1
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Dunne CL, Viguers K, Osman S, Queiroga AC, Szpilman D, Peden AE. A 2-year prospective evaluation of airway clearance devices in foreign body airway obstructions. Resusc Plus 2023; 16:100496. [PMID: 38026136 PMCID: PMC10658362 DOI: 10.1016/j.resplu.2023.100496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim To collect, analyze and report the first prospective, industry-independent, data on airway clearance devices as novel foreign body airway obstruction interventions. Methods We recruited adult airway clearance device users between July 1, 2021 and June 30, 2023 using a centralized website and email follow-up. The data collection tool captured patient, responder, situation, and outcome variables. Multi-step respondent validation occurred using electronic and geolocation verification, a random selection follow-up process, and physician review of all submitted cases. Results We recruited 186 airway clearance device users (LifeVac©:157 [84.4%]; Dechoker©:29 [15.6%]). LifeVac© was the last intervention before foreign body airway obstruction relief in 151 of 157 cases. Of these, 150 survived to discharge. A basic life support intervention was used before LifeVac© in 119 cases, including the 6 cases where LifeVac© also failed. We identified two adverse events using LifeVac© (perioral bruising), while we could not ascertain whether another 7 were due to the foreign body or LifeVac© (3 = airway edema; 3 = oropharyngeal abrasions; 1 = esophageal perforation). Dechoker© was the last intervention before obstruction relief in 27 of 29 cases and all cases survived. A basic life support intervention was used before Dechoker© in 21 cases, including both where Dechoker© also failed. We identified one adverse event using Dechoker© (oropharyngeal abrasions). Conclusion Within these cases, airway clearance devices appear to be effective at relieving foreign body airway obstructions. However, this data should be considered preliminary and hypothesis generating due to several limitations. We urge the resuscitation community to proactively evaluate airway clearance devices to ensure the public remains updated with best practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody L Dunne
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- International Drowning Researchers’ Alliance, Kuna, Idaho, USA
| | - Kayla Viguers
- Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Selena Osman
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ana Catarina Queiroga
- International Drowning Researchers’ Alliance, Kuna, Idaho, USA
- EPIUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Porto Portugal
| | - David Szpilman
- International Drowning Researchers’ Alliance, Kuna, Idaho, USA
- Brazilian Lifesaving Society (SOBRASA), Barra da Tijuca, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Amy E Peden
- International Drowning Researchers’ Alliance, Kuna, Idaho, USA
- School of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
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2
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Bierens J, Bray J, Abelairas-Gomez C, Barcala-Furelos R, Beerman S, Claesson A, Dunne C, Fukuda T, Jayashree M, T Lagina A, Li L, Mecrow T, Morgan P, Schmidt A, Seesink J, Sempsrott J, Szpilman D, Thom O, Tobin J, Webber J, Johnson S, Perkins GD. A systematic review of interventions for resuscitation following drowning. Resusc Plus 2023; 14:100406. [PMID: 37424769 PMCID: PMC10323217 DOI: 10.1016/j.resplu.2023.100406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives The International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation, in collaboration with drowning researchers from around the world, aimed to review the evidence addressing seven key resuscitation interventions: 1) immediate versus delayed resuscitation; (2) compression first versus ventilation first strategy; (3) compression-only CPR versus standard CPR (compressions and ventilations); (4) ventilation with and without equipment; (5) oxygen administration prior to hospital arrival; (6) automated external defibrillation first versus cardiopulmonary resuscitation first strategy; (7) public access defibrillation programmes. Methods The review included studies relating to adults and children who had sustained a cardiac arrest following drowning with control groups and reported patient outcomes. Searches were run from database inception through to April 2023. The following databases were searched Ovid MEDLINE, Pre-Medline, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Risk of bias was assessed using the ROBINS-I tool and the certainty of evidence was assessed using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation. The findings are reported as a narrative synthesis. Results Three studies were included for two of the seven interventions (2,451 patients). No randomised controlled trials were identified. A retrospective observational study reported in-water resuscitation with rescue breaths improved patient outcomes compared to delayed resuscitation on land (n = 46 patients, very low certainty of evidence). The two observational studies (n = 2,405 patients), comparing compression-only with standard resuscitation, reported no difference for most outcomes. A statistically higher rate of survival to hospital discharge was reported for the standard resuscitation group in one of these studies (29.7% versus 18.1%, adjusted odds ratio 1.54 (95% confidence interval 1.01-2.36) (very low certainty of evidence). Conclusion The key finding of this systematic review is the paucity of evidence, with control groups, to inform treatment guidelines for resuscitation in drowning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joost Bierens
- Extreme Environments Laboratory, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Janet Bray
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Cristian Abelairas-Gomez
- CLINURSID Research Group and Faculty of Education Sciences, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Roberto Barcala-Furelos
- REMOSS Research Group, Faculty of Education and Sport Sciences, Universidade de Vigo. Pontevedra, Spain
| | | | - Andreas Claesson
- Centre for Resuscitation Science, Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cody Dunne
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada
| | - Tatsuma Fukuda
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Toranomon Hospital, Federation of National Public Service Personnel Mutual Aid Associations, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Muralidharan Jayashree
- Department of Pediatrics. Advanced Pediatrics Centre, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Anthony T Lagina
- School of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, USA
| | - Lei Li
- School of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tom Mecrow
- Royal National Lifeboat Institution, West Quay Road, Poole, Dorset, UK
| | - Patrick Morgan
- Extreme Environments Laboratory, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Andrew Schmidt
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida-Jacksonville, Jacksonville, USA
| | - Jeroen Seesink
- Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Department of Anaesthesiology, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - David Szpilman
- Brazilian Lifesaving Society, SOBRASA, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ogilvie Thom
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | - Joshua Tobin
- UT Health San Antonio, Dept of Anesthesiology, San Antonio, USA
| | - Jonathon Webber
- Department of Anaesthesiology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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3
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Szpilman D, Gaino Pinheiro A, Madormo S, Palacios-Aguilar J, Otero-Agra M, Blitvich J, Barcala-Furelos R. Análisis del riesgo de ahogamiento asociado al entorno acuático y competencia natatoria. RIMCAFD 2022. [DOI: 10.15366/rimcafd2022.88.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Un alto nivel de natación puede ser un factor protector ante el ahogamiento, sin embargo, esta relación todavía no ha sido empíricamente demostrada, en base al nivel de habilidad y entorno acuático. Este estudio diseñó una matriz de riesgo de ahogamiento en base al análisis probabilístico de un cuestionario respondido por 3.181 participantes. Se analizó la ocurrencia de Estrés/Distrés acuático (EDA) en base a 5 niveles de competencia y tres entornos acuáticos: a) Piscina sin olas ni corrientes, b) Lagos, embalses, ríos y playas sin olas ni corrientes, c) Ríos, playas o piscinas con olas y/o corrientes. Los resultados se expresaron en Odds Ratio (OR). El riesgo de EDA superó el OR de 25 en el entorno más peligroso y se incrementó para todos los escenarios conforme la competencia acuática era peor. Tres de cada cuatro nadadores han sufrido EDA y este evento pudo ser un incentivo para mejorar sus competencias acuáticas.
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Dunne CL, Osman S, Viguers K, Queiroga AC, Szpilman D, Peden AE. Phase One of a Global Evaluation of Suction-Based Airway Clearance Devices in Foreign Body Airway Obstructions: A Retrospective Descriptive Analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:ijerph19073846. [PMID: 35409529 PMCID: PMC8998090 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19073846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Background: Choking is a prevalent source of injury and mortality worldwide. Traditional choking interventions, including abdominal thrusts and back blows, have remained the standard of care for decades despite limited published data. Suction-based airway clearance devices (ACDs) are becoming increasingly popular and there is an urgent need to evaluate their role in choking intervention. The aim of this study was to describe the effectiveness (i.e., resolution of choking symptoms) and safety (i.e., adverse events) of identified airway clearance devices interventions to date. Methods: This retrospective descriptive analysis included any individual who self-identified to manufacturers as having used an ACD as a choking intervention prior to 1 July 2021. Records were included if they contained three clinical variables (patient’s age, type of foreign body, and resolution of choking symptoms). Researchers performed data extraction using a standardized form which included patient, situational, and outcome variables. Results: The analysis included 124 non-invasive (LifeVac©) and 61 minimally invasive (Dechoker©) ACD interventions. Median patient age was 40 (LifeVac©, 2−80) and 73 (Dechoker©, 5−84) with extremes of age being most common [<5 years: LifeVac© 37.1%, Dechoker© 23.0%; 80+ years: 27.4%, 37.7%]. Food was the most frequent foreign body (LifeVac© 84.7%, Dechoker© 91.8%). Abdominal thrusts (LifeVac© 37.9%, Dechoker© 31.1%) and back blows (LifeVac© 39.5%, Dechoker© 41.0%) were often co-interventions. Resolution of choking symptoms occurred following use of the ACD in 123 (LifeVac©) and 60 (Dechoker©) cases. Three adverse events (1.6%) were reported: disconnection of bellows/mask during intervention (LifeVac©), a lip laceration (Dechoker©), and an avulsed tooth (Dechoker©). Conclusion: Initial available data has shown ACDs to be promising in the treatment of choking. However, limitations in data collection methods and quality exist. The second phase of this evaluation will be an industry independent, prospective assessment in order to improve data quality, and inform future choking intervention algorithms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody L. Dunne
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N2T9, Canada
- International Drowning Researchers’ Alliance, Kuna, ID 83634, USA; (A.C.Q.); (D.S.); (A.E.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Selena Osman
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N4N1, Canada;
| | - Kayla Viguers
- Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1C5S7, Canada;
| | - Ana Catarina Queiroga
- International Drowning Researchers’ Alliance, Kuna, ID 83634, USA; (A.C.Q.); (D.S.); (A.E.P.)
- EPIUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - David Szpilman
- International Drowning Researchers’ Alliance, Kuna, ID 83634, USA; (A.C.Q.); (D.S.); (A.E.P.)
- Brazilian Lifesaving Society (SOBRASA), Barra da Tijuca, Rio de Janeiro 22631-004, Brazil
| | - Amy E. Peden
- International Drowning Researchers’ Alliance, Kuna, ID 83634, USA; (A.C.Q.); (D.S.); (A.E.P.)
- School of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
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5
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Queiroga AC, Szpilman D, Sempsrott J. Management of a Drowned Person After Low-Voltage Electrocution While Attempting a Rescue on a River. Am Surg 2021; 88:317-318. [PMID: 33847175 DOI: 10.1177/00031348211011147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Catarina Queiroga
- IDRA - International Drowning Researchers Alliance, Kuna, ID, USA.,EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - David Szpilman
- IDRA - International Drowning Researchers Alliance, Kuna, ID, USA.,Sociedade Brasileira de Salvamento Aquático - SOBRASA, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Justin Sempsrott
- IDRA - International Drowning Researchers Alliance, Kuna, ID, USA
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6
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Dunne CL, Madill J, Peden AE, Valesco B, Lippmann J, Szpilman D, Queiroga AC. An underappreciated cause of ocean-related fatalities: A systematic review on the epidemiology, risk factors, and treatment of snorkelling-related drowning. Resusc Plus 2021; 6:100103. [PMID: 34223365 PMCID: PMC8244300 DOI: 10.1016/j.resplu.2021.100103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim Snorkelling is a popular aquatic activity which may result in fatal and non-fatal drowning. However, little is known about the scale of injury, factors impacting risk and strategies for prevention. This review assesses the current literature on snorkelling-related drowning with the aim of assessing available data, improving safety recommendations and reducing the global mortality burden. Methods A systematic review of peer-reviewed literature in English, Spanish and Portuguese language published between 1 January 1980 and 31 October 2020 was conducted using the PRISMA guidelines. CINAHL Complete, Embase, Medline (Ovid), PubMed, SafetyLit, SportDiscus and grey literature were searched to identify studies reporting the incidence of fatal and non-fatal snorkelling-related drowning, or associated risk factors, prevention strategies, treatments or casualty characteristics. Quality was assessed using the NIH Quality Assessment Tool. Results Forty-three studies were included (26 reporting population data, 17 case series), of which 27 (62.8%) studies reported data from Australia. Incidence was reported as about 8% of total ocean-related drownings. Case series documented 144 fatalities over 17 years. Frequent casualty characteristics include male (82.6%), pre-existing heart disease (59.4%), tourists (73%) who were inexperienced (71.0%), and lack of a buddy system (89.6%). Two at-risk profiles identified were older adult tourists with pre-existing medical conditions and local, experienced spearfishers. Twenty-two expert recommendations were developed to improve the safety of snorkellers related to individuals, tourism companies, government agencies and diving organisations. Conclusion Snorkelling-related drownings are not infrequent, and there are many opportunities to improve the safety of this activity based on available data.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Dunne
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Medical Committee, Internatinoal Life Saving Federation, Belgium.,International Drowning Researchers' Alliance (IDRA), Idaho, United States
| | - J Madill
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - A E Peden
- International Drowning Researchers' Alliance (IDRA), Idaho, United States.,School of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - B Valesco
- International Drowning Researchers' Alliance (IDRA), Idaho, United States.,Office of Public Health Preparedness, Maui District Health, Hawaii State Health Department, Wailuku, HI, United States
| | - John Lippmann
- Australasian Diving Safety Foundation (ADSF), Australia.,School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - D Szpilman
- Medical Committee, Internatinoal Life Saving Federation, Belgium.,International Drowning Researchers' Alliance (IDRA), Idaho, United States.,Brazilian Lifesaving Society (SOBRASA), Barra da Tijuca, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - A C Queiroga
- International Drowning Researchers' Alliance (IDRA), Idaho, United States.,EPI-Unit, Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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7
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Szpilman D, Palacios Aguilar J, Barcala-Furelos R, Baker S, Dunne C, Peden AE, Brander R, Claesson A, Avramidis S, Leavy J, Luckhaus JL, Manino LA, Marques O, Nyitrai NJ, Pascual-Gomez LM, Springer L, Stanley TJ, Venema AM, Queiroga AC. Drowning and aquatic injuries dictionary. Resusc Plus 2021; 5:100072. [PMID: 34223340 PMCID: PMC8244532 DOI: 10.1016/j.resplu.2020.100072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Drowning is a significant public health issue with more than 320,000 deaths globally every year. These numbers are greatly underestimated, however, due to factors such as inadequate data collection, inconsistent categorization and failure to report in certain regions and cultures. The objective of this study was to develop a standardised drowning dictionary using a consensus-based approach. Through creation of this resource, improved clarity amongst stakeholders will be achieved and, as a result, so will our understanding of the drowning issue. Methodology A list of terms and their definitions were created and sent to 16 drowning experts with a broad range of backgrounds across four continents and six languages. A review was conducted using a modified Delphi process over five rounds. A sixth round was done by an external panel evaluating the terms’ content validity. Results The drowning dictionary included more than 350 terms. Of these, less than 10% had been previously published in peer review literature. On average, the external expert validity endorsing the dictionary shows a Scale Content Validity Index (S-CVI/Ave) of 0.91, exceeding the scientific recommended value. Ninety one percent of the items present an I-CVI (Level Content Validity Index) value considered acceptable (>0.78). The endorsement was not a universal agreement (S-CVI/UA: 0.44). Conclusion The drowning dictionary provides a common language, and the authors envisage that its use will facilitate collaboration and comparison across prevention sectors, education, research, policy and treatment. The dictionary will be open to readers for discussion and further review at www.idra.world.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Szpilman
- IDRA - International Drowning Researchers' Alliance, Kuna, Idaho, USA.,Brazilian Lifesaving Society (SOBRASA), Barra da Tijuca, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Drowning Prevention Commission, International Lifesaving Federation (ILS), Leuven, Belgium.,Medical Committee, International Lifesaving Federation (ILS), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jose Palacios Aguilar
- IDRA - International Drowning Researchers' Alliance, Kuna, Idaho, USA.,Grupo Internacional de Actividades de Prevención y Socorrismo (GIAPS), Spain
| | - Roberto Barcala-Furelos
- IDRA - International Drowning Researchers' Alliance, Kuna, Idaho, USA.,Medical Committee, International Lifesaving Federation (ILS), Leuven, Belgium.,REMOSS Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación y del Deporte de Pontevedra, Universidade de Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain.,CLINURSID Research Group, Department of Psychiatry, Radiology and Public Health, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Shayne Baker
- IDRA - International Drowning Researchers' Alliance, Kuna, Idaho, USA.,Royal Life Saving Society (RLSS), The Commonwealth, Worcester, UK.,Rescue Commission, International Lifesaving Federation (ILS), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Cody Dunne
- IDRA - International Drowning Researchers' Alliance, Kuna, Idaho, USA.,Medical Committee, International Lifesaving Federation (ILS), Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Amy E Peden
- IDRA - International Drowning Researchers' Alliance, Kuna, Idaho, USA.,Drowning Prevention Commission, International Lifesaving Federation (ILS), Leuven, Belgium.,School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Rob Brander
- IDRA - International Drowning Researchers' Alliance, Kuna, Idaho, USA.,School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.,UNSW Sydney Beach Safety Research Group, Sydney, Australia
| | - Andreas Claesson
- IDRA - International Drowning Researchers' Alliance, Kuna, Idaho, USA.,Centre for Resuscitation Science, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stathis Avramidis
- IDRA - International Drowning Researchers' Alliance, Kuna, Idaho, USA.,Greek Lifesaving Sports Association, Greece.,National Public Health Organization, Greece
| | - Justine Leavy
- IDRA - International Drowning Researchers' Alliance, Kuna, Idaho, USA.,Collaboration for Evidence, Research & Impact in Public Health, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Australia
| | - Jamie Linnea Luckhaus
- IDRA - International Drowning Researchers' Alliance, Kuna, Idaho, USA.,Boy Scouts of America, USA
| | - Leonardo A Manino
- IDRA - International Drowning Researchers' Alliance, Kuna, Idaho, USA.,Medical Committee, International Lifesaving Federation (ILS), Leuven, Belgium.,EPSA - Argentinian Life Saving Aquatic Team - Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina.,Board of Directors - International Lifesaving Federation (ILS), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Olga Marques
- IDRA - International Drowning Researchers' Alliance, Kuna, Idaho, USA.,University of Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, Portugal
| | - Nina Joy Nyitrai
- IDRA - International Drowning Researchers' Alliance, Kuna, Idaho, USA.,University of Newcastle Australia, Australia
| | - Luis-Miguel Pascual-Gomez
- IDRA - International Drowning Researchers' Alliance, Kuna, Idaho, USA.,Escuela Segoviana de Socorrismo, Spain.,AETSAS (Spanish Association of Professional Lifesavers), Spain
| | - Leonardo Springer
- IDRA - International Drowning Researchers' Alliance, Kuna, Idaho, USA.,FEPONS, Portugal.,ISEC Lisboa Polytechnic, Portugal.,CIEBA-FBAUL, Portugal
| | - Teresa Jane Stanley
- IDRA - International Drowning Researchers' Alliance, Kuna, Idaho, USA.,Drowning Prevention Auckland, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Allart M Venema
- IDRA - International Drowning Researchers' Alliance, Kuna, Idaho, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ana Catarina Queiroga
- IDRA - International Drowning Researchers' Alliance, Kuna, Idaho, USA.,Drowning Prevention Commission, International Lifesaving Federation (ILS), Leuven, Belgium.,Medical Committee, International Lifesaving Federation (ILS), Leuven, Belgium.,EPIUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,ASNASA - Associação de Nadadores Salvadores "Patrão Salva Vidas Ezequiel da Silva Seabra", Portugal
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8
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Queiroga AC, Webber J, Szpilman D. Nonfatal Drowning in People with Parkinson's Disease. Mov Disord Clin Pract 2020; 7:999-1000. [PMID: 33163576 DOI: 10.1002/mdc3.13081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ana C Queiroga
- International Drowning Researchers' Alliance Kuna Idaho USA.,EPIUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto Porto Portugal
| | - Jonathon Webber
- International Drowning Researchers' Alliance Kuna Idaho USA.,Department of Anaesthesiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences The University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
| | - David Szpilman
- International Drowning Researchers' Alliance Kuna Idaho USA.,Sociedade Brasileira de Salvamento Aquático Rio de Janeiro Brazil
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9
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Koon W, Schmidt A, Queiroga AC, Sempsrott J, Szpilman D, Webber J, Brander R. Need for consistent beach lifeguard data collection: results from an international survey. Inj Prev 2020; 27:308-315. [PMID: 32737057 DOI: 10.1136/injuryprev-2020-043793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lifeguards are integral to beach safety and collect data which is used for a variety of purposes, although guidelines and best practice have yet to be established. This study served to identify and characterise existing beach lifeguard service provider (BLSP) data collection procedures in order to identify the degree of uniformity and areas for improvement. METHODS The 'International Beach Lifeguard Data Collection and Reporting' online survey was distributed via the International Drowning Researchers' Alliance to BLSP supervisors and managers. The survey included questions on beach conditions and lifeguard activity data collection practices, and respondent's opinions on their own BLSP's methods. RESULTS Variability in data collection practices was evident in surveys obtained from 55 lifeguard leaders in 12 countries. Discrepancies exist in definitions for 'rescue' among BLSPs, a significant amount of information related to beach conditions are recorded and beach visitation is primarily obtained by visual estimate. Respondents expressed challenges with getting frontline staff to collect information in the field and ensuring reporting consistency between recorders. They identified rescue victim demographic factors as key data they would like to collect in the future. CONCLUSIONS Inconsistencies in lifeguard data collection present challenges to operations, safety education and prevention efforts, research and policy relying on these data. Variation in definitions, methods and collected variables generally restricts analysis to a single BLSP with limited generalisability to other beach settings. Some gaps in lifeguard data collection may soon be addressed by technology, but developing uniform, internationally acceptable standards and definitions should be prioritised.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Koon
- School of Biological Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia .,International Drowning Researchers' Alliance, Kuna, Idaho, USA
| | - Andrew Schmidt
- International Drowning Researchers' Alliance, Kuna, Idaho, USA.,Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine-Jacksonville, Jacksonville, Florida, USA.,Lifeguards Without Borders, Kuna, Idaho, USA
| | - Ana Catarina Queiroga
- International Drowning Researchers' Alliance, Kuna, Idaho, USA.,EPIUnit, Universidade do Porto Instituto de Saúde Pública, Porto, Portugal
| | - Justin Sempsrott
- International Drowning Researchers' Alliance, Kuna, Idaho, USA.,Lifeguards Without Borders, Kuna, Idaho, USA
| | - David Szpilman
- International Drowning Researchers' Alliance, Kuna, Idaho, USA.,Brazilian Lifesaving Society-SOBRASA, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jonathon Webber
- International Drowning Researchers' Alliance, Kuna, Idaho, USA.,Surf Lifesaving New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Robert Brander
- School of Biological Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,International Drowning Researchers' Alliance, Kuna, Idaho, USA
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10
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Barcala-Furelos R, Aranda-García S, Abelairas-Gómez C, Martínez-Isasi S, López-Mesa F, Oleagordia-Aguirre A, Palacios-Aguilar J, Szpilman D. [Occupational health recommendations for lifeguards in aquatic emergencies in the Covid-19 era: prevention, rescue and resuscitation.]. Rev Esp Salud Publica 2020; 94:e202006074. [PMID: 32601267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2), which causes coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19), is highly contagious. Lifeguards are the first line of response in aquatic emergencies and they will suffer a strong exposure to risk this first summer of the Covid-19 era, so their occupational health must be rethought in their professional practice during the new normal. The main public health measure to prevent drowning is prevention, but when this fails and assistance or rescue is required, in most interventions, distancing will not be possible. The limitation of personal protective equipment (PPE) for rescue is a reality that must be known and that can affect the health of the lifeguard. A review of the current literature aimed at avoiding or minimizing the risk of contagion in the interventions carried out by rescuers in the Covid-19 era was performed. This article provides structured information on the prevention of contagion in lifeguards, the potential risks, the available PPE, and the recommendations for its proper use during rescue or prehospital care in aquatic settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Barcala-Furelos
- Grupo de Investigación en Rendimiento, Motricidad, Salvamento y Socorrismo (REMOSS). Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación y del Deporte. Universidad de Vigo. Vigo. España
- Grupo de Investigación CLINURSID. Departamento de Radiología, Salud Pública, Enfermería y Medicina. Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Santiago de Compostela. España
| | - Silvia Aranda-García
- Institut Nacional d'Educació Física de Catalunya (INEFC). Universitat de Barcelona (UB). Barcelona. España
| | - Cristian Abelairas-Gómez
- Grupo de Investigación CLINURSID. Departamento de Radiología, Salud Pública, Enfermería y Medicina. Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Santiago de Compostela. España
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación. Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Santiago de Compostela. España
| | - Santiago Martínez-Isasi
- Grupo de Investigación CLINURSID. Departamento de Radiología, Salud Pública, Enfermería y Medicina. Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Santiago de Compostela. España
- Facultad de Enfermería. Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Santiago de Compostela. España
| | | | | | - José Palacios-Aguilar
- Facultad de Ciencias del Deporte y la Actividad Física. Universidade da Coruña. A Coruña. España
| | - David Szpilman
- Sociedad Brasileña de Salvamento Acuático (SOBRASA). Rio de Janeiro. Brasil
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11
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Szpilman D, Mello D, Queiroga A, Emygdio R. Association of Drowning Mortality with Preventive Interventions: A Quarter of a Million Deaths Evaluation in Brazil. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.25035/ijare.12.02.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In 2015, drowning in Brazil was responsible for 6,043 deaths and was the second leading cause of death in children. Although several prevention strategies have been promoted to reduce drowning, most are still based on low levels of evidence. This study evaluated the effectiveness of prevention and water safety interventions in reducing drowning mortality. Data obtained from the National Mortality System for 36 years were split in two time periods to allow the comparison of drowning mortality numbers before and after implementation of SOBRASA’s drowning prevention and water safety programs and to check for any positive effects attributable to such programs. To assess differences between the two periods, a “drowning water safety score” (DSS) was estimated and compared to mortality/100,000 of population. There were 258,834 drowning deaths over 36 years. A significant decrease of 27% in drowning rates (5.2 to 3.8/100,000; p<0.05) was observed when comparing the pre and post-preventive interventions time periods. Males died 5.3 times more frequently than females, and mortality was higher in the 15-19-year age group (16.4%;4.7/100,000) than in other age groups. A linear dependent association was observed between prevention and water safety interventions and years affiliated to the national lifesaving organization (SOBRASA). A strong and significant association (OR=241.7; CI95% [9.0–64.84]) between DSS and drowning reduction was observed. The DSS is a fundamental measure for institutions/municipalities/states/countries to estimate the efforts needed to achieve their drowning reduction goals. From this study, a DSS above 100 (i.e.: 10 actions implemented over 10 years) was able to reduce drowning deaths by as much as 2.3% a year.
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12
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Dunne CL, Peden AE, Queiroga AC, Gomez Gonzalez C, Valesco B, Szpilman D. A systematic review on the effectiveness of anti-choking suction devices and identification of research gaps. Resuscitation 2020; 153:219-226. [PMID: 32114068 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2020.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM Despite an obstructed airway (choking) being a relatively preventable injury, it has a considerable mortality burden globally, with increasing incidence. Given new technologies in choking management, this systematic review aimed to assess current literature on the effectiveness of anti-choking suction devices at relieving obstructions. METHODS Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, The Cochrane Library, SCOPUS, Web of Science, CINAHL Plus and the English websites of the devices were searched on September 23, 2019. Studies were included if they reported the anti-choking devices' dislodgment success rate (primary outcome) or associated adverse events (secondary outcome). Articles, conference abstracts or technical reports were included if peer reviewed. Certainty of evidence was assessed in accordance with GRADE. RESULTS Five studies satisfied the inclusion criteria for this review. Two studies (40%) reported findings of a single centre mannequin trial, one (20%) of a single centre cadaveric trial, and two (40%) were case series. Cohen's Kappa for the first and second round of screening was 0.904 and 0.674 respectively. Although several devices have been manufactured worldwide, the LifeVac© has been most extensively studied, with a combined dislodgement success rate of 94.3% on first attempt. However, certainty of evidence for the primary outcome was evaluated as very low. CONCLUSIONS There are many weaknesses in the available data and few unbiased trials that test the effectiveness of anti-choking suction devices resulting in insufficient evidence to support or discourage their use. Practitioners should continue to adhere to guidelines authored by local resuscitation authorities which align with ILCOR recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Dunne
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Medical Committee, International Life Saving Federation, Belgium.
| | - A E Peden
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - A C Queiroga
- EPI Unit, Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - C Gomez Gonzalez
- CLINURSID Research Group, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - B Valesco
- Office of Public Health Preparedness, Maui District Health, Hawaii State Health Department, Wailuku, Hawaii, United States
| | - D Szpilman
- Medical Committee, International Life Saving Federation, Belgium; Brazilian Lifesaving Society (SOBRASA), Barra da Tijuca, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Drowning Resuscitation Centre, Fire Department of Rio de Janeiro (CBMERJ), Brazil
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13
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Bernoche C, Timerman S, Polastri TF, Giannetti NS, Siqueira AWDS, Piscopo A, Soeiro ADM, Reis AGADC, Tanaka ACS, Thomaz AM, Quilici AP, Catarino AH, Ribeiro ACDL, Barreto ACP, Azevedo Filho AFBD, Pazin Filho A, Timerman A, Scarpa BR, Timerman B, Tavares CDAM, Martins CSL, Serrano Junior CV, Malaque CMS, Pisani CF, Batista DV, Leandro DLF, Szpilman D, Gonçalves DM, Paiva EFD, Osawa EA, Lima EG, Adam EL, Peixoto E, Evaristo EF, Azeka E, Silva FBD, Wen FH, Ferreira FG, Lima FG, Fernandes FL, Ganem F, Galas FRBG, Tarasoutchi F, Souza GEC, Feitosa Filho GS, Foronda G, Guimarães HP, Abud ICK, Leite ISL, Linhares Filho JPP, Moraes Junior JBDMX, Falcão JLADA, Ramires JAF, Cavalini JF, Saraiva JFK, Abrão KC, Pinto LF, Bianchi LLT, Lopes LNGD, Piegas LS, Kopel L, Godoy LC, Tobase L, Hajjar LA, Dallan LAP, Caneo LF, Cardoso LF, Canesin MF, Park M, Rabelo MMN, Malachias MVB, Gonçalves MAB, Almeida MFBD, Souza MFS, Favarato MHS, Carrion MJM, Gonzalez MM, Bortolotto MRDFL, Macatrão-Costa MF, Shimoda MS, Oliveira-Junior MTD, Ikari NM, Dutra OP, Berwanger O, Pinheiro PAPC, Reis PFFD, Cellia PHM, Santos Filho RDD, Gianotto-Oliveira R, Kalil Filho R, Guinsburg R, Managini S, Lage SHG, Yeu SP, Franchi SM, Shimoda-Sakano T, Accorsi TD, Leal TDCA, Guimarães V, Sallai VS, Ávila WS, Sako YK. Atualização da Diretriz de Ressuscitação Cardiopulmonar e Cuidados Cardiovasculares
de Emergência da Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - 2019. Arq Bras Cardiol 2019; 113:449-663. [PMID: 31621787 DOI: 10.5935/abc.20190203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Bernoche
- Instituto do Coração (Incor) do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, SP - Brasil.,Hospital Nove de Julho, São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | - Sergio Timerman
- Instituto do Coração (Incor) do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | - Thatiane Facholi Polastri
- Instituto do Coração (Incor) do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | | | - Adailson Wagner da Silva Siqueira
- Instituto do Coração (Incor) do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | - Agnaldo Piscopo
- Conselho Regional de Medicina de São Paulo (CREMESP), São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | - Alexandre de Matos Soeiro
- Instituto do Coração (Incor) do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, SP - Brasil.,Hospital BP Mirante, São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | | | - Ana Cristina Sayuri Tanaka
- Instituto do Coração (Incor) do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | - Ana Maria Thomaz
- Instituto do Coração (Incor) do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | | | - Andrei Hilário Catarino
- Instituto do Coração (Incor) do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | - Anna Christina de Lima Ribeiro
- Instituto do Coração (Incor) do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | - Antonio Carlos Pereira Barreto
- Instituto do Coração (Incor) do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | | | - Antonio Pazin Filho
- Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo (FMRP-USP), São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | - Ari Timerman
- Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia, São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | - Bruna Romanelli Scarpa
- Instituto do Coração (Incor) do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | - Bruno Timerman
- Instituto do Coração (Incor) do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | | | - Cantidio Soares Lemos Martins
- Instituto do Coração (Incor) do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | - Carlos Vicente Serrano Junior
- Instituto do Coração (Incor) do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | | | - Cristiano Faria Pisani
- Instituto do Coração (Incor) do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | - Daniel Valente Batista
- Instituto do Coração (Incor) do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | - Daniela Luana Fernandes Leandro
- Instituto do Coração (Incor) do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | - David Szpilman
- Hospital Municipal Miguel Couto, Secretaria Municipal de Saúde, Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Brasil
| | - Diego Manoel Gonçalves
- Instituto do Coração (Incor) do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | - Edison Ferreira de Paiva
- Serviço de Clínica Geral do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | - Eduardo Atsushi Osawa
- Instituto do Coração (Incor) do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | - Eduardo Gomes Lima
- Instituto do Coração (Incor) do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, SP - Brasil.,Hospital Nove de Julho, São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | | | | | | | - Estela Azeka
- Instituto do Coração (Incor) do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | | | - Fan Hui Wen
- Instituto Butantan, Secretaria de Estado da Saúde de São Paulo e do Ministério da Saúde, São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | - Fatima Gil Ferreira
- Instituto do Coração (Incor) do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | - Felipe Gallego Lima
- Instituto do Coração (Incor) do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | - Felipe Lourenço Fernandes
- Instituto do Coração (Incor) do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | - Fernando Ganem
- Instituto do Coração (Incor) do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | | | - Flavio Tarasoutchi
- Instituto do Coração (Incor) do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | - Germano Emilio Conceição Souza
- Instituto do Coração (Incor) do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | | | - Gustavo Foronda
- Instituto do Coração (Incor) do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, SP - Brasil.,Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP - Brasil.,Hospital Sepaco, São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | - Helio Penna Guimarães
- Hospital do Coração (HCor), São Paulo, SP - Brasil.,Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | | | - Ivanhoé Stuart Lima Leite
- Instituto do Coração (Incor) do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | - Jaime Paula Pessoa Linhares Filho
- Instituto do Coração (Incor) do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | | | | | - Jose Antônio Franchini Ramires
- Instituto do Coração (Incor) do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | - José Fernando Cavalini
- Instituto do Coração (Incor) do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | | | - Karen Cristine Abrão
- Instituto do Coração (Incor) do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | - Lecio Figueira Pinto
- Instituto do Coração (Incor) do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | - Leonardo Luís Torres Bianchi
- Instituto do Coração (Incor) do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | | | | | - Liliane Kopel
- Instituto do Coração (Incor) do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | - Lucas Colombo Godoy
- Instituto do Coração (Incor) do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | - Lucia Tobase
- Secretaria Municipal da Saúde da Prefeitura Municipal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | - Ludhmila Abrahão Hajjar
- Instituto do Coração (Incor) do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | - Luís Augusto Palma Dallan
- Instituto do Coração (Incor) do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | - Luiz Fernando Caneo
- Instituto do Coração (Incor) do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | | | | | - Marcelo Park
- Instituto do Coração (Incor) do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | | | | | - Maria Aparecida Batistão Gonçalves
- Instituto do Coração (Incor) do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | | | - Maria Francilene Silva Souza
- Instituto do Coração (Incor) do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | - Maria Helena Sampaio Favarato
- Instituto do Coração (Incor) do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, SP - Brasil.,Hospital Sírio Libanês, São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | | | - Maria Margarita Gonzalez
- Instituto do Coração (Incor) do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | | | - Milena Frota Macatrão-Costa
- Instituto do Coração (Incor) do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | - Mônica Satsuki Shimoda
- Instituto do Coração (Incor) do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | - Mucio Tavares de Oliveira-Junior
- Instituto do Coração (Incor) do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | - Nana Miura Ikari
- Instituto do Coração (Incor) do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | | | - Otávio Berwanger
- Instituto do Coração (Incor) do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | | | - Patrícia Feitosa Frota Dos Reis
- Instituto do Coração (Incor) do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | - Pedro Henrique Moraes Cellia
- Instituto do Coração (Incor) do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | - Raul Dias Dos Santos Filho
- Instituto do Coração (Incor) do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | | | - Roberto Kalil Filho
- Instituto do Coração (Incor) do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | - Ruth Guinsburg
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | - Sandrigo Managini
- Instituto do Coração (Incor) do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | - Silvia Helena Gelas Lage
- Instituto do Coração (Incor) do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | - So Pei Yeu
- Instituto do Coração (Incor) do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | | | - Tania Shimoda-Sakano
- Instituto da Criança do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | | | - Tatiana de Carvalho Andreucci Leal
- Instituto do Coração (Incor) do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | - Vanessa Guimarães
- Instituto do Coração (Incor) do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | - Vanessa Santos Sallai
- Instituto do Coração (Incor) do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | - Walkiria Samuel Ávila
- Instituto do Coração (Incor) do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | - Yara Kimiko Sako
- Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia (SBC), Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Brasil
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14
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Abstract
Drowning is a common and often preventable cause of death, especially in children. The mass media often propagate misinformation about "dry" and "secondary" drowning, diverting attention from appropriate efforts to prevent drowning and rescue and treat those who do drown.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Szpilman
- Medical Director of Brazilian Lifesaving Society (SOBRASA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. .,Rio de Janeiro Municipal Civil Defense, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Drowning Resuscitation Centre, Fire Department of Rio de Janeiro (CBMERJ), Retired, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Co-founder, International Drowning Research Alliance (IDRA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Justin Sempsrott
- Executive Director, Lifeguards Without Borders, Kuna, ID, USA.,International Drowning Research Alliance (Co-founder, USA)
| | - Jonathon Webber
- Honorary Lecturer, Department of Anaesthesiology, The University of Auckland, New Zealand.,International Drowning Research Alliance (Co-founder, New Zealand)
| | - Seth C Hawkins
- Assistant Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.,Director, Lifeguards Without Borders.,Affiliate, International Drowning Research Alliance (USA).,Medical Director, Starfish Aquatics Institute, USA.,Co-author, Wilderness Medical Society Practice Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Drowning, USA
| | - Roberto Barcala-Furelos
- Faculty of Education and Sports Sciences, University of Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain.,University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,International Drowning Research Alliance (Co-founder, Spain).,REMOSS Research Group
| | - Andrew Schmidt
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL, USA.,Co-founder, Lifeguards Without Borders.,Honorary Member, International Drowning Research Alliance (USA)
| | - Ana Catarina Queiroga
- EPI-Unit, Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,International Drowning Research Alliance (Co-founder, Portugal)
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15
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Idris AH, Bierens JJLM, Perkins GD, Wenzel V, Nadkarni V, Morley P, Warner DS, Topjian A, Venema AM, Branche CM, Szpilman D, Morizot-Leite L, Nitta M, Løfgren B, Webber J, Gräsner JT, Beerman SB, Youn CS, Jost U, Quan L, Dezfulian C, Handley AJ, Hazinski MF. 2015 Revised Utstein-Style Recommended Guidelines for Uniform Reporting of Data From Drowning-Related Resuscitation: An ILCOR Advisory Statement. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes 2018; 10:HCQ.0000000000000024. [PMID: 28716971 DOI: 10.1161/hcq.0000000000000024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Utstein-style guidelines use an established consensus process, endorsed by the international resuscitation community, to facilitate and structure resuscitation research and publication. The first "Guidelines for Uniform Reporting of Data From Drowning" were published over a decade ago. During the intervening years, resuscitation science has advanced considerably, thus making revision of the guidelines timely. In particular, measurement of cardiopulmonary resuscitation elements and neurological outcomes reporting have advanced substantially. The purpose of this report is to provide updated guidelines for reporting data from studies of resuscitation from drowning. METHODS An international group with scientific expertise in the fields of drowning research, resuscitation research, emergency medical services, public health, and development of guidelines met in Potsdam, Germany, to determine the data that should be reported in scientific articles on the subject of resuscitation from drowning. At the Utstein-style meeting, participants discussed data elements in detail, defined the data, determined data priority, and decided how data should be reported, including scoring methods and category details. RESULTS The template for reporting data from drowning research was revised extensively, with new emphasis on measurement of quality of resuscitation, neurological outcomes, and deletion of data that have proved to be less relevant or difficult to capture. CONCLUSIONS The report describes the consensus process, rationale for selecting data elements to be reported, definitions and priority of data, and scoring methods. These guidelines are intended to improve the clarity of scientific communication and the comparability of scientific investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahamed H Idris
- Conference and Writing Group Chair. Conference and Writing Group Co-Chair. Prehospital Data Section Chair. Prehospital Data Section Co-Chair. Quality of Resuscitation Section Chair. Quality of Resuscitation Section Co-Chair. Hospital and Outcome Data Section Chair. Hospital and Outcome Data Section Co-Chair
| | - Joost J L M Bierens
- Conference and Writing Group Chair. Conference and Writing Group Co-Chair. Prehospital Data Section Chair. Prehospital Data Section Co-Chair. Quality of Resuscitation Section Chair. Quality of Resuscitation Section Co-Chair. Hospital and Outcome Data Section Chair. Hospital and Outcome Data Section Co-Chair
| | - Gavin D Perkins
- Conference and Writing Group Chair. Conference and Writing Group Co-Chair. Prehospital Data Section Chair. Prehospital Data Section Co-Chair. Quality of Resuscitation Section Chair. Quality of Resuscitation Section Co-Chair. Hospital and Outcome Data Section Chair. Hospital and Outcome Data Section Co-Chair
| | - Volker Wenzel
- Conference and Writing Group Chair. Conference and Writing Group Co-Chair. Prehospital Data Section Chair. Prehospital Data Section Co-Chair. Quality of Resuscitation Section Chair. Quality of Resuscitation Section Co-Chair. Hospital and Outcome Data Section Chair. Hospital and Outcome Data Section Co-Chair
| | - Vinay Nadkarni
- Conference and Writing Group Chair. Conference and Writing Group Co-Chair. Prehospital Data Section Chair. Prehospital Data Section Co-Chair. Quality of Resuscitation Section Chair. Quality of Resuscitation Section Co-Chair. Hospital and Outcome Data Section Chair. Hospital and Outcome Data Section Co-Chair
| | - Peter Morley
- Conference and Writing Group Chair. Conference and Writing Group Co-Chair. Prehospital Data Section Chair. Prehospital Data Section Co-Chair. Quality of Resuscitation Section Chair. Quality of Resuscitation Section Co-Chair. Hospital and Outcome Data Section Chair. Hospital and Outcome Data Section Co-Chair
| | - David S Warner
- Conference and Writing Group Chair. Conference and Writing Group Co-Chair. Prehospital Data Section Chair. Prehospital Data Section Co-Chair. Quality of Resuscitation Section Chair. Quality of Resuscitation Section Co-Chair. Hospital and Outcome Data Section Chair. Hospital and Outcome Data Section Co-Chair
| | - Alexis Topjian
- Conference and Writing Group Chair. Conference and Writing Group Co-Chair. Prehospital Data Section Chair. Prehospital Data Section Co-Chair. Quality of Resuscitation Section Chair. Quality of Resuscitation Section Co-Chair. Hospital and Outcome Data Section Chair. Hospital and Outcome Data Section Co-Chair
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Queiroga AC, Webber J, Schmidt AC, Sempsrott JR, Barcala-Furelos R, Tipton M, Szpilman D. Comment on Cerland, L. et al. Incidence and Consequences of Near-Drowning-Related Pneumonia-A Descriptive Series from Martinique, French West Indies. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2017, 14, 1402. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2018; 15:ijerph15040706. [PMID: 29642576 PMCID: PMC5923748 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15040706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
We read with great interest the recent paper by Cerland et al. on the frequency, nature, and consequences of post-drowning pneumonia[...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Catarina Queiroga
- EPI-Unit, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Jonathon Webber
- Department of Anaesthesiology, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
- Surf Life Saving New Zealand, P.O. Box 39129, Lower Hutt 5045, Wellington 5010, New Zealand.
| | - Andrew C Schmidt
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine-Jacksonville, Jacksonville, FL 32209, USA.
- Lifeguards without Borders, P.O. Box 737, Kuna, ID 83634, USA.
| | | | - Roberto Barcala-Furelos
- REMOSS Research Group, Lifesaving and Motor Skill, Faculty of Education and Sport Sciences, University of Vigo, 36005 Pontevedra, Spain.
| | - Michael Tipton
- Extreme Environments Laboratory, Department of Sport & Exercise Science, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 2ER, UK.
| | - David Szpilman
- Sociedade Brasileira de Salvamento Aquático, Barra da Tijuca, Rio de
Janeiro RJ 22631-004, Brazil.
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Abstract
The most frequent jellyfish in Southern Brazil causes mainly local pain and skin plaques. A 3-year-old female bather presented an erythematous, irregular plaque on the left forearm after contact with a jellyfish and intense facial angioedema with facial flushing. The lungs had vesicular murmur, wheezes, and snorts, and pink and spumous secretion in the airways with intercostal retraction. She was administered subcutaneous adrenaline (0.1mg/kg) and hydrocortisone intravenous (10mg/kg) with total recovery in a few minutes. The manifestations of anaphylactic reactions are distinct from those of envenomations, and prompt and adequate care is fundamental in these situations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Szpilman
- Diretoria Médica, Sociedade Brasileira de Salvamento Aquático, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Vidal Haddad Junior
- Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brasil
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Venema AM, Webber J, Schmidt AC, Sempsrott JR, Szpilman D, Queiroga AC, Graham D, Barcala-Furelos R, Tipton M. Reply to letter: Neurocognitive and behavioral outcomes in a nearly drowned child with cardiac arrest and hypothermia resuscitated after 43min of no flow-time: A case study. Resuscitation 2017; 122:e7-e8. [PMID: 28754525 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2017.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Allart M Venema
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, P.O. Box 30001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Jonathon Webber
- Department of Anaesthesiology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Andrew C Schmidt
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine-Jacksonville, Jacksonville, FL, United States.
| | | | - David Szpilman
- Sociedade Brasileira de Salvamento Aquático, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Roberto Barcala-Furelos
- REMOSS Research Group, Lifesaving and Motor Skill, Faculty of Education and Sport Sciences, University of Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain.
| | - Michael Tipton
- Extreme Environments Laboratory, Department of Sport & Exercise Science, University of Portsmouth, UK.
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Schmidt AC, Sempsrott JR, Szpilman D, Queiroga AC, Davison MS, Zeigler RJ, McAlister SJ. The use of non-uniform drowning terminology: a follow-up study. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med 2017; 25:72. [PMID: 28716063 PMCID: PMC5513019 DOI: 10.1186/s13049-017-0405-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 2002, the World Congress on Drowning developed a uniform definition for drowning. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of "non-uniform drowning terminology" (NUDT) and "non-uniform drowning definitions" (NUDD) in peer-reviewed scientific literature from 2010 to 2016, and compare these findings with those from our unpublished study performing a similar analysis on literature from 2003 to 2010. METHODS A systematic review was performed using drowning-specific search terms in Pubmed and Web of Science. Titles and abstracts published between July 2010 and January 2016 were screened for relevance to the study focus. Articles meeting screening criteria were reviewed for exclusion criteria to produce the final group of studies. These articles were reviewed by four reviewers for NUDT and NUDD. The Fisher exact test was used to determine any statistically significant changes. RESULTS The final group of studies included 167 articles. A total of 53 articles (32%) utilized NUDT, with 100% of these including the term "near drowning". The proportion of articles utilizing NUDT was significantly less than reported by our previous study (p < 0.05). In addition, 32% of the articles included a definition for drowning (uniform or non-uniform), with 15% of these utilizing NUDD. DISCUSSION Our study reveals a statistically significant improvement over the past thirteen years in the use of uniform drowning terminology in peer-reviewed scientific literature, although year-to-year variability over the current study period does not yield an obvious trend. CONCLUSIONS Of the articles reviewed during the 2010-2016 study period, 32% included outdated and non-uniform drowning terminology and definitions. While this reveals an absolute decrease of 11% as compared with the previous study period (2003-2010), there is still significant room for improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C Schmidt
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine-Jacksonville, 655 W 8th St, 32209, Jacksonville, FL, USA. .,Lifeguards Without Borders, 757 S Iron Springs Ave, 83634, Kuna, ID, USA.
| | - Justin R Sempsrott
- Lifeguards Without Borders, 757 S Iron Springs Ave, 83634, Kuna, ID, USA
| | - David Szpilman
- Sociedade Brasileira de Salvamento Aquático, Av das Américas 3555, Bloco 2, Sala 302, Barra da Tijuca, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22631-004, Brazil
| | - Ana Catarina Queiroga
- EPIUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, 135, 4050-600, Porto, Portugal
| | - Matt S Davison
- Center for Health Equity and Quality Research, University of Florida College of Medicine-Jacksonville, 655 W 8th St, 32209, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Ryan J Zeigler
- Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, 600 Moye Blvd, 27834, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Sean J McAlister
- Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane University, 1430 Tulane Ave, 70112, New Orleans, LA, USA
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Webber J, Schmidt AC, Sempsrott JR, Szpilman D, Queiroga AC. Pediatric non-fatal drowning events: do they warrant trauma team activation? J Surg Res 2017; 217:244-245. [PMID: 28676224 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2017.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathon Webber
- Department of Anaesthesiology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Surf Life Saving New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand; International Drowning Research Alliance.
| | - Andrew C Schmidt
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine-Jacksonville, Jacksonville, Florida; Lifeguards Without Borders, Carolina Beach, North Carolina; International Drowning Research Alliance
| | - Justin R Sempsrott
- Lifeguards Without Borders, Kuna, Idaho; International Drowning Research Alliance
| | - David Szpilman
- Sociedade Brasileira de Salvamento Aquático, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; International Drowning Research Alliance
| | - Ana Catarina Queiroga
- EPI-Unit, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; International Drowning Research Alliance
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Webber J, Schmidt AC, Sempsrott JR, Szpilman D, Queiroga AC, Clemens T, Hood N. Fatal and non-fatal drowning in rivers. Forensic Sci Med Pathol 2017; 13:527-528. [PMID: 28580497 DOI: 10.1007/s12024-017-9883-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathon Webber
- Department of Anaesthesiology, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Victoria Street West, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand. .,Surf Life Saving New Zealand, PO Box 39129, Lower Hutt 5045, Wellington, New Zealand.
| | - Andrew C Schmidt
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine-Jacksonville, 655 W 8th St, Jacksonville, FL, 32209, USA.,Lifeguards Without Borders, 1311A Canal Dr, Carolina Beach, NC, 28428, USA
| | | | - David Szpilman
- Sociedade Brasileira de Salvamento Aquático, Av das Américas 3555, Bloco 2, Sala 302, Barra da Tijuca, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22631-004, Brazil
| | - Ana Catarina Queiroga
- EPI-Unit, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Rua das Taipas, 135, 4050-600, Porto, Portugal
| | - Tessa Clemens
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, 4700 Keele St, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Natalie Hood
- Surf Life Saving Australia, Locked Bag 1010, Rosebery, NSW, 2018, Australia
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Schmidt AC, Sempsrott JR, Szpilman D, Queiroga AC, Webber J. Cardiovascular complications and mortality determinants in near-drowning victims: A 5-year retrospective analysis. J Crit Care 2017; 39:282. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2017.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Abstract
Aquatic sports are included in the top list of risky practices as the environment per se carries a possibility of death by drowning if not rescued in time. Not only are aquatic sports related to a high risk of death, but also all sports practiced on the water, over the water and on ice. Whatever the reason a person is in the water, drowning carries a higher possibility of death if the individual is unable to cope with the water situation, which may simply be caused by an inability to stay afloat and get out of the water or by an injury or disease that may lead to physical inability or unconsciousness. The competitive nature of sports is a common pathway that leads the sports person to exceed their ability to cope with the environment or simply misjudge their physical capability. Drowning involves some principles and medical interventions that are rarely found in other medical situations as it occurs in a deceptively hostile environment that may not seem dangerous. Therefore, it is essential that health professionals are aware of the complete sequence of action in drowning. This article focuses on the pulmonary injury in sports and recreational activities where drowning plays the major role.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Szpilman
- Sociedade Brasileira de Salvamento Aquatico - SOBRASA, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - James P Orlowski
- Division of Pediatrics, Dept of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Florida Hospital Tampa, Tampa, FL, USA Dept of Pediatrics and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins All Childrens Hospital, St Petersburg, FL, USA
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Szpilman D, Tipton M, Sempsrott J, Webber J, Bierens J, Dawes P, Seabra R, Barcala-Furelos R, Queiroga AC. Drowning timeline: a new systematic model of the drowning process. Am J Emerg Med 2016; 34:2224-2226. [PMID: 27575579 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2016.07.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- David Szpilman
- Brazilian Lifesaving Society-SOBRASA; Civil Defense, Rio de Janeiro City, RJ, Brazil; Drowning Resuscitation Centre, Fire Department of Rio de Janeiro (CBMERJ)-GMAR; International Drowning Research Alliance-IDRA.
| | - Mike Tipton
- Human & Applied Physiology, Extreme Environments Laboratory, Department of Sport & Exercise Science, University of Portsmouth, UK; International Drowning Research Alliance-IDRA
| | - Justin Sempsrott
- Lifeguards without Borders, USA; International Drowning Research Alliance- IDRA
| | - Jonathon Webber
- Department of Anaesthesiology, The University of Auckland, New Zealand; International Drowning Research Alliance-IDRA
| | - Joost Bierens
- van Heurnlaan 10 5261 EW, Vught, Netherlands; International Drowning Research Alliance-IDRA
| | - Peter Dawes
- Royal National Lifeboat Institution, Poole, Dorset, UK
| | - Rui Seabra
- Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, 4485-661, Vairão, Portugal; ASNASA, Portuguese Lifesaving Association, Portugal
| | - Roberto Barcala-Furelos
- Faculty of Education and Sport Sciences, University of Vigo, Spain; School of Nursing, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain; International Drowning Research Alliance-IDRA
| | - Ana Catarina Queiroga
- Faculdade de Ciências Naturais, Engenharias e Tecnologias, Universidade Lusófona do Porto, Porto, Portugal; International Drowning Research Alliance-IDRA
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Schmidt A, Szpilman D, Berg I, Sempsrott J, Morgan P. A call for the proper action on drowning resuscitation. Resuscitation 2016; 105:e9-e10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2016.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/17/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Barcala-Furelos R, Szpilman D, Palacios-Aguilar J, Costas-Veiga J, Abelairas-Gomez C, Bores-Cerezal A, López-García S, Rodríguez-Nuñez A. Assessing the efficacy of rescue equipment in lifeguard resuscitation efforts for drowning. Am J Emerg Med 2015; 34:480-5. [PMID: 26782793 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2015.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2015] [Revised: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The whole drowning process usually occurs within seconds to a few minutes. An early rescue may stop and/or prevent most medical complications. Fins, rescue tube, and rescue board (RB) are the equipment most frequently used by lifeguards. Our objective was to compare, in a water rescue quasiexperimental trial, these different pieces of rescue equipment to define the safest and with the lower rescue time as well as to assess their effects on the lifeguards' physiological state and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) performance. METHOD A controlled trial was conducted to study the time effect of 4 different rescue techniques and assess CPR quality, along with the physiological effects of each rescue technique (blood lactate and subjective Borg's scale effort perception) on 35 lifeguards. RESULTS Among the final sample subjects (n = 23), a total of 92 rescues were completed. Total water rescue time was longer without equipment (NE). The total rescue time was significantly lower using RB (P < .001). Similar good quality of CPR before and after water rescue was observed in all trials (P > .05), although correct ventilations represented less than 50% of total in all trials. Blood lactate increased after all rescues. The subjective effort Borg's scale showed significantly less effort using RB vs without equipment, fins, and fins and rescue tube. CONCLUSION The use of propelling and/or floating equipment saves precious time with repercussions in the reduction of drowning mortality and morbidity. The RB offers a significant advantage. Lifeguards need more CPR training, especially considering the importance of efficient ventilations for drowning victims.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Barcala-Furelos
- Faculty of Education and Sport Sciences, University of Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain; CLINURSID Research Group, Departamento de Enfermería, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; IDRA, International Drowning Research Alliance, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - David Szpilman
- IDRA, International Drowning Research Alliance, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Brazilian Lifesaving Society (SOBRASA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Hospital Municipal Miguel Couto, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | | | - Javier Costas-Veiga
- Faculty of Education and Sport Sciences, University of Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain; Faculty of Health Sciences, European Atlantic University, Santander, Spain
| | - Cristian Abelairas-Gomez
- CLINURSID Research Group, Departamento de Enfermería, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Faculty of Health Sciences, European Atlantic University, Santander, Spain
| | | | | | - Antonio Rodríguez-Nuñez
- CLINURSID Research Group, Departamento de Enfermería, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Pediatric Area, Pediatric Emergency and Critical Care Division, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Barcala-Furelos R, Costas-Veiga J, Szpilman D, Lopez-Garcia S, Bores-Cerezal A, Navarro-Paton R, Rodriguez-Nuñez A. Water rescue with aids. Do they improve rescue and cardiopulmonary resuscitation performance? Resuscitation 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2014.03.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Szpilman D, Dos Santos Cruz Filho FE. One single variable for predicting the outcome after out-of-hospital-cardiac-arrest (OHCA): a reality or simply chasing El Dorado? Resuscitation 2014; 85:448-9. [PMID: 24508609 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2014.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Szpilman
- Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Municipal Miguel Couto, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Medical Director of Brazilian Life Saving Society, SOBRASA, Brazil; Medical Commission of International Life-saving Federation, Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Szpilman
- Adult Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Municipal Miguel Couto, and Corpo de Bombeiros Militar, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Szpilman D, Magalhães M, da Silva RTC. Therapeutic hypothermia after return of spontaneous circulation: should be offered to all? Resuscitation 2012; 83:671-3. [PMID: 22421132 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2012.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2012] [Accepted: 03/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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van Beeck EF, Branche CM, Szpilman D, Modell JH, Bierens JJLM. A new definition of drowning: towards documentation and prevention of a global public health problem. Bull World Health Organ 2005; 83:853-856. [PMID: 16302042 PMCID: PMC2626470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Drowning is a major global public health problem. Effective prevention of drowning requires programmes and policies that address known risk factors throughout the world. Surveillance, however, has been hampered by the lack of a uniform and internationally accepted definition that permits all relevant cases to be counted. To develop a new definition, an international consensus procedure was conducted. Experts in clinical medicine, injury epidemiology, prevention and rescue from all over the world participated in a series of "electronic" discussions and face-to-face workshops. The suitability of previous definitions and the major requirements of a new definition were intensely debated. The consensus was that the new definition should include both cases of fatal and nonfatal drowning. After considerable dialogue and debate, the following definition was adopted: "Drowning is the process of experiencing respiratory impairment from submersion/immersion in liquid." Drowning outcomes should be classified as: death, morbidity, and no morbidity. There was also consensus that the terms wet, dry, active, passive, silent, and secondary drowning should no longer be used. Thus a simple, comprehensive, and internationally accepted definition of drowning has been developed. Its use should support future activities in drowning surveillance worldwide, and lead to more reliable and comprehensive epidemiological information on this global, and frequently preventable, public health problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- E F van Beeck
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus Medical Center, PO Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, Netherlands.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES At present, there is no reliable information indicating the best option of rescuing a non-breathing drowning victim in the water. Our objectives were to compare the outcomes of performing immediate in-water resuscitation (IWR) or delaying resuscitation until the victim is brought to shore. MATERIAL AND METHODS A retrospective data analysis was conducted of non-breathing drowning victims rescued by lifeguards in the coastal area of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Patients were coded as IWR and no-IWR (NIWR) cases based on the lifeguard's decision whether to perform IWR. Death and development of severe neurological damage (SND) were considered poor outcome. RESULTS Forty-six patients were studied. Their median age was 17 (9-31) years. Nineteen (41.3%) patients received IWR and 27 (58.7%) did not. The mortality rate was lower for IWR cases (15.8% versus 85.2%, P < 0.001). However, among surviving IWR cases, 6 (31.6%) developed SND. In multivariate analysis, higher age [odds ratio (OR) = 1.12 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.01-1.24), P = 0.038] was associated with death, while IWR [ OR = 0.05 (95% CI = 0.01-0.50), P = 0.011] was protective. When death or the development of SND was set as the dependent variable, longer cardiopulmonary arrest (CPA) duration was the unique variable selected (OR = 1.77 (95% CI = 1.13-2.79), P = 0.013]. Every patient with CPA duration higher than 14 min had a poor outcome. CONCLUSIONS Delaying resuscitation efforts were associated with a worse outcome for non-breathing drowning victims. In the cases studied, IWR was associated with improvement of the likelihood of survival. An algorithm was developed for its indications and to avoid unnecessary risks to both victim and rescuer.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Szpilman
- Fire Department of Rio de Janeiro-Drowning Resuscitation Center of Barra da Tijuca (CBMERJ-GMAR-GSE), Av. das Américas 3555, Bloco 2, sala 302, Rio de Janeiro RJ 22793-004, Brazil.
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Idris AH, Berg RA, Bierens J, Bossaert L, Branche CM, Gabrielli A, Graves SA, Handley AJ, Hoelle R, Morley PT, Papa L, Pepe PE, Quan L, Szpilman D, Wigginton JG, Modell JH. Recommended guidelines for uniform reporting of data from drowning: the "Utstein style". Resuscitation 2004; 59:45-57. [PMID: 14580734 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2003.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A H Idris
- Emergency Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390-8579, USA
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Idris AH, Berg RA, Bierens J, Bossaert L, Branche CM, Gabrielli A, Graves SA, Handley AJ, Hoelle R, Morley PT, Papa L, Pepe PE, Quan L, Szpilman D, Wigginton JG, Modell JH. Recommended guidelines for uniform reporting of data from drowning: the "Utstein style". Circulation 2003; 108:2565-74. [PMID: 14623794 DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.0000099581.70012.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Abstract
Several myths about drowning have developed over the years. This article has attempted to dispel some of these myths, as follows: 1. Drowning victims are unable to call or wave for help. 2. "Dry drownings" probably do not exist; if there is no water in the lungs at autopsy, the victim probably was not alive when he or she entered the water. 3. Do not use furosemide to treat the pulmonary edema of drowning; victims may need volume. 4. Seawater drowning does not cause hypovolemia, and freshwater drowning does not cause hypervolemia, hemolysis, or hyperkalemia. 5. Drowning victims swallow much more water than they inhale, resulting in a high risk for vomiting spontaneously or on resuscitation. No discussion of drowning would be complete without mentioning the importance of prevention. Proper pool fencing and water safety training at a young age are instrumental in reducing the risk for drowning. Not leaving an infant or young child unattended in or near water can prevent many of these deaths, especially bathtub drownings. Also crucial is the use of personal flotation devices whenever boating. Proper training in water safety is crucial for participation in water recreation and sporting activities, including SCUBA diving. The incidence of pediatric drowning deaths in the United States has decreased steadily over the past decade, perhaps as a result of increased awareness and attention to drowning-prevention measures (Box 1).
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Orlowski
- Division of Pediatrics, Department of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, University Community Hospital, Tampa, Florida, USA
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Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE To establish an updated classification for near-drowning and drowning (ND/D) according to severity, based on mortality rate of the subgroups. MATERIALS AND METHODS We reviewed 41,279 cases of predominantly sea water rescues from the coastal area of Rio de Janeiro City, Brazil, from 1972 to 1991. Of this total, 2,304 cases (5.5%) were referred to the Near-Drowning Recuperation Center, and this group was used as the study database. At the accident site, the following clinical parameters were recorded: presence of breathing, arterial pulse, pulmonary auscultation, and arterial BP. Cases lacking records of clinical parameters were not studied. The ND/D were classified in six subgroups: grade 1--normal pulmonary auscultation with coughing; grade 2--abnormal pulmonary auscultation with rales in some pulmonary fields; grade 3--pulmonary auscultation of acute pulmonary edema without arterial hypotension; grade 4--pulmonary auscultation of acute pulmonary edema with arterial hypotension; grade 5--isolated respiratory arrest; and grade 6--cardiopulmonary arrest. RESULTS From 2,304 cases in the database, 1,831 cases presented all clinical parameters recorded and were selected for classification. From these 1,831 cases, 1,189 (65%) were classified as grade 1 (mortality=0%); 338 (18.4%) as grade 2 (mortality=0.6%); 58 (3.2%) as grade 3 (mortality=5.2%); 36 (2%) as grade 4 (mortality=19.4%); 25 (1.4%) as grade 5 (mortality=44%); and 185 (10%) as grade 6 (mortality=93%) (p<0.000001). CONCLUSION The study revealed that it is possible to establish six subgroups based on mortality rate by applying clinical criteria obtained from first-aid observations. These subgroups constitute the basis of a new classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Szpilman
- Fire Department of Rio de Janeiro, Near-Drowning Recuperation Center of Barra da Tijuca, Miguel Couto Municipal Hospital, Brazil.
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