Prevalence of poor body image and its correlation with self-esteem and depression in middle-aged women

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to determine the prevalence and predictors of poor body image and its influence on low self-esteem and depression in middle-aged women.

METHODS

The study was a cross-sectional survey of 372 women using a predesigned online questionnaire. Main outcome measures were mean scores on the nine-point body image scale (BIS) and prevalence of poor body image (BIS ≥ 10). Significant sociodemographic, physical and mental health predictors of BIS ≥ 10 were established using logistic regression analysis. Correlation of body image with self-esteem, assessed by Rosenberg's self-esteem scale, and depression, assessed by Beck's Depression Inventory, was established using Pearson's correlation coefficient and the odds ratios were determined using logistic regression analysis.

RESULTS

The mean scores obtained for body image were 5.52 (standard deviation 4.82) and the prevalence of BIS ≥ 10 was 17.4%. Significant predictors of poor body image were education status (0.59, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.39-0.89), body mass index (2.26, 95% CI = 1.12-4.55), social support structure (0.35, 95% CI = 0.16-0.79), diagnosis of mental illness (3.74, 95% CI = 1.31-10.66) and perception of menopause (positive vs. negative: 0.20, 95% CI = 0.07-0.55). Body image scores correlated with self-esteem (r = -0.46; 95% CI = -0.54 to -0.38) and depression (r = 0.59; 95% CI = 0.52-0.65). BIS ≥ 10 significantly increased the odds of low self-esteem (5.71; 95% CI = 2.66-12.26) and depression (11.25; 95% CI = 4.9-27.7).

CONCLUSIONS

The prevalence of poor body image in middle-aged women was 17.4%. This strongly correlated with low self-esteem and depression. A lower education status, higher body mass index, a negative perception of menopause, poor social support structure and a history of mental health diagnosis increased the odds of poor body image prevalence in middle-aged women.

Prognosis of oral epithelial dysplasia in individuals with and without oral lichen planus

OBJECTIVES

To investigate the role of oral lichen planus (OLP) on the long-term prognosis of oral epithelial dysplasia (OED).

METHODS

Retrospective single-centre cohort study using the 2007-2019 database of the Head and Neck Cancer and Oral Medicine units of University College London Hospital. The exposure of interest was the presence of OLP, and the prognostic outcomes included the development of new primary episodes of OED, progression to malignancy and mortality. Cox proportional hazard and Poisson regression models were performed.

RESULTS

A total of 299 patients, of whom 144 had OED arising on the background of OLP (OLP/OED) and 155 had OED without underlying OLP (non-OLP/OED), were included. A pre-existing diagnosis of OLP was significantly associated with a twofold increased risk of subsequent primary OED events (HR = 2.02, p = 0.04), which also developed faster (1.46 vs. 2.96 years, p = 0.04) and with more involvement of non-cancer-prone sites (p = 0.001) than in the non-OLP/OED group. There was no difference between groups in the progression to malignancy or mortality.

CONCLUSIONS

Oral lichen planus/OED patients are at higher risk of multiple episodes of primary OED, which can develop faster and at non-cancer-prone sites as compared to non-OLP/OED individuals. Further research is needed to clarify the effects of OLP upon progression to OSCC and mortality.

Contemporary management of advanced midface malignancy in the age of Instagram - a parallel surgical and patient's perspective

The internet and social media give our patients extraordinary access to information; in these unprecedented times of the COVID-19 pandemic, where so much of life takes place online, patients and professionals alike look to the internet more and more for information and (self-)diagnosis. This article details the treatment journey for a patient with a high-grade chondroblastic osteosarcoma of the right maxilla, paranasal area and zygoma, from misdiagnosis through to resection and full rehabilitation with free flap surgery and implant reconstruction. Uniquely, the article details the patient's treatment, in parallel with her own perception of the treatment, as shared on social media.

Alerts the reader to the power of social media as a tool to inform and educate the patient and the dental team.

Informs the reader of the power of social media as a means for the patient to describe and share their experiences - both positive and negative.

Describes contemporary management of an advanced oral malignancy, from the patient's and the surgeon's perspective.

Performance and stability analysis of curcumin dye as a photo sensitizer used in nanostructured ZnO based DSSC

Environmental friendly natural dye curcumin extracted from low-cost Curcumina longa stem is used as a photo-sensitizer for the fabrication of ZnO-based dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC). Nanostructured ZnO is fabricated on a transparent conducting glass (TCO), using a cost-effective chemical bath deposition technique. Scanning electron microscopic images show hexagonal patterned ZnO nano-towers decorated with several nanosteps. The average length of ZnO nano-tower is 5μm and diameter is 1.2μm. The UV-Vis spectroscopic study of the curcumin dye is used to understand the light absorption behavior as well as band gap energy of the extracted natural dye. The dye shows wider absorption band-groups over 350-470nm and 500-600nm with two peaks positioned at 425nm and 525nm. The optical band gap energy and energy band position of the dye is derived which supports its stability and high electron affinity that makes it suitable for light harvesting and effortless electron transfer from dye to the semiconductor or interface between them. FTIR spectrum of curcumin dye-sensitized ZnO-based DSSC shows the presence of anchoring groups and colouring constitutes. The I-V and P-V curves of the fabricated DSSC are measured under simulated light (100mW/cm²). The highest visible light to electric conversion efficiency of 0.266% (using ITO) and 0.33% (using FTO) is achieved from the curcumin dye-sensitized cell.

Conservative management of large mandibular dentigerous cysts with a novel approach for follow up: Two case reports

BACKGROUND

Dentigerous cysts are odontogenic cysts of the jaws accounting for approximately 24% of all epithelium-lined jaw cysts. Rarely, these cysts can become extremely large causing additional symptoms, while challenging treatment. This article represents a novel approach for radiological treatment follow up of large dentigerous cysts.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

Dentigerous cysts were treated by marsupialization, using dedicated obturators and enucleation of the cyst afterwards. Teeth vitality in the lesion was regularly assessed by laser doppler flowmetry, follow-up of lesion regression was accomplished using semi-automatic radiographic analysis of bone healing quantification.

RESULTS

Cystic marsupialization by means of the obturator resulted in a number of advantages compared to a conventional approach: lower risk of spontaneous fracture of the mandible, anatomical structure preservation, mandibular canal identification and preservation of tooth vitality as measured by intraoral laser doppler flowmetry. Notwithstanding that a 1-year follow-up panoramic image could not visualize a remnant bone defect nor cystic lesion recurrence, 3D-CBCT based semi-automated bone quantification could only demonstrate an increase of 46% of mineralized bone volume one year after surgery. Bone healing typically occurred starting from the periphery of the original lesion towards the inner core.

CONCLUSIONS

The presently reported cystic marsupialization was useful as a preliminary treatment for subsequent enucleation. 3-D CBCT based objective quantification of the bone volume and healing can provide new insights in lesion healing in general and more particular in the outcome of specific diagnostic and therapeutic challenges.

Solid ameloblastoma mimicking a periodontal defect: A diagnostic dilemma

PURPOSE

To report a rare presentation of an ameloblastoma mimicking an endo-periodontal lesion.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

In this case report, we present the unusual clinical course of a 78-year-old Caucasian male patient, seeking single tooth implant rehabilitation at location 42 (lower right lateral incisor), initially unsuccessfully treated at different clinics for a persistent endo-periodontal lesion associated with this tooth, by both an endodontist and a periodontologist, which finally lead to tooth loss.

RESULTS

CBCT imaging of the anterior mandible region revealed a persistent radiolucency and subsequent enucleation of the lesion in the partially healed extraction socket revealed the true underlying diagnosis: a solid follicular ameloblastoma. A re-entry with biopsy was planned after radiological confirmation of lesion growth 1 year later, reconfirming the diagnosis and necessitating partial segment resection of the mandible.

CONCLUSIONS

In the presence of lesions refractory to therapy, consideration towards a broader differential diagnosis and an appropriate investigation should be undertaken before the decision on implant placement.

Beyond cytokinesis: the emerging roles of CEP55 in tumorigenesis

CEP55 was initially identified as a pivotal component of abscission, the final stage of cytokinesis, serving to regulate the physical separation of two daughter cells. Over the past 10 years, several studies have illuminated additional roles for CEP55 including regulating the PI3K/AKT pathway and midbody fate. Concurrently, CEP55 has been studied in the context of cancers including those of the breast, lung, colon and liver. CEP55 overexpression has been found to significantly correlate with tumor stage, aggressiveness, metastasis and poor prognosis across multiple tumor types and therefore has been included as part of several prognostic 'gene signatures' for cancer. Here by discussing in depth the functions of CEP55 across different effector pathways, and also its roles as a biomarker and driver of tumorigenesis, we assemble an exhaustive review, thus commemorating a decade of research on CEP55.

Magmas functions as a ROS regulator and provides cytoprotection against oxidative stress-mediated damages

Redox imbalance generates multiple cellular damages leading to oxidative stress-mediated pathological conditions such as neurodegenerative diseases and cancer progression. Therefore, maintenance of reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis is most important that involves well-defined antioxidant machinery. In the present study, we have identified for the first time a component of mammalian protein translocation machinery Magmas to perform a critical ROS regulatory function. Magmas overexpression has been reported in highly metabolically active tissues and cancer cells that are prone to oxidative damage. We found that Magmas regulates cellular ROS levels by controlling its production as well as scavenging. Magmas promotes cellular tolerance toward oxidative stress by enhancing antioxidant enzyme activity, thus preventing induction of apoptosis and damage to cellular components. Magmas enhances the activity of electron transport chain (ETC) complexes, causing reduced ROS production. Our results suggest that J-like domain of Magmas is essential for maintenance of redox balance. The function of Magmas as a ROS sensor was found to be independent of its role in protein import. The unique ROS modulatory role of Magmas is highlighted by its ability to increase cell tolerance to oxidative stress even in yeast model organism. The cytoprotective capability of Magmas against oxidative damage makes it an important candidate for future investigation in therapeutics of oxidative stress-related diseases.

Acute kidney injury and dermonecrosis after Loxosceles reclusa envenomation

Spiders of the Loxosceles species can cause dermonecrosis and acute kidney injury (AKI). Hemolysis, rhabdomyolysis and direct toxin-mediated renal damage have been postulated. There are very few reports of Loxoscelism from India. We report a case of AKI, hemolysis and a "gravitational" pattern of ulceration following the bite of the brown recluse spider (Loxosceles spp).

Falling between two stools: operational inconsistencies between ICDS and NRHM in the management of severe malnutrition

There has been a welcome interest in the issue of malnutrition by policy makers as well as technical experts in the recent years. The current public health systems for management of malnutrition, the ICDS and NRHM, have attempted to evolve approaches to the management of severe malnutrition. This paper makes a fresh analysis of data from well-accepted existing sources, indicating that 36-44% of all children with Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM) are likely to be missed by current criteria of screening and referral; simultaneously, a large proportion of children selected for referral to Nutritional rehabilitation centres are likely not to have SAM. The paper also highlights other areas of inconsistencies between the ICDS and the NRHM in the continuum of care required for the prevention and proper management of severe malnutrition. Thus, the paper identifies areas that need further exploration to achieve a seamless and effective program for tackling severe malnutrition.

Nasal Valve Surgery

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjo.v18i1.10421Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol 2012; 18(1): 63-67

βA3/A1-Crystallin controls anoikis-mediated cell death in astrocytes by modulating PI3K/AKT/mTOR and ERK survival pathways through the PKD/Bit1-signaling axis

During eye development, apoptosis is vital to the maturation of highly specialized structures such as the lens and retina. Several forms of apoptosis have been described, including anoikis, a form of apoptosis triggered by inadequate or inappropriate cell–matrix contacts. The anoikis regulators, Bit1 (Bcl-2 inhibitor of transcription-1) and protein kinase-D (PKD), are expressed in developing lens when the organelles are present in lens fibers, but are downregulated as active denucleation is initiated. We have previously shown that in rats with a spontaneous mutation in the Cryba1 gene, coding for βA3/A1-crystallin, normal denucleation of lens fibers is inhibited. In rats with this mutation (Nuc1), both Bit1 and PKD remain abnormally high in lens fiber cells. To determine whether βA3/A1-crystallin has a role in anoikis, we induced anoikis in vitro and conducted mechanistic studies on astrocytes, cells known to express βA3/A1-crystallin. The expression pattern of Bit1 in retina correlates temporally with the development of astrocytes. Our data also indicate that loss of βA3/A1-crystallin in astrocytes results in a failure of Bit1 to be trafficked to the Golgi, thereby suppressing anoikis. This loss of βA3/A1-crystallin also induces insulin-like growth factor-II, which increases cell survival and growth by modulating the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT/mTOR and extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathways. We propose that βA3/A1-crystallin is a novel regulator of both life and death decisions in ocular astrocytes.

Sleep disordered breathing in children

Sleep disordered breathing (SDB) is increasingly being recognised as a cause of morbidity even in young children. With an estimated prevalence of 1 to 4 per cent, SDB results from having a structurally narrow airway combined with reduced neuromuscular tone and increased airway collapsibility. SDB in children differs from adults in a number of ways, including presenting symptoms and treatment. Presentation may differ according to the age of the child. Children have a more varied presentation from snoring and frequent arousals to enuresis to hyperactivity. Those with Down syndrome, midface hypoplasia or neuromuscular disorders are at higher risk for developing SDB. First line definitive treatment in children involves tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy. Rapid maxillary expansion, allergy treatment and continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) are other options. As untreated SDB results in complications as learning difficulties, memory loss and a long term increase in risk of hypertension, depression and poor growth, it is important to diagnose SDB.

Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia: are we compliant with the standards?

This study was conducted to assess the management of gestational trophoblastic diseases (GTN) in a district general hospital in accordance with the RCOG guidelines. A retrospective case notes review over a 5-year period found a total of 23 patients treated in this hospital. The annual incidence of hydatidiform mole was 1.3/1,000 deliveries (3,500 deliveries per annum). Ultrasound scanning diagnosed or suspected GTN in only nine of the 23 cases (39%); six women (26%) were diagnosed as missed miscarriage and another six (26%) were diagnosed as incomplete miscarriage. Eleven patients (48%) were not suspected before histological diagnosis. A total of 16 of the 23 cases (70%) were complete moles and the rest were partial moles; 19 of the 23 (83%) were referred to a specialist centre of which 60% were referred within 1 month. The rest were not documented. Contraceptive advice was documented only in 11 case notes (48%). Women with molar pregnancy should be referred to a specialist centre as early as possible and within 2-4 weeks of histological diagnosis, after appropriate counselling and contraceptive advice.