1
|
Yu GT, Monie DD, Khosla S, Tchkonia T, Kirkland JL, Wyles SP. Mapping cellular senescence networks in human diabetic foot ulcers. GeroScience 2024; 46:1071-1082. [PMID: 37380899 PMCID: PMC10828272 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00854-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence, a cell fate defined by irreversible cell cycle arrest, has been observed to contribute to chronic age-related conditions including non-healing wounds, such as diabetic foot ulcers. However, the role of cellular senescence in the pathogenesis of diabetic foot ulcers remains unclear. To examine the contribution of senescent phenotypes to these chronic wounds, differential gene and network analyses were performed on publicly available bulk RNA sequencing of whole skin biopsies of wound edge diabetic foot ulcers and uninvolved diabetic foot skin. Wald tests with Benjamini-Hochberg correction were used to evaluate differential gene expression. Results showed that cellular senescence markers, CDKN1A, CXCL8, IGFBP2, IL1A, MMP10, SERPINE1, and TGFA, were upregulated, while TP53 was downregulated in diabetic foot ulcers compared to uninvolved diabetic foot skin. NetDecoder was then used to identify and compare context-specific protein-protein interaction networks using known cellular senescence markers as pathway sources. The diabetic foot ulcer protein-protein interaction network demonstrated significant perturbations with decreased inhibitory interactions and increased senescence markers compared to uninvolved diabetic foot skin. Indeed, TP53 (p53) and CDKN1A (p21) appeared to be key regulators in diabetic foot ulcer formation. These findings suggest that cellular senescence is an important mediator of diabetic foot ulcer pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grace T Yu
- Mayo Clinic Medical Scientist Training Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Dileep D Monie
- Mayo Clinic Medical Scientist Training Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Sundeep Khosla
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center On Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Tamar Tchkonia
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center On Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - James L Kirkland
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center On Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Saranya P Wyles
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center On Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
- Department of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lenartowicz KA, Monie DD, Amrami KK, Klein CJ, Giannini C, Spinner RJ. Hybrid tumors with perineurioma components: a systematic review of the literature and illustrative case. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2023; 165:935-945. [PMID: 36396843 PMCID: PMC10073291 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-022-05413-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Hybrid peripheral nerve sheath tumors (HPNST) are a newly recognized class of peripheral nerve sheath tumor, composed of at least two areas characteristic of perineurioma, schwannoma, or neurofibroma. The literature consists only of case reports and small series; therefore, we present an illustrative case and an analysis of all reported cases of HPNST with a perineurioma component in the literature. METHODS A systematic search of the literature was performed to identify all reported cases of hybrid perineurioma-schwannoma or perineurioma-neurofibroma in the world's literature. Individual cases were analyzed for demographics, clinical features, imaging, and outcomes. RESULTS A total of 159 cases were identified across 41 studies. Hybrid tumors tended to present in mid-adulthood (median 38.5 years), predominantly affected females (57%, 89/156), as a painless (63%, 63/100) mass, or swelling. Ten patients (10/74, 14%) had a history of neurofibromatosis 1, and 2 patients a history of neurofibromatosis 2 (2/74, 3%). The majority (78%, 122/157) of cases occurred superficially, most commonly in the lower extremity (25%, 39/157). Perineurioma-schwannoma was the most reported (86%, 137/159) pathologic diagnosis, with 3 cases presenting with malignant features. Two cases reocurred after resection. CONCLUSION HPNST tend to occur in mid-adulthood and present as slowly progressive, painless, superficial masses, with a heterogeneous appearance on imaging. These entities pose a unique diagnostic challenge and likely remain under-recognized in the literature and current clinical practice. They pose low risk of recurrence or malignant transformation, and future work regarding the association with neurofibromatosis and genetic profiles is needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karina A Lenartowicz
- Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, MN, 55905, Rochester, USA
| | - Dileep D Monie
- Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, MN, 55905, Rochester, USA
| | - Kimberly K Amrami
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, MN, 55905, Rochester, USA
| | - Christopher J Klein
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, MN, 55905, Rochester, USA
| | - Caterina Giannini
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, MN, 55905, Rochester, USA
| | - Robert J Spinner
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, MN, 55905, Rochester, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bauman MM, Bouchal SM, Monie DD, Aibaidula A(Z, Singh R, Parney IF. Strategies, considerations, and recent advancements in the development of liquid biopsy for glioblastoma: a step towards individualized medicine in glioblastoma. Neurosurg Focus 2022; 53:E14. [PMID: 36455271 PMCID: PMC9879623 DOI: 10.3171/2022.9.focus22430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Glioblastoma (GBM) is a devasting primary brain tumor with less than a 5% 5-year survival. Treatment response assessment can be challenging because of inflammatory pseudoprogression that mimics true tumor progression clinically and on imaging. Developing additional noninvasive assays is critical. In this article, the authors review various biomarkers that could be used in developing liquid biopsies for GBM, along with strengths, limitations, and future applications. In addition, they present a potential liquid biopsy design based on the use of an extracellular vesicle-based liquid biopsy targeting nonneoplastic extracellular vesicles. METHODS The authors conducted a current literature review of liquid biopsy in GBM by searching the PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases. Articles were assessed for type of biomarker, isolation methodology, analytical techniques, and clinical relevance. RESULTS Recent work has shown that liquid biopsies of plasma, blood, and/or CSF hold promise as noninvasive clinical tools that can be used to diagnose recurrence, assess treatment response, and predict patient outcomes in GBM. Liquid biopsy in GBM has focused primarily on extracellular vesicles, cell-free tumor nucleic acids, and whole-cell isolates as focal biomarkers. GBM tumor signatures have been generated via analysis of tumor gene mutations, unique RNA expression, and metabolic and proteomic alterations. Liquid biopsies capture tumor heterogeneity, identifying alterations in GBM tumors that may be undetectable via surgical biopsy specimens. Finally, biomarker burden can be used to assess treatment response and recurrence in GBM. CONCLUSIONS Liquid biopsy offers a promising avenue for monitoring treatment response and recurrence in GBM without invasive procedures. Although additional steps must be taken to bring liquid biopsy into the clinic, proof-of-principle studies and isolation methodologies are promising. Ultimately, CSF and/or plasma-based liquid biopsy is likely to be a powerful tool in the neurosurgeon's arsenal in the near future for the treatment and management of GBM patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Megan M.J. Bauman
- Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA,Department of Neurological Surgery, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Samantha M. Bouchal
- Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA,Department of Neurological Surgery, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Dileep D. Monie
- Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA,Department of Neurological Surgery, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Abudumijiti (Zack) Aibaidula
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Rohin Singh
- Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Ian F. Parney
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zamanian C, Bhandarkar AR, Monie DD, Moinuddin FM, Vile RG, Quiñones-Hinojosa A, Bydon M. Systems neuroimmunology: a review of multiomics methodologies to characterize neuroimmunological interactions in spinal and cranial diseases. Neurosurg Focus 2022; 52:E9. [PMID: 35104798 DOI: 10.3171/2021.11.focus21571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Neuroimmunology plays a critical role in our understanding of the pathophysiological processes that underlie a variety of diseases treated by neurosurgeons, including degenerative disc disease (DDD), glioblastoma (GBM), aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH), and others. Compared with traditional methods in neuroimmunology, which study one pathway or gene at a time, emerging multiomics methodologies allow for holistic interrogation of multiple immune-signaling pathways to test hypotheses and the effects of therapeutics at a systems level. In this review, the authors summarize key concepts for gathering and analyzing multiomics data so that neurosurgeons can contribute to the emerging field of systems neuroimmunology. Additionally, they describe 3 use cases, based on original research published by their group and others, that utilize transcriptomic, metabolomic, and proteomic analyses to study immune-signaling pathways in DDD, aSAH, and GBM. Through these use cases, techniques for performing machine learning and network-based analyses to generate new clinical insights from multiomics data are shared. The authors hope that neurosurgeons might use this review as a summary of common tools and principles in systems immunology to better engage in creating the immunotherapies of tomorrow.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Archis R Bhandarkar
- 1Neuro-Informatics Laboratory.,2Department of Neurosurgery.,5Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; and
| | - Dileep D Monie
- 2Department of Neurosurgery.,4Department of Immunology, and.,5Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; and
| | - F M Moinuddin
- 1Neuro-Informatics Laboratory.,2Department of Neurosurgery
| | | | | | - Mohamad Bydon
- 1Neuro-Informatics Laboratory.,2Department of Neurosurgery
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wen T, Barham W, Li Y, Zhang H, Gicobi JK, Hirdler JB, Liu X, Ham H, Peterson Martinez KE, Lucien F, Lavoie RR, Li H, Correia C, Monie DD, An Z, Harrington SM, Wu X, Guo R, Dronca RS, Mansfield AS, Yan Y, Markovic SN, Park SS, Sun J, Qin H, Liu MC, Vasmatzis G, Billadeau DD, Dong H. NKG7 Is a T-cell-Intrinsic Therapeutic Target for Improving Antitumor Cytotoxicity and Cancer Immunotherapy. Cancer Immunol Res 2022; 10:162-181. [PMID: 34911739 PMCID: PMC8816890 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-21-0539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Cytotoxic CD8+ T cells (CTL) are a crucial component of the immune system notable for their ability to eliminate rapidly proliferating malignant cells. However, the T-cell intrinsic factors required for human CTLs to accomplish highly efficient antitumor cytotoxicity are not well defined. By evaluating human CD8+ T cells from responders versus nonresponders to treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors, we sought to identify key factors associated with effective CTL function. Single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis of peripheral CD8+ T cells from patients treated with anti-PD-1 therapy showed that cells from nonresponders exhibited decreased expression of the cytolytic granule-associated molecule natural killer cell granule protein-7 (NKG7). Functional assays revealed that reduced NKG7 expression altered cytolytic granule number, trafficking, and calcium release, resulting in decreased CD8+ T-cell-mediated killing of tumor cells. Transfection of T cells with NKG7 mRNA was sufficient to improve the tumor-cell killing ability of human T cells isolated from nonresponders and increase their response to anti-PD-1 or anti-PD-L1 therapy in vitro. NKG7 mRNA therapy also improved the antitumor activity of murine tumor antigen-specific CD8+ T cells in an in vivo model of adoptive cell therapy. Finally, we showed that the transcription factor ETS1 played a role in regulating NKG7 expression. Together, our results identify NKG7 as a necessary component for the cytotoxic function of CD8+ T cells and establish NKG7 as a T-cell-intrinsic therapeutic target for enhancing cancer immunotherapy.See related article by Li et al., p. 154.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ti Wen
- Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Whitney Barham
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN
| | - Ying Li
- Division of Computational Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Henan Zhang
- Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Joanina K. Gicobi
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN
| | | | - Xin Liu
- Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Hyoungjun Ham
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN
| | | | | | | | - Hu Li
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN
| | - Cristina Correia
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN
| | - Dileep D. Monie
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN
| | - Zesheng An
- Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | | | - Xiaosheng Wu
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN
| | - Ruifeng Guo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Division of Anatomic Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | | | | | - Yiyi Yan
- Division of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | | | - Sean S. Park
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Jie Sun
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Hong Qin
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Minetta C. Liu
- Division of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | | | - Daniel D. Billadeau
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN
| | - Haidong Dong
- Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.,Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN.,Corresponding Author: Haidong Dong, M.D., Ph.D., 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905; Phone: 507-284-5482;
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Monie DD, Correia C, Zhang C, Ung C, Vile RG, Li H. Abstract 1679: Innate immunity and cytokine signaling pathways drive resistance to HSV-1 oncolytic immunovirotherapy in glioblastoma. Cancer Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2021-1679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a particularly aggressive primary brain tumor that is relatively common in adults. The disease comes with a dismal prognosis, often with expected survival just over a year when treated with surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation. A promising addition to our GBM treatment arsenal are oncolytic viruses (OVs), a class of immunotherapy now in clinical trials. The most effective OVs home in on tumor cells, killing them and releasing tumor-associated antigens that elicit antitumor immunity. This effectiveness, however, varies depending on the cell state—a property that may be influenced by the composition of the extracellular matrix (ECM) of GBM. Cellular communication network factor 1 (CCN1) is found in the ECM of the majority of GBMs and is predictive of resistance to OVs, particularly those derived from herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). In this study, our aim is to understand how extracellular CCN1 alters the GBM intracellular state in a manner that confers resistance to OVs. We began by using our NetDecoder platform to build CCN1-specific prioritized protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks from published LN229 human GBM transcriptomic datasets. From this network, we identified 12 PPI edges that dominate the network flow in CCN1-high LN229 cells when compared to CCN1-low controls. The 21 unique nodes that comprise these binary PPI edges were extracted and subjected to downstream biological process overrepresentation analyses using Gene Ontology. We found that the cytokine-mediated signaling pathway (FDR = 4.2 x 10-11; enrichment ratio = 15.8) and the cellular response to cytokine stimulus (FDR = 3.1 x 10-9; enrichment ratio = 10.9) were highly enriched when mapped to these nodes. We conclude that CCN1, acting as a paracrine signal in the GBM tumor microenvironment, primes the cell to inhibit HSV-1 and other candidate OV replication prior to any virus interactions, thus contributing to immunovirotherapy resistance. While CCN1 and its cell surface integrin binding partners are ostensible drug targets for overcoming this resistance, pharmacologic interventions that target CCN1-specific high flow edges in our prioritized PPI network may be more effective.
Citation Format: Dileep D. Monie, Cristina Correia, Cheng Zhang, Choong Ung, Richard G. Vile, Hu Li. Innate immunity and cytokine signaling pathways drive resistance to HSV-1 oncolytic immunovirotherapy in glioblastoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 1679.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cheng Zhang
- Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN
| | - Choong Ung
- Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN
| | | | - Hu Li
- Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Monie DD, Correia C, Zhang C, Ung CY, Vile RG, Li H. Modular network mechanism of CCN1-associated resistance to HSV-1-derived oncolytic immunovirotherapies for glioblastomas. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11198. [PMID: 34045642 PMCID: PMC8159930 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90718-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastomas (GBMs) are the most common and lethal primary brain malignancy in adults. Oncolytic virus (OV) immunotherapies selectively kill GBM cells in a manner that elicits antitumor immunity. Cellular communication network factor 1 (CCN1), a protein found in most GBM microenvironments, expression predicts resistance to OVs, particularly herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). This study aims to understand how extracellular CCN1 alters the GBM intracellular state to confer OV resistance. Protein-protein interaction network information flow analyses of LN229 human GBM transcriptomes identified 39 novel nodes and 12 binary edges dominating flow in CCN1high cells versus controls. Virus response programs, notably against HSV-1, and cytokine-mediated signaling pathways are highly enriched. Our results suggest that CCN1high states exploit IDH1 and TP53, and increase dependency on RPL6, HUWE1, and COPS5. To validate, we reproduce our findings in 65 other GBM cell line (CCLE) and 174 clinical GBM patient sample (TCGA) datasets. We conclude through our generalized network modeling and system level analysis that CCN1 signals via several innate immune pathways in GBM to inhibit HSV-1 OVs before transduction. Interventions disrupting this network may overcome immunovirotherapy resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dileep D Monie
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Cristina Correia
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Choong Yong Ung
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Richard G Vile
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Hu Li
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
The biology of regenerative medicine has steadily matured, providing the foundation for randomized clinical trials and translation into validated applications. Today, the growing regenerative armamentarium is poised to impact disease management, yet a gap in training next-generation healthcare providers, equipped to adopt and deliver regenerative options, has been exposed. This special report highlights a multiyear experience in developing and deploying a comprehensive regenerative curriculum for medical trainees. For academicians and institutions invested in establishing a formalized regenerative medicine syllabus, the Regenerative Medicine and Surgery course provides a patient-focused prototype for next-generation learners, offering a dedicated educational experience that encompasses discovery, development and delivery of regenerative solutions. Built with the vision of an evolving regenerative care model, this transdisciplinary endeavor could serve as an adoptable education portal to advance the readiness of the emergent regenerative healthcare workforce globally.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saranya P Wyles
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.,Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Dileep D Monie
- Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | | | - Fredric B Meyer
- Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.,Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Richard E Hayden
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ 85054, USA
| | - Andre Terzic
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.,Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.,Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Monie DD, Bhandarkar AR, Parney IF, Correia C, Sarkaria JN, Vile RG, Li H. Synthetic and systems biology principles in the design of programmable oncolytic virus immunotherapies for glioblastoma. Neurosurg Focus 2021; 50:E10. [PMID: 33524942 DOI: 10.3171/2020.12.focus20855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are a class of immunotherapeutic agents with promising preclinical results for the treatment of glioblastoma (GBM) but have shown limited success in recent clinical trials. Advanced bioengineering principles from disciplines such as synthetic and systems biology are needed to overcome the current challenges faced in developing effective OV-based immunotherapies for GBMs, including off-target effects and poor clinical responses. Synthetic biology is an emerging field that focuses on the development of synthetic DNA constructs that encode networks of genes and proteins (synthetic genetic circuits) to perform novel functions, whereas systems biology is an analytical framework that enables the study of complex interactions between host pathways and these synthetic genetic circuits. In this review, the authors summarize synthetic and systems biology concepts for developing programmable, logic-based OVs to treat GBMs. Programmable OVs can increase selectivity for tumor cells and enhance the local immunological response using synthetic genetic circuits. The authors discuss key principles for developing programmable OV-based immunotherapies, including how to 1) select an appropriate chassis, a vector that carries a synthetic genetic circuit, and 2) design a synthetic genetic circuit that can be programmed to sense key signals in the GBM microenvironment and trigger release of a therapeutic payload. To illustrate these principles, some original laboratory data are included, highlighting the need for systems biology studies, as well as some preliminary network analyses in preparation for synthetic biology applications. Examples from the literature of state-of-the-art synthetic genetic circuits that can be packaged into leading candidate OV chassis are also surveyed and discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dileep D Monie
- Departments of1Immunology.,6Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine.,7Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences; and Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | | | - Cristina Correia
- 5Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic
| | | | | | - Hu Li
- 5Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Monie DD, Meyer FB. Ependymal Petechial Hemorrhages in Bacterial Meningitis. Mayo Clin Proc 2020; 95:1940-1941. [PMID: 32861336 PMCID: PMC8556137 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dileep D Monie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN
| | - Fredric B Meyer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Evgin L, Huff AL, Wongthida P, Thompson J, Kottke T, Tonne J, Schuelke M, Ayasoufi K, Driscoll CB, Shim KG, Reynolds P, Monie DD, Johnson AJ, Coffey M, Young SL, Archer G, Sampson J, Pulido J, Perez LS, Vile R. Oncolytic virus-derived type I interferon restricts CAR T cell therapy. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3187. [PMID: 32581235 PMCID: PMC7314766 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17011-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The application of adoptive T cell therapies, including those using chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-modified T cells, to solid tumors requires combinatorial strategies to overcome immune suppression associated with the tumor microenvironment. Here we test whether the inflammatory nature of oncolytic viruses and their ability to remodel the tumor microenvironment may help to recruit and potentiate the functionality of CAR T cells. Contrary to our hypothesis, VSVmIFNβ infection is associated with attrition of murine EGFRvIII CAR T cells in a B16EGFRvIII model, despite inducing a robust proinflammatory shift in the chemokine profile. Mechanistically, type I interferon (IFN) expressed following infection promotes apoptosis, activation, and inhibitory receptor expression, and interferon-insensitive CAR T cells enable combinatorial therapy with VSVmIFNβ. Our study uncovers an unexpected mechanism of therapeutic interference, and prompts further investigation into the interaction between CAR T cells and oncolytic viruses to optimize combination therapy.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Chemokines/metabolism
- Combined Modality Therapy
- Female
- Immunotherapy, Adoptive
- Interferon-beta/genetics
- Interferon-beta/metabolism
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Melanoma, Experimental/immunology
- Melanoma, Experimental/therapy
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Mutant Strains
- Oncolytic Virotherapy
- Oncolytic Viruses/genetics
- Oncolytic Viruses/metabolism
- Receptor, Interferon alpha-beta/genetics
- Receptor, Interferon alpha-beta/metabolism
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/metabolism
- Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/metabolism
- Spleen/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Evgin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Amanda L Huff
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Jill Thompson
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Tim Kottke
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jason Tonne
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | | | | | - Kevin G Shim
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Pierce Reynolds
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Dileep D Monie
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Matt Coffey
- Oncolytics Biotech Incorporated, Calgary, Canada
| | - Sarah L Young
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Gary Archer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - John Sampson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jose Pulido
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Richard Vile
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Monie DD, Zhang C, Correia C, Ung C, Vile RG, Li H. Network-guided bioengineering of oncolytic immunovirotherapies for glioblastoma. The Journal of Immunology 2020. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.204.supp.169.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common and lethal primary brain tumor in adults, with a median survival less than 15 months despite current standard of care. Oncolytic immunovirotherapies (OVs) have shown promise in early clinical trials. OVs are engineered to specifically target cancer cells, trigger autophagic programmed cell death, and release tumor antigens in the context of T-cell activating cytokines. Cellular communication network factor 1 (CCN1) is an extracellular matrix protein expressed in 70% of glioblastomas that has been shown to drastically reduce OV efficacy, particularly herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). Our objectives were to decode protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks activated by CCN1, identify critical nodes in resistance networks, and use this analysis to design OVs that overcome CCN1-mediated resistance. We used NetDecoder to elucidate phenotype-specific PPI subnetworks in LN229 human glioblastoma cells with tetracycline-inducible CCN1 expression. Publicly available microarray data on CCN1-induced and control samples established differentially expressed genes, which served as sources in our PPI network to derive prioritized context-specific subnetworks. We found that 11 source genes collaborate via 39 deep nodes to confer OV resistance to CCN1-expressing glioblastomas. Of these, a router (IKBKE) and a sink (YBX1) have been previously implicated in glioblastoma pathogenesis. We conclude that autophagy regulator HSP90AA1, a critical node, may be targeted to improve OV efficacy in CCN1-expressing glioblastomas. Furthermore, WebGestalt overrepresentation analysis of subnetwork nodes suggests that oncolytic adenovirus may be more effective than HSV-1 as a synthetic biology chassis.
Collapse
|
13
|
Rinaldo L, Brown DA, Bhargav AG, Rusheen AE, Naylor RM, Gilder HE, Monie DD, Youssef SJ, Parney IF. Venous thromboembolic events in patients undergoing craniotomy for tumor resection: incidence, predictors, and review of literature. J Neurosurg 2020; 132:10-21. [PMID: 30611138 DOI: 10.3171/2018.7.jns181175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The authors sought to investigate the incidence and predictors of venous thromboembolic events (VTEs) after craniotomy for tumor resection, which are not well established, and the efficacy of and risks associated with VTE chemoprophylaxis, which remains controversial. METHODS The authors investigated the incidence of VTEs in a consecutive series of patients presenting to the authors' institution for resection of an intracranial lesion between 2012 and 2017. Information on patient and tumor characteristics was collected and independent predictors of VTEs were determined using stepwise multivariate logistic regression analysis. Review of the literature was performed by searching MEDLINE using the keywords "venous thromboembolism," "deep venous thrombosis," "pulmonary embolism," "craniotomy," and "brain neoplasms." RESULTS There were 1622 patients included for analysis. A small majority of patients were female (52.6%) and the mean age of the cohort was 52.9 years (SD 15.8 years). A majority of intracranial lesions were intraaxial (59.3%). The incidence of VTEs was 3.0% and the rates of deep venous thromboses and pulmonary emboli were 2.3% and 0.9%, respectively. On multivariate analysis, increasing patient age (unit OR 1.02, 95% CI 1.00-1.05; p = 0.018), history of VTE (OR 7.26, 95% CI 3.24-16.27; p < 0.001), presence of motor deficit (OR 2.64, 95% CI 1.43-4.88; p = 0.002), postoperative intracranial hemorrhage (OR 4.35, 95% CI 1.51-12.55; p < 0.001), and prolonged intubation or reintubation (OR 3.27, 95% CI 1.28-8.32; p < 0.001) were independently associated with increased odds of a VTE. There were 192 patients who received VTE chemoprophylaxis (11.8%); the mean postoperative day of chemoprophylaxis initiation was 4.6 (SD 3.8). The incidence of VTEs was higher in patients receiving chemoprophylaxis than in patients not receiving chemoprophylaxis (8.3% vs 2.2%; p < 0.001). There were 30 instances of clinically significant postoperative hemorrhage (1.9%), with only 1 hemorrhage occurring after initiation of VTE chemoprophylaxis (0.1%). CONCLUSIONS The study results show the incidence and predictors of VTEs after craniotomy for tumor resection in this patient population. The incidence of VTE within this cohort appears low and comparable to that observed in other institutional series, despite the lack of routine prophylactic anticoagulation in the postoperative setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Adip G Bhargav
- 2Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic; and
| | - Aaron E Rusheen
- 3Medical Scientist Training Program, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | | | - Dileep D Monie
- 3Medical Scientist Training Program, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | - Ian F Parney
- 1Department of Neurological Surgery, Mayo Clinic
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Abstract
Our understanding of thrombosis formation has evolved significantly ever since physician Rudolf Virchow proposed his "triad" theory in 1856. Modern science has elucidated the mechanisms of stasis, hypercoagulability, and endothelial dysfunction. Today, we have a firm understanding of the key molecular factors involved in the coagulation cascade and fibrinolytic system, as well as the underlying genetic influences. This knowledge of cellular and genetic contributors has been translated into diverse pharmaceutical interventions. Here, we examine the molecular and cellular mechanisms of thrombosis and its associated pathologies. We also review the current state of pharmacologic interventions, including pro- and anti-thrombotics, direct oral anticoagulants, and anti-platelet therapies. The pharmacogenetic factors that guide clinical decision making and prognosis are described in detail. Finally, we explore new approaches to thrombosis drug discovery, repurposing, and diagnostics. We argue that network biology tools will enable a systems pharmacology revolution in the next generation of interventions, facilitating precision medicine applications and ultimately leading to improved patient outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dileep D Monie
- School of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA.,Medical Scientist Training Program, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA.,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Emma P DeLoughery
- School of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kelly JR, Rubin AJ, Davis JH, Ajo-Franklin CM, Cumbers J, Czar MJ, de Mora K, Glieberman AL, Monie DD, Endy D. Measuring the activity of BioBrick promoters using an in vivo reference standard. J Biol Eng 2009; 3:4. [PMID: 19298678 PMCID: PMC2683166 DOI: 10.1186/1754-1611-3-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 287] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2008] [Accepted: 03/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The engineering of many-component, synthetic biological systems is being made easier by the development of collections of reusable, standard biological parts. However, the complexity of biology makes it difficult to predict the extent to which such efforts will succeed. As a first practical example, the Registry of Standard Biological Parts started at MIT now maintains and distributes thousands of BioBrick™ standard biological parts. However, BioBrick parts are only standardized in terms of how individual parts are physically assembled into multi-component systems, and most parts remain uncharacterized. Standardized tools, techniques, and units of measurement are needed to facilitate the characterization and reuse of parts by independent researchers across many laboratories. Results We found that the absolute activity of BioBrick promoters varies across experimental conditions and measurement instruments. We choose one promoter (BBa_J23101) to serve as an in vivo reference standard for promoter activity. We demonstrated that, by measuring the activity of promoters relative to BBa_J23101, we could reduce variation in reported promoter activity due to differences in test conditions and measurement instruments by ~50%. We defined a Relative Promoter Unit (RPU) in order to report promoter characterization data in compatible units and developed a measurement kit so that researchers might more easily adopt RPU as a standard unit for reporting promoter activity. We distributed a set of test promoters to multiple labs and found good agreement in the reported relative activities of promoters so measured. We also characterized the relative activities of a reference collection of BioBrick promoters in order to further support adoption of RPU-based measurement standards. Conclusion Relative activity measurements based on an in vivoreference standard enables improved measurement of promoter activity given variation in measurement conditions and instruments. These improvements are sufficient to begin to support the measurement of promoter activities across many laboratories. Additional in vivo reference standards for other types of biological functions would seem likely to have similar utility, and could thus improve research on the design, production, and reuse of standard biological parts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason R Kelly
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Vath GM, Earhart CA, Monie DD, Iandolo JJ, Schlievert PM, Ohlendorf DH. The crystal structure of exfoliative toxin B: a superantigen with enzymatic activity. Biochemistry 1999; 38:10239-46. [PMID: 10441117 DOI: 10.1021/bi990721e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The exfoliative toxins (ETs) cause staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome, a disease characterized by specific separation of layers of the skin. Evidence suggests that the toxins act as serine proteases, though the specific substrate and mode of action are not known for certain. The crystal structure of exfoliative toxin A (ETA) was reported earlier and shown to be similar to that of the chymotrypsin-like serine proteases. Here, we report the 2.4 A resolution crystal structure of the other exfoliative toxin, ETB, which is 40% identical to ETA. The overall structures of ETA and ETB are similar including the positions of key residues within the active site. The structure of ETB supports the previous findings that the ETs are serine proteases that cleave substrates after glutamic acid residues. In this study we also discuss a number of structural differences including a large 14 residue loop insertion which may be a key feature involved in the differing biological properties of the ETs, particularly the pyrogenic and lethal activities of ETB not shared by ETA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G M Vath
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis 55455, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Monday SR, Vath GM, Ferens WA, Deobald C, Rago JV, Gahr PJ, Monie DD, Iandolo JJ, Chapes SK, Davis WC, Ohlendorf DH, Schlievert PM, Bohach GA. Unique Superantigen Activity of Staphylococcal Exfoliative Toxins. The Journal of Immunology 1999. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.162.8.4550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Certain strains of Staphylococcus aureus express one or both of two related, but immunologically distinct, exfoliative toxins (ETA and ETB). These toxins induce the symptoms associated with staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome. Both ETs have been shown to stimulate T cell proliferation. Recently, it was reported that ETA is a superantigen that stimulates T cells bearing human Vβ2 or several murine Vβs. However, other investigators have proposed that the superantigenicity reported for ETA resulted from contaminants in commercial preparations. This present study addresses those conflicting reports by assessing the biological and immunologic activities of highly purified rETs. ETA and ETB required APCs to induce selective polyclonal expansion of several human Vβs (huVβs), although, neither toxin expanded huVβ2. ETB induced expansion of murine T cells bearing Vβs 7 and 8, those that have the highest homology to the huVβs expanded by ETA and ETB. Although flow cytometry of ETB-stimulated T cells matched PCR results, stimulation by ETA reduced percentages of T cells positive for several huVβs that had been shown to have increased levels of mRNA transcripts. ETA and ETB induced contrasting reactions in vivo. In rabbits, ETB was moderately pyrogenic and enhanced susceptibility to lethal shock, while ETA lacked both activities. Predictions based on comparisons with other superantigens suggest molecular regions potentially involved in receptor binding in the ETA crystal structure and a modeled ETB three-dimensional structure. These results show that ETs are superantigens with unique properties that could account for the discrepancies reported.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven R. Monday
- *Department of Microbiology, Molecular Biology, and Biochemistry, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844; Departments of
| | - Gregory M. Vath
- ‡Biochemistry, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Witold A. Ferens
- *Department of Microbiology, Molecular Biology, and Biochemistry, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844; Departments of
| | - Claudia Deobald
- *Department of Microbiology, Molecular Biology, and Biochemistry, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844; Departments of
| | | | | | | | - John J. Iandolo
- §Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73190
| | - Stephen K. Chapes
- ¶Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506; and
| | - William C. Davis
- ∥Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164
| | | | | | - Gregory A. Bohach
- *Department of Microbiology, Molecular Biology, and Biochemistry, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844; Departments of
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Monday SR, Vath GM, Ferens WA, Deobald C, Rago JV, Gahr PJ, Monie DD, Iandolo JJ, Chapes SK, Davis WC, Ohlendorf DH, Schlievert PM, Bohach GA. Unique superantigen activity of staphylococcal exfoliative toxins. J Immunol 1999; 162:4550-9. [PMID: 10201994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Certain strains of Staphylococcus aureus express one or both of two related, but immunologically distinct, exfoliative toxins (ETA and ETB). These toxins induce the symptoms associated with staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome. Both ETs have been shown to stimulate T cell proliferation. Recently, it was reported that ETA is a superantigen that stimulates T cells bearing human Vbeta2 or several murine Vbetas. However, other investigators have proposed that the superantigenicity reported for ETA resulted from contaminants in commercial preparations. This present study addresses those conflicting reports by assessing the biological and immunologic activities of highly purified rETs. ETA and ETB required APCs to induce selective polyclonal expansion of several human Vbetas (huVbetas), although, neither toxin expanded huVbeta2. ETB induced expansion of murine T cells bearing Vbetas 7 and 8, those that have the highest homology to the huVbetas expanded by ETA and ETB. Although flow cytometry of ETB-stimulated T cells matched PCR results, stimulation by ETA reduced percentages of T cells positive for several huVbetas that had been shown to have increased levels of mRNA transcripts. ETA and ETB induced contrasting reactions in vivo. In rabbits, ETB was moderately pyrogenic and enhanced susceptibility to lethal shock, while ETA lacked both activities. Predictions based on comparisons with other superantigens suggest molecular regions potentially involved in receptor binding in the ETA crystal structure and a modeled ETB three-dimensional structure. These results show that ETs are superantigens with unique properties that could account for the discrepancies reported.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S R Monday
- Department of Microbiology, Molecular Biology, and Biochemistry, University of Idaho, Moscow 83844, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|