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Linhares DPS, Garcia PV, Silva C, Barroso J, Kazachkova N, Pereira R, Lima M, Camarinho R, Ferreira T, Dos Santos Rodrigues A. DNA damage in oral epithelial cells of individuals chronically exposed to indoor radon ( 222Rn) in a hydrothermal area. Environ Geochem Health 2018; 40:1713-1724. [PMID: 27830439 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-016-9893-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Hydrothermal areas are potentially hazardous to humans as volcanic gases such as radon (222Rn) are continuously released from soil diffuse degassing. Exposure to radon is estimated to be the second leading cause of lung cancer, but little is known about radon health-associated risks in hydrothermal regions. This cross-sectional study was designed to evaluate the DNA damage in the buccal epithelial cells of individuals chronically exposed to indoor radon in a volcanic area (Furnas volcano, Azores, Portugal) with a hydrothermal system. Buccal epithelial cells were collected from 33 individuals inhabiting the hydrothermal area (Ribeira Quente village) and from 49 individuals inhabiting a non-hydrothermal area (Ponta Delgada city). Indoor radon was measured with Ramon 2.2 detectors. Chromosome damage was measured by micronucleus cytome assay, and RAPD-PCR was used as a complementary tool to evaluate DNA damage, using three 10-mer primers (D11, F1 and F12). Indoor radon concentration correlated positively with the frequency of micronucleated cells (r s = 0.325, p = 0.003). Exposure to radon is a risk factor for the occurrence micronucleated cells in the inhabitants of the hydrothermal area (RR = 1.71; 95% CI, 1.2-2.4; p = 0.003). One RAPD-PCR primer (F12) produced differences in the banding pattern, a fact that can indicate its potential for detecting radon-induced specific genomic alterations. The observed association between chronic exposure to indoor radon and the occurrence of chromosome damage in human oral epithelial cells evidences the usefulness of biological surveillance to assess mutations involved in pre-carcinogenesis in hydrothermal areas, reinforcing the need for further studies with human populations living in these areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Paula Silva Linhares
- Department of Biology, University of the Azores, Rua da Mãe de Deus, Apartado 1422, 9501-801, Ponta Delgada, Azores, Portugal.
- CVARG, Center for Volcanology and Geological Risks Assessment, University of the Azores, 9501-801, Ponta Delgada, Azores, Portugal.
| | - Patrícia Ventura Garcia
- Department of Biology, University of the Azores, Rua da Mãe de Deus, Apartado 1422, 9501-801, Ponta Delgada, Azores, Portugal
- cE3c, Centre for Ecology Evolution and Environmental Changes and Azorean Biodiversity Group, University of the Azores, 9501-801, Ponta Delgada, Azores, Portugal
| | - Catarina Silva
- CVARG, Center for Volcanology and Geological Risks Assessment, University of the Azores, 9501-801, Ponta Delgada, Azores, Portugal
- CIVISA, Center for Information and Seismovolcanic Surveillance of the Azores, University of the Azores, Ponta Delgada, Portugal
| | - Joana Barroso
- Department of Biology, University of the Azores, Rua da Mãe de Deus, Apartado 1422, 9501-801, Ponta Delgada, Azores, Portugal
| | - Nadya Kazachkova
- Department of Biology, University of the Azores, Rua da Mãe de Deus, Apartado 1422, 9501-801, Ponta Delgada, Azores, Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology (IBMC), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Pereira
- Department of Biology, University of the Azores, Rua da Mãe de Deus, Apartado 1422, 9501-801, Ponta Delgada, Azores, Portugal
| | - Manuela Lima
- Department of Biology, University of the Azores, Rua da Mãe de Deus, Apartado 1422, 9501-801, Ponta Delgada, Azores, Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology (IBMC), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Camarinho
- Department of Biology, University of the Azores, Rua da Mãe de Deus, Apartado 1422, 9501-801, Ponta Delgada, Azores, Portugal
| | - Teresa Ferreira
- Department of Geosciences, University of the Azores, 9501-801, Ponta Delgada, Azores, Portugal
- CVARG, Center for Volcanology and Geological Risks Assessment, University of the Azores, 9501-801, Ponta Delgada, Azores, Portugal
| | - Armindo Dos Santos Rodrigues
- Department of Biology, University of the Azores, Rua da Mãe de Deus, Apartado 1422, 9501-801, Ponta Delgada, Azores, Portugal
- CVARG, Center for Volcanology and Geological Risks Assessment, University of the Azores, 9501-801, Ponta Delgada, Azores, Portugal
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Linhares DPS, Garcia PV, Amaral L, Ferreira T, Dos Santos Rodrigues A. Safety Evaluation of Fluoride Content in Tea Infusions Consumed in the Azores-a Volcanic Region with Water Springs naturally Enriched in Fluoride. Biol Trace Elem Res 2017; 179:158-164. [PMID: 28120305 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-017-0947-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Tea is the second most commonly consumed beverage in the world. It is well recognized that the consumption of tea in high quantities can promote the development of fluorosis. The main objective of this study is to estimate the exposure to fluoride in the Azores through drinking tea prepared with water from different volcanic locations, by i) investigating the fluoride (F) content of various commercial brands of tea (Camellia sinensis) marketed in Azores and ii) comparing tea releasing rates of F according to brewing time, considering the fluoride concentration in the different types of water used for the infusion. Fluoride contents were determined by ion-selective electrode in 30 samples of drinking water from three different locations and in 450 samples of tea (black and green tea) from three different brands. Fluoride concentration in water ranged from 0.29 to 1.56 ppm (Porto Formoso and Sete Cidades village, respectively). Fluoride concentrations increased with brewing time, reaching the highest values in the Azorean black and green tea infusions. For all the studied brands, a negative correlation was found between tea fluoride contents and the pH of the water used to prepare the infusion. Fluoride concentration in infusions was significantly associated with the background fluoride concentration in drinking water. Since the fluoride concentration in groundwater varies accordingly to the geological conditions and tea consumption can contribute to fluoride intake, it is important to define the limits for tea consumption, particularly in fluoride-rich areas. Graphical Abstract Fluoride concentrations in black and green tea for 3 minutes of brewing time and, association between fluoride concentration and pH with brewing time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Paula Silva Linhares
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of the Azores, Rua da Mãe de Deus, Apartado 1422, 9501-801, Ponta Delgada, Azores, Portugal.
- IVAR, Instituto de Investigação em Vulcanologia e Avaliação de Riscos, University of the Azores, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, Azores, Portugal.
| | - Patrícia Ventura Garcia
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of the Azores, Rua da Mãe de Deus, Apartado 1422, 9501-801, Ponta Delgada, Azores, Portugal
- cE3c, Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes and Azorean Biodiversity Group, University of the Azores, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, Azores, Portugal
| | - Leslie Amaral
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of the Azores, Rua da Mãe de Deus, Apartado 1422, 9501-801, Ponta Delgada, Azores, Portugal
- School of Sciences, University of Minho, Gualtar Campus, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Teresa Ferreira
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of the Azores, Rua da Mãe de Deus, Apartado 1422, 9501-801, Ponta Delgada, Azores, Portugal
- IVAR, Instituto de Investigação em Vulcanologia e Avaliação de Riscos, University of the Azores, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, Azores, Portugal
| | - Armindo Dos Santos Rodrigues
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of the Azores, Rua da Mãe de Deus, Apartado 1422, 9501-801, Ponta Delgada, Azores, Portugal
- cE3c, Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes and Azorean Biodiversity Group, University of the Azores, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, Azores, Portugal
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Linhares DPS, Garcia PV, Amaral L, Ferreira T, Cury JA, Vieira W, Rodrigues ADS. Sensitivity of two biomarkers for biomonitoring exposure to fluoride in children and women: A study in a volcanic area. Chemosphere 2016; 155:614-620. [PMID: 27155929 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.04.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/23/2016] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The natural enrichment of water with fluoride is related to natural sources such as volcanic activity, with it being documented that fluorosis, an endemic and widespread disease in volcanic areas, is associated to the ingestion of high levels of fluoride through water. Thus, in this study, we aimed to define the fluoride concentration in drinking waters of volcanic origin and compare the sensitivity of urine and nail clippings as biomarkers for fluoride exposure in adults and children. Samples of drinking water from four villages in São Miguel Island (Azores) were used and the fluoride concentration was determined, as well the fluoride content in urine and toenails clippings from 66 children and 63 adults from these villages. A validated diet questionnaire, assessing sources of fluoride, was recorded for each participant. The fluoride determination in urine and nail clipping samples was made using a fluoride-specific electrode. A positive correlation was found between the fluoride daily intake and fluoride content in children urine (rs = 0.475; p < 0.001) and in their nail clippings (rs = 0.475; p < 0.001), while in adult women, the fluoride daily intake correlated positively with fluoride content nail clippings (rs = 0.495, p < 0.001). This reveals that nail clippings are more reliable as biomarkers of chronic exposure to fluoride than urine for populations of different ages (children vs. adults). Furthermore, nail clippings are more suitable than urine fluoride levels to assess long term exposure to fluoride in areas where the exposure to fluoride in drinking water is considered within, or slightly above, the recommended legal values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Paula Silva Linhares
- Department of Biology, University of the Azores, 9501-801, Ponta Delgada, Azores, Portugal; CVARG, Center for Volcanology and Geological Risks Assessment, University of the Azores, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, Azores, Portugal.
| | - Patrícia Ventura Garcia
- Department of Biology, University of the Azores, 9501-801, Ponta Delgada, Azores, Portugal; cE3c, Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes and Azorean Biodiversity Group, University of the Azores, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, Azores, Portugal.
| | - Leslie Amaral
- Department of Biology, University of the Azores, 9501-801, Ponta Delgada, Azores, Portugal; School of Sciences, University of Minho, Gualtar Campus, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.
| | - Teresa Ferreira
- Department of Geosciences, University of the Azores, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, Azores, Portugal; CVARG, Center for Volcanology and Geological Risks Assessment, University of the Azores, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, Azores, Portugal.
| | - Jaime A Cury
- Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
| | - Waldomiro Vieira
- Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
| | - Armindo Dos Santos Rodrigues
- Department of Biology, University of the Azores, 9501-801, Ponta Delgada, Azores, Portugal; CVARG, Center for Volcanology and Geological Risks Assessment, University of the Azores, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, Azores, Portugal.
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Linhares DPS, Garcia PV, Almada A, Ferreira T, Queiroz G, Cruz JV, Rodrigues ADS. Iodine environmental availability and human intake in oceanic islands: Azores as a case-study. Sci Total Environ 2015; 538:531-538. [PMID: 26318689 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.08.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Revised: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Iodine deficiency is the most common cause of preventable mental impairment. Although several studies have established an association between ocean proximity and iodine environmental availability, recent studies revealed an inadequate iodine intake in the Azorean islands. In this study, we aim to understand the underlying causes of iodine environmental availability in oceanic islands and its association with iodine intake in schoolchildren, using the Azores as case-study. Iodine concentration in soil and grass pasture was measured by INAA and in drinking water by spectrophotometry. Urinary iodine concentration (UIC) in schoolchildren was assessed by ICP-MS in a randomized cross-sectional survey with 315 participants from S. Miguel (study group) and Sta. Maria islands (reference group). A validated diet questionnaire assessing sources of iodine was recorded. The iodine concentration in soils of the reference group was significantly higher than in the study group (58.1ppm vs. 14.5ppm, respectively; p=0.001). The prevalence of schoolchildren with inadequate UIC was significantly higher in the study group than in the reference one (63.0% vs. 37.8%, respectively; p<0.001). Chronic exposure to low iodine environmental availability was significantly associated with the exacerbation in iodine deficiency, with a risk 4.94 times higher in the study group. The differences observed in the studied islands are related with each island geomorphology (soil properties and orography) and climate, which can promote or inhibit iodine environmental availability, contributing distinctively to iodine bioavailability and human intake. These findings draw attention to an urgent need for a full investigation of Azores iodine status to apply evidence-based recommendations for iodine supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Paula Silva Linhares
- Department of Biology, University of the Azores, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, Azores, Portugal; CVARG, Center for Volcanology and Geological Risks Assessment, University of the Azores, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, Azores, Portugal.
| | - Patrícia Ventura Garcia
- Department of Biology, University of the Azores, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, Azores, Portugal; CE3C, Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes/Azorean Biodiversity Group, University of the Azores, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, Azores, Portugal.
| | - Alexandra Almada
- Department of Biology, University of the Azores, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, Azores, Portugal.
| | - Teresa Ferreira
- Department of Geosciences, University of the Azores, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, Azores, Portugal; CVARG, Center for Volcanology and Geological Risks Assessment, University of the Azores, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, Azores, Portugal.
| | - Gabriela Queiroz
- Department of Geosciences, University of the Azores, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, Azores, Portugal; CVARG, Center for Volcanology and Geological Risks Assessment, University of the Azores, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, Azores, Portugal.
| | - José Virgílio Cruz
- Department of Geosciences, University of the Azores, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, Azores, Portugal; CVARG, Center for Volcanology and Geological Risks Assessment, University of the Azores, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, Azores, Portugal.
| | - Armindo dos Santos Rodrigues
- Department of Biology, University of the Azores, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, Azores, Portugal; CVARG, Center for Volcanology and Geological Risks Assessment, University of the Azores, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, Azores, Portugal.
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