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Joury E, Barngkgei I, Al-Batayneh OB, El Tantawi M, Alhaffar BAM, Alshalabi F, Aly NM, Al-Nahlawi T, Abdelgawad F, Bourzgui F, Berrezouga L, Amran AG, Al-Ansari A, Dama MA, El-Swiah JM, Bacho R, Doughan B, Doumit M, Al-Sane M, Ibrahim O. Impact of Protracted War Crisis on Dental Students: A Comparative Multicountry Cross-sectional Study. Educ Health (Abingdon) 2023; 36:123-130. [PMID: 38133128 DOI: 10.4103/efh.efh_127_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of conflict and war crisis on dental students is poorly understood. Given the prolonged conflicts and political instability in the Arabic-speaking countries, it is crucial to investigate the effect of these conditions on dental students. This study aimed to assess the impact of protracted war on dental students by comparing the personal, university, and wider context challenges they face across war-affected and unaffected countries. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted including a convenience sample of dental students from 13 universities in 12 Arabic-speaking countries. Respondents were those at entry and exit points of their undergraduate dental training. A self-administered paper questionnaire collected anonymized data on sociodemographics, and personal, university, and wider context challenges that students were facing. Multivariable Poisson regression analyses were carried out. RESULTS The overall response rate was 64.8%. The mean age was 21.2 (standard deviation = 2.1) years, with 68% of participants being female. After adjusting for age and sex, dental students in Arabic-speaking countries affected by protracted war crisis were significantly more likely to report wider context challenges compared to their counterparts in unaffected countries (n = 2448; beta = 1.12; 95% confidence interval: 1.10-1.13; P < 0.001). DISCUSSION Dental students in Arabic-speaking countries affected by protracted war crisis were more likely to suffer from wider context challenges such as difficulties in attendance due to the deterioration of security and lack of flexibility of teaching time to accommodate the different circumstances induced by the war crisis. Supporting dental students in areas affected by protracted war crises is needed and may include developing online dental education programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Easter Joury
- Centre for Dental Public Health and Primary Care, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Institute of Dentistry, The Royal London Hospital, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Imad Barngkgei
- Department of Oral Medicine and Pathology, Al-Wataniya Private University, Hama, Syria
| | - Ola B Al-Batayneh
- Department of Orthodontics, Pediatric and Community Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Maha El Tantawi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | | | | | - Nourhan M Aly
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Talal Al-Nahlawi
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, Syrian Private University and Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
| | - Fatma Abdelgawad
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Farid Bourzgui
- Department of Dento-Facial Orthopedic, Faculty of Dentistry, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Latifa Berrezouga
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology and Endodontics, University of Monastir-Faculty of Dental Medicine, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Abdullah G Amran
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Thamar University, Dhamar, Yemen
| | - Asim Al-Ansari
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mai A Dama
- Department of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Graduate Studies, Arab American University, Jenin, Palestinian
| | - Jamal M El-Swiah
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Misurata Faculty of Dentistry, University of Misurata, Misurata, Libya
| | - Riad Bacho
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Bassel Doughan
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mounir Doumit
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mona Al-Sane
- Department of Developmental and Preventive Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Kuwait University, Al Ahmadi, Kuwait
| | - Ousama Ibrahim
- Department of Dentistry, Al-Manara College for Medical Sciences, Amarah, Iraq
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Kwon O, Joury E, Colonio-Salazar F, Moussa-Pacha M, Johal A. A comparison of children's experiences with fixed and removable functional appliances: A qualitative study. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2023; 164:423-430. [PMID: 37041097 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2023.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The objective of this study was to compare children's experiences and perceptions of treatment with Hanks-Herbst (HH) and modified Twin-block (MTB) functional appliances. METHODS A pragmatic nested qualitative study was undertaken in a single hospital setting. Participants from a randomized controlled trial (International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial Number 11717011) wearing HH and/or MTB appliances were interviewed using a topic guide in a one-to-one, semistructured format. Interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim for framework methodology analysis until data saturation was reached. RESULTS Eighteen participants (HH, 7: MTB, 4; switched group, 7) were interviewed. Thirteen codes were constructed and grouped into 3 themes: (1) functional impairment and symptoms, (2) psychosocial factors and impacts, and (3) feedback on appliances and patient care. Both appliances had a negative impact on quality of life, with disruption to children's daily routines and psychological well-being. Speaking was more problematic for MTB participants, whereas HH participants encountered mastication and breakage issues. HH was preferred by most participants, as its nonremovable feature meant less managing and self-discipline was required. MTB was considered a suitable option for children with good self-discipline and who preferred a versatile lifestyle. Feedback included wishes for the availability of multiple appliance options and a degree of autonomy in decision-making processes. CONCLUSIONS HH and MTB can negatively affect children's quality of life. Participants preferred HH over MTB because of its nonremovable feature, and children requested to be empowered during decision-making processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ohsun Kwon
- Centre for Oral Bioengineering, Institute of Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Easter Joury
- Centre for Dental Public Health and Primary Care, Institute of Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Moaiyad Moussa-Pacha
- Centre for Oral Bioengineering, Institute of Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ama Johal
- Centre for Oral Bioengineering, Institute of Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.
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Abstract
The poor physical health (including oral health) of people with mental disorders is a global problem. The burden of oral diseases among this group is substantial given their high prevalence and ability to increase the personal, social, and economic impacts of mental disorders. This article summarizes causes of mental disorders and oral diseases, critically reviews current evidence on interventions to reduce the burden of oral diseases in people with mental disorders, and suggests future research directions. The relationship between mental disorders and oral diseases is complex due to the shared social determinants and bidirectional interaction mechanisms that involve interconnected social, psychological, behavioral, and biological processes. Research has, to date, failed to produce effective and scalable interventions to tackle the burden of oral diseases among people with mental disorders. Transformative research and actions informed by a dynamic involvement of biological, behavioral, and social sciences are needed to understand and tackle the complex relationship between mental disorders and oral diseases, as well as inform the design of complex interventions. Examples of future research on complex public health, health service, and social care interventions are provided. The design and testing of these interventions should be carried out in real-world settings, underpinned by the principles of coproduction and systems thinking, and conducted by a transdisciplinary team. We propose this starts with setting research priorities and developing complex intervention theory, which we report to support future research to improve oral health and hence physical and mental health in this disadvantaged group.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Joury
- Centre for Dental Public Health and Primary Care, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, The Royal London Hospital, London, UK
| | - S Kisely
- PA-Southside Clinical Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, the University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - R G Watt
- Research Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - N Ahmed
- Bristol Dental School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - A J Morris
- School of Dentistry, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - F Fortune
- Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK
| | - K Bhui
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Shakir A, Barngkgei I, Godson J, Joury E. Effectiveness of school-based behavioural interventions to improve children's oral health by reducing sugar intake and promoting oral hygiene: A rapid review of randomised controlled trials. Community Dent Health 2021; 38:275-283. [PMID: 34351713 DOI: 10.1922/cdh_00014shakir09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate evidence of the effectiveness of school-based behavioural interventions to improve the oral health of children aged 3-18 years in a rapid review of randomised controlled trials (RCTs). METHODS Three independent reviewers searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science and other sources between January 2000 and December 2020 for eligible published and unpublished studies in English and extracted data. Primary outcomes were caries increment, plaque levels, gingival health, reported frequency and/or amount of free sugars intake and oral hygiene behaviour. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane criteria. RESULTS Eight cluster RCTs met the inclusion criteria and had substantial heterogeneity. Three trials assessed caries increment and one found significant reductions in the intervention group. Another trial found similar benefits, but these were limited to children from high socioeconomic groups. The third trial found an increase in dental caries in the intervention group. Three studies reported significant reductions in plaque scores and improvements in gingival health with modest effects. Interventions delivered by peers (at adolescence) or with parents' involvement (at pre-adolescence) showed significant reductions in plaque scores compared to those delivered by dentists or teachers only. Most interventions showed significant improvements in self-reported behaviours. CONCLUSIONS There is limited evidence of clinical benefit to dental health from school-based behavioural interventions. There is a need to conduct well-designed trials of behavioural interventions that are theory-derived and include environmental elements (e.g. supervised toothbrushing). Future trials would benefit from cost-effectiveness analysis and assessment of interventions' effect on oral health inequalities amongst children.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Shakir
- Centre for Dental Public Health and Primary Care, Institute of Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, UK
| | - I Barngkgei
- Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Al-Wataniya Private University, Syria
| | - J Godson
- Dental Public Health National Team, Public Health England, UK
| | - E Joury
- Centre for Dental Public Health and Primary Care, Institute of Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, UK
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Joury E, Meer R, Chedid JCA, Shibly O. Burden of oral diseases and impact of protracted displacement: a cross-sectional study on Syrian refugee children in Lebanon. Br Dent J 2021:10.1038/s41415-021-2960-9. [PMID: 33986480 DOI: 10.1038/s41415-021-2960-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Very little is known about the burden of childhood oral diseases in protracted humanitarian settings.Aim This study aimed to assess the prevalence of oral diseases in Syrian refugee children living in Lebanon and to investigate their relationship with the duration of displacement.Methods Data from Miles for Smiles programme for Syrian refugee schoolchildren in Bekaa/Lebanon were used (n = 823). A dental examination was performed to assess the presence of dental caries and abscess. A clinical form was used to collect data on the presence, intensity and duration of dental pain.Results The majority (90%) had dental caries, 57% had dental pain (of which 55% had moderate/severe pain and 38% had pain for more than a month) and 9% had dental abscess. After adjusting for age and gender, children in protracted displacement were significantly more likely to have a higher number of decayed teeth compared to their counterparts who had been displaced for less than five years (RR = 1.19; 95% CI = 1.09-1.29; P <0.001).Conclusions The burden of oral diseases in Syrian refugee children living in Lebanon was high, particularly among those living in a protracted situation. There is a need for evidence-based effective public health interventions to improve this population's oral health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Easter Joury
- Academic Clinical Lecturer, Centre for Dental Public Health and Primary Care, Institute of Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Turner Street, London, E1 2AD, UK
| | - Rayan Meer
- Masters Student, Department of Periodontics and Endodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, USA; Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Almadinah Almunawwarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jean Claude Abou Chedid
- Professor, Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Othman Shibly
- Clinical Professor, Department of Periodontics and Endodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, USA.
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Shaw E, Walpole S, McLean M, Alvarez-Nieto C, Barna S, Bazin K, Behrens G, Chase H, Duane B, El Omrani O, Elf M, Faerron Guzmán CA, Falceto de Barros E, Gibbs TJ, Groome J, Hackett F, Harden J, Hothersall EJ, Hourihane M, Huss NM, Ikiugu M, Joury E, Leedham-Green K, MacKenzie-Shalders K, Madden DL, McKimm J, Nayna Schwerdtle P, Peters S, Redvers N, Sheffield P, Singleton J, Tun S, Woollard R. AMEE Consensus Statement: Planetary health and education for sustainable healthcare. Med Teach 2021; 43:272-286. [PMID: 33602043 DOI: 10.1080/0142159x.2020.1860207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this Consensus Statement is to provide a global, collaborative, representative and inclusive vision for educating an interprofessional healthcare workforce that can deliver sustainable healthcare and promote planetary health. It is intended to inform national and global accreditation standards, planning and action at the institutional level as well as highlight the role of individuals in transforming health professions education. Many countries have agreed to 'rapid, far-reaching and unprecedented changes' to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 45% within 10 years and achieve carbon neutrality by 2050, including in healthcare. Currently, however, health professions graduates are not prepared for their roles in achieving these changes. Thus, to reduce emissions and meet the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), health professions education must equip undergraduates, and those already qualified, with the knowledge, skills, values, competence and confidence they need to sustainably promote the health, human rights and well-being of current and future generations, while protecting the health of the planet.The current imperative for action on environmental issues such as climate change requires health professionals to mobilize politically as they have before, becoming strong advocates for major environmental, social and economic change. A truly ethical relationship with people and the planet that we inhabit so precariously, and to guarantee a future for the generations which follow, demands nothing less of all health professionals.This Consensus Statement outlines the changes required in health professions education, approaches to achieve these changes and a timeline for action linked to the internationally agreed SDGs. It represents the collective vision of health professionals, educators and students from various health professions, geographic locations and cultures. 'Consensus' implies broad agreement amongst all individuals engaged in discussion on a specific issue, which in this instance, is agreement by all signatories of this Statement developed under the auspices of the Association for Medical Education in Europe (AMEE).To ensure a shared understanding and to accurately convey information, we outline key terms in a glossary which accompanies this Consensus Statement (Supplementary Appendix 1). We acknowledge, however, that terms evolve and that different terms resonate variably depending on factors such as setting and audience. We define education for sustainable healthcare as the process of equipping current and future health professionals with the knowledge, values, confidence and capacity to provide environmentally sustainable services through health professions education. We define a health professional as a person who has gained a professional qualification for work in the health system, whether in healthcare delivery, public health or a management or supporting role and education as 'the system comprising structures, curricula, faculty and activities contributing to a learning process'. This Statement is relevant to the full continuum of training - from undergraduate to postgraduate and continuing professional development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Shaw
- Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Sarah Walpole
- Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
- Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
- Centre for Sustainable Healthcare, Oxford, UK
| | - Michelle McLean
- Faculty of Health Sciences & Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | | | - Stefi Barna
- Centre for Sustainable Healthcare, Oxford, UK
| | - Kate Bazin
- Department of Physiotherapy, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Georgia Behrens
- School of Medicine Sydney, The University of Notre Dame Australia, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Brett Duane
- School of Dentistry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Omnia El Omrani
- International Federation of Medical Students' Associations, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marie Elf
- School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Department of Nursing, Dalarna University, Falun, Sweden
| | - Carlos A Faerron Guzmán
- Planetary Health Alliance, Harvard University T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Jonny Groome
- Greener Anaesthesia & Sustainability Project, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
| | - Finola Hackett
- University of Calgary, CFMS Health and Environment, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jeni Harden
- University of Edinburgh Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Maca Hourihane
- Irish Society of Chartered Physiotherapists Special Interest Group for Healthcare Professionals in International Health and Development and Irish Red Cross Society, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Moses Ikiugu
- Occupational Therapy, University of South Dakota School of Health Sciences, Vermillion, SD, USA
| | - Easter Joury
- Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Kathleen Leedham-Green
- Medical Education Research Unit, Imperial College London Faculty of Medicine, London, UK
| | | | - Diana Lynne Madden
- School of Medicine Sydney, The University of Notre Dame Australia, Sydney, Australia
| | - Judy McKimm
- Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | | | | | - Nicole Redvers
- Department of Family & Community Medicine, University of North Dakota School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - Perry Sheffield
- Departments of Environmental Medicine and Public Health and Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Judith Singleton
- Pharmacy, School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - SanYuMay Tun
- Imperial College London Centre for Environmental Policy, London, UK
| | - Robert Woollard
- Family Practice, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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Ammar N, Aly NM, Folayan MO, Khader Y, Mohebbi SZ, Attia S, Howaldt HP, Boettger S, Virtanen J, Madi M, Maharani DA, Rahardjo A, Khan I, Al-Batayneh OB, Rashwan M, Pavlic V, Cicmil S, Noritake K, Galluccio G, Polimeni A, Shamala AA, Arheiam A, Mancino D, Phantumvanit P, Kim JB, Choi YH, Dama MA, Abdelsalam MM, Castillo JL, Nyan M, Hussein I, Joury E, Vukovic AP, Iandolo A, Kemoli AM, El Tantawi M. Perceived Preparedness of Dental Academic Institutions to Cope with the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Multi-Country Survey. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:ijerph18041445. [PMID: 33557068 PMCID: PMC7913785 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18041445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Dental academic institutions are affected by COVID-19. We assessed the perceived COVID-19 preparedness of these institutions and the characteristics of institutions with greater perceived preparedness. An international cross-sectional survey of dental academics was conducted from March to August 2020 to assess academics’ and institutional attributes, perceived preparedness, and availability of infection prevention and control (IPC) equipment. Principal component analysis (PCA) identified perceived preparedness components. Multilevel linear regression analysis assessed the association between perceived preparedness and fixed effect factors (academics’ and institutions’ attributes) with countries as random effect variable. Of the 1820 dental academics from 28 countries, 78.4% worked in public institutions and 75.2% reported temporary closure. PCA showed five components: clinic apparel, measures before and after patient care, institutional policies, and availability of IPC equipment. Significantly less perceived preparedness was reported in lower-middle income (LMICs) (B = −1.31, p = 0.006) and upper-middle income (UMICs) (B = −0.98, p = 0.02) countries than in high-income countries (HICs), in teaching only (B = −0.55, p < 0.0001) and in research only (B = −1.22, p = 0.003) than teaching and research institutions and in institutions receiving ≤100 patients daily than those receiving >100 patients (B = −0.38, p < 0.0001). More perceived preparedness was reported by academics with administrative roles (B = 0.59, p < 0.0001). Academics from low-income countries (LICs) and LMICs reported less availability of clinic apparel, IPC equipment, measures before patient care, and institutional policies but more measures during patient care. There was greater perceived preparedness in HICs and institutions with greater involvement in teaching, research, and patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour Ammar
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21253, Egypt; (N.M.A.); (M.E.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +20-10-0964-7703
| | - Nourhan M. Aly
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21253, Egypt; (N.M.A.); (M.E.T.)
| | | | - Yousef Khader
- Department of Public Health, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan;
| | - Simin Z. Mohebbi
- Research Center for Caries Prevention, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14399-55991, Iran;
- Community Oral Health Department, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14399-55991, Iran
| | - Sameh Attia
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (S.A.); (H.-P.H.); (S.B.)
| | - Hans-Peter Howaldt
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (S.A.); (H.-P.H.); (S.B.)
| | - Sebastian Boettger
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (S.A.); (H.-P.H.); (S.B.)
| | - Jorma Virtanen
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway;
| | - Marwa Madi
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 34221, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Diah A. Maharani
- Department of Preventive and Public Health Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, 16424 Depok, Indonesia; (D.A.M.); (A.R.)
| | - Anton Rahardjo
- Department of Preventive and Public Health Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, 16424 Depok, Indonesia; (D.A.M.); (A.R.)
| | - Imran Khan
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India;
| | - Ola B. Al-Batayneh
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan;
| | - Maher Rashwan
- Center for Oral Bioengineering, Barts and the London, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK;
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21253, Egypt
| | - Verica Pavlic
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, 78000 Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina;
| | - Smiljka Cicmil
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine Foca, University of East Sarajevo, 73300 Foca, Bosnia and Herzegovina;
| | - Kanako Noritake
- Oral Diagnosis and General Dentistry Department, Dental Hospital, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan;
| | - Gabriella Galluccio
- Department of Oral and Maxillo Facial Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.G.); (A.P.)
| | - Antonella Polimeni
- Department of Oral and Maxillo Facial Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.G.); (A.P.)
| | - Anas A. Shamala
- Department of Preventive and Biomedical Science, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Science and Technology, Sanaa 15201, Yemen;
| | - Arheiam Arheiam
- Department of Community and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Benghazi, Benghazi, Libya;
| | - Davide Mancino
- Department of Endodontics and Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France;
- Department of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, INSERM UMR_S 1121, Strasbourg University, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Jin-Bom Kim
- Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea;
| | - Youn-Hee Choi
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41940, Korea;
| | - Mai A. Dama
- Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Arab American University, Jenin 240, Zababdeh 13, Palestine;
| | - Maha M. Abdelsalam
- Department of Biomedical Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 34221, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Jorge L. Castillo
- Department of Dentistry for Children and Adolescents, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima 15102, Peru;
| | - Myat Nyan
- Department of Prosthodontics, University of Dental Medicine, Mandalay 05041, Myanmar;
| | - Iyad Hussein
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai 800 MBRU (6278), United Arab Emirates;
| | - Easter Joury
- Centre for Dental Public Health and Primary Care, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AD, UK;
| | - Ana P. Vukovic
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Beograd, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Alfredo Iandolo
- Department of Endodontics, University of Salerno, 84080 Fisciano, Italy;
| | - Arthur M. Kemoli
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry & Orthodontics, School of Dental Sciences, University of Nairobi, Nairobi 30197-00100, Kenya;
| | - Maha El Tantawi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21253, Egypt; (N.M.A.); (M.E.T.)
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Ammar N, Aly NM, Folayan MO, Mohebbi SZ, Attia S, Howaldt HP, Boettger S, Khader Y, Maharani DA, Rahardjo A, Khan I, Madi M, Shamala A, Al-Batayneh OB, Rashwan M, Pavlic V, Cicmil S, Galluccio G, Polimeni A, Mancino D, Arheiam A, Dama MA, Nyan M, Phantumvanit P, Kim JB, Choi YH, Castillo JL, Joury E, Abdelsalam MM, Alkeshan MM, Hussein I, Vukovic AP, Iandolo A, Kemoli AM, El Tantawi M. Knowledge of dental academics about the COVID-19 pandemic: a multi-country online survey. BMC Med Educ 2020; 20:399. [PMID: 33138810 PMCID: PMC7605331 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-020-02308-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 is a global pandemic affecting all aspects of life in all countries. We assessed COVID-19 knowledge and associated factors among dental academics in 26 countries. METHODS We invited dental academics to participate in a cross-sectional, multi-country, online survey from March to April 2020. The survey collected data on knowledge of COVID-19 regarding the mode of transmission, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, protection, and dental treatment precautions as well as participants' background variables. Multilevel linear models were used to assess the association between dental academics' knowledge of COVID-19 and individual level (personal and professional) and country-level (number of COVID-19 cases/ million population) factors accounting for random variation among countries. RESULTS Two thousand forty-five academics participated in the survey (response rate 14.3%, with 54.7% female and 67% younger than 46 years of age). The mean (SD) knowledge percent score was 73.2 (11.2) %, and the score of knowledge of symptoms was significantly lower than the score of knowledge of diagnostic methods (53.1 and 85.4%, P < 0.0001). Knowledge score was significantly higher among those living with a partner/spouse than among those living alone (regression coefficient (B) = 0.48); higher among those with PhD degrees than among those with Bachelor of Dental Science degrees (B = 0.48); higher among those seeing 21 to 30 patients daily than among those seeing no patients (B = 0.65); and higher among those from countries with a higher number of COVID-19 cases/million population (B = 0.0007). CONCLUSIONS Dental academics had poorer knowledge of COVID-19 symptoms than of COVID-19 diagnostic methods. Living arrangements, academic degrees, patient load, and magnitude of the epidemic in the country were associated with COVD-19 knowledge among dental academics. Training of dental academics on COVID-19 can be designed using these findings to recruit those with the greatest need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour Ammar
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Nourhan M Aly
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Morenike O Folayan
- Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Simin Z Mohebbi
- Research Center for Caries Prevention, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Community Oral Health Department, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sameh Attia
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Howaldt
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Boettger
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Yousef Khader
- Department of Public Health, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Diah A Maharani
- Department of Preventive and Public Health Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
| | - Anton Rahardjo
- Department of Preventive and Public Health Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
| | - Imran Khan
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Marwa Madi
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anas Shamala
- Department of Preventive and Biomedical Science, College of Dentistry, University of Science & Technology, Sanaa, Yemen
| | - Ola B Al-Batayneh
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Maher Rashwan
- Center for Oral Bioengineering, Barts and the London, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Verica Pavlic
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, Medical Faculty University of Banja Luka, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Smiljka Cicmil
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine Foca, University of East Sarajevo, East Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Gabriella Galluccio
- Department of Oral and Maxillo Facial Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Polimeni
- Department of Oral and Maxillo Facial Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Davide Mancino
- Department of Endodontics and Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Strasbourg, 67000, Strasbourg, France
- Department of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, INSERM UMR_S 1121, Strasbourg University, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Arheiam Arheiam
- Department of Community and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Benghazi, Benghazi, Libya
| | - Mai A Dama
- Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Arab American University, Jenin, Palestine
| | - Myat Nyan
- Department of Prosthodontics, University of Dental Medicine, Mandalay, Myanmar
| | | | - Jin-Bom Kim
- Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn-Hee Choi
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jorge L Castillo
- Department of Dentistry for Children and Adolescents, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Easter Joury
- Centre for Dental Public Health and Primary Care, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Maha M Abdelsalam
- Department of Biomedical Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad M Alkeshan
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Iyad Hussein
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ana P Vukovic
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Alfredo Iandolo
- Department of Endodontics, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Arthur M Kemoli
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry & Orthodontics, School of Dental Sciences, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Maha El Tantawi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Ammar N, Aly NM, Folayan MO, Khader Y, Virtanen JI, Al-Batayneh OB, Mohebbi SZ, Attia S, Howaldt HP, Boettger S, Maharani DA, Rahardjo A, Khan I, Madi M, Rashwan M, Pavlic V, Cicmil S, Choi YH, Joury E, Castillo JL, Noritake K, Shamala A, Galluccio G, Polimeni A, Phantumvanit P, Mancino D, Kim JB, Abdelsalam MM, Arheiam A, Dama MA, Nyan M, Hussein I, Alkeshan MM, Vukovic AP, Iandolo A, Kemoli AM, El Tantawi M. Behavior change due to COVID-19 among dental academics-The theory of planned behavior: Stresses, worries, training, and pandemic severity. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0239961. [PMID: 32991611 PMCID: PMC7523990 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE COVID-19 pandemic led to major life changes. We assessed the psychological impact of COVID-19 on dental academics globally and on changes in their behaviors. METHODS We invited dental academics to complete a cross-sectional, online survey from March to May 2020. The survey was based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). The survey collected data on participants' stress levels (using the Impact of Event Scale), attitude (fears, and worries because of COVID-19 extracted by Principal Component Analysis (PCA), perceived control (resulting from training on public health emergencies), norms (country-level COVID-19 fatality rate), and personal and professional backgrounds. We used multilevel regression models to assess the association between the study outcome variables (frequent handwashing and avoidance of crowded places) and explanatory variables (stress, attitude, perceived control and norms). RESULTS 1862 academics from 28 countries participated in the survey (response rate = 11.3%). Of those, 53.4% were female, 32.9% were <46 years old and 9.9% had severe stress. PCA extracted three main factors: fear of infection, worries because of professional responsibilities, and worries because of restricted mobility. These factors had significant dose-dependent association with stress and were significantly associated with more frequent handwashing by dental academics (B = 0.56, 0.33, and 0.34) and avoiding crowded places (B = 0.55, 0.30, and 0.28). Low country fatality rates were significantly associated with more handwashing (B = -2.82) and avoiding crowded places (B = -6.61). Training on public health emergencies was not significantly associated with behavior change (B = -0.01 and -0.11). CONCLUSIONS COVID-19 had a considerable psychological impact on dental academics. There was a direct, dose-dependent association between change in behaviors and worries but no association between these changes and training on public health emergencies. More change in behaviors was associated with lower country COVID-19 fatality rates. Fears and stresses were associated with greater adoption of preventive measures against the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour Ammar
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Nourhan M Aly
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Morenike O Folayan
- Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Yousef Khader
- Department of Public Health, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Jorma I Virtanen
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ola B Al-Batayneh
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Simin Z Mohebbi
- Research Center for Caries Prevention, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Community Oral Health Department, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sameh Attia
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Howaldt
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Boettger
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Diah A Maharani
- Department of Preventive and Public Health Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
| | - Anton Rahardjo
- Department of Preventive and Public Health Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
| | - Imran Khan
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Marwa Madi
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maher Rashwan
- Center for Oral Bioengineering, Barts and the London, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Verica Pavlic
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, Medical Faculty University of Banja Luka, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Smiljka Cicmil
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine Foca, University of East Sarajevo, Foca, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Youn-Hee Choi
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Easter Joury
- Centre for Dental Public Health and Primary Care, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jorge L Castillo
- Department of Dentistry for Children and Adolescents, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Kanako Noritake
- Oral Diagnosis and General Dentistry department, Dental Hospital, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Anas Shamala
- Department of Preventive and Biomedical Science, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Science and Technology, Sanaa, Yemen
| | - Gabriella Galluccio
- Department of Oral and Maxillo Facial Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Polimeni
- Department of Oral and Maxillo Facial Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Davide Mancino
- Department of Endodontics and Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Department of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, INSERM UMR_S 1121, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jin-Bom Kim
- Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Maha M Abdelsalam
- Department of Biomedical Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arheiam Arheiam
- Department of Community and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Benghazi, Benghazi, Libya
| | - Mai A Dama
- Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Arab American University, Jenin, Palestine
| | - Myat Nyan
- Department of Prosthodontics, University of Dental Medicine, Mandalay, Myanmar
| | - Iyad Hussein
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohammad M Alkeshan
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ana P Vukovic
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Alfredo Iandolo
- Department of Endodontics, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Arthur M Kemoli
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry & Orthodontics, School of Dental Sciences, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Maha El Tantawi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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10
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Nakhleh K, Joury E, Dean R, Marcenes W, Johal A. Can socioeconomic and psychosocial factors predict the duration of orthodontic treatment? Eur J Orthod 2020; 42:263-269. [PMID: 31579918 DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjz074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Very little is known about the role of socioeconomic and psychosocial factors in predicting orthodontic treatment duration. Thus, this study aimed to test whether socioeconomic position (SEP) and psychosocial factors, namely, family environment and resiliency can predict orthodontic treatment duration. METHODS Data were analysed from a hospital-based, prospective, longitudinal study that recruited 145 consecutively selected 12- to 16-year-old male and female adolescents. Baseline SEP and psychosocial data were collected by a validated child self-completed questionnaire before the placement of fixed appliances. Linear regression analysis was used. RESULTS The response rate was 98.6 per cent and the dropout was 8.2 per cent. Maternal emotional support was an important predictor of orthodontic treatment duration. Adolescents with high levels of maternal emotional support were more likely to have a shorter orthodontic treatment duration (by nearly four months) than those with low levels of maternal emotional support (P = 0.02). Parental SEP, paternal emotional support, maternal and paternal control, as well as resiliency were not significantly associated with orthodontic treatment duration (P > 0.05). The multivariable regression analysis (including age, gender, and malocclusion severity) confirmed the significance of maternal emotional support as a predictor of orthodontic treatment duration. CONCLUSIONS Maternal emotional support is an important predictor of orthodontic treatment duration. This may be explained by a higher maternal involvement in the orthodontic treatment, which may have facilitated achieving the required orthodontic treatment outcome in a shorter treatment duration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Easter Joury
- Centre for Dental Public Health and Primary Care, Institute of Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, UK.,Health Promotion and Public Health, University of West London, UK
| | - Rabia Dean
- Oral and Maxillofacial Department, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, UK
| | - Wagner Marcenes
- Centre for Host Microbiome Interactions, King's College London Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, University of London, UK
| | - Ama Johal
- Centre of Oral Bioengineering, Institute of Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, UK
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11
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Joury E. Syria Profile of the Epidemiology and Management of Early Childhood Caries Before and During the Time of Crisis. Front Public Health 2019; 7:271. [PMID: 31612125 PMCID: PMC6768970 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2019.00271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Syria has witnessed the greatest humanitarian crisis of forcibly displaced population since World War II. The present review aimed to outline Syria's profile of the epidemiology and management of early childhood caries (ECC). Before the crisis, the burden of ECC amongst Syrian pre-schoolers had been growing in prevalence and severity. Comparable data showed an increase in the burden of ECC amongst Syrian children aged five years, rising from 74% in 1991 to 81% in 2011, with a dmft value of 8.6. A similar increase was observed in the burden of ECC amongst Syrian children aged three years, rising from 50% in 1991 to 56% in 2011, with a dmft value of 6.1. Whilst there are no data on the burden of ECC during the current crisis, estimates could be extrapolated from data on the current burden of dental caries amongst Syrian primary school children living inside Syria or in informal settlements outside Syria. Such data suggested that the burden of ECC might have further increased amongst Syrian pre-schoolers during the crisis time. This is due to the crisis exacerbating effect on ECC risk factors, in terms of increasing the existing high sugar intake amongst Syrian pre-schoolers as well as increasing different barriers Syrian families face to fresh foods, sugar-free medicines, oral hygiene and fluoride products and accessing essential preventative dental care. Tackling the growing burden of ECC amongst Syrian pre-schoolers should not be postponed till post-crisis time. The seed work for relevant public health interventions could start and be embedded in different health and social initiatives taking place during the time of crisis. A number of public health interventions informed by relevant international and local (Syrian) studies conducted during the time of crisis have been suggested to tackle the burden of ECC amongst Syrian young children. They include a mix of upstream, midstream, and downstream interventions that aim to reduce sugar intake, improve feeding and oral hygiene practices, increase access to an appropriate source of fluoride and build the capacity of the Syrian dental and wider workforce to tackle the growing burden of ECC in Syrian pre-schoolers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Easter Joury
- Centre for Dental Public Health and Primary Care, Institute of Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
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Joury E, Alghadban M, Elias K, Bedi R. Impact of providing free preventive dental products without health workers' counselling on infants' tooth-brushing and bottle-feeding termination practices: a randomised controlled trial. Community Dent Health 2017; 33:213-217. [PMID: 28509517 DOI: 10.1922/cdh_3841joury05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the impact of an integrated oral health promotion intervention, within the Syrian national immunisation programme, which provided free preventive dental health products, without health workers' counselling, on one-year-old infants' tooth-brushing and bottle-feeding termination practices. RESEARCH DESIGN a randomised controlled parallel-group trial. SETTING A maternal and child health centre in Sweida city, Syria. PARTICIPANTS 92 mothers of one-year-old infants, attending an infant vaccination clinic, were allocated into three groups: Test, Control One and Control Two. INTERVENTIONS The Test group received an oral health promotion package including an infant oral health pamphlet, a baby toothbrush, fluoride toothpaste (1,000 mg/L) and a trainer cup, without health workers' counselling. Control One received only the pamphlet, whilst Control Two received no intervention. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES after one month, the presence of old plaque on infants' primary teeth was checked, to assess tooth-brushing behaviour. Also, a mothers' self-completed questionnaire was administered to assess bottle-feeding use. RESULTS The response rate was 100% and the attrition rate was zero. There were differences in tooth-brushing and bottle-feeding termination practices between the three groups (P⟩0.001). Infants in the Test group were less likely to have old plaque and more likely to stop bottle-feeding than their counterparts in the two control groups. There were no differences in the abovementioned outcomes between the two control groups. CONCLUSIONS Providing free preventive dental health products, without health worker's counselling, in an integrated oral health promotion intervention, was an effective measure to promote infants' tooth-brushing and bottle-feeding termination practices. These findings should be supported by long-term follow up studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Joury
- Oral Medicine Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Damascus University, Syria; Division of Population and Patient Health, King's College London Dental Institute at Guy's, King's College and St Thomas's Hospitals, London, UK
| | - M Alghadban
- Oral Medicine Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Damascus University, Syria
| | - K Elias
- Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, UK
| | - R Bedi
- Centre for International Child Oral Health, King's College London, UK
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Mumghamba EG, Joury E, Fatusi O, Ober-Oluoch J, Onigbanjo RJ, Honkala S. Capacity Building and Financing Oral Health in the African and Middle East Region. Adv Dent Res 2017; 27:32-42. [PMID: 26101338 DOI: 10.1177/0022034515578909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Many low- and middle-income countries do not yet have policies to implement effective oral health programs. A reason is lack of human and financial resources. Gaps between resource needs and available health funding are widening. By building capacity, countries aim to improve oral health through actions by oral health care personnel and oral health care organizations and their communities. Capacity building involves achieving measurable and sustainable results in training, research, and provision of care. Actions include advancement of knowledge, attitudes and skills, expansion of support, and development of cohesiveness and partnerships. The aim of this critical review is to review existing knowledge and identify gaps and variations between and within different income levels in relation to the capacity building and financing oral health in the African and Middle East region (AMER). A second aim is to formulate research priorities and outline a research agenda for capacity building and financing to improve oral health and reduce oral health inequalities in the AMER. The article focuses on capacity building for oral health and oral health financing in the AMER of the IADR. In many communities in the AMER, there are clear and widening gaps between the dental needs and the existing capacity to meet these needs in terms of financial and human resources. Concerted efforts are required to improve access to oral health care through appropriate financing mechanisms, innovative health insurance schemes, and donor support and move toward universal oral health care coverage to reduce social inequality in the region. It is necessary to build capacity and incentivize the workforce to render evidence-based services as well as accessing funds to conduct research on equity and social determinants of oral health while promoting community engagement and a multidisciplinary approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- E G Mumghamba
- School of Dentistry, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania
| | - E Joury
- Faculty of Dentistry, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
| | - O Fatusi
- Obafemi Awolowo University Ile-Ife, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - J Ober-Oluoch
- IADR-East and Southern African Region-Country Councillor, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - S Honkala
- Faculty of Dentistry, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
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Johal A, Haria P, Manek S, Joury E, Riha R. Ready-Made Versus Custom-Made Mandibular Repositioning Devices in Sleep Apnea: A Randomized Clinical Trial. J Clin Sleep Med 2017; 13:175-182. [PMID: 27784410 DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.6440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES To compare the effectiveness of a custom-made (MRDc) versus ready-made (MRDr) mandibular repositioning devices (MRD) in the management of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). METHODS A randomized crossover trial design was adopted in which patients with a confirmed diagnosis of OSA were randomly allocated to receive either a 3-month period of ready-made or custom-made MRD, with an intervening washout period of 2 weeks, prior to crossover. Treatment outcomes included both objective sleep monitoring and patient-centered measures (daytime sleepiness, partner snoring and quality of life). RESULTS Twenty-five patients, with a mild degree of OSA (apnea-hypopnea index of 13.3 [10.9-25] events/h) and daytime sleepiness (Epworth Sleepiness Scale of 11 [6-16]), completed both arms of the trial. The MRDc achieved a complete treatment response in 64% of participants, compared with 24% with the MRDr (p < 0.001). A significant difference was observed in treatment failures, when comparing the MRDr (36%) with the MRDc (4%). Excessive daytime sleepiness (Epworth Sleepiness Scale ≥ 10) persisted in 33% (MRDc) and 66% (MRDr) of OSA subjects, following treatment. A statistically significant improvement was observed in quality of life scales following MRDc therapy only. Significant differences were observed in relation to both the number of nights per week (p = 0.004) and hours per night (p = 0.006) between the two different designs of device. CONCLUSIONS The study demonstrates the significant clinical effectiveness of a custom-made mandibular repositioning device, particularly in terms of patient compliance and tolerance, in the treatment of OSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ama Johal
- Oral Growth and Development, Institute of Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, UK
| | - Priya Haria
- Oral Growth and Development, Institute of Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, UK
| | - Seema Manek
- Oral Growth and Development, Institute of Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, UK
| | - Easter Joury
- Oral Growth and Development, Institute of Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, UK
| | - Renata Riha
- Sleep and Respiratory Medicine, Edinburgh Royal infirmary, UK
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Menem R, Barngkgei I, Beiruti N, Al Haffar I, Joury E. The diagnostic accuracy of a laser fluorescence device and digital radiography in detecting approximal caries lesions in posterior permanent teeth: an in vivo study. Lasers Med Sci 2017; 32:621-628. [PMID: 28194533 PMCID: PMC5360861 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-017-2157-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this in vivo study was to test the diagnostic accuracy of a pen-type laser fluorescence (LFpen) device in detecting approximal caries lesions, in posterior permanent teeth, at the cavitation and non-cavitation thresholds, and compare it with that of digital bitewing radiography. Thirty patients (aged 18-37), who attended the Faculty of Dentistry at Damascus University for a dental examination, were consecutively screened. Ninety approximal surfaces of posterior permanent teeth without frank cavitations, enamel hypoplasia or restorations were selected and examined using the LFpen (DIAGNOdent pen) and digital bitewing radiography. The reference standard was the visual-tactile inspection, after performing temporary tooth separation, using orthodontic rubber rings, placed for 7 days. The status of included approximal surfaces was recorded as intact/sound, with white/brown spots or cavitated. One trained examiner performed all examinations. There were statistically significant differences in LFpen readings between the three types of approximal surface status (P < 0.001). The optimal cut-off values for detecting approximal caries lesions in posterior permanent teeth were >16 and 8 at the cavitation and non-cavitation thresholds respectively. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy (measured by the area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve) were 100, 85 and 95 and 92, 90 and 95% at the cavitation and non-cavitation thresholds respectively. The intra-class correlation coefficient for intra-examiner reliability was 0.95. The diagnostic accuracy of the LFpen was significantly higher than that of digital bitewing radiography (P < 0.001). The LFpen's diagnostic performance was accurate and significantly better than digital bitewing radiography in detecting approximal caries lesions, in posterior permanent teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Menem
- Oral Medicine Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Damascus University, Mazzeh highway, Damascus, Syria
| | - I Barngkgei
- Oral Medicine Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Damascus University, Mazzeh highway, Damascus, Syria
| | - N Beiruti
- School Health Department, Jisser Alabiad Square, P.O Box 60184, Damascus, Syria
| | - I Al Haffar
- Oral Medicine Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Damascus University, Mazzeh highway, Damascus, Syria
| | - Easter Joury
- Oral Medicine Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Damascus University, Mazzeh highway, Damascus, Syria. .,Population and Patient Health, King's College London Dental Institute, Denmark Hill Campus, Bessemer Road, London, SE5 9RS, UK.
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Joury E, Naja F, Nour A, Itani L, Rafii B, Nakhleh K, Manadili A. Dietary patterns and the risk of oral, pharyngeal and laryngeal cancer in Syria: a case control study. BMC Nutr 2016. [DOI: 10.1186/s40795-016-0048-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Tappuni
- 1 Institute of Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - R Al-Kaabi
- 2 Directorate of Preventive Health Affairs, Directorate General of Health, Duhok, Iraq
| | - E Joury
- 3 Population and Patient Health, King's College London Dental Institute, King's College London, London, UK
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Joury E, Khairallah M, Sabbah W, Elias K, Bedi R. Erratum to: Inequalities in the frequency of free sugars intake among Syrian 1-year-old infants: a cross-sectional study. BMC Oral Health 2016; 16:110. [PMID: 27717345 PMCID: PMC5054616 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-016-0305-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Easter Joury
- Population and Patient Health, King's College London Dental Institute, Denmark Hill Campus, Bessemer Road, London, SE5 9RS, UK. .,Oral Medicine Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria.
| | - May Khairallah
- Oral Medicine Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
| | - Wael Sabbah
- Population and Patient Health, King's College London Dental Institute, Denmark Hill Campus, Bessemer Road, London, SE5 9RS, UK
| | - Kanaan Elias
- Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, WC1X 8LD, UK
| | - Raman Bedi
- Centre for International Child Oral Health, King's College London, 26-29 Drury Lane, Rooms 329-331, London, WC2B 5RL, UK
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Habes D, Mahzia R, Nakhleh K, Joury E. Adherence of preventive oral care products in the Syrian market to evidence-based international recommendations. East Mediterr Health J 2016; 22:404-410. [PMID: 27686981 DOI: 10.26719/2016.22.6.404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
No study has investigated the availability and adherence of preventive oral care products on the Syrian market to evidence-based international recommendations. Data were collected in 2012, and updated in 2016, in terms of availability, characteristics and adherence to evidence-based international recommendations. Few preventive products adhered to the recommendations. Despite the large decrease in the number of oral care products on the Syrian market, due to the Syrian crisis, nonadherence of some of the available products is still present. A multisectorial approach at a policy level is needed to address such important limitations. The Syrian Ministry of Health should reform regulations for fluoride products to become subject to drug monitoring systems; the Syrian Arab Committee for Measurements and Standards needs to update its standards; and the Syrian General Dental Association should distribute a preventive booklet to dental practitioners.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Habes
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Damascus University, Damascus, Syrian Arab Republic
| | - R Mahzia
- Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Damascus University, Damascus, Syrian Arab Republic
| | - K Nakhleh
- Angle House Orthodontics, London, United Kingdom
| | - E Joury
- Population and Patient Health, King's College London Dental Institute, University of London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Damascus University, Damascus, Syrian Arab Republic
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Joury E, Khairallah M, Sabbah W, Elias K, Bedi R. Inequalities in the frequency of free sugars intake among Syrian 1-year-old infants: a cross-sectional study. BMC Oral Health 2016; 16:94. [PMID: 27608712 PMCID: PMC5017135 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-016-0287-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background High frequency of free sugars intake, during the first year of life is probably the greatest risk factor for early childhood caries. The latter is a global public health challenge. Very little is known about the social determinants of infant’s frequency of free sugars intake, particularly in low-income countries. Thus, the present study aimed to assess the association between the frequency of free sugars intake among 1-year-old Syrian infants and each of parents’ socioeconomic position (SEP), maternal frequency of free sugars intake and knowledge of infant’s oral health behaviour. Methods Using a cross-sectional design, 323 1-year-old infants, attending vaccination clinics in 3 maternal and child health centres (MCHCs) in Damascus, Syria, were selected. A systematic random sampling was applied using the MCHCs’ monthly vaccination registries. The 3 MCHCs were located in affluent, moderate and deprived areas. Infants’ mothers completed a structured questionnaire on socio-demographics, infant’s and mother’s frequency of free sugars intake from cariogenic foods and beverages, and mother’s knowledge about infant’s oral health behaviour. Binary and multiple regression analyses were performed. The level of significance was set at 5 %. Results The response rate was 100 %. Overall, 42.7 % of infants had high frequency of free sugars intake (>4times a day). Infants whose fathers were not working were more likely to have high frequency of free sugars intake. Similarly, infants whose mothers had low level of knowledge about infant’s oral health behaviour, or high frequency of free sugars intake were more likely to have high frequency of free sugars intake. The association between father’s occupation and infant’s frequency of free sugars intake attenuated after adjustment for mother’s knowledge and frequency of free sugars intake (adjusted OR = 1.5, 1.8, 3.2; 95%CI = 0.5–4.8, 1.1–3, 1.4–7.4; respectively). Conclusions There are socioeconomic inequalities in the frequency of free sugars intake among Syrian 1-year-old infants. Integrated pre/post-natal interventions, targeting mothers from low SEP and aiming at reducing their free sugars intake and improving their knowledge about infant’s oral health behaviour, will potentially reduce socioeconomic inequalities in infant’s frequency of free sugars intake.
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Joury E, Al-Kaabi R, Tappuni AR. Constructing public health policies in post crisis countries: lessons to learn from the associations between free-sugars consumption and diabetes, obesity and dental caries before, during and after sanctions in Iraq. Z Gesundh Wiss 2016; 24:563-569. [PMID: 27891303 PMCID: PMC5104787 DOI: 10.1007/s10389-016-0745-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background This article aims to provide evidence for an informed public health policy on free-sugar consumption in post-crisis countries. Methods Iraq was selected as a case study. A systematic search for published data on the prevalence/incidence of type-2 diabetes, overweight/obesity, dental caries and free-sugar consumption levels in Iraq was conducted using MEDLINE, the Iraqi Academic Scientific journals and relevant international organisations’ websites. Comparable data before (1980–1990), during (1991–2002) and after (2003–2015) the United Nations sanctions (UNS) were included. Results Ten studies were included. Quality scores ranged between 3 and 7/8. Free-sugar consumption decreased dramatically during the UNS (from 50 to 16.3 kg/person/year) and started increasing afterwards (24.1 kg/person/year). Changes in type-2 diabetes, overweight/obesity and caries levels mirrored those of free-sugar consumption. Caries declined markedly during UNS and started increasing afterwards. Comparable data on diabetes and overweight/obesity were only available for the periods during and after the UNS. Both of these conditions started increasing with increased free-sugar consumption after lifting the UNS. Conclusions There is a need to develop a public health policy in post-crisis countries to maintain the reduction in free-sugar consumption, and hence promote both general and dental health, by integrating the common risk factor approach into the social determinant framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Joury
- Population and Patient Health, King's College London Dental Institute, Denmark Hill Campus, Bessemer Road, London, SE5 9RS UK ; Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Turner Street, London, E1 2AD UK
| | - R Al-Kaabi
- Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Turner Street, London, E1 2AD UK ; Directorate of Preventive Health Affairs, Directorate General of Health, Duhok, Kurdistan Region Iraq
| | - Anwar R Tappuni
- Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Turner Street, London, E1 2AD UK
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Joury E. Community-based learning in a challenging context: the development and evaluation of an outreach dental public health programme in Damascus University, Syria. Eur J Dent Educ 2016; 20:39-44. [PMID: 25645370 DOI: 10.1111/eje.12140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to describe the development and evaluation of an outreach dental public health (DPH) programme in Damascus University, in terms of developing undergraduates' required knowledge, skills and attitudes (KSA), improving the quality aspects of training and assessment (T&A), and achieving the satisfaction of served children and their social network. METHODS The outreach DPH programme offered opportunities to undergraduates to carry out outreach health-promotion activities, conduct and communicate the results of applied DPH research, and build partnership with students in other higher education sectors. A cross-sectional evaluation collected mixed qualitative and quantitative data, by a means of a short-essay and a self-completed questionnaire, from 400 third-year dental undergraduates, on KSA gained from outreach activities and quality aspects of T&A. The latter were compared with corresponding figures of other traditional dental programmes (TDP). Satisfaction with the outreach activities were collected from 215 children with special needs and 130 parents and school staff, by questionnaires. RESULTS The response rates were 74.8%, 100% and 100% for undergraduates, children and parents/school staff, respectively. The derived categories of students' gained KSA included the following: unique clinical skills, social responsibility, voluntarism, communication, team working, personal growth, reflection on career aspirations and self-satisfaction with the contribution to needy groups. Their satisfaction with quality aspects of T&A was significantly higher than TDP (P < 0.001). Children's and parents/school staff's satisfaction was high. CONCLUSION The outreach DPH programme in Damascus University is a successful example of developing undergraduates' required KSA, improving the quality aspects of T&A, and achieving the satisfaction of served community.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Joury
- Oral Medicine Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
- Centre for Oral Growth and Development, Queen Mary University of London, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK
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Nour A, Joury E, Naja F, Hatahet W, Almanadili A. Diet and the risk of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas in a Syrian population: a case-control study. East Mediterr Health J 2015; 21:629-34. [PMID: 26450859 DOI: 10.26719/2015.21.9.629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Diet has not been investigated as a potential risk factor for head and neck squamous cell carcinomas in the Syrian Arab Republic. In a hospital-based, unmatched case-control study 108 people with cancer and 105 controls were interviewed about dietary intake using a validated food frequency questionnaire in Arabic. Sociodemographic and health risk behavioural information were collected by a self-completed questionnaire. Adjusting for age, sex, education level, working status and tobacco smoking, the multiple regression analysis showed that low intake of vegetables (OR 3.8; 95% CI: 1.57-9.10), cereal/cereal products (OR 2.6; 95% CI: 1.12-5.99) and high-caffeine beverages (OR 3.2; 95% CI: 1.34-7.43) increased the risk of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas, whereas a low level of fats and oils intake decreased the risk (OR 0.6; 95% CI: 0.24-1.30). These findings should be considered in national health promotion programmes in the Syrian Arab Republic.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nour
- Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Damascus, Damascus, Syrian Arab Republic
| | - E Joury
- Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Damascus, Damascus, Syrian Arab Republic; Centre for Oral Growth and Development, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - F Naja
- Nutrition and Food Sciences Department, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - W Hatahet
- World Health Organization, Country Office, Iraq
| | - A Almanadili
- Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Damascus, Damascus, Syrian Arab Republic
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Barngkgei I, Joury E, Jawad A. An innovative approach in osteoporosis opportunistic screening by the dental practitioner: the use of cervical vertebrae and cone beam computed tomography with its viewer program. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2015; 120:651-9. [PMID: 26453386 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2015.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Revised: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the use of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) for predicting osteoporosis based on the cervical vertebrae CBCT-derived radiographic density (RD) using the CBCT-viewer program. STUDY DESIGN CBCT scans (WhiteFox, de Gotzen S.r.l device, distributed by Satelec-Acteon Group, Italy) and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry examinations of 38 women who participated in an earlier investigation were examined. A coronal slice, subjectively determined from the cervical vertebrae, was selected and the RD as gray values for the first and second vertebrae, and the dens was calculated by using CBCT-viewer software (WhiteFox imaging). RESULTS The CBCT-derived RD values of the dens and the left part of the first cervical vertebra showed the strongest correlation coefficients (r=0.7, 0.6; P<.001) and the highest sensitivity (76.9%, 70%), specificity (92%, 92.9%), and accuracy (90.8%, 86.4%) in predicting osteoporosis in the lumbar vertebrae and the femoral neck, respectively. CONCLUSIONS CBCT-derived RD of cervical vertebrae can predict osteoporosis status using a CBCT-viewer program. This finding should be confirmed on other CBCT devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imad Barngkgei
- Oral Medicine Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria.
| | - Easter Joury
- Assistant Professor of Dental Public Health and Oral Epidemiology, Oral Medicine Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria; Centre for Oral Growth and Development, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ali Jawad
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom; Royal London Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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Johal A, Joury E. What factors predict the uptake of orthodontic treatment among adults? Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2015; 147:704-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2015.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Revised: 01/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Joury E. Constructing hope and peace in Syrian dental education during the country's time of difficulty: Success in Syrian smiles. Educ Health (Abingdon) 2014; 27:71-72. [PMID: 24934951 DOI: 10.4103/1357-6283.134326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Easter Joury
- Assistant Professor of Dental Public Health and Oral Epidemiology in Damascus University, Damascus, Syria; Founder of Syrian Smiles Project,
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Joury E, Marcenes W, Johal A. The role of psychosocial factors in predicting orthodontic treatment outcome at the end of 1 year of active treatment. Eur J Orthod 2011; 35:205-15. [PMID: 21965182 DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjr111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E Joury
- Centre for Clinical and Diagnostic Oral Sciences and Department of Oral Growth and Development, Queen Mary's School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of London, UK.
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Joury E, Johal A, Marcenes W. The role of socio-economic position in predicting orthodontic treatment outcome at the end of 1 year of active treatment. Eur J Orthod 2010; 33:263-9. [DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjq080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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