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Ayres NJ, Ban G, Bison G, Bodek K, Bondar V, Bouillaud T, Bowles D, Chanel E, Chen W, Chiu PJ, Crawford C, Naviliat-Cuncic O, Doorenbos CB, Emmenegger S, Fertl M, Fratangelo A, Griffith WC, Grujic ZD, Harris PG, Kirch K, Kletzl V, Krempel J, Lauss B, Lefort T, Lejuez A, Li R, Mullan P, Pacura S, Pais D, Piegsa FM, Rienäcker I, Ries D, Pignol G, Rebreyend D, Roccia S, Rozpedzik D, Saenz-Arevalo W, Schmidt-Wellenburg P, Schnabel A, Segarra EP, Severijns N, Svirina K, Tavakoli Dinani R, Thorne J, Vankeirsbilck J, Voigt J, Yazdandoost N, Zejma J, Ziehl N, Zsigmond G, nEDM collaboration at PSI T. Achieving ultra-low and -uniform residual magnetic fields in a very large magnetically shielded room for fundamental physics experiments. Eur Phys J C Part Fields 2024; 84:18. [PMID: 38205101 PMCID: PMC10774228 DOI: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-023-12351-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
High-precision searches for an electric dipole moment of the neutron (nEDM) require stable and uniform magnetic field environments. We present the recent achievements of degaussing and equilibrating the magnetically shielded room (MSR) for the n2EDM experiment at the Paul Scherrer Institute. We present the final degaussing configuration that will be used for n2EDM after numerous studies. The optimized procedure results in a residual magnetic field that has been reduced by a factor of two. The ultra-low field is achieved with the full magnetic-field-coil system, and a large vacuum vessel installed, both in the MSR. In the inner volume of ∼ 1.4 m 3 , the field is now more uniform and below 300 pT. In addition, the procedure is faster and dissipates less heat into the magnetic environment, which in turn, reduces its thermal relaxation time from 12 h down to 1.5 h .
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Affiliation(s)
- N. J. Ayres
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - G. Ban
- Normandie Université, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC Caen, 14000 Caen, France
| | - G. Bison
- Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - K. Bodek
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Kraków, Poland
| | - V. Bondar
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - T. Bouillaud
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, 38026 Grenoble, France
| | - D. Bowles
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506 USA
| | - E. Chanel
- Laboratory for High Energy Physics and Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - W. Chen
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - P.-J. Chiu
- University of Zürich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - C. B. Crawford
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506 USA
| | - O. Naviliat-Cuncic
- Normandie Université, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC Caen, 14000 Caen, France
| | - C. B. Doorenbos
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - S. Emmenegger
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M. Fertl
- Institute of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - A. Fratangelo
- Laboratory for High Energy Physics and Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - W. C. Griffith
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9QH UK
| | - Z. D. Grujic
- Institute of Physics, Photonics Center, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, 11080 Serbia
| | - P. G. Harris
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9QH UK
| | - K. Kirch
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - V. Kletzl
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - J. Krempel
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - B. Lauss
- Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - T. Lefort
- Normandie Université, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC Caen, 14000 Caen, France
| | - A. Lejuez
- Normandie Université, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC Caen, 14000 Caen, France
| | - R. Li
- Instituut voor Kern-en Stralingsfysica, University of Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - P. Mullan
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - S. Pacura
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Kraków, Poland
| | - D. Pais
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - F. M. Piegsa
- Laboratory for High Energy Physics and Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - I. Rienäcker
- Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - D. Ries
- Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - G. Pignol
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, 38026 Grenoble, France
| | - D. Rebreyend
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, 38026 Grenoble, France
| | - S. Roccia
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, 38026 Grenoble, France
| | - D. Rozpedzik
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Kraków, Poland
| | - W. Saenz-Arevalo
- Normandie Université, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC Caen, 14000 Caen, France
| | | | - A. Schnabel
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Abbestr. 2-12, 10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - E. P. Segarra
- Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - N. Severijns
- Instituut voor Kern-en Stralingsfysica, University of Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - K. Svirina
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, 38026 Grenoble, France
| | - R. Tavakoli Dinani
- Instituut voor Kern-en Stralingsfysica, University of Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - J. Thorne
- Laboratory for High Energy Physics and Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - J. Vankeirsbilck
- Instituut voor Kern-en Stralingsfysica, University of Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - J. Voigt
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Abbestr. 2-12, 10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - N. Yazdandoost
- Department of Chemistry-TRIGA Site, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - J. Zejma
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Kraków, Poland
| | - N. Ziehl
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - G. Zsigmond
- Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - The nEDM collaboration at PSI
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Normandie Université, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC Caen, 14000 Caen, France
- Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Kraków, Poland
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, 38026 Grenoble, France
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506 USA
- Laboratory for High Energy Physics and Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
- University of Zürich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9QH UK
- Institute of Physics, Photonics Center, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, 11080 Serbia
- Instituut voor Kern-en Stralingsfysica, University of Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Abbestr. 2-12, 10587 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Chemistry-TRIGA Site, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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Truby L, Bowles D, Casalinova S, Kwee L, Ilkayeva O, Muehlbauer M, Huebner J, Holley C, DeVore A, Patel C, Kang L, Pla MM, Gross R, McGarrah R, Schroder J, Milano C, Shah S. Metabolomic Profiling During Ex-Vivo Normothermic Perfusion Prior to Heart Transplantation Defines Patterns of Substrate Utilization and Correlates with Markers of Allograft Injury. J Heart Lung Transplant 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2023.02.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
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Sukhanov S, Higashi Y, Yoshida T, Danchuk S, Alfortish M, Goodchild T, Scarboroogh A, Sharp T, Schumacher J, Sindi F, Bowles D, Ivy J, Tharp D, Rozenbaum Z, Jenkins J, Garcia D, Lefer D, Kolls J, Delafontaine P. Insulin-like growth factor I reduces human-like coronary atherosclerosis. Am J Med Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9629(23)00012-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Seidl H, Hein L, Scholz S, Bowles D, Greiner W, Brettschneider C, König HH, Holle R. [Validation of the FIMA Questionnaire for Health-Related Resource Use Against Medical Claims Data: The Role Played by Length of Recall Period]. Gesundheitswesen 2019; 83:66-74. [PMID: 31698476 DOI: 10.1055/a-1010-6315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
AIM TO VALIDATE: the questionnaire on health-related resource use in an elderly population (FIMA). METHODS Self-reported health care use of 1,552 participants was validated against medical claims data. Reliability was measured by intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), sensitivity, specificity, and Cohen's Kappa. Linear regression models were used to investigate the association between validity and individual characteristics, health state, recall period (3, 6, or 12 months), or frequency of resource use. RESULTS On average, participants were 74 years old; 95% rated the questionnaire as easy. The number of physician contacts was underestimated depending on recall period by 9 to 28% and the ICC was moderate (3/6/12 months, ICC 0.46/0.48/0.55), whereas contacts with physiotherapists were remembered quite well (ICC>0.75). Remembering the number of days in rehabilitation and hospital differed by recall periods (3/6/12 months); rehabilitation ICC=0.88/0.51/0.87; hospital ICC=0.69/0.88/0.66. Very good reliability of self-reported long-term care insurance benefits was found for all recall periods (Kappa>0.90) while agreement in self-reported medical aid was poor (Kappa<0.30); agreement in intake of medication was good (Kappa>0.40). The chance of agreement between self-reports and claims data significantly decreased with the number of contacts. Individuals with better health had a significantly higher chance of reporting contacts with physiotherapists accurately. CONCLUSION The FIMA largely demonstrated good reliability. The FIMA is a coherent and valid instrument to collect health-related resource use in health economic studies in an elderly population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hildegard Seidl
- Institut für Gesundheitsökonomie und Management im Gesundheitswesen, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Garching.,Qualitätsmanagement und Gendermedizin, München Klinik, München
| | - Lorenz Hein
- Ärztekammer Niedersachsen, Zentrum für Qualität und Management im Gesundheitswesen, Hannover
| | - Stefan Scholz
- Fakultät für Gesundheitswissenschaften, Gesundheitsökonomie und Gesundheitsmanagement, Universität Bielefeld, Bielefeld
| | - David Bowles
- Die Senatorin für Wissenschaft, Gesundheit und Verbraucherschutz Referat 41 - Versorgungsplanung, Landesangelegenheiten Krankenhauswesen, Psychiatrie und Pflege, Freie Hansestadt Bremen, Bremen
| | - Wolfgang Greiner
- Fakultät für Gesundheitswissenschaften, Gesundheitsökonomie und Gesundheitsmanagement, Universität Bielefeld, Bielefeld
| | - Christian Brettschneider
- Institut für Gesundheitsökonomie und Versorgungsforschung, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg
| | - Hans-Helmut König
- Institut für Gesundheitsökonomie und Versorgungsforschung, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg
| | - Rolf Holle
- Institut für Gesundheitsökonomie und Management im Gesundheitswesen, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Garching
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Patil T, Smith D, Bunn P, Aisner D, Le A, Hancock M, Purcell W, Bowles D, Camidge R, Doebele R. P1.01-78 The Incidence of Brain Metastases in ROS1-Rearranged Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer at Diagnosis and Following Progression on Crizotinib. J Thorac Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2018.08.634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Ikpeazu C, Elvin J, Vergilio J, Suh J, Ramkissoon S, Wang K, Bowles D, Somerset H, Russell J, Ali S, Schrock A, Fabrizio D, Frampton G, Miller V, Stephens P, Gay L, Ross J. Comprehensive Genomic Profiling and Precision Pathology for Clinically Advanced Salivary Gland Myoepithelial Carcinoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2017.12.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Bowles D, Radford J, Bakopoulou I. Scaffolding as a key role for teaching assistants: Perceptions of their pedagogical strategies. Br J Educ Psychol 2017; 88:499-512. [PMID: 29152714 DOI: 10.1111/bjep.12197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inclusive education policies have led to a worldwide increase in the number of teaching assistants (TAs) working in mainstream schools. TAs have a large amount of responsibility for supporting children with special educational needs and disabilities (SEND), a role which by default has become instructional in practice, and for which training and preparation are rarely adequate. While there is some research into the nature of TAs' interactions with pupils and the strategies they use which are helpful for children's learning, TAs' perspectives on their own classroom practice have yet to be explored. AIMS To explore TAs' perceptions about their use of inclusive pedagogical strategies. SAMPLE The study involved eleven TAs in two mainstream primary schools. METHODS The TAs were interviewed face to face to explore their views about inclusive pedagogical strategies. The data were analysed using thematic analysis. RESULTS TAs were clear about the strategies they use to offer emotional and relational support to children. There were some gaps, however, in their knowledge about how children learn, specifically in terms of transferring responsibility for learning onto children. CONCLUSION The study advances understanding of scaffolding from a TA perspective and highlights the importance of training TAs in scaffolding theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Bowles
- London Borough of Barking and Dagenham, London, UK
| | - Julie Radford
- Psychology and Human Development, UCL Institute of Education, UK
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Ross J, Gay L, Vanden Borre P, Almog N, Schrock A, Vergilio JA, Suh J, Ramkissoon S, Severson E, Daniel S, Ali S, Miller V, Stephens P, Elvin J, Bowles D. Comprehensive genomic profiling of metastatic and relapsed thyroid gland carcinomas is associated with tumor type and reveals new routes to targeted therapies. Ann Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx368.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Necchi A, Pond G, Pal S, Agarwal N, Bowles D, Plimack E, Yu E, Ladoire S, Baniel J, Crabb S, Niegisch G, Golshayan A, Sridhar S, Berthold D, Rosenberg J, Powles T, Bamias A, Harshman L, Bellmunt J, Galsky M. Outcomes of patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC) with exclusive bone metastases: Focus on a special patient population. Ann Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx371.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Gay L, Ross J, Wang K, Vergilio JA, Suh J, Ramkissoon S, Bowles D, Serracino H, Russell J, Ali S, Miller V, Stephens P, Elvin J. Comprehensive genomic profiles of metastatic and relapsed salivary gland carcinomas are associated with tumor type and reveal new routes to targeted therapies. Ann Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw376.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Abstract
The welfare of captive bears became a big issue of concern in Poland when a case of a bear being ill-treated became a high-profile case in the media. This case created a challenge to verify, study, and understand the main problems associated with bear keeping so that zoos could significantly improve the conditions in which they keep bears or ensure they keep bears at the minimum required standards. The results presented here are from 1 of the few countrywide studies of captive bear conditions conducted in all the captive institutions in Poland that keep bears. Thirteen institutions kept bears at the time of the study (2007-2009), including 54 individuals of 5 species. Major welfare problems were identified, and the results have been used to challenge zoos to address the changes required and focus the government's attention on areas that require legislative improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Maślak
- a Department of Evolutionary Biology and Conservation of Vertebrates , Institute of Environmental Biology, University of Wroclaw , Wroclaw , Poland
| | - Agnieszka Sergiel
- b Department of Wildlife Conservation , Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences , Krakow , Poland
| | - David Bowles
- c Royal Society for Prevention of Cruelty to Animals , Horsham , United Kingdom
| | - Łukasz Paśko
- a Department of Evolutionary Biology and Conservation of Vertebrates , Institute of Environmental Biology, University of Wroclaw , Wroclaw , Poland
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Waxweiler T, Bowles D, Reddy K, Blatchford P, Leem T, Karam S, Song J, Jimeno A, Raben D. Safety and Feasibility Update of Olaparib, an Orally Bioavailable PARP Inhibitor, With Concurrent Cetuximab and Radiation Therapy in Heavy Smokers With Stage III-IVB Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head/Neck: A Phase 1 Trial. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2014.05.1692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Bock JO, Brettschneider C, Seidl H, Bowles D, Holle R, Greiner W, König HH. [Calculation of standardised unit costs from a societal perspective for health economic evaluation]. Gesundheitswesen 2014; 77:53-61. [PMID: 25025287 DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1374621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Due to demographic aging, economic evaluation of health care technologies for the elderly becomes more important. A standardised questionnaire to measure the health-related resource utilisation has been designed. The monetary valuation of the resource use documented by the questionnaire is a central step towards the determination of the corresponding costs. The aim of this paper is to provide unit costs for the resources in the questionnaire from a societal perspective. METHODS The unit costs are calculated pragmatically based on regularly published sources. Thus, an easy update is possible. RESULTS This paper presents the calculated unit costs for outpatient medical care, inpatient care, informal and formal nursing care and pharmaceuticals from a societal perspective. CONCLUSION The calculated unit costs can serve as a reference case in health economic evaluations and hence help to increase their comparability.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-O Bock
- Institut für Gesundheitsökonomie und Versorgungsforschung, -Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg
| | - C Brettschneider
- Institut für Gesundheitsökonomie und Versorgungsforschung, -Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg
| | - H Seidl
- Institut für Gesundheitsökonomie und Management im Gesundheits-wesen, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg
| | - D Bowles
- Fakultät für Gesundheitswissenschaften, Gesundheitsökonomie und -Gesundheitsmanagement, Universität Bielefeld, Bielefeld
| | - R Holle
- Institut für Gesundheitsökonomie und Management im Gesundheits-wesen, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg
| | - W Greiner
- Fakultät für Gesundheitswissenschaften, Gesundheitsökonomie und -Gesundheitsmanagement, Universität Bielefeld, Bielefeld
| | - H H König
- Institut für Gesundheitsökonomie und Versorgungsforschung, -Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg
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Seidl H, Bowles D, Bock JO, Brettschneider C, Greiner W, König HH, Holle R. [FIMA--questionnaire for health-related resource use in an elderly population: development and pilot study]. Gesundheitswesen 2014; 77:46-52. [PMID: 24806594 DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1372618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
AIM Due to demographic trends towards an ageing population resource use of health care will increase. By collecting health-related costs via questionnaires, the impact of socio-economic variables and other medical factors can be examined. In addition, only patient reported resource use accounts for out-of-pocket payments. Thus, it is necessary to develop an appropriate tool to collect the health-related resource use in an elderly population. METHODS The development of the FIMA (questionnaire for the use of medical and non-medical services in old age) was carried out in 6 steps. These included the determination of necessary questionnaire contents based on a literature review and the wording and layout were defined. Finally the questionnaire was tested in a pilot study and was modified. RESULTS All direct medical and non-medical resource use excluding transportation and time costs were recorded. Productivity losses were not included. The recall time frames differed according to resource categories (7 days, 3 months, 12 months). For the pilot study, 63 questionnaires were analysed. The response rate was 69%. The questionnaire took an average of 21 min to complete. Three quarters of respondents completed the questionnaire without help and 90% rated the difficulty as easy or even very simple. There was good agreement between self-reported health-related quality of life and the resource use of nursing and domestic help (phi coefficient values between 0.52 and 0.58). CONCLUSION The FIMA is a generic questionnaire which collects the health-related resource use within the older population groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Seidl
- Institut für Gesundheitsökonomie und Management im Gesundheitswesen, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg
| | - D Bowles
- Fakultät für Gesundheitswissenschaften Gesundheitsökonomie und -Gesundheitsmanagement, Universität Bielefeld, Bielefeld
| | - J-O Bock
- Institut für Gesundheitsökonomie und Versorgungsforschung, Hamburg Center for Health Economics, -Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg
| | - C Brettschneider
- Institut für Gesundheitsökonomie und Versorgungsforschung, Hamburg Center for Health Economics, -Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg
| | - W Greiner
- Fakultät für Gesundheitswissenschaften Gesundheitsökonomie und -Gesundheitsmanagement, Universität Bielefeld, Bielefeld
| | - H-H König
- Institut für Gesundheitsökonomie und Versorgungsforschung, Hamburg Center for Health Economics, -Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg
| | - R Holle
- Institut für Gesundheitsökonomie und Management im Gesundheitswesen, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg
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Waxweiler T, Bowles D, Reddy K, Blatchford P, Song J, Leem T, Jimeno A, Raben D. Preliminary Safety and Tolerability of a Phase 1 Trial of Olaparib in Combination With Cetuximab and Radiation Therapy in Heavy Smokers With Locally Advanced, Stage IVA-B Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head/Neck. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2013.11.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Hoogendoorn M, Al MJ, Beeh KM, Bowles D, Graf von der Schulenburg JM, Lungershausen J, Monz BU, Schmidt H, Vogelmeier C, Rutten-van Mölken MPMH. Cost-effectiveness of tiotropium versus salmeterol: the POET-COPD trial. Eur Respir J 2012; 41:556-64. [PMID: 22700844 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00027212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to perform a 1-yr trial-based cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) of tiotropium versus salmeterol followed by a 5-yr model-based CEA. The within-trial CEA, including 7,250 patients with moderate to very severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), was performed alongside the 1-yr international randomised controlled Prevention of Exacerbations with Tiotropium (POET)-COPD trial comparing tiotropium with salmeterol regarding the effect on exacerbations. Main end-points of the trial-based analysis were costs, number of exacerbations and exacerbation days. The model-based analysis was conducted to extrapolate results to 5 yrs and to calculate quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). 1-yr costs per patient from the German statutory health insurance (SHI) perspective and the societal perspective were €126 (95% uncertainty interval (UI) €55-195) and €170 (95% UI €77-260) higher for tiotropium, respectively. The annual number of exacerbations was 0.064 (95% UI 0.010-0.118) lower for tiotropium, leading to a reduction in exacerbation-related costs of €87 (95% UI €19-157). The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was €1,961 per exacerbation avoided from the SHI perspective and €2,647 from the societal perspective. In the model-based analyses, the 5-yr costs per QALY were €3,488 from the SHI perspective and €8,141 from the societal perspective. Tiotropium reduced exacerbations and exacerbation-related costs, but increased total costs. Tiotropium can be considered cost-effective as the resulting cost-effectiveness ratios were below commonly accepted willingness-to-pay thresholds.
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Bowles D, Graf von der Schulenburg JM. [Economic valuation of physician contacts in German outpatient care of COPD. Results from a survey of general practitioners and respiratory specialists]. Pneumologie 2011; 65:379-87. [PMID: 21370222 DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1256222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality and features a substantial economic burden. METHODS This article analyses the frequency of physician contacts and commonly provided services in the outpatient care of patients with COPD in Germany. Information on characteristic health care delivery in case of patients with COPD has been further used to construct basic scenarios of outpatient resource use. RESULTS Altogether, 34 out of 150 respiratory specialists and 55 out of 350 general practitioners participated in the survey (response rates of 22.7 and 15.7%, respectively). Results point out, that the number of commonly provided services (a) is limited to a very basic set, (b) does not differ substantially according to severity of COPD, and (c) does not substantially vary between the stable phase of the disease and the presence of exacerbations. CONCLUSIONS Despite its low level of evidence, the use of expert opinion can serve as a valuable and legitimate tool; especially when the literature does not provide any or only outdated information.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Bowles
- Universität Bielefeld, Fakultät für Gesundheitswissenschaften, Gesundheitsökonomie und Gesundheitsmanagement, Universitätsstraße 25, Bielefeld.
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Bowles D, Damm O, Greiner W. Gesundheitsbezogene Versorgungsforschung mit GKV-Routinedaten - Grenzen am Beispiel der Prophylaxe venöser Thromboembolien in der Hüft- und Kniegelenkendoprothetik. Gesundh ökon Qual manag 2010. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1245580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Bullying as a subform of aggressive behaviour has not received much attention as a specific risk behaviour in adolescence. Especially the adverse health effects in relation to bullying have been barely discussed in Germany. The objective of this study is to present age- and gender-specific prevalences in bullying and to analyse the association between the different bullying roles and subjective health as well as risk behaviour. METHODS Data were obtained from the German part of the international WHO collaborative study "Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC)" in 2002. Overall, 5,650 school children aged 11-15 years were interviewed with a standardised questionnaire. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to analyse the association between bullying, psychosocial health and risk behaviour separately for girls and boys. RESULTS About 17% of the boys and 10% of the girls aged 11-15 years were classified as repeated bullying perpetrators. About 10% of the school children are victims of being bullied several times a month. Another 3-5% of the adolescents belonged to the group of simultaneous victims and perpetrators (bully-victims). Perpetrators as well as victims showed strong associations with psychosocial health and risk behaviour. Independently of gender, victims were significantly more likely to report repeated psychosomatic complaints, adverse mental health and negative self-reported health (boys only), than uninvolved students. Especially for male perpetrators, strong associations with regular tobacco and alcohol use and repeated drunkenness were found, while these behaviour types were significantly less prevalent among victims. The bully-victim group is characterised by high rates of psychosomatic complaints and mental health problems (boys only). CONCLUSIONS Bullying also seems to be widespread in schools in Germany and is strongly associated with subjective health and substance-related risk behaviour. The results suggest that bullying is a critical issue that requires increasing attention in health research. The unique health problems of victims and perpetrators suggest different intervention strategies for both groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Richter
- Fakultät für Gesundheitswissenschaften, Universität Bielefeld.
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Bowles D, Paskin R, Gutiérrez M, Kasterine A. Animal welfare and developing countries: opportunities for trade in high-welfare products from developing countries. REV SCI TECH OIE 2005; 24:783-90. [PMID: 16358527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Discussion on the potential for developing countries to develop trade in niche markets such as higher welfare standards has been highlighted with moves by the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) to set internationally agreed standards for animal welfare. This paper examines the existing and potential trade in value-added higher welfare products using case studies in the beef and poultry sectors from three countries in Africa, Asia and Latin America. It shows that at present there is only a small trade in these products but that this can have a major effect at a national level. In the beef export trade from Namibia, the existence of the only assurance scheme in Africa setting standards in hygiene, veterinary care and animal welfare has created a trusted, safe and healthy product and ensured that Namibia has grown into Africa's largest exporter of beef to the European Union. In Thailand, the broiler industry, which has enjoyed annual growth in the past 15 years, is developing value-added products to develop markets to counter competition from other countries. The development and implementation of standards for organic products in both Thailand and Argentina over the past decade have also resulted in growth in the export markets of these products. The paper concludes that there is growth potential for the sectors in all three markets which can be assisted by the development of OIE baseline standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Bowles
- Department of External Affairs, Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, Wilberforce Way, Southwater, Horsham, West Sussex RH13 9RS, United Kingdom
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Bowles D. A multigene family of glycosyltransferases in a model plant, Arabidopsis thaliana. Biochem Soc Trans 2002; 30:301-306. [PMID: 12023869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Glycosyltransferases transfer sugars from NDP-sugar donors to acceptors. The multigene family of transferases described in this paper typically transfer glucose from UDP-glucose to low-molecular-mass acceptors in the cytosol of plant cells. There are 107 sequences in the genome of Arabidopsis thaliana that contain a consensus, suggesting they belong to this Group 1 multigene family. The family has been analysed phylogenetically, and a functional genomics approach has been applied to explore the relatedness of sequence similarity to catalytic specificity and stereoselectivity. Enzymes belonging to this class of transferases glycosylate a vast array of acceptors, including natural products such as secondary metabolites and hormones, as well as xenobiotics absorbed by the plant, such as herbicides and pesticides. Conjugation to glucose potentially changes the activity of the acceptor molecule and invariably changes its location within the plant cell. Using the genomics approach described, a platform of knowledge has been constructed that will enable an understanding to be gained on the role of these enzymes in cellular homoeostasis, as well as their activity in biotransformations in vitro that require strict regioselectivity of glycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Bowles
- Centre for Novel Agriculture Products, Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5YW, U.K.
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Bowles D. There are interesting times to come for plant biology. Plant J 2001; 25:iii-iv. [PMID: 11169188 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-313x.2001.00964.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Raikhel NV, Nishimura M, Quatrano RS, Howell SH, Davies W, Bowles D. The free flow of ideas, information and materials. Plant J 2000; 24:III. [PMID: 11135123 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-313x.2000.00948.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Raikhel NV, Nishimura M, Quatrano R, Howell SH, Davies W, Bowles D. The free flow of ideas, information, and materials. Plant Physiol 2000; 124:1455. [PMID: 11115857 PMCID: PMC1539294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Ramey D, Keating JC, Imrie R, Bowles D. Claims for veterinary chiropractic unjustified. Can Vet J 2000; 41:169-70. [PMID: 10738593 PMCID: PMC1476296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
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Ramey D, Imrie R, Bowles D. Veterinary homeopathy--a rebuttal. Can Vet J 2000; 41:3-4. [PMID: 10642866 PMCID: PMC1476345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
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Bowles D. Start of the new year. Plant J 2000; 21:v-vii. [PMID: 10777322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Ramey D, Imrie R, Bowles D. Acupuncture founded on magical and mystical musings about how the world works. Can Vet J 1999; 40:840-1. [PMID: 10646059 PMCID: PMC1539877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
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Abstract
Data are presented on the hiomagnification rates, accumulation and concentrations of metals in cetacean species. Concentrations of metals predominantly occur in the soft tissues, although zinc and lead concentrate in the skin and bones. Rates of uptake are dependent upon metal availability, the species' dietary preference and chemical reactions between contaminants. Differences in concentrations occur according to the sex and age of the animal, with certain metals displaying age-related trends. Mercury is the only metal which shows both biomagnification at all levels of the food chain and a positive correlation with age at all stages during a cetacean's life. Differences in concentrations occur between baleen species and toothed cetaceans. Levels tend to be lower in baleen whales, primarily due to a shorter food chain (resulting in lower bioconcentration factors) and as the principal prey species are taken from lower parts of the food chain. A number of storage and detoxifying mechanisms have been recorded in many species that may alter the effects of high metal concentrations. Data on the effects of metal toxicity in cetacean species are sparse, but tolerance limits have been proposed for mercury and cadmium. These are compared with high concentrations recorded in certain species and possible effects extrapolated. Effects of toxicity may alter depending on the species, age and sex of the animal, but indications of toxic effects have been reported. Finally, the possibility of determining regional hot-spots, where background pollution levels are high, from concentrations of mercury reported in cetacean species, are examined.
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Worrall D, Elias L, Ashford D, Smallwood M, Sidebottom C, Lillford P, Telford J, Holt C, Bowles D. A carrot leucine-rich-repeat protein that inhibits ice recrystallization. Science 1998; 282:115-7. [PMID: 9756474 DOI: 10.1126/science.282.5386.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Many organisms adapted to live at subzero temperatures express antifreeze proteins that improve their tolerance to freezing. Although structurally diverse, all antifreeze proteins interact with ice surfaces, depress the freezing temperature of aqueous solutions, and inhibit ice crystal growth. A protein purified from carrot shares these functional features with antifreeze proteins of fish. Expression of the carrot complementary DNA in tobacco resulted in the accumulation of antifreeze activity in the apoplast of plants grown at greenhouse temperatures. The sequence of carrot antifreeze protein is similar to that of polygalacturonase inhibitor proteins and contains leucine-rich repeats.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Worrall
- The Plant Laboratory, Biology Department, University of York, Post Office Box 373, York, YO1 5YW, UK
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Abstract
The wound response of tomato plants has been extensively studied, and provides a useful model to understand signal transduction events leading from injury to marker gene expression. The principal markers that have been used in these studies are genes encoding proteinase inhibitor (pin) proteins. Activation of pin genes occurs in the wounded leaf and in distant unwounded leaves of the plant. This paper reviews current understanding of signalling pathways in the wounded leaf, and in the systemically responding unwounded leaves. First, the nature of known elicitors and their potential roles in planta are discussed, in particular, oligogalacturonides, jasmonates and the peptide signal, systemin. Inhibitors of wound-induced proteinase inhibitor (pin) expression are also reviewed, with particular reference to phenolics, sulphydryl reagents and fusicoccin. In each section, results obtained from the bioassay are considered within the wider context of data from mutants and from transgenic plants with altered levels of putative signalling components. Following this introduction, current models for pin gene regulation are described and discussed, together with a summary for the involvement of phosphorylation-dephosphorylation in wound signalling. Finally, a new model for wound-induced pin gene expression is presented, arising from recent data from the author's laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Bowles
- Department of Biology, University of York, UK
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Abstract
The Sumatran tiger is the only one of three original subspecies of tigers that survives in Indonesia today. Its wild population, estimated to be 400–650 animals, has progressively diminished because of habitat destruction, poaching and the removal of tigers involved in conflicts with local farmers. This paper presents previously undocumented information on the market in tiger products. It shows that, while no documentation of intentional tiger poaching to meet an international demand for tiger bones was recorded, the domestic demand for tiger bones, teeth and claws is still a potential threat to the future survival of this subspecies. In addition to continuing work to protect the integrity of tiger habitat in Sumatra, enforcement actions are required to prevent the domestic market for tiger parts increasing the threats to this subspecies and to ensure its conservation.
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Abstract
The combined cardiovascular effects of hemorrhagic shock and mechanical brain injury were modeled in five groups of pigs. Standard and hypertonic saline resuscitation of hypotension were evaluated. Changes in mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), central venous pressure (CVP), intracranial pressure (ICP), and brain water were measured. Brain injury (BI) was produced with a fluid percussion device that generated an extradural pressure of 3.5 x 10(5) N/m2 for 400 msec. Shock was caused by bleeding to a MAP of 60 mm Hg for 60 minutes and then resuscitated with shed blood only or shed blood plus 0.9% or 1.8% saline. Brain-injured only and shocked-only pigs served as controls. We found that brain injury alone caused refractory hypotension. Less shed blood was required to produce shock in brain injured animals (p < .05). Shock accompanied by brain injury was not reversed with crystalloid solutions. Volumes of saline required to restore blood pressure were large (> 6 L in 3 hours). 1.8% saline produced less rise in ICP than 0.9% saline but was less effective in restoring blood pressure. Brain edema was not decreased with 1.8% saline. Brain injury altered vascular compensation to hemorrhage and made accepted resuscitative measures ineffective.
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Affiliation(s)
- R L Fulton
- Department of Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, KY 40292
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Affiliation(s)
- D Bowles
- Centre for Plant Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
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Abstract
Eighteen patients with osteosarcoma, most of whom were adolescents, were examined for abnormalities of the brain by use of computed axial tomography. These studies were performed at 15-60 months (median 47 months) after the completion of adjuvant chemotherapy, which included high-dose methotrexate, cyclophosphamide, and Adriamycin. No abnormalities were found. The results of this study, together with the absence of brain lesions in published reports in children receiving high-dose methotrexate but no cranial irradiation, indicate that delayed neurotoxicity is not a major complication of this form of therapy in older children.
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Abstract
The clinical course of 18 consecutive children treated for primary retroperitoneal rhabdomyosarcoma was reviewed. At diagnosis, 8 patients had regional unresected tumor and 10 patients had disseminated tumor, including 3 patients with documented bone marrow infiltration by tumor. Following combined modality therapy, 14 of 18 patients achieved a greater than 50% tumor response (11 complete and 3 partial responses); 4 patients failed to respond and died of progressive disease within eight months of diagnosis. Among the 14 patients responding, 7 patients had subsequent reextension of active tumor three to 16 months (median, 9 months) following the onset of therapy. Three of the 7 remaining patients died of treatment complications, 2 of intestinal obstruction and 1 of disseminated histoplasmosis, within the first year of therapy and at post-mortem examination had no demonstrable tumor. Four patients are alive and free of active tumor for 10+, 10+, 32+ and 33+ months from diagnosis. Treatment complications have included hematopoietic depression, mucositis, enteritis, intestinal obstruction, excessive weight loss, malnutrition, and life-threatening infection. These results illustrate limitations in current combined modality therapy of retroperitoneal rhabdomyosarcoma and the necessity for future treatment modifications to both reduce morbidity and to improve survival.
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Pratt CB, Howarth C, Ransom JL, Bowles D, Green AA, Kumar AP, Rivera G, Evans WE. High-dose methotrexate used alone and in combination for measurable primary or metastatic osteosarcoma. Cancer Treat Rep 1980; 64:11-20. [PMID: 6966535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
High-dose methotrexate with leucovorin rescue was used alone or in combination with Adriamycin and cyclophosphamide for the treatment of 27 osteosarcoma patients with measurable indicators of disease. Three patients developed complete responses of measurable lesions, two had partial responses, two had static disease, one had symptomatic improvement, and one had return to normal of physical findings following treatment of a flat bone primary osteosarcoma. While the doses and frequency of administration of high-dose methotrexate differed from those used by previous investigators, these results suggest that aggressive treatment with high-dose methotrexate must be attempted to further evaluate its efficacy as single-agent therapy for osteosarcoma patients not eligible for adjuvant chemotherapy trials.
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Abstract
This study investigated the hypothesis that physical and body contact exercises within an encounter group reduce barriers between people and increase their willingness to self-disclose. Ss participating in these exercises ( n = 18), in contrast to 9 controls, showed a significant increase in self-disclosure following the group session.
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Bowles D, Mühlemann HR. Effects on gingival fluid of periodontal ligament trauma. Helv Odontol Acta 1971; 15:58-60. [PMID: 5550408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Mühlemann HR, Bowles D, Schait A, Bernimoulin JP. Effect of diphosphonate on human supragingival calculus. Helv Odontol Acta 1970; 14:31-3. [PMID: 5438799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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