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McComsey DF, Smith-Swintosky VL, Parker MH, Brenneman DE, Malatynska E, White HS, Klein BD, Wilcox KS, Milewski ME, Herb M, Finley MFA, Liu Y, Lubin ML, Qin N, Reitz AB, Maryanoff BE. Novel, broad-spectrum anticonvulsants containing a sulfamide group: pharmacological properties of (S)-N-[(6-chloro-2,3-dihydrobenzo[1,4]dioxin-2-yl)methyl]sulfamide (JNJ-26489112). J Med Chem 2013; 56:9019-30. [PMID: 24205976 DOI: 10.1021/jm400894u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Broad-spectrum anticonvulsants are of considerable interest as antiepileptic drugs, especially because of their potential for treating refractory patients. Such "neurostabilizers" have also been used to treat other neurological disorders, including migraine, bipolar disorder, and neuropathic pain. We synthesized a series of sulfamide derivatives (4-9, 10a-i, 11a, 11b, 12) and evaluated their anticonvulsant activity. Thus, we identified promising sulfamide 4 (JNJ-26489112) and explored its pharmacological properties. Compound 4 exhibited excellent anticonvulsant activity in rodents against audiogenic, electrically induced, and chemically induced seizures. Mechanistically, 4 inhibited voltage-gated Na(+) channels and N-type Ca(2+) channels and was effective as a K(+) channel opener. The anticonvulsant profile of 4 suggests that it may be useful for treating multiple forms of epilepsy (generalized tonic-clonic, complex partial, absence seizures), including refractory (or pharmacoresistant) epilepsy, at dose levels that confer a good safety margin. On the basis of its pharmacology and other favorable characteristics, 4 was advanced into human clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- David F McComsey
- Research & Development, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson , Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477-0776, United States
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Maryanoff BE, O’Neill JC, McComsey DF, Yabut SC, Luci DK, Gibbs AC, Connelly MA. Pyrimidinopyrimidine inhibitors of ketohexokinase: Exploring the ring C2 group that interacts with Asp-27B in the ligand binding pocket. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:5326-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2012] [Revised: 06/01/2012] [Accepted: 06/04/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Maryanoff BE, O'Neill JC, McComsey DF, Yabut SC, Luci DK, Jordan AD, Masucci JA, Jones WJ, Abad MC, Gibbs AC, Petrounia I. Correction to Inhibitors of Ketohexokinase: Discovery of Pyrimidinopyrimidines with Specific Substitution that Complements the ATP-Binding Site. ACS Med Chem Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ml300023e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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4
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Maryanoff BE, O'Neill JC, McComsey DF, Yabut SC, Luci DK, Jordan AD, Masucci JA, Jones WJ, Abad MC, Gibbs AC, Petrounia I. Inhibitors of Ketohexokinase: Discovery of Pyrimidinopyrimidines with Specific Substitution that Complements the ATP-Binding Site. ACS Med Chem Lett 2011; 2:538-43. [PMID: 24900346 DOI: 10.1021/ml200070g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2011] [Accepted: 04/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Attenuation of fructose metabolism by the inhibition of ketohexokinase (KHK; fructokinase) should reduce body weight, free fatty acids, and triglycerides, thereby offering a novel approach to treat diabetes and obesity in response to modern diets. We have identified potent, selective inhibitors of human hepatic KHK within a series of pyrimidinopyrimidines (1). For example, 8, 38, and 47 exhibited KHK IC50 values of 12, 7, and 8 nM, respectively, and also showed potent cellular KHK inhibition (IC50 < 500 nM), which relates to their intrinsic potency vs KHK and their ability to penetrate cells. X-ray cocrystal structures of KHK complexes of 3, 8, and 47 revealed the important interactions within the enzyme's adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP)-binding pocket.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce E. Maryanoff
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477-0776, United States
| | - John C. O'Neill
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477-0776, United States
| | - David F. McComsey
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477-0776, United States
| | - Stephen C. Yabut
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477-0776, United States
| | - Diane K. Luci
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477-0776, United States
| | - Alfonzo D. Jordan
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477-0776, United States
| | - John A. Masucci
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477-0776, United States
| | - William J. Jones
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477-0776, United States
| | - Marta C. Abad
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477-0776, United States
| | - Alan C. Gibbs
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477-0776, United States
| | - Ioanna Petrounia
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477-0776, United States
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5
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Parker MH, Smith-Swintosky VL, McComsey DF, Huang Y, Brenneman D, Klein B, Malatynska E, White HS, Milewski ME, Herb M, Finley MFA, Liu Y, Lubin ML, Qin N, Iannucci R, Leclercq L, Cuyckens F, Reitz AB, Maryanoff BE. Novel, Broad-Spectrum Anticonvulsants Containing a Sulfamide Group: Advancement of N-((Benzo[b]thien-3-yl)methyl)sulfamide (JNJ-26990990) into Human Clinical Studies. J Med Chem 2009; 52:7528-36. [DOI: 10.1021/jm801432r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael H. Parker
- Research and Early Development, Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477-0776
| | - Virginia L. Smith-Swintosky
- Research and Early Development, Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477-0776
| | - David F. McComsey
- Research and Early Development, Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477-0776
| | - Yifang Huang
- Research and Early Development, Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477-0776
| | - Douglas Brenneman
- Research and Early Development, Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477-0776
| | - Brian Klein
- Research and Early Development, Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477-0776
| | - Ewa Malatynska
- Research and Early Development, Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477-0776
| | - H. Steve White
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112-5820
| | - Michael E. Milewski
- Research and Early Development, Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477-0776
| | - Mark Herb
- Research and Early Development, Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477-0776
| | - Michael F. A. Finley
- Research and Early Development, Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477-0776
| | - Yi Liu
- Research and Early Development, Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477-0776
| | - Mary Lou Lubin
- Research and Early Development, Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477-0776
| | - Ning Qin
- Research and Early Development, Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477-0776
| | - Robert Iannucci
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Raritan, New Jersey 08869-0602
| | - Laurent Leclercq
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Filip Cuyckens
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Allen B. Reitz
- Research and Early Development, Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477-0776
| | - Bruce E. Maryanoff
- Research and Early Development, Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477-0776
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Maryanoff BE, McComsey DF, Lee J, Smith-Swintosky VL, Wang Y, Minor LK, Todd MJ. Carbonic Anhydrase-II Inhibition. What Are the True Enzyme–Inhibitory Properties of the Sulfamide Cognate of Topiramate? J Med Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/jm8004916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Maryanoff BE, McComsey DF, Lee J, Smith-Swintosky VL, Wang Y, Minor LK, Todd MJ. Carbonic anhydrase-II inhibition. what are the true enzyme-inhibitory properties of the sulfamide cognate of topiramate? J Med Chem 2008; 51:2518-21. [PMID: 18363349 DOI: 10.1021/jm7015649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The marketed drug topiramate ( 1) is a moderate inhibitor of carbonic anhydrase-II (CA-II) ( K i or K d = 0.3-0.6 microM), whereas sulfamide cognate 2 is a comparatively weak inhibitor ( K i or K d = 25-650 microM). From an X-ray cocrystal structure of 2.CA-II, Winum et al. ( J. Med. Chem. 2006, 49, 7024) proposed that an adverse steric interaction between the C8 methyl group in 2 and Ala-65 of CA-II is responsible for the diminished CA-II inhibitory potency of 2. We performed a straightforward test of this Ala-65 effect by synthesizing and examining ligand 3, which lacks the offending (pro- S or C8) methyl substituent in 2. We also prepared and evaluated related sulfamides 5, 7, and 9. In a CA-II inhibition assay (4-nitrophenyl acetate), the K i for 3 was approximately 300 microM, indicating very weak inhibition, close to that for 2 (4NPA, K i = 340 microM). In a CA-II binding assay (ThermoFluor), the K d for 3 was >57 microM, indicating very weak binding, lower than the affinity of 2 ( K d = 25 microM). Our results draw into question the proposed steric interaction between the C8 methyl of 2 and Ala-65 of CA-II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce E Maryanoff
- Research & Early Development, Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477-0776, USA.
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Kinney WA, Teleha CA, Thompson AS, Newport M, Hansen R, Ballentine S, Ghosh S, Mahan A, Grasa G, Zanotti-Gerosa A, Dingenen J, Schubert C, Zhou Y, Leo GC, McComsey DF, Santulli RJ, Maryanoff BE. Suzuki−Miyaura Approach to JNJ-26076713, an Orally Active Tetrahydroquinoline-Containing αVβ3/αVβ5 Integrin Antagonist. Enantioselective Synthesis and Stereochemical Studies. J Org Chem 2008; 73:2302-10. [DOI: 10.1021/jo702551t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- William A. Kinney
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Welsh & McKean Roads, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477-0776, J-Star Research, Inc., South Plainfield, New Jersey 07080, Johnson Matthey Catalysis and Chiral Technologies, 2001 Nolte Drive, West Deptford, New Jersey 08066, Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Beerse, Belgium, and Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Raritan, New Jersey 08869
| | - Christopher A. Teleha
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Welsh & McKean Roads, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477-0776, J-Star Research, Inc., South Plainfield, New Jersey 07080, Johnson Matthey Catalysis and Chiral Technologies, 2001 Nolte Drive, West Deptford, New Jersey 08066, Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Beerse, Belgium, and Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Raritan, New Jersey 08869
| | - Andrew S. Thompson
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Welsh & McKean Roads, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477-0776, J-Star Research, Inc., South Plainfield, New Jersey 07080, Johnson Matthey Catalysis and Chiral Technologies, 2001 Nolte Drive, West Deptford, New Jersey 08066, Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Beerse, Belgium, and Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Raritan, New Jersey 08869
| | - Maria Newport
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Welsh & McKean Roads, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477-0776, J-Star Research, Inc., South Plainfield, New Jersey 07080, Johnson Matthey Catalysis and Chiral Technologies, 2001 Nolte Drive, West Deptford, New Jersey 08066, Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Beerse, Belgium, and Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Raritan, New Jersey 08869
| | - Ryan Hansen
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Welsh & McKean Roads, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477-0776, J-Star Research, Inc., South Plainfield, New Jersey 07080, Johnson Matthey Catalysis and Chiral Technologies, 2001 Nolte Drive, West Deptford, New Jersey 08066, Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Beerse, Belgium, and Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Raritan, New Jersey 08869
| | - Scott Ballentine
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Welsh & McKean Roads, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477-0776, J-Star Research, Inc., South Plainfield, New Jersey 07080, Johnson Matthey Catalysis and Chiral Technologies, 2001 Nolte Drive, West Deptford, New Jersey 08066, Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Beerse, Belgium, and Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Raritan, New Jersey 08869
| | - Shyamali Ghosh
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Welsh & McKean Roads, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477-0776, J-Star Research, Inc., South Plainfield, New Jersey 07080, Johnson Matthey Catalysis and Chiral Technologies, 2001 Nolte Drive, West Deptford, New Jersey 08066, Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Beerse, Belgium, and Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Raritan, New Jersey 08869
| | - Andrew Mahan
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Welsh & McKean Roads, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477-0776, J-Star Research, Inc., South Plainfield, New Jersey 07080, Johnson Matthey Catalysis and Chiral Technologies, 2001 Nolte Drive, West Deptford, New Jersey 08066, Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Beerse, Belgium, and Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Raritan, New Jersey 08869
| | - Gabriela Grasa
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Welsh & McKean Roads, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477-0776, J-Star Research, Inc., South Plainfield, New Jersey 07080, Johnson Matthey Catalysis and Chiral Technologies, 2001 Nolte Drive, West Deptford, New Jersey 08066, Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Beerse, Belgium, and Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Raritan, New Jersey 08869
| | - Antonio Zanotti-Gerosa
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Welsh & McKean Roads, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477-0776, J-Star Research, Inc., South Plainfield, New Jersey 07080, Johnson Matthey Catalysis and Chiral Technologies, 2001 Nolte Drive, West Deptford, New Jersey 08066, Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Beerse, Belgium, and Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Raritan, New Jersey 08869
| | - Jules Dingenen
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Welsh & McKean Roads, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477-0776, J-Star Research, Inc., South Plainfield, New Jersey 07080, Johnson Matthey Catalysis and Chiral Technologies, 2001 Nolte Drive, West Deptford, New Jersey 08066, Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Beerse, Belgium, and Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Raritan, New Jersey 08869
| | - Carsten Schubert
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Welsh & McKean Roads, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477-0776, J-Star Research, Inc., South Plainfield, New Jersey 07080, Johnson Matthey Catalysis and Chiral Technologies, 2001 Nolte Drive, West Deptford, New Jersey 08066, Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Beerse, Belgium, and Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Raritan, New Jersey 08869
| | - Yong Zhou
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Welsh & McKean Roads, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477-0776, J-Star Research, Inc., South Plainfield, New Jersey 07080, Johnson Matthey Catalysis and Chiral Technologies, 2001 Nolte Drive, West Deptford, New Jersey 08066, Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Beerse, Belgium, and Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Raritan, New Jersey 08869
| | - Gregory C. Leo
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Welsh & McKean Roads, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477-0776, J-Star Research, Inc., South Plainfield, New Jersey 07080, Johnson Matthey Catalysis and Chiral Technologies, 2001 Nolte Drive, West Deptford, New Jersey 08066, Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Beerse, Belgium, and Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Raritan, New Jersey 08869
| | - David F. McComsey
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Welsh & McKean Roads, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477-0776, J-Star Research, Inc., South Plainfield, New Jersey 07080, Johnson Matthey Catalysis and Chiral Technologies, 2001 Nolte Drive, West Deptford, New Jersey 08066, Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Beerse, Belgium, and Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Raritan, New Jersey 08869
| | - Rosemary J. Santulli
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Welsh & McKean Roads, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477-0776, J-Star Research, Inc., South Plainfield, New Jersey 07080, Johnson Matthey Catalysis and Chiral Technologies, 2001 Nolte Drive, West Deptford, New Jersey 08066, Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Beerse, Belgium, and Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Raritan, New Jersey 08869
| | - Bruce E. Maryanoff
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Welsh & McKean Roads, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477-0776, J-Star Research, Inc., South Plainfield, New Jersey 07080, Johnson Matthey Catalysis and Chiral Technologies, 2001 Nolte Drive, West Deptford, New Jersey 08066, Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Beerse, Belgium, and Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Raritan, New Jersey 08869
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10
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Lee YK, Parks DJ, Lu T, Thieu TV, Markotan T, Pan W, McComsey DF, Milkiewicz KL, Crysler CS, Ninan N, Abad MC, Giardino EC, Maryanoff BE, Damiano BP, Player MR. 7-Fluoroindazoles as Potent and Selective Inhibitors of Factor Xa. J Med Chem 2007; 51:282-97. [DOI: 10.1021/jm701217r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Kai Lee
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Welsh and McKean Roads, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477-0776
| | - Daniel J. Parks
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Welsh and McKean Roads, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477-0776
| | - Tianbao Lu
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Welsh and McKean Roads, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477-0776
| | - Tho V. Thieu
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Welsh and McKean Roads, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477-0776
| | - Thomas Markotan
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Welsh and McKean Roads, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477-0776
| | - Wenxi Pan
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Welsh and McKean Roads, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477-0776
| | - David F. McComsey
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Welsh and McKean Roads, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477-0776
| | - Karen L. Milkiewicz
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Welsh and McKean Roads, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477-0776
| | - Carl S. Crysler
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Welsh and McKean Roads, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477-0776
| | - Nisha Ninan
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Welsh and McKean Roads, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477-0776
| | - Marta C. Abad
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Welsh and McKean Roads, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477-0776
| | - Edward C. Giardino
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Welsh and McKean Roads, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477-0776
| | - Bruce E. Maryanoff
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Welsh and McKean Roads, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477-0776
| | - Bruce P. Damiano
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Welsh and McKean Roads, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477-0776
| | - Mark R. Player
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Welsh and McKean Roads, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477-0776
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11
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Xiang MA, Rybczynski PJ, Patel M, Chen RH, McComsey DF, Zhang HC, Gunnet JW, Look R, Wang Y, Minor LK, Zhong HM, Villani FJ, Demarest KT, Damiano BP, Maryanoff BE. Next-generation spirobenzazepines: Identification of RWJ-676070 as a balanced vasopressin V1a/V2 receptor antagonist for human clinical studies. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:6623-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.09.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2007] [Revised: 09/14/2007] [Accepted: 09/14/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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12
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Shank RP, McComsey DF, Smith-Swintosky VL, Maryanoff BE. Examination of two independent kinetic assays for determining the inhibition of carbonic anhydrases I and II: structure-activity comparison of sulfamates and sulfamides. Chem Biol Drug Des 2006; 68:113-9. [PMID: 16999776 DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-0285.2006.00423.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Enzyme inhibition assays often require deviations from physiological conditions. For carbonic anhydrases, procedures involving native CO(2) and non-native substrates have been used. We compared a native and a non-native substrate in the context of inhibition of human carbonic anhydrases I and II by examining various sulfamate and sulfamide compounds in two kinetic assays: hydration of CO(2) and hydrolysis of 4-nitrophenylacetate. For carbonic anhydrase II, the two assays consistently generated similar K(i) values, with the relative difference between the assays never exceeding 2.5-fold. However, for carbonic anhydrase I there was more variability between the two assays, with K(i) values for three compounds differing by more than 2.5-fold, up to eightfold. In the CO(2) hydration assay, some sulfamates and sulfamides exhibited mixed kinetics or partial inhibition. Our results indicate that K(i) or K(d) values from carbonic anhydrase assays involving non-native substrates should be confirmed by assays that use CO(2) (or HCO), to establish pharmacological relevance. From structure-activity comparisons, the sulfamate is more effective than the sulfamide in inhibiting carbonic anhydrase I and II, but the sulfamate does not confer selectivity. In contrast, the sulfonamide confers selectivity for carbonic anhydrase I (10- to 30-fold). Selectivity for carbonic anhydrase II occurred with the substituted fructose moiety, especially the d-enantiomer (>100-fold).
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard P Shank
- Research & Early Development, Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Spring House, PA 19477-0776, USA
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13
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Maryanoff BE, McComsey DF, Costanzo MJ, Yabut SC, Lu T, Player MR, Giardino EC, Damiano BP. Exploration of potential prodrugs of RWJ-445167, an oxyguanidine-based dual inhibitor of thrombin and factor Xa. Chem Biol Drug Des 2006; 68:29-36. [PMID: 16923023 DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-0285.2006.00408.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Compound 2 (RWJ-445167; 3DP-10017), a dual inhibitor of thrombin and factor Xa, was advanced into human clinical studies. However, its oral bioavailability in humans proved to be below acceptable limits. To address this issue, we explored a prodrug approach involving numerous guanidine derivatives. Prodrug candidates of classes A (carbamate derivatives), B (imidate derivatives), and C (alkyl and acyl derivatives), compounds 3-6, were synthesized and evaluated for anticoagulant activity at 2 h after oral administration to rats. In comparison to the parent drug (2), little worthwhile improvement was observed for the prodrug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce E Maryanoff
- Vascular Research Team, Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Spring House, PA 19477-0776, USA.
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14
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Klinger AL, McComsey DF, Smith-Swintosky V, Shank RP, Maryanoff BE. Inhibition of carbonic anhydrase-II by sulfamate and sulfamide groups: an investigation involving direct thermodynamic binding measurements. J Med Chem 2006; 49:3496-500. [PMID: 16759092 DOI: 10.1021/jm058279n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This paper examines the relative effectiveness of bioisosteric sulfamate and sulfamide derivatives for inhibition of human carbonic anhydrase-II (CA-II) by using a direct binding assay based on the ThermoFluor method (Matulis et al. Biochemistry 2005, 44, 5258). Compounds 1-10, which represent five cognate sulfamate/sulfamide pairs, were studied by ThermoFluor to obtain binding affinities (K(a) values). The corresponding dissociation constants, K(d), provide an independent measure of CA-II activity relative to commonly used K(i) values from enzyme kinetics studies. There was a sizable difference in potency between the sulfamates and sulfamides, with the sulfamides being much less potent, by factors ranging from 25 (7/8) to 1,200 (3/4). These results are consistent with our recent report that sulfamides tend to be much weaker inhibitors of CA-II than their corresponding sulfamates (Maryanoff et al. J. Med. Chem. 2005, 48, 1941). Additionally, for arylsulfamides 10-12 the K(d) values determined by ThermoFluor and the K(i) values determined from enzyme kinetics are consistent. It appears that the sulfamide group is less suitable than the sulfamate group for obtaining potent inhibition of CA-II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra L Klinger
- Research & Early Development, Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477-0776, USA
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15
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Maryanoff BE, McComsey DF, Costanzo MJ, Hochman C, Smith-Swintosky V, Shank RP. Comparison of sulfamate and sulfamide groups for the inhibition of carbonic anhydrase-II by using topiramate as a structural platform. J Med Chem 2005; 48:1941-7. [PMID: 15771438 DOI: 10.1021/jm040124c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This paper examines the relative effectiveness of sulfamate and sulfamide groups for the inhibition of carbonic anhydrase-II (CA-II). Topiramate (1) and its sulfamide analogue 4, and 4,5-cyclic sulfate 6 and its sulfamide analogue 5, were compared for inhibition of human CA-II. A colorimetric assay, based on the pH shift that accompanies hydration of carbon dioxide, and an esterase assay were used. For these bioisosteric pairs, 1/4 and 6/5, the sulfamate compound was markedly more potent than its sulfamide counterpart. A similar, large difference in potency was also observed for the sulfamate/sulfamide pairs 14/15 and 16/17. These results indicate that the sulfamide moiety is not particularly suitable for obtaining potent carbonic anhydrase inhibition. A discussion of this structure-activity relationship with respect to the interactions of 1 and 6 with CA-II from published X-ray data is presented. A metabolic acidosis study was performed in rats with 1, 4, 6, and 2, and the results are discussed with respect to the degree of inhibition of CA-II in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce E Maryanoff
- Drug Discovery, Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477-0776, USA.
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16
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Zhang HC, Derian CK, McComsey DF, White KB, Ye H, Hecker LR, Li J, Addo MF, Croll D, Eckardt AJ, Smith CE, Li Q, Cheung WM, Conway BR, Emanuel S, Demarest KT, Andrade-Gordon P, Damiano BP, Maryanoff BE. Novel Indolylindazolylmaleimides as Inhibitors of Protein Kinase C-β: Synthesis, Biological Activity, and Cardiovascular Safety†. J Med Chem 2005; 48:1725-8. [PMID: 15771419 DOI: 10.1021/jm049478u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Novel indolylindazolylmaleimides were synthesized and examined for kinase inhibition. We identified low-nanomolar inhibitors of PKC-beta with good to excellent selectivity vs other PKC isozymes and GSK-3beta. In a cell-based functional assay, 8f and 8i effectively blocked IL-8 release induced by PKC-betaII (IC(50) = 20-25 nM). In cardiovascular safety assessment, representative lead compounds bound to the hERG channel with high affinity, potently inhibited ion current in a patch-clamp experiment, and caused a dose-dependent increase of QT(c) in guinea pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Cheng Zhang
- Drug Discovery, Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477-0776, USA.
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17
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Zhang HC, White KB, Ye H, McComsey DF, Derian CK, Addo MF, Andrade-Gordon P, Eckardt AJ, Conway BR, Westover L, Xu JZ, Look R, Demarest KT, Emanuel S, Maryanoff BE. Macrocyclic bisindolylmaleimides as inhibitors of protein kinase C and glycogen synthase kinase-3. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2003; 13:3049-53. [PMID: 12941331 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(03)00644-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Efficient methods were developed to synthesize a novel series of macrocyclic bisindolylmaleimides containing linkers with multiple heteroatoms. Potent inhibitors (single digit nanomolar IC(50)) for PKC-beta and GSK-3beta were identified, and compounds showed good selectivity over PKC-alpha, -gamma, -delta, -epsilon, and -zeta. Representative compound 5a also had high selectivity in a screening panel of 10 other protein kinases. In cell-based functional assays, several compounds effectively blocked interleukin-8 release induced by PKC-betaII and increased glycogen synthase activity by inhibiting GSK-3beta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Cheng Zhang
- Drug Discovery, Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Spring House, PA 19477-0776, USA.
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18
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Zhang HC, White KB, McComsey DF, Addo MF, Andrade-Gordon P, Derian CK, Oksenberg D, Maryanoff BE. High-affinity thrombin receptor (PAR-1) ligands: a new generation of indole-based peptide mimetic antagonists with a basic amine at the C-terminus. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2003; 13:2199-203. [PMID: 12798334 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(03)00325-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A new generation of indole-based peptide mimetics, bearing a basic amine at the C-terminus, was developed by the agency of two complementary, multistep, trityl resin-based approaches. Thus, we obtained several high-affinity thrombin receptor (PAR-1) ligands, such as 32 and 34. Compounds 32 and 34 were found to bind to PAR-1 with excellent affinity (IC(50)=25 and 35 nM, respectively) and to effectively block platelet aggregation induced by SFLLRN-NH(2) (TRAP-6) and alpha-thrombin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Cheng Zhang
- Drug Discovery, Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, 19477-0776, Spring House, PA, USA.
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19
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Maryanoff BE, McComsey DF, Dukor RK, Nafie LA, Freedman TB, Cao X, Day VW. Structural studies on McN-5652-X, a high-affinity ligand for the serotonin transporter in mammalian brain. Bioorg Med Chem 2003; 11:2463-70. [PMID: 12735993 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(03)00151-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
McN-5652-X, (+)-1, is a potent, selective inhibitor of serotonin reuptake in mammalian brain. When radiolabeled with (11)C, it has served as a positron-emission tomography (PET) radiotracer for in vivo imaging of central serotonin transporters. We have determined the solid-state structures of (+)-1.HClO(4) and (+)-1.(+)-(2R,3R)-tartrate by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, thereby confirming the trans relative configuration (Chemical Abstracts Service rules of nomenclature) and the 6S,10bR absolute configuration for (+)-1. Results from a vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) study on (+)-1 in CDCl(3) are consistent with the 6S,10bR absolute configuration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce E Maryanoff
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Spring House, PA 19477-0776, USA.
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20
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Maryanoff BE, Molinari AJ, McComsey DF, Maryanoff CA, Wooden GP, Olofson RA. Dealkylation of a tertiary amine group by an intramolecular carbamyl chloride functionality. J Org Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jo00173a054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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21
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Maryanoff BE, McComsey DF. Borane complexes in trifluoroacetic acid. Reduction of indoles to indolines and generation of bis(trifluoroacetoxy)borane. J Org Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jo00407a052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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22
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McComsey DF, Maryanoff BE. Improved Synthesis of Pseudo-.beta.-D-fructopyranose, a Carbocyclic Monosaccharide from (-)-Quinic Acid. J Org Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jo00088a065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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23
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Mills JE, Maryanoff CA, McComsey DF, Stanzione RC, Scott L. Reaction of amines with methylene chloride. Evidence for rapid aminal formation from N-methylenepyrrolidinium chloride and pyrrolidine. J Org Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jo00385a038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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24
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Maryanoff BE, McComsey DF, Almond HR, Mutter MS, Bemis GW, Whittle RR, Olofson RA. Dramatic reversal of diastereoselectivity in an N-acyliminium ion cyclization leading to hexahydropyrrolo[2,1-a]isoquinolines. A case of competing steric interactions. J Org Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jo00358a034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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25
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Maryanoff BE, McComsey DF, Duhl-Emswiler BA. Stereochemistry of intramolecular amidoalkylation reactions in the synthesis of polycyclic isoquinoline derivatives. J Org Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jo00173a053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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26
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Sorgi KL, Maryanoff CA, McComsey DF, Graden DW, Maryanoff BE. Asymmetric induction in an enammonium-iminium rearrangement. Mechanistic insight via NMR, deuterium labeling, and reaction rate studies. Application to the stereoselective synthesis of pyrroloisoquinoline antidepressants. J Am Chem Soc 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ja00165a048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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27
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28
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Maryanoff BE, McComsey DF, Inners RR, Mutter MS, Wooden GP, Mayo SL, Olofson RA. Stereochemical studies on protonated bridgehead amines. Proton NMR determination of cis and trans B-C ring-fused structures for salts of hexahydropyrrolo[2,1-a]isoquinolines and related C ring homologs. Capture of unstable ring-fused structures in the solid state [Erratum to document cited in CA110(17):153489F]. J Am Chem Soc 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ja00202a086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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29
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Maryanoff BE, McComsey DF, Leo GC, Almond HR. Stereospecific enammonium-iminium rearrangements in a benzo[a]quinolizidine system. J Org Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jo00030a027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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30
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Maryanoff BE, McComsey DF, Inners RR, Mutter MS, Wooden GP, Mayo SL, Olofson RA. Stereochemical studies on protonated bridgehead amines. Proton NMR determination of cis and trans B-C ring-fused structures for salts of hexahydropyrrolo[2,1-a]isoquinolines and related C ring homologs. Capture of unstable ring-fused structures in the solid state. J Am Chem Soc 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ja00189a020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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31
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Zhang HC, McComsey DF, White KB, Addo MF, Andrade-Gordon P, Derian CK, Oksenberg D, Maryanoff BE. Thrombin receptor (PAR-1) antagonists. Solid-phase synthesis of indole-based peptide mimetics by anchoring to a secondary amide. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2001; 11:2105-9. [PMID: 11514149 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(01)00378-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel, 10-step, solid-phase method, based on a secondary amide linker, was developed to construct a diverse library of indole-based SFLLR peptide mimetics as thrombin receptor (protease-activated receptor 1, PAR-1) antagonists. The key steps include stepwise reductive alkylation, urea formation, and Mannich reaction. Screening of the library led to a quick development of the SAR and the significant improvement of PAR-1 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- H C Zhang
- Drug Discovery, The R. W. Johnson Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Spring House, PA 19477-0776, USA.
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32
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Andrade-Gordon P, Derian CK, Maryanoff BE, Zhang HC, Addo MF, Damiano BP, D'Andrea MR, Darrow AL, de Garavilla L, Eckardt AJ, Giardino EC, Haertlein BJ, McComsey DF. Administration of a potent antagonist of protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR-1) attenuates vascular restenosis following balloon angioplasty in rats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2001; 298:34-42. [PMID: 11408522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Human platelets possess two distinct thrombin-activated receptors, PAR-1 (protease-activated receptor-1) and PAR-4, whereas human vascular smooth muscle cells possess only PAR-1. Although such thrombin receptors have been studied extensively in vitro, their physiological roles are still rather ill-defined. We have now employed a potent, selective PAR-1 antagonist, RWJ-58259, to probe the in vivo significance of PAR-1 in thrombosis and vascular injury. RWJ-58259 was examined in two thrombosis models in guinea pigs: the arteriovenous (A-V) shunt assay (monitoring thrombus weight) and the Rose Bengal intravascular photoactivation assay (monitoring time to occlusion). Administration of RWJ-58259 (10 mg/kg, total i.v. dose) did not inhibit thrombus formation in either thrombosis model, although local, intrashunt delivery in the A-V shunt model did elicit a modest antithrombotic effect (thrombus weight reduction from 35 +/- 2 to 24 +/- 4 mg). These results are consistent with the presence of more than one thrombin-sensitive receptor on guinea pig platelets, in analogy with human platelets. Indeed, we were able to establish that guinea pig platelets express three thrombin receptors, PAR-1, PAR-3, and PAR-4. We also examined RWJ-58259 in a vascular restenosis model involving balloon angioplasty in rats. Perivascular administration of RWJ-58259 (10 mg) significantly reduced neointimal thickness (77 +/- 5 microm to 45 +/- 5 microm, P < 0.05), clearly demonstrating an important role for PAR-1 in vascular injury. From these results, it is evident that a PAR-1 antagonist is not especially effective for treating platelet-dependent thrombosis; however, it could well be beneficial for treating restenosis attendant to arterial injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Andrade-Gordon
- Drug Discovery, The R. W. Johnson Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477-0776, USA.
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33
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Zhang HC, Derian CK, Andrade-Gordon P, Hoekstra WJ, McComsey DF, White KB, Poulter BL, Addo MF, Cheung WM, Damiano BP, Oksenberg D, Reynolds EE, Pandey A, Scarborough RM, Maryanoff BE. Discovery and optimization of a novel series of thrombin receptor (par-1) antagonists: potent, selective peptide mimetics based on indole and indazole templates. J Med Chem 2001; 44:1021-4. [PMID: 11297447 DOI: 10.1021/jm000506s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H C Zhang
- The R. W. Johnson Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, USA.
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34
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Maryanoff BE, Santulli RJ, McComsey DF, Hoekstra WJ, Hoey K, Smith CE, Addo M, Darrow AL, Andrade-Gordon P. Protease-Activated Receptor-2 (PAR-2): Structure-Function Study of Receptor Activation by Diverse Peptides Related to Tethered-Ligand Epitopes. Arch Biochem Biophys 2001; 386:195-204. [PMID: 11368342 DOI: 10.1006/abbi.2000.2207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR-2) is a tethered-ligand, G-protein-coupled receptor that is activated by proteolytic cleavage or by small peptides derived from its cleaved N-terminal sequence, such as SLIGRL-NH2. To assess specific PAR activity, we developed an immortalized murine PAR-1 (-/-) cell line transfected with either human PAR-2 or PAR-1. A "directed" library of more than 100 PAR agonist peptide analogues was synthesized and evaluated for PAR-2 and PAR-1 activity to establish an in-depth structure-function profile for specific action on PAR-2. The most potent agonist peptides (EC50 = 2-4 microM) had Lys at position 6, Ala at position 4, and pFPhe at position 2; however, these also exhibited potent PAR-1 activity (EC50 = 0.05-0.35 microM). We identified SLIARK-NH2 and SL-Cha-ARL-NH2 as relatively potent, highly selective PAR-2 agonists with EC50 values of 4 microM. Position 1 did not tolerate basic, acidic, or large hydrophobic amino acids. N-Terminal capping by acetyl eliminated PAR-2 activity, although removal of the amino group reduced potency by just 4-fold. At position 2, substitution of Leu by Cha or Phe gave equivalent PAR-2 potency, but this modification also activated PAR-1, whereas Ala, Asp, Lys, or Gln abolished PAR-2 activity; at position 3, Ile and Cha were optimal, although various amino acids were tolerated; at position 4, Ala or Cha increased PAR-2 potency 2-fold, although Cha introduced PAR-1 activity; at position 5, Arg or Lys could be replaced successfully by large hydrophobic amino acids. These results with hexapeptide C-terminal amides that mimic the native PAR-2 ligand indicate structural modes for obtaining optimal PAR-2 activity, which could be useful for the design of PAR-2 antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- B E Maryanoff
- Drug Discovery, The R.W. Johnson Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, USA.
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35
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Hoekstra WJ, Maryanoff BE, Damiano BP, Andrade-Gordon P, Cohen JH, Costanzo MJ, Haertlein BJ, Hecker LR, Hulshizer BL, Kauffman JA, Keane P, McComsey DF, Mitchell JA, Scott L, Shah RD, Yabut SC. Potent, orally active GPIIb/IIIa antagonists containing a nipecotic acid subunit. Structure-activity studies leading to the discovery of RWJ-53308. J Med Chem 1999; 42:5254-65. [PMID: 10602710 DOI: 10.1021/jm990418b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Although intravenously administered antiplatelet fibrinogen receptor (GPIIb/IIIa) antagonists have become established in the acute-care clinical setting for the prevention of thrombosis, orally administered drugs for chronic use are still under development. Herein, we present details from our exploration of structure-activity surrounding the prototype fibrinogen receptor antagonist RWJ-50042 (racemate of 1), which was derived from a unique approach involving the gamma-chain of fibrinogen (Hoekstra et al. J. Med. Chem. 1995, 38, 1582). Our analogue studies culminated in the discovery of RWJ-53308 (2), a potent, orally active GPIIb/IIIa antagonist. To progress from RWJ-50042 to a suitable candidate for clinical development, we conducted a series of optimization cycles that employed solid-phase parallel synthesis for the rapid, efficient preparation of nearly 250 analogues, which were assayed for fibrinogen receptor affinity and inhibition of platelet aggregation induced by four different activators. This strategy produced several promising analogues for advanced study, including 3-(3,4-methylenedioxybenzene)-beta-amino acid analogue 3 (significant improved in vivo potency) and 3-(3-pyridyl)-beta-amino acid 2 (significantly improved potency, oral absorption, and duration of action). In dogs, 2 displayed significant ex vivo antiplatelet activity on oral administration at 1.0 mg/kg, 16% systemic oral bioavailability, minimal metabolic transformation, and an excellent safety profile. Additionally, 2 was found to be efficacious in three in vivo thrombosis models: canine arteriovenous (AV) shunt (0.01-0.1 mg/kg, iv), guinea pig photoactivation-induced injury (0.3-3 mg/kg, iv), and guinea pig ferric chloride-induced injury (0.3-1 mg/kg, iv). On the basis of its noteworthy preclinical data, RWJ-53308 (2) was selected for clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- W J Hoekstra
- Drug Discovery and New Product Research, The R. W. Johnson Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, USA.
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36
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Ceruso MA, McComsey DF, Leo GC, Andrade-Gordon P, Addo MF, Scarborough RM, Oksenberg D, Maryanoff BE. Thrombin receptor-activating peptides (TRAPs): investigation of bioactive conformations via structure-activity, spectroscopic, and computational studies. Bioorg Med Chem 1999; 7:2353-71. [PMID: 10632045 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(99)00180-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The thrombin receptor (PAR-1) is an unusual transmembrane G-protein coupled receptor in that it is activated by serine protease cleavage of its extracellular N-terminus to expose an agonist peptide ligand, which is tethered to the receptor itself. Synthetic peptides containing the agonist motif, such as SFLLRN for human PAR-1, are capable of causing full receptor activation. We have probed the possible bioactive conformations of thrombin receptor-activating peptides (TRAPs) by systematic introduction of certain conformational perturbations, involving alpha-methyl, ester psi(COO), and reduced-amide psi(CH2N) scans, into the minimum-essential agonist sequence (SFLLR) to probe the importance of the backbone conformation and amide NH hydrogen bonding. We performed extensive conformational searches of representative pentapeptides to derive families of putative bioactive structures. In addition, we employed 1H NMR and circular dichroism (CD) to characterize the conformational disposition of certain pentapeptide analogues experimentally. Activation of platelet aggregation by our pentapeptide analogues afforded a structure-function correlation for PAR-1 agonist activity. This correlation was assisted by PAR-1 receptor binding data, which gauged the affinity of peptide ligands for the thrombin receptor independent of a functional cellular response derived from receptor activation (i.e. a pure molecular recognition event). Series of alanine-, proline-, and N-methyl-scan peptides were also evaluated for comparison. Along with the known structural features for PAR-1 agonist peptides, our work adds to the understanding of peptide topography relative to platelet functional activity and PAR-1 binding. The absolute requirement of a positively charged N-terminus for strong agonist activity was contradicted by the N-terminal hydroxyl peptide psi(HO)S-FLLR-NH2. The amide nitrogen between residues 1 and 2 was found to be a determinant of receptor recognition and the carbonyl groups along the backbone may be involved in hydrogen bonding with the receptor. Position 3 (P3) of TRAP-5 is known to tolerate a wide variety of side chains, but we also found that the amide nitrogen at this position can be substituted by an oxygen, as in SF-psi(COO)-LLR-NH2, without diminishing activity. However, this peptide bond is sensitive to conformational changes in that SFPLR-NH2 was active, whereas SF-NMeL-LR-NH2 was not. Additionally, we found that position 3 does not tolerate rigid spacers, such as 3-aminocyclohexane-1-carboxylic acid and 2-aminocycloalkane-1-carboxylic acid, as analogues 1A, 1B, 2A, 2B, 3, 4, 5A and 5B lack agonist activity. On the basis of our results, we suggest that an extended structure of the agonist peptide is principally responsible for receptor recognition (i.e. binding) and that hydrophobic contact may occur between the side chains of the second (Phe) and fourth (Leu) residues (i.e. P2-P4 interaction).
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Ceruso
- The R. W. Johnson Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Spring House, PA 19477, USA
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37
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Andrade-Gordon P, Maryanoff BE, Derian CK, Zhang HC, Addo MF, Darrow AL, Eckardt AJ, Hoekstra WJ, McComsey DF, Oksenberg D, Reynolds EE, Santulli RJ, Scarborough RM, Smith CE, White KB. Design, synthesis, and biological characterization of a peptide-mimetic antagonist for a tethered-ligand receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1999; 96:12257-62. [PMID: 10535908 PMCID: PMC22903 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.96.22.12257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Protease-activated receptors (PARs) represent a unique family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors, which are enzymatically cleaved to expose a truncated extracellular N terminus that acts as a tethered activating ligand. PAR-1 is cleaved and activated by the serine protease alpha-thrombin, is expressed in various tissues (e.g., platelets and vascular cells), and is involved in cellular responses associated with hemostasis, proliferation, and tissue injury. We have discovered a series of potent peptide-mimetic antagonists of PAR-1, exemplified by RWJ-56110. Spatial relationships between important functional groups of the PAR-1 agonist peptide epitope SFLLRN were employed to design and synthesize candidate ligands with appropriate groups attached to a rigid molecular scaffold. Prototype RWJ-53052 was identified and optimized via solid-phase parallel synthesis of chemical libraries. RWJ-56110 emerged as a potent, selective PAR-1 antagonist, devoid of PAR-1 agonist and thrombin inhibitory activity. It binds to PAR-1, interferes with PAR-1 calcium mobilization and cellular function (platelet aggregation; cell proliferation), and has no effect on PAR-2, PAR-3, or PAR-4. By flow cytometry, RWJ-56110 was confirmed as a direct inhibitor of PAR-1 activation and internalization, without affecting N-terminal cleavage. At high concentrations of alpha-thrombin, RWJ-56110 fully blocked activation responses in human vascular cells, albeit not in human platelets; whereas, at high concentrations of SFLLRN-NH(2), RWJ-56110 blocked activation responses in both cell types. Thus, thrombin activates human platelets independently of PAR-1, i.e., through PAR-4, which we confirmed by PCR analysis. Selective PAR-1 antagonists, such as RWJ-56110, should serve as useful tools to study PARs and may have therapeutic potential for treating thrombosis and restenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Andrade-Gordon
- Drug Discovery, The R.W. Johnson Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Spring House, PA 19477, USA
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38
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Maryanoff BE, Nortey SO, McNally JJ, Sanfilippo PJ, McComsey DF, Dubinsky B, Shank RP, Reitz AB. Potential anxiolytic agents. 3. Novel A-ring modified pyrido[1,2-a]benzimidazoles. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1999; 9:1547-52. [PMID: 10386933 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(99)00240-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A variety of pyrido[1,2-a]benzimidazoles (PBIs) modified on the A-ring were prepared and evaluated for affinity to the benzodiazepine binding site on the GABA-A receptor and in animal models predictive of anxiolytic activity in humans. A-ring benzo-fused derivative 7 exhibited potent activity, as did the 6- and 7-pyrido compounds 3 and 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- B E Maryanoff
- Drug Discovery, R.W. Johnson Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Spring House, PA 19477, USA
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39
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McComsey DF, Hawkins MJ, Andrade-Gordon P, Addo MF, Oksenberg D, Maryanoff BE. Heterocycle-peptide hybrid compounds. Aminotriazole-containing agonists of the thrombin receptor (PAR-1). Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1999; 9:1423-8. [PMID: 10360749 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(99)00197-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The thrombin receptor PAR-1 is activated by alpha-thrombin to stimulate cells, including platelets, through the tethered-ligand sequence SFLLRN. We have discovered a novel series of heterocycle-peptide hybrids comprised of a tripeptide segment, such as Cha-Arg-Phe, and an N-terminal heterocyclic group, many of which behave as full PAR-1 agonists. Certain compounds with an aminotriazole group, such as 4 and 16, are nearly as potent as SFLLRN-NH2 in inducing platelet aggregation. Also, some arylethenoyl "N-capped" compounds, such as 52 and 57, exhibit mixed PAR-1 agonist-antagonist activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- D F McComsey
- Drug Discovery, The R. W. Johnson Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Spring House, PA 19477, USA
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McComsey DF, Hecker LR, Andrade-Gordon P, Addo MF, Maryanoff BE. Macrocyclic hexapeptide analogues of the thrombin receptor (PAR-1) activation motif SFLLRN. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1999; 9:255-60. [PMID: 10021940 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(98)00731-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The thrombin receptor (PAR-1) is activated by alpha-thrombin to stimulate various cell types, including platelets, through the tethered-ligand sequence SFLLRN. Macrocyclic peptide analogues of SFLLRN were synthesized and evaluated in vitro. In general, the compounds were much less potent in inducing platelet aggregation relative to SFLLRN-NH2 and did not act as antagonists of alpha-thrombin. Derivative 3c was the most potent macrocycle in activating PAR-1, with an EC50 of 24 microM.
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Affiliation(s)
- D F McComsey
- R. W. Johnson Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Spring House, PA 19477, USA
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41
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Hoekstra WJ, Hulshizer BL, McComsey DF, Andrade-Gordon P, Kauffman JA, Addo MF, Oksenberg D, Scarborough RM, Maryanoff BE. Thrombin receptor (PAR-1) antagonists. Heterocycle-based peptidomimetics of the SFLLR agonist motif. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1998; 8:1649-54. [PMID: 9873407 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(98)00292-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The thrombin receptor (PAR-1) is activated by alpha-thrombin to stimulate various cell types, including platelets, through the tethered-ligand sequence SFLLRN. A series of azole-based carboxamides, designed after SFLLR, were synthesized and evaluated in vitro. The compounds inhibited platelet aggregation induced by SFLLRN-NH2 or alpha-thrombin, and blocked the binding of [3H]-S-(p-F-Phe)-Har-L-Har-KY-NH2 to a CHRF membrane preparation of PAR-1. Oxazole 30 bound to PAR-1 with an IC50 of 1.6 microM, and gave IC50 values of 25 microM and 6.6 microM against alpha-thrombin- and SFLLRN-NH2-induced platelet aggregation, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- W J Hoekstra
- R. W. Johnson Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Spring House, PA 19477, USA
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42
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Abstract
We synthesized 20 and 21 as conformationally constrained analogues of the dopamine receptor antagonist SKF-83742, as well as analogues 6-9, 16, and 18-22. Although 20 and 21 were inactive, 7, 9, and 19 showed strong binding to D-1, D-2, S-2, and alpha-1 receptors, as well as antipsychotic activity in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- B E Maryanoff
- R. W. Johnson Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, USA
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Maryanoff BE, McComsey DF, Craig JC. Chiroptical properties and absolute configuration of pyrroloisoquinoline antidepressants. Chirality 1998. [DOI: 10.1002/chir.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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45
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Maryanoff BE, McComsey DF, Ho W, Shank RP, Dubinsky B. Potential anxiolytic agents. 2. Improvement of oral efficacy for the pyrido[1,2-a]benzimidazole (PBI) class of GABA-A receptor modulators. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0960-894x(96)00025-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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46
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Maryanoff BE, Ho W, McComsey DF, Reitz AB, Grous PP, Nortey SO, Shank RP, Dubinsky B, Taylor RJ, Gardocki JF. Potential anxiolytic agents. Pyrido[1,2-a]benzimidazoles: a new structural class of ligands for the benzodiazepine binding site on GABA-A receptors. J Med Chem 1995; 38:16-20. [PMID: 7837226 DOI: 10.1021/jm00001a005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- B E Maryanoff
- Drug Discovery, R. W. Johnson Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477
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47
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E. Maryanoff B, O. Nortey S, F. McComsey D. Stereochemical Observations in the Synthesis of Novel 1,4,5,9b-Tetrahydro-5-phenyl-2H-azeto[2,1-a]isoquinolin-2-one Derivatives. HETEROCYCLES 1993. [DOI: 10.3987/com-92-s(t)107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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48
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Sorgi KL, Maryanoff CA, McComsey DF, Graden DW, Maryanoff BE. Asymmetric induction in an enammonium-iminium rearrangement. Mechanistic insight via NMR, deuterium labeling, and reaction rate studies. Application to the stereoselective synthesis of pyrroloisoquinoline antidepressants [Erratum to document cited in CA112(21):197319w]. J Am Chem Soc 1990. [DOI: 10.1021/ja00178a084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abstract
A collection of hexahydropyrroloisoquinoline derivatives (1-22), which represent a class of compounds that inhibit the neuronal uptake of dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE), and serotonin (5-HT), was investigated in vivo for serotonin-potentiating properties in the mouse head-twitch and rat serotonin syndrome assays. The p-methylthio compound 3b (McN-5652-Z) was found to possess exceptional activity in these assays, and the activity was attributable almost exclusively to the (+)-6S,10bR enantiomer. Ten closely related analogues were synthesized, tested, and compared among themselves and with some previously prepared compounds, both in vivo and in vitro. Several trans diastereomers exhibited strong inhibition of 5-HT uptake and substantial potentiation of 5-HT, while the cis diastereomers (3a, 4a, and 10a) tested were virtually devoid of such activity. Although 3b was only moderately selective in inhibiting the uptake of 5-HT vs NE, its 10-substituted analogues 4b, 7b-9b had improved 5-HT selectivity relative to NE, to the extent of 20-25 times (150-200 times relative to DA). Of these more selective compounds (in vitro), only 4b and 7b had substantial activity in vivo. Sulfoxide 11b appeared to function as a prodrug of 3b in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- B E Maryanoff
- Department of Chemical Research, McNeil Pharmaceutical, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477
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50
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Shank RP, Vaught JL, Pelley KA, Setler PE, McComsey DF, Maryanoff BE. McN-5652: a highly potent inhibitor of serotonin uptake. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1988; 247:1032-8. [PMID: 2905001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
McN-5652 is one of a series of substituted pyrrolo-isoquinolines that, as a group, potently inhibit the uptake of one or more of the monoamines, norepinephrine, serotonin and dopamine. McN-5652 is characterized by exceptionally high potency as an inhibitor of the uptake of serotonin by rat brain synaptosomes in vitro (Ki approximately 0.6 nM) and ex vivo (ED50 approximately 2 mg/kg p.o.). The high potency of McN-5652 as a serotonin uptake inhibitor in vivo is indicated further by the low doses required to potentiate L-5-hydroxytryptophan-induced head twitches in mice (ED50 = 0.4 mg/kg 2 hr after p.o. dosing) and the serotonin syndrome in rats (ED50 = 1.5 mg/kg 2 hr after p.o. dosing). McN-5652 also potently inhibited the synaptosomal uptake of norepinephrine (Ki approximately 3 nM) and was a moderately potent inhibitor of the synaptosomal uptake of dopamine (Ki approximately 40 nM). McN-5652 inhibited tetrabenazine-induced ptosis in rats and mice but was much less effective in blocking the sedation caused by tetrabenazine. In rats, McN-5652 did not induce the stereotyped behavior often caused by dopamine agonists and inhibitors of dopamine uptake. Receptor binding experiments indicated that McN-5652 has a weak affinity for serotonin 5-HT2 and alpha-1 adrenergic receptors (apparent Ki approximately 200 nM) and a very low affinity for dopamine D1 and D2 receptors, serotonin 5-HT1, alpha-2 adrenergic, muscarinic and gamma-aminobutyric acid-A receptors. Experiments using the guinea pig ileum indicate that McN-5652 is a weak, noncompetitive antagonist of histamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- R P Shank
- Department of Biological Research, McNeil Pharmaceutical, Spring House, Pennsylvania
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