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Glidden E, Suen K, Mustaquim D, Vivolo-Kantor A, Brent J, Wax P, Aldy K. Characterization of Nonfatal Opioid, Cocaine, Methamphetamine, and Polydrug Exposure and Clinical Presentations Reported to the Toxicology Investigators Consortium Core Registry, January 2010-December 2021. J Med Toxicol 2023; 19:180-189. [PMID: 36650409 PMCID: PMC10050626 DOI: 10.1007/s13181-022-00924-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To characterize and compare opioid-only, cocaine-only, methamphetamine-only, opioid-and-cocaine exposure, and opioid-and-methamphetamine exposure and to examine clinical presentations, leading to a better understanding of overdose effects involving these drug exposures. METHODS We examined drug exposures in the Toxicology Investigators Consortium (ToxIC) Core Registry from January 2010 to December 2021, a case registry of patients presenting to participating healthcare sites that receive a medical toxicology consultation. Demographic and clinical presentations of opioid-only, cocaine-only, methamphetamine-only, and opioid-and-cocaine exposure, and opioid-and-methamphetamine exposure consultations were described; differences between single and polydrug exposure subgroups were calculated to determine statistical significance. Clinical presentations associated with exposures were evaluated through calculated adjusted relative risk. RESULTS A total of 3,883 consultations involved opioids, cocaine, methamphetamine, opioid-and-cocaine exposure, or opioid-and-methamphetamine exposure. Opioid-only (n = 2,268, 58.4%) and methamphetamine-only (n = 712, 18.3%) comprised most consultations. There were significant differences in clinical presentations between exposure subgroups. Opioid-and-cocaine exposure consultations were 8.15 times as likely to present with a sympathomimetic toxidrome than opioid-only. Conversely, opioid-and-cocaine exposure and opioid-and-methamphetamine exposure were 0.32 and 0.42 times as likely to present with a sympathomimetic toxidrome compared to cocaine-only and methamphetamine-only consultations, respectively. Opioid-and-cocaine exposure was 0.67 and opioid-and-methamphetamine exposure was 0.74 times as likely to present with respiratory depression compared to opioid-only consultations. Similarly, opioid-and-cocaine exposure was 0.71 and opioid-and-methamphetamine exposure was 0.78 times as likely to present with CNS depression compared to opioid-only consultations. CONCLUSIONS Used in combination, opioids and stimulants may mask typical clinical presentations of one another, misattributing incorrect drugs to overdose in both clinical treatment and public health surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Glidden
- National Network of Public Health Institutes, New Orleans, LA USA
- Division of Overdose Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Kyle Suen
- Division of Overdose Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Division of Medical Toxicology, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Desiree Mustaquim
- Division of Overdose Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Alana Vivolo-Kantor
- Division of Overdose Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Jeffery Brent
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Paul Wax
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX USA
- American College of Medical Toxicology, Phoenix, AZ USA
| | - Kim Aldy
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX USA
- American College of Medical Toxicology, Phoenix, AZ USA
| | - On behalf of the Toxicology Investigators Consortium (ToxIC) Study Group
- National Network of Public Health Institutes, New Orleans, LA USA
- Division of Overdose Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Division of Medical Toxicology, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA USA
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO USA
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX USA
- American College of Medical Toxicology, Phoenix, AZ USA
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Casillas SM, Scholl L, Mustaquim D, Vivolo-Kantor A. Analysis of trends and usage of ICD-10-CM discharge diagnosis codes for poisonings by fentanyl, tramadol, and other synthetic narcotics in emergency department data. Addict Behav Rep 2022; 16:100464. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abrep.2022.100464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Niles JK, Gudin J, Vivolo-Kantor AM, Gladden RM, Mustaquim D, Seth P, Kaufman HW. Notes from the Field: Testing for Nonprescribed Fentanyl and Percentage of Positive Test Results Among Patients with Opioid Use Disorder - United States, 2019-2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2021; 70:1649-1651. [PMID: 34818316 PMCID: PMC8612509 DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.mm7047a4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Mustaquim D, Jones CM, Compton WM. Trends and correlates of cocaine use among adults in the United States, 2006-2019. Addict Behav 2021; 120:106950. [PMID: 33940336 PMCID: PMC10032475 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2021.106950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cocaine is the most commonly reported illicit stimulant used in the U.S., yet limited research has examined recent changes in cocaine use patterns and co-occurring substance use and mental health characteristics among adults using cocaine. METHODS Self-report data from adults (age 18 years or older) participating in the 2006 to 2019 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) were used to estimate trends in prevalence of past-year cocaine use by demographic characteristics, cocaine use disorder, cocaine injection, frequency of use. For 2018-2019, prevalence of co-occurring past-year use of other illicit and prescription substances and mental health characteristics were estimated. Multivariable logistic regression examined demographic, substance use, and mental health characteristics associated with past-year cocaine use in 2018-2019. RESULTS The annual average estimated prevalence of past-year cocaine use among adults was highest in 2006-2007 (2.51%), declined to 1.72% in 2010-2011, and then increased to 2.14% in 2018-2019. The annual average estimated prevalence of past-year cocaine use disorder was highest in 2006-2007 (0.71%) and declined to 0.37% in 2018-2019. Characteristics associated with higher adjusted odds of past-year cocaine use included: males; ages 18-49; Hispanic ethnicity; income <$20,000; large or small metro counties; use of other substances (nicotine, alcohol, marijuana, sedative/tranquilizers, prescription opioids, prescription stimulants, heroin, and methamphetamine); and serious psychological distress and suicidal ideation or attempt. CONCLUSION Additional efforts to support prevention and response capacity in communities, expand linkages to care and retention for substance use and mental health, and enhance collaborations between public health and public safety are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desiree Mustaquim
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Christopher M Jones
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Wilson M Compton
- National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Aldy K, Mustaquim D, Campleman S, Meyn A, Abston S, Krotulski A, Logan B, Gladden MR, Hughes A, Amaducci A, Shulman J, Schwarz E, Wax P, Brent J, Manini A. Notes from the Field: Illicit Benzodiazepines Detected in Patients Evaluated in Emergency Departments for Suspected Opioid Overdose - Four States, October 6, 2020-March 9, 2021. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2021; 70:1177-1179. [PMID: 34437520 PMCID: PMC8389390 DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.mm7034a4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Scholl L, Liu S, Vivolo-Kantor A, Board A, Stein Z, Roehler DR, McGlone L, Hoots BE, Mustaquim D, Smith H. Development and Validation of a Syndrome Definition to Identify Suspected Nonfatal Heroin-Involved Overdoses Treated in Emergency Departments. J Public Health Manag Pract 2021; 27:369-378. [PMID: 33346583 DOI: 10.1097/phh.0000000000001271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) works closely with states and local jurisdictions that are leveraging data from syndromic surveillance systems to identify meaningful changes in overdose trends. CDC developed a suspected nonfatal heroin overdose syndrome definition for use with emergency department (ED) data to help monitor trends at the national, state, and local levels. OBJECTIVE This study assesses the percentage of true-positive unintentional and undetermined intent heroin-involved overdose (UUHOD) captured by this definition. DESIGN/SETTING CDC applied the UUHOD definition to ED data available in CDC's National Syndromic Surveillance Program (NSSP). Data were analyzed from 18 states that shared access to their syndromic data in NSSP with the CDC overdose morbidity team. Data were analyzed using queries and manual reviews to identify heroin overdose diagnosis codes and text describing chief complaint reasons for ED visits. MEASURES The percentage of true-positive UUHOD was calculated as the number of true-positives divided by the number of total visits captured by the syndrome definition. RESULTS In total, 99 617 heroin overdose visits were identified by the syndrome definition. Among 95 323 visits identified as acute heroin-involved overdoses, based on reviews of chief complaint text and diagnosis codes, 967 (1.0%) were classified as possible intentional drug overdoses. Among all 99 617 visits, 94 356 (94.7%) were classified as true-positive UUHOD; 2226 (2.2%) and 3035 (3.0%) were classified as "no" and "maybe" UUHOD, respectively. CONCLUSION Analysis of the CDC heroin overdose syndrome definition determined that nearly all visits were captured accurately for patients presenting to the ED for a suspected acute UUHOD. This definition will continue to be valuable for ongoing heroin overdose surveillance and epidemiologic analysis of heroin overdose patterns. CDC will evaluate possible definition refinements as new products and terms for heroin overdose emerge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence Scholl
- Division of Overdose Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control (Drs Scholl, Liu, Vivolo-Kantor, Board, Roehler, and Hoots, Messrs McGlone and Smith, and Ms Mustaquim), Epidemic Intelligence Service (Dr Board), and Division of Health Informatics and Surveillance, Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services (Mr Stein), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; ICF, Atlanta, Georgia (Mr Stein); 2M Research, Dallas/Fort Worth, Texas (Mr McGlone); and Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, Tennessee (Mr Smith)
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Roehler DR, Olsen EO, Mustaquim D, Vivolo-Kantor AM. Suspected Nonfatal Drug-Related Overdoses Among Youth in the US: 2016-2019. Pediatrics 2021; 147:peds.2020-003491. [PMID: 33288728 PMCID: PMC9541269 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2020-003491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES During the current drug overdose crisis, the United States is experiencing a significant number of overdose deaths, hospitalizations, and emergency department visits. Given the vulnerability of young persons to substance use, it is important to assess how this crisis affects the nation's youth. In this study, we investigate trends in suspected nonfatal drug-related overdoses (all-drugs, opioids, heroin, and stimulants) among youth using syndromic surveillance data from 2016 to 2019. METHODS A retrospective analysis of emergency department syndromic surveillance data were used to detect quarterly trends in suspected drug overdoses from April 2016 through September 2019 among youth aged 0 to 10, 11 to 14, and 15 to 24 years. Syndrome definitions were developed using chief complaint free-text and discharge diagnosis codes to identify overdoses involving all-drugs, opioids, heroin, and stimulants. Pearson χ2 tests detected quarter-to-quarter changes, and joinpoint regression analysis assessed trends over time. RESULTS On average, there was a 2.0% increase for youth aged 0 to 10 years and a 2.3% increase for youth aged 11 to 14 years for suspected all-drug overdoses. Suspected heroin overdoses decreased by an average of 3.3% per quarter for youth aged 15 to 24 years. Among all age groups, suspected stimulant overdoses increased across the study period, 3.3% for 0 to 10-year-olds, 4.0% for 11- to 14-year-olds, and 2.3% for 15- to 24-year-olds. CONCLUSIONS Suspected stimulant-involved drug overdoses appear to be rising among youth. These findings could inform targeted interventions, such as stimulant-focused prevention, and comprehensive approaches, including school-based prevention and other strategies to lower morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas R. Roehler
- National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Emily O. Olsen
- National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Desiree Mustaquim
- National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Alana M. Vivolo-Kantor
- National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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Budd AP, Beacham L, Smith CB, Garten RJ, Reed C, Kniss K, Mustaquim D, Ahmad FB, Cummings CN, Garg S, Levine MZ, Fry AM, Brammer L. Birth Cohort Effects in Influenza Surveillance Data: Evidence That First Influenza Infection Affects Later Influenza-Associated Illness. J Infect Dis 2020; 220:820-829. [PMID: 31053844 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiz201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The evolution of influenza A viruses results in birth cohorts that have different initial influenza virus exposures. Historically, A/H3 predominant seasons have been associated with more severe influenza-associated disease; however, since the 2009 pandemic, there are suggestions that some birth cohorts experience more severe illness in A/H1 predominant seasons. METHODS United States influenza virologic, hospitalization, and mortality surveillance data during 2000-2017 were analyzed for cohorts born between 1918 and 1989 that likely had different initial influenza virus exposures based on viruses circulating during early childhood. Relative risk/rate during H3 compared with H1 predominant seasons during prepandemic versus pandemic and later periods were calculated for each cohort. RESULTS During the prepandemic period, all cohorts had more influenza-associated disease during H3 predominant seasons than H1 predominant seasons. During the pandemic and later period, 4 cohorts had higher hospitalization and mortality rates during H1 predominant seasons than H3 predominant seasons. CONCLUSIONS Birth cohort differences in risk of influenza-associated disease by influenza A virus subtype can be seen in US influenza surveillance data and differ between prepandemic and pandemic and later periods. As the population ages, the amount of influenza-associated disease may be greater in future H1 predominant seasons than H3 predominant seasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia P Budd
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Lauren Beacham
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.,Battelle Memorial Institute, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Catherine B Smith
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Rebecca J Garten
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Carrie Reed
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Krista Kniss
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Desiree Mustaquim
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Farida B Ahmad
- Division of Vital Statistics, National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Hyattsville, Maryland
| | - Charisse N Cummings
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Shikha Garg
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Min Z Levine
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Alicia M Fry
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Lynnette Brammer
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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Vivolo-Kantor AM, Hoots BE, Scholl L, Pickens C, Roehler DR, Board A, Mustaquim D, Smith H, Snodgrass S, Liu S. Nonfatal Drug Overdoses Treated in Emergency Departments - United States, 2016-2017. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2020; 69:371-376. [PMID: 32240125 PMCID: PMC7119520 DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6913a3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In 2017, drug overdoses caused 70,237 deaths in the United States, a 9.6% rate increase from 2016 (1). Monitoring nonfatal drug overdoses treated in emergency departments (EDs) is also important to inform community prevention and response activities. Analysis of discharge data provides insights into the prevalence and trends of nonfatal drug overdoses, highlighting opportunities for public health action to prevent overdoses. Using discharge data from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project's (HCUP) Nationwide Emergency Department Sample (NEDS), CDC identified nonfatal overdoses for all drugs, all opioids, nonheroin opioids, heroin, benzodiazepines, and cocaine and examined changes from 2016 to 2017, stratified by drug type and by patient, facility, and visit characteristics. In 2017, the most recent year for which population-level estimates of nonfatal overdoses can be generated, a total of 967,615 nonfatal drug overdoses were treated in EDs, an increase of 4.3% from 2016, which included 305,623 opioid-involved overdoses, a 3.1% increase from 2016. From 2016 to 2017, the nonfatal overdose rates for all drug types increased significantly except for those involving benzodiazepines. These findings highlight the importance of continued surveillance of nonfatal drug overdoses treated in EDs to inform public health actions and, working collaboratively with clinical and public safety partners, to link patients to needed recovery and treatment resources (e.g., medication-assisted treatment).
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Jones CM, Compton WM, Mustaquim D. Patterns and Characteristics of Methamphetamine Use Among Adults - United States, 2015-2018. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2020; 69:317-323. [PMID: 32214077 PMCID: PMC7725509 DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6912a1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Methamphetamine is a highly addictive central nervous system stimulant. Methamphetamine use is associated with a range of health harms, including psychosis and other mental disorders, cardiovascular and renal dysfunction, infectious disease transmission, and overdose (1,2). Although overall population rates of methamphetamine use have remained relatively stable in recent years (3), methamphetamine availability and methamphetamine-related harms (e.g., methamphetamine involvement in overdose deaths and number of treatment admissions) have increased in the United States* (4,5); however, analyses examining methamphetamine use patterns and characteristics associated with its use are limited. This report uses data from the 2015-2018 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health (NSDUHs) to estimate methamphetamine use rates in the United States and to identify characteristics associated with past-year methamphetamine use. Rates (per 1,000 adults aged ≥18 years) for past-year methamphetamine use were estimated overall, by demographic group, and by state. Frequency of past-year use and prevalence of other substance use and mental illness among adults reporting past-year use were assessed. Multivariable logistic regression examined characteristics associated with past-year use. During 2015-2018, the estimated rate of past-year methamphetamine use among adults was 6.6 per 1,000. Among adults reporting past-year methamphetamine use, an estimated 27.3% reported using on ≥200 days, 52.9% had a methamphetamine use disorder, and 22.3% injected methamphetamine. Controlling for other factors, higher adjusted odds ratios for past-year use were found among men; persons aged 26-34, 35-49, and ≥50 years; and those with lower educational attainment, annual household income <$50,000, Medicaid only or no insurance, those living in small metro and nonmetro counties,† and those with co-occurring substance use and co-occurring mental illness. Additional efforts to build state and local prevention and response capacity, expand linkages to care, and enhance public health and public safety collaborations are needed to combat increasing methamphetamine harms.
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Jones CM, Olsen EO, O'Donnell J, Mustaquim D. Resurgent Methamphetamine Use at Treatment Admission in the United States, 2008-2017. Am J Public Health 2020; 110:509-516. [PMID: 32078347 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2019.305527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Objectives. To evaluate trends and correlates of methamphetamine use in the United States.Methods. Data are from 15 747 334 drug-related treatment admissions among persons aged 12 years or older in the 2008-2017 Treatment Episode Data Set. We analyzed trends and used multivariable logistic regression.Results. Methamphetamine-related admissions increased from 15.1% of drug-related treatment admissions in 2008 to 23.6% in 2017. Increases occurred among nearly all demographic groups. Methamphetamine injection increased from 17.5% of admissions in 2008 to 28.4% in 2017. Among methamphetamine-related admissions, heroin use increased from 5.3% of admissions in 2008 to 23.6% in 2017. Characteristics associated with increased odds of reporting methamphetamine use at admission included female sex; admissions aged 35 to 44 years; admissions in the Midwest, South, and West; unemployment; not in labor force; living dependent; living homeless; and having a referral from criminal justice, a health care provider, or other community treatment source.Conclusions. Treatment admissions involving methamphetamine use increased significantly over the past decade and appear to be linked to the ongoing opioid crisis in the United States. Efforts to mobilize public health prevention, treatment, and response strategies to address rising methamphetamine use and overdose are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Jones
- At the time of conducting this study, Christopher M. Jones was with the National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA. Emily O. Olsen, Julie O'Donnell, and Desiree Mustaquim were with the Division of Overdose Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
| | - Emily O Olsen
- At the time of conducting this study, Christopher M. Jones was with the National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA. Emily O. Olsen, Julie O'Donnell, and Desiree Mustaquim were with the Division of Overdose Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
| | - Julie O'Donnell
- At the time of conducting this study, Christopher M. Jones was with the National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA. Emily O. Olsen, Julie O'Donnell, and Desiree Mustaquim were with the Division of Overdose Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
| | - Desiree Mustaquim
- At the time of conducting this study, Christopher M. Jones was with the National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA. Emily O. Olsen, Julie O'Donnell, and Desiree Mustaquim were with the Division of Overdose Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
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Palekar RS, Rolfes MA, Arriola CS, Acosta BO, Guidos PA, Vargas XB, Bancej C, Ramirez JB, Baumeister E, Bruno A, Cabello MA, Chen J, Couto P, Junior FJDP, Fasce R, Ferreira de Almeida W, Solorzano VEF, Ramírez CF, Goñi N, Isaza de Moltó Y, Lara J, Malo DC, Medina Osis JL, Mejía H, Castillo LM, Mustaquim D, Nwosu A, Ojeda J, Samoya AP, Pulido PA, Ramos Hernandez HM, Lopez RR, Rodriguez A, Saboui M, Bolanos HS, Santoro A, Silvera JE, Sosa P, Sotomayor V, Suarez L, Von Horoch M, Azziz-Baumgartner E. Burden of influenza-associated respiratory hospitalizations in the Americas, 2010-2015. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221479. [PMID: 31490961 PMCID: PMC6730873 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite having influenza vaccination policies and programs, countries in the Americas underutilize seasonal influenza vaccine, in part because of insufficient evidence about severe influenza burden. We aimed to estimate the annual burden of influenza-associated respiratory hospitalizations in the Americas. METHODS Thirty-five countries in the Americas with national influenza surveillance were invited to provide monthly laboratory data and hospital discharges for respiratory illness (International Classification of Diseases 10th edition J codes 0-99) during 2010-2015. In three age-strata (<5, 5-64, and ≥65 years), we estimated the influenza-associated hospitalizations rate by multiplying the monthly number of respiratory hospitalizations by the monthly proportion of influenza-positive samples and dividing by the census population. We used random effects meta-analyses to pool age-group specific rates and extrapolated to countries that did not contribute data, using pooled rates stratified by age group and country characteristics found to be associated with rates. RESULTS Sixteen of 35 countries (46%) contributed primary data to the analyses, representing 79% of the America's population. The average pooled rate of influenza-associated respiratory hospitalization was 90/100,000 population (95% confidence interval 61-132) among children aged <5 years, 21/100,000 population (13-32) among persons aged 5-64 years, and 141/100,000 population (95-211) among persons aged ≥65 years. We estimated the average annual number of influenza-associated respiratory hospitalizations in the Americas to be 772,000 (95% credible interval 716,000-829,000). CONCLUSIONS Influenza-associated respiratory hospitalizations impose a heavy burden on health systems in the Americas. Countries in the Americas should use this information to justify investments in seasonal influenza vaccination-especially among young children and the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakhee S. Palekar
- Pan American Health Organization/World Health Organization, Washington, DC, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Melissa A. Rolfes
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - C. Sofia Arriola
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Belsy O. Acosta
- Department of Virology, “Pedro Kouri” Institute of Tropical Medicine, Havana, Cuba
| | | | | | | | | | - Elsa Baumeister
- National Reference Laboratory for Viral Respiratory Infections and National Influenza Center, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alfredo Bruno
- National Institute of Public Health Research, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | | | - Jufu Chen
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
- Battelle Memorial Institute, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Paula Couto
- Pan American Health Organization/World Health Organization, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Natalia Goñi
- Department of Public Health Laboratories, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | | | - Jenny Lara
- Costa Rican Institute of Research and Education in Nutrition and Health, Cartago, Costa Rica
| | | | - José L. Medina Osis
- National Center of Epidemiology, Prevention, and Control of Diseases, Lima, Peru
| | | | | | - Desiree Mustaquim
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Angel Rodriguez
- Pan American Health Organization/World Health Organization, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | | | | | - Adrián Santoro
- Directorate of Statistics and Health Information, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Paulina Sosa
- Pan American Health Organization/World Health Organization, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | | | | | - Marta Von Horoch
- Ministry of Public Health and Social Welfare, Asuncion, Paraguay
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13
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Chow EJ, Davis CT, Abd Elal AI, Alabi N, Azziz-Baumgartner E, Barnes J, Blanton L, Brammer L, Budd AP, Burns E, Davis WW, Dugan VG, Fry AM, Garten R, Grohskopf LA, Gubareva L, Jang Y, Jones J, Kniss K, Lindstrom S, Mustaquim D, Porter R, Rolfes M, Sessions W, Taylor C, Wentworth DE, Xu X, Zanders N, Katz J, Jernigan D. Update: Influenza Activity - United States and Worldwide, May 20-October 13, 2018. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2018; 67:1178-1185. [PMID: 30359347 PMCID: PMC6290813 DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6742a3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
During May 20-October 13, 2018,* low levels of influenza activity were reported in the United States, with a mix of influenza A and B viruses circulating. Seasonal influenza activity in the Southern Hemisphere was low overall, with influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 predominating in many regions. Antigenic testing of available influenza A and B viruses indicated that no significant antigenic drift in circulating viruses had emerged. In late September, the components for the 2019 Southern Hemisphere influenza vaccine were selected and included an incremental update to the A(H3N2) vaccine virus used in egg-based vaccine manufacturing; no change was recommended for the A(H3N2) component of cell-manufactured or recombinant influenza vaccines. Annual influenza vaccination is the best method for preventing influenza illness and its complications, and all persons aged ≥6 months who do not have contraindications should receive influenza vaccine, preferably before the onset of influenza circulation in their community, which often begins in October and peaks during December-February. Health care providers should offer vaccination by the end of October and should continue to recommend and administer influenza vaccine to previously unvaccinated patients throughout the 2018-19 influenza season (1). In addition, during May 20-October 13, a small number of nonhuman influenza "variant" virus infections† were reported in the United States; most were associated with exposure to swine. Although limited human-to-human transmission might have occurred in one instance, no ongoing community transmission was identified. Vulnerable populations, especially young children and other persons at high risk for serious influenza complications, should avoid swine barns at agricultural fairs, or close contact with swine.§.
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MESH Headings
- Disease Outbreaks
- Drug Resistance, Viral
- Global Health/statistics & numerical data
- Humans
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/drug effects
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/genetics
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/isolation & purification
- Influenza A Virus, H1N2 Subtype/drug effects
- Influenza A Virus, H1N2 Subtype/genetics
- Influenza A Virus, H1N2 Subtype/isolation & purification
- Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype/drug effects
- Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype/genetics
- Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype/isolation & purification
- Influenza B virus/drug effects
- Influenza B virus/genetics
- Influenza B virus/isolation & purification
- Influenza Vaccines/chemistry
- Influenza, Human/epidemiology
- Influenza, Human/virology
- Population Surveillance
- Seasons
- United States/epidemiology
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14
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Jester B, Schwerzmann J, Mustaquim D, Aden T, Brammer L, Humes R, Shult P, Shahangian S, Gubareva L, Xu X, Miller J, Jernigan D. Mapping of the US Domestic Influenza Virologic Surveillance Landscape. Emerg Infect Dis 2018; 24. [PMID: 29715078 PMCID: PMC6038762 DOI: 10.3201/eid2407.180028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza virologic surveillance is critical each season for tracking influenza circulation, following trends in antiviral drug resistance, detecting novel influenza infections in humans, and selecting viruses for use in annual seasonal vaccine production. We developed a framework and process map for characterizing the landscape of US influenza virologic surveillance into 5 tiers of influenza testing: outpatient settings (tier 1), inpatient settings and commercial laboratories (tier 2), state public health laboratories (tier 3), National Influenza Reference Center laboratories (tier 4), and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention laboratories (tier 5). During the 2015–16 season, the numbers of influenza tests directly contributing to virologic surveillance were 804,000 in tiers 1 and 2; 78,000 in tier 3; 2,800 in tier 4; and 3,400 in tier 5. With the release of the 2017 US Pandemic Influenza Plan, the proposed framework will support public health officials in modeling, surveillance, and pandemic planning and response.
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15
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Garten R, Blanton L, Elal AIA, Alabi N, Barnes J, Biggerstaff M, Brammer L, Budd AP, Burns E, Cummings CN, Davis T, Garg S, Gubareva L, Jang Y, Kniss K, Kramer N, Lindstrom S, Mustaquim D, O'Halloran A, Sessions W, Taylor C, Xu X, Dugan VG, Fry AM, Wentworth DE, Katz J, Jernigan D. Update: Influenza Activity in the United States During the 2017-18 Season and Composition of the 2018-19 Influenza Vaccine. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2018; 67:634-642. [PMID: 29879098 PMCID: PMC5991814 DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6722a4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Garten
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Lenee Blanton
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Anwar Isa Abd Elal
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Noreen Alabi
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - John Barnes
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Matthew Biggerstaff
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Lynnette Brammer
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Alicia P Budd
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Erin Burns
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Charisse N Cummings
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Todd Davis
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Shikha Garg
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Larisa Gubareva
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Yunho Jang
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Krista Kniss
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Natalie Kramer
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Stephen Lindstrom
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Desiree Mustaquim
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Alissa O'Halloran
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Wendy Sessions
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Calli Taylor
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Xiyan Xu
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Vivien G Dugan
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Alicia M Fry
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - David E Wentworth
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Jacqueline Katz
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Daniel Jernigan
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
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16
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Budd AP, Wentworth DE, Blanton L, Elal AIA, Alabi N, Barnes J, Brammer L, Burns E, Cummings CN, Davis T, Flannery B, Fry AM, Garg S, Garten R, Gubareva L, Jang Y, Kniss K, Kramer N, Lindstrom S, Mustaquim D, O'Halloran A, Olsen SJ, Sessions W, Taylor C, Xu X, Dugan VG, Katz J, Jernigan D. Update: Influenza Activity - United States, October 1, 2017-February 3, 2018. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2018; 67:169-179. [PMID: 29447145 PMCID: PMC5815487 DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6706a1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alicia P Budd
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - David E Wentworth
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Lenee Blanton
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Anwar Isa Abd Elal
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Noreen Alabi
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - John Barnes
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Lynnette Brammer
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Erin Burns
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Charisse N Cummings
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Todd Davis
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Brendan Flannery
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Alicia M Fry
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Shikha Garg
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Rebecca Garten
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Larisa Gubareva
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Yunho Jang
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Krista Kniss
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Natalie Kramer
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Stephen Lindstrom
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Desiree Mustaquim
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Alissa O'Halloran
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Sonja J Olsen
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Wendy Sessions
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Calli Taylor
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Xiyan Xu
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Vivien G Dugan
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Jacqueline Katz
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Daniel Jernigan
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
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17
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Killerby ME, Biggs HM, Haynes A, Dahl RM, Mustaquim D, Gerber SI, Watson JT. Human coronavirus circulation in the United States 2014-2017. J Clin Virol 2018; 101:52-56. [PMID: 29427907 PMCID: PMC7106380 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2018.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human coronaviruses (HCoVs) -OC43, -229E, -NL63 and -HKU1 cause upper and lower respiratory tract infections. HCoVs are globally distributed and the predominant species may vary by region or year. Prior studies have shown seasonal patterns of HCoV species and annual variation in species prevalence but national circulation patterns in the US have not yet been described. OBJECTIVES To describe circulation patterns of HCoVs -OC43, -229E, -NL63 and -HKU1 in the US. STUDY DESIGN We reviewed real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) test results for HCoV-OC43, -229E, -NL63 and -HKU1 reported to The National Respiratory and Enteric Virus Surveillance System (NREVSS) by U.S. laboratories from July 2014-June 2017. We calculated the total number of tests and percent positive by week. For a subset of HCoV positive submissions with age and sex of the patient available, we tested for differences in age and sex across the four HCoV species using Chi Square and Kruskal Wallace tests. RESULTS 117 laboratories reported 854,575 HCoV tests; 2.2% were positive for HCoV-OC43, 1.0% for HCoV-NL63, 0.8% for HCoV-229E, and 0.6% for HCoV-HKU1. The percentage of positive tests peaked during December - March each year. No significant differences in sex were seen across species, although a significant difference in age distribution was noted. CONCLUSIONS Common HCoVs may have annual peaks of circulation in winter months in the US, and individual HCoVs may show variable circulation from year to year. Different HCoV species may be detected more frequently in different age groups. Further years of data are needed to better understand patterns of activity for HCoVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie E Killerby
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, 30333, USA; Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, 30333, USA.
| | - Holly M Biggs
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, 30333, USA
| | - Amber Haynes
- IHRC, Incorporated, Contracting agency to National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, 30333, USA
| | - Rebecca M Dahl
- MAXIMUS Federal, Contracting agency to National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, 30333, USA
| | - Desiree Mustaquim
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, 30333, USA
| | - Susan I Gerber
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, 30333, USA
| | - John T Watson
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, 30333, USA
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18
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Dugan VG, Blanton L, Elal AIA, Alabi N, Barnes J, Brammer L, Burns E, Cummings CN, Davis T, Flannery B, Fry AM, Garg S, Garten R, Gubareva L, Jang Y, Kniss K, Kramer N, Lindstrom S, Mustaquim D, O'Halloran A, Olsen SJ, Sessions W, Taylor C, Trock S, Xu X, Wentworth DE, Katz J, Jernigan D. Update: Influenza Activity - United States, October 1-November 25, 2017. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2017; 66:1318-1326. [PMID: 29216030 PMCID: PMC5757637 DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6648a2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vivien G Dugan
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Lenee Blanton
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Anwar Isa Abd Elal
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Noreen Alabi
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - John Barnes
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Lynnette Brammer
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Erin Burns
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Charisse N Cummings
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Todd Davis
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Brendan Flannery
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Alicia M Fry
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Shikha Garg
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Rebecca Garten
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Larisa Gubareva
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Yunho Jang
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Krista Kniss
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Natalie Kramer
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Stephen Lindstrom
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Desiree Mustaquim
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Alissa O'Halloran
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Sonja J Olsen
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Wendy Sessions
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Calli Taylor
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Susan Trock
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Xiyan Xu
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - David E Wentworth
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Jacqueline Katz
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Daniel Jernigan
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
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19
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Blanton L, Wentworth DE, Alabi N, Azziz-Baumgartner E, Barnes J, Brammer L, Burns E, Davis CT, Dugan VG, Fry AM, Garten R, Grohskopf LA, Gubareva L, Kniss K, Lindstrom S, Mustaquim D, Olsen SJ, Roguski K, Taylor C, Trock S, Xu X, Katz J, Jernigan D. Update: Influenza Activity - United States and Worldwide, May 21-September 23, 2017. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2017; 66:1043-1051. [PMID: 28981486 PMCID: PMC5720887 DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6639a3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lenee Blanton
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - David E Wentworth
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Noreen Alabi
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | | | - John Barnes
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Lynnette Brammer
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Erin Burns
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - C Todd Davis
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Vivien G Dugan
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Alicia M Fry
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Rebecca Garten
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Lisa A Grohskopf
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Larisa Gubareva
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Krista Kniss
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Stephen Lindstrom
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Desiree Mustaquim
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Sonja J Olsen
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Katherine Roguski
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Calli Taylor
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Susan Trock
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Xiyan Xu
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Jacqueline Katz
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Daniel Jernigan
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
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20
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Blanton L, Alabi N, Mustaquim D, Taylor C, Kniss K, Kramer N, Budd A, Garg S, Cummings CN, Chung J, Flannery B, Fry AM, Sessions W, Garten R, Xu X, Elal AIA, Gubareva L, Barnes J, Dugan V, Wentworth DE, Burns E, Katz J, Jernigan D, Brammer L. Update: Influenza Activity in the United States During the 2016-17 Season and Composition of the 2017-18 Influenza Vaccine. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2017; 66:668-676. [PMID: 28662019 PMCID: PMC5687497 DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6625a3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lenee Blanton
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Noreen Alabi
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Desiree Mustaquim
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Calli Taylor
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Krista Kniss
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Natalie Kramer
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Alicia Budd
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Shikha Garg
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Charisse N Cummings
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Jessie Chung
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Brendan Flannery
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Alicia M Fry
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Wendy Sessions
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Rebecca Garten
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Xiyan Xu
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Anwar Isa Abd Elal
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Larisa Gubareva
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - John Barnes
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Vivien Dugan
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - David E Wentworth
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Erin Burns
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Jacqueline Katz
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Daniel Jernigan
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Lynnette Brammer
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
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21
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Blanton L, Mustaquim D, Alabi N, Kniss K, Kramer N, Budd A, Garg S, Cummings CN, Fry AM, Bresee J, Sessions W, Garten R, Xu X, Elal AIA, Gubareva L, Barnes J, Wentworth DE, Burns E, Katz J, Jernigan D, Brammer L. Update: Influenza Activity - United States, October 2, 2016-February 4, 2017. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2017; 66:159-166. [PMID: 28207684 PMCID: PMC5657859 DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6606a2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lenee Blanton
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Desiree Mustaquim
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Noreen Alabi
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Krista Kniss
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Natalie Kramer
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Alicia Budd
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Shikha Garg
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Charisse N Cummings
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Alicia M Fry
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Joseph Bresee
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Wendy Sessions
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Rebecca Garten
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Xiyan Xu
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Anwar Isa Abd Elal
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Larisa Gubareva
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - John Barnes
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - David E Wentworth
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Erin Burns
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Jacqueline Katz
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Daniel Jernigan
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Lynnette Brammer
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
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22
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Shang M, Blanton L, Kniss K, Mustaquim D, Alabi N, Barnes S, Budd A, Davlin SL, Kramer N, Garg S, Cummings CN, Flannery B, Fry AM, Grohskopf LA, Olsen SJ, Bresee J, Sessions W, Garten R, Xu X, Elal AIA, Gubareva L, Barnes J, Wentworth DE, Burns E, Katz J, Jernigan D, Brammer L. Update: Influenza Activity - United States, October 2-December 17, 2016. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2016; 65:1439-1444. [PMID: 28033315 DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.mm655051a5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
This report summarizes U.S. influenza activity* during October 2-December 17, 2016.† Influenza activity in the United States remained low in October and has been slowly increasing since November. Influenza A viruses were identified most frequently, with influenza A (H3N2) viruses predominating. Most influenza viruses characterized during this period were genetically or antigenically similar to the reference viruses representing vaccine components recommended for production in the 2016-17 Northern Hemisphere influenza vaccines.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Aged
- Ambulatory Care/statistics & numerical data
- Antiviral Agents/pharmacology
- Child
- Child Mortality
- Child, Preschool
- Drug Resistance, Viral
- Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data
- Humans
- Infant
- Infant, Newborn
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/drug effects
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/genetics
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/isolation & purification
- Influenza A Virus, H1N2 Subtype/isolation & purification
- Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype/drug effects
- Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype/genetics
- Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype/isolation & purification
- Influenza B virus/drug effects
- Influenza B virus/genetics
- Influenza B virus/isolation & purification
- Influenza, Human/epidemiology
- Influenza, Human/mortality
- Influenza, Human/virology
- Middle Aged
- Pneumonia/mortality
- Population Surveillance
- Seasons
- United States/epidemiology
- Young Adult
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23
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Budd A, Blanton L, Kniss K, Smith S, Mustaquim D, Davlin SL, Kramer N, Flannery B, Fry AM, Grohskopf LA, Olsen SJ, Bresee J, Sessions W, Garten R, Xu X, Elal AIA, Gubareva L, Barnes J, Wentworth DE, Burns E, Katz J, Jernigan D, Brammer L. Update: Influenza Activity - United States and Worldwide, May 22-September 10, 2016. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2016; 65:1008-1014. [PMID: 27657671 DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6537a5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
During May 22-September 10, 2016,* the United States experienced typical low levels of seasonal influenza activity overall; beginning in late August, clinical laboratories reported a slight increase in influenza positive test results and CDC received reports of a small number of localized influenza outbreaks caused by influenza A (H3N2) viruses. Influenza A (H1N1)pdm09, influenza A (H3N2), and influenza B viruses were detected during May-September in the United States and worldwide. The majority of the influenza viruses collected from the United States and other countries during that time have been characterized antigenically or genetically or both as being similar to the reference viruses representing vaccine components recommended for the 2016-17 Northern Hemisphere vaccine. During May 22-September 10, 2016, 20 influenza variant virus† infections were reported; two were influenza A (H1N2) variant (H1N2v) viruses (Minnesota and Wisconsin) and 18 were influenza A (H3N2) variant (H3N2v) viruses (12 from Michigan and six from Ohio).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Budd
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Lenee Blanton
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Krista Kniss
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Sophie Smith
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Desiree Mustaquim
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Stacy L Davlin
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Natalie Kramer
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Brendan Flannery
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Alicia M Fry
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Lisa A Grohskopf
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Sonja J Olsen
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Joseph Bresee
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Wendy Sessions
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Rebecca Garten
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Xiyan Xu
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Anwar Isa Abd Elal
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Larisa Gubareva
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - John Barnes
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - David E Wentworth
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Erin Burns
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Jacqueline Katz
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Daniel Jernigan
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Lynnette Brammer
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
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24
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Davlin SL, Blanton L, Kniss K, Mustaquim D, Smith S, Kramer N, Cohen J, Cummings CN, Garg S, Flannery B, Fry AM, Grohskopf LA, Bresee J, Wallis T, Sessions W, Garten R, Xu X, Elal AIA, Gubareva L, Barnes J, Wentworth DE, Burns E, Katz J, Jernigan D, Brammer L. Influenza Activity - United States, 2015-16 Season and Composition of the 2016-17 Influenza Vaccine. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2016; 65:567-75. [PMID: 27281364 DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6522a3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
During the 2015-16 influenza season (October 4, 2015-May 21, 2016) in the United States, influenza activity* was lower and peaked later compared with the previous three seasons (2012-13, 2013-14, and 2014-15). Activity remained low from October 2015 until late December 2015 and peaked in mid-March 2016. During the most recent 18 influenza seasons (including this season), only two other seasons have peaked in March (2011-12 and 2005-06). Overall influenza activity was moderate this season, with a lower percentage of outpatient visits for influenza-like illness (ILI),(†) lower hospitalization rates, and a lower percentage of deaths attributed to pneumonia and influenza (P&I) compared with the preceding three seasons. Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses predominated overall, but influenza A(H3N2) viruses were more commonly identified from October to early December, and influenza B viruses were more commonly identified from mid-April through mid-May. The majority of viruses characterized this season were antigenically similar to the reference viruses representing the recommended components of the 2015-16 Northern Hemisphere influenza vaccine (1). This report summarizes influenza activity in the United States during the 2015-16 influenza season (October 4, 2015-May 21, 2016)(§) and reports the vaccine virus components recommended for the 2016-17 Northern Hemisphere influenza vaccines.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Aged
- Child
- Child Mortality
- Child, Preschool
- Drug Resistance, Viral
- Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data
- Humans
- Infant
- Infant Mortality
- Infant, Newborn
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/drug effects
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/genetics
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/isolation & purification
- Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype/drug effects
- Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype/genetics
- Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype/isolation & purification
- Influenza B virus/drug effects
- Influenza B virus/genetics
- Influenza B virus/isolation & purification
- Influenza Vaccines/chemistry
- Influenza, Human/epidemiology
- Influenza, Human/mortality
- Influenza, Human/prevention & control
- Influenza, Human/virology
- Middle Aged
- Outpatients/statistics & numerical data
- Pneumonia/mortality
- Population Surveillance
- Seasons
- United States/epidemiology
- Young Adult
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25
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Russell K, Blanton L, Kniss K, Mustaquim D, Smith S, Cohen J, Garg S, Flannery B, Fry AM, Grohskopf LA, Bresee J, Wallis T, Sessions W, Garten R, Xu X, Elal AIA, Gubareva L, Barnes J, Wentworth DE, Burns E, Katz J, Jernigan D, Brammer L. Update: Influenza Activity--United States, October 4, 2015-February 6, 2016. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2016; 65:146-53. [PMID: 26891596 DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6506a3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
From October through mid-December 2015, influenza activity remained low in most regions of the United States. Activity began to increase in late December 2015 and continued to increase slowly through early February 2016. Influenza A viruses have been most frequently identified, with influenza A (H3N2) viruses predominating during October until early December, and influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 viruses predominating from mid-December until early February. Most of the influenza viruses characterized during that time are antigenically similar to vaccine virus strains recommended for inclusion in the 2015-16 Northern Hemisphere vaccines. This report summarizes U.S. influenza activity* during October 4, 2015-February 6, 2016, and updates the previous summary (1).
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Aged
- Antiviral Agents/pharmacology
- Child
- Child Mortality
- Child, Preschool
- Drug Resistance, Viral
- Female
- Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data
- Humans
- Infant
- Infant, Newborn
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/drug effects
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/genetics
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/isolation & purification
- Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype/drug effects
- Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype/genetics
- Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype/isolation & purification
- Influenza B virus/drug effects
- Influenza B virus/genetics
- Influenza B virus/isolation & purification
- Influenza, Human/epidemiology
- Influenza, Human/mortality
- Influenza, Human/virology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Pneumonia/mortality
- Population Surveillance
- Pregnancy
- Seasons
- United States/epidemiology
- Young Adult
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26
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Smith S, Blanton L, Kniss K, Mustaquim D, Steffens C, Reed C, Bramley A, Flannery B, Fry AM, Grohskopf LA, Bresee J, Wallis T, Garten R, Xu X, Elal AIA, Gubareva L, Barnes J, Wentworth DE, Burns E, Katz J, Jernigan D, Brammer L. Update: Influenza Activity - United States. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2015; 64:1342-8. [PMID: 26656182 DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6448a4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
CDC collects, compiles, and analyzes data on influenza activity year-round in the United States. The influenza season generally begins in the fall and continues through the winter and spring months; however, the timing and severity of circulating influenza viruses can vary by geographic location and season. Influenza activity in the United States remained low through October and November in 2015. Influenza A viruses have been most frequently identified, with influenza A (H3) viruses predominating. This report summarizes U.S. influenza activity for the period October 4-November 28, 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Smith
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
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27
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Blanton L, Kniss K, Smith S, Mustaquim D, Steffens C, Flannery B, Fry AM, Bresee J, Wallis T, Garten R, Xu X, Elal AIA, Gubareva L, Wentworth DE, Burns E, Katz J, Jernigan D, Brammer L. Update: Influenza Activity — United States and Worldwide, May 24–September 5, 2015. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2015; 64:1011-6. [DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6436a4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lenee Blanton
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Krista Kniss
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Sophie Smith
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Desiree Mustaquim
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Craig Steffens
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Brendan Flannery
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Alicia M. Fry
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Joseph Bresee
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Teresa Wallis
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Rebecca Garten
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Xiyan Xu
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Anwar Isa Abd Elal
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Larisa Gubareva
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - David E. Wentworth
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Erin Burns
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Jacqueline Katz
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Daniel Jernigan
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Lynnette Brammer
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
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28
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D’Mello T, Brammer L, Blanton L, Kniss K, Smith S, Mustaquim D, Steffens C, Dhara R, Cohen J, Chaves SS, Finelli L, Bresee J, Wallis T, Xu X, Abd Elal AI, Gubareva L, Wentworth D, Villanueva J, Katz J, Jernigan D. Update: Influenza activity--United States, September 28, 2014-February 21, 2015. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2015; 64:206-12. [PMID: 25742380 PMCID: PMC4584716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/29/2022]
Abstract
Influenza activity in the United States began to increase in mid-November, remained elevated through February 21, 2015, and is expected to continue for several more weeks. To date, influenza A (H3N2) viruses have predominated overall. As has been observed in previous seasons during which influenza A (H3N2) viruses predominated, adults aged ≥65 years have been most severely affected. The cumulative laboratory-confirmed influenza-associated hospitalization rate among adults aged ≥65 years is the highest recorded since this type of surveillance began in 2005. This age group also accounts for the majority of deaths attributed to pneumonia and influenza. The majority of circulating influenza A (H3N2) viruses are different from the influenza A (H3N2) component of the 2014-15 Northern Hemisphere seasonal vaccines, and the predominance of these antigenically and genetically drifted viruses has resulted in reduced vaccine effectiveness. This report summarizes U.S. influenza activity* since September 28, 2014, and updates the previous summary.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tiffany D’Mello
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC,Corresponding author: Tiffany D’Mello, , 404-639-3747
| | - Lynnette Brammer
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Lenee Blanton
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Krista Kniss
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Sophie Smith
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Desiree Mustaquim
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Craig Steffens
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Rosaline Dhara
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Jessica Cohen
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Sandra S. Chaves
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Lyn Finelli
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Joseph Bresee
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Teresa Wallis
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Xiyan Xu
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Anwar Isa Abd Elal
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Larisa Gubareva
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - David Wentworth
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Julie Villanueva
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Jackie Katz
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Daniel Jernigan
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
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29
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Rolfes M, Blanton L, Brammer L, Smith S, Mustaquim D, Steffens C, Cohen J, Leon M, Chaves SS, Abd Elal AI, Gubareva L, Hall H, Wallis T, Villanueva J, Xu X, Bresee J, Cox N, Finelli L. Update: influenza activity - United States, September 28- December 6, 2014. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2014; 63:1189-94. [PMID: 25522086 PMCID: PMC5779524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
CDC collects, compiles, and analyzes data on influenza activity year-round in the United States (http://www.cdc.gov/flu/weekly/fluactivitysurv.htm). The influenza season generally begins in the fall and continues through the winter and spring months; however, the timing and severity of circulating influenza viruses can vary by geographic location and season. Influenza activity in the United States increased starting mid-October through December. This report summarizes U.S. influenza activity during September 28-December 6, 2014.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Rolfes
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC,Corresponding author: Melissa Rolfes, , 404-639-3747
| | - Lenee Blanton
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Lynnette Brammer
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Sophie Smith
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Desiree Mustaquim
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Craig Steffens
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Jessica Cohen
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Michelle Leon
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Sandra S. Chaves
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Anwar Isa Abd Elal
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Larisa Gubareva
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Henrietta Hall
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Teresa Wallis
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Julie Villanueva
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Xiyan Xu
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Joseph Bresee
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Nancy Cox
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Lyn Finelli
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
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30
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Blanton L, Brammer L, Smith S, Mustaquim D, Steffens C, Abd Elal AI, Gubareva L, Hall H, Wallis T, Villanueva J, Xu X, Bresee J, Cox N, Finelli L. Update: influenza activity -- United States and worldwide, May 18-September 20, 2014. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2014; 63:861-4. [PMID: 25275330 PMCID: PMC4584875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
During May 18-September 20, 2014, the United States experienced low levels of seasonal influenza activity overall. Influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 (pH1N1), influenza A (H3N2), and influenza B viruses were detected worldwide and were identified sporadically in the United States. In August, two influenza A (H3N2) variant viruses (H3N2v) were detected in Ohio. This report summarizes influenza activity in the United States and worldwide during May 18-September 20, 2014.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenee Blanton
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC,Corresponding author: Lenee Blanton, , 404-639-3747
| | - Lynnette Brammer
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Sophie Smith
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Desiree Mustaquim
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Craig Steffens
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Anwar Isa Abd Elal
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Larisa Gubareva
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Henrietta Hall
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Teresa Wallis
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Julie Villanueva
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Xiyan Xu
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Joseph Bresee
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Nancy Cox
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Lyn Finelli
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
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31
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Arriola CS, Brammer L, Epperson S, Blanton L, Kniss K, Mustaquim D, Steffens C, Dhara R, Leon M, Perez A, Chaves SS, Katz J, Wallis T, Villanueva J, Xu X, Abd Elal AI, Gubareva L, Cox N, Finelli L, Bresee J, Jhung M. Update: influenza activity - United States, September 29, 2013-February 8, 2014. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2014; 63:148-54. [PMID: 24553198 PMCID: PMC4584759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Influenza activity in the United States began to increase in mid-November and remained elevated through February 8, 2014. During that time, influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 (pH1N1) viruses predominated overall, while few B and A (H3N2) viruses were detected. This report summarizes U.S. influenza activity* during September 29, 2013-February 8, 2014, and updates the previous summary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen S. Arriola
- EIS officer, CDC,Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC,Corresponding author: Carmen S. Arriola, , 404-639-3747
| | - Lynnette Brammer
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Scott Epperson
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Lenee Blanton
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Krista Kniss
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Desiree Mustaquim
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Craig Steffens
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Rosaline Dhara
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Michelle Leon
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Alejandro Perez
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Sandra S. Chaves
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Jackie Katz
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Teresa Wallis
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Julie Villanueva
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Xiyan Xu
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Anwar Isa Abd Elal
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Larisa Gubareva
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Nancy Cox
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Lyn Finelli
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Joseph Bresee
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
| | - Michael Jhung
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC
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Brammer L, Kniss K, Epperson S, Blanton L, Mustaquim D, Steffens C, D’Mello T, Perez A, Dhara R, Chaves SS, Abd Elal A, Gubareva L, Wallis T, Xu X, Villanueva J, Bresee J, Cox N, Finelli L. Influenza activity--United States, 2012-13 season and composition of the 2013-14 influenza vaccine. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2013; 62:473-9. [PMID: 23760189 PMCID: PMC4604847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
During the 2012-13 influenza season in the United States, influenza activity* increased through November and December before peaking in late December. Influenza A (H3N2) viruses predominated overall, but influenza B viruses and, to a lesser extent, influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 (pH1N1) viruses also were reported in the United States. This influenza season was moderately severe, with a higher percentage of outpatient visits for influenza-like illness (ILI), higher rates of hospitalization, and more reported deaths attributed to pneumonia and influenza compared with recent years. This report summarizes influenza activity in the United States during the 2012-13 influenza season (September 30, 2012-May 18, 2013) as of June 7, 2013, and reports the recommendations for the components of the 2013-14 Northern Hemisphere influenza vaccine.
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Blanton L, Epperson S, Brammer L, Kniss K, Mustaquim D, Steffens C, Perez A, Chaves SS, Wallis T, Villanueva J, Xu X, Finelli L, Abd Elal AI, Gubareva L, Bresee J, Klimov A, Cox N. Update: Influenza activity - United States, September 30, 2012-February 9, 2013. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2013; 62:124-30. [PMID: 23425961 PMCID: PMC4604885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Influenza activity in the United States began to increase in mid-November and remained elevated through February 9, 2013. During that time, influenza A (H3N2) viruses predominated overall, followed by influenza B viruses. This report summarizes U.S. influenza activity* since the beginning of the 2012-13 influenza season and updates the previous summary.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lenee Blanton
- Corresponding contributor: Lenee Blanton, , 404-639-3747
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Jernigan DB, Lindstrom SL, Johnson JR, Miller JD, Hoelscher M, Humes R, Shively R, Brammer L, Burke SA, Villanueva JM, Balish A, Uyeki T, Mustaquim D, Bishop A, Handsfield JH, Astles R, Xu X, Klimov AI, Cox NJ, Shaw MW. Detecting 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus infection: availability of diagnostic testing led to rapid pandemic response. Clin Infect Dis 2011; 52 Suppl 1:S36-43. [PMID: 21342897 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciq020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Diagnostic tests for detecting emerging influenza virus strains with pandemic potential are critical for directing global influenza prevention and control activities. In 2008, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention received US Food and Drug Administration approval for a highly sensitive influenza polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. Devices were deployed to public health laboratories in the United States and globally. Within 2 weeks of the first recognition of 2009 pandemic influenza H1N1, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention developed and began distributing a new approved pandemic influenza H1N1 PCR assay, which used the previously deployed device platform to meet a >8-fold increase in specimen submissions. Rapid antigen tests were widely used by clinicians at the point of care; however, test sensitivity was low (40%-69%). Many clinical laboratories developed their own pandemic influenza H1N1 PCR assays to meet clinician demand. Future planning efforts should identify ways to improve availability of reliable testing to manage patient care and approaches for optimal use of molecular testing for detecting and controlling emerging influenza virus strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- D B Jernigan
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
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Brammer L, Blanton L, Epperson S, Mustaquim D, Bishop A, Kniss K, Dhara R, Nowell M, Kamimoto L, Finelli L. Surveillance for influenza during the 2009 influenza A (H1N1) pandemic-United States, April 2009-March 2010. Clin Infect Dis 2011; 52 Suppl 1:S27-35. [PMID: 21342896 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciq009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence in April 2009 and subsequent spread of the 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus resulted in the first pandemic of the 21st century. This historic event was associated with unusual patterns of influenza activity in terms of the timing and persons affected in the United States throughout the summer and fall months of 2009 and the winter of 2010. The US Influenza Surveillance System identified 2 distinct waves of pandemic influenza H1N1 activity--the first peaking in June 2009, followed by a second peak in October 2009. All influenza surveillance components showed levels of influenza activity above that typically seen during late summer and early fall. During this period, influenza activity reached its highest level during the week ending 24 October 2009. This report summarizes US influenza surveillance data from 12 April 2009 through 27 March 2010.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynnette Brammer
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA.
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