1
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Goldfarb RB, Atala Pleshinger MJ, Yan DF, Adams DJ. Lipid-Restricted Culture Media Reveal Unexpected Cancer Cell Sensitivities. ACS Chem Biol 2024; 19:896-907. [PMID: 38506663 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.3c00699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Cancer cell culture models frequently rely on fetal bovine serum as a source of protein and lipid factors that support cell survival and proliferation; however, serum-containing media imperfectly mimic the in vivo cancer environment. Recent studies suggest that typical serum-containing cell culture conditions can mask cancer dependencies, for example, on cholesterol biosynthesis enzymes, that exist in vivo and emerge when cells are cultured in media that provide more realistic levels of lipids. Here, we describe a high-throughput screen that identified fenretinide and ivermectin as small molecules whose cytotoxicity is greatly enhanced in lipid-restricted media formulations. The mechanism of action studies indicates that ivermectin-induced cell death involves oxidative stress, while fenretinide likely targets delta 4-desaturase, sphingolipid 1, a lipid desaturase necessary for ceramide synthesis, to induce cell death. Notably, both fenretinide and ivermectin have previously demonstrated in vivo anticancer efficacy despite their low cytotoxicity under typical cell culture conditions. These studies suggest ceramide synthesis as a targetable vulnerability of cancer cells cultured under lipid-restricted conditions and reveal a general screening strategy for identifying additional cancer dependencies masked by the superabundance of medium lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralston B Goldfarb
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
- Chemical Biology Program, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Matthew J Atala Pleshinger
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
- Chemical Biology Program, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - David F Yan
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
- Chemical Biology Program, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Drew J Adams
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
- Chemical Biology Program, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
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2
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Chen YF, Ghazala M, Friedrich RM, Cordova BA, Petroze FN, Srinivasan R, Allan KC, Yan DF, Sax JL, Carr K, Tomchuck SL, Fedorov Y, Huang AY, Desai AB, Adams DJ. Targeting the chromatin binding of exportin-1 disrupts NFAT and T cell activation. Nat Chem Biol 2024:10.1038/s41589-024-01586-5. [PMID: 38528120 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-024-01586-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Exportin-1 (XPO1/CRM1) plays a central role in the nuclear-to-cytoplasmic transport of hundreds of proteins and contributes to other cellular processes, such as centrosome duplication. Small molecules targeting XPO1 induce cytotoxicity, and selinexor was approved by the Food and Drug Administration in 2019 as a cancer chemotherapy for relapsed multiple myeloma. Here, we describe a cell-type-dependent chromatin-binding function for XPO1 that is essential for the chromatin occupancy of NFAT transcription factors and thus the appropriate activation of T cells. Additionally, we establish a class of XPO1-targeting small molecules capable of disrupting the chromatin binding of XPO1 without perturbing nuclear export or inducing cytotoxicity. This work defines a broad transcription regulatory role for XPO1 that is essential for T cell activation as well as a new class of XPO1 modulators to enable therapeutic targeting of XPO1 beyond oncology including in T cell-driven autoimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Fan Chen
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Chemical Biology Program, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Maryam Ghazala
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Chemical Biology Program, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ryan M Friedrich
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Chemical Biology Program, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Brittany A Cordova
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Frederick N Petroze
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ramya Srinivasan
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Chemical Biology Program, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Kevin C Allan
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - David F Yan
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Chemical Biology Program, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Joel L Sax
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Chemical Biology Program, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Kelley Carr
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Chemical Biology Program, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Suzanne L Tomchuck
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Yuriy Fedorov
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Chemical Biology Program, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Alex Y Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Amar B Desai
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Drew J Adams
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA.
- Chemical Biology Program, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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3
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Dorel R, Sun D, Carruthers N, Castanedo GM, Ung PMU, Factor DC, Li T, Baumann H, Janota D, Pang J, Salphati L, Meklemburg R, Korman AJ, Harper HE, Stubblefield S, Payandeh J, McHugh D, Lang BT, Tesar PJ, Dere E, Masureel M, Adams DJ, Volgraf M, Braun MG. Discovery and Optimization of Selective Brain-Penetrant EBP Inhibitors that Enhance Oligodendrocyte Formation. J Med Chem 2024. [PMID: 38470227 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c02396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
The inhibition of emopamil binding protein (EBP), a sterol isomerase within the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway, promotes oligodendrocyte formation, which has been proposed as a potential therapeutic approach for treating multiple sclerosis. Herein, we describe the discovery and optimization of brain-penetrant, orally bioavailable inhibitors of EBP. A structure-based drug design approach from literature compound 1 led to the discovery of a hydantoin-based scaffold, which provided balanced physicochemical properties and potency and an improved in vitro safety profile. The long half-lives of early hydantoin-based EBP inhibitors in rodents prompted an unconventional optimization strategy, focused on increasing metabolic turnover while maintaining potency and a brain-penetrant profile. The resulting EBP inhibitor 11 demonstrated strong in vivo target engagement in the brain, as illustrated by the accumulation of EBP substrate zymostenol after repeated dosing. Furthermore, compound 11 enhanced the formation of oligodendrocytes in human cortical organoids, providing additional support for our therapeutic hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Dorel
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Dawei Sun
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Nicholas Carruthers
- Convelo Therapeutics, 11000 Cedar Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | | | - Peter M-U Ung
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Daniel C Factor
- Convelo Therapeutics, 11000 Cedar Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Tianbo Li
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Hannah Baumann
- Convelo Therapeutics, 11000 Cedar Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Danielle Janota
- Convelo Therapeutics, 11000 Cedar Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Jodie Pang
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Laurent Salphati
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Robert Meklemburg
- Convelo Therapeutics, 11000 Cedar Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Allison J Korman
- Convelo Therapeutics, 11000 Cedar Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Halie E Harper
- Convelo Therapeutics, 11000 Cedar Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | | | - Jian Payandeh
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Daniel McHugh
- Convelo Therapeutics, 11000 Cedar Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Bradley T Lang
- Convelo Therapeutics, 11000 Cedar Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Paul J Tesar
- Convelo Therapeutics, 11000 Cedar Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Edward Dere
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Matthieu Masureel
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Drew J Adams
- Convelo Therapeutics, 11000 Cedar Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Matthew Volgraf
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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4
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Adams DJ, Barlas B, McIntyre RE, Salguero I, van der Weyden L, Barros A, Vicente JR, Karimpour N, Haider A, Ranzani M, Turner G, Thompson NA, Harle V, Olvera-León R, Robles-Espinoza CD, Speak AO, Geisler N, Weninger WJ, Geyer SH, Hewinson J, Karp NA, Fu B, Yang F, Kozik Z, Choudhary J, Yu L, van Ruiten MS, Rowland BD, Lelliott CJ, Del Castillo Velasco-Herrera M, Verstraten R, Bruckner L, Henssen AG, Rooimans MA, de Lange J, Mohun TJ, Arends MJ, Kentistou KA, Coelho PA, Zhao Y, Zecchini H, Perry JRB, Jackson SP, Balmus G. Genetic determinants of micronucleus formation in vivo. Nature 2024; 627:130-136. [PMID: 38355793 PMCID: PMC10917660 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-07009-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Genomic instability arising from defective responses to DNA damage1 or mitotic chromosomal imbalances2 can lead to the sequestration of DNA in aberrant extranuclear structures called micronuclei (MN). Although MN are a hallmark of ageing and diseases associated with genomic instability, the catalogue of genetic players that regulate the generation of MN remains to be determined. Here we analyse 997 mouse mutant lines, revealing 145 genes whose loss significantly increases (n = 71) or decreases (n = 74) MN formation, including many genes whose orthologues are linked to human disease. We found that mice null for Dscc1, which showed the most significant increase in MN, also displayed a range of phenotypes characteristic of patients with cohesinopathy disorders. After validating the DSCC1-associated MN instability phenotype in human cells, we used genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 screening to define synthetic lethal and synthetic rescue interactors. We found that the loss of SIRT1 can rescue phenotypes associated with DSCC1 loss in a manner paralleling restoration of protein acetylation of SMC3. Our study reveals factors involved in maintaining genomic stability and shows how this information can be used to identify mechanisms that are relevant to human disease biology1.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Adams
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK.
| | - B Barlas
- UK Dementia Research Institute at the University of Cambridge, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - I Salguero
- The Gurdon Institute and Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - A Barros
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
- The Gurdon Institute and Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - J R Vicente
- UK Dementia Research Institute at the University of Cambridge, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - N Karimpour
- UK Dementia Research Institute at the University of Cambridge, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - A Haider
- UK Dementia Research Institute at the University of Cambridge, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - M Ranzani
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - G Turner
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - V Harle
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - C D Robles-Espinoza
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Laboratorio Internacional de Investigación Sobre el Genoma Humano, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Santiago de Querétaro, México
| | - A O Speak
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - N Geisler
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
- The Gurdon Institute and Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - W J Weninger
- Division of Anatomy, MIC, Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | - S H Geyer
- Division of Anatomy, MIC, Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | - J Hewinson
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - N A Karp
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - B Fu
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - F Yang
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Z Kozik
- Functional Proteomics Group, Chester Beatty Laboratories, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - J Choudhary
- Functional Proteomics Group, Chester Beatty Laboratories, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - L Yu
- Functional Proteomics Group, Chester Beatty Laboratories, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - M S van Ruiten
- Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - B D Rowland
- Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - L Bruckner
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC) of the MDC and Charité Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - A G Henssen
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC) of the MDC and Charité Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Berlin, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M A Rooimans
- Department of Human Genetics, Section of Oncogenetics, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J de Lange
- Department of Human Genetics, Section of Oncogenetics, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - T J Mohun
- Division of Developmental Biology, MRC, National Institute for Medical Research, London, UK
| | - M J Arends
- Division of Pathology, Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre, Institute of Genetics & Cancer The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - K A Kentistou
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - P A Coelho
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Y Zhao
- UK Dementia Research Institute at the University of Cambridge, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - H Zecchini
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - J R B Perry
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - S P Jackson
- The Gurdon Institute and Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - G Balmus
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK.
- UK Dementia Research Institute at the University of Cambridge, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- The Gurdon Institute and Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Transylvanian Institute of Neuroscience, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
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5
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Plau J, Morgan CE, Fedorov Y, Banerjee S, Adams DJ, Blaner WS, Yu EW, Golczak M. Discovery of Nonretinoid Inhibitors of CRBP1: Structural and Dynamic Insights for Ligand-Binding Mechanisms. ACS Chem Biol 2023; 18:2309-2323. [PMID: 37713257 PMCID: PMC10591915 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.3c00402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
The dysregulation of retinoid metabolism has been linked to prevalent ocular diseases including age-related macular degeneration and Stargardt disease. Modulating retinoid metabolism through pharmacological approaches holds promise for the treatment of these eye diseases. Cellular retinol-binding protein 1 (CRBP1) is the primary transporter of all-trans-retinol (atROL) in the eye, and its inhibition has recently been shown to protect mouse retinas from light-induced retinal damage. In this report, we employed high-throughput screening to identify new chemical scaffolds for competitive, nonretinoid inhibitors of CRBP1. To understand the mechanisms of interaction between CRBP1 and these inhibitors, we solved high-resolution X-ray crystal structures of the protein in complex with six selected compounds. By combining protein crystallography with hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry, we quantified the conformational changes in CRBP1 caused by different inhibitors and correlated their magnitude with apparent binding affinities. Furthermore, using molecular dynamic simulations, we provided evidence for the functional significance of the "closed" conformation of CRBP1 in retaining ligands within the binding pocket. Collectively, our study outlines the molecular foundations for understanding the mechanism of high-affinity interactions between small molecules and CRBPs, offering a framework for the rational design of improved inhibitors for this class of lipid-binding proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Plau
- Department
of Pharmacology, Small Molecule Drug Development Core Facility, Department of Genetics, and Cleveland Center
for Membrane and Structural Biology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Christopher E. Morgan
- Department
of Pharmacology, Small Molecule Drug Development Core Facility, Department of Genetics, and Cleveland Center
for Membrane and Structural Biology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Thiel College, Greenville, Pennsylvania 16125, United States
| | - Yuriy Fedorov
- Department
of Pharmacology, Small Molecule Drug Development Core Facility, Department of Genetics, and Cleveland Center
for Membrane and Structural Biology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Surajit Banerjee
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell
University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
- Northeastern
Collaborative Access Team, Argonne National
Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Drew J. Adams
- Department
of Pharmacology, Small Molecule Drug Development Core Facility, Department of Genetics, and Cleveland Center
for Membrane and Structural Biology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - William S. Blaner
- Department
of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Edward W. Yu
- Department
of Pharmacology, Small Molecule Drug Development Core Facility, Department of Genetics, and Cleveland Center
for Membrane and Structural Biology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Marcin Golczak
- Department
of Pharmacology, Small Molecule Drug Development Core Facility, Department of Genetics, and Cleveland Center
for Membrane and Structural Biology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
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6
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Kumar M, Gaivin RJ, Khan S, Fedorov Y, Adams DJ, Zhao W, Lee HY, Dai X, Dealwis CG, Schelling JR. Definition of fatty acid transport protein-2 (FATP2) structure facilitates identification of small molecule inhibitors for the treatment of diabetic complications. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 244:125328. [PMID: 37307967 PMCID: PMC10527240 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is a major public health problem due to morbidity and mortality associated with end organ complications. Uptake of fatty acids by Fatty Acid Transport Protein-2 (FATP2) contributes to hyperglycemia, diabetic kidney and liver disease pathogenesis. Because FATP2 structure is unknown, a homology model was constructed, validated by AlphaFold2 prediction and site-directed mutagenesis, and then used to conduct a virtual drug discovery screen. In silico similarity searches to two low-micromolar IC50 FATP2 inhibitors, followed by docking and pharmacokinetics predictions, narrowed a diverse 800,000 compound library to 23 hits. These candidates were further evaluated for inhibition of FATP2-dependent fatty acid uptake and apoptosis in cells. Two compounds demonstrated nanomolar IC50, and were further characterized by molecular dynamic simulations. The results highlight the feasibility of combining a homology model with in silico and in vitro screening, to economically identify high affinity inhibitors of FATP2, as potential treatment for diabetes and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States of America
| | - Robert J Gaivin
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States of America
| | - Shenaz Khan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States of America
| | - Yuriy Fedorov
- Department of Genetics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States of America
| | - Drew J Adams
- Department of Genetics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States of America
| | - Weiyang Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States of America
| | - Hsueh-Yun Lee
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Xinghong Dai
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States of America
| | - Chris G Dealwis
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States of America; Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey R Schelling
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States of America; Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States of America.
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7
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Sax JL, Hershman SN, Hubler Z, Allimuthu D, Elitt MS, Bederman I, Adams DJ. Enhancers of Human and Rodent Oligodendrocyte Formation Predominantly Induce Cholesterol Precursor Accumulation. ACS Chem Biol 2022; 17:2188-2200. [PMID: 35833657 PMCID: PMC9773236 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.2c00330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Regeneration of myelin in the central nervous system is being pursued as a potential therapeutic approach for multiple sclerosis. Several labs have reported small molecules that promote oligodendrocyte formation and remyelination in vivo. Recently, we reported that many such molecules function by inhibiting a narrow window of enzymes in the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway. Here we describe a new high-throughput screen of 1,836 bioactive molecules and a thorough re-analysis of more than 60 molecules previously identified as promoting oligodendrocyte formation from human, rat, or mouse oligodendrocyte progenitor cells. These studies highlight that an overwhelming fraction of validated screening hits, including several molecules being evaluated clinically for remyelination, inhibit cholesterol pathway enzymes like emopamil-binding protein (EBP). To rationalize these findings, we suggest a model that relies on the high druggability of sterol-metabolizing enzymes and the ability of cationic amphiphiles to mimic the transition state of EBP. These studies further establish cholesterol pathway inhibition as a dominant mechanism among screening hits that enhance human, rat, or mouse oligodendrocyte formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel L Sax
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Samantha N Hershman
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Zita Hubler
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Dharmaraja Allimuthu
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Matthew S Elitt
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Ilya Bederman
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Drew J Adams
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
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8
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Pleshinger MJ, Friedrich RM, Hubler Z, Rivera-León AM, Gao F, Yan D, Sax JL, Srinivasan R, Bederman I, Shick HE, Tesar PJ, Adams DJ. Inhibition of SC4MOL and HSD17B7 shifts cellular sterol composition and promotes oligodendrocyte formation. RSC Chem Biol 2022; 3:56-68. [PMID: 35128409 PMCID: PMC8729178 DOI: 10.1039/d1cb00145k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
While the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway has been extensively studied, recent work has forged new links between inhibition of specific sterol pathway enzymes, accumulation of their unique sterol substrates, and biological areas as diverse as cancer, immunology, and neurodegenerative disease. We recently reported that dozens of small molecules enhance formation of oligodendrocytes, a glial cell type lost in multiple sclerosis, by inhibiting CYP51, Sterol 14-reductase, or EBP and inducing cellular accumulation of their 8,9-unsaturated sterol substrates. Several adjacent pathway enzymes also have 8,9-unsaturated sterol substrates but have not yet been evaluated as potential targets for oligodendrocyte formation or in many other biological contexts, in part due to a lack of available small-molecule probes. Here, we show that genetic suppression of SC4MOL or HSD17B7 increases the formation of oligodendrocytes. Additionally, we have identified and optimized multiple potent new series of SC4MOL and HSD17B7 inhibitors and shown that these small molecules enhance oligodendrocyte formation. SC4MOL inhibitor CW4142 induced accumulation of SC4MOL's sterol substrates in mouse brain and represents an in vivo probe of SC4MOL activity. Mechanistically, the cellular accumulation of these 8,9-unsaturated sterols represents a central driver of enhanced oligodendrocyte formation, as exogenous addition of purified SC4MOL and HSD17B7 substrates but not their 8,9-saturated analogs promotes OPC differentiation. Our work validates SC4MOL and HSD17B7 as novel targets for promoting oligodendrocyte formation, underlines a broad role for 8,9-unsaturated sterols as enhancers of oligodendrocyte formation, and establishes the first high-quality small molecules targeting SC4MOL and HSD17B7 as novel tools for probing diverse areas of biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Pleshinger
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine Cleveland Ohio 44106 USA
| | - Ryan M Friedrich
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine Cleveland Ohio 44106 USA
| | - Zita Hubler
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine Cleveland Ohio 44106 USA
| | - Adrianna M Rivera-León
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine Cleveland Ohio 44106 USA
| | - Farrah Gao
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine Cleveland Ohio 44106 USA
| | - David Yan
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine Cleveland Ohio 44106 USA
| | - Joel L Sax
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine Cleveland Ohio 44106 USA
| | - Ramya Srinivasan
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine Cleveland Ohio 44106 USA
| | - Ilya Bederman
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine Cleveland Ohio 44106 USA
| | - H Elizabeth Shick
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine Cleveland Ohio 44106 USA
| | - Paul J Tesar
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine Cleveland Ohio 44106 USA
| | - Drew J Adams
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine Cleveland Ohio 44106 USA
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9
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Dalmasso B, Pastorino L, Nathan V, Shah NN, Palmer JM, Howlie M, Johansson PA, Freedman ND, Carter BD, Beane-Freeman L, Hicks B, Molven A, Helgadottir H, Sankar A, Tsao H, Stratigos AJ, Helsing P, Van Doorn R, Gruis NA, Visser M, Wadt KAW, Mann G, Holland EA, Nagore E, Potrony M, Puig S, Menin C, Peris K, Fargnoli MC, Calista D, Soufir N, Harland M, Bishop T, Kanetsky PA, Elder DE, Andreotti V, Vanni I, Bruno W, Höiom V, Tucker MA, Yang XR, Andresen PA, Adams DJ, Landi MT, Hayward NK, Goldstein AM, Ghiorzo P. Germline ATM variants predispose to melanoma: a joint analysis across the GenoMEL and MelaNostrum consortia. Genet Med 2021; 23:2087-2095. [PMID: 34262154 PMCID: PMC8553617 DOI: 10.1038/s41436-021-01240-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Ataxia-Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM) has been implicated in the risk of several cancers, but establishing a causal relationship is often challenging. Although ATM single-nucleotide polymorphisms have been linked to melanoma, few functional alleles have been identified. Therefore, ATM impact on melanoma predisposition is unclear. METHODS From 22 American, Australian, and European sites, we collected 2,104 familial, multiple primary (MPM), and sporadic melanoma cases who underwent ATM genotyping via panel, exome, or genome sequencing, and compared the allele frequency (AF) of selected ATM variants classified as loss-of-function (LOF) and variants of uncertain significance (VUS) between this cohort and the gnomAD non-Finnish European (NFE) data set. RESULTS LOF variants were more represented in our study cohort than in gnomAD NFE, both in all (AF = 0.005 and 0.002, OR = 2.6, 95% CI = 1.56-4.11, p < 0.01), and familial + MPM cases (AF = 0.0054 and 0.002, OR = 2.97, p < 0.01). Similarly, VUS were enriched in all (AF = 0.046 and 0.033, OR = 1.41, 95% CI = 1.6-5.09, p < 0.01) and familial + MPM cases (AF = 0.053 and 0.033, OR = 1.63, p < 0.01). In a case-control comparison of two centers that provided 1,446 controls, LOF and VUS were enriched in familial + MPM cases (p = 0.027, p = 0.018). CONCLUSION This study, describing the largest multicenter melanoma cohort investigated for ATM germline variants, supports the role of ATM as a melanoma predisposition gene, with LOF variants suggesting a moderate-risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Dalmasso
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genetics of Rare Cancers, Genoa, Italy.
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
| | - L Pastorino
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genetics of Rare Cancers, Genoa, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - V Nathan
- Oncogenomics Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - N N Shah
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - J M Palmer
- Oncogenomics Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - M Howlie
- Oncogenomics Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - P A Johansson
- Oncogenomics Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - N D Freedman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - B D Carter
- American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - L Beane-Freeman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - B Hicks
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - A Molven
- Gade Laboratory for Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - H Helgadottir
- Department of Oncology Pathology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Sankar
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - H Tsao
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Department of Dermatology, MGH Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A J Stratigos
- First Department of Dermatology-Venereology, Andreas Sygros Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - P Helsing
- Department of Dermatology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - R Van Doorn
- Department Dermatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - N A Gruis
- Department Dermatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - M Visser
- Department Dermatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - K A W Wadt
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - G Mann
- Centre for Cancer Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Westmead, Australia
| | - E A Holland
- Centre for Cancer Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Westmead, Australia
| | - E Nagore
- Department of Dermatology, Instituto Valenciano de Oncologia, Valencia, Spain
| | - M Potrony
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Department, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Puig
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain
- Dermatology Department, Melanoma Unit, HospitalClínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Menin
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - K Peris
- Institute of Dermatology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - M C Fargnoli
- Dermatology, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - D Calista
- Dermatology Unit, Maurizio Bufalini Hospital, Cesena, Italy
| | - N Soufir
- Dépatement de Génétique Moléculaire, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris, France
| | - M Harland
- Section of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - T Bishop
- Section of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - P A Kanetsky
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - D E Elder
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - V Andreotti
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genetics of Rare Cancers, Genoa, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - I Vanni
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genetics of Rare Cancers, Genoa, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - W Bruno
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genetics of Rare Cancers, Genoa, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - V Höiom
- Department of Oncology Pathology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M A Tucker
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - X R Yang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - P A Andresen
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - D J Adams
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - M T Landi
- Divison of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - N K Hayward
- Oncogenomics Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - A M Goldstein
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - P Ghiorzo
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genetics of Rare Cancers, Genoa, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
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10
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Sax JL, Hubler Z, Allimuthu D, Adams DJ. Screening Reveals Sterol Derivatives with Pro-Differentiation, Pro-Survival, or Potent Cytotoxic Effects on Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cells. ACS Chem Biol 2021; 16:1288-1297. [PMID: 34232635 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.1c00461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inducing the formation of new oligodendrocytes from oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) represents a potential approach to repairing the loss of myelin observed in multiple sclerosis and other diseases. Recently, we demonstrated that accumulation of specific cholesterol precursors, 8,9-unsaturated sterols, is a dominant mechanism by which dozens of small molecules enhance oligodendrocyte formation. Here, we evaluated a library of 56 sterols and steroids to evaluate whether other classes of bioactive sterol derivatives may also influence mouse oligodendrocyte precursor cell (OPC) differentiation or survival. From this library, we identified U-73343 as a potent enhancer of oligodendrocyte formation that induces 8,9-unsaturated sterol accumulation by inhibition of the cholesterol biosynthesis enzyme sterol 14-reductase. In contrast, we found that mouse OPCs are remarkably vulnerable to treatment with the glycosterol OSW-1, an oxysterol-binding protein (OSBP) modulator that induces Golgi stress and OPC death in the low picomolar range. A subsequent small-molecule suppressor screen identified mTOR signaling as a key effector pathway mediating OSW-1's cytotoxic effects in mouse OPCs. Finally, evaluation of a panel of ER and Golgi stress-inducing small molecules revealed that mouse OPCs are highly sensitive to these perturbations, more so than closely related neural progenitor cells. Together, these studies highlight the wide-ranging influence of sterols and steroids on OPC cell fate, with 8,9-unsaturated sterols positively enhancing differentiation to oligodendrocytes and OSW-1 able to induce lethal Golgi stress with remarkable potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel L. Sax
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Zita Hubler
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Dharmaraja Allimuthu
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Drew J. Adams
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
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11
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Hubler Z, Friedrich RM, Sax JL, Allimuthu D, Gao F, Rivera-León AM, Pleshinger MJ, Bederman I, Adams DJ. Modulation of lanosterol synthase drives 24,25-epoxysterol synthesis and oligodendrocyte formation. Cell Chem Biol 2021; 28:866-875.e5. [PMID: 33636107 PMCID: PMC8217109 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2021.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Small molecules that promote the formation of new myelinating oligodendrocytes from oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) are potential therapeutics for demyelinating diseases. We recently established inhibition of specific cholesterol biosynthesis enzymes and resulting accumulation of 8,9-unsaturated sterols as a unifying mechanism through which many such molecules act. To identify more potent sterol enhancers of oligodendrocyte formation, we synthesized a collection of 8,9-unsaturated sterol derivatives and found that 24,25-epoxylanosterol potently promoted oligodendrocyte formation. In OPCs, 24,25-epoxylanosterol was metabolized to 24,25-epoxycholesterol via the epoxycholesterol shunt pathway. Increasing flux through the epoxycholesterol shunt using genetic manipulation or small-molecule inhibition of lanosterol synthase (LSS) increased endogenous 24,25-epoxycholesterol levels and OPC differentiation. Notably, exogenously supplied 24,25-epoxycholesterol promoted oligodendrocyte formation despite lacking an 8,9-unsaturation. This work highlights epoxycholesterol shunt usage, controlled by inhibitors of LSS, as a target to promote oligodendrocyte formation. Additionally, sterols beyond the 8,9-unsaturated sterols, including 24,25-epoxycholesterol, drive oligodendrocyte formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zita Hubler
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Ryan M Friedrich
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Joel L Sax
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Dharmaraja Allimuthu
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Farrah Gao
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Adrianna M Rivera-León
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Matthew J Pleshinger
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Ilya Bederman
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Drew J Adams
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
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12
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Scheller EL, Ehlmann BL, Hu R, Adams DJ, Yung YL. Long-term drying of Mars by sequestration of ocean-scale volumes of water in the crust. Science 2021; 372:56-62. [PMID: 33727251 DOI: 10.1126/science.abc7717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Geological evidence shows that ancient Mars had large volumes of liquid water. Models of past hydrogen escape to space, calibrated with observations of the current escape rate, cannot explain the present-day deuterium-to-hydrogen isotope ratio (D/H). We simulated volcanic degassing, atmospheric escape, and crustal hydration on Mars, incorporating observational constraints from spacecraft, rovers, and meteorites. We found that ancient water volumes equivalent to a 100 to 1500 meter global layer are simultaneously compatible with the geological evidence, loss rate estimates, and D/H measurements. In our model, the volume of water participating in the hydrological cycle decreased by 40 to 95% over the Noachian period (~3.7 billion to 4.1 billion years ago), reaching present-day values by ~3.0 billion years ago. Between 30 and 99% of martian water was sequestered through crustal hydration, demonstrating that irreversible chemical weathering can increase the aridity of terrestrial planets.
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Affiliation(s)
- E L Scheller
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
| | - B L Ehlmann
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.,Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | - Renyu Hu
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | - D J Adams
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Y L Yung
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.,Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
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13
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Abstract
The voltage-gated sodium channel Nav1.8 mediates the tetrodotoxin-resistant (TTX-R) Na+ current in nociceptive primary sensory neurons, which has an important role in the transmission of painful stimuli. Here, we describe the functional modulation of the human Nav1.8 α-subunit in Xenopus oocytes by auxiliary β subunits. We found that the β3 subunit down-regulated the maximal Na+ current amplitude and decelerated recovery from inactivation of hNav1.8, whereas the β1 and β2 subunits had no such effects. The specific regulation of Nav1.8 by the β3 subunit constitutes a potential novel regulatory mechanism of the TTX-R Na+ current in primary sensory neurons with potential implications in chronic pain states. In particular, neuropathic pain states are characterized by a down-regulation of Nav1.8 accompanied by increased expression of the β3 subunit. Our results suggest that these two phenomena may be correlated, and that increased levels of the β3 subunit may directly contribute to the down-regulation of Nav1.8. To determine which domain of the β3 subunit is responsible for the specific regulation of hNav1.8, we created chimeras of the β1 and β3 subunits and co-expressed them with the hNav1.8 α-subunit in Xenopus oocytes. The intracellular domain of the β3 subunit was shown to be responsible for the down-regulation of maximal Nav1.8 current amplitudes. In contrast, the extracellular domain mediated the effect of the β3 subunit on hNav1.8 recovery kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- S T Nevin
- School of Biomedical Sciences and the Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland , Brisbane, Australia
| | - N Lawrence
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland , Brisbane, Australia
| | - A Nicke
- School of Biomedical Sciences and the Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland , Brisbane, Australia.,Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland , Brisbane, Australia
| | - R J Lewis
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland , Brisbane, Australia
| | - D J Adams
- School of Biomedical Sciences and the Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland , Brisbane, Australia.,Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute (IHMRI), University of Wollongong , Wollongong, Australia
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14
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Bayles I, Krajewska M, Pontius WD, Saiakhova A, Morrow JJ, Bartels C, Lu J, Faber ZJ, Fedorov Y, Hong ES, Karnuta JM, Rubin B, Adams DJ, George RE, Scacheri PC. Ex vivo screen identifies CDK12 as a metastatic vulnerability in osteosarcoma. J Clin Invest 2020; 129:4377-4392. [PMID: 31498151 DOI: 10.1172/jci127718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite progress in intensification of therapy, outcomes for patients with metastatic osteosarcoma (OS) have not improved in thirty years. We developed a system that enabled preclinical screening of compounds against metastatic OS cells in the context of the native lung microenvironment. Using this strategy to screen a library of epigenetically targeted compounds, we identified inhibitors of CDK12 to be most effective, reducing OS cell outgrowth in the lung by more than 90% at submicromolar doses. We found that knockout of CDK12 in an in vivo model of lung metastasis significantly decreased the ability of OS to colonize the lung. CDK12 inhibition led to defects in transcription elongation in a gene length- and expression-dependent manner. These effects were accompanied by defects in RNA processing and altered the expression of genes involved in transcription regulation and the DNA damage response. We further identified OS models that differ in their sensitivity to CDK12 inhibition in the lung and provided evidence that upregulated MYC levels may mediate these differences. Our studies provided a framework for rapid preclinical testing of compounds with antimetastatic activity and highlighted CDK12 as a potential therapeutic target in OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Bayles
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Malgorzata Krajewska
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - W Dean Pontius
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Alina Saiakhova
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - James J Morrow
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Cynthia Bartels
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Jim Lu
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Zachary J Faber
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Yuriy Fedorov
- Small Molecules Drug Development Core Facility, Office of Research Administration, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Ellen S Hong
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Jaret M Karnuta
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Brian Rubin
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Drew J Adams
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Small Molecules Drug Development Core Facility, Office of Research Administration, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Rani E George
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Peter C Scacheri
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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15
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Factor DC, Barbeau AM, Allan KC, Hu LR, Madhavan M, Hoang AT, Hazel KEA, Hall PA, Nisraiyya S, Najm FJ, Miller TE, Nevin ZS, Karl RT, Lima BR, Song Y, Sibert AG, Dhillon GK, Volsko C, Bartels CF, Adams DJ, Dutta R, Gallagher MD, Phu W, Kozlenkov A, Dracheva S, Scacheri PC, Tesar PJ, Corradin O. Cell Type-Specific Intralocus Interactions Reveal Oligodendrocyte Mechanisms in MS. Cell 2020; 181:382-395.e21. [PMID: 32246942 PMCID: PMC7426147 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by attack on oligodendrocytes within the central nervous system (CNS). Despite widespread use of immunomodulatory therapies, patients may still face progressive disability because of failure of myelin regeneration and loss of neurons, suggesting additional cellular pathologies. Here, we describe a general approach for identifying specific cell types in which a disease allele exerts a pathogenic effect. Applying this approach to MS risk loci, we pinpoint likely pathogenic cell types for 70%. In addition to T cell loci, we unexpectedly identified myeloid- and CNS-specific risk loci, including two sites that dysregulate transcriptional pause release in oligodendrocytes. Functional studies demonstrated inhibition of transcriptional elongation is a dominant pathway blocking oligodendrocyte maturation. Furthermore, pause release factors are frequently dysregulated in MS brain tissue. These data implicate cell-intrinsic aberrations outside of the immune system and suggest new avenues for therapeutic development. VIDEO ABSTRACT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C Factor
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Anna M Barbeau
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Kevin C Allan
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Lucille R Hu
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Mayur Madhavan
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - An T Hoang
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Kathryn E A Hazel
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Parker A Hall
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Sagar Nisraiyya
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Fadi J Najm
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Tyler E Miller
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Zachary S Nevin
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Robert T Karl
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Bruna R Lima
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Yanwei Song
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | | | - Gursimran K Dhillon
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Christina Volsko
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Cynthia F Bartels
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Drew J Adams
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Ranjan Dutta
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | | | - William Phu
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Alexey Kozlenkov
- James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10468, USA; Friedman Brain Institute and Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Stella Dracheva
- James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10468, USA; Friedman Brain Institute and Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Peter C Scacheri
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Paul J Tesar
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Olivia Corradin
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
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16
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Belur Nagaraj A, Joseph P, Ponting E, Fedorov Y, Singh S, Cole A, Lee W, Yoon E, Baccarini A, Scacheri P, Buckanovich R, Adams DJ, Drapkin R, Brown BD, DiFeo A. A miRNA-Mediated Approach to Dissect the Complexity of Tumor-Initiating Cell Function and Identify miRNA-Targeting Drugs. Stem Cell Reports 2020; 12:122-134. [PMID: 30629937 PMCID: PMC6335585 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor-initiating cells (TICs) contribute to drug resistance and tumor recurrence in cancers, thus experimental approaches to dissect the complexity of TICs are required to design successful TIC therapeutic strategies. Here, we show that miRNA-3' UTR sensor vectors can be used as a pathway-based method to identify, enrich, and analyze TICs from primary solid tumor patient samples. We have found that an miR-181ahigh subpopulation of cells sorted from primary ovarian tumor cells exhibited TIC properties in vivo, were enriched in response to continuous cisplatin treatment, and showed activation of numerous major stem cell regulatory pathways. This miRNA-sensor-based platform enabled high-throughput drug screening leading to identification of BET inhibitors as transcriptional inhibitors of miR-181a. Taken together, we provide a valuable miRNA-sensor-based approach to broaden the understanding of complex TIC regulatory mechanisms in cancers and to identify miRNA-targeting drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Belur Nagaraj
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Peronne Joseph
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Erin Ponting
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Yuriy Fedorov
- Small Molecules Drug Development Core Facility, Office of Research Administration, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Salendra Singh
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Alex Cole
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Center for Wireless Integrated MicroSensing and Systems (WIMS2), The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Woncheol Lee
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Center for Wireless Integrated MicroSensing and Systems (WIMS2), The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Euisik Yoon
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Center for Wireless Integrated MicroSensing and Systems (WIMS2), The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Alessia Baccarini
- Department of Genetics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Peter Scacheri
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Ronald Buckanovich
- Department of Medicine, Magee Women's Cancer Research Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Drew J Adams
- Small Molecules Drug Development Core Facility, Office of Research Administration, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Ronny Drapkin
- Penn Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, PA, USA
| | - Brian D Brown
- Department of Genetics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Analisa DiFeo
- Rogel Cancer Center, The University of Michigan, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Michigan, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Pathology, The University of Michigan, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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17
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Ogino M, Fedorov Y, Adams DJ, Okada K, Ito N, Sugiyama M, Ogino T. Vesiculopolins, a New Class of Anti-Vesiculoviral Compounds, Inhibit Transcription Initiation of Vesiculoviruses. Viruses 2019; 11:v11090856. [PMID: 31540123 PMCID: PMC6783830 DOI: 10.3390/v11090856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) represents a promising platform for developing oncolytic viruses, as well as vaccines against significant human pathogens. To safely control VSV infection in humans, small-molecule drugs that selectively inhibit VSV infection may be needed. Here, using a cell-based high-throughput screening assay followed by an in vitro transcription assay, compounds with a 7-hydroxy-6-methyl-3,4-dihydroquinolin-2(1H)-one structure and an aromatic group at position 4 (named vesiculopolins, VPIs) were identified as VSV RNA polymerase inhibitors. The most effective compound, VPI A, inhibited VSV-induced cytopathic effects and in vitro mRNA synthesis with micromolar to submicromolar 50% inhibitory concentrations. VPI A was found to inhibit terminal de novo initiation rather than elongation for leader RNA synthesis, but not mRNA capping, with the VSV L protein, suggesting that VPI A is targeted to the polymerase domain in the L protein. VPI A inhibited transcription of Chandipura virus, but not of human parainfluenza virus 3, suggesting that it specifically acts on vesiculoviral L proteins. These results suggest that VPIs may serve not only as molecular probes to elucidate the mechanisms of transcription of vesiculoviruses, but also as lead compounds to develop antiviral drugs against vesiculoviruses and other related rhabdoviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minako Ogino
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | - Yuriy Fedorov
- Small Molecule Drug Development Core, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | - Drew J Adams
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | - Kazuma Okada
- Laboratory of Zoonotic Diseases, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.
| | - Naoto Ito
- Laboratory of Zoonotic Diseases, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.
- Gifu Center for Highly Advanced Integration of Nanosciences and Life Sciences (G-CHAIN), Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.
| | - Makoto Sugiyama
- Laboratory of Zoonotic Diseases, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.
| | - Tomoaki Ogino
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
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18
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Allimuthu D, Hubler Z, Najm FJ, Tang H, Bederman I, Seibel W, Tesar PJ, Adams DJ. Diverse Chemical Scaffolds Enhance Oligodendrocyte Formation by Inhibiting CYP51, TM7SF2, or EBP. Cell Chem Biol 2019; 26:593-599.e4. [PMID: 30773481 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2019.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Small molecules that promote oligodendrocyte formation have been identified in "drug repurposing" screens to nominate candidate therapeutics for diseases in which myelin is lost, including multiple sclerosis. We recently reported that many such molecules enhance oligodendrocyte formation not by their canonical targets but by inhibiting a narrow range of enzymes in cholesterol biosynthesis. Here we identify enhancers of oligodendrocyte formation obtained by screening a structurally diverse library of 10,000 small molecules. Identification of the cellular targets of these validated hits revealed a majority inhibited the cholesterol biosynthesis enzymes CYP51, TM7SF2, or EBP. In addition, evaluation of analogs led to identification of CW3388, a potent EBP-inhibiting enhancer of oligodendrocyte formation poised for further optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharmaraja Allimuthu
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Zita Hubler
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Fadi J Najm
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Hong Tang
- Drug Discovery Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45237, USA
| | - Ilya Bederman
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - William Seibel
- Oncology Department, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Paul J Tesar
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Drew J Adams
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
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19
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Elitt MS, Shick HE, Madhavan M, Allan KC, Clayton BLL, Weng C, Miller TE, Factor DC, Barbar L, Nawash BS, Nevin ZS, Lager AM, Li Y, Jin F, Adams DJ, Tesar PJ. Chemical Screening Identifies Enhancers of Mutant Oligodendrocyte Survival and Unmasks a Distinct Pathological Phase in Pelizaeus-Merzbacher Disease. Stem Cell Reports 2018; 11:711-726. [PMID: 30146490 PMCID: PMC6135742 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2018.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease (PMD) is a fatal X-linked disorder caused by loss of myelinating oligodendrocytes and consequent hypomyelination. The underlying cellular and molecular dysfunctions are not fully defined, but therapeutic enhancement of oligodendrocyte survival could restore functional myelination in patients. Here we generated pure, scalable quantities of induced pluripotent stem cell-derived oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) from a severe mouse model of PMD, Plp1jimpy. Temporal phenotypic and transcriptomic studies defined an early pathological window characterized by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and cell death as OPCs exit their progenitor state. High-throughput phenotypic screening identified a compound, Ro 25-6981, which modulates the ER stress response and rescues mutant oligodendrocyte survival in jimpy, in vitro and in vivo, and in human PMD oligocortical spheroids. Surprisingly, increasing oligodendrocyte survival did not restore subsequent myelination, revealing a second pathological phase. Collectively, our work shows that PMD oligodendrocyte loss can be rescued pharmacologically and defines a need for multifactorial intervention to restore myelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S Elitt
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - H Elizabeth Shick
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Mayur Madhavan
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Kevin C Allan
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Benjamin L L Clayton
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Chen Weng
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Tyler E Miller
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Daniel C Factor
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Lilianne Barbar
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Baraa S Nawash
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Zachary S Nevin
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Angela M Lager
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Fulai Jin
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Department of Engineering and Computer Science, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Drew J Adams
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Paul J Tesar
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
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20
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Hubler Z, Allimuthu D, Bederman I, Elitt MS, Madhavan M, Allan KC, Shick HE, Garrison E, T Karl M, Factor DC, Nevin ZS, Sax JL, Thompson MA, Fedorov Y, Jin J, Wilson WK, Giera M, Bracher F, Miller RH, Tesar PJ, Adams DJ. Accumulation of 8,9-unsaturated sterols drives oligodendrocyte formation and remyelination. Nature 2018; 560:372-376. [PMID: 30046109 PMCID: PMC6423962 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-018-0360-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Regeneration of myelin is mediated by oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs), an abundant stem cell population in the CNS and the principal source of new myelinating oligodendrocytes. Loss of myelin-producing oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system (CNS) underlies a number of neurological diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS) and diverse genetic diseases1–3. Using high throughput chemical screening approaches, we and others have identified small molecules that stimulate oligodendrocyte formation from OPCs and functionally enhance remyelination in vivo4–10. Here we show a broad range of these pro-myelinating small molecules function not through their canonical targets but by directly inhibiting CYP51 (cytochrome P450, family 51), TM7SF2, or EBP (emopamil binding protein), a narrow range of enzymes within the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway. Subsequent accumulation of the 8,9-unsaturated sterol substrates of these enzymes is a key mechanistic node that promotes oligodendrocyte formation, as 8,9-unsaturated sterols are effective when supplied to OPCs in purified form while analogous sterols lacking this structural feature have no effect. Collectively, our results define a unifying sterol-based mechanism-of-action for most known small-molecule enhancers of oligodendrocyte formation and highlight specific targets to propel the development of optimal remyelinating therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zita Hubler
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Dharmaraja Allimuthu
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ilya Bederman
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Matthew S Elitt
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Mayur Madhavan
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Kevin C Allan
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - H Elizabeth Shick
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Eric Garrison
- Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Biology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Molly T Karl
- Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Biology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Daniel C Factor
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Zachary S Nevin
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Joel L Sax
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Matthew A Thompson
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Yuriy Fedorov
- Small Molecule Drug Development Core, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jing Jin
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Martin Giera
- Leiden University Medical Center, Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Franz Bracher
- Department of Pharmacy - Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Robert H Miller
- Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Biology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Paul J Tesar
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Drew J Adams
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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21
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Vargas R, Gopal P, Kuzmishin GB, DeBernardo R, Koyfman SA, Jha BK, Mian OY, Scott J, Adams DJ, Peacock CD, Abazeed ME. Case study: patient-derived clear cell adenocarcinoma xenograft model longitudinally predicts treatment response. NPJ Precis Oncol 2018; 2:14. [PMID: 30202792 PMCID: PMC6041303 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-018-0060-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There has been little progress in the use of patient-derived xenografts (PDX) to guide individual therapeutic strategies. In part, this can be attributed to the operational challenges of effecting successful engraftment and testing multiple candidate drugs in a clinically workable timeframe. It also remains unclear whether the ancestral tumor will evolve along similar evolutionary trajectories in its human and rodent hosts in response to similar selective pressures (i.e., drugs). Herein, we combine a metastatic clear cell adenocarcinoma PDX with a timely 3 mouse x 1 drug experimental design, followed by a co-clinical trial to longitudinally guide a patient's care. Using this approach, we accurately predict response to first- and second-line therapies in so far as tumor response in mice correlated with the patient's clinical response to first-line therapy (gemcitabine/nivolumab), development of resistance and response to second-line therapy (paclitaxel/neratinib) before these events were observed in the patient. Treatment resistance to first-line therapy in the PDX is coincident with biologically relevant changes in gene and gene set expression, including upregulation of phase I/II drug metabolism (CYP2C18, UGT2A, and ATP2A1) and DNA interstrand cross-link repair (i.e., XPA, FANCE, FANCG, and FANCL) genes. A total of 5.3% of our engrafted PDX collection is established within 2 weeks of implantation, suggesting our experimental designs can be broadened to other cancers. These findings could have significant implications for PDX-based avatars of aggressive human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Vargas
- 1Gynecologic Oncology Division, Women's Health Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue/A8, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA
| | - Priyanka Gopal
- 2Department of Translational Hematology Oncology Research, Cleveland Clinic, 2111 East 96th St/NE6-258, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA
| | - Gwendolyn B Kuzmishin
- 2Department of Translational Hematology Oncology Research, Cleveland Clinic, 2111 East 96th St/NE6-258, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA
| | - Robert DeBernardo
- 1Gynecologic Oncology Division, Women's Health Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue/A8, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA
| | - Shlomo A Koyfman
- 3Department of Radiation Oncology, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue/CA-60, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA
| | - Babal K Jha
- 2Department of Translational Hematology Oncology Research, Cleveland Clinic, 2111 East 96th St/NE6-258, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA
| | - Omar Y Mian
- 2Department of Translational Hematology Oncology Research, Cleveland Clinic, 2111 East 96th St/NE6-258, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA.,3Department of Radiation Oncology, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue/CA-60, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA
| | - Jacob Scott
- 2Department of Translational Hematology Oncology Research, Cleveland Clinic, 2111 East 96th St/NE6-258, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA.,3Department of Radiation Oncology, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue/CA-60, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA
| | - Drew J Adams
- 4Department of Genetics, Case Western Reserve University, 2109 Adelbert Road/BRB, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
| | - Craig D Peacock
- 2Department of Translational Hematology Oncology Research, Cleveland Clinic, 2111 East 96th St/NE6-258, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA
| | - Mohamed E Abazeed
- 2Department of Translational Hematology Oncology Research, Cleveland Clinic, 2111 East 96th St/NE6-258, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA.,3Department of Radiation Oncology, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue/CA-60, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA
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22
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Cecchini GG, Jones ACL, Fuentes-Garcia M, Adams DJ, Austin M, Membreno E, Mills AP. Detector for positronium temperature measurements by two-photon angular correlation. Rev Sci Instrum 2018; 89:053106. [PMID: 29864868 DOI: 10.1063/1.5017724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We report on the design and characterization of a modular γ-ray detector assembly developed for accurate and efficient detection of coincident 511 keV back-to-back γ-rays following electron-positron annihilation. Each modular detector consists of 16 narrow lutetium yttrium oxyorthosilicate scintillators coupled to a multi-anode Hamamatsu H12700B photomultiplier tube. We discuss the operation and optimization of 511 keV γ-ray detection resulting from testing various scintillators and detector arrangements concluding with an estimate of the coincident 511 keV detection efficiency for the intended experiment and a preliminary test representing one-quarter of the completed array.
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Affiliation(s)
- G G Cecchini
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - A C L Jones
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - M Fuentes-Garcia
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - D J Adams
- College of Natural and Agricultural Sciences Machine Shop, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - M Austin
- Department of Physics, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53233, USA
| | - E Membreno
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - A P Mills
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA
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23
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Singleton KR, Crawford L, Tsui E, Manchester HE, Maertens O, Liu X, Liberti MV, Magpusao AN, Stein EM, Tingley JP, Frederick DT, Boland GM, Flaherty KT, McCall SJ, Krepler C, Sproesser K, Herlyn M, Adams DJ, Locasale JW, Cichowski K, Mukherjee S, Wood KC. Melanoma Therapeutic Strategies that Select against Resistance by Exploiting MYC-Driven Evolutionary Convergence. Cell Rep 2017; 21:2796-2812. [PMID: 29212027 PMCID: PMC5728698 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diverse pathways drive resistance to BRAF/MEK inhibitors in BRAF-mutant melanoma, suggesting that durable control of resistance will be a challenge. By combining statistical modeling of genomic data from matched pre-treatment and post-relapse patient tumors with functional interrogation of >20 in vitro and in vivo resistance models, we discovered that major pathways of resistance converge to activate the transcription factor, c-MYC (MYC). MYC expression and pathway gene signatures were suppressed following drug treatment, and then rebounded during progression. Critically, MYC activation was necessary and sufficient for resistance, and suppression of MYC activity using genetic approaches or BET bromodomain inhibition was sufficient to resensitize cells and delay BRAFi resistance. Finally, MYC-driven, BRAFi-resistant cells are hypersensitive to the inhibition of MYC synthetic lethal partners, including SRC family and c-KIT tyrosine kinases, as well as glucose, glutamine, and serine metabolic pathways. These insights enable the design of combination therapies that select against resistance evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine R Singleton
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Lorin Crawford
- Department of Statistical Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Elizabeth Tsui
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Haley E Manchester
- Genetics Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ophelia Maertens
- Genetics Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Xiaojing Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Maria V Liberti
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Graduate Field of Biochemistry, Molecular and Cell Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Anniefer N Magpusao
- Department of Genetics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Stein
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Jennifer P Tingley
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Dennie T Frederick
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Genevieve M Boland
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Keith T Flaherty
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | | | - Clemens Krepler
- Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Katrin Sproesser
- Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Meenhard Herlyn
- Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Drew J Adams
- Department of Genetics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Jason W Locasale
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Karen Cichowski
- Genetics Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Ludwig Center at Harvard, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sayan Mukherjee
- Department of Statistical Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA; Departments of Mathematics and Computer Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Kris C Wood
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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24
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Gorelenkova Miller O, Cole KS, Emerson CC, Allimuthu D, Golczak M, Stewart PL, Weerapana E, Adams DJ, Mieyal JJ. Novel chloroacetamido compound CWR-J02 is an anti-inflammatory glutaredoxin-1 inhibitor. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187991. [PMID: 29155853 PMCID: PMC5695812 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutaredoxin (Grx1) is a ubiquitously expressed thiol-disulfide oxidoreductase that specifically catalyzes reduction of S-glutathionylated substrates. Grx1 is known to be a key regulator of pro-inflammatory signaling, and Grx1 silencing inhibits inflammation in inflammatory disease models. Therefore, we anticipate that inhibition of Grx1 could be an anti-inflammatory therapeutic strategy. We used a rapid screening approach to test 504 novel electrophilic compounds for inhibition of Grx1, which has a highly reactive active-site cysteine residue (pKa 3.5). From this chemical library a chloroacetamido compound, CWR-J02, was identified as a potential lead compound to be characterized. CWR-J02 inhibited isolated Grx1 with an IC50 value of 32 μM in the presence of 1 mM glutathione. Mass spectrometric analysis documented preferential adduction of CWR-J02 to the active site Cys-22 of Grx1, and molecular dynamics simulation identified a potential non-covalent binding site. Treatment of the BV2 microglial cell line with CWR-J02 led to inhibition of intracellular Grx1 activity with an IC50 value (37 μM). CWR-J02 treatment decreased lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory gene transcription in the microglial cells in a parallel concentration-dependent manner, documenting the anti-inflammatory potential of CWR-J02. Exploiting the alkyne moiety of CWR-J02, we used click chemistry to link biotin azide to CWR-J02-adducted proteins, isolating them with streptavidin beads. Tandem mass spectrometric analysis identified many CWR-J02-reactive proteins, including Grx1 and several mediators of inflammatory activation. Taken together, these data identify CWR-J02 as an intracellularly effective Grx1 inhibitor that may elicit its anti-inflammatory action in a synergistic manner by also disabling other pro-inflammatory mediators. The CWR-J02 molecule provides a starting point for developing more selective Grx1 inhibitors and anti-inflammatory agents for therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Gorelenkova Miller
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Kyle S. Cole
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Corey C. Emerson
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Dharmaraja Allimuthu
- Department of Genetics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Marcin Golczak
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Cleveland Center for Membrane and Structural Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Phoebe L. Stewart
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Cleveland Center for Membrane and Structural Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Eranthie Weerapana
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Drew J. Adams
- Department of Genetics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - John J. Mieyal
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Cleveland Center for Membrane and Structural Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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25
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Liu JY, Hu J, Zhang Q, Graf D, Cao HB, Radmanesh SMA, Adams DJ, Zhu YL, Cheng GF, Liu X, Phelan WA, Wei J, Jaime M, Balakirev F, Tennant DA, DiTusa JF, Chiorescu I, Spinu L, Mao ZQ. A magnetic topological semimetal Sr 1-yMn 1-zSb 2 (y, z < 0.1). Nat Mater 2017; 16:905-910. [PMID: 28740190 DOI: 10.1038/nmat4953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Weyl (WSMs) evolve from Dirac semimetals in the presence of broken time-reversal symmetry (TRS) or space-inversion symmetry. The WSM phases in TaAs-class materials and photonic crystals are due to the loss of space-inversion symmetry. For TRS-breaking WSMs, despite numerous theoretical and experimental efforts, few examples have been reported. In this Article, we report a new type of magnetic semimetal Sr1-yMn1-zSb2 (y, z < 0.1) with nearly massless relativistic fermion behaviour (m∗ = 0.04 - 0.05m0, where m0 is the free-electron mass). This material exhibits a ferromagnetic order for 304 K < T < 565 K, but a canted antiferromagnetic order with a ferromagnetic component for T < 304 K. The combination of relativistic fermion behaviour and ferromagnetism in Sr1-yMn1-zSb2 offers a rare opportunity to investigate the interplay between relativistic fermions and spontaneous TRS breaking.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Y Liu
- Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70018, USA
| | - J Hu
- Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70018, USA
| | - Q Zhang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - D Graf
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, USA
| | - H B Cao
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - S M A Radmanesh
- Department of Physics and Advanced Materials Research Institute, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana 70148, USA
| | - D J Adams
- Department of Physics and Advanced Materials Research Institute, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana 70148, USA
| | - Y L Zhu
- Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70018, USA
| | - G F Cheng
- Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70018, USA
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - X Liu
- Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70018, USA
| | - W A Phelan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - J Wei
- Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70018, USA
| | - M Jaime
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - F Balakirev
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - D A Tennant
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - J F DiTusa
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - I Chiorescu
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, USA
- Department of Physics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA
| | - L Spinu
- Department of Physics and Advanced Materials Research Institute, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana 70148, USA
| | - Z Q Mao
- Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70018, USA
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26
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Abstract
Resurgent interest in covalent target engagement in drug discovery has demonstrated that small molecules containing weakly reactive electrophiles can be safe and effective therapies. Several recently FDA-approved drugs feature an acrylamide functionality to selectively engage cysteine side chains of kinases (Ibrutinib, Afatinib, and Neratinib). Additional electrophilic functionalities whose reactivity is compatible with highly selective target engagement and in vivo application could open new avenues in covalent small molecule discovery. Here, we report the synthesis and evaluation of a library of small molecules containing the 2-chloropropionamide functionality, which we demonstrate is less reactive than typical acrylamide electrophiles. Although many library members do not appear to label proteins in cells, we identified S-CW3554 as selectively labeling protein disulfide isomerase and inhibiting its enzymatic activity. Subsequent profiling of the library against five diverse cancer cell lines showed unique cytotoxicity for S-CW3554 in cells derived from multiple myeloma, a cancer recently reported to be sensitive to PDI inhibition. Our novel PDI inhibitor highlights the potential of 2-chloropropionamides as weak and stereochemically tunable electrophiles for covalent drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharmaraja Allimuthu
- Department of Genetics and
Genome Sciences and Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Drew J. Adams
- Department of Genetics and
Genome Sciences and Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
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27
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Jones ACL, Moxom J, Rutbeck-Goldman HJ, Osorno KA, Cecchini GG, Fuentes-Garcia M, Greaves RG, Adams DJ, Tom HWK, Mills AP, Leventhal M. Focusing of a Rydberg Positronium Beam with an Ellipsoidal Electrostatic Mirror. Phys Rev Lett 2017; 119:053201. [PMID: 28949762 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.053201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Slow atoms in Rydberg states can exhibit specular reflection from a cylindrical surface upon which an azimuthally periodic potential is imposed. We have constructed a concave mirror of this type, in the shape of a truncated oblate ellipsoid of revolution, which has a focal length of (1.50±0.01) m measured optically. When placed near the center of a long vacuum pipe, this structure brings a beam of n=32 positronium (Ps) atoms to a focus on a position sensitive detector at a distance of (6.03±0.03) m from the Ps source. The intensity at the focus implies an overall reflection efficiency of ∼30%. The focal spot diameter (32±1) mm full width at half maximum is independent of the atoms' flight times from 20 to 60 μs, thus indicating that the mirror is achromatic to a good approximation. Mirrors based on this principle would be of use in a variety of experiments, allowing for improved collection efficiency and tailored transport or imaging of beams of slow Rydberg atoms and molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C L Jones
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - J Moxom
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - H J Rutbeck-Goldman
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - K A Osorno
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - G G Cecchini
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - M Fuentes-Garcia
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - R G Greaves
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - D J Adams
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - H W K Tom
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - A P Mills
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - M Leventhal
- Department of Astronomy University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
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28
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Yard BD, Adams DJ, Chie EK, Tamayo P, Battaglia JS, Gopal P, Rogacki K, Pearson BE, Phillips J, Raymond DP, Pennell NA, Almeida F, Cheah JH, Clemons PA, Shamji A, Peacock CD, Schreiber SL, Hammerman PS, Abazeed ME. A genetic basis for the variation in the vulnerability of cancer to DNA damage. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11428. [PMID: 27109210 PMCID: PMC4848553 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is not currently informed by the genetic composition of an individual patient's tumour. To identify genetic features regulating survival after DNA damage, here we conduct large-scale profiling of cellular survival after exposure to radiation in a diverse collection of 533 genetically annotated human tumour cell lines. We show that sensitivity to radiation is characterized by significant variation across and within lineages. We combine results from our platform with genomic features to identify parameters that predict radiation sensitivity. We identify somatic copy number alterations, gene mutations and the basal expression of individual genes and gene sets that correlate with the radiation survival, revealing new insights into the genetic basis of tumour cellular response to DNA damage. These results demonstrate the diversity of tumour cellular response to ionizing radiation and establish multiple lines of evidence that new genetic features regulating cellular response after DNA damage can be identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian D Yard
- Department of Translational Hematology Oncology Research, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue/R40, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
| | - Drew J Adams
- Department of Genetics, Case Western Reserve University, 2109 Adelbert Road/BRB, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Eui Kyu Chie
- Department of Translational Hematology Oncology Research, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue/R40, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101, Daehak-Ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul 110-774, Korea
| | - Pablo Tamayo
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Jessica S Battaglia
- Department of Translational Hematology Oncology Research, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue/R40, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
| | - Priyanka Gopal
- Department of Translational Hematology Oncology Research, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue/R40, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
| | - Kevin Rogacki
- Department of Translational Hematology Oncology Research, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue/R40, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
| | - Bradley E Pearson
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - James Phillips
- Department of Translational Hematology Oncology Research, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue/R40, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
| | - Daniel P Raymond
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue/J4-1, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
| | - Nathan A Pennell
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue/R40, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
| | - Francisco Almeida
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue/M2-141, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
| | - Jaime H Cheah
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.,Center for the Science of Therapeutics, Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Paul A Clemons
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.,Center for the Science of Therapeutics, Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Alykhan Shamji
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.,Center for the Science of Therapeutics, Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Craig D Peacock
- Department of Translational Hematology Oncology Research, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue/R40, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
| | - Stuart L Schreiber
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.,Center for the Science of Therapeutics, Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.,Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Peter S Hammerman
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Mohamed E Abazeed
- Department of Translational Hematology Oncology Research, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue/R40, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue/T2, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
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29
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Rees MG, Seashore-Ludlow B, Cheah JH, Adams DJ, Price EV, Gill S, Javaid S, Coletti ME, Jones VL, Bodycombe NE, Soule CK, Alexander B, Li A, Montgomery P, Kotz JD, Hon CSY, Munoz B, Liefeld T, Dančík V, Haber DA, Clish CB, Bittker JA, Palmer M, Wagner BK, Clemons PA, Shamji AF, Schreiber SL. Correlating chemical sensitivity and basal gene expression reveals mechanism of action. Nat Chem Biol 2015; 12:109-16. [PMID: 26656090 PMCID: PMC4718762 DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.1986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 491] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Changes in cellular gene expression in response to small-molecule or genetic perturbations have yielded signatures that can connect unknown mechanisms of action (MoA) to ones previously established. We hypothesized that differential basal gene expression could be correlated with patterns of small-molecule sensitivity across many cell lines to illuminate the actions of compounds whose MoA are unknown. To test this idea, we correlated the sensitivity patterns of 481 compounds with ∼19,000 basal transcript levels across 823 different human cancer cell lines and identified selective outlier transcripts. This process yielded many novel mechanistic insights, including the identification of activation mechanisms, cellular transporters and direct protein targets. We found that ML239, originally identified in a phenotypic screen for selective cytotoxicity in breast cancer stem-like cells, most likely acts through activation of fatty acid desaturase 2 (FADS2). These data and analytical tools are available to the research community through the Cancer Therapeutics Response Portal.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brinton Seashore-Ludlow
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Chemical Biology Consortium Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory Stockholm, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden (B.S.L); Koch Institute for Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Emeryville, California, USA; Pfizer, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA; ImmunoGen, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jaime H Cheah
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Chemical Biology Consortium Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory Stockholm, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden (B.S.L); Koch Institute for Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Emeryville, California, USA; Pfizer, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA; ImmunoGen, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Drew J Adams
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Chemical Biology Consortium Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory Stockholm, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden (B.S.L); Koch Institute for Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Emeryville, California, USA; Pfizer, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA; ImmunoGen, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Edmund V Price
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Chemical Biology Consortium Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory Stockholm, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden (B.S.L); Koch Institute for Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Emeryville, California, USA; Pfizer, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA; ImmunoGen, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Sarah Javaid
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | - Nicole E Bodycombe
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Chemical Biology Consortium Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory Stockholm, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden (B.S.L); Koch Institute for Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Emeryville, California, USA; Pfizer, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA; ImmunoGen, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christian K Soule
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Chemical Biology Consortium Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory Stockholm, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden (B.S.L); Koch Institute for Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Emeryville, California, USA; Pfizer, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA; ImmunoGen, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Ava Li
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Ted Liefeld
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Chemical Biology Consortium Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory Stockholm, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden (B.S.L); Koch Institute for Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Emeryville, California, USA; Pfizer, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA; ImmunoGen, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Daniel A Haber
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | - Michelle Palmer
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Chemical Biology Consortium Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory Stockholm, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden (B.S.L); Koch Institute for Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Emeryville, California, USA; Pfizer, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA; ImmunoGen, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA
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30
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31
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Vogel BH, Bradley SE, Adams DJ, D'Aco K, Erbe RW, Fong C, Iglesias A, Kronn D, Levy P, Morrissey M, Orsini J, Parton P, Pellegrino J, Saavedra-Matiz CA, Shur N, Wasserstein M, Raymond GV, Caggana M. Newborn screening for X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy in New York State: diagnostic protocol, surveillance protocol and treatment guidelines. Mol Genet Metab 2015; 114:599-603. [PMID: 25724074 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2015.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Revised: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe a diagnostic protocol, surveillance and treatment guidelines, genetic counseling considerations and long-term follow-up data elements developed in preparation for X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD) newborn screening in New York State. METHODS A group including the director from each regional NYS inherited metabolic disorder center, personnel from the NYS Newborn Screening Program, and others prepared a follow-up plan for X-ALD NBS. Over the months preceding the start of screening, a series of conference calls took place to develop and refine a complete newborn screening system from initial positive screen results to long-term follow-up. RESULTS A diagnostic protocol was developed to determine for each newborn with a positive screen whether the final diagnosis is X-ALD, carrier of X-ALD, Zellweger spectrum disorder, acyl CoA oxidase deficiency or D-bifunctional protein deficiency. For asymptomatic males with X-ALD, surveillance protocols were developed for use at the time of diagnosis, during childhood and during adulthood. Considerations for timing of treatment of adrenal and cerebral disease were developed. CONCLUSION Because New York was the first newborn screening laboratory to include X-ALD on its panel, and symptoms may not develop for years, long-term follow-up is needed to evaluate the presented guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- B H Vogel
- Newborn Screening Program, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA.
| | - S E Bradley
- Newborn Screening Program, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA
| | - D J Adams
- Jacobs Equity Management Personalized Genomic Medicine Program, Goryeb Pediatrics Genetics and Metabolism, Morristown, NJ, USA
| | - K D'Aco
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - R W Erbe
- Division of Genetics, Women and Children's Hospital of Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - C Fong
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - A Iglesias
- New York Presbyterian Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - D Kronn
- New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - P Levy
- Center for Inherited Medical Disorders, Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - M Morrissey
- Newborn Screening Program, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA
| | - J Orsini
- Newborn Screening Program, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA
| | - P Parton
- Division of Genetics, Stony Brook Long Island Children's Hospital, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - J Pellegrino
- Department of Pediatrics, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - C A Saavedra-Matiz
- Newborn Screening Program, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA
| | - N Shur
- Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY, USA
| | - M Wasserstein
- Division of Medical Genetics, Division of Genomic Sciences, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - G V Raymond
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - M Caggana
- Newborn Screening Program, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA
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32
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Berecki G, Daly NL, Huang YH, Vink S, Craik DJ, Alewood PF, Adams DJ. Effects of arginine 10 to lysine substitution on ω-conotoxin CVIE and CVIF block of Cav2.2 channels. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 171:3313-27. [PMID: 24628243 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Revised: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE ω-Conotoxins CVIE and CVIF (CVIE&F) selectively inhibit Cav2.2 channels and are lead molecules in the development of novel analgesics. At physiological membrane potentials, CVIE&F block of Cav2.2 channels is weakly reversible. To improve reversibility, we designed and synthesized arginine CVIE&F analogues in which arginine was substituted for lysine at position 10 ([R10K]CVIE&F), and investigated their serum stability and pharmacological actions on voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs). EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Changes in peptide structure due to R10K substitution were assessed by NMR. Peptide stability in human serum was analysed by reversed-phase HPLC and MS over a 24 h period. Two-electrode voltage-clamp and whole-cell patch clamp techniques were used to study [R10K]CVIE&F effects on VGCC currents in Xenopus oocytes and rat dorsal root ganglion neurons respectively. KEY RESULTS R10K substitution did not change the conserved ω-conotoxin backbone conformations of CVIE&F nor the ω-conotoxin selectivity for recombinant or native Cav2.2 channels, although the inhibitory potency of [R10K]CVIF was better than that of CVIF. At -80 mV, the R10K chemical modification significantly affected ω-conotoxin-channel interaction, resulting in faster onset kinetics than those of CVIE&F. Heterologous and native Cav2.2 channels recovered better from [R10K]CVIE&F block than CVIE&F. In human serum, the ω-conotoxin half-lives were 6-10 h. CVIE&F and [R10K]CVIE&F were more stable than CVID. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS R10K substitution in CVIE&F significantly alters the kinetics of ω-conotoxin action and improves reversibility without diminishing conotoxin potency and specificity for the Cav2.2 channel and without diminishing the serum stability. These results may help generate ω-conotoxins with optimized kinetic profiles for target binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Berecki
- Health Innovations Research Institute, RMIT University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
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Harvey BM, Eschbach M, Glynn EA, Kotha S, Darre M, Adams DJ, Ramanathan R, Mancini R, Govoni KE. Effect of daily lithium chloride administration on bone mass and strength in growing broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2015; 94:296-301. [PMID: 25609690 DOI: 10.3382/ps/peu079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective was to determine the effects of oral lithium chloride supplementation on bone strength and mass in broiler chickens. Ninety-six broilers were assigned to 1 of 2 treatment groups (lithium chloride or control; n=48/treatment). Beginning at 1 or 3 wk of age, chickens were administered lithium chloride (20 mg/kg body weight) or water daily by oral gavage. At 6 wk of age, chickens were euthanized and bone and muscle samples were collected. A 24 h lithium chloride (20 mg/kg body weight) challenge determined that serum lithium chloride increased within 2 h and cleared the system within 24 h, demonstrating the effective delivery of lithium chloride. Treatment did not influence body weight (P≥0.20) or feed intake (P≥0.81), demonstrating that lithium chloride did not negatively affect broiler growth. To determine bone strength, 3-point bending was performed on the femora and tibiae obtained from control and lithium chloride-treated birds in the 1 wk group. Lithium chloride-treated birds had a 22% reduction in stiffness compared with control in the femora (P=0.02) without a corresponding reduction in elastic modulus. No differences were observed in yield or ultimate load and in the corresponding calculations of stresses (P≥0.26). The toughness of tibiae was not altered in lithium chloride compared with control (P=0.11). Bone length and micro-CT imaging were performed on the tibiae of control and lithium chloride groups. No differences (P≥0.52) in bone length, cortical or trabecular bone volume, trabecular thickness, number, or spacing were observed. Lithium chloride treatment did not affect pectoralis muscle color or lipid oxidation (P>0.05). In conclusion, lithium chloride treatment in broilers did not negatively affect growth or meat quality. A reduction in bone stiffness of the femur with lithium chloride treatment was observed, however unlike the mouse model, the dosages of lithium chloride used in the current study did not result in anabolic effects on broiler long bones.
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Affiliation(s)
- B M Harvey
- Department of Animal Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT
| | - M Eschbach
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT
| | - E A Glynn
- Department of Animal Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT
| | - S Kotha
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT
| | - M Darre
- Department of Animal Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT
| | - D J Adams
- Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT
| | - R Ramanathan
- Department of Animal Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT
| | - R Mancini
- Department of Animal Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT
| | - K E Govoni
- Department of Animal Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT
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34
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Adams DJ, Ito D, Rees MG, Seashore-Ludlow B, Puyang X, Ramos AH, Cheah JH, Clemons PA, Warmuth M, Zhu P, Shamji AF, Schreiber SL. NAMPT is the cellular target of STF-31-like small-molecule probes. ACS Chem Biol 2014; 9:2247-54. [PMID: 25058389 PMCID: PMC4201331 DOI: 10.1021/cb500347p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
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The small-molecule probes STF-31
and its analogue compound 146 were discovered while searching for
compounds that kill VHL-deficient renal cell carcinoma cell lines
selectively and have been reported to act via direct inhibition of
the glucose transporter GLUT1. We profiled the sensitivity of 679
cancer cell lines to STF-31 and found that the pattern of response
is tightly correlated with sensitivity to three different inhibitors
of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT). We also performed
whole-exome next-generation sequencing of compound 146-resistant HCT116
clones and identified a recurrent NAMPT-H191R mutation. Ectopic expression
of NAMPT-H191R conferred resistance to both STF-31 and compound 146
in cell lines. We further demonstrated that both STF-31 and compound
146 inhibit the enzymatic activity of NAMPT in a biochemical assay
in vitro. Together, our cancer-cell profiling and genomic approaches
identify NAMPT inhibition as a critical mechanism by which STF-31-like
compounds inhibit cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daisuke Ito
- H3 Biomedicine, Inc., 300 Technology Square, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | | | | | - Xiaoling Puyang
- H3 Biomedicine, Inc., 300 Technology Square, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Alex H. Ramos
- H3 Biomedicine, Inc., 300 Technology Square, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | | | | | - Markus Warmuth
- H3 Biomedicine, Inc., 300 Technology Square, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Ping Zhu
- H3 Biomedicine, Inc., 300 Technology Square, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | | | - Stuart L. Schreiber
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
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35
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Abazeed ME, Adams DJ, Hurov KE, Tamayo P, Creighton CJ, Sonkin D, Giacomelli AO, Du C, Fries DF, Wong KK, Mesirov JP, Loeffler JS, Schreiber SL, Hammerman PS, Meyerson M. Integrative radiogenomic profiling of squamous cell lung cancer. Cancer Res 2013; 73:6289-98. [PMID: 23980093 PMCID: PMC3856255 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-1616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Radiotherapy is one of the mainstays of anticancer treatment, but the relationship between the radiosensitivity of cancer cells and their genomic characteristics is still not well defined. Here, we report the development of a high-throughput platform for measuring radiation survival in vitro and its validation in comparison with conventional clonogenic radiation survival analysis. We combined results from this high-throughput assay with genomic parameters in cell lines from squamous cell lung carcinoma, which is standardly treated by radiotherapy, to identify parameters that predict radiation sensitivity. We showed that activation of NFE2L2, a frequent event in lung squamous cancers, confers radiation resistance. An expression-based, in silico screen nominated inhibitors of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) as NFE2L2 antagonists. We showed that the selective PI3K inhibitor, NVP-BKM120, both decreased NRF2 protein levels and sensitized NFE2L2 or KEAP1-mutant cells to radiation. We then combined results from this high-throughput assay with single-sample gene set enrichment analysis of gene expression data. The resulting analysis identified pathways implicated in cell survival, genotoxic stress, detoxification, and innate and adaptive immunity as key correlates of radiation sensitivity. The integrative and high-throughput methods shown here for large-scale profiling of radiation survival and genomic features of solid-tumor-derived cell lines should facilitate tumor radiogenomics and the discovery of genotype-selective radiation sensitizers and protective agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Drew J. Adams
- Chemical Biology Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | | | - Pablo Tamayo
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | - Chad J. Creighton
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Dmitriy Sonkin
- Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | | | | | - Daniel F. Fries
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
| | - Kwok-Kin Wong
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
- Belfer Institute for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02214
| | | | - Jay S. Loeffler
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Stuart L. Schreiber
- Chemical Biology Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | - Peter S. Hammerman
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
| | - Matthew Meyerson
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
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36
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Abstract
Piperlongumine (PL) is a naturally occurring small molecule previously shown to induce cell death preferentially in cancer cells relative to non-cancer cells. An initial effort to synthesize analogs highlighted the reactivities of both of piperlongumine's α,β-unsaturated imide functionalities as key features determining PL's cellular effects. In this study, a second-generation of analogs was synthesized and evaluated in cells to gain further insight into how the reactivity, number, and orientation of PL's reactive olefins contribute to its ability to alter the physiology of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zarko V Boskovic
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Broad Institute, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA ; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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37
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Adams DJ, Boskovic ZV, Theriault JR, Wang AJ, Stern A, Wagner BK, Shamji A, Schreiber SL. Discovery of small-molecule enhancers of reactive oxygen species that are nontoxic or cause genotype-selective cell death. ACS Chem Biol 2013; 8:923-9. [PMID: 23477340 PMCID: PMC3658551 DOI: 10.1021/cb300653v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2012] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Elevation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels has been observed in many cancer cells relative to nontransformed cells, and recent reports have suggested that small-molecule enhancers of ROS may selectively kill cancer cells in various in vitro and in vivo models. We used a high-throughput screening approach to identify several hundred small-molecule enhancers of ROS in a human osteosarcoma cell line. A minority of these compounds diminished the viability of cancer cell lines, indicating that ROS elevation by small molecules is insufficient to induce death of cancer cell lines. Three chemical probes (BRD5459, BRD56491, BRD9092) are highlighted that most strongly elevate markers of oxidative stress without causing cell death and may be of use in a variety of cellular settings. For example, combining nontoxic ROS-enhancing probes with nontoxic doses of L-buthionine sulfoximine, an inhibitor of glutathione synthesis previously studied in cancer patients, led to potent cell death in more than 20 cases, suggesting that even nontoxic ROS-enhancing treatments may warrant exploration in combination strategies. Additionally, a few ROS-enhancing compounds that contain sites of electrophilicity, including piperlongumine, show selective toxicity for transformed cells over nontransformed cells in an engineered cell-line model of tumorigenesis. These studies suggest that cancer cell lines are more resilient to chemically induced increases in ROS levels than previously thought and highlight electrophilicity as a property that may be more closely associated with cancer-selective cell death than ROS elevation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drew J. Adams
- Chemical
Biology Program, Chemical Biology Platform, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Broad Institute, 7 Cambridge Center,
Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Zarko V. Boskovic
- Chemical
Biology Program, Chemical Biology Platform, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Broad Institute, 7 Cambridge Center,
Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical
Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge,
Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Jimmy R. Theriault
- Chemical
Biology Program, Chemical Biology Platform, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Broad Institute, 7 Cambridge Center,
Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Alex J. Wang
- Chemical
Biology Program, Chemical Biology Platform, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Broad Institute, 7 Cambridge Center,
Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Andrew
M. Stern
- Chemical
Biology Program, Chemical Biology Platform, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Broad Institute, 7 Cambridge Center,
Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Bridget K. Wagner
- Chemical
Biology Program, Chemical Biology Platform, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Broad Institute, 7 Cambridge Center,
Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Alykhan
F. Shamji
- Chemical
Biology Program, Chemical Biology Platform, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Broad Institute, 7 Cambridge Center,
Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Stuart L. Schreiber
- Chemical
Biology Program, Chemical Biology Platform, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Broad Institute, 7 Cambridge Center,
Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical
Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge,
Massachusetts 02138, United States
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38
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Matic I, Matthews BG, Kizivat T, Igwe JC, Marijanovic I, Ruohonen ST, Savontaus E, Adams DJ, Kalajzic I. Bone-specific overexpression of NPY modulates osteogenesis. KLIN NEUROPHYSIOL 2013. [PMID: 23196263 DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1305278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a peptide involved in the regulation of appetite and energy homeostasis. Genetic data indicates that NPY decreases bone formation via central and peripheral activities. NPY is produced by various cell types including osteocytes and osteoblasts and there is evidence suggesting that peripheral NPY is important for regulation of bone formation. We sought to investigate the role of bone-derived NPY in bone metabolism. METHODS We generated a mouse where NPY was over-expressed specifically in mature osteoblasts and osteocytes (Col2.3NPY) and characterized the bone phenotype of these mice in vivo and in vitro. RESULTS Trabecular and cortical bone volume was reduced in 3-month-old animals, however bone formation rate and osteoclast activity were not significantly changed. Calvarial osteoblast cultures from Col2.3NPY mice also showed reduced mineralization and expression of osteogenic marker genes. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that osteoblast/osteocyte-derived NPY is capable of altering osteogenesis in vivo and in vitro and may represent an important source of NPY for regulation of bone formation. However, it is possible that other peripheral sources of NPY such as the sympathetic nervous system and vasculature also contribute to peripheral regulation of bone turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Matic
- Department of Reconstructive Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
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Knapp O, Nevin ST, Yasuda T, Lawrence N, Lewis RJ, Adams DJ. Biophysical properties of Na(v) 1.8/Na(v) 1.2 chimeras and inhibition by µO-conotoxin MrVIB. Br J Pharmacol 2012; 166:2148-60. [PMID: 22452751 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2012.01955.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Voltage-gated sodium channels are expressed primarily in excitable cells and play a pivotal role in the initiation and propagation of action potentials. Nine subtypes of the pore-forming α-subunit have been identified, each with a distinct tissue distribution, biophysical properties and sensitivity to tetrodotoxin (TTX). Na(v) 1.8, a TTX-resistant (TTX-R) subtype, is selectively expressed in sensory neurons and plays a pathophysiological role in neuropathic pain. In comparison with TTX-sensitive (TTX-S) Na(v) α-subtypes in neurons, Na(v) 1.8 is most strongly inhibited by the µO-conotoxin MrVIB from Conus marmoreus. To determine which domain confers Na(v) 1.8 α-subunit its biophysical properties and MrVIB binding, we constructed various chimeric channels incorporating sequence from Na(v) 1.8 and the TTX-S Na(v) 1.2 using a domain exchange strategy. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Wild-type and chimeric Na(v) channels were expressed in Xenopus oocytes, and depolarization-activated Na⁺ currents were recorded using the two-electrode voltage clamp technique. KEY RESULTS MrVIB (1 µM) reduced Na(v) 1.2 current amplitude to 69 ± 12%, whereas Na(v) 1.8 current was reduced to 31 ± 3%, confirming that MrVIB has a binding preference for Na(v) 1.8. A similar reduction in Na⁺ current amplitude was observed when MrVIB was applied to chimeras containing the region extending from S6 segment of domain I through the S5-S6 linker of domain II of Na(v) 1.8. In contrast, MrVIB had only a small effect on Na⁺ current for chimeras containing the corresponding region of Na(v) 1.2. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Taken together, these results suggest that domain II of Na(v) 1.8 is an important determinant of MrVIB affinity, highlighting a region of the α-subunit that may allow further nociceptor-specific ligand targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Knapp
- Health Innovations Research Institute, RMIT University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
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40
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Adams DJ, Dai M, Pellegrino G, Wagner BK, Stern AM, Shamji AF, Schreiber SL. Synthesis, cellular evaluation, and mechanism of action of piperlongumine analogs. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 109:15115-20. [PMID: 22949699 PMCID: PMC3458345 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1212802109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Piperlongumine is a naturally occurring small molecule recently identified to be toxic selectively to cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. This compound was found to elevate cellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) selectively in cancer cell lines. The synthesis of 80 piperlongumine analogs has revealed structural modifications that retain, enhance, and ablate key piperlongumine-associated effects on cells, including elevation of ROS, cancer cell death, and selectivity for cancer cells over nontransformed cell types. Structure/activity relationships suggest that the electrophilicity of the C2-C3 olefin is critical for the observed effects on cells. Furthermore, we show that analogs lacking a reactive C7-C8 olefin can elevate ROS to levels observed with piperlongumine but show markedly reduced cell death, suggesting that ROS-independent mechanisms, including cellular cross-linking events, may also contribute to piperlongumine's induction of apoptosis. In particular, we have identified irreversible protein glutathionylation as a process associated with cellular toxicity. We propose a mechanism of action for piperlongumine that may be relevant to other small molecules having two sites of reactivity, one with greater and the other with lesser electrophilicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drew J. Adams
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142; and
| | - Mingji Dai
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | | | - Bridget K. Wagner
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | - Andrew M. Stern
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | - Alykhan F. Shamji
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | - Stuart L. Schreiber
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142; and
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
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Andersen-Nissen E, Zak DE, Hensley TR, Adams DJ, Hu X, Sato A, Elizaga M, Goepfert PA, Robinson HL, Aderem A, McElrath MJ. Vaccination with MVA/HIV induces differential recruitment of monocyte subsets into the circulation and monocyte-specific transcriptional programs. Retrovirology 2012. [PMCID: PMC3441945 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-9-s2-o18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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42
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Yuan Y, Wang Q, Paulk J, Kubicek S, Kemp MM, Adams DJ, Shamji AF, Wagner BK, Schreiber SL. A small-molecule probe of the histone methyltransferase G9a induces cellular senescence in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. ACS Chem Biol 2012; 7:1152-7. [PMID: 22536950 PMCID: PMC3401036 DOI: 10.1021/cb300139y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Post-translational modifications of histones alter chromatin
structure
and play key roles in gene expression and specification of cell states.
Small molecules that target chromatin-modifying enzymes selectively
are useful as probes and have promise as therapeutics, although very
few are currently available. G9a (also named euchromatin histone methyltransferase
2 (EHMT2)) catalyzes methylation of lysine 9 on histone H3 (H3K9),
a modification linked to aberrant silencing of tumor-suppressor genes,
among others. Here, we report the discovery of a novel histone methyltransferase
inhibitor, BRD4770. This compound reduced cellular levels of di- and
trimethylated H3K9 without inducing apoptosis, induced senescence,
and inhibited both anchorage-dependent and -independent proliferation
in the pancreatic cancer cell line PANC-1. ATM-pathway activation,
caused by either genetic or small-molecule inhibition of G9a, may
mediate BRD4770-induced cell senescence. BRD4770 may be a useful tool
to study G9a and its role in senescence and cancer cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yuan
- Department
of Chemistry and
Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge,
Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | | | - Joshiawa Paulk
- Chemical Biology Training Program, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United
States
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Stuart L. Schreiber
- Department
of Chemistry and
Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge,
Massachusetts 02138, United States
- Chemical Biology Training Program, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United
States
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Alperin N, Ranganathan S, Bagci AM, Adams DJ, Ertl-Wagner B, Saraf-Lavi E, Sklar EM, Lam BL. MRI evidence of impaired CSF homeostasis in obesity-associated idiopathic intracranial hypertension. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2012; 34:29-34. [PMID: 22766676 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a3171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Impaired CSF homeostasis and altered venous hemodynamics are proposed mechanisms for elevated pressure in IIH. However, the lack of ventricular expansion steered the focus away from CSF homeostasis in IIH. This study aims to measure intracranial CSF volumes and cerebral venous drainage with MR imaging to determine whether increased CSF volume from impaired CSF homeostasis and venous hemodynamics occur in obesity-related IIH. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two homogeneous cohorts of 11 newly diagnosed pretreatment overweight women with IIH and 11 overweight healthy women were prospectively studied. 3D volumetric MR imaging of the brain was used to quantify CSF and brain tissue volumes, and dynamic phase contrast was used to measure relative cerebral drainage through the internal jugular veins. RESULTS Findings confirm normal ventricular volume in IIH. However, extraventricular CSF volume is significantly increased in IIH (290 ± 52 versus 220 ± 24 mL, P = .001). This is even more significant after normalization with intracranial volume (P = .0007). GM interstitial fluid volume is also increased in IIH (602 ± 57 versus 557 ± 31 mL, P = .037). Total arterial inflow is normal, but relative venous drainage through the IJV is significantly reduced in IIH (65 ± 7% versus 81 ± 10%, P = .001). CONCLUSIONS Increased intracranial CSF volume that accumulates in the extraventricular subarachnoid space provides direct evidence for impaired CSF homeostasis in obesity-associated IIH. The finding of larger GM interstitial fluid volume is consistent with increased overall resistance to cerebral venous drainage, as evident from reduced relative cerebral drainage through the IJV. The present study confirms that both impaired CSF homeostasis and venous hemodynamics coexist in obesity-associated IIH.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Alperin
- Department of Radiology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33136, USA.
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Evans DA, Adams DJ, Kwan EE. Progress toward the Syntheses of (+)-GB 13, (+)-Himgaline, and Himandridine. New Insights into Intramolecular Imine/Enamine Aldol Cyclizations. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:8162-70. [DOI: 10.1021/ja3001776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- David A. Evans
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Drew J. Adams
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Eugene E. Kwan
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
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Napier IA, Klimis H, Rycroft BK, Jin AH, Alewood PF, Motin L, Adams DJ, Christie MJ. Intrathecal α-conotoxins Vc1.1, AuIB and MII acting on distinct nicotinic receptor subtypes reverse signs of neuropathic pain. Neuropharmacology 2012; 62:2202-7. [PMID: 22306793 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2012.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2011] [Revised: 12/21/2011] [Accepted: 01/19/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
The large diversity of peptides from venomous creatures with high affinity for molecules involved in the development and maintenance of neuropathic pain has led to a surge in venom-derived analgesic research. Some members of the α-conotoxin family from Conus snails which specifically target subtypes of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) have been shown to be effective at reducing mechanical allodynia in neuropathic pain models. We sought to determine if three such peptides, Vc1.1, AuIB and MII were effective following intrathecal administration in a rat neuropathic pain model because they exhibit different affinities for the major putative pain relieving targets of α-conotoxins. Intrathecal administration of α-conotoxins, Vc1.1, AuIB and MII into neuropathic rats reduced mechanical allodynia for up to 6 h without significant side effects. In vitro patch-clamp electrophysiology of primary afferent synaptic transmission revealed the mode of action of these toxins was not via a GABA(B)-dependent mechanism, and is more likely related to their action at nAChRs containing combinations of α3, α7 or other subunits. Intrathecal nAChR subunit-selective conotoxins are therefore promising tools for the effective treatment of neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- I A Napier
- Discipline of Pharmacology, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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Hainfeld JF, O'Connor MJ, Dilmanian FA, Slatkin DN, Adams DJ, Smilowitz HM. Micro-CT enables microlocalisation and quantification of Her2-targeted gold nanoparticles within tumour regions. Br J Radiol 2010; 84:526-33. [PMID: 21081567 DOI: 10.1259/bjr/42612922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Gold nanoparticles are of interest as potential in vivo diagnostic and therapeutic agents, as X-ray contrast agents, drug delivery vehicles and radiation enhancers. The aim of this study was to quantitatively determine their targeting and microlocalisation in mouse tumour models after intravenous injection by using micro-CT. METHODS Gold nanoparticles (15 nm) were coated with polyethylene glycol and covalently coupled to anti-Her2 antibodies (Herceptin). In vitro, conjugates incubated with Her2+ (BT-474) and Her2- (MCF7) human breast cancer cells showed specific targeted binding with a Her2+ to Her2- gold ratio of 39.4±2.7:1. Nude mice, simultaneously bearing subcutaneous Her2+ and Her2- human breast tumours in opposite thighs were prepared. Gold nanoparticles alone, conjugated to Herceptin or to a non-specific antibody were compared. After intravenous injection of the gold nanoparticles, gold concentrations were determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Microlocalisation of gold was carried out by calibrated micro-CT, giving both the radiodensities and gold concentrations in tumour and non-tumour tissue. RESULTS All gold nanoparticle constructs showed accumulation, predominantly at tumour peripheries. However, the Herceptin-gold nanoparticles showed the best specific uptake in their periphery (15.8±1.7% injected dose per gram), 1.6-fold higher than Her2- tumours and 22-fold higher than surrounding muscle. Imaging readily enabled detection of small, 1.5 mm-thick tumours. CONCLUSION In this pre-clinical study, antibody-targeted 15 nm gold nanoparticles showed preferential uptake in cognate tumours, but even untargeted gold nanoparticles enhanced the visibility of tumour peripheries and enabled detection of millimetre-sized tumours. Micro-CT enabled quantification within various regions of a tumour.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Hainfeld
- Nanoprobes, Inc., 95 Horseblock Road, Yaphank, NY 11980, USA.
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Ramakrishna B, Kar S, Robinson APL, Adams DJ, Markey K, Quinn MN, Yuan XH, McKenna P, Lancaster KL, Green JS, Scott RHH, Norreys PA, Schreiber J, Zepf M. Laser-driven fast electron collimation in targets with resistivity boundary. Phys Rev Lett 2010; 105:135001. [PMID: 21230778 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.105.135001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2009] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate experimentally that the relativistic electron flow in a dense plasma can be efficiently confined and guided in targets exhibiting a high-resistivity-core-low-resistivity-cladding structure analogous to optical waveguides. The relativistic electron beam is shown to be confined to an area of the order of the core diameter (50 μm), which has the potential to substantially enhance the coupling efficiency of electrons to the compressed fusion fuel in the Fast Ignitor fusion in full-scale fusion experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Ramakrishna
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, UK
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Idziaszczyk S, Wilson CH, Smith CG, Adams DJ, Cheadle JP. Analysis of the frequency of GNAS codon 201 mutations in advanced colorectal cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 202:67-9. [PMID: 20804925 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2010.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2010] [Revised: 04/19/2010] [Accepted: 04/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Parnell AJ, Tzokova N, Topham PD, Adams DJ, Adams S, Fernyhough CM, Ryan AJ, Jones RAL. The efficiency of encapsulation within surface rehydrated polymersomes. Faraday Discuss 2010; 143:29-46; discussion 81-93. [PMID: 20334093 DOI: 10.1039/b902574j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The key to the use of polymersomes as effective molecular delivery systems is in the ability to design processing routes that can efficiently encapsulate the molecular payload. We have evaluated various surface rehydration mechanisms for encapsulation, in each case characterizing the morphologies formed using DLS and confocal microscopy as well as determining the encapsulation efficiency for the hydrophilic dye Rhodamine B. In contrast to bulk methods, where the encapsulation efficiencies are low, we find that higher efficiencies can be obtained by the rehydration of thin films. We relate these results to the non-equilibrium mechanisms that underlie vesicle formation and discuss how an understanding of these mechanisms can help optimize encapsulation efficiencies. Our conclusion is that, even considering the good encapsulation efficiency, surface methods are still unsuitable for the massive scale-up needed when applied to commercial "mass market" molecular delivery scenarios. However, targeting more specialized applications for high value ingredients (like pharmaceuticals) might be more feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Parnell
- Department of Physics and Astrononmy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK S3 7RH.
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50
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Marriott RJ, Jarvis NDC, Adams DJ, Gallash AE, Norriss J, Newman SJ. Maturation and sexual ontogeny in the spangled emperor Lethrinus nebulosus. J Fish Biol 2010; 76:1396-1414. [PMID: 20537021 DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2010.02571.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The reproductive development and sexual ontogeny of spangled emperor Lethrinus nebulosus populations in the Ningaloo Marine Park (NMP) were investigated to obtain an improved understanding of its evolved reproductive strategy and data for fisheries management. Evidence derived from (1) analyses of histological data and sampled sex ratios with size and age, (2) the identification of residual previtellogenic oocytes in immature and mature testes sampled during the spawning season and (3) observed changes in testis internal structure with increasing fish size and age, demonstrated a non-functional protogynous hermaphroditic strategy (or functional gonochorism). All the smallest and youngest fish sampled were female until they either changed sex to male at a mean 277.5 mm total length (L(T)) and 2.3 years old or remained female and matured at a larger mean L(T) (392.1 mm) and older age (3.5 years). Gonad masses were similar for males and females over the size range sampled and throughout long reproductive lives (up to a maximum estimated age of c. 31 years), which was another correlate of functional gonochorism. That the mean L(T) at sex change and female maturity were below the current minimum legal size (MLS) limit (410 mm) demonstrated that the current MLS limit is effective for preventing recreational fishers in the NMP retaining at least half of the juvenile males and females in their landed catches.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Marriott
- Western Australian Fisheries and Marine Research Laboratories, Department of Fisheries, Government of Western Australia, P.O. Box 20, North Beach, Western Australia 6920, Australia.
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