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Ramos GP, Bamidele AO, Klatt EE, Sagstetter MR, Kurdi AT, Hamdan FH, Kosinsky RL, Gaballa JM, Nair A, Sun Z, Dasari S, Lanza IR, Rozeveld CN, Schott MB, Urrutia G, Westphal MS, Clarkson BD, Howe CL, Marietta EV, Luckey DH, Murray JA, Gonzalez M, Braga Neto MB, Gibbons HR, Smyrk TC, Johnsen S, Lomberk G, Faubion WA. G9a Modulates Lipid Metabolism in CD4 T Cells to Regulate Intestinal Inflammation. Gastroenterology 2023; 164:256-271.e10. [PMID: 36272457 PMCID: PMC9892272 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2022.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Although T-cell intrinsic expression of G9a has been associated with murine intestinal inflammation, mechanistic insight into the role of this methyltransferase in human T-cell differentiation is ill defined, and manipulation of G9a function for therapeutic use against inflammatory disorders is unexplored. METHODS Human naive T cells were isolated from peripheral blood and differentiated in vitro in the presence of a G9a inhibitor (UNC0642) before being characterized via the transcriptome (RNA sequencing), chromatin accessibility (assay for transposase-accessible chromatin by sequencing), protein expression (cytometry by time of flight, flow cytometry), metabolism (mitochondrial stress test, ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-tandem mas spectroscopy) and function (T-cell suppression assay). The in vivo role of G9a was assessed using 3 murine models. RESULTS We discovered that pharmacologic inhibition of G9a enzymatic function in human CD4 T cells led to spontaneous generation of FOXP3+ T cells (G9a-inibitors-T regulatory cells [Tregs]) in vitro that faithfully reproduce human Tregs, functionally and phenotypically. Mechanistically, G9a inhibition altered the transcriptional regulation of genes involved in lipid biosynthesis in T cells, resulting in increased intracellular cholesterol. Metabolomic profiling of G9a-inibitors-Tregs confirmed elevated lipid pathways that support Treg development through oxidative phosphorylation and enhanced lipid membrane composition. Pharmacologic G9a inhibition promoted Treg expansion in vivo upon antigen (gliadin) stimulation and ameliorated acute trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced colitis secondary to tissue-specific Treg development. Finally, Tregs lacking G9a expression (G9a-knockout Tregs) remain functional chronically and can rescue T-cell transfer-induced colitis. CONCLUSION G9a inhibition promotes cholesterol metabolism in T cells, favoring a metabolic profile that facilitates Treg development in vitro and in vivo. Our data support the potential use of G9a inhibitors in the treatment of immune-mediated conditions including inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Piovezani Ramos
- Epigenetics and Chromatin Dynamics Laboratory, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Adebowale O Bamidele
- Epigenetics and Chromatin Dynamics Laboratory, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Emily E Klatt
- Epigenetics and Chromatin Dynamics Laboratory, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Mary R Sagstetter
- Epigenetics and Chromatin Dynamics Laboratory, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Ahmed T Kurdi
- Epigenetics and Chromatin Dynamics Laboratory, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Feda H Hamdan
- Epigenetics and Chromatin Dynamics Laboratory, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Robyn Laura Kosinsky
- Epigenetics and Chromatin Dynamics Laboratory, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Joseph M Gaballa
- Epigenetics and Chromatin Dynamics Laboratory, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Asha Nair
- Division of Computational Biology, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Zhifu Sun
- Division of Computational Biology, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | - Ian R Lanza
- Metabolomics Core, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Cody N Rozeveld
- Department of Biology, Northwestern College, Orange City, Iowa
| | - Micah B Schott
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Guillermo Urrutia
- Genomic Sciences and Precision Medicine Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin; Division of Research Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Maria S Westphal
- Epigenetics and Chromatin Dynamics Laboratory, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | - Charles L Howe
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Eric V Marietta
- Epigenetics and Chromatin Dynamics Laboratory, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - David H Luckey
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Joseph A Murray
- Epigenetics and Chromatin Dynamics Laboratory, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Michelle Gonzalez
- Epigenetics and Chromatin Dynamics Laboratory, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Manuel B Braga Neto
- Epigenetics and Chromatin Dynamics Laboratory, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Hunter R Gibbons
- Epigenetics and Chromatin Dynamics Laboratory, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Thomas C Smyrk
- Epigenetics and Chromatin Dynamics Laboratory, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Steven Johnsen
- Robert Bosch Center for Tumor Diseases, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Gwen Lomberk
- Genomic Sciences and Precision Medicine Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin; Division of Research Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - William A Faubion
- Epigenetics and Chromatin Dynamics Laboratory, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
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Bodkhe R, Marietta EV, Balakrishnan B, Luckey DH, Horwath IE, Shouche YS, Taneja V, Murray JA. Human gut-derived commensal suppresses generation of T-cell response to gliadin in humanized mice by modulating gut microbiota. Anaerobe 2020; 68:102237. [PMID: 32721554 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2020.102237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The human intestinal tract is colonized by a large number of diverse microorganisms that play various important physiologic functions. In inflammatory gut diseases including celiac disease (CeD), a dysbiotic state of microbiome has been observed. Interestingly, this perturbed microbiome is normalized towards eubiosis in patients showing recovery after treatment. The treatment has been observed to increase the abundance of beneficial microbes in comparison to non-treated patients. In this study, we investigated the effect of Prevotella histicola or Prevotella melaninogenica, isolated from the duodenum of a treated CeD patient, on the induction and maintenance of oral tolerance to gliadin, a CeD associated subgroup of gluten proteins, in NOD.DQ8.ABo transgenic mice. Conventionally raised mice on a gluten free diet were orally gavaged with bacteria before and after injection with pepsin trypsin digested gliadin (PTD-gliadin). P. histicola suppressed the cellular response to gliadin, whereas P. melaninogenica failed to suppress an immune response against gliadin. Interestingly, tolerance to gliadin in NOD.DQ8.ABo mice may be associated with gut microbiota as mice gavaged with P melaninogenica harbored a different microbial diversity as compared to P. histicola treated mice. This study provides experimental evidence that gut microbes like P. histicola from treated patients can suppress the immune response against gliadin epitopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Bodkhe
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; The YSS Lab, National Centre for Microbial Resource, National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, India
| | - Eric V Marietta
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - David H Luckey
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Irina E Horwath
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Yogesh S Shouche
- The YSS Lab, National Centre for Microbial Resource, National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, India
| | - Veena Taneja
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
| | - Joseph A Murray
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA.
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Marietta EV, Murray JA, Luckey DH, Jeraldo PR, Lamba A, Patel R, Luthra HS, Mangalam A, Taneja V. Suppression of Inflammatory Arthritis by Human Gut-Derived Prevotella histicola in Humanized Mice. Arthritis Rheumatol 2017; 68:2878-2888. [PMID: 27337150 DOI: 10.1002/art.39785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The gut microbiome regulates host immune homeostasis. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is associated with intestinal dysbiosis. This study was undertaken to test the ability of a human gut-derived commensal to modulate immune response and treat arthritis in a humanized mouse model. METHODS We isolated a commensal bacterium, Prevotella histicola, that is native to the human gut and has systemic immune effects when administered enterally. Arthritis-susceptible HLA-DQ8 mice were immunized with type II collagen and treated with P histicola. Disease incidence, onset, and severity were monitored. Changes in gut epithelial proteins and immune response as well as systemic cellular and humoral immune responses were studied in treated mice. RESULTS When treated with P histicola in prophylactic or therapeutic protocols, DQ8 mice exhibited significantly decreased incidence and severity of arthritis compared to controls. The microbial mucosal modulation of arthritis was dependent on regulation by CD103+ dendritic cells and myeloid suppressors (CD11b+Gr-1+ cells) and by generation of Treg cells (CD4+CD25+FoxP3+) in the gut, resulting in suppression of antigen-specific Th17 responses and increased transcription of interleukin-10. Treatment with P histicola led to reduced intestinal permeability by increasing expression of enzymes that produce antimicrobial peptides as well as tight junction proteins (zonula occludens 1 and occludin). However, the innate immune response via Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) and TLR-9 was not affected in treated mice. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that enteral exposure to P histicola suppresses arthritis via mucosal regulation. P histicola is a unique commensal that can be explored as a novel therapy for RA and may have few or no side effects.
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Chen J, Chia N, Kalari KR, Yao JZ, Novotna M, Paz Soldan MM, Luckey DH, Marietta EV, Jeraldo PR, Chen X, Weinshenker BG, Rodriguez M, Kantarci OH, Nelson H, Murray JA, Mangalam AK. Multiple sclerosis patients have a distinct gut microbiota compared to healthy controls. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28484. [PMID: 27346372 PMCID: PMC4921909 DOI: 10.1038/srep28484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 523] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated disease, the etiology of which involves both genetic and environmental factors. The exact nature of the environmental factors responsible for predisposition to MS remains elusive; however, it’s hypothesized that gastrointestinal microbiota might play an important role in pathogenesis of MS. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate whether gut microbiota are altered in MS by comparing the fecal microbiota in relapsing remitting MS (RRMS) (n = 31) patients to that of age- and gender-matched healthy controls (n = 36). Phylotype profiles of the gut microbial populations were generated using hypervariable tag sequencing of the V3–V5 region of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene. Detailed fecal microbiome analyses revealed that MS patients had distinct microbial community profile compared to healthy controls. We observed an increased abundance of Psuedomonas, Mycoplana, Haemophilus, Blautia, and Dorea genera in MS patients, whereas control group showed increased abundance of Parabacteroides, Adlercreutzia and Prevotella genera. Thus our study is consistent with the hypothesis that MS patients have gut microbial dysbiosis and further study is needed to better understand their role in the etiopathogenesis of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Chen
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics-Department of Health Sciences Research Mayo Clinic, 200 1st ST SW, Rochester, MN -55905, USA
| | - Nicholas Chia
- Department of Surgical Research Mayo Clinic, 200 1st ST SW, Rochester, MN -55905, USA.,Department of Biophysics Mayo Clinic, 200 1st ST SW, Rochester, MN -55905, USA
| | - Krishna R Kalari
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics-Department of Health Sciences Research Mayo Clinic, 200 1st ST SW, Rochester, MN -55905, USA
| | - Janet Z Yao
- Department of Surgical Research Mayo Clinic, 200 1st ST SW, Rochester, MN -55905, USA
| | - Martina Novotna
- Mayo Clinic Center for Multiple Sclerosis and CNS Demyelinating Diseases, Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 1st ST SW, Rochester, MN-55905, USA.,International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Pekařská 53, 656 91 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - M Mateo Paz Soldan
- Mayo Clinic Center for Multiple Sclerosis and CNS Demyelinating Diseases, Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 1st ST SW, Rochester, MN-55905, USA
| | - David H Luckey
- Department of Immunology Mayo Clinic, 200 1st ST SW, Rochester, MN -55905, USA
| | - Eric V Marietta
- Department of Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN-55905, USA
| | - Patricio R Jeraldo
- Department of Surgical Research Mayo Clinic, 200 1st ST SW, Rochester, MN -55905, USA
| | - Xianfeng Chen
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics-Department of Health Sciences Research Mayo Clinic, 200 1st ST SW, Rochester, MN -55905, USA
| | - Brian G Weinshenker
- Mayo Clinic Center for Multiple Sclerosis and CNS Demyelinating Diseases, Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 1st ST SW, Rochester, MN-55905, USA
| | - Moses Rodriguez
- Mayo Clinic Center for Multiple Sclerosis and CNS Demyelinating Diseases, Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 1st ST SW, Rochester, MN-55905, USA.,Department of Immunology Mayo Clinic, 200 1st ST SW, Rochester, MN -55905, USA
| | - Orhun H Kantarci
- Mayo Clinic Center for Multiple Sclerosis and CNS Demyelinating Diseases, Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 1st ST SW, Rochester, MN-55905, USA
| | - Heidi Nelson
- Department of Surgical Research Mayo Clinic, 200 1st ST SW, Rochester, MN -55905, USA
| | - Joseph A Murray
- Department of Immunology Mayo Clinic, 200 1st ST SW, Rochester, MN -55905, USA.,Department of Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN-55905, USA
| | - Ashutosh K Mangalam
- Department of Immunology Mayo Clinic, 200 1st ST SW, Rochester, MN -55905, USA.,Department of Pathology, 25 S Grand Ave, 1080-ML, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA-52242, USA
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Marietta EV, Gomez AM, Yeoman C, Tilahun AY, Clark CR, Luckey DH, Murray JA, White BA, Kudva YC, Rajagopalan G. Low incidence of spontaneous type 1 diabetes in non-obese diabetic mice raised on gluten-free diets is associated with changes in the intestinal microbiome. PLoS One 2013; 8:e78687. [PMID: 24236037 PMCID: PMC3827256 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human and animal studies strongly suggest that dietary gluten could play a causal role in the etiopathogenesis of type 1 diabetes (T1D). However, the mechanisms have not been elucidated. Recent reports indicate that the intestinal microbiome has a major influence on the incidence of T1D. Since diet is known to shape the composition of the intestinal microbiome, we investigated using non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice whether changes in the intestinal microbiome could be attributed to the pro- and anti-diabetogenic effects of gluten-containing and gluten-free diets, respectively. NOD mice were raised on gluten-containing chows (GCC) or gluten-free chows (GFC). The incidence of diabetes was determined by monitoring blood glucose levels biweekly using a glucometer. Intestinal microbiome composition was analyzed by sequencing 16S rRNA amplicons derived from fecal samples. First of all, GCC-fed NOD mice had the expected high incidence of hyperglycemia whereas NOD mice fed with a GFC had significantly reduced incidence of hyperglycemia. Secondly, when the fecal microbiomes were compared, Bifidobacterium, Tannerella, and Barnesiella species were increased (p = 0.03, 0.02, and 0.02, respectively) in the microbiome of GCC mice, where as Akkermansia species was increased (p = 0.02) in the intestinal microbiomes of NOD mice fed GFC. Thirdly, both of the gluten-free chows that were evaluated, either egg white based (EW-GFC) or casein based (C-GFC), significantly reduced the incidence of hyperglycemia. Interestingly, the gut microbiome from EW-GFC mice was similar to C-GFC mice. Finally, adding back gluten to the gluten-free diet reversed its anti-diabetogenic effect, reduced Akkermansia species and increased Bifidobacterium, Tannerella, and Barnesiella suggesting that the presence of gluten is directly responsible for the pro-diabetogenic effects of diets and it determines the gut microflora. Our novel study thus suggests that dietary gluten could modulate the incidence of T1D by changing the gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric V. Marietta
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
- Department of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
- * E-mail: (EVM); (GR)
| | - Andres M. Gomez
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Carl Yeoman
- Department of Animal & Range Sciences, College of Agriculture, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, United States of America
| | - Ashenafi Y. Tilahun
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Chad R. Clark
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - David H. Luckey
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Joseph A. Murray
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Bryan A. White
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Yogish C. Kudva
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, & Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Govindarajan Rajagopalan
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
- * E-mail: (EVM); (GR)
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