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Prokhorovich M, Rechitsky S, Pakhalchuk T, Ramon GS, Gershman R, Bond E, Kuliev A. 40. SIMULTANEOUS PREIMPLANTATION GENETIC TESTING (PGT) FOR 5 DIFFERENT GENETIC CONDITIONS. Reprod Biomed Online 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2019.04.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Döppner T, Callahan DA, Hurricane OA, Hinkel DE, Ma T, Park HS, Berzak Hopkins LF, Casey DT, Celliers P, Dewald EL, Dittrich TR, Haan SW, Kritcher AL, MacPhee A, Le Pape S, Pak A, Patel PK, Springer PT, Salmonson JD, Tommasini R, Benedetti LR, Bond E, Bradley DK, Caggiano J, Church J, Dixit S, Edgell D, Edwards MJ, Fittinghoff DN, Frenje J, Gatu Johnson M, Grim G, Hatarik R, Havre M, Herrmann H, Izumi N, Khan SF, Kline JL, Knauer J, Kyrala GA, Landen OL, Merrill FE, Moody J, Moore AS, Nikroo A, Ralph JE, Remington BA, Robey HF, Sayre D, Schneider M, Streckert H, Town R, Turnbull D, Volegov PL, Wan A, Widmann K, Wilde CH, Yeamans C. Demonstration of High Performance in Layered Deuterium-Tritium Capsule Implosions in Uranium Hohlraums at the National Ignition Facility. Phys Rev Lett 2015; 115:055001. [PMID: 26274424 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.115.055001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We report on the first layered deuterium-tritium (DT) capsule implosions indirectly driven by a "high-foot" laser pulse that were fielded in depleted uranium hohlraums at the National Ignition Facility. Recently, high-foot implosions have demonstrated improved resistance to ablation-front Rayleigh-Taylor instability induced mixing of ablator material into the DT hot spot [Hurricane et al., Nature (London) 506, 343 (2014)]. Uranium hohlraums provide a higher albedo and thus an increased drive equivalent to an additional 25 TW laser power at the peak of the drive compared to standard gold hohlraums leading to higher implosion velocity. Additionally, we observe an improved hot-spot shape closer to round which indicates enhanced drive from the waist. In contrast to findings in the National Ignition Campaign, now all of our highest performing experiments have been done in uranium hohlraums and achieved total yields approaching 10^{16} neutrons where more than 50% of the yield was due to additional heating of alpha particles stopping in the DT fuel.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Döppner
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - D A Callahan
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - O A Hurricane
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - D E Hinkel
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - T Ma
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - H-S Park
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - L F Berzak Hopkins
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - D T Casey
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - P Celliers
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - E L Dewald
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - T R Dittrich
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - S W Haan
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - A L Kritcher
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - A MacPhee
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - S Le Pape
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - A Pak
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - P K Patel
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - P T Springer
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - J D Salmonson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - R Tommasini
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - L R Benedetti
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - E Bond
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - D K Bradley
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - J Caggiano
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - J Church
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - S Dixit
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - D Edgell
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - M J Edwards
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - D N Fittinghoff
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - J Frenje
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M Gatu Johnson
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - G Grim
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - R Hatarik
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - M Havre
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | - H Herrmann
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - N Izumi
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - S F Khan
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - J L Kline
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - J Knauer
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - G A Kyrala
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - O L Landen
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - F E Merrill
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - J Moody
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - A S Moore
- Atomic Weapons Establishment, Aldermaston RG7, United Kingdom
| | - A Nikroo
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | - J E Ralph
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - B A Remington
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - H F Robey
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - D Sayre
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - M Schneider
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - H Streckert
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | - R Town
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - D Turnbull
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - P L Volegov
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - A Wan
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - K Widmann
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - C H Wilde
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - C Yeamans
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551, USA
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Berzak Hopkins LF, Meezan NB, Le Pape S, Divol L, Mackinnon AJ, Ho DD, Hohenberger M, Jones OS, Kyrala G, Milovich JL, Pak A, Ralph JE, Ross JS, Benedetti LR, Biener J, Bionta R, Bond E, Bradley D, Caggiano J, Callahan D, Cerjan C, Church J, Clark D, Döppner T, Dylla-Spears R, Eckart M, Edgell D, Field J, Fittinghoff DN, Gatu Johnson M, Grim G, Guler N, Haan S, Hamza A, Hartouni EP, Hatarik R, Herrmann HW, Hinkel D, Hoover D, Huang H, Izumi N, Khan S, Kozioziemski B, Kroll J, Ma T, MacPhee A, McNaney J, Merrill F, Moody J, Nikroo A, Patel P, Robey HF, Rygg JR, Sater J, Sayre D, Schneider M, Sepke S, Stadermann M, Stoeffl W, Thomas C, Town RPJ, Volegov PL, Wild C, Wilde C, Woerner E, Yeamans C, Yoxall B, Kilkenny J, Landen OL, Hsing W, Edwards MJ. First high-convergence cryogenic implosion in a near-vacuum hohlraum. Phys Rev Lett 2015; 114:175001. [PMID: 25978240 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.114.175001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Recent experiments on the National Ignition Facility [M. J. Edwards et al., Phys. Plasmas 20, 070501 (2013)] demonstrate that utilizing a near-vacuum hohlraum (low pressure gas-filled) is a viable option for high convergence cryogenic deuterium-tritium (DT) layered capsule implosions. This is made possible by using a dense ablator (high-density carbon), which shortens the drive duration needed to achieve high convergence: a measured 40% higher hohlraum efficiency than typical gas-filled hohlraums, which requires less laser energy going into the hohlraum, and an observed better symmetry control than anticipated by standard hydrodynamics simulations. The first series of near-vacuum hohlraum experiments culminated in a 6.8 ns, 1.2 MJ laser pulse driving a 2-shock, high adiabat (α∼3.5) cryogenic DT layered high density carbon capsule. This resulted in one of the best performances so far on the NIF relative to laser energy, with a measured primary neutron yield of 1.8×10(15) neutrons, with 20% calculated alpha heating at convergence ∼27×.
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Affiliation(s)
- L F Berzak Hopkins
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - N B Meezan
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - S Le Pape
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - L Divol
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - A J Mackinnon
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - D D Ho
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - M Hohenberger
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - O S Jones
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - G Kyrala
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - J L Milovich
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - A Pak
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - J E Ralph
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - J S Ross
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - L R Benedetti
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - J Biener
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - R Bionta
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - E Bond
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - D Bradley
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - J Caggiano
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - D Callahan
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - C Cerjan
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - J Church
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - D Clark
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - T Döppner
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - R Dylla-Spears
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - M Eckart
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - D Edgell
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - J Field
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - D N Fittinghoff
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - M Gatu Johnson
- Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - G Grim
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - N Guler
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - S Haan
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - A Hamza
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - E P Hartouni
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - R Hatarik
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - H W Herrmann
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - D Hinkel
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - D Hoover
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 93286, USA
| | - H Huang
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 93286, USA
| | - N Izumi
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - S Khan
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - B Kozioziemski
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - J Kroll
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - T Ma
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - A MacPhee
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - J McNaney
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - F Merrill
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - J Moody
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - A Nikroo
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 93286, USA
| | - P Patel
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - H F Robey
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - J R Rygg
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - J Sater
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - D Sayre
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - M Schneider
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - S Sepke
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - M Stadermann
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - W Stoeffl
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - C Thomas
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - R P J Town
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - P L Volegov
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - C Wild
- Diamond Materials GMBH, Freiburg, Germany
| | - C Wilde
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - E Woerner
- Diamond Materials GMBH, Freiburg, Germany
| | - C Yeamans
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - B Yoxall
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - J Kilkenny
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 93286, USA
| | - O L Landen
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - W Hsing
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - M J Edwards
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
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Ma T, Hurricane OA, Callahan DA, Barrios MA, Casey DT, Dewald EL, Dittrich TR, Döppner T, Haan SW, Hinkel DE, Berzak Hopkins LF, Le Pape S, MacPhee AG, Pak A, Park HS, Patel PK, Remington BA, Robey HF, Salmonson JD, Springer PT, Tommasini R, Benedetti LR, Bionta R, Bond E, Bradley DK, Caggiano J, Celliers P, Cerjan CJ, Church JA, Dixit S, Dylla-Spears R, Edgell D, Edwards MJ, Field J, Fittinghoff DN, Frenje JA, Gatu Johnson M, Grim G, Guler N, Hatarik R, Herrmann HW, Hsing WW, Izumi N, Jones OS, Khan SF, Kilkenny JD, Knauer J, Kohut T, Kozioziemski B, Kritcher A, Kyrala G, Landen OL, MacGowan BJ, Mackinnon AJ, Meezan NB, Merrill FE, Moody JD, Nagel SR, Nikroo A, Parham T, Ralph JE, Rosen MD, Rygg JR, Sater J, Sayre D, Schneider MB, Shaughnessy D, Spears BK, Town RPJ, Volegov PL, Wan A, Widmann K, Wilde CH, Yeamans C. Thin shell, high velocity inertial confinement fusion implosions on the national ignition facility. Phys Rev Lett 2015; 114:145004. [PMID: 25910132 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.114.145004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Experiments have recently been conducted at the National Ignition Facility utilizing inertial confinement fusion capsule ablators that are 175 and 165 μm in thickness, 10% and 15% thinner, respectively, than the nominal thickness capsule used throughout the high foot and most of the National Ignition Campaign. These three-shock, high-adiabat, high-foot implosions have demonstrated good performance, with higher velocity and better symmetry control at lower laser powers and energies than their nominal thickness ablator counterparts. Little to no hydrodynamic mix into the DT hot spot has been observed despite the higher velocities and reduced depth for possible instability feedthrough. Early results have shown good repeatability, with up to 1/2 the neutron yield coming from α-particle self-heating.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Ma
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - O A Hurricane
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - D A Callahan
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - M A Barrios
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - D T Casey
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - E L Dewald
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - T R Dittrich
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - T Döppner
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - S W Haan
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - D E Hinkel
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - L F Berzak Hopkins
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - S Le Pape
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - A G MacPhee
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - A Pak
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - H-S Park
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - P K Patel
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - B A Remington
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - H F Robey
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - J D Salmonson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - P T Springer
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - R Tommasini
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - L R Benedetti
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - R Bionta
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - E Bond
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - D K Bradley
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - J Caggiano
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - P Celliers
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - C J Cerjan
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - J A Church
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - S Dixit
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - R Dylla-Spears
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - D Edgell
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - M J Edwards
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - J Field
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - D N Fittinghoff
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - J A Frenje
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M Gatu Johnson
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - G Grim
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - N Guler
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - R Hatarik
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - H W Herrmann
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - W W Hsing
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - N Izumi
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - O S Jones
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - S F Khan
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - J D Kilkenny
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Knauer
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - T Kohut
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - B Kozioziemski
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - A Kritcher
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - G Kyrala
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - O L Landen
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - B J MacGowan
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - A J Mackinnon
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - N B Meezan
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - F E Merrill
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - J D Moody
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - S R Nagel
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - A Nikroo
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - T Parham
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - J E Ralph
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - M D Rosen
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - J R Rygg
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - J Sater
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - D Sayre
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - M B Schneider
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - D Shaughnessy
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - B K Spears
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - R P J Town
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - P L Volegov
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - A Wan
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - K Widmann
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - C H Wilde
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - C Yeamans
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
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Smalyuk VA, Atherton LJ, Benedetti LR, Bionta R, Bleuel D, Bond E, Bradley DK, Caggiano J, Callahan DA, Casey DT, Celliers PM, Cerjan CJ, Clark D, Dewald EL, Dixit SN, Döppner T, Edgell DH, Edwards MJ, Frenje J, Gatu-Johnson M, Glebov VY, Glenn S, Glenzer SH, Grim G, Haan SW, Hammel BA, Hartouni EP, Hatarik R, Hatchett S, Hicks DG, Hsing WW, Izumi N, Jones OS, Key MH, Khan SF, Kilkenny JD, Kline JL, Knauer J, Kyrala GA, Landen OL, Le Pape S, Lindl JD, Ma T, MacGowan BJ, Mackinnon AJ, MacPhee AG, McNaney J, Meezan NB, Moody JD, Moore A, Moran M, Moses EI, Pak A, Parham T, Park HS, Patel PK, Petrasso R, Ralph JE, Regan SP, Remington BA, Robey HF, Ross JS, Spears BK, Springer PT, Suter LJ, Tommasini R, Town RP, Weber SV, Widmann K. Performance of high-convergence, layered DT implosions with extended-duration pulses at the National Ignition Facility. Phys Rev Lett 2013; 111:215001. [PMID: 24313493 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.215001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Radiation-driven, low-adiabat, cryogenic DT layered plastic capsule implosions were carried out on the National Ignition Facility (NIF) to study the sensitivity of performance to peak power and drive duration. An implosion with extended drive and at reduced peak power of 350 TW achieved the highest compression with fuel areal density of ~1.3±0.1 g/cm2, representing a significant step from previously measured ~1.0 g/cm2 toward a goal of 1.5 g/cm2. Future experiments will focus on understanding and mitigating hydrodynamic instabilities and mix, and improving symmetry required to reach the threshold for thermonuclear ignition on NIF.
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Affiliation(s)
- V A Smalyuk
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
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6
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Kline J, Meezan N, Callahan D, Glenzer S, Kyrala G, Dixit S, Town R, Benedetti R, Bradley D, Bond E, Nicola PD, Dewald E, Doeppner T, Glenn S, Haynam C, Heeter R, Hinkel D, Izumi N, Jancaitis K, Jones O, Kalantar D, Kilkenny J, LaFortune K, Landen O, Ma T, MacKinnon A, Michel P, Moody J, Moran M, Parham T, Prasad R, Radousky H, Ralph J, Schneider M, Simanovskaia N, Thomas C, Weber S, Widmann K, Widmayer C, Williams E, Wontergheman BV, Edwards M, Suter L, Atherton L, MacGowan B. Symmetry tuning with megajoule laser pulses at the National Ignition Facility. EPJ Web of Conferences 2013. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20135902007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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7
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Michel P, Divol L, Town RPJ, Rosen MD, Callahan DA, Meezan NB, Schneider MB, Kyrala GA, Moody JD, Dewald EL, Widmann K, Bond E, Kline JL, Thomas CA, Dixit S, Williams EA, Hinkel DE, Berger RL, Landen OL, Edwards MJ, MacGowan BJ, Lindl JD, Haynam C, Suter LJ, Glenzer SH, Moses E. Three-wavelength scheme to optimize hohlraum coupling on the National Ignition Facility. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2011; 83:046409. [PMID: 21599318 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.83.046409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2010] [Revised: 01/04/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
By using three tunable wavelengths on different cones of laser beams on the National Ignition Facility, numerical simulations show that the energy transfer between beams can be tuned to redistribute the energy within the cones of beams most prone to backscatter instabilities. These radiative hydrodynamics and laser-plasma interaction simulations have been tested against large-scale hohlraum experiments with two tunable wavelengths and reproduce the hohlraum energetics and symmetry. Using a third wavelength provides a greater level of control of the laser energy distribution and coupling in the hohlraum, and could significantly reduce stimulated Raman scattering losses and increase the hohlraum radiation drive while maintaining a good implosion symmetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Michel
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551, USA
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8
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Moody JD, Datte P, Krauter K, Bond E, Michel PA, Glenzer SH, Divol L, Niemann C, Suter L, Meezan N, MacGowan BJ, Hibbard R, London R, Kilkenny J, Wallace R, Kline JL, Knittel K, Frieders G, Golick B, Ross G, Widmann K, Jackson J, Vernon S, Clancy T. Backscatter measurements for NIF ignition targets (invited). Rev Sci Instrum 2010; 81:10D921. [PMID: 21033953 DOI: 10.1063/1.3491035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Backscattered light via laser-plasma instabilities has been measured in early NIF hohlraum experiments on two beam quads using a suite of detectors. A full aperture backscatter system and near backscatter imager (NBI) instrument separately measure the stimulated Brillouin and stimulated Raman scattered light. Both instruments work in conjunction to determine the total backscattered power to an accuracy of ∼15%. In order to achieve the power accuracy we have added time-resolution to the NBI for the first time. This capability provides a temporally resolved spatial image of the backscatter which can be viewed as a movie.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Moody
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94550, USA.
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9
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Dewald EL, Thomas C, Hunter S, Divol L, Meezan N, Glenzer SH, Suter LJ, Bond E, Kline JL, Celeste J, Bradley D, Bell P, Kauffman RL, Kilkenny J, Landen OL. Hot electron measurements in ignition relevant Hohlraums on the National Ignition Facility. Rev Sci Instrum 2010; 81:10D938. [PMID: 21033965 DOI: 10.1063/1.3478683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
On the National Ignition Facility (NIF), hot electrons generated in laser heated Hohlraums are inferred from the >20 keV bremsstrahlung emission measured with the time integrated FFLEX broadband spectrometer. New high energy (>200 keV) time resolved channels were added to infer the generated >170 keV hot electrons that can cause ignition capsule preheat. First hot electron measurements in near ignition scaled Hohlraums heated by 96-192 NIF laser beams are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- E L Dewald
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, USA.
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10
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Dewald EL, Suter LJ, Thomas C, Hunter S, Meeker D, Meezan N, Glenzer SH, Bond E, Kline J, Dixit S, Kauffman RL, Kilkenny J, Landen OL. First hot electron measurements in near-ignition scale hohlraums on the National Ignition Facility. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/244/2/022074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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11
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FitzPatrick JR, Bond E, Slemmons A, Vieira D. Preparation of americium targets for nuclear chemistry experiments at DANCE. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-008-0542-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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12
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Harris SL, Gil G, Hu W, Robins H, Bond E, Hirshfield K, Feng Z, Yu X, Teresky AK, Bond G, Levine AJ. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the p53 pathway. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol 2005; 70:111-9. [PMID: 16869744 DOI: 10.1101/sqb.2005.70.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
A cell culture assay has been developed that detects and validates single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes that populate the p53 pathway. One hundred thirteen EBV-transformed human B-lymphocyte cell lines obtained from a diverse population were employed to measure the apoptotic response to gamma radiation. Each cell line undergoes a reproducible, characteristic frequency of apoptosis, and the response of the population forms a normal distribution around a median of 35.5% apoptosis with a range from 12% to 58% apoptosis. Polymorphisms in the AKT1 and Perp genes significantly affect the frequency of apoptosis. The assay can detect both racial and sexual dimorphisms in these genes and has the ability to demonstrate epistatic relationships within the p53 pathway. The cell lines used in this assay provide biological materials to explore the molecular basis of the polymorphisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Harris
- The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, 08903, USA
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13
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O'Brien SG, Meinhardt P, Bond E, Beck J, Peng B, Dutreix C, Mehring G, Milosavljev S, Huber C, Capdeville R, Fischer T. Effects of imatinib mesylate (STI571, Glivec) on the pharmacokinetics of simvastatin, a cytochrome p450 3A4 substrate, in patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia. Br J Cancer 2004; 89:1855-9. [PMID: 14612892 PMCID: PMC2394453 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6601152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The inhibition by imatinib of the cytochrome P450 3A4 isoenzyme may reduce the CYP3A4-mediated metabolic clearance of clinically important coadministered drugs. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the coadministration of imatinib on the pharmacokinetics of simvastatin, a probe CYP3A4 substrate. In total, 20 patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia received an oral dose of 40 mg of simvastatin on study day 1. On study days 2–7, each patient received 400 mg of imatinib once daily orally and on study day 8, 400 mg imatinib together with 40 mg of simvastatin was given. Blood levels of simvastatin were measured predose and for 24 h postdose on study days 1 and 8. Two additional blood samples were taken for imatinib pharmacokinetic (PK) assessment on day 8 before, and 24 h after, imatinib administration. Imatinib increased the mean maximum concentration (Cmax) value of simvastatin two-fold and the area under concentration–time curve (AUC (0–inf)) value 3.5-fold (P<0.001) compared with simvastatin alone. There was a statistically significant decrease in total-body clearance of drug from the plasma (CL/F) with a mean reduction of 70% for simvastatin (P<0.001): the mean half-life of simvastatin was prolonged from 1.4–2.7 h when given together with imatinib. No changes in imatinib PK parameters were found when given concomitantly with simvastatin. In conclusion, the coadministration of imatinib at steady state with 40 mg simvastatin increases the exposure (Cmax and AUCs) of simvastatin significantly (P<0.001) by two-three-fold. Caution is therefore required when administering imatinib with CYP3A4 substrates with a narrow therapeutic window. The coadministration of simvastatin with imatinib (400 mg) was well tolerated and no major safety findings were reported in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- S G O'Brien
- Department of Haematology, University of Newcastle Medical School, Royal Victoria Infirmary, New Castle NE1 4LP, UK. s.g.o'
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14
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Chamberland S, Blais J, Hoang M, Dinh C, Cotter D, Bond E, Gannon C, Park C, Malouin F, Dudley MN. In vitro activities of RWJ-54428 (MC-02,479) against multiresistant gram-positive bacteria. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2001; 45:1422-30. [PMID: 11302805 PMCID: PMC90483 DOI: 10.1128/aac.45.5.1422-1430.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
RWJ-54428 (MC-02,479) is a new cephalosporin with a high level of activity against gram-positive bacteria. In a broth microdilution susceptibility test against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), RWJ-54428 was as active as vancomycin, with an MIC at which 90% of isolates are inhibited (MIC(90)) of 2 microg/ml. For coagulase-negative staphylococci, RWJ-54428 was 32 times more active than imipenem, with an MIC(90) of 2 microg/ml. RWJ-54428 was active against S. aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Staphylococcus haemolyticus isolates with reduced susceptibility to glycopeptides (RWJ-54428 MIC range, < or = 0.0625 to 1 microg/ml). RWJ-54428 was eight times more potent than methicillin and cefotaxime against methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MIC(90), 0.5 microg/ml). For ampicillin-susceptible Enterococcus faecalis (including vancomycin-resistant and high-level aminoglycoside-resistant strains), RWJ-54428 had an MIC(90) of 0.125 microg/ml. RWJ-54428 was also active against Enterococcus faecium, including vancomycin-, gentamicin-, and ciprofloxacin-resistant strains. The potency against enterococci correlated with ampicillin susceptibility; RWJ-54428 MICs ranged between < or = 0.0625 and 1 microg/ml for ampicillin-susceptible strains and 0.125 and 8 microg/ml for ampicillin-resistant strains. RWJ-54428 was more active than penicillin G and cefotaxime against penicillin-resistant, -intermediate, and -susceptible strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae (MIC(90)s, 0.25, 0.125, and < or = 0.0625 microg/ml, respectively). RWJ-54428 was only marginally active against most gram-negative bacteria; however, significant activity was observed against Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis (MIC(90)s, 0.25 and 0.5 microg/ml, respectively). This survey of the susceptibilities of more than 1,000 multidrug-resistant gram-positive isolates to RWJ-54428 indicates that this new cephalosporin has the potential to be useful in the treatment of infections due to gram-positive bacteria, including strains resistant to currently available antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Chamberland
- Microcide Pharmaceuticals Inc, Mountain View, California 94043, USA
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15
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Bond E, Jackson D, Turner-Stokes L, Thornton H, Naylor S. A Physiotherapy Assessment Tool for the Hemiplegic Shoulder Preliminary evaluation of agreement. Physiotherapy 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0031-9406(05)60446-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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16
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Bond E, Ross F, Turner-Stokes L, Thornton H, Naylor S. Development of a Physiotherapy Assessment Tool (PAT) for the Hemiplegic Shoulder. Physiotherapy 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0031-9406(05)60449-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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17
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Abstract
Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) is a rare primary immunodeficiency disorder with an estimated overall frequency of 1 in 75 000 live births. Bone marrow transplantation is the only curative treatment available. Using T cell-depleted HLA non-identical bone marrow requires preconditioning with a short course of cytotoxic chemotherapy. We report severe dental developmental anomalies in three such patients under long-term follow up.
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Affiliation(s)
- B O Cole
- Dept of Child Dental Health, Dental Hospital and School, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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18
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Bond E, Peck M, Hede K. Philanthropy with modest means. Science 1999; 286:1680-1. [PMID: 10610563 DOI: 10.1126/science.286.5445.1679d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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19
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Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome and functional bowel disorder are diagnoses used to describe chronic GI symptoms for which no overt pathological condition can be identified. Symptoms are more common in women and are frequently followed in gastroenterology clinics. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the research linking GI symptoms and reproductive cycling and to discuss implications for practice. GIGl symptoms such as stomach pain and nausea are highest during menses compared with other cycle phases; also, stool consistency is loosest at menses. This pattern is present in control subjects. In women with irritable bowel syndrome the same pattern is seen but with higher symptom intensity. Although animal studies have demonstrated that estrogen and progesterone modulate contractile function of some GI segments. In humans, symptoms are highest when these hormones are at the lowest levels. Thus, symptoms in women may be related to decreasing ovarian hormone levels or to other circulating hormones or factors which vary with the menstrual cycle. Additionally, other factors such as stress aggravate symptoms. Therapeutics directed toward increasing patient awareness of cyclic patterns in symptom complaints, for example, via the use of daily symptom diaries may be a useful adjunct to dietary, pharmacological, and other therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Heitkemper
- Department of Physiological Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle 98195, USA
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20
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Stephens D, Moxon E, Adams J, Altizer S, Antonovics J, Aral S, Berkelman R, Bond E, Bull J, Cauthen G, Farley M, Glasgow A, Glasser J, Katner H, Kelley S, Mittler J, Nahmias A, Nichol S, Perrot V, Pinner R, Schrag S, Small P, Thrall P. Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases: A Multidisciplinary Perspective. Am J Med Sci 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9629(15)40280-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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21
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Stephens DS, Moxon ER, Adams J, Altizer S, Antonovics J, Aral S, Berkelman R, Bond E, Bull J, Cauthen G, Farley MM, Glasgow A, Glasser JW, Katner HP, Kelley S, Mittler J, Nahmias AJ, Nichol S, Perrot V, Pinner RW, Schrag S, Small P, Thrall PH. Emerging and reemerging infectious diseases: a multidisciplinary perspective. Am J Med Sci 1998; 315:64-75. [PMID: 9472905 DOI: 10.1097/00000441-199802000-00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Predictions that infectious diseases would be eliminated as a major threat to human health have been shattered by emerging and reemerging infections, among them acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), hemorrhagic fevers, marked increases in infections caused by antimicrobial-resistant bacteria, and the resurgence of tuberculosis and malaria. Understanding the dynamics of emerging and reemerging infections is critical to efforts to reduce the morbidity and mortality of such infections, to establish policy related to preparedness for infectious threats, and for decisions on where to use limited resources in the fight against infections. In order to offer a multidisciplinary perspective, 23 infectious disease specialists, epidemiologists, geneticists, microbiologists, and population biologists participated in an open forum at Emory University on emerging and reemerging infectious diseases. As summarized below, the group addressed questions about the definition, the identification, the factors responsible for, and multidisciplinary approaches to emerging and reemerging infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Stephens
- Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
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22
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23
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Heitkemper M, Jarrett M, Cain K, Shaver J, Bond E, Woods NF, Walker E. Increased urine catecholamines and cortisol in women with irritable bowel syndrome. Am J Gastroenterol 1996; 91:906-13. [PMID: 8633579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES There are few data on the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in individuals with chronic GI symptoms. The current study was designed to describe and compare urine catecholamine (norepinephrine, epinephrine) and cortisol levels in women diagnosed with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-patients), women who report similar symptom levels but had not sought health care services (IBS-nonpatients; IBS-NP), and asymptomatic (control) women. METHODS Seventy-three women (24 IBS; 24 IBS-NP; 25 controls) were interviewed for demographic, GI, gynecological, and psychological data and then followed for two menstrual cycles with a daily health diary. Urine samples were obtained in the evening and morning at specific phases across two menstrual cycles. RESULTS Women in the IBS group had significantly higher PM and AM urine norepinephrine levels. Urine epinephrine and cortisol levels were also generally higher in women with IBS. Differences in neuroendocrine indicators of arousal were not accounted for by differences in demographic variables, lifestyle characteristics, menstrual distress, or average daily measures of anxiety or depression. CONCLUSIONS Increases in indicators of sympathetic nervous system activation in women seeking health care for IBS may reflect greater symptom distress or may contribute to increased symptom distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Heitkemper
- Department of Biobehavioral Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
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24
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Bond E. International collaboration. Nature 1995; 376:458. [PMID: 7637772 DOI: 10.1038/376458a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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25
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Larson E, Heinrich J, Bond E. Twenty years: the American Academy of Nursing and the Institute of Medicine in perspective. Nurs Outlook 1995; 43:105-11. [PMID: 7659538 DOI: 10.1016/s0029-6554(95)80052-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
MESH Headings
- American Nurses' Association/history
- History, 20th Century
- National Academies of Science, Engineering, and Medicine, U.S., Health and Medicine Division/history
- National Academies of Science, Engineering, and Medicine, U.S., Health and Medicine Division/organization & administration
- Societies, Nursing/economics
- Societies, Nursing/history
- Societies, Nursing/organization & administration
- United States
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Affiliation(s)
- E Larson
- Georgetown University School of Nursing, Washington, D.C., USA
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26
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Urick J, Bond E. Self-instructional laboratories revisited by high technology. Comput Nurs 1994; 12:5-6. [PMID: 8149303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Faculty at Southeastern Louisiana University School of Nursing identified a need to change the method of teaching basic nursing skills. A creative approach was needed to handle the increasing number of students without compromising the learning experience. The out-dated media center was renovated into a computer laboratory. Self-instructional modules to teach skills were developed using interactive video technology, computer assisted instruction, and videocassettes. The change was a success.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Urick
- Southeastern Louisiana University, School of Nursing, Hammond 70402
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27
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Heitkemper MM, Jarrett M, Caudell KA, Bond E. Women with gastrointestinal symptoms: implications for nursing research and practice. Gastroenterol Nurs 1993; 15:226-32. [PMID: 8323989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome and functional bowel disorder are diagnoses used to describe chronic GI symptoms for which no overt pathological condition can be identified. Symptoms are more common in women and are frequently followed in gastroenterology clinics. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the research linking GI symptoms and reproductive cycling and to discuss implications for practice. GI symptoms such as stomach pain and nausea are highest during menses compared with other cycle phases; also, stool consistency is loosest at menses. This pattern is present in control subjects. In women with irritable bowel syndrome the same pattern is seen but with higher symptom intensity. Although animal studies have demonstrated that estrogen and progesterone modulate contractile function of some GI segments, in humans, symptoms are highest when these hormones are at the lowest levels. Thus, symptoms in women may be related to decreasing ovarian hormone levels or to other circulating hormones or factors which vary with the menstrual cycle. Additionally, other factors such as stress aggravate symptoms. Therapeutics directed toward increasing patient awareness of cyclic patterns in symptom complaints, for example, via the use of daily symptom diaries may be a useful adjunct to dietary, pharmacological, and other therapies.
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28
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Abstract
The effect of intracisternal injection of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) on small intestinal transit of a charcoal bolus was investigated in 14-, 21-, 28- and 35-day-old and adult rats. Intracisternal TRH (15 micrograms in 2 microliters) was administered, and transit (distance traveled by the charcoal) was measured 120 min later. In all age groups, intracisternal TRH increased charcoal transit significantly (P less than 0.05) as compared to saline-treated controls. This increase in transit was not mimicked by intravascular TRH, and it was blocked in all age groups by prior intraperitoneal injection of atropine (2 micrograms/g body weight). Vagotomy blocked TRH-induced increases in small intestine transit in rats of 28 days and older. Prior intraperitoneal injection of the antiserotonin compound, cyproheptadine (1 microgram/g body weight) reduced TRH-induced increases in small intestine transit in all age groups. These results demonstrate that centrally administered TRH stimulates small intestine transit through both cholinergic and serotonergic mechanisms in rats as early as 14 days of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Bond
- Department of Physiological Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle 98195
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Heitkemper MM, Bond E. Fluid and electrolytes: assessment and interventions. J Enterostomal Ther 1988; 15:18-23. [PMID: 3339147 DOI: 10.1097/00152192-198801000-00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Donaldson SK, Bond E, Seeger L, Niles N, Bolles L. Intracellular pH vs MgATP2- concentration: relative importance as determinants of Ca 2+ - activated force generation of disrupted rabbit cardiac cells. Cardiovasc Res 1981; 15:268-75. [PMID: 6975167 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/15.5.268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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O'Flaherty JT, Cousart S, Lineberger AS, Bond E, Bass DA, DeChatelet LR, Leake ES, McCall CE. Phorbol myristate acetate: in vivo effects upon neutrophils, platelets, and lung. Am J Pathol 1980; 101:79-92. [PMID: 7446704 PMCID: PMC1903583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Phorbol myristate acetate is a potent aggregator of platelets. It was found that it was similarly potent in aggregating neutrophils and in producing striking thrombocytopenia and neutropenia when infused intravenously into rabbits. Aggregation and cytopenia were further correlated in that both types of responses developed abruptly and persisted for more than 90 minutes. Animals infused with 40 microgram/kg of the phorbol ester exhibited moderately severe respiratory distress. Their respiratory rate doubled shortly after the infusion, and this tachypnea persisted for more than 2 hours. At necroscopic examination, the lungs of these rabbits contained two outstanding abnormalities: numerous foci of alveolar hemorrhage and extensive intravascular accumulations of platelets and neutrophils. Thus, these animals had evidence of increased permeability and potential occlusion of the pulmonary microvasculature. Increased permeability, occlusion of lung blood vessels, or the occurrence of both processes was further indicated in studies on animals pre-infused with the plasma protein marker 125I-albumin: animals infused with the phorbol ester had a significantly increased amount of this label in their lungs in spite of thorough postmortem perfusion of their pulmonary vasculature with saline and fixative. We conclude that phorbol myristate acetate has actions in vivo that resemble those of a variety of other platelet (eg, arachidonic acid) and neutrophil (eg, chemotactic factors) aggregating agents that cause cytopenia and lung dysfunction. However, compared with these other agents, the phorbol ester produces respiratory distress of intermediate severity and greater duration. The drug, therefore, induces a syndrome that more closely resembles that seen in a variety of clinical and experimental conditions that associate shocklike states with cytopenia and lung dysfunction. It may serve as a useful tool in the study of the pathophysiology of these states as well as in those produced by other aggregating agents.
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Abstract
A four year old female woodchuck had a metastasizing hepatoma and Mönckeberg type of arteriosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Bond
- Berg Institute, New York University Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA
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Bond E, Dorfman HD. Squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue in cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1969; 154:786-9. [PMID: 5812999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Christensen LR, Bond E, Matanic B. "Pock-less" rabbit pox. Lab Anim Care 1967; 17:281-96. [PMID: 4293136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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