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Regev J, Gadot Y, Uziel J, Chalaf O, Shalev Y, Roth H, Shalom N, Szanton N, Bocher E, Pearson CL, Brown DM, Mintz E, Regev L, Boaretto E. Radiocarbon chronology of Iron Age Jerusalem reveals calibration offsets and architectural developments. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2321024121. [PMID: 38683984 PMCID: PMC11087761 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2321024121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Reconstructing the absolute chronology of Jerusalem during the time it served as the Judahite Kingdom's capital is challenging due to its dense, still inhabited urban nature and the plateau shape of the radiocarbon calibration curve during part of this period. We present 103 radiocarbon dates from reliable archaeological contexts in five excavation areas of Iron Age Jerusalem, which tie between archaeology and biblical history. We exploit Jerusalem's rich past, including textual evidence and vast archaeological remains, to overcome difficult problems in radiocarbon dating, including establishing a detailed chronology within the long-calibrated ranges of the Hallstatt Plateau and recognizing short-lived regional offsets in atmospheric 14C concentrations. The key to resolving these problems is to apply stringent field methodologies using microarchaeological methods, leading to densely radiocarbon-dated stratigraphic sequences. Using these sequences, we identify regional offsets in atmospheric 14C concentrations c. 720 BC, and in the historically secure stratigraphic horizon of the Babylonian destruction in 586 BC. The latter is verified by 100 single-ring measurements between 624 to 572 BC. This application of intense 14C dating sheds light on the reconstruction of Jerusalem in the Iron Age. It provides evidence for settlement in the 12th to 10th centuries BC and that westward expansion had already begun by the 9th century BC, with extensive architectural projects undertaken throughout the city in this period. This was followed by significant damage and rejuvenation of the city subsequent to the mid-eight century BC earthquake, after which the city was heavily fortified and continued to flourish until the Babylonian destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Regev
- Dangoor Research Accelerator Mass Spectrometer Radiocarbon Laboratory, Scientific Archaeology Unit, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot7610001, Israel
| | - Yuval Gadot
- The Department of Archaeology and Ancient Near Eastern Cultures, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv6997801, Israel
| | - Joe Uziel
- Israel Antiquities Authority, Jerusalem9100402, Israel
| | - Ortal Chalaf
- Israel Antiquities Authority, Jerusalem9100402, Israel
| | - Yiftah Shalev
- Israel Antiquities Authority, Jerusalem9100402, Israel
| | - Helena Roth
- The Department of Archaeology and Ancient Near Eastern Cultures, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv6997801, Israel
| | - Nitsan Shalom
- Dangoor Research Accelerator Mass Spectrometer Radiocarbon Laboratory, Scientific Archaeology Unit, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot7610001, Israel
- The Department of Archaeology and Ancient Near Eastern Cultures, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv6997801, Israel
| | | | - Efrat Bocher
- The Institute of Archaeology, The Faculty of Jewish Studies, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan9090000, Israel
| | | | - David M. Brown
- School of Natural and Built Environment, Archaeology and Palaeoecology, The Queen’s University, BelfastBT9 6AX, United Kingdom
| | - Eugenia Mintz
- Dangoor Research Accelerator Mass Spectrometer Radiocarbon Laboratory, Scientific Archaeology Unit, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot7610001, Israel
| | - Lior Regev
- Dangoor Research Accelerator Mass Spectrometer Radiocarbon Laboratory, Scientific Archaeology Unit, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot7610001, Israel
| | - Elisabetta Boaretto
- Dangoor Research Accelerator Mass Spectrometer Radiocarbon Laboratory, Scientific Archaeology Unit, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot7610001, Israel
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2
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Raj H, Ehrlich Y, Regev L, Mintz E, Boaretto E. Sub-annual bomb radiocarbon records from trees in northern Israel. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18851. [PMID: 37914845 PMCID: PMC10620229 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46144-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Spatial and temporal variations in the atmospheric bomb radiocarbon make it a very useful tracer and a dating tool. With the introduction of more atmospheric bomb radiocarbon records, the spatial and temporal changes in bomb radiocarbon are becoming clearer. Bomb radiocarbon record from a pine tree in the northern Israel region shows that the Δ14C level in the region is closer to the northern hemisphere zone (NH) 1 as compared to the northern hemisphere zone (NH) 2. A comparison of this pine's Δ14C record with a nearby olive tree's Δ14C values also highlights changes in the growing season of the olive wood from one year to the other. The observation suggests that olive wood 14C ages can show offset compared to the IntCal curve, and thus they should be interpreted cautiously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harsh Raj
- D-REAMS Radiocarbon Laboratory, Scientific Archaeology Unit, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
| | - Yael Ehrlich
- D-REAMS Radiocarbon Laboratory, Scientific Archaeology Unit, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Lior Regev
- D-REAMS Radiocarbon Laboratory, Scientific Archaeology Unit, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Eugenia Mintz
- D-REAMS Radiocarbon Laboratory, Scientific Archaeology Unit, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Elisabetta Boaretto
- D-REAMS Radiocarbon Laboratory, Scientific Archaeology Unit, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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3
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Ibrahim J, Rechav K, Boaretto E, Weiner S. Three dimensional structures of the inner and outer pig petrous bone using FIB-SEM: Implications for development and ancient DNA preservation. J Struct Biol 2023; 215:107998. [PMID: 37422275 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2023.107998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
We report on the 3D ultrastructure of the mineralized petrous bone of mature pig using focused ion beam - scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM). We divide the petrous bone into two zones based on the degree of mineralization; one zone close to the otic chamber has higher mineral density than the second zone further away from the otic chamber. The hypermineralization of the petrous bone results in the collagen D-banding being poorly revealed in the lower mineral density zone (LMD), and absent in the high mineral density zone (HMD). We therefore could not use D-banding to decipher the 3D structure of the collagen assembly. Instead we exploited the anisotropy option in the Dragonfly image processing software to visualize the less mineralized collagen fibrils and/or nanopores that surround the more mineralized zones known as tesselles. This approach therefore indirectly tracks the orientations of the collagen fibrils in the matrix itself. We show that the HMD bone has a structure similar to that of woven bone, and the LMD is composed of lamellar bone with a plywood-like structural motif. This agrees with the fact that the bone close to the otic chamber is fetal bone and is not remodeled. The lamellar structure of the bone further away from the otic chamber is consistent with modeling/remodeling. The absence of the less mineralized collagen fibrils and nanopores resulting from the confluence of the mineral tesselles may contribute to shielding DNA during diagenesis. We show that anisotropy evaluation of the less mineralized collagen fibrils could be a useful tool to analyze bone ultrastructures and in particular the directionality of collagen fibril bundles that make up the bone matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamal Ibrahim
- Scientific Archaeology Unit, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Katya Rechav
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Elisabetta Boaretto
- Scientific Archaeology Unit, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Steve Weiner
- Department of Chemical and Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.
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4
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Toffolo MB, Pinkas I, Gallo AÁ, Boaretto E. Crystallinity assessment of anthropogenic calcites using Raman micro-spectroscopy. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12971. [PMID: 37563197 PMCID: PMC10415260 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39842-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthropogenic calcite is a form of calcium carbonate produced through pyrotechnological activities, and it is the main component of materials such as lime binders and wood ash. This type of calcite is characterized by a significantly lower degree of crystallinity compared with its geogenic counterparts, as a result of different formation processes. The crystallinity of calcite can be determined using infrared spectroscopy in transmission mode, which allows decoupling particle size effect from atomic order and thus effectively distinguish anthropogenic and geogenic calcites. On the contrary, Raman micro-spectroscopy is still in the process of developing a reference framework for the assessment of crystallinity in calcite. Band broadening has been identified as one of the proxies for crystallinity in the Raman spectra of geogenic and anthropogenic calcites. Here we analyze the full width at half maximum of calcite bands in various geogenic and anthropogenic materials, backed against an independent crystallinity reference based on infrared spectroscopy. Results are then used to assess the crystallinity of anthropogenic calcite in archaeological lime binders characterized by different states of preservation, including samples affected by the formation of secondary calcite, and tested on micromorphology thin sections in which lime binders are embedded in sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B Toffolo
- Geochronology and Geology Program, Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana (CENIEH), Paseo Sierra de Atapuerca 3, 09002, Burgos, Spain.
| | - Iddo Pinkas
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, 234 Herzl Street, 7610001, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ana Álvaro Gallo
- Geochronology and Geology Program, Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana (CENIEH), Paseo Sierra de Atapuerca 3, 09002, Burgos, Spain
| | - Elisabetta Boaretto
- D-REAMS Radiocarbon Dating Laboratory, Scientific Archaeology Unit, Weizmann Institute of Science, 234 Herzl Street, 7610001, Rehovot, Israel
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Cohen P, Bacilieri R, Ramos-Madrigal J, Privman E, Boaretto E, Weber A, Fuks D, Weiss E, Erickson-Gini T, Bucking S, Tepper Y, Cvikel D, Schmidt J, Gilbert MTP, Wales N, Bar-Oz G, Meiri M. Ancient DNA from a lost Negev Highlands desert grape reveals a Late Antiquity wine lineage. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2213563120. [PMID: 37068234 PMCID: PMC10151551 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2213563120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent excavations of Late Antiquity settlements in the Negev Highlands of southern Israel uncovered a society that established commercial-scale viticulture in an arid environment [D. Fuks et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 117, 19780-19791 (2020)]. We applied target-enriched genome-wide sequencing and radiocarbon dating to examine grapevine pips that were excavated at three of these sites. Our analyses revealed centuries long and continuous grape cultivation in the Southern Levant. The genetically diverse pips also provided clues to ancient cultivation strategies aimed at improving agricultural productivity and ensuring food security. Applying genomic prediction analysis, a pip dated to the eighth century CE was determined to likely be from a white grape, to date the oldest to be identified. In a kinship analysis, another pip was found to be descendant from a modern Greek cultivar and was thus linked with several popular historic wines that were once traded across the Byzantine Empire. These findings shed light on historical Byzantine trading networks and on the genetic contribution of Levantine varieties to the classic Aegean landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pnina Cohen
- The Steinhardt Museum of Natural History and Israel National Center for Biodiversity Studies, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Roberto Bacilieri
- UMR Amélioration génétique et adaptation de plantes Institut, Univ Montpellier, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, Institut national de recherche pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement, Institut Agro, F-34398 Montpellier, France
| | - Jazmín Ramos-Madrigal
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Center for Evolutionary Hologenomics, The Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, 1353 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Eyal Privman
- Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology, Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel
| | - Elisabetta Boaretto
- Max Planck-Weizmann Center for Integrative Archaeology and Anthropology, Dangoor Research Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Audrey Weber
- UMR Amélioration génétique et adaptation de plantes Institut, Univ Montpellier, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, Institut national de recherche pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement, Institut Agro, F-34398 Montpellier, France
| | - Daniel Fuks
- Department of Archaeology, McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, Cambridge CB2 3ER, UK
| | - Ehud Weiss
- The Martin (Szusz) Department of Land of Israel Studies and Archaeology, Bar-Ilan University, 52900 Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Tali Erickson-Gini
- Archaeological Division, Israel Antiquities Authority, 61012 Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Scott Bucking
- Department of History, DePaul University, Chicago, IL 60614
| | - Yotam Tepper
- Department of Archaeology, Zinman Institute of Archaeology, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498837, Israel
| | - Deborah Cvikel
- Department of Maritime Civilizations, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa 3498838, Israel
- The Leon Recanati Institute for Maritime Studies, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa 3498838, Israel
| | - Joshua Schmidt
- Department of Archaeology, Zinman Institute of Archaeology, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498837, Israel
| | - M Thomas P Gilbert
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Center for Evolutionary Hologenomics, The Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, 1353 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, University Museum, 7012 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Nathan Wales
- Department of Archaeology, University of York, York YO1 7EP, United Kingdom
| | - Guy Bar-Oz
- School of Archaeology and Maritime Cultures, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa 3498837, Israel
| | - Meirav Meiri
- The Steinhardt Museum of Natural History and Israel National Center for Biodiversity Studies, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
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6
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Shemer M, Boaretto E, Greenbaum N, Bar-Yosef Mayer DE, Tejero JM, Langgut D, Gnezdilov DL, Barzilai O, Marder O, Marom N. Early Upper Paleolithic cultural variability in the Southern Levant: New evidence from Nahal Rahaf 2 Rockshelter, Judean Desert, Israel. J Hum Evol 2023; 178:103342. [PMID: 36934495 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2023.103342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
The Levantine Early Upper Paleolithic (ca. 45-30 ka) has been a focus of research because of its unique position as a conduit of human, flora, and fauna species between Africa and Eurasia. Studies have mainly focused on the Early Ahmarian and Levantine Aurignacian, two entities, the former endemic and the latter foreign, which are considered to have coinhabited the region during that period. However, other cultural entities, such as the Atlitian in the Mediterranean region and the Arkov-Divshon in the arid regions of the southern Levant received less attention, and accordingly, suffer from broad definitions and chronological insecurity. These cultures hold potential insights regarding nuanced adaptations, reciprocal influences, and diachronic assimilation processes. The recently discovered site of Nahal Rahaf 2 Rockshelter in the Judean Desert provides integral information on one of these entities-the Arkov-Divshon. Two excavation seasons revealed a sequence of archaeological layers, with lithic assemblages in which laterally carinated items were prominent. Alongside rich faunal assemblages, other components of the material culture include perforated marine shells and bone tools, marking the first association of these elements with Arkov-Divshon and implying some degree of contact with the Mediterranean regions of the Levant. Good preservation of organic materials allowed radiocarbon dating of the human occupation at the site to ca. 37.5-34.0 ka cal BP, indicating chronological overlap with the Levantine Aurignacian, and possibly also with the latest phases of the Early Ahmarian. Thus, challenging the validity of the widely accepted 'Two Tradition' Model of the Levantine Upper Paleolithic. Lithic analyses suggest the use of one main reduction sequence and the primary production of bladelets from carinated items. Faunal remains suggest targeted hunting of ibex and gazelle. Botanical remains and sedimentary analyses suggest roughly similar environmental conditions, with a possible woodier environment in the surroundings of the site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maayan Shemer
- Department of Bible, Archaeology and the Ancient Near East, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 653, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel; Archaeological Research Department, Israel Antiquities Authority, P.O. Box 586, Jerusalem 9100402, Israel.
| | - Elisabetta Boaretto
- Dangoor Research Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Noam Greenbaum
- Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel
| | - Daniella E Bar-Yosef Mayer
- The Steinhardt Museum of Natural History, Institute of Archaeology, Tel Aviv University, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel; The Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, Harvard University, 11 Divinity Ave., Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Jose-Miguel Tejero
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, Wien Biocenter, Djerassiplat 1, 1030, Vienna, Austria; Human Evolution and Archaeological Sciences (HEAS), University of Vienna, Djerassiplat 1, 1030, Vienna, Austria; Seminari d'Estudis I Recerques Prehistòriques (SERP), Universitat de Barcelona, C/ Montalegre 6, 08001, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dafna Langgut
- The Laboratory of Archaeobotany and Ancient Environments, Institute of Archaeology, The Steinhardt Museum of Natural History, Tel Aviv University, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Dariya Lokshin Gnezdilov
- Laboratory of Archaeozoology, School of Archaeology and Maritime Cultures, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel
| | - Omry Barzilai
- Archaeological Research Department, Israel Antiquities Authority, P.O. Box 586, Jerusalem 9100402, Israel
| | - Ofer Marder
- Department of Bible, Archaeology and the Ancient Near East, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 653, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Nimrod Marom
- Laboratory of Archaeozoology, School of Archaeology and Maritime Cultures, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel
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7
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Barzilai O, Oron M, Porat N, White D, Timms R, Blockley S, Zular A, Avni Y, Faershtein G, Weiner S, Boaretto E. Expansion of eastern Mediterranean Middle Paleolithic into the desert region in early marine isotopic stage 5. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4466. [PMID: 35296701 PMCID: PMC8927120 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08296-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Marine Isotopic Stage 5 is associated with wetter climatic conditions in the Saharo-Arabian deserts. This stage also corresponds to the establishment of Middle Paleolithic hominins and their associated material culture in two geographical provinces in southwest Asia—the Eastern Mediterranean woodland and the Arabian Peninsula desert. The lithic industry of the Eastern Mediterranean is characterized by the centripetal Levallois method, whereas the Nubian Levallois method characterizes the populations of the Arabian desert. The Negev Desert, situated between these regions is a key area to comprehend population movement in correlation to climatic zones. This investigation addresses the nature of the Middle Paleolithic settlement in the Negev Desert during MIS 5 by studying the site of Nahal Aqev. High resolution chronological results based on luminescence dating and cryptotephra show the site was occupied from MIS 5e to MIS 5d. The lithic industries at Nahal Aqev are dominated by centripetal Levallois core method. These data demonstrate that Nahal Aqev is much closer in its cultural attributes to the Eastern Mediterranean Middle Paleolithic than to the Arabian Desert entity. We conclude that Nahal Aqev represents an expansion of Middle Paleolithic groups from the Mediterranean woodland into the desert, triggered by better climatic conditions. These groups possibly interacted with hominin groups bearing the Nubian core tradition from the vast region of Arabia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omry Barzilai
- Archaeological Research Department, Israel Antiquities Authority, POB 586, 91004, Jerusalem, Israel. .,Max Planck-Weizmann Center for Integrative Archaeology and Anthropology, DANGOOR Research Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001, Rehovot, Israel.
| | - Maya Oron
- Archaeological Research Department, Israel Antiquities Authority, POB 586, 91004, Jerusalem, Israel.,Institute of Archaeology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Mt. Scopus, 91905, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Naomi Porat
- Geological Survey of Israel, 32 Yesha'ayahu Leibowitz St., 9692100, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Dustin White
- Centre for Quaternary Research, Department of Geography, University of London, Egham, UK.,Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, UK
| | - Rhys Timms
- Centre for Quaternary Research, Department of Geography, University of London, Egham, UK
| | - Simon Blockley
- Centre for Quaternary Research, Department of Geography, University of London, Egham, UK
| | - André Zular
- Max Planck-Weizmann Center for Integrative Archaeology and Anthropology, DANGOOR Research Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yoav Avni
- Geological Survey of Israel, 32 Yesha'ayahu Leibowitz St., 9692100, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Galina Faershtein
- Geological Survey of Israel, 32 Yesha'ayahu Leibowitz St., 9692100, Jerusalem, Israel.,Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Steve Weiner
- Max Planck-Weizmann Center for Integrative Archaeology and Anthropology, DANGOOR Research Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Elisabetta Boaretto
- Max Planck-Weizmann Center for Integrative Archaeology and Anthropology, DANGOOR Research Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001, Rehovot, Israel.
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8
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Ehrlich Y, Regev L, Boaretto E. Discovery of annual growth in a modern olive branch based on carbon isotopes and implications for the Bronze Age volcanic eruption of Santorini. Sci Rep 2021; 11:704. [PMID: 33436660 PMCID: PMC7804959 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79024-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The volcanic eruption of Santorini in the Bronze Age left detectable debris across the Mediterranean, serving as an anchor in time for the region, synchronizing chronologies of different sites. However, dating the eruption has been elusive for decades, as radiocarbon indicates a date about a century earlier than archaeological chronologies. The identification of annual rings by CT in a charred olive branch, buried alive beneath the tephra on Santorini, was key in radiocarbon dating the eruption. Here, we detect a verified annual growth in a modern olive branch for the first time, using stable isotope analysis and high-resolution radiocarbon dating, identifying down to the growing season in some years. The verified growth is largely visible by CT, both in the branch's fresh and charred forms. Although these results support the validity of the Santorini branch date, we observed some chronological anomalies in modern olive and simulated possible date range scenarios of the volcanic eruption of Santorini, given these observed phenomena. The results offer a way to reconcile this long-standing debate towards a mid-sixteenth century BCE date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Ehrlich
- grid.13992.300000 0004 0604 7563D-REAMS Radiocarbon Laboratory, Scientific Archaeology Unit, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Lior Regev
- grid.13992.300000 0004 0604 7563D-REAMS Radiocarbon Laboratory, Scientific Archaeology Unit, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel ,grid.13992.300000 0004 0604 7563Max Planck-Weizmann Center for Integrative Archaeology and Anthropology, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Elisabetta Boaretto
- grid.13992.300000 0004 0604 7563D-REAMS Radiocarbon Laboratory, Scientific Archaeology Unit, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel ,grid.13992.300000 0004 0604 7563Max Planck-Weizmann Center for Integrative Archaeology and Anthropology, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
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Berna F, Boaretto E, Wiebe MC, Goder-Goldberger M, Abulafia T, Lavi R, Barzilai O, Marder O, Weiner S. Site formation processes at Manot Cave, Israel: Interplay between strata accumulation in the occupation area and the talus. J Hum Evol 2020; 160:102883. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2020.102883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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10
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Caracuta V, Alex B, Regev L, Regev J, Mintz E, Barzilai O, Hershkovitz I, Boaretto E. The Marine Isotope Stage 3 landscape around Manot Cave (Israel) and the food habits of anatomically modern humans: New insights from the anthracological record and stable carbon isotope analysis of wild almond (Amygdalus sp.). J Hum Evol 2020; 160:102868. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2020.102868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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11
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Castagneri D, Carrer M, Regev L, Boaretto E. Precipitation variability differently affects radial growth, xylem traits and ring porosity of three Mediterranean oak species at xeric and mesic sites. Sci Total Environ 2020; 699:134285. [PMID: 31520941 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In the Mediterranean basin, diffuse-porous, semi-ring-porous and ring-porous tree species coexist in the same regions. Climate change might differently affect these types, but a mechanistic understanding of drought effects on their xylem structure is lacking. We investigated tree-ring width and xylem functional traits in ring-porous Quercus boissieri, semi-ring-porous Q. ithaburensis and diffuse-porous Q. calliprinos, at xeric (Galilee) and mesic (Golan) sites in the South-Eastern Mediterranean basin. We quantitatively assessed how dry and wet years affect growth and xylem traits in different porosity type oaks, and evaluated whether porosity type is preserved or altered during these years. We measured, counted or computed tree-ring width, vessel number, maximum lumen area, frequency, tree-ring and xylem theoretical hydraulic conductivity along 40-year ring series of 50 trees in total. We also quantified ring porosity in each year using two indices, the Gini coefficient and the porosity ratio of vessel area, and described vessel area intra-ring variations by distribution profiles. We then compared these parameters in the five driest and five wettest years of the 40-year period. Radial growth and functional trait variations were more similar between species in the same site (strong drought effects in Q. ithaburensis and Q. calliprinos in Galilee, moderate effects in Q. boissieri and Q. calliprinos in Golan) than between sites for the same species (Q. calliprinos was more affected in Galilee than in Golan). Ring porosity indices and distribution profiles showed that diffuse-porous xylem structure of Q. calliprinos was maintained even under dry conditions at both sites. However, Q. boissieri xylem shifted from ring-porous in wet and normal years to semi-ring-porous in dry years, i.e. the porous ring cannot be completely built under water constraint. This suggests that ring porous strategy, typical of temperate regions with strong seasonality, might not be realized under future drier conditions in the Mediterranean basin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Castagneri
- Università degli Studi di Padova, Dept. TeSAF, Via dell'Università 16, I-35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Marco Carrer
- Università degli Studi di Padova, Dept. TeSAF, Via dell'Università 16, I-35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Lior Regev
- Weizmann Institute of Science, Center for Integrative Archaeology and Anthropology, Herzl St 234, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel.
| | - Elisabetta Boaretto
- Weizmann Institute of Science, Center for Integrative Archaeology and Anthropology, Herzl St 234, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
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12
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Maghradze D, Aslanishvili A, Mdinaradze I, Tkemaladze D, Mekhuzla L, Lordkipanidze D, Jalabadze M, Kvavadze E, Rusishvili N, McGovern P, This P, Bacilieri R, Failla O, Cola G, Mariani L, Toffolatti S, Lorenzis GD, Bianco P, Quaglino F, Wales N, Gilbert M, Bouby L, Kazeli T, Ujmajuridze L, Mamasakhlisashili L, Batiuk S, Graham A, Boaretto E, Cheishvili A, Davitashvili AL. Progress for research of grape and wine culture in Georgia, the South Caucasus. BIO Web Conf 2019. [DOI: 10.1051/bioconf/20191203003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
This communication will provide the latest information about the progress of the “Research Project for the Study of Georgian Grapes and Wine Culture”, managed by the National Wine Agency of Georgia since 2014. Local and foreign institutions continue to work together with the aim of stimulating multidisciplinary scientific research activity on Georgian viticulture and viniculture and to reconstruct their development from Neolithic civilizations to the present. The project is multidisciplinary in nature, merging contributions from archaeology, history, ethnography, molecular genetics, biomolecular archaeology, palaeobotany, ampelography, enology, climatology and other scientific fields.
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13
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Ehrlich Y, Regev L, Boaretto E. Radiocarbon analysis of modern olive wood raises doubts concerning a crucial piece of evidence in dating the Santorini eruption. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11841. [PMID: 30093696 PMCID: PMC6085306 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29392-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Charred olive wood is abundant in the archaeological record, especially around the Mediterranean. As the outermost ring closest to the bark is assumed to represent the latest time that the tree was alive, the radiocarbon date obtained from the outermost rings of an olive branch buried during the Santorini volcanic eruption is regarded as crucial evidence for the date of this cataclysmic event. The date of this eruption has far reaching consequences in the archaeology of the Aegean, Egypt and the Levant, and the understanding of their interconnections. We analyzed the radiocarbon concentrations in cross-sections from a modern olive tree trunk as well as from a living branch, and obtained near-annual resolution dates using the radiocarbon “bomb peak”. In both cases we show that radiocarbon dates of the last formed wood along the circumference are not chronologically homogenous, and can differ by up to a few decades. Thus the outermost wood layer does not necessarily represent the date of the last year of growth. These findings challenge the interpretation of the results obtained from dating the olive branch from the Santorini volcanic eruption, as it could predate the eruption by a few decades. In addition, our results are also significant for any future studies based on archaeologically preserved olive wood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Ehrlich
- D-REAMS Radiocarbon Laboratory, Kimmel Center for Archaeological Science, Scientific Archaeology Unit, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Lior Regev
- D-REAMS Radiocarbon Laboratory, Kimmel Center for Archaeological Science, Scientific Archaeology Unit, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Elisabetta Boaretto
- D-REAMS Radiocarbon Laboratory, Kimmel Center for Archaeological Science, Scientific Archaeology Unit, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel.
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14
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Ehrlich Y, Regev L, Kerem Z, Boaretto E. Radiocarbon Dating of an Olive Tree Cross-Section: New Insights on Growth Patterns and Implications for Age Estimation of Olive Trees. Front Plant Sci 2017; 8:1918. [PMID: 29176987 PMCID: PMC5686044 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The age of living massive olive trees is often assumed to be between hundreds and even thousands of years. These estimations are usually based on the girth of the trunk and an extrapolation based on a theoretical annual growth rate. It is difficult to objectively verify these claims, as a monumental tree may not be cut down for analysis of its cross-section. In addition, the inner and oldest part of the trunk in olive trees usually rots, precluding the possibility of carting out radiocarbon analysis of material from the first years of life of the tree. In this work we present a cross-section of an olive tree, previously estimated to be hundreds of years old, which was cut down post-mortem in 2013. The cross-section was radiocarbon dated at numerous points following the natural growth pattern, which was made possible to observe by viewing the entire cross-section. Annual growth rate values were calculated and compared between different radii. The cross-section also revealed a nearly independent segment of growth, which would clearly offset any estimations based solely on girth calculations. Multiple piths were identified, indicating the beginning of branching within the trunk. Different radii were found to have comparable growth rates, resulting in similar estimates dating the piths to the 19th century. The estimated age of the piths represent a terminus ante quem for the age of the tree, as these are piths of separate branches. However, the tree is likely not many years older than the dated piths, and certainly not centuries older. The oldest radiocarbon-datable material in this cross-section was less than 200 years old, which is in agreement with most other radiocarbon dates of internal wood from living olive trees, rarely older than 300 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Ehrlich
- D-REAMS Radiocarbon Laboratory, Kimmel Center for Archaeological Science, Scientific Archaeology Unit, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Lior Regev
- D-REAMS Radiocarbon Laboratory, Kimmel Center for Archaeological Science, Scientific Archaeology Unit, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Zohar Kerem
- The Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Elisabetta Boaretto
- D-REAMS Radiocarbon Laboratory, Kimmel Center for Archaeological Science, Scientific Archaeology Unit, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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15
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Alex B, Barzilai O, Hershkovitz I, Marder O, Berna F, Caracuta V, Abulafia T, Davis L, Goder-Goldberger M, Lavi R, Mintz E, Regev L, Bar-Yosef Mayer D, Tejero JM, Yeshurun R, Ayalon A, Bar-Matthews M, Yasur G, Frumkin A, Latimer B, Hans MG, Boaretto E. Radiocarbon chronology of Manot Cave, Israel and Upper Paleolithic dispersals. Sci Adv 2017; 3:e1701450. [PMID: 29152566 PMCID: PMC5687856 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1701450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The timing of archeological industries in the Levant is central for understanding the spread of modern humans with Upper Paleolithic traditions. We report a high-resolution radiocarbon chronology for Early Upper Paleolithic industries (Early Ahmarian and Levantine Aurignacian) from the newly excavated site of Manot Cave, Israel. The dates confirm that the Early Ahmarian industry was present by 46,000 calibrated years before the present (cal BP), and the Levantine Aurignacian occurred at least between 38,000 and 34,000 cal BP. This timing is consistent with proposed migrations or technological diffusions between the Near East and Europe. Specifically, the Ahmarian could have led to the development of the Protoaurignacian in Europe, and the Aurignacian in Europe could have spread back to the Near East as the Levantine Aurignacian.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget Alex
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Omry Barzilai
- Archaeological Research Department, Israel Antiquities Authority, POB 586, Jerusalem 91004, Israel
| | - Israel Hershkovitz
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Dan David Center for Human Evolution and Biohistory Research, Shmunis Family Anthropology Institute, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- The Steinhardt Museum of Natural History, Tel Aviv University, PO Box 39040, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Ofer Marder
- Department of Bible, Archaeology and the Ancient Near East, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, PO Box 653, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Francesco Berna
- Department of Archaeology, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Valentina Caracuta
- Laboratory of Archaeobotany and Palaeoecology, University of Salento, Lecce 73100, Italy
- Max Planck-Weizmann Center for Integrative Archaeology and Anthropology, DANGOOR Research Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Talia Abulafia
- Department of Bible, Archaeology and the Ancient Near East, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, PO Box 653, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Lauren Davis
- Department of Bible, Archaeology and the Ancient Near East, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, PO Box 653, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Mae Goder-Goldberger
- Department of Bible, Archaeology and the Ancient Near East, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, PO Box 653, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Ron Lavi
- 8 Dan Street, Modi′in 7173161, Israel
| | - Eugenia Mintz
- Max Planck-Weizmann Center for Integrative Archaeology and Anthropology, DANGOOR Research Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Lior Regev
- Max Planck-Weizmann Center for Integrative Archaeology and Anthropology, DANGOOR Research Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Daniella Bar-Yosef Mayer
- The Steinhardt Museum of Natural History, Tel Aviv University, PO Box 39040, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Institute of Archaeology, Tel Aviv University, PO Box 39040, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, Harvard University, Cambridge MA 02138, U.S.A
| | - José-Miguel Tejero
- CNRS, UMR 7041, ArScAn équipe Ethnologie préhistorique, 92023 Nanterre, France
- Seminari d’Estudis I Recerques Prehistòriques, Universitat de Barcelona, 08001 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Reuven Yeshurun
- Zinman Institute of Archaeology, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel
| | - Avner Ayalon
- Geological Survey of Israel, 30 Malkhe Israel Street, Jerusalem 95501, Israel
| | - Mira Bar-Matthews
- Geological Survey of Israel, 30 Malkhe Israel Street, Jerusalem 95501, Israel
| | - Gal Yasur
- Geological Survey of Israel, 30 Malkhe Israel Street, Jerusalem 95501, Israel
| | - Amos Frumkin
- Institute of Earth Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Bruce Latimer
- Department of Orthodontics, Case Western Reserve University School of Dental Medicine, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Anatomy, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Mark G. Hans
- Department of Orthodontics, Case Western Reserve University School of Dental Medicine, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Elisabetta Boaretto
- Max Planck-Weizmann Center for Integrative Archaeology and Anthropology, DANGOOR Research Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
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16
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Oxilia G, Fiorillo F, Boschin F, Boaretto E, Apicella SA, Matteucci C, Panetta D, Pistocchi R, Guerrini F, Margherita C, Andretta M, Sorrentino R, Boschian G, Arrighi S, Dori I, Mancuso G, Crezzini J, Riga A, Serrangeli MC, Vazzana A, Salvadori PA, Vandini M, Tozzi C, Moroni A, Feeney RNM, Willman JC, Moggi-Cecchi J, Benazzi S. Letter to the editor: Reply to Hardy & Buckley: Earliest evidence of bitumen from Homo sp. teeth is from El Sidro'n. Am J Phys Anthropol 2017; 164:214-215. [PMID: 28568077 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gregorio Oxilia
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Firenze, 50122, Italy.,Laboratory of Anthropology, Department of Cultural Heritage, University of Bologna, Ravenna, 48121, Italy
| | - Flavia Fiorillo
- Conservation Science Laboratory for Cultural Heritage, Department of Cultural Heritage, University of Bologna, Ravenna, 48121, Italy
| | - Francesco Boschin
- Study Centre for the Quaternary Period (CeSQ), I - 52037, Sansepolcro (Arezzo), Italy.,Department of Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment, University of Siena, Research Unit in Prehistory and Anthropology, Siena, 53100, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Boaretto
- D-REAMS Radiocarbon Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, Max Planck-Weizmann Center for Integrative Archaeology and Anthropology, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Salvatore A Apicella
- Conservation Science Laboratory for Cultural Heritage, Department of Cultural Heritage, University of Bologna, Ravenna, 48121, Italy
| | - Chiara Matteucci
- Conservation Science Laboratory for Cultural Heritage, Department of Cultural Heritage, University of Bologna, Ravenna, 48121, Italy
| | - Daniele Panetta
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, IFC-CNR, Pisa, 56124, Italy
| | - Rossella Pistocchi
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Ravenna, 48123, Italy
| | - Franca Guerrini
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Ravenna, 48123, Italy
| | - Cristiana Margherita
- Laboratory of Anthropology, Department of Cultural Heritage, University of Bologna, Ravenna, 48121, Italy
| | | | - Rita Sorrentino
- Laboratory of Anthropology, Department of Cultural Heritage, University of Bologna, Ravenna, 48121, Italy.,Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences-BiGeA University of Bologna, Bologna, 40126, Italy
| | | | - Simona Arrighi
- Study Centre for the Quaternary Period (CeSQ), I - 52037, Sansepolcro (Arezzo), Italy.,Department of Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment, University of Siena, Research Unit in Prehistory and Anthropology, Siena, 53100, Italy
| | - Irene Dori
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Firenze, 50122, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Mancuso
- Laboratory of Anthropology, Department of Cultural Heritage, University of Bologna, Ravenna, 48121, Italy
| | - Jacopo Crezzini
- Study Centre for the Quaternary Period (CeSQ), I - 52037, Sansepolcro (Arezzo), Italy.,Department of Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment, University of Siena, Research Unit in Prehistory and Anthropology, Siena, 53100, Italy
| | - Alessandro Riga
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Firenze, 50122, Italy
| | - Maria C Serrangeli
- Laboratory of Anthropology, Department of Cultural Heritage, University of Bologna, Ravenna, 48121, Italy
| | - Antonino Vazzana
- Laboratory of Anthropology, Department of Cultural Heritage, University of Bologna, Ravenna, 48121, Italy
| | | | - Mariangela Vandini
- Conservation Science Laboratory for Cultural Heritage, Department of Cultural Heritage, University of Bologna, Ravenna, 48121, Italy
| | - Carlo Tozzi
- Department of Civilisations and Forms of Knowledge, University of Pisa, Pisa, 56126, Italy
| | - Adriana Moroni
- Study Centre for the Quaternary Period (CeSQ), I - 52037, Sansepolcro (Arezzo), Italy.,Department of Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment, University of Siena, Research Unit in Prehistory and Anthropology, Siena, 53100, Italy
| | - Robin N M Feeney
- UCD School of Medicine, Health Science Centre, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - John C Willman
- Department of Anthropology, Washington University, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | | | - Stefano Benazzi
- Laboratory of Anthropology, Department of Cultural Heritage, University of Bologna, Ravenna, 48121, Italy.,Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
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17
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Caracuta V, Vardi J, Paz Y, Boaretto E. Farming legumes in the pre-pottery Neolithic: New discoveries from the site of Ahihud (Israel). PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177859. [PMID: 28542358 PMCID: PMC5443508 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
New discoveries of legumes in the lower Galilee at the prehistoric site of Ahihud in Israel shed light on early farming systems in the southern Levant. Radiocarbon dating of twelve legumes from pits and floors indicate that the farming of legumes was practiced in southern Levant as early as 10.240-10.200 (1σ) ago. The legumes were collected from pits and other domestic contexts dated to the Early Pre-Pottery Neolithic B. The legumes identified include Vicia faba L. (faba bean), V. ervilia (bitter vetch), V. narbonensis (narbon vetch), Lens sp. (lentil), Pisum sp. (pea), Lathyrus inconspicuus (inconspicuous pea) and L. hirosolymitanus (jerusalem vetchling). Comparison with coeval sites in the region show how the presence of peas, narbon vetches, inconspicuous peas, jerusalem vetchlings and bitter vetches together with faba bean and lentils is unique to the Pre-Pottery Neolithic, and might indicate specific patterns in farming or storing at the onset of agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Caracuta
- Max Planck-Weizmann Center for Integrative Archaeology and Anthropology, Rehovot, Israel
- D-REAMS Radiocarbon Laboratory, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Jacob Vardi
- Israel Antiquity Authority, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ytzhak Paz
- Israel Antiquity Authority, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Elisabetta Boaretto
- Max Planck-Weizmann Center for Integrative Archaeology and Anthropology, Rehovot, Israel
- D-REAMS Radiocarbon Laboratory, Rehovot, Israel
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18
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Oxilia G, Fiorillo F, Boschin F, Boaretto E, Apicella SA, Matteucci C, Panetta D, Pistocchi R, Guerrini F, Margherita C, Andretta M, Sorrentino R, Boschian G, Arrighi S, Dori I, Mancuso G, Crezzini J, Riga A, Serrangeli MC, Vazzana A, Salvadori PA, Vandini M, Tozzi C, Moroni A, Feeney RNM, Willman JC, Moggi-Cecchi J, Benazzi S. The dawn of dentistry in the late upper Paleolithic: An early case of pathological intervention at Riparo Fredian. Am J Phys Anthropol 2017; 163:446-461. [PMID: 28345756 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Early evidence for the treatment of dental pathology is found primarily among food-producing societies associated with high levels of oral pathology. However, some Late Pleistocene hunter-gatherers show extensive oral pathology, suggesting that experimentation with therapeutic dental interventions may have greater antiquity. Here, we report the second earliest probable evidence for dentistry in a Late Upper Paleolithic hunter-gatherer recovered from Riparo Fredian (Tuscany, Italy). MATERIALS AND METHODS The Fredian 5 human consists of an associated maxillary anterior dentition with antemortem exposure of both upper first incisor (I1 ) pulp chambers. The pulp chambers present probable antemortem modifications that warrant in-depth analyses and direct dating. Scanning electron microscopy, microCT and residue analyses were used to investigate the purported modifications of external and internal surfaces of each I1 . RESULTS The direct date places Fredian 5 between 13,000 and 12,740 calendar years ago. Both pulp chambers were circumferentially enlarged prior to the death of this individual. Occlusal dentine flaking on the margin of the cavities and striations on their internal aspects suggest anthropic manipulation. Residue analyses revealed a conglomerate of bitumen, vegetal fibers, and probable hairs adherent to the internal walls of the cavities. DISCUSSION The results are consistent with tool-assisted manipulation to remove necrotic or infected pulp in vivo and the subsequent use of a composite, organic filling. Fredian 5 confirms the practice of dentistry-specifically, a pathology-induced intervention-among Late Pleistocene hunter-gatherers. As such, it appears that fundamental perceptions of biomedical knowledge and practice were in place long before the socioeconomic changes associated with the transition to food production in the Neolithic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregorio Oxilia
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via del Proconsolo, 12, Firenze, 50122, Italy.,Department of Cultural Heritage, Laboratory of Anthropology, University of Bologna, Via degli Ariani 1, Ravenna, 48121, Italy
| | - Flavia Fiorillo
- Department of Cultural Heritage, Conservation Science Laboratory for Cultural Heritage, University of Bologna, Via degli Ariani 1, Ravenna, 48121, Italy
| | - Francesco Boschin
- Study Centre for the Quaternary Period (CeSQ), Via Nuova dell'Ammazzatoio 7, Sansepolcro, Arezzo, I-52037, Italy.,Department of Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment, University of Siena, Research Unit in Prehistory and Anthropology, Via Laterina 8, Siena, 53100, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Boaretto
- Max Planck-Weizmann Center for Integrative Archaeology and Anthropology, D-REAMS Radiocarbon Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Salvatore A Apicella
- Department of Cultural Heritage, Conservation Science Laboratory for Cultural Heritage, University of Bologna, Via degli Ariani 1, Ravenna, 48121, Italy
| | - Chiara Matteucci
- Department of Cultural Heritage, Conservation Science Laboratory for Cultural Heritage, University of Bologna, Via degli Ariani 1, Ravenna, 48121, Italy
| | - Daniele Panetta
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, IFC-CNR, Via G. Moruzzi 1, Pisa, 56124, Italy
| | - Rossella Pistocchi
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Sant'Alberto 163, Ravenna, 48123, Italy
| | - Franca Guerrini
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Sant'Alberto 163, Ravenna, 48123, Italy
| | - Cristiana Margherita
- Department of Cultural Heritage, Laboratory of Anthropology, University of Bologna, Via degli Ariani 1, Ravenna, 48121, Italy
| | - Massimo Andretta
- School of Science, University of Bologna, Via dell'Agricoltura 5, Ravenna, 48123, Italy
| | - Rita Sorrentino
- Department of Cultural Heritage, Laboratory of Anthropology, University of Bologna, Via degli Ariani 1, Ravenna, 48121, Italy.,Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences - BiGeA University of Bologna, Via Selmi 3, Bologna, 40126, Italy
| | - Giovanni Boschian
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, via Derna 1, Pisa, 56125, Italy
| | - Simona Arrighi
- Study Centre for the Quaternary Period (CeSQ), Via Nuova dell'Ammazzatoio 7, Sansepolcro, Arezzo, I-52037, Italy.,Department of Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment, University of Siena, Research Unit in Prehistory and Anthropology, Via Laterina 8, Siena, 53100, Italy
| | - Irene Dori
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via del Proconsolo, 12, Firenze, 50122, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Mancuso
- Department of Cultural Heritage, Laboratory of Anthropology, University of Bologna, Via degli Ariani 1, Ravenna, 48121, Italy
| | - Jacopo Crezzini
- Study Centre for the Quaternary Period (CeSQ), Via Nuova dell'Ammazzatoio 7, Sansepolcro, Arezzo, I-52037, Italy.,Department of Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment, University of Siena, Research Unit in Prehistory and Anthropology, Via Laterina 8, Siena, 53100, Italy
| | - Alessandro Riga
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via del Proconsolo, 12, Firenze, 50122, Italy
| | - Maria C Serrangeli
- Department of Cultural Heritage, Laboratory of Anthropology, University of Bologna, Via degli Ariani 1, Ravenna, 48121, Italy
| | - Antonino Vazzana
- Department of Cultural Heritage, Laboratory of Anthropology, University of Bologna, Via degli Ariani 1, Ravenna, 48121, Italy
| | - Piero A Salvadori
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, IFC-CNR, Via G. Moruzzi 1, Pisa, 56124, Italy
| | - Mariangela Vandini
- Department of Cultural Heritage, Conservation Science Laboratory for Cultural Heritage, University of Bologna, Via degli Ariani 1, Ravenna, 48121, Italy
| | - Carlo Tozzi
- Department of Civilisations and Forms of Knowledge, University of Pisa, Via Pasquale Paoli, 15, Pisa, 56126, Italy
| | - Adriana Moroni
- Study Centre for the Quaternary Period (CeSQ), Via Nuova dell'Ammazzatoio 7, Sansepolcro, Arezzo, I-52037, Italy.,Department of Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment, University of Siena, Research Unit in Prehistory and Anthropology, Via Laterina 8, Siena, 53100, Italy
| | - Robin N M Feeney
- UCD School of Medicine, Health Science Centre, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - John C Willman
- Department of Anthropology, Campus Box 1114, Washington University, Saint Louis, Missouri, 63130
| | - Jacopo Moggi-Cecchi
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via del Proconsolo, 12, Firenze, 50122, Italy
| | - Stefano Benazzi
- Department of Cultural Heritage, Laboratory of Anthropology, University of Bologna, Via degli Ariani 1, Ravenna, 48121, Italy.,Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
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19
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Faerman M, Bar-Gal GK, Boaretto E, Boeskorov GG, Dokuchaev NE, Ermakov OA, Golenishchev FN, Gubin SV, Mintz E, Simonov E, Surin VL, Titov SV, Zanina OG, Formozov NA. DNA analysis of a 30,000-year-old Urocitellus glacialis from northeastern Siberia reveals phylogenetic relationships between ancient and present-day arctic ground squirrels. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42639. [PMID: 28205612 PMCID: PMC5311991 DOI: 10.1038/srep42639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In contrast to the abundant fossil record of arctic ground squirrels, Urocitellus parryii, from eastern Beringia, only a limited number of fossils is known from its western part. In 1946, unnamed GULAG prisoners discovered a nest with three mummified carcasses of arctic ground squirrels in the permafrost sediments of the El’ga river, Yakutia, Russia, that were later attributed to a new species, Citellus (Urocitellus) glacialis Vinogr. To verify this assignment and to explore phylogenetic relationships between ancient and present-day arctic ground squirrels, we performed 14C dating and ancient DNA analyses of one of the El’ga mummies and four contemporaneous fossils from Duvanny Yar, northeastern Yakutia. Phylogenetic reconstructions, based on complete cytochrome b gene sequences of five Late Pleistocene arctic ground squirrels and those of modern U. parryii from 21 locations across western Beringia, provided no support for earlier proposals that ancient arctic ground squirrels from Siberia constitute a distinct species. In fact, we observed genetic continuity of the glacialis mitochondrial DNA lineage in modern U. parryii of the Kamchatka peninsula. When viewed in a broader geographic perspective, our findings provide new insights into the genetic history of U. parryii in Late Pleistocene Beringia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Faerman
- Laboratory of Bioanthropology and Ancient DNA, Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Gila Kahila Bar-Gal
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food &Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Elisabetta Boaretto
- D-REAMS Radiocarbon Laboratory, Scientific Archaeology Unit, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Gennady G Boeskorov
- Diamond and Precious Metals Geology Institute of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Yakutsk 677007, Russian Federation
| | - Nikolai E Dokuchaev
- Institute of Biological Problems of the North, Far-East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Magadan 685000, Russian Federation
| | - Oleg A Ermakov
- Department of Zoology and Ecology, Penza State University, Penza 440026, Russian Federation
| | - Fedor N Golenishchev
- Laboratory of Theriology, Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russian Federation
| | - Stanislav V Gubin
- Soil Cryology Laboratory, Institute of Physicochemical and Biological Problems in Soil Science, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290, Russian Federation
| | - Eugenia Mintz
- D-REAMS Radiocarbon Laboratory, Scientific Archaeology Unit, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Evgeniy Simonov
- Papanin Institute for Biology of Inland Water, Russian Academy of Sciences, Borok 152742, Russian Federation.,Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630091, Russian Federation.,Tomsk State University, Tomsk 634050, Russian Federation
| | - Vadim L Surin
- National Research Center for Hematology, Russian Ministry of Health, Moscow 125167, Russian Federation
| | - Sergei V Titov
- Department of Zoology and Ecology, Penza State University, Penza 440026, Russian Federation
| | - Oksana G Zanina
- Soil Cryology Laboratory, Institute of Physicochemical and Biological Problems in Soil Science, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290, Russian Federation
| | - Nikolai A Formozov
- Department of Vertebral Zoology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
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20
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Caracuta V, Weinstein-Evron M, Kaufman D, Yeshurun R, Silvent J, Boaretto E. 14,000-year-old seeds indicate the Levantine origin of the lost progenitor of faba bean. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37399. [PMID: 27876767 PMCID: PMC5120295 DOI: 10.1038/srep37399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The understanding of crop domestication is dependent on tracking the original geographical distribution of wild relatives. The faba bean (Vicia faba L.) is economically important in many countries around the world; nevertheless, its origin has been debated because its ancestor could not be securely identified. Recent investigations in the site of el-Wad (Mount Carmel, Israel), provide the first and, so far, only remains of the lost ancestor of faba bean. X-ray CT scan analysis of the faba beans provides the first set of measurements of the biometry of this species before its domestication. The presence of wild specimens in Mount Carmel, 14,000 years ago, supports that the wild variety grew nearby in the Lower Galilee where the first domestication was documented for Neolithic farmers 10,200 years ago.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Caracuta
- Max Planck-Weizmann Center for Integrative Archaeology and Anthropology, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
- D-REAMS Radiocarbon Laboratory, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Daniel Kaufman
- Zinman Institute of Archaeology, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel
| | - Reuven Yeshurun
- Zinman Institute of Archaeology, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel
| | - Jeremie Silvent
- Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Elisabetta Boaretto
- Max Planck-Weizmann Center for Integrative Archaeology and Anthropology, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
- D-REAMS Radiocarbon Laboratory, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
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21
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Xu
- Department
of Physics and Physical Oceanography, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St.
John’s, Newfoundland A1B 3X7, Canada
| | - Michael B. Toffolo
- Max
Planck Weizmann Center for Integrative Archaeology and Anthropology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Elisabetta Boaretto
- Max
Planck Weizmann Center for Integrative Archaeology and Anthropology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Kristin M. Poduska
- Department
of Physics and Physical Oceanography, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St.
John’s, Newfoundland A1B 3X7, Canada
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22
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Grosman L, Munro ND, Abadi I, Boaretto E, Shaham D, Belfer-Cohen A, Bar-Yosef O. Nahal Ein Gev II, a Late Natufian Community at the Sea of Galilee. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0146647. [PMID: 26815363 PMCID: PMC4729465 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Natufian culture is of great importance as a starting point to investigate the dynamics of the transition to agriculture. Given its chronological position at the threshold of the Neolithic (ca. 12,000 years ago) and its geographic setting in the productive Jordan Valley, the site of Nahal Ein Gev II (NEG II) reveals aspects of the Late Natufian adaptations and its implications for the transition to agriculture. The size of the site, the thick archaeological deposits, invested architecture and multiple occupation sub-phases reveal a large, sedentary community at least on par with Early Natufian camps in the Mediterranean zone. Although the NEG II lithic tool kit completely lacks attributes typical of succeeding Pre Pottery Neolithic A (PPNA) assemblages, the artistic style is more closely related to the early PPNA world, despite clear roots in Early Natufian tradition. The site does not conform to current perceptions of the Late Natufians as a largely mobile population coping with reduced resource productivity caused by the Younger Dryas. Instead, the faunal and architectural data suggest that the sedentary populations of the Early Natufian did not revert back to a nomadic way of life in the Late Natufian in the Jordan Valley. NEG II encapsulates cultural characteristics typical of both Natufian and PPNA traditions and thus bridges the crossroads between Late Paleolithic foragers and Neolithic farmers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leore Grosman
- Institute of Archaeology, Mount Scopus, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91905, Israel
- * E-mail:
| | - Natalie D. Munro
- Department of Anthropology, Unit 1176, 354 Mansfield Road, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269–1176, United States of America
| | - Itay Abadi
- Institute of Archaeology, Mount Scopus, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91905, Israel
| | | | - Dana Shaham
- Institute of Archaeology, Mount Scopus, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91905, Israel
| | - Anna Belfer-Cohen
- Institute of Archaeology, Mount Scopus, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91905, Israel
| | - Ofer Bar-Yosef
- Department of Anthropology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, United States of America
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23
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Hershkovitz I, Spigelman M, Sarig R, Lim DS, Lee IS, Oh CS, May H, Boaretto E, Kim YS, Lee SD, Peled N, Kim MJ, Toledano T, Bar-Gal GK, Shin DH. A possible case of cherubism in a 17th-century Korean mummy. PLoS One 2014; 9:e102441. [PMID: 25093864 PMCID: PMC4122385 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cherubism is a benign fibro-osseous disease of childhood limited specifically to the maxilla and mandible. The progressive replacement of the jaw bones with expansile multilocular cystic lesions causes eventual prominence of the lower face, and hence the classic “cherubic” phenotype reflecting variable extents of jaw hypertrophy. Histologically, this condition has been characterized as replacement of the normal bone matrix with multicystic pockets of fibrous stroma and osteoclastic giant cells. Because of radiographic features common to both, primarily the presence of multiloculated lucencies with heterogeneous “ground-glass” sclerosis on CT imaging, cherubism was long mistaken for a craniofacial subtype of fibrous dysplasia. In 1999, however, the distinct genetic basis for cherubism was mapped to chromosome 4p16.3 and the SH-3 binding protein SH3BP2. But while there are already three suspected cases of fibrous dysplasia amongst archaeological populations, no definitive cases of cherubism have yet been reported in historical populations. In the current study we describe micro- and macro-structural changes in the face of a 17th century Joseon Dynasty Korean mummy which may coincide with the clinic-pathologic and radiologic features of cherubism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israel Hershkovitz
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- * E-mail: (IH); (DHS)
| | - Mark Spigelman
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Rachel Sarig
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Do-Sun Lim
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Eulji University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - In Sun Lee
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang Seok Oh
- Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hila May
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Elisabetta Boaretto
- D-REAMS Radiocarbon Dating Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yi-Suk Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soong Deok Lee
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Forensic Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Nathan Peled
- Department of Radiology, Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Myeung Ju Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Dankook University College of Medicine, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Talya Toledano
- Department of Radiology, Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, United States of America
| | - Gila Kahila Bar-Gal
- Department of Virology, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Dong Hoon Shin
- Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail: (IH); (DHS)
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24
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Toffolo MB, Fantalkin A, Lemos IS, Felsch RCS, Niemeier WD, Sanders GDR, Finkelstein I, Boaretto E. Towards an absolute chronology for the Aegean iron age: new radiocarbon dates from Lefkandi, Kalapodi and Corinth. PLoS One 2014; 8:e83117. [PMID: 24386150 PMCID: PMC3873300 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The relative chronology of the Aegean Iron Age is robust. It is based on minute stylistic changes in the Submycenaean, Protogeometric and Geometric styles and their sub-phases. Yet, the absolute chronology of the time-span between the final stages of Late Helladic IIIC in the late second millennium BCE and the archaic colonization of Italy and Sicily toward the end of the 8th century BCE lacks archaeological contexts that can be directly related to events carrying absolute dates mentioned in Egyptian/Near Eastern historical sources, or to well-dated Egyptian/Near Eastern rulers. The small number of radiocarbon dates available for this time span is not sufficient to establish an absolute chronological sequence. Here we present a new set of short-lived radiocarbon dates from the sites of Lefkandi, Kalapodi and Corinth in Greece. We focus on the crucial transition from the Submycenaean to the Protogeometric periods. This transition is placed in the late 11th century BCE according to the Conventional Aegean Chronology and in the late 12th century BCE according to the High Aegean Chronology. Our results place it in the second half of the 11th century BCE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B. Toffolo
- Kimmel Center for Archaeological Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- Sonia and Marco Nadler Institute of Archaeology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- * E-mail:
| | - Alexander Fantalkin
- Sonia and Marco Nadler Institute of Archaeology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Irene S. Lemos
- Merton College, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Guy D. R. Sanders
- American School of Classical Studies at Athens, Corinth Excavations, Ancient Corinth, Greece
| | - Israel Finkelstein
- Sonia and Marco Nadler Institute of Archaeology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Elisabetta Boaretto
- Kimmel Center for Archaeological Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- Weizmann Institute-Max Planck Center for Integrative Archaeology, D-REAMS Radiocarbon Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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25
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Meiri M, Huchon D, Bar-Oz G, Boaretto E, Horwitz LK, Maeir AM, Sapir-Hen L, Larson G, Weiner S, Finkelstein I. Ancient DNA and population turnover in southern levantine pigs--signature of the sea peoples migration? Sci Rep 2013; 3:3035. [PMID: 24186332 PMCID: PMC3816294 DOI: 10.1038/srep03035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Near Eastern wild boars possess a characteristic DNA signature. Unexpectedly, wild boars from Israel have the DNA sequences of European wild boars and domestic pigs. To understand how this anomaly evolved, we sequenced DNA from ancient and modern pigs from Israel. Pigs from Late Bronze Age (until ca. 1150 BCE) in Israel shared haplotypes of modern and ancient Near Eastern pigs. European haplotypes became dominant only during the Iron Age (ca. 900 BCE). This raises the possibility that European pigs were brought to the region by the Sea Peoples who migrated to the Levant at that time. Then, a complete genetic turnover took place, most likely because of repeated admixture between local and introduced European domestic pigs that went feral. Severe population bottlenecks likely accelerated this process. Introductions by humans have strongly affected the phylogeography of wild animals, and interpretations of phylogeography based on modern DNA alone should be taken with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meirav Meiri
- 1] Institute of Archaeology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel [2] Department of Zoology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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26
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Poduska KM, Regev L, Boaretto E, Addadi L, Weiner S, Kronik L, Curtarolo S. Decoupling local disorder and optical effects in infrared spectra: differentiating between calcites with different origins. Adv Mater 2011; 23:550-554. [PMID: 21254262 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201003890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2010] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
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27
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Kvavadze E, Bar-Yosef O, Belfer-Cohen A, Boaretto E, Jakeli N, Matskevich Z, Meshveliani T. Response to Comment on “30,000-Year-Old Wild Flax Fibers”. Science 2010. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1187161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eliso Kvavadze
- Institute of Paleobiology, National Museum of Georgia, Tbilisi, 380007, Georgia
| | - Ofer Bar-Yosef
- Department of Anthropology, Peabody Museum, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Anna Belfer-Cohen
- Institute of Archaeology, Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91905, Israel
| | - Elisabetta Boaretto
- Radiocarbon Dating and Cosmogenic Isotopes Laboratory, Kimmel Center for Archaeological Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel, and Department of Land of Israel Studies and Archaeology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 59100, Israel
| | - Nino Jakeli
- Georgian State Museum, Department of Prehistory, Tbilisi, 380105, Georgia
| | - Zinovi Matskevich
- Department of Anthropology, Peabody Museum, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Tengiz Meshveliani
- Georgian State Museum, Department of Prehistory, Tbilisi, 380105, Georgia
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28
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29
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Adler DS, Bar-Yosef O, Belfer-Cohen A, Tushabramishvili N, Boaretto E, Mercier N, Valladas H, Rink W. Dating the demise: Neandertal extinction and the establishment of modern humans in the southern Caucasus. J Hum Evol 2008; 55:817-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2008.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2007] [Revised: 06/19/2008] [Accepted: 11/25/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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30
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Boaretto E. Using Radiocarbon Dating in Jerusalem. Science 2007; 316:689-90. [PMID: 17478701 DOI: 10.1126/science.316.5825.689b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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31
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Khalaily H, Bar-Yosef O, Barzilai O, Boaretto E, Bocquentin F, Eirikh-Rose A, Greenhut Z, Goring-Morris AN, Le Dosseur G, Marder O, Sapir-Hen L, Yizhaq M. Excavations at Motza in the Judean Hills and the Early Pre-Pottery Neolithic B in the Southern Levant. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.3406/paleo.2007.5218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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32
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Nadel D, Grinberg U, Boaretto E, Werker E. Wooden objects from Ohalo II (23,000 cal BP), Jordan Valley, Israel. J Hum Evol 2006; 50:644-62. [PMID: 16516267 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2005.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2005] [Revised: 11/22/2005] [Accepted: 12/23/2005] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Eight wooden objects were found at Ohalo II, a submerged and well-preserved site in the Sea of Galilee, Israel. The fisher-hunter-gatherers' site has been radiometrically dated to 22,500-23,500 (cal BP) with 45 assays read by four laboratories. The wooden objects were found on brush-hut floors. They include a bark plank with polish and use signs, pencil-shaped specimens with longitudinal shavings, and other types that may have been decorative or symbolic. One incised wooden object is identical in size and incision pattern to a gazelle bone implement found in a grave, behind a human skull. The recovered wooden objects are not directly related to hunting, gathering, or fishing, and frustratingly, there are no remains of bows, arrows, spears, handles, or other such items. Nonetheless, the objects present a wide repertoire in terms of size, shape, and possible function. The new finds add to the growing body of evidence concerning the use of perishable materials during the Upper Paleolithic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dani Nadel
- Zinman Institute of Archaeology, The University of Haifa, Haifa 31905, Israel.
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33
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Verri G, Barkai R, Bordeanu C, Gopher A, Hass M, Kaufman A, Kubik P, Montanari E, Paul M, Ronen A, Weiner S, Boaretto E. Flint mining in prehistory recorded by in situ-produced cosmogenic 10Be. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2004; 101:7880-4. [PMID: 15148365 PMCID: PMC419525 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0402302101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of mining to acquire the best raw materials for producing stone tools represents a breakthrough in human technological and intellectual development. We present a new approach to studying the history of flint mining, using in situ-produced cosmogenic 10Be concentrations. We show that the raw material used to manufacture flint artifacts approximately 300,000 years old from Qesem Cave (Israel) was most likely surface-collected or obtained from shallow quarries, whereas artifacts of the same period from Tabun Cave (Israel) were made of flint originating from layers 2 or more meters deep, possibly mined or quarried by humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Verri
- Racah Institute of Physics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
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34
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Glasius M, Boel C, Bruun N, Easa LM, Hornung P, Klausen HS, Klitgaard KC, Lindeskov C, Møller CK, Nissen H, Petersen APF, Kleefeld S, Boaretto E, Hansen TS, Heinemeier J, Lohse C. Relative contribution of biogenic and anthropogenic sources to formic and acetic acids in the atmospheric boundary layer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd900676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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35
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Hinsby K, Harrar WG, Nyegaard P, Konradi PB, Rasmussen ES, Bidstrup T, Gregersen U, Boaretto E. The Ribe Formation in western Denmark — Holocene and Pleistocene groundwaters in a coastal Miocene sand aquifer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1144/gsl.sp.2001.189.01.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe Ribe Formation is a regionally extensive Miocene sand aquifer that is present in western Denmark at depths ranging from 100 to 300 m below ground surface. Groundwater chemistry and isotope data collected from more than 40 wells show that the Ribe Formation mainly contains high quality Cabi-carbonate type groundwater of Holocene age (100–10 000 abp). Pleistocene age groundwaters, identified on the basis of stable isotopes, noble gases and corrected14C values, are present below the island of Rømø, in discharge areas near the coast, and in hydraulically isolated inland areas. The groundwater age distribution in the Ribe Formation was successfully simulated with a numerical groundwater flow model and particle tracking only when the14C content in groundwater was corrected for both geochemical reactions and diffusion. The results indicate that geochemical and physical processes significantly influence the14C content of groundwater and that the correction factors required for the two processes are of the same magnitude. Flow modelling results indicate that Pleistocene groundwaters were emplaced at depth within the Ribe Fromation under low base-level conditions that prevailed throughout the late Pleistocene — near the coast these waters are essentially isolated from the present flow system, and Pleistocene freshwater may be present offshore. Seismic surveys show that conditions offshore are favourable for the presence of Pleistocene freshwater within the Ribe Formation and other aquifers.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Hinsby
- Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland Thoravej 8, DK-2400, Copenhagen,
| | - W. G. Harrar
- Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland Thoravej 8, DK-2400, Copenhagen,
| | - P. Nyegaard
- Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland Thoravej 8, DK-2400, Copenhagen,
| | - P. B. Konradi
- Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland Thoravej 8, DK-2400, Copenhagen,
| | - E. S. Rasmussen
- Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland Thoravej 8, DK-2400, Copenhagen,
| | - T. Bidstrup
- Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland Thoravej 8, DK-2400, Copenhagen,
| | - U. Gregersen
- Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland Thoravej 8, DK-2400, Copenhagen,
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Rowland FS, Blake DR, Larsen BR, Lindskog A, Peterson PJ, Williams WP, Wallington TJ, Pilling MJ, Carslaw N, Creasey DJ, Heard DE, Jacobs P, Lee J, Lewis AC, McQuaid JB, Stockwell WR, Frank H, Sacco P, Cocheo V, Lynge E, Andersen A, Nilsson R, Barlow L, Pukkala E, Nordlinder R, Boffetta P, Grandjean P, Heikkil P, Hürte LG, Jakobsson R, Lundberg I, Moen B, Partanen T, Riise T, Borowiak A, De Saeger E, Schnitzler KG, Gravenhorst G, Jacobi HW, Moelders S, Lammel G, Busch G, Beese FO, Dentener FJ, Feichter J, Fraedrich K, Roelofs GJ, Friedrich R, Reis S, Voehringer F, Simpson D, Moussiopoulos N, Sahm P, Tourlou PM, Salmons R, Papameletiou D, Maqueda JM, Suhr PB, Bell W, Paton-Walsh C, Woods PT, Partridge RH, Slemr J, Slemr F, Schmidbauer N, Ravishankara AR, Jenkin ME, de Leeuw G, van Eijk AM, Flossmann AI, Wobrock W, Mestayer PG, Tranchant B, Ljungström E, Karlsson R, Larsen SE, Roemer M, Builtjes PJ, Koffi B, Koffi EN, De Saeger E, Ro-Poulsen H, Mikkelsen TN, Hummelshøj P, Hovmand MF, 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Bolzacchini E, Consonni V, Gramatica P, Todeschini R, Dippel G, Reinhardt H, Zellner R, Dämmer K, Bednarek G, Breil M, Zellner R, Febo A, Allegrini I, Giliberti C, Perrino C, Fogg PG, Geiger H, Barnes I, Becker KH, Maurer T, Geyskens F, Bormans R, Lambrechts M, Goelen E, Giese M, Frank H, Glasius M, Hornung P, Jacobsen JK, Klausen HS, Klitgaard KC, Møller CK, Petersen AP, Petersen LS, Wessel S, Hansen TS, Lohse C, Boaretto E, Heinemeier J, Glasius M, Di Bella D, Lahaniati M, Calogirou A, Jensen NR, Hjorth J, Kotzias D, Larsen BR, Gonzalez-Flesca N, Cicolella A, Bates M, Bastin E, Gurbanov MA, Akhmedly KM, Balayev VS, Haselmann KF, Ketola R, Laturnus F, Lauritsen FR, Grøn C, Herrmann H, Ervens B, Reese A, Umschlag T, Wicktor F, Zellner R, Herrmann H, Umschlag T, Müller K, Bolzacchini E, Meinardi S, Rindone B, Jenkin ME, Hayman GD, Jensen NO, Courtney M, Hummelshøj P, Christensen CS, Larsen BR, Johnson MS, Hegelund F, Nelander B, Kirchner F, Klotz B, Barnes I, Sørensen S, Becker KH, Etzkorn T, Platt U, Wirtz K, Martín-Reviejo M, Laturnus F, Martinez E, Cabañas B, Aranda A, Martín P, Salgado S, Rodriguez D, Masclet P, Jaffrezo JL, Hillamo R, Mellouki A, Le Calvé S, Le Bras G, Moriarty J, O'Donnell S, Wenger J, Sidebottom H, Mingarrol MT, Cosin S, Pastor RP, Alonso SG, Sanz MJ, Bravo I, Gonzalez D, Pérez MA, Mustafaev I, Mammadova S, Noda J, Hallquist M, Langer S, Ljungström E, Nohara K, Kutsuna S, Ibusuki T, Oehme M, Kölliker S, Brombacher S, Merz L, Pastor RP, Alonso SG, Cabezas AQ, Peeters J, Vereecken L, El Yazal J, Pfeffer HU, Breuer L, Platz J, Nielsen OJ, Sehested J, Wallington TJ, Ball JC, Hurley MD, Straccia AM, Schneider WF, Pérez-Casany MP, Nebot-Gil I, Sánchez-Marín J, Putz E, Folberth G, Pfister G, Weissflog L, Elansky NP, Sørensen S, Barnes I, Becker KH, Shao M, Heiden AC, Kley D, Rockel P, Wildt J, Silva GV, Vasconcelos MT, Fernandes EO, Santos AM, Skov H, Hansen A, Løfstrøm P, Lorenzen G, Stabel JR, Wolkoff P, Pedersen T, Strom AB, Skov H, Hertel O, Jensen FP, Hjorth J, Galle B, Wallin S, Theloke J, Libuda HG, Zabel F, Touaty M, Bonsang B, Ullerstam M, Langer S, Ljungström E, Wenger J, Bonard A, Manning M, Nolan S, O'Sullivan N, Sidebottom H, Wenger J, Collins E, Moriarty J, O'Donnell S, Sidebottom H, Wenger J, Collins E, Moriarty J, O'Donnell S, Sidebottom H, Wenger J, Sidebottom H, Chadwick P, O'Leary B, Treacy J, Wolkoff P, Clausen PA, Wilkins CK, Hougaard KS, Nielsen GD, Zilinskis V, Jansons G, Peksens A, Lazdins A, Arinci YV, Erdöl N, Ekinci E, Okutan H, Manlafalioglu I, Bakeas EB, Siskos PA, Viras LG, Smirnioudi VN, Bottenheim JW, Biesenthal T, Gong W, Makar P, Delmas V, Menard T, Tatry V, Moussafir J, Thomas D, Coppalle A, Ellermann T, Hertel O, Skov H, Frohn L, Manscher OH, Friis J, Girgzdiene R, Girgzdys A, Gurevich NA, Gårdfeldt K, Langer S, Hermans C, Vandaele AC, Carleer M, Fally S, Colin R, Bernath PF, Jenouvrier A, Coquart B, Mérienne MF, Hertel O, Frohn L, Skov H, Ellermann T, Huntrieser H, Schlager H, Feigl C, Kemp K, Palmgren F, Kiilsholm S, Rasmussen A, Sørensen JH, Klemm O, Lange H, Larsen RW, Larsen NW, Nicolaisen F, Sørensen GO, Beukes JA, Larsen PB, Jensen SS, Fenger J, de Leeuw G, Kunz G, Cohen L, Schlünzen H, Muller F, Schulz M, Tamm S, Geernaert G, Hertel O, Pedersen B, Geernaert LL, Lund S, Vignati E, Jickells T, Spokes L, Matei C, Jinga OA, Jinga DC, Moliner R, Braekman-Danheux C, Fontana A, Suelves I, Thieman T, Vassilev S, Skov H, Hertel O, Zlatev Z, Brandt J, Bastrup-Birk A, Ellermann T, Frohn L, Vandaele AC, Hermans C, Carleer M, Tsouli A, Colin R, Windsperger AM, Turi K, Dworak O, Zellweger C, Weingartner E, Rüttimann R, Hofer P, Baltensperger U, Ziv A, Iakovleva E, Palmgren F, Berkovicz R, Skov H, Alastuey A, Querol X, Chaves A, Lopez-Soler A, Ruiz C, Andrees JM, Allegrini I, Febo A, Giusto M, Angeloni M, Di Filippo P, D'Innocenzio F, Lepore L, Marconi A, Arshinov MY, Belan BD, Davydov DK, Kovaleskii VK, Plotinov AP, Pokrovskii EV, Sklyadneva TK, Tolmachev GN, Arshinov MY, Belan BD, Sklyadneva TK, Behnke W, Elend M, Krüger U, Zetzsch C, Belan BD, Arshinov MY, Davydov DK, Kovalevskii VK, Plotnikov AP, Pokrovskii EV, Rasskazchikova TM, Sklyadneva TK, Tolmachev GN, Belan BD, Arshinov MY, Simonenkov DV, Tolmachev GN, Bilde M, Aker PM, Börensen C, Kirchner U, Scheer V, Vogt R, Ellermann T, Geernaert LL, Pryor SC, Barthelmie RJ, Feilberg A, Nielsen T, Kamens RM, Freitas MC, Marques AP, Reis MA, Alves LC, Ilyinskikh NN, Ilyinskikh IN, Ilyinskikh EN, Johansen K, Stavnsbjerg P, Gabrielsson P, Bak F, Andersen E, Autrup H, Kamens R, Jang M, Strommen M, Leach K, Kirchner U, Scheer V, Börensen C, Vogt R, Igor K, Svjatoslav G, Anatoliy B, Komov IL, Istchenko AA, Lourenço MG, Mactavish D, Sirois A, Masclet P, Jaffrezo JL, van der Meulen A, Milukaite A, Morkunas V, Jurgutis P, Mikelinskiene A, Nielsen T, Feilberg A, Binderup ML, Pineda M, Palacios JM, Garcia E, Cilleruelo C, Moliner R, Popovitcheva OB, Trukhin ME, Persiantseva NM, Buriko Y, Starik AM, Demirdjian B, Suzanne J, Probst TU, Rietz B, Alfassi ZB, Pokrovskiy VA, Zenobi R, Bogatyr'ov VM, Gun'ko VM, Querol X, Alastuey A, Lopez-Soler A, Mantilla E, Plana F, Artiño B, Rauterberg-Wulff A, Israël GW, Rocha TA, Duarte AC, Röhrl A, Lammel G, Spindler G, Müller K, Herrmann H, Strommen MR, Vignati E, de Leeuw G, Berkowicz R. Abstracts of the 6th FECS Conference 1998 Lectures. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 1998; 5:119-96. [PMID: 19002640 DOI: 10.1007/bf02986409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- F S Rowland
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, 92697, California, USA
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