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Pereira EC, Piai KDA, Salles FJ, Silva ASD, Olympio KPK. A comprehensive analysis of children's blood lead levels in Latin America and the Caribbean over the last eight years: Progress and recommendations. Sci Total Environ 2024; 928:172372. [PMID: 38604359 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
In 2017 we published a review on blood lead levels (BLL) in children from Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) for data available up to 14th of March 2014 and recommended the identification and control of "lead hot spots". In the present study, an evaluation of progress toward reducing BLL in the region was carried out. A systematic review of the latest literature on lead exposure in the LAC region held on the PubMed, Web of Science and LILACS databases (January 2014 to March 2022) was conducted using the PRISMA methodology. Only original papers published in peer-reviewed English, Spanish, or Portuguese journals were eligible. A total of 558 papers were retrieved, 77 of which met the selection criteria and 31 (40.25 %) were carried out in Mexico. The prevalence of children with BLL above 10 μg. dL-1 was 22.08 % in the previous review versus 6.78 % in the current study. In the present review, the prevalence of children with BLL above 5 μg. dL-1 was 29.62 %, and only one study reported a BLL prevalence rate between 3.3 and 5 μg. dL-1. The highest BLLs were associated with well-known sources or occupational exposures. The number of countries (n = 13) that published data on BLL in children was lower compared to the previous review (n = 16). Most studies were conducted in areas with known lead exposure sources, similar to the earlier review. The percentage of children at risk of lead poisoning in the region remains unknown because few studies have published data on environmental exposure levels and most samples were relatively small. The recommendation to identify and control sources of lead exposure was maintained, while further suggestions for establishing a systematic public health surveillance system for lead were proposed to help reduce the knowledge gap and inform public health policy-making in LAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizeu Chiodi Pereira
- Departamento de Saúde Ambiental, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Kamila de Almeida Piai
- Departamento de Saúde Ambiental, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Junqueira Salles
- Departamento de Saúde Ambiental, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Agnes Soares da Silva
- Departamento de Vigilância em Saúde Ambiental e Saúde do Trabalhador, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde e Ambiente, Ministério da Saúde, Brazil
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Pereira EC, Leroux IN, Luz MS, Batista BL, Olympio KPK. Study of controlled migration of cadmium and lead into foods from plastic utensils for children. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:52833-52843. [PMID: 35275370 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19433-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) is a highly neurotoxic chemical element known for reducing intelligence quotient (IQ) and promoting antisocial behavior in children and adolescents, while cadmium (Cd) is a carcinogenic bioaccumulative element. Both these metals are included in the priority pollutant list of the United States Environmental Protection Agency and in the WHO List of Chemicals of Major Public Health Concern, where contaminated foods and beverages are the most common pathways of exposure. The objective of this study was to determine total Cd and Pb levels in colored plastic utensils (cups, mugs, bowls, feeding bottles, and plates) for use by children and to measure the specific migration of these elements into beverages and foods. Total contaminant levels were determined using a handheld X-ray fluorescence analyzer. Specific migration tests were conducted using the simulant solutions acetic acid 3% (m/v) and water. Migration levels were determined by ICP-MS. Specific migration tests for Pb were also performed on commercially available samples (cola soft drink, orange juice, vinegar, and milk), with levels determined by graphite-furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GF-AAS). A total of 674 utensils were analyzed in loco at major commercial centers in Greater São Paulo, of which 87 were purchased for containing Cd and Pb concentrations above permitted limits. Mean concentrations of the metals detected in the purchased utensils were 1110 ppm for Pb and 338 ppm for Cd. For specific migration assays, Pb levels were 187, 13, and 380 times above the permitted limit (0.01 mg.kg -1) for acetic acid, water, and orange juice, respectively. Cd levels were 50 and 2.4 times above the maximum permitted limit (0.005 mg.kg -1) for acetic acid and water, respectively. The districts where the utensils were purchased were grouped according to their social vulnerability index and compared using ANOVA. Pb levels were different between low and medium/high social vulnerability groups (p = 0.006). The findings corroborate the initial hypothesis that these utensils constitute a major source of exposure to PTEs such as Cd and Pb, pointing to the need for stricter regulation and inspection by the Brazilian regulatory agencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizeu Chiodi Pereira
- Departamento de Saúde Ambiental, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Dr. Arnaldo 715, Cerqueira Cesar, SP, 01246-904, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Isabelle Nogueira Leroux
- Departamento de Saúde Ambiental, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Dr. Arnaldo 715, Cerqueira Cesar, SP, 01246-904, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Maciel Santos Luz
- Laboratório de Processos Metalúrgicos, Materiais Avançados, Instituto de Pesquisas Tecnológicas do Estado de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Almeida Prado, 532, Cidade Universitária, SP, 05508-501, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Bruno Lemos Batista
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Avenida dos Estados, 5001 Bairro Santa Terezinha, SP, 09210-580, Santo André, Brasil
| | - Kelly Polido Kaneshiro Olympio
- Departamento de Saúde Ambiental, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Dr. Arnaldo 715, Cerqueira Cesar, SP, 01246-904, São Paulo, Brasil.
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Oliveira AS, Costa EAC, Pereira EC, Freitas MAS, Freire BM, Batista BL, Luz MS, Olympio KPK. The applicability of fingernail lead and cadmium levels as subchronic exposure biomarkers for preschool children. Sci Total Environ 2021; 758:143583. [PMID: 33243496 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Preschool children are exposed daily to metals in their homes and at daycare centers (DCC). Metal exposure and health effects are associated even at low levels, and children comprise a group of public health concern. Nail metals have been studied for exposure biomonitoring and compared to other biological media. The aim of this study was to explore the applicability of preschool fingernail lead and cadmium as subchronic exposure biomarkers. Nail lead and cadmium levels (NLL and NCL) of 602 preschool children (age: 1-4 years) who attended 21 DCC in São Paulo, Brazil, in 2013 were analyzed. Results were compared against blood lead and cadmium levels (BLL and BCL) found in a previous study. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) analyses were performed for both samples. DCC and metal contaminated sites (MCS) were georeferencing. Logistic regression tests were applied to verify associations between nail metal levels and risk factors (sex, age, maternal education, secondary smoking, DCC geographic district, vehicle flow density, relative altitude and distance between DCC and nearest MCS) (p < 0.05). BLL was stratified by exposure level (low: <5 μg.dL-1; high: >13.9 μg.dL-1; medium: ≥5 μg.dL-1 and ≤13.9 μg.dL-1) and also tested the associations in order to verify if nail lead levels are affected by exposure intensity defined by blood metals concentrations. Radius distance and relative altitude of DCC to nearest MCS were associated with high NLL and NCL. Abnormal appearance of nails was associated with high NLL and low NCL. Lead and cadmium exposure magnitude had no significant impact on NLL. NLL should only be used for initial screening, and when financial resources are scarce, especially in areas located near contaminated sites. Preschool children were co-exposed to both lead and cadmium, reinforcing the need for broader studies evaluating exposure to environmental pollutants for more than one chemical element.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Oliveira
- Departamento de Saúde Ambiental, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715, Cerqueira César, CEP 01246-904 São Paulo, SP, Brazil..
| | - E A C Costa
- Centro de Engenharia, Modelagem e Ciências Sociais Aplicadas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Avenida dos Estados, 5001, Santa Terezinha, CEP 09210-580 Santo André, SP, Brazil.
| | - E C Pereira
- Departamento de Saúde Ambiental, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715, Cerqueira César, CEP 01246-904 São Paulo, SP, Brazil..
| | - M A S Freitas
- Laboratório de Processos Metalúrgicos, Centro de Tecnologia em Metalurgia e Materiais, Instituto de Pesquisas Tecnológicas do Estado de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Almeida Prado, 532, Cidade Universitária, Butantã, CEP 05508-901 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - B M Freire
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Avenida dos Estados, 5001, Santa Terezinha, CEP 09210-580 Santo André, SP, Brazil.
| | - B L Batista
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Avenida dos Estados, 5001, Santa Terezinha, CEP 09210-580 Santo André, SP, Brazil.
| | - M S Luz
- Laboratório de Processos Metalúrgicos, Centro de Tecnologia em Metalurgia e Materiais, Instituto de Pesquisas Tecnológicas do Estado de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Almeida Prado, 532, Cidade Universitária, Butantã, CEP 05508-901 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - K P K Olympio
- Departamento de Saúde Ambiental, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715, Cerqueira César, CEP 01246-904 São Paulo, SP, Brazil..
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Pereira EC, Ferreira APSDS, Sato APS, Fischer FM, Olympio KPK. Home-based outsourced informal work by children and adolescents impacts sleep and leisure-a preliminary study. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2020; 27:32754-32761. [PMID: 32519099 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09551-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Child labor is a serious and controversial issue. Despite governments establishing health policies prohibiting or restricting the age of entry to the job market, there is still a large number of working children and adolescents worldwide, particularly informal workers. This study aimed to evaluate the living and working conditions of adolescents. Work activities were home-based involving the production of jewelry and fashion jewelry, in a Brazilian city, Limeira, São Paulo. Participants were 11-17-year-old workers and non-workers, who answered a comprehensive questionnaire on their living and working conditions and filled out a time-budget protocol for 10 consecutive days. Both instruments were applied twice during both school and vacation terms. Chi-square/Fisher and Student's t tests were used, and Bonferroni corrections were performed in the significance levels of the statistical methods. During school time, working children/adolescents had lower mean sleep duration (p < 0.01) than non-working ones. During vacation, non-working youths enjoyed longer leisure time (p < 0.04). Comparing school and vacation times, working youths showed no significant difference in daily routine (p > 0.05), while non-workers spent more time on leisure activities during the vacation period (p = 0.005). In summary, this study found that working at home had a deleterious effect on the sleep and leisure of the youths studied. These data should be considered as an exposome component (specific external exposure) in evaluations of long-term health endpoints and their possible causes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizeu Chiodi Pereira
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Avenida Dr. Arnaldo 715, Cerqueira Cesar, Sao Paulo, SP, 01246-904, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Sacone da Silva Ferreira
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Avenida Dr. Arnaldo 715, Cerqueira Cesar, Sao Paulo, SP, 01246-904, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Sayuri Sato
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Avenida Dr. Arnaldo 715, Cerqueira Cesar, Sao Paulo, SP, 01246-904, Brazil
| | - Frida Marina Fischer
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Avenida Dr. Arnaldo 715, Cerqueira Cesar, Sao Paulo, SP, 01246-904, Brazil
| | - Kelly Polido Kaneshiro Olympio
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Avenida Dr. Arnaldo 715, Cerqueira Cesar, Sao Paulo, SP, 01246-904, Brazil.
- School of Public Health, The Human Exposome Research Group - eXsat, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715, Cerqueira César, Sao Paulo, SP, 01246-000, Brazil.
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Ferrreira APSDS, Pereira EC, Salles FJ, Silva FFD, Batista BL, Handakas E, Olympio KPK. Home-based and informal work exposes the families to high levels of potentially toxic elements. Chemosphere 2019; 218:319-327. [PMID: 30476763 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.11.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The city of Limeira presents a relevant productive chain of jewelry and fashion jewelry, including a scenario of outsourcing informal home practices. It is highly complex to understand the potentially toxic elements (PTE: Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Sn, Sb, Hg, and Pb) exposures of the workers because this productive chain encompasses households. This study aimed to investigate the associations between blood PTE levels and informal work in the home environment. Fifty-two families divided into Exposed group (n = 112) and Control group (n = 53) were included. Families' blood (n = 165) and welder's breathing zone air samples (n = 9) were collected and PTEs concentrations were determined by ICP-MS. Questionnaires were applied to collect sociodemographic information and workplace details. Principal component analysis, Mann-Whitney test, cluster and a logistic regression analysis based on environment-wide association studies (EWAS) were carried out. Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb concentrations in the air samples were higher than occupational guidelines. Eighty percent of the workers were female, and 43.5% of those females then worked as welder. A significant difference was found for Pb concentration between the exposed and control group (p < 0.0001) and between sexes (p = 0.0046). For Cu (p < 0.0001) and Sb (p = 0.0434), differences were found between the sexes. The receiver operating characteristic of the EWAS was 0.80, providing evidence of a potential model to associate exposure levels and occupational factors. PTEs concentrations in the air samples raised concerns, particularly for children, who were in the same exposure scenario. Inadequate work conditions were observed in the houses, revealing the need of public actions to protect these families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Sacone da Silva Ferrreira
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715, Cerqueira César, CEP 01246-904, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Elizeu Chiodi Pereira
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715, Cerqueira César, CEP 01246-904, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Fernanda Junqueira Salles
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715, Cerqueira César, CEP 01246-904, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Fabio Ferreira da Silva
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC, Avenida dos Estados, 5001. Bairro Santa Terezinha. Santo André - SP - Brasil, CEP 09210-580, Santo André, SP, Brazil.
| | - Bruno Lemos Batista
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC, Avenida dos Estados, 5001. Bairro Santa Terezinha. Santo André - SP - Brasil, CEP 09210-580, Santo André, SP, Brazil.
| | - Evangelos Handakas
- Imperial College London, Department of Medicine, Computation and Medicine, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Kelly Polido Kaneshiro Olympio
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715, Cerqueira César, CEP 01246-904, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Olympio KPK, Salles FJ, Ferreira APSDS, Pereira EC, Oliveira ASD, Leroux IN, Vieira FBA. The human exposome unraveling the impact of environment on health: promise or reality? Rev Saude Publica 2019; 53:6. [PMID: 30726487 PMCID: PMC6390641 DOI: 10.11606/s1518-8787.2019053000649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Considering the innovative nature of the approach to human exposome, we present the state of the art of studies on exposome, and discuss current challenges and perspectives in this area. Several reading and discussion activities were conducted by the Expossoma e Saúde do Trabalhador (eXsat – Group Exposome and Worker's Health), with systematization of the literature in the area published between January 2005 and January 2017, available in the databases PubMed and Web of Science. This comment brings a thematic analysis to encourage the dissemination of the exposome approach for studies in the Public Health area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Polido Kaneshiro Olympio
- Universidade de São Paulo. Faculdade de Saúde Pública. Departamento de Saúde Ambiental. São Paulo, SP, Brasil.,Universidade de São Paulo. Faculdade de Saúde Pública. Departamento de Saúde Ambiental. Grupo de Pesquisa eXsat. Expossoma e Saúde do Trabalhador. The Human Exposome Research Group. São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Fernanda Junqueira Salles
- Universidade de São Paulo. Faculdade de Saúde Pública. Departamento de Saúde Ambiental. Grupo de Pesquisa eXsat. Expossoma e Saúde do Trabalhador. The Human Exposome Research Group. São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Ana Paula Sacone da Silva Ferreira
- Universidade de São Paulo. Faculdade de Saúde Pública. Departamento de Saúde Ambiental. Grupo de Pesquisa eXsat. Expossoma e Saúde do Trabalhador. The Human Exposome Research Group. São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Elizeu Chiodi Pereira
- Universidade de São Paulo. Faculdade de Saúde Pública. Departamento de Saúde Ambiental. Grupo de Pesquisa eXsat. Expossoma e Saúde do Trabalhador. The Human Exposome Research Group. São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Allan Santos de Oliveira
- Universidade de São Paulo. Faculdade de Saúde Pública. Departamento de Saúde Ambiental. Grupo de Pesquisa eXsat. Expossoma e Saúde do Trabalhador. The Human Exposome Research Group. São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Isabelle Nogueira Leroux
- Universidade de São Paulo. Faculdade de Saúde Pública. Departamento de Saúde Ambiental. Grupo de Pesquisa eXsat. Expossoma e Saúde do Trabalhador. The Human Exposome Research Group. São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Flávia Bosquê Alves Vieira
- Universidade de São Paulo. Faculdade de Saúde Pública. Departamento de Saúde Ambiental. Grupo de Pesquisa eXsat. Expossoma e Saúde do Trabalhador. The Human Exposome Research Group. São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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Gonçalves CL, Mota FV, Ferreira GF, Mendes JF, Pereira EC, Freitas CH, Vieira JN, Villarreal JP, Nascente PS. Airborne fungi in an intensive care unit. BRAZ J BIOL 2017; 78:265-270. [PMID: 28793031 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.06016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of airborne fungi in Intensive Care Unit (ICUs) is associated with increased nosocomial infections. The aim of this study was the isolation and identification of airborne fungi presented in an ICU from the University Hospital of Pelotas - RS, with the attempt to know the place's environmental microbiota. 40 Petri plates with Sabouraud Dextrose Agar were exposed to an environment of an ICU, where samples were collected in strategic places during morning and afternoon periods for ten days. Seven fungi genera were identified: Penicillium spp. (15.18%), genus with the higher frequency, followed by Aspergillus spp., Cladosporium spp., Fusarium spp., Paecelomyces spp., Curvularia spp., Alternaria spp., Zygomycetes and sterile mycelium. The most predominant fungi genus were Aspergillus spp. (13.92%) in the morning and Cladosporium spp. (13.92%) in the afternoon. Due to their involvement in different diseases, the identified fungi genera can be classified as potential pathogens of inpatients. These results reinforce the need of monitoring the environmental microorganisms with high frequency and efficiently in health institutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Gonçalves
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - F V Mota
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária, Departamento de Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - G F Ferreira
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - J F Mendes
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária, Departamento de Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | | | - C H Freitas
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - J N Vieira
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - J P Villarreal
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - P S Nascente
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
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Headley SA, Pretto-Giordano LG, Lima SC, Suhett WG, Pereira AHT, Freitas LA, Suphoronski SA, Oliveira TES, Alfieri AF, Pereira EC, Vilas-Boas LA, Alfieri AA. Pneumonia due to Talaromyces marneffei in a Dog from Southern Brazil with Concomitant Canine Distemper Virus Infection. J Comp Pathol 2017; 157:61-66. [PMID: 28735673 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The pathological and molecular findings associated with Talaromyces marneffei-induced pneumonia with concomitant infection by canine distemper virus (CDV) are described in a dog. The principal pathological alteration occurred in the lungs. Histopathology confirmed multifocal granulomatous pneumonia associated with numerous intralesional and intracellular septate fission cells consistent with T. marneffei. A molecular assay designed to amplify a partial fragment of the 18S rRNA gene of T. marneffei provided positive results from two fungal cultures derived from the lung. Sequencing and phylogenetic analyses confirmed the results of polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Furthermore, antigens of the CDV N protein were identified within the bronchial epithelium by immunohistochemistry and a PCR assay amplified the CDV N gene from hepatic and pulmonary fragments. Collectively, the pathological and molecular techniques confirmed a diagnosis of T. marneffei-induced pneumonia with concomitant infection by CDV. These findings represent the first description of pulmonary penicilliosis in the dog and extend the geographical niche of this emerging infectious pathogen. In this case, infection by CDV may have induced immunosuppression, which facilitated the development of pulmonary penicilliosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Headley
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
| | | | - S C Lima
- Laboratory of Genetics and Bacterial Taxonomy, Department of General Biology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - W G Suhett
- Small Animal Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinics, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - A H T Pereira
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - L A Freitas
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - S A Suphoronski
- Laboratory of Mycology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - T E S Oliveira
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - A F Alfieri
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - E C Pereira
- Laboratory of Mycology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - L A Vilas-Boas
- Laboratory of Genetics and Bacterial Taxonomy, Department of General Biology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - A A Alfieri
- Multi-User Animal Health Laboratory, Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
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De Abreu CC, Rosa PCP, Alves BDCA, Azzalis LA, Gehrke FDS, Pereira EC, Junqueira VBC, Perazzo FF, Fonseca FLA. Development and validation of HPLC method to determination of Methotrexate in children oncologic patients. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2015; 19:1373-1380. [PMID: 25967711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The acute lymphocytic leukemia is a hematopoietic cancer that occurs predominantly in children. Methotrexate is one of the most useful drugs in cancer chemotherapy. The aim of the study was to develop and validate the methodology of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with ultraviolet detection for methotrexate dosage and to determine its concentration in plasma samples from children with leukemia. PATIENTS AND METHODS The study included patients from the outpatient care of pediatric oncology at the Faculty of Medicine of ABC carriers in treatment of leukemia. The study was conducted in chromatographic model Agilent 1100 with UV detector at 302 nm and by the method of ELISA microplate reader capable of reading absorbance at 450 nm. RESULTS We obtained satisfactory results of selectivity, accuracy, linearity, limit of quantification (LOQ), limit of detection (LOD), precision and robustness and apply the basic criteria for validation as RE No. 899, of May 29, 2003 Guide validation of analytical and bioanalytical National Agency Health Surveillance (ANVISA). CONCLUSIONS We conclude that results for linearity/concentration range, precision, robustness, limit of quantification and detection limits are within the acceptance criteria defined by ANVISA and that the developed analytical method is valid and feasible to be used as a tool in monitoring therapy of methotrexate.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C De Abreu
- Laboratório de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Santo André, SP, Brasil.
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de Vasconcelos TL, Pereira EC, da Silva NH, Vicente C, Legaz ME. Intracellular urease activity in the lichen Cladonia verticillaris, and its implication for toxicity. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2013; 98:310-316. [PMID: 24367816 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2013.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Urea is currently used as a nitrogen fertilizer in many plant cultures, such as sugar cane. Several lichen species grow in the edges of the fields fertilized with urea. This implies that the hydrolysis of an excess of urea by soil bacteria or by the lichens themselves would increase the concentration of ammonia in the lichen thallus to a level that may be toxic to the photobiont. However, Cladonia verticillaris produces urease through positive feedback by urea supplied from the medium. This urease is partially secreted to the media or retained on the external surface of algal cells, as demonstrated herein by an adequate cytochemical reaction. This implies that ammonia produced by urea hydrolysis will be immediately dissolved in the water filling the intercellular spaces on the thallus. A possible protection mechanism against eventual ammonia toxicity, derived from the results described here, is also discussed.
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Tigre RC, Silva NH, Santos MG, Honda NK, Falcão EPS, Pereira EC. Allelopathic and bioherbicidal potential of Cladonia verticillaris on the germination and growth of Lactuca sativa. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2012; 84:125-32. [PMID: 22835725 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2012.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2012] [Revised: 06/28/2012] [Accepted: 06/29/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Responses to germination and initial growth of Lactuca sativa (lettuce) submitted to organic extracts and purified compounds of Cladonia verticillaris ("salambaia") were analyzed in this work. The experiments were conducted in laboratory conditions using extracts and pure compounds at different concentrations. None of the assays showed any influence on the germination of L. sativa seeds using C. verticillaris extracts; however, modifications in leaf area and seedling hypocotyl and root development occurred. In the growth experiments, seedlings exposed to ether or acetone extract showed diminished hypocotyl growth in detriment to the root stimulus, compared to controls. Increases in extract concentrations led to the formation of abnormal seedlings. To determine the allelochemicals of C. verticillaris, its principal components, fumarprotocetraric and protocetraric acids, were isolated and then analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). When the seedlings were exposed to the two acids separately, presented increased leaf area at all concentrations. In contrast, hypocotyl and root stimulus was observed only in the presence of protocetraric acid at different concentrations. Fumarprotocetraric as well as protocetraric acids, isolated and purified from C. verticillaris and Parmotrema dilatatum respectively, influenced the development of L. sativa seedlings at high concentrations, indicating a possible bioherbicide potential of these acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Tigre
- Federal University of Pernambuco, Department of Biochemistry, Recife, PE, Brazil.
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Castro RF, Azzalis LA, Feder D, Perazzo FF, Pereira EC, Junqueira VBC, Rocha KC, Machado CD, Paschoal FC, Gnann LA, Fonseca FLA. Safety and efficacy analysis of liposomal insulin-like growth factor-1 in a fluid gel formulation for hair-loss treatment in a hamster model. Clin Exp Dermatol 2012; 37:909-12. [PMID: 22924775 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2230.2012.04441.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 has shown some interesting results in studies examining its use as a hair-loss treatment. IGF-1 works by regulating cellular proliferation and migration during the development of hair follicles. Hepatotoxicity and myelotoxicity were evaluated in hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) after topical application of the liquid gel vehicle (placebo), 1% IGF-1 or 3% IGF-1. No significant difference in the levels of aspartate aminotransferase or alanine aminotransferase was found between the control and treated groups. ELISA did not shown any increase in the plasma level of IGF-1. A haematopoietic niche was found, but it was not associated with myelotoxicity. Efficacy was determined by dermatoscopy analysis of hair density and microscopy analysis of hair diameter, with hair found to be thicker and with more rapid growth in the 3% group than in either the 1% group or the control group. These results strongly suggest that liposomal IGF-1 in a liquid gel formulation is a safe and efficient treatment for hair loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- R F Castro
- Discipline of Dermatology, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine ABC, Santo André, SP, Brazil
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Oliveira CP, Cardoso ML, Oliveira AJA, Pereira EC. Electrochemical preparation of overlapped porous layers on anodic alumina. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2009; 9:6487-6493. [PMID: 19908554 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2009.1231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we report the development of a new architecture on porous anodic alumina using the conventional two-step anodization method. The samples prepared in two identical steps using galvanostatic anodization exhibited two porous layers overlapped with distinct pore area distributions. The effects from the first anodization time and temperature on this different morphology were assessed using Factorial Design. The chemical removal time of the oxide formed during the first anodization was not relevant for the overlapped porous structure. The most important factor was the time of the first anodization required for formation of stable patterns on the substrate, which would be reproduced in the second anodization. A pore mismatch appeared because under galvanostatic control the changes in the actual area become important, which is not the case for sample preparation under potentiostatic control where the current density is adjusted according to the new boundary condition. The new architecture with mismatching layers may open the way for further applications of porous alumina as template for nanomaterial.
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Affiliation(s)
- C P Oliveira
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Caixa Postal 676, CEP 13565-905, São Carlos, SP Brasil
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Ferderbar S, Pereira EC, Apolinário E, Bertolami MC, Faludi A, Monte O, Calliari LE, Sales JE, Gagliardi AR, Xavier HT, Abdalla DSP. Cholesterol oxides as biomarkers of oxidative stress in type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2007; 23:35-42. [PMID: 16634125 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus. The aim of this study was to evaluate the formation of cholesterol oxides (ChOx) as biomarkers of oxidative stress in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and diabetes. METHODS Blood plasma levels of cholesterol oxidation products were determined in the following groups: type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1), type 2 diabetes (DM2), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), children without diabetes (C1) and adults without diabetes (C2). The serum levels of cholest-5-ene-3alpha,7alpha-diol (7alpha-hydroxycholesterol, 7alpha-OH), cholest-5-ene-3beta,7beta-diol (7beta-hydroxycholesterol, 7beta-OH), 3beta-hydroxycholest-5-7-one (7-ketocholesterol, 7-K), 5alpha-cholestane-3beta,5,6beta-triol (cholestanetriol), 5,6alpha-epoxy-5alpha-cholestan-3alpha-ol (cholesterol-5alpha,6alpha-epoxide,), 5,6beta-epoxy-5beta-cholestan-3beta-ol (cholesterol-5beta,6beta-epoxide) and cholest-5-eno-3beta,25-diol (25-hydroxycholesterol, 25-OH) (trivial name and abbreviations indicated in parentheses) were quantified by gas chromatography using flame ionization detection. RESULTS The levels of total ChOx were elevated in the DM1 and DM2 groups compared to age-matched subjects without diabetes (p < 0.05). The concentrations of 7beta-hydroxycholesterol, cholesterol-alpha-epoxide and cholesterol-beta-epoxide were higher in the blood plasma of subjects in the DM2 group than in the blood plasma of subjects in the C2 and IGT groups (p < 0.05). Treatment of type 2 diabetic patients with oral hypoglycemic drugs associated with insulin resulted in lower concentrations of nitrotyrosine in the blood plasma without significant changes in the concentrations of glucose and glycated hemoglobin. Moreover, combination with statins in both treatments decreased the concentrations of ChOx. CONCLUSIONS ChOx are suitable biomarkers of oxidative stress and may be useful in clinical studies to follow drug effects on lipid oxidative modifications in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ferderbar
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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De Carvalho EAB, Andrade PP, Silva NH, Pereira EC, Figueiredo RCBQ. Effect of usnic acid from the lichen Cladonia substellata on Trypanosoma cruzi in vitro: an ultrastructural study. Micron 2005; 36:155-61. [PMID: 15629646 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2004.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2004] [Revised: 09/16/2004] [Accepted: 09/16/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy for Chagas' disease is still unsatisfactory due to toxicity and limited effectiveness of the available drugs. In this work we have investigated the effect of usnic acid, isolated from lichen Cladonia substellata, against Trypanosoma cruzi, in vitro. Incubation of culture epimastigotes with 5-30microg/ml of this compound resulted in growth inhibition in a dosis-dependent manner. Ultrastructural analysis of treated epimastigotes showed damage to mitochondria, with a marked increase in kinetoplast volume and vacuolation of the mitochondrial matrix. Intense lysis of bloodstream trypomastigotes was observed with all drug concentrations tested. Besides mitochondrial and kinetoplast damage, trypomastigotes also presented enlargement of the flagellar pocket, as well as intense cytoplasm vacuolation. Treatment of infected macrophages with 40 or 80microg/ml usnic acid induced marked cytoplasm vacuolation in intracellular amastigote forms, with disorganization of parasite kinetoplast and mitochondria, but with no significant ultrastructural damage to the host cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A B De Carvalho
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia Keizo Asami, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
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Morini CC, Pereira EC, Selistre de Araújo HS, Ownby CL, Salvini TF. Injury and recovery of fast and slow skeletal muscle fibers affected by ACL myotoxin isolated from Agkistrodon contortrix laticinctus (Broad-Banded copperhead) venom. Toxicon 1998; 36:1007-24. [PMID: 9690794 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-0101(97)00112-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The response of different types of skeletal muscle fibers to a snake venom PLA2 myotoxin was tested in vivo by injecting ACL myotoxin (ACLMT) into mice. Both the soleus (slow-twitch) and gastrocnemius (fast-twitch) were examined at different time periods (3 h, 3 and 21 d) after the injection. All animals received 5 mg/kg myotoxin into the subcutaneous lateral region of the right hind limb, near the Achilles tendon; contralateral muscles were used as controls. Cross-sections (10 microm) of frozen muscle tissue were cut from the medial region of the muscle. Alternate serial sections were stained either with toluidine blue or for acid phosphatase, myofibrillar ATPase activity after alkali (pH 10.3) or acid preincubation (pH 4.3), succinate dehydrogenase or acetylcholinesterase. Several stages of necrosis were observed 3 h after ACLMT injection, in both superficial and deep regions of both muscles. In these same regions 3 d after injection, clusters of regenerated muscle fibers were present, and some of them presented AChE activity. Twenty-one days after ACLMT injection the muscle fibers of soleus and gastrocnemius presented only chronic signs of damage such as split fibers and centralized nuclei. Using m-ATPase reactions it was possible to determine that both muscle fiber types I and II were injured in both muscles. The number of type IIC fibers was significantly increased, and the number of type II fibers significantly decreased in the gastrocnemius 21 d after ACLMT injection, suggesting a change in muscle fiber type from type II to type I, through type IIC. The increased number of type IIC fibers and the presence of AChE activity in clusters of regenerating fibers and split fibers indicate that injury by ACLMT produces axonal remodeling and muscle fiber type change.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Morini
- Laboratório de Neurociências, Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, SP, Brasil
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Genzini T, de Oliveira e Silva A, de Miranda MP, de Melo CR, Felipe RJ, dos Santos TE, Cardoso ES, Costa-Filho CF, Haetinger RG, Pereira EC. [Hepatic hemangioma. Analysis of 103 cases. Clinical considerations and imaging methods]. Arq Gastroenterol 1995; 32:162-7. [PMID: 8734851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Hemangiomas are the most common benign vascular tumor found in the liver. In this study, 103 cases of hepatic hemangiomas were analysed in a retrospective manner. Image aspects such as those seen in ultrassonography, computed tomography, nuclear magnetic resonance and arteriography are discussed. The incidence was higher amongst the female sex, between individuals from 40 to 60 years old, which presented predominantly without symptoms (66%) and localized mainly in the right hepatic lobe (74%). The meaning of those aspects, when adopted, permits the clinicians to differentiate benign from malignant nodular lesions in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Genzini
- Cirurgião do Centro Terapêutico Especializado em Fígado, Hospital Beneficência Portuguesa de São Paulo
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Pereira EC, Bulhoes LO, Pawlicka A, Nascimento OR, Faria RM, Walmsley L. Thermal-history-dependent transition in pressed pellets of ClO4--doped poly(3-methylthiophene). Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1994; 50:3648-3651. [PMID: 9976643 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.50.3648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Rezende MA, Jorge IM, Celeste MA, Figueira VL, Gushiken IF, Pereira EC. [Project G.O.B.I. (growth, oral rehydration, breast feeding, immunization)--a proposal of care for the institutionalized child]. Rev Esc Enferm USP 1985; 19:239-45. [PMID: 3854841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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Abstract
Fifteen cases of smooth muscle tumor of the alimentary tract were collected for analysis from several institutions. The findings showed that angiography is the best method available for diagnosis and evaluation of such tumors but is unable to differentiate benign from malignant lesions unless arterial invasion is detected. Computer tomography, ultrasound, and angiography are compared in the diagnosis of one case. Additionally, the angiographic pattern of a leiomyoblastoma is presented, presumably for the first time.
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