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Aksoy N, Kaplan DS, Orkmez M, Eronat Ö. Evaluation of intestinal necrosis with laser Doppler in experimental mesenteric ischemia model. ULUS TRAVMA ACIL CER 2024; 30:1-8. [PMID: 38226574 DOI: 10.14744/tjtes.2024.38399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute mesenteric ischemia (AMI) is responsible for one in a thousand emergency hospital admissions in America and Europe and is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. Current diagnostic and treatment methods fall short of desired outcomes, often resulting in delayed diagnoses and difficulties in detecting ischemic bowel tissue during treatment. This study evaluates the diagnostic value of commonly used biochemical markers in clinical practice-creatine kinase, C-reactive protein (CRP), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)-alongside blood flow measurements using laser Doppler in a rat model of experimental mesenteric ischemia. We also compare these markers with pathological ischemia scoring. METHODS Rats were divided into five groups: control, 1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours, and 4 hours. Mesenteric ischemia was induced for the respective durations in each group. After these periods, we measured blood flow using laser Doppler. We also collected blood samples and intestinal biopsies for biochemical parameter analysis. These values were assessed in relation to intestinal viability using the Chiu ischemia scoring system. RESULTS Blood flow measurement with laser Doppler correlated with both the duration and severity of bowel ischemia. No significant relationship was found between CRP levels and the duration of ischemia. However, creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels were significantly higher in ischemia lasting into the third and fourth hours. CONCLUSION Creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels may be useful biomarkers in patients with suspected acute mesenteric ischemia (AMI). Blood flow measurements using laser Doppler can accurately identify intestinal loops for resection during surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurullah Aksoy
- Department of General Surgery, International Adn Hospital, Gaziantep-Türki̇ye
| | - Davut Sinan Kaplan
- Department of Physiology, Gaziantep University Faculty of Medicine Gaziantep-Türki̇ye
| | - Mustafa Orkmez
- Department of Biochemistry, Gaziantep University Faculty of Medicine, Gaziantep-Türki̇ye
| | - Ömer Eronat
- Department of Pathology, Gaziantep University Faculty of Medicine, Gaziantep-Türki̇ye
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Bostancıklıoğlu M, Kaplan DS, Temiz E, Yiğit E. Local myelin damage in the hippocampus fluctuates gut microbiome profile and memory. J Psychiatr Res 2023; 158:392-402. [PMID: 36646037 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The concept of the gut-brain axis has focused research on how gut dysbiosis affects myelin biology in the brain. However, this axis has not been tested to determine whether it conveys the effects of myelin damage on the gut microbiome profile. Therefore, we aimed to investigate how myelin biology is correlated with gut microbiome profile. The impact of local myelin damage in the hippocampus on gut microbiome profile was investigated with 16S rRNA metagenomic sequence and molecular analysis of myelin biology-associated proteins, and its reflections on memory performance were tested with behavioral tests. Local myelin damage in the hippocampus triggered severe gut dysbiosis, p < .05, changed memory performance, p < .05, and deviated emotional responses. Moreover, myelin treatment with clemastine improved gut dysbiosis and behavioral deviations. Our study provides animal-based evidence on the direct interaction between glial biology in the hippocampus and gut microbiome profile. This study proposes a framework for generating new hypotheses bridging different systems to the gut-brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Davut Sinan Kaplan
- Department of Physiology, Gaziantep University Faculty of Medicine, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Ebru Temiz
- Program of Medical Promotion and Marketing, Health Services Vocational School, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - Elif Yiğit
- Department of Physiology, Gaziantep University Faculty of Medicine, Gaziantep, Turkey
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Çakmak G, Kaplan DS, Yıldırım C, Ulusal H, Tarakçıoğlu M, Öztürk ZA. Improvement of cognitive deficit of curcumin on scopolamine-induced Alzheimer's disease models. Caspian J Intern Med 2022; 13:16-22. [PMID: 35178203 PMCID: PMC8797824 DOI: 10.22088/cjim.13.1.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been suggested that curcumin may be useful in diseases with cognitive dysfunction because it slows the progression and leads to the improvement of cognitive functions. In this study, the protective effects of curcumin on scopolamine-induced rat models of cognitive impairment were evaluated. METHODS 21 male Wistar Albino rats, 1 year old, 200±25 grams, were included in the study. They were divided into three groups (n: 7 in each group); the untreated control group, scopolamine group, and the group treated with curcumin and then exposed to scopolamine. Animals were evaluated for behavioral tasks with the Morris Water Maze test. Interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), total oxidative status (TOS), and total antioxidative status (TAS) were measured in hippocampal tissues. CRP levels were measured in serum specimens. RESULTS We found that the length to reach the platform was the highest in the scopolamine group, and the lowest in the curcumin group (p<0.001). Time to reach the platform was the longest in the scopolamine group, and the shortest in the curcumin group (P=0.002). The length to reach the platform was the highest in the scopolamine group, and the lowest in the control group in the probe test (p<0.001). IL-6 levels were higher in the scopolamine group than the curcumin group (P=0.017) and the control group (P=0.005). CONCLUSION We revealed that curcumin provides a protective effect on scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment mimicking Alzheimer's disease. The use of curcumin for the protection of cognition in individuals at risk of developing AD may be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Güzin Çakmak
- Gaziantep University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Davut Sinan Kaplan
- Gaziantep University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Caner Yıldırım
- Gaziantep University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Hasan Ulusal
- Gaziantep University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Tarakçıoğlu
- Gaziantep University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Zeynel Abidin Öztürk
- Gaziantep University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine, Gaziantep, Turkey
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Şen E, Kaplan DS, Bozdağ Z, Örkmez M, Mızrak A, Şen H, Bayrak Ö. The effect of tramadol on oxidative stress total antioxidant levels in rats with renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. Turk J Urol 2020; 46:388-392. [PMID: 32915716 DOI: 10.5152/tud.2020.20227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the protective effect of tramadol on renal tissue in rats with induced renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (I/R injury), and its effects on oxidative stress. MATERIAL AND METHODS Thirty adult, male Wistar rats weighing 250-300 g were selected as subjects. Rats were randomized into 3 groups: group 1, sham; group 2, renal I/R injury; and group 3, renal I/R+Tramadol. In order to obtain ischemia in groups 2 and 3, renal artery was clamped for 1 h. Total oxidant status (TOS) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were analyzed using biochemical assays in the serum samples. RESULTS TOS values were measured as 1.68±0.4 in group 1, 3.35±1.0 in group 2, and 3.49±0.9 in group 3. When group 1 was compared with group 2 and group 3, the TOS values of group 1 were significantly lower (p<0.05), whereas there was no difference between group 2 and group 3 (p>0.05). TAC values were measured as 1.65±1.4 in group 1, 1.85±0.1 in group 2, and 2.79±0.6 in group 3. The antioxidant status of group 1 was not significantly different from that of group 2 (p>0.05), whereas there was a significant difference between group 1 and group 3 (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS Tramadol has positive effects on antioxidant levels in renal I/R injury. We think that tramadol may be used in patients who underwent renal surgery and have I/R injury risk. There is a need for studies on this subject including human series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elzem Şen
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Gaziantep University Faculty of Medicine, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Davut Sinan Kaplan
- Department of Physiology, Gaziantep University Faculty of Medicine, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Zehra Bozdağ
- Department of Pathology, Gaziantep University Faculty of Medicine, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Örkmez
- Department of Biochemistry, Gaziantep University Faculty of Medicine, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Mızrak
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Gaziantep University Faculty of Medicine, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Haluk Şen
- Department of Urology, Gaziantep University Faculty of Medicine, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Ömer Bayrak
- Department of Urology, Gaziantep University Faculty of Medicine, Gaziantep, Turkey
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Demir E, Taysi S, Ulusal H, Kaplan DS, Cinar K, Tarakcioglu M. Nigella sativa oil and thymoquinone reduce oxidative stress in the brain tissue of rats exposed to total head irradiation. Int J Radiat Biol 2019; 96:228-235. [PMID: 31638880 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2020.1683636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate the antioxidant and radio-protective effects of Nigella sativa oil (NSO) and thymoquinone (TQ) on radiation-induced oxidative stress in brain tissue.Materials and methods: Fifty-four Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into six groups to test the radio-protective effectiveness of Nigella sativa oil and thymoquine administered by either orogastric tube or intraperitoneal injection. Appropriate control groups were also studied.Results: Brain antioxidant capacity, as measured by the levels of total superoxide scavenger activity (TSSA), non-enzymatic superoxide scavenger activity (NSSA), superoxide dismutase, paraoxonase (PON) activities, total antioxidant status and total sulfhydryl (-SH) group, were lower in the irradiation (IR) only group while xanthine oxidase (XO) activity, total oxidant status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI) and lipid hydroperoxide (LOOH) levels were higher in the group compared with all other groups. Brain glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity significantly decreased in the IR only group when compared with the control groups. Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity was lower in the IR only, NSO plus IR, TQ plus IR groups when compared with the control group of TQ. Arylesterase (ARYL) activity was not statistically significant in the IR only group compared with all other groups.Conclusions: The results suggest that Nigella sativa oil (NSO) and its active component, TQ, clearly protect brain tissue from radiation-induced oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Demir
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Harran University, College of Health, Sanlıurfa, Turkey
| | - Seyithan Taysi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical School, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Hasan Ulusal
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical School, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Davut Sinan Kaplan
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Kadir Cinar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical School, Sanko University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Tarakcioglu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical School, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
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Kumru B, Ozturk Hismi B, Kaplan DS, Celik H. Studying the effect of large neutral amino acid supplements on oxidative stress in phenylketonuric patients. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2019; 32:269-274. [PMID: 30835252 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2018-0454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Oxidative stress may be one of the causes responsible for mental retardation in phenylketonuria (PKU) patients. Phenylalanine (Phe) reduces antioxidant defense and promotes oxidative stress by causing increase in reactive oxygen-nitrogen species. Our study aimed to investigate the effect of different treatments (amino acid mixture/large neutral amino acid [LNAA] supplements) on oxidative stress which are applied to late-diagnosed patients. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the effect of LNAA supplements on oxidative stress. Methods Twenty late-diagnosed classic PKU patients were included in this study. Patients were classified into two groups: patients under Phe-restricted diet and using Phe-free amino acid mixtures (Group I) (mean age: 13.8 ± 2.8), and patients taking LNAA supplements (Group II) (mean age: 14.8 ± 3.8). Healthy controls (mean age: 13.6 ± 4.8) with ages consistent with the ages of the patients in the experimental groups were included. Results Glutathione peroxidase is lower in patients of taking LNAA supplements than the control group (p = 0.022). Coenzyme Q10 is lower in patients of using Phe-free amino acid mixtures than the control group and it is significantly higher in Group II than Group I (p = 0.0001, p = 0.028, respectively). No significant differences were detected in total antioxidant status, total oxidant status, oxidative stress index, paraoxonase 1 and L-carnitine levels. Conclusions Different treatments affect oxidative stress parameters in PKU patients. In this study, although patients were followed up with classic PKU, patient-specific adjuvant antioxidant therapies should be implemented in response to oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Kumru
- Division of Nutrition and Diet, Gaziantep Cengiz Gökçek Maternity and Children's Hospital, Gaziantep, Turkey, Phone: +905321623092, Fax: +03423600888
| | - Burcu Ozturk Hismi
- Division of Pediatric Metabolism and Nutrition, Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | | | - Hakim Celik
- Division of Physiology, Harran University, Sanlıurfa, Turkey
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Gol M, Demiryurek S, Sinan Kaplan D, Saracaloglu A, Orkmez M, Tuncay Demiryurek A. N–(p–amylcinnamoyl) anthranilic acid attenuates remedial effects of memantine on memory deficits following intracerebroventricular streptozotocin administration in rats. Arch Ital Biol 2019; 157:24-36. [DOI: 10.12871/00039829201913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is mainly secreted by the liver. It is a factor that is not fully understood in relation to growth. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) is a deacetylase protein. It is thought that may have an effect on the release and function of GH and IGF-1. Visfatin is synthesized from adipose tissue as primary. It may be prognostic marker associated with growth factors. As a result of our work, FGF21 is not associated with short stature but levels of SIRT1 and visfatin are associated with short stature. The decrease in visfatin value in the short-stature group is thought to be due to an insufficient amount of adipose tissue, which is important for growth and development. SIRT1 might decrease GH effect by increasing STAT5 deacetylation in the liver and we think that the result of this reduction of SIRT1 would negatively impact IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davut Sinan Kaplan
- a Medical Faculty, Department of Physiology, Health Sciences Institution , University of Gaziantep , Gaziantep , Turkey
| | - Asuman Canak
- a Medical Faculty, Department of Physiology, Health Sciences Institution , University of Gaziantep , Gaziantep , Turkey
| | - Emregul Isık
- b The Polyclinic Child Endocrinology , Gaziantep Cengiz Gökcek Maternity and Children's Hospital , Gaziantep , Turkey
| | - Mustafa Orkmez
- c Medical Faculty, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Health Sciences Institution , University of Gaziantep , Gaziantep , Turkey
| | - Burcu Kumru
- d Nutritionist, Division of Nutrition and Diet , Gaziantep Cengiz Gökcek Maternity and Children's Hospital , Gaziantep , Turkey
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Kumru B, Kaplan DS, Oztürk Hismi B, Celik H. Effect of Blood Phenylalanine Levels on Oxidative Stress in Classical Phenylketonuric Patients. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2017; 38:1033-1038. [PMID: 29285660 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-017-0573-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Mental retardation, which occurs in phenylketonuric patients, is associated with increased levels of phenylalanine, increased oxidative stress, and an imbalance of amino acids in the brain. Recent studies have shown that oxidative stress plays a role in the pathogenesis of phenylketonuria. In this work, we aimed to compare the influence of blood phenylalanine levels on oxidative stress parameters in phenylketonuric patients who divided patients into groups according to blood Phe levels during follow-up visits and compared these groups with healthy controls. Results showed significant differences in glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx), coenzyme Q10 (Q10), Q10/cholesterol, and L-carnitine levels in phenylketonuria patients and the control group. GSHPx, Q10, and Q10/cholesterol levels were significantly lower in poor adherence patients than in the control groups. L-carnitine levels were significantly increased in good adherence patients than poor adherence patients and decreased in poor adherence patients than healthy controls. No correlations were observed between phenylalanine and L-carnitine concentrations in poor adherence group. No significant differences were observed in paraoxonase 1 (PON1), total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS) and oxidative stress index (OSI) levels. As a result, in this work, poor adherence patients are prone to oxidative stress. Although the patients may have the same diagnosis, patients have different clinical characteristics and different prognosis. Antioxidants can be used as an adjuvant therapy in order to avoid neurological damage in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Kumru
- Division of Nutrition and Diet, Gaziantep Cengiz Gökçek Maternity and Children's Hospital, Gaziantep, Turkey.
| | | | - Burcu Oztürk Hismi
- Division of Pediatric Metabolism and Nutrition, Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Hakim Celik
- Division of Physiology, Harran University, Sanlıurfa, Turkey
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Dolu N, Şahin L, Kaplan DS, Demir T, Şimşek H, Şahin M, Cengiz B. The effects of bupivacaine combined with different adjuvants on block onset and duration and on ion channel expressions (SCN9A, TRPM) in sciatic nerve block in rats. Turk J Med Sci 2016; 46:926-35. [PMID: 27513275 DOI: 10.3906/sag-1502-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM The objective of this experimental study was to examine the effects of epinephrine, dexmedetomidine, and clonidine added as adjuvants to bupivacaine on block onset and effect times, as well as the effects on the Na+ and Ca+2 channel gene expressions, which may indicate cell damage in the sciatic nerve cell membrane. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rats were divided into five groups: Group S (sham), saline solution; Group B, bupivacaine; Group BD, bupivacaine + dexmedetomidine; Group BC, bupivacaine + clonidine; and Group BE, bupivacaine + epinephrine. For each group, 0.2 mL of local anesthetic was injected into the sciatic nerve bifurcation point of the right leg. Sensory (proprioceptive and nociceptive block) and motor block onset and ending times were recorded. RESULTS The shortest onset time for the examined sciatic block was observed in the BC group, whereas the longest sensory and motor block times were observed in the BD group. The present data suggest suppressed TRPM7 and increased TRPM2 in the groups other than the BE group. CONCLUSION Clonidine is more suitable for fast onset of peripheral nerve blocks, whereas the addition of dexmedetomidine is better in terms of duration. Because the SCN9A and TRPM2,4,7 expression ratios of the BE group showed the least amount of change, this group had the best cellular integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurgül Dolu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pazarcık State Hospital, Kahramanmaraş, Turkey
| | - Levent Şahin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Davut Sinan Kaplan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Tuncer Demir
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Hasan Şimşek
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dumlupınar University, Kütahya, Turkey
| | - Mehrican Şahin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Dünya Göz Hospital, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Beyhan Cengiz
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
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Demirkol M, Kaplan DS, Yolcu U, Aras MH, Erkilic S, Demir T. Effects of low-level laser therapy on osteoblastic bone formation and relapse in an experimental rapid maxillary expansion model. Niger J Clin Pract 2015; 18:607-11. [DOI: 10.4103/1119-3077.154218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Demir T, Yumrutas O, Cengiz B, Demiryurek S, Unverdi H, Kaplan DS, Bayraktar R, Ozkul N, Bagcı C. Evaluation of TRPM (transient receptor potential melastatin) genes expressions in myocardial ischemia and reperfusion. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 41:2845-9. [PMID: 24445530 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3139-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2013] [Accepted: 01/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the expression levels of TRPM1, TRPM2, TRPM3, TRPM4, TRPM5, TRPM6, TRPM7, and TRPM8 genes were evaluated in heart tissues after ischemia/reperfusion (IR). For this study, 30 albino male Wistar rats were equally divided into three groups as follows: Group 1: control group (n:10), Group II: ischemia group (ischemia for 60 min) (n:10) and Group III: IR (reperfusion 48 h after ischemia for 60 min and reperfusion for 48 h). The expression levels of the TRPM genes were analyzed by semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase-PCR. When compared to the ischemia control, the expression levels of TRPM2, TRPM4, and TRPM6 did not change, whereas that of TRPM7 increased. However, TRPM1, TRPM3, TRPM5, and TRPM8 were not expressed in heart tissue. Histopathological analysis of the myocardial tissues showed that the structures that were most damaged were those exposed to IR. The findings showed that there is a positive relationship between TRPM7 expression and myocardial IR injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuncer Demir
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Gaziantep, 27310, Gaziantep, Turkey
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Dokuyucu R, Demir T, Erbağci AB, Orkmez M, Bahar AY, Bayraktar R, Bozgeyik I, Kaplan DS, Cengiz B, Bağci BC. The role of hepcidin and its related genes (BMP6, GDF-15, and HJV) in rats exposed to ischemia and reperfusion. Turk J Med Sci 2014; 44:576-581. [PMID: 25551924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM To determine the roles of hepcidin and its related genes in a renal ischemia/reperfusion model. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 20 Wistar albino rats were equally divided into 2 groups: Group I was the control group and Group II was the ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) group (60 min of ischemia + 48 h of reperfusion). I/R was performed on the left kidneys of these rats and then the I/R-treated kidneys were removed. The levels of serum biochemical markers were evaluated after renal I/R. The expression levels of hepcidin-linked genes [growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15), bone morphogenetic protein 6 (BMP6), and hemojuvelin (HJV)] were also measured by RT-PCR technique. In addition, the tissues were evaluated histopathologically. RESULTS No significant association was found between renal dysfunction and I/R when compared to biochemical parameters (P > 0.05). However, differences in platelet values were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Expression levels of GDF-15, BMP6, and HJV genes increased, but this increase was not statistically significant. In addition, histopathological evaluation was performed using hematoxylin and eosin stain. This showed a significant relationship between the control group and I/R group for ischemic and nonischemic kidney scoring. CONCLUSION Hepcidin and BMP6, HJV, and GDF-15 should be taken into account when investigating the process of I/R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Recep Dokuyucu
- Department of Medical Physiology, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey.
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Demiryürek S, Koruk I, Bozdag Z, Ozkara E, Kaplan DS, Oztuzcu S, Cetinkaya A, Alasehirli B, Demiryürek AT. Investigation of the esophageal Rho-kinase expression in patients with Barrett's esophagus. Ultrastruct Pathol 2013; 37:284-9. [PMID: 23789633 DOI: 10.3109/01913123.2013.797064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms responsible for the malignant transformation in Barrett's esophagus (BE) are still poorly understood. The authors have evaluated the role of Rho-kinase (ROCK1 and ROCK2) expressions in patients with BE. All patients underwent upper gastrointestinal system endoscopy, which was confirmed histologically. Real-time PCR revealed no marked change in gene expressions of ROCK1 and ROCK2 at mRNA levels in BE when compared to controls. Immunohistochemical and western blot analyses showed no change in ROCK1 and ROCK2 protein expressions in BE. This study demonstrates that Rho-kinase gene and protein expressions are not modified in BE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seniz Demiryürek
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Gaziantep, Gaziantep, Turkey
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Cevik M, Demir T, Karadag CA, Ketani MA, Celik H, Kaplan DS, Boleken ME. Preliminary study of efficacy of hyaluronic acid on caustic esophageal burns in an experimental rat model. J Pediatr Surg 2013; 48:716-23. [PMID: 23583124 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2012.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2012] [Revised: 07/05/2012] [Accepted: 08/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of hyaluronic acid on the prevention of esophageal damage and stricture formation after experimental caustic (alkaline) esophageal injury in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-one Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into three groups. A caustic esophageal burn was created following the Gehanno model: Group l (n=7) underwent operation, but no injury; Group 2 (n=7) was injured and left untreated; and Group 3 (n=7) was injured and treated with hyaluronic acid, first topically and then orally by gavage (2×0.3mL; 12.5mg/mL for 7days). The caustic esophageal burn was created by instilling 25% NaOH into the distal esophagus. All rats were euthanized on day 22 for evaluation. The efficacy of hyaluronic acid treatment was assessed histopathologically and biochemically via blood determination of the total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI), and sulfhydryl group (SH) and lipid hydroperoxidase (LOOH) levels. Statistical analyses were performed. RESULTS Weight gain was significantly lower in Group 2 than in the other two groups (P<0.05). The mean stenosis index, histopathologic damage score, TAS, TOS, OSI, and SH and LOOH levels were higher in Group 2 than in the other two groups. The mean stenosis index, inflammation, TAS, SH and OSI in Group 2 were significantly different than those in the other two groups (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Hyaluronic acid treatment is effective in treating damage and preventing strictures after caustic esophageal burn in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muazez Cevik
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey.
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Onat AM, Pehlivan Y, Turkbeyler IH, Demir T, Kaplan DS, Ceribasi AO, Orkmez M, Tutar E, Taysi S, Sayarlioglu M, Kisacik B. Urotensin Inhibition with Palosuran Could Be a Promising Alternative in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Inflammation 2012; 36:405-12. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-012-9559-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Demir T, Turkbeyler I, Kaplan DS, Pehlivan Y, Orkmez M, Tutar E, Taysi S, Kisacik B, Onat AM, Bagcı C. Effectiveness of Palosuran in Bleomycin-Induced Experimental Scleroderma. Inflammation 2012; 36:75-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-012-9521-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Abstract
Following adverse clinical events involving seven patients undergoing renal dialysis using 12-year-old cellulose acetate hemodialyzers, this in vitro study was proposed in an effort to characterize the inflammatory response to the constituent cellulose acetate (CA) fiber materials. Chemiluminescence (CL) and apoptosis assays were used to determine whether human neutrophils were activated by CA fiber materials and/or are sensitive to degradation/alteration of these fibers over time. Furthermore, the study examined in vitro assays with human neutrophils using a CA film, the solvents used in the film preparation and CA resin. The film could be cut to identical sized pieces in an effort to compare hemodialysis material effects in standardized amounts. For the CL assays, 60-min exposure was followed by secondary stimulation with n-formyl-met-leu-phe (fMLP) or phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA). Short-term exposure (60-min postintroduction to CA materials) increased the inflammatory response as measured by the respiratory burst of neutrophils (p < or =.05), with CA fiber exposure significantly compared with cells alone. There was a trend toward an increased response with exposure to older fibers with secondary PMA stimulation. Apoptosis was increased 12% with exposure to the more aged fibers versus 2% with the new fibers. The fiber storage component, glycerol, significantly inhibited the oxidative response (p < or =.001; > or =80% suppression with concentrations of 5-20%). The solvents used in film preparation, N,N-dimethylacetamide and tetrahydrofuran, produced greater than a 70% and 60% suppression, respectively, of CL activity for all concentrations > or =1%. More work is needed to determine the specific nature of the interaction of inflammatory cells with CA materials, but early evidence suggests that neutrophils are activated by CA and display an altered response to more aged fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Moore
- Department of Periodontics, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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20
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Achalasia is treated with pneumatic dilation or myotomy, and botulinum toxin injections are occasionally used. We review our community's experience with expandable metal stents in six patients who failed medical treatment or were poor surgical candidates. METHODS Eight stents were placed in six patients between July 1995 and November 1997. Four patients had achalasia and two pseudoachalasia. Four patients underwent successive botulinum toxin injections. One patient only agreed to periodic Maloney dilatations or a stent. Pneumatic dilation was performed in one patient and considered high risk in the rest. All were poor surgical candidates. Three different stents were used: Gianturco Rosch Z stent, Wallstent I, and Wallstent II. RESULTS One-month mortality and morbidity were 33% and 50%, respectively. Two patients were asymptomatic on a liquid diet for > or =6 months but required repeat endoscopy for recurrent dysphagia because of food bolus impaction and proximal stent migration in each. CONCLUSIONS Expandable metal stents in achalasia or pseudoachalasia do not provide sustained symptom relief, and their use is associated with unacceptably high morbidity and mortality. We do not recommend the use of these devices in patients who have failed medical therapy or who are poor surgical candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mukherjee
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York Health Science Center at Syracuse, USA
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Mukherjee S, Kaplan DS, Parasher G, Sipple MS, Otto G, Kreft A, Galle PR, Kanzler S. Expandable metal stents in achalasia--is there a role? Am J Gastroenterol 2000. [PMID: 11007215 DOI: 10.1111/j.1572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Achalasia is treated with pneumatic dilation or myotomy, and botulinum toxin injections are occasionally used. We review our community's experience with expandable metal stents in six patients who failed medical treatment or were poor surgical candidates. METHODS Eight stents were placed in six patients between July 1995 and November 1997. Four patients had achalasia and two pseudoachalasia. Four patients underwent successive botulinum toxin injections. One patient only agreed to periodic Maloney dilatations or a stent. Pneumatic dilation was performed in one patient and considered high risk in the rest. All were poor surgical candidates. Three different stents were used: Gianturco Rosch Z stent, Wallstent I, and Wallstent II. RESULTS One-month mortality and morbidity were 33% and 50%, respectively. Two patients were asymptomatic on a liquid diet for > or =6 months but required repeat endoscopy for recurrent dysphagia because of food bolus impaction and proximal stent migration in each. CONCLUSIONS Expandable metal stents in achalasia or pseudoachalasia do not provide sustained symptom relief, and their use is associated with unacceptably high morbidity and mortality. We do not recommend the use of these devices in patients who have failed medical therapy or who are poor surgical candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mukherjee
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York Health Science Center at Syracuse, USA
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Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) has been reported in 10-22% of adults. Using a semistructured clinical interview to study the prevalence of IBS, we compared 31 patients seeking treatment for alcohol abuse or dependence in an outpatient setting with an age- and sex-matched control group of 40 patients who were seeking treatment in a general physician's office for other medical illnesses. The control group did not have any Axis I disorders. IBS was diagnosed according to the criteria of Drossman et al. Thirteen (41.9%) patients with alcohol abuse or dependence met the criteria for IBS, in contrast to 1 (2.5%) patient in the control group. We conclude that IBS is common and frequently underdiagnosed in patients with alcohol abuse or dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Masand
- Department of Psychiatry, SUNY Health Science Center, Syracuse, New York 13210, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Portal hypertension is frequently associated with secondary hypersplenism, two common clinical manifestations of which are leukopenia and thrombocytopenia. Surgical portosystemic shunts alleviate portal hypertension but their effect on hypersplenism remains unpredictable. Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) is a minimally invasive procedure for portal decompression. From current reports it is not clear if TIPS improves hypersplenism in patients with portal hypertension. We present a retrospective review of our experience with TIPS to determine the effect on hypersplenism. PATIENTS AND METHODS Sixty-five patients who had a TIPS procedure between December 1991 and June 1994 were evaluated retrospectively. The records were specifically reviewed for platelet and white blood cell counts performed before the procedure, within a week after the procedure, and then again within the subsequent 3 weeks. Hypersplenism was defined as thrombocytopenia (platelet count of <100,000/mm3), leukopenia (white blood cell count of <5,000/mm3), or both. RESULTS Thrombocytopenia alone was present in 33 patients and leukopenia alone in 4 patients before TIPS was performed. Both leukopenia and thrombocytopenia were present in 12 individuals. At least one of these indices of hypersplenism was present in 49 patients. Leukocyte count improved in 11 of 16 patients (69%) whereas platelet count improved in 34 of 45 patients (75%) within a week of the procedure. In the subsequent 3 weeks, leukopenia was relieved in 5 of 10 patients (50%) and thrombocytopenia in 21 of 28 patients (75%), respectively. Of the 12 patients who had both leukopenia and thrombocytopenia before TIPS, the indices improved in 4 patients (33%) within a week of the procedure. Thrombocytopenia was more consistently corrected as opposed to leukopenia, albeit in the short term. CONCLUSION The TIPS procedure is a promising, minimally invasive method of portal decompression that is effective in the treatment of complications of portal hypertension including secondary hypersplenism.
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Affiliation(s)
- K G Pursnani
- Department of Surgery, SUNY Health Science Center at Syracuse, New York 13210, USA
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Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) has been reported in 10% to 22% of adults. The authors compared patients seeking treatment for dysthymia (N = 59) in an outpatient setting to an age- and sex-matched comparison group of patients (N = 54) seeking treatment in a general physician's office for other medical illnesses. The comparison group did not have any Axis I disorders. IBS was diagnosed by using the criteria established by Drossman and colleagues. Of the patients screened, 59.32% of the patients with dysthymia met criteria for IBS in contrast to 1.85% of the comparison group (P < 0.000005). IBS is extremely prevalent in patients seeking treatment for dysthymia and is often undiagnosed and untreated.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Masand
- Department of Psychiatry, State University of New York (SUNY) Health Science Center, Syracuse 13210, USA
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Kaplan DS. Managed care: gag clauses and doctor-patient communication: state responses. J Law Med Ethics 1997; 25:213-218. [PMID: 11066495 DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-720x.1997.tb01897.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Nizam R, Siddiqi N, Landas SK, Kaplan DS, Holtzapple PG. Colonic tattooing with India ink: benefits, risks, and alternatives. Am J Gastroenterol 1996; 91:1804-8. [PMID: 8792702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To provide comprehensive information on key issues concerning colonic tattooing with India ink in reported literature. METHODS A total of 735 citations on India ink alone were present in the English literature (1966-1995), including 16 on India ink and colonic tattooing. Nine major studies were identified and reviewed for 1) preparation before tattooing (type of ink used, sterilization process, colonic preparation, and antibiotic prophylaxis), 2) the tattooing process (technique and volume injected), 3) success in localization, and 4) complications. RESULTS A'total of 447 cases of colonic tattooing with India ink have been reported. Major indication was preoperative marking of tumor site. Various India ink preparations were used. Ink was unsterilized in 57% (255/447), autoclaved in 42% (187/447), and gas sterilized in 1% (5/447) of cases. Colonic preparation varied similarly. Prophylactic antibiotics were used in 1% (5/447) of cases. Dilution of India ink varied from undiluted to 1:100 (with 0.9% saline). The volume injected ranged from 0.1 to 2 ml per site injected, commonly with tangential needle insertion and delivery of ink into the submucosa in the majority of the cases. Intraoperative localization was easier with multiple tattoo injections. Five reports of complications have been made. In only one instance did overt clinical complications develop. Risk of a clinical complication with colonic tattooing with India ink is 0.22%. CONCLUSION Marked variability in technique, as well as potential for reporting bias, limit the quantitative conclusions. In general, colonic tattooing with India ink is a safe, accurate, and inexpensive method for preoperative marking and prospective study of colonic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Nizam
- Division of Gastroenterology, S.U.N.Y. Health Science Center, Syracuse, USA
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28
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Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) has been reported in 10 to 22% of adults. Using a semi-structured clinical interview to study the prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome, we compared 41 patients seeking treatment for panic disorder in an outpatient setting to an age- and sex-matched control group of 40 patients who were seeking treatment in a general physician's office for other medical illnesses. The control group did not have any Axis I disorders. IBS was diagnosed according to the criteria of Drossman et al. Nineteen (46.3%) patients with panic disorder met the criteria for IBS, in contrast to one (2.5%) patient in the control group (p < 0.000005). Patients with panic disorder and IBS were more likely to report symptoms of back pain as well as a personal history of bowel disease compared to patients with panic disorder but without IBS. IBS is fairly common in patients seeking treatment for panic disorder. Prospective studies should address the question whether treatment of panic disorder leads to an improvement or resolution of the symptoms of IBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Kaplan
- Department of Medicine, SUNY Health Science Center, USA
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Masand PS, Kaplan DS, Gupta S, Bhandary AN, Nasra GS, Kline MD, Margo KL. Major depression and irritable bowel syndrome: is there a relationship? J Clin Psychiatry 1995; 56:363-7. [PMID: 7635853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) has been reported in 10% to 22% of adults. Seventy percent to 90% of patients with IBS who seek medical attention have psychiatric comorbidity, most commonly major depression. In contrast, few studies have looked at the prevalence of IBS among psychiatric patients. METHOD Using a semistructured clinical interview to study the prevalence of IBS, we compared 56 patients seeking treatment for major depression in an outpatient setting to an age- and sex-matched control group of patients (N = 40) who were seeking treatment in a general physician's office for other medical illnesses. The control group had no Axis I disorders. IBS was diagnosed according to the criteria of Drossman et al. RESULTS Twenty-seven percent (N = 15) of patients with major depression met criteria for IBS in contrast to 2.5% (N = 1) of the control group (p = .0005). Patients with major depression and IBS were more likely to report symptoms of back pain, weakness, heartburn, and nocturnal bowel movements as well as a personal or family history of bowel disease compared with patients with major depression but without IBS. CONCLUSION IBS is fairly common in patients seeking treatment for major depression. Prospective studies should address the question whether treatment of major depression leads to an improvement or resolution of the symptoms of IBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Masand
- Department of Psychiatry, State University of New York Health Science Center, Syracuse 13210, USA
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Abstract
Endoscopic ultrasonography (US) makes it possible to evaluate the layers of the wall of the gastrointestinal tract, as well as surrounding structures. The authors have used endoscopic US to evaluate the gastrointestinal tract in 160 patients. In the esophagus, endoscopic US is useful in staging esophageal carcinoma, planning radiation therapy ports, and locating and characterizing esophageal masses. Endoscopic US of the esophagus is also used to identify varices and evaluate the results of therapy. Applications of endoscopic US in the stomach include staging of gastric carcinoma, localization and characterization of nonmucosal gastric masses, detection and evaluation of gastric varices, and evaluation of gastric lymphoma. In the pancreas, endoscopic US is used for detecting pancreatic masses; staging pancreatic, distal common bile duct, and ampullary carcinoma; and evaluation biliary tract obstruction. Applications of endoscopic US in the rectum include localization and characterization of nonmucosal lesions and local staging of rectal carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Wojtowycz
- Department of Radiology, State University of New York Health Science Center, Syracuse 13210, USA
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Walker JJ, Kaplan DS. Efficacy of the somatostatin analog octreotide in the treatment of two patients with refractory diabetic diarrhea. Am J Gastroenterol 1993; 88:765-7. [PMID: 8480746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Two patients with severe refractory diabetes-related diarrhea are described. One patient had steatorrhea. Both responded to octreotide during a mean follow-up period of 7 months. The pathophysiology of diabetic diarrhea and the potential mechanism of action of octreotide are discussed. The only adverse side effect reported was hypoglycemia in one of the patients, which required a reduction of the insulin dose. Octreotide is a safe and effective agent for the treatment of refractory diabetic diarrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Walker
- Department of Medicine, University Hospital, State University of New York Health Science Center, Syracuse
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Kaplan DS, Heisig DG, Roy AK, Wojtowycz AR, Spirt BA. Endoscopic ultrasound in the morbidly obese patient: a new indication. Am J Gastroenterol 1993; 88:593-4. [PMID: 8470645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D S Kaplan
- Department of Medicine, SUNY Health Science Center, Syracuse
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Lighty GW, Hare CL, Kaplan DS. Use of a mouth gag instrument to facilitate bite block insertion and prevent finger and probe bites during transesophageal echocardiography. Echocardiography 1992; 9:485-9. [PMID: 10147789 DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-8175.1992.tb00491.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Transesophageal echocardiography greatly enhances the examination of patients difficult to image transthoracically. While of low patient risk, a potential for harm from human bites to the echocardiography staff and to the transesophageal probe remains, particularly when dealing with uncooperative patients. This risk potential prompted implementation of additional anti-bite protection in our universal precautions policy beyond use of a standard mouth guard. A mouth gag instrument was modified by placing latex rubber tubing over the instrument blades. This instrument was inserted into the mouth and set in an open position giving the operator safe access for probe and mouth bite guard insertion. This technique improved access to the patient's mouth and visualization of probe insertion without the mouth bite guard. The mouth gag instrument provided an insertion of the transesophageal probe in impaired or otherwise uncooperative patients, which was safer for the patient, laboratory staff, and the probe itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- G W Lighty
- Department of Medicine, and the Cardiovascular Imaging and Training Center, SUNY Health Science Center at Syracuse, New York
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Picciolo GL, Kaplan DS. Application of quantitative immunofluorescence to clinical serology: antibody levels of Treponema pallidum. J Clin Microbiol 1992; 30:1294-6. [PMID: 1583134 PMCID: PMC265268 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.30.5.1294-1296.1992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A previously reported method of quantitative immunofluorescence, employing a calibrated photometric system and chemically stabilized fluorescence intensity, was used to replace the subjective, visual method of endpoint determination with a quantitative, calibrated measurement of antibodies to Treponema pallidum in serum. The results of the quantitative immunofluorescence method showed a 90% correlation with the subjective determinations of the visual method.
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Affiliation(s)
- G L Picciolo
- Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland 20852
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35
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Kaplan DS. Norfloxacin and protime elevation. Am J Gastroenterol 1990; 85:901. [PMID: 2371994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Nandi J, King RL, Kaplan DS, Levine RA. Mechanisms of gastric proton pump inhibition by calcium channel antagonists. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1990; 252:1102-7. [PMID: 2156990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The inhibitory effects of Ca channel antagonists on gastric acid secretion [[14C]-aminopyrine (AP) uptake ratio] have been analyzed in isolated rabbit parletal cells (PC). Secretagogue-stimulated AP uptake was inhibited by verapamil and diltiazem in a dose-dependent manner with IC50 values of 15 and 100 microM, respectively, both in the presence and absence of extracellular Ca. In contrast, nifedipine had no effect on AP accumulation. Verapamil decreased histamine-stimulated respiration with the same IC50 as observed for AP uptake. Imidazole, a weak base, by buffering the acid spaces in PC, reversed the inhibitory effect of verapamil on respiration. In the bullfrog gastric mucosa, forskolin-stimulated proton transport was inhibited by verapamil (10(-4) M) from the luminal but not the serosal side. This inhibitory effect was reversed by either elevating KCl concentration in, or removing the drug from, the secretory solution. Verapamil inhibited gastric microsomal H+,K(+)-adenosine triphosphatase (H+,K(+)-ATPase) and PC K(+)-stimulated p-nitrophenyl phosphatase activities with a higher potency than diltiazem. Inhibition of these enzymes by verapamil and diltiazem was pH dependent. The drugs competed with K+ in both H+,K(+)-ATPase and K(+)-stimulated p-nitrophenyl phosphatase reactions. Our data suggest that inhibition of the gastric proton pump by verapamil or diltiazem is not due to their Ca channel antagonism but to their interaction with the luminal high affinity K(+)-site of the H+,K(+)-ATPase under acidic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Nandi
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York Health Science Center, Syracuse
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McIvor AC, Meguid MM, Curtas S, Warren J, Kaplan DS. Intestinal obstruction from cecal bezoar; a complication of fiber-containing tube feedings. Nutrition 1990; 6:115-7. [PMID: 1966944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Dietary fiber increases stool bulk, regulates bowel transit time, and decreases intraluminal pressure. Because these actions constitute a natural way to stop diarrhea, a frequent problem with tube feedings, enteral tube feeding manufacturers have marketed several fiber-containing formulae. While bulk-forming agents such as fiber may not be appropriate for every tube-fed patient, we were unable to find any published contraindications to the use of fiber-containing enteral products. We present the case of a seriously ill man who received a fiber-containing tube feeding while also getting intestinal motility-suppressing medications. A large fiber bezoar developed, with resultant mesenteric hemorrhage. We conclude that fiber-containing tube feedings are contraindicated in certain types of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C McIvor
- Department of Surgery, SUNY Health Science Center, Syracuse 13210
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Kaplan DS, Fried MW. Migration of PEG tubes. Am J Gastroenterol 1989; 84:1590-1. [PMID: 2531975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Abstract
Methods currently used for immunofluorescent reagent standardization require subjective visual comparison of reagents with control materials. Reactivities of reagents in immunofluorescence test kits vary from manufacturer to manufacturer. To solve these problems, a quantitative immunofluorescence (QIF) method which uses a calibrated photometric system and incorporates reducing agents into the mounting medium to reduce fading was developed to replace the visual method of endpoint determination. A uranyl glass slide was used to calibrate the instrument's voltage measurements, permitting daily comparisons and measurement of the instrument reading fluctuations. The QIF method was initially tailored to the determination of serum antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii by measuring the fluorescence intensity of individual tagged organisms. The nonspecific fluorescence intensity resulting from the counterstain was eliminated by use of a red-suppressing filter. The dilution-correlated polar fluorescence component was removed by subtraction of the intensity for the matching negative control dilution from each sample dilution intensity. The QIF method showed a 94% correlation with the visual comparison method for 62 clinical specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Kaplan
- Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland 20852
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Abstract
This study reports our experience with the placement and long-term follow-up of 26 percutaneous endoscopic jejunostomy (PEJ) tubes in 23 patients over a 2-year period. Eighty-four percent of the PEJ tubes failed and were functional for an average of only 39.5 days. The reasons for failure were: (1) separation of the inner PEJ tube from the outer gastrostomy tube (59%); (2) clogging (32%) due to small PEJ tube diameter; and (3) kinking and knotting (9%). Upper gastrointestinal bleeding occurred in 30% of the patients (7 of 23). Only one patient required blood transfusions (2 units). The etiology of the bleeding was not determined. These patients had a previous history of acid-peptic disease and bleeding occurred despite cimetidine treatment. In contrast, only 1 of the 16 nonbleeding patients had acid-peptic disease (p less than 0.0001) and none were on cimetidine. The frequency of aspiration pneumonia decreased from 13 episodes during nasogastric tube feedings to 5 episodes during PEJ tube feedings. Improvement in the design of the PEJ tubes may increase the longevity and effectiveness of the tubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Kaplan
- Department of Medicine, Veterans Administration Medical Center, Syracuse, New York
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Lesko SA, Li W, Zheng G, Callahan D, Kaplan DS, Midden WR, Strickland PT. Quantitative immunofluorescence assay for cyclobutyldithymidine dimers in individual mammalian cells. Carcinogenesis 1989; 10:641-6. [PMID: 2649263 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/10.4.641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
An indirect immunofluorescence procedure was developed for the measurement of cyclobutyl dithymidine dimers in DNA of individual Syrian hamster embryo cells using a specific monoclonal antibody. A fluorescein-labeled secondary antibody and a fluorochrome which binds to DNA were used to measure the photoproduct and total DNA in the same nucleus. Fluorescence intensity was quantitated with a computer-assisted microfluorometric system which was calibrated with a uranyl oxide impregnated glass slide. Similar dose-response curves, i.e. normalized fluorescence intensity plotted as a function of dose of germicidal irradiation, were obtained with two different cell types. Normalized fluorescence intensity per nucleus was related to thymidine dimer content with a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using DNA isolated from cells given doses of germicidal irradiation identical to those used in the immunofluorescence assay. Thymidine dimer levels produced by 10 J/m2 of germicidal irradiation (approximately 8 x 10(5)/nucleus) and which allow for 15-30% cell survival can readily be detected. The specific monoclonal antibody was labeled with tritium and used in the immunofluorescence assay to relate the number of antibodies bound to the number of thymidine dimers per cell. The data revealed that approximately 45% of the thymidine dimers in cells exposed to 100 J/m2 of germicidal irradiation and essentially all the T mean value of T in cells receiving 20 J/m2, were being detected in the indirect immunofluorescence assay. This technique can provide a sensitive means for measuring various types of DNA damage in individual cells given that the appropriate probes are available. It can be especially useful for monitoring occupationally or environmentally exposed populations where usually only small samples of cells or tissues are available.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Lesko
- Division of Biophysics, Johns Hopkins University, School of Hygiene and Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205-2179
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Abstract
The current method for measuring reagents for immunofluorescence microscopy involves a subjective evaluation of the endpoint (titer) with a negative or positive (1+ to 4+) scale. Variability is due to the biological constituents of the reagent, the observer, and the instrumentation. To have reliable methods for evaluation of performance of these products, we are developing a quantitative method that uses photometric measurements of microscopically observed epifluorescence of slide preparations. A computer-controlled microscope-photometer converts the light intensity into a voltage measurement. Our goal is to replace the subjective endpoint determination with an objective, quantitative method. The instrumentation and its operating characteristics are presented in this paper. Selected commercially available fluorescent materials were evaluated as calibrators for the instrumentation. These materials showed consistency in measurement and thus demonstrated their suitability for various levels of calibration. It is possible that they will prove useful as a reference standard for interlaboratory comparisons.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Kaplan
- Food and Drug Administration, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Rockville, Maryland 20852
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Kaplan DS, Murthy UK. An unusual case of gastric outlet obstruction. Am J Gastroenterol 1989; 84:203-4. [PMID: 2492757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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