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Zilliox MJ, Foecking EM, Kuffel GR, Conneely M, Saban KL, Herrold AA, Kletzel SL, Radke JR, Walsh E, Guernon A, Pape A, Ripley DL, Patil V, Pacheco MS, Rosenow JM, Bhaumik R, Bhaumik D, Pape TLB. An Initial miRNA Profile of Persons With Persisting Neurobehavioral Impairments and States of Disordered Consciousness After Severe Traumatic Brain Injury. J Head Trauma Rehabil 2023; 38:E267-E277. [PMID: 36350037 DOI: 10.1097/htr.0000000000000821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the merits of using microRNAs (miRNAs) as biomarkers of disorders of consciousness (DoC) due to traumatic brain injury (TBI). SETTINGS Acute and subacute beds. PARTICIPANTS Patients remaining in vegetative and minimally conscious states (VS, MCS), an average of 1.5 years after TBI, and enrolled in a randomized clinical trial ( n = 6). Persons without a diagnosed central nervous system disorder, neurotypical controls ( n = 5). DESIGN Comparison of whole blood miRNA profiles between patients and age/gender-matched controls. For patients, correlational analyses between miRNA profiles and measures of neurobehavioral function. MAIN MEASURES Baseline measures of whole blood miRNAs isolated from the cellular and fluid components of blood and measured using miRNA-seq and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Baseline neurobehavioral measures derived from 7 tests. RESULTS For patients, relative to controls, 48 miRNA were significantly ( P < .05)/differentially expressed. Cluster analysis showed that neurotypical controls were most similar to each other and with 2 patients (VS: n = 1; and MCS: n = 1). Three patients, all in MCS, clustered separately. The only female in the sample, also in MCS, formed an independent group. For the 48 miRNAs, the enriched pathways identified are implicated in secondary brain damage and 26 miRNAs were significantly ( P < .05) correlated with measures of neurobehavioral function. CONCLUSIONS Patients remaining in states of DoC an average of 1.5 years after TBI showed a different and reproducible pattern of miRNA expression relative to age/gender-matched neurotypical controls. The phenotypes, defined by miRNA profiles relative to persisting neurobehavioral impairments, provide the basis for future research to determine the miRNA profiles differentiating states of DoC and the basis for future research using miRNA to detect treatment effects, predict treatment responsiveness, and developing targeted interventions. If future research confirms and advances reported findings, then miRNA profiles will provide the foundation for patient-centric DoC neurorehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Zilliox
- Department of Ophthalmology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois (Dr Zilliox); Research and Development Service (Drs Foecking, Walsh, Guernon, and Bender Pape), Center for Innovation in Complex Chronic Healthcare & Research Service (Drs Saban, Herrold, Kletzel, and Bender Pape), Rehabilitation Service (Dr Pacheco), and Department of Neurology (Dr Patil), Edward Hines Jr VA Hospital, Hines, Illinois; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (Dr Foecking), Marcella Niehoff School of Nursing (Dr Saban), Infectious Diseases and Immunology Research Institute (Dr Radke), and Division of Infectious Diseases (Dr Radke), Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois; Loyola Genomics Facility, Loyola University, Maywood, Illinois (Ms Kuffel); Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Science and Medicine, North Chicago, Illinois (Dr Conneely); Departments of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences (Dr Herrold), Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (Drs Ripley and Bender Pape), and Neurosurgery (Dr Rosenow), Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington Medicine, Seattle (Dr Pape); Lewis University, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Romeoville, Illinois (Dr Guernon); Department of Psychiatry, Biostatistical Research Center, Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (Drs R. Bhaumik and D. Bhaumik), University of Illinois at Chicago; HealthBridge, Arlington Heights, Illinois (Dr Ripley); Dr Radke is now at Research Section, Boise VA Hospital, Boise, Idaho; Ms Kuffel is now at National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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Guernon A, Weaver J, Kot T, Ford P, Abuzahra I, Jones A, Mueller C, Slack S, Versin C, Walsh E, Pape TB, Mallinson T, Papadimitriou C. "My Person" or "A Person": CarePartner and Practitioner Perceptions Caring for Persons in Disordered Consciousness. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2022.08.639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
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Ziogos E, Chelko SP, Walsh E, Engel M, Gerstenblith G, Halushka MK, Leucker TM. Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), platelet activation and interaction with the vascular endothelium: the impact of PCSK9 inhibition with evolocumab in acute coronary syndrome. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.1281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background/Introduction
Platelet activation and endothelial dysfunction may contribute to adverse outcomes in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Pre-clinical studies indicate PCSK9 enhances platelet activation.
Purpose
Our goals were (1) to examine the role of PCSK9 as a potential mediator of platelet activation in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and (2) to perform immunohistochemical studies of left internal mammary artery (LIMA) specimens to examine interactions among PCSK9, platelets, and endothelial cells in specimens obtained during coronary bypass surgery.
Methods
Participants from the Evolocumab in Acute Coronary Syndrome trials (EVACS; NCT03515304, NCT04082442), with a NSTEMI and a troponin-I of >5 ng/ml or a STEMI were randomized to placebo or to 420 mg SC of evolocumab, a monoclonal anti-PCSK9 antibody, within 24 hours of hospitalization. We performed serial ex vivo analysis of PF4, a marker of platelet activation, in serum samples obtained at baseline (prior to study drug administration) and at day 30. PF4 values were normalized to total platelet count. All of the participants were on guideline-directed therapies for ACS. Additionally, LIMA samples from patients undergoing coronary bypass surgery were immunostained with PCSK9, the endothelial cell transmembrane glycoprotein CD31 (platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1) and the platelet surface marker CD61 (integrin beta-3). Outcome data were summarized using medians and interquartile ranges.
Results
Forty-six participants were randomized in a 1:1 fashion to placebo or to evolocumab. Mean (±SD) age of the cohort was 60±13 years, 48% were women and 22% were African American. Baseline PF4 levels (expressed as ng/1k platelets) were similar between the two groups (placebo: 9.3 [4–12] vs evolocumab 8.0 [4–12], p=0.8). In the placebo group, there was a significant increase in PF4 at 30 days to 13.1 [11–14], p<0.01 (baseline vs 30 days). In contrast, there was no significant change from baseline in the evolocumab group at 30 days (10.7 [6–13]), which was significantly lower than the placebo group (p=0.04). Furthermore, immunostaining of LIMA specimens obtained from patients during coronary artery bypass surgery revealed colocalization of PCSK9, CD31, and CD61 on the vascular endothelial cell surface (see Figure).
Conclusion
PCSK9 inhibition with evolocumab decreases platelet activation in ACS patients on dual anti-platelet therapy. PCSK9 is associated with platelets and endothelial cells at the vascular endothelium. PCSK9 is a potential mediator of the interaction between platelets and vascular endothelial cells in patients with coronary artery disease.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Other. Main funding source(s): Amgen
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Affiliation(s)
- E Ziogos
- The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine , Baltimore , United States of America
| | - S P Chelko
- Florida State University College of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences , Tallahassee , United States of America
| | - E Walsh
- The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Pathology , Baltimore , United States of America
| | - M Engel
- Florida State University College of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences , Tallahassee , United States of America
| | - G Gerstenblith
- The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine , Baltimore , United States of America
| | - M K Halushka
- The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Pathology , Baltimore , United States of America
| | - T M Leucker
- The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine , Baltimore , United States of America
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Walsh E, Carreno-Florez G, Lane S, Delgoffe G, Bomberger J. 436 Characterizing lactate as a key metabolite in the cystic fibrosis lung environment. J Cyst Fibros 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(22)01126-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Schiller CE, Walsh E, Eisenlohr-Moul TA, Prim J, Dichter GS, Schiff L, Bizzell J, Slightom SL, Richardson EC, Belger A, Schmidt P, Rubinow DR. Effects of gonadal steroids on reward circuitry function and anhedonia in women with a history of postpartum depression. J Affect Disord 2022; 314:176-184. [PMID: 35777494 PMCID: PMC9605402 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.06.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reward system dysfunction is evident across neuropsychiatric conditions. Here we present data from a double-blinded pharmaco-fMRI study investigating the triggering of anhedonia and reward circuit activity in women. METHODS The hormonal states of pregnancy and parturition were simulated in euthymic women with a history of postpartum depression (PPD+; n = 15) and those without such a history (PPD-; n = 15) by inducing hypogonadism, adding back estradiol and progesterone for 8 weeks ("addback"), and then withdrawing both steroids ("withdrawal"). Anhedonia was assessed using the Inventory of Depression and Anxiety Symptoms (IDAS) during each hormone phase. Those who reported a 30 % or greater increase in IDAS anhedonia, dysphoria, or ill temper during addback or withdrawal, compared with pre-treatment, were identified as hormone sensitive (HS+) and all others were identified as non-hormone sensitive (HS-). The monetary incentive delay (MID) task was administered during fMRI sessions at pre-treatment and during hormone withdrawal to assess brain activation during reward anticipation and feedback. RESULTS On average, anhedonia increased during addback and withdrawal in PPD+ but not PPD-. During reward feedback, both HS+ (n = 10) and HS- (n = 18) showed decreased activation in clusters in the right putamen (p < .031, FWE-corrected) and left postcentral and supramarginal gyri (p < .014, FWE-corrected) at the withdrawal scans, relative to pre-treatment scans. LIMITATIONS A modest sample size, stringent exclusion criteria, and relative lack of diversity in study participants limit the generalizability of results. CONCLUSION Although results do not explain differential hormone sensitivity in depression, they demonstrate significant effects of reproductive hormones on reward-related brain function in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E Schiller
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, United States of America.
| | - E Walsh
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, United States of America
| | - T A Eisenlohr-Moul
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, United States of America
| | - J Prim
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, United States of America
| | - G S Dichter
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, United States of America
| | - L Schiff
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, United States of America
| | - J Bizzell
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, United States of America
| | - S L Slightom
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, United States of America
| | | | - A Belger
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, United States of America
| | - P Schmidt
- National Institute of Mental Health, Behavioral Endocrinology Branch, United States of America
| | - D R Rubinow
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, United States of America
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Fegan J, Walsh E. Experiences and attitudes of mental health care staff to the reporting of violence in the workplace in the Republic of Ireland. Eur Psychiatry 2022. [PMCID: PMC9566787 DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction
The WHO and the Violence Prevention Alliance define violence as “the intentional use of physical force or power, threatened or actual, against oneself, another person, or against a group or community, that either results in or has a high likelihood of resulting in injury, death, psychological harm, maldevelopment, or deprivation.” The types of violence examined in this study include physical, sexual, verbal and racial as the most commonly reported manifestations of violence in the workplace.
Objectives
To obtain the most recent statistics on violent acts perpetrated against mental health care workers in the Republic of Ireland. To capture the experiences and attitudes of staff to the reporting of this violence.
Methods
The State Claims Agency (SCA) were contacted to obtain the most up to date figures on violence against mental health care workers. An electronic survey based on the WHO’s validated questionnaire on violence was then disseminated to all acute psychiatric units nationally.
Results
There were 6,690 episodes of violence against staff in the Mental Health Division in 2018 and 2019. The survey found, 92.4% of respondents reported verbal abuse, 30.3% recorded physical assault, 15.2% had suffered sexual violence in a 24 month period. 20.3% of study participants took no action. Of those who did, 70% felt that the incident had not been investigated properly. More than half of respondents felt that there were no consequences to the aggressor.
Conclusions
Further work is needed in the prevention of workplace violence as well as improvements in reporting and investigating of incidents when they do occur.
Disclosure
No significant relationships.
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Papadimitriou C, Weaver JA, Guernon A, Walsh E, Mallinson T, Pape TLB. "Fluctuation is the norm": Rehabilitation practitioner perspectives on ambiguity and uncertainty in their work with persons in disordered states of consciousness after traumatic brain injury. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0267194. [PMID: 35446897 PMCID: PMC9022828 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to describe the clinical lifeworld of rehabilitation practitioners who work with patients in disordered states of consciousness (DoC) after severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). We interviewed 21 practitioners using narrative interviewing methods from two specialty health systems that admit patients in DoC to inpatient rehabilitation. The overarching theme arising from the interview data is "Experiencing ambiguity and uncertainty in clinical reasoning about consciousness" when treating persons in DoC. We describe practitioners' practices of looking for consistency, making sense of ambiguous and hard to explain patient responses, and using trial and error or "tinkering" to care for patients. Due to scientific uncertainty about diagnosis and prognosis in DoC and ambiguity about interpretation of patient responses, working in the field of DoC disrupts the canonical meaning-making processes that practitioners have been trained in. Studying the lifeworld of rehabilitation practitioners through their story-making and story-telling uncovers taken-for-granted assumptions and normative structures that may exist in rehabilitation medical and scientific culture, including practitioner training. We are interested in understanding these canonical breaches in order to make visible how practitioners make meaning while treating patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Papadimitriou
- Departments of Interdisciplinary Health Sciences, and Sociology, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, United States of America
| | - Jennifer A. Weaver
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States of America
| | - Ann Guernon
- Speech-Language Pathology Department, Lewis University, Romeoville, IL, United States of America
| | - Elyse Walsh
- Research Service and Center for Innovation in Complex Chronic Healthcare, Edward Hines Jr. VA, Hines, IL, United States of America
| | - Trudy Mallinson
- Department of Clinical Research & Leadership, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Theresa L. Bender Pape
- Research Service and Center for Innovation in Complex Chronic Healthcare, Edward Hines Jr. VA, Hines, IL, United States of America
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States of America
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Tolchin D, Yeager JP, Prasad P, Dorrani N, Russi AS, Martinez-Agosto JA, Haseeb A, Angelozzi M, Santen G, Ruivenkamp C, Mercimek-Andrews S, Depienne C, Kuechler A, Mikat B, Ludecke HJ, Bilan F, Le Guyader G, Gilbert-Dussardier B, Keren B, Heide S, Haye D, Van Esch H, Keldermans L, Ortiz D, Lancaster E, Krantz ID, Krock BL, Pechter KB, Arkader A, Medne L, DeChene ET, Calpena E, Melistaccio G, Wilkie AO, Suri M, Foulds N, Begtrup A, Henderson LB, Forster C, Reed P, McDonald MT, McConkie-Rosell A, Thevenon J, Le Tanno P, Coutton C, Tsai AC, Stewart S, Maver A, Gorazd R, Pichon O, Nizon M, Cogné B, Isidor B, Martin-Coignard D, Stoeva R, Lefebvre V, Le Caignec C, Ambrose J, Bleda M, Boardman-Pretty F, Boissiere J, Boustred C, Caulfield M, Chan G, Craig C, Daugherty L, de Burca A, Devereau A, Elgar G, Foulger R, Fowler T, Furió-Tarí P, Hackett J, Halai D, Holman J, Hubbard T, Kasperaviciute D, Kayikci M, Lahnstein L, Lawson K, Leigh S, Leong I, Lopez F, Maleady-Crowe F, Mason J, McDonagh E, Moutsianas L, Mueller M, Need A, Odhams C, Patch C, Perez-Gil D, Polychronopoulos D, Pullinger J, Rahim T, Rendon A, Rogers T, Ryten M, Savage K, Scott R, Siddiq A, Sieghart A, Smedley D, Smith K, Sosinsky A, Spooner W, Stevens H, Stuckey A, Thomas E, Thompson S, Tregidgo C, Tucci A, Walsh E, Watters S, Welland M, Williams E, Witkowska K, Wood S, Zarowiecki M. De Novo SOX6 Variants Cause a Neurodevelopmental Syndrome Associated with ADHD, Craniosynostosis, and Osteochondromas. Am J Hum Genet 2020; 106:830-845. [PMID: 32442410 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2020.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
SOX6 belongs to a family of 20 SRY-related HMG-box-containing (SOX) genes that encode transcription factors controlling cell fate and differentiation in many developmental and adult processes. For SOX6, these processes include, but are not limited to, neurogenesis and skeletogenesis. Variants in half of the SOX genes have been shown to cause severe developmental and adult syndromes, referred to as SOXopathies. We here provide evidence that SOX6 variants also cause a SOXopathy. Using clinical and genetic data, we identify 19 individuals harboring various types of SOX6 alterations and exhibiting developmental delay and/or intellectual disability; the individuals are from 17 unrelated families. Additional, inconstant features include attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism, mild facial dysmorphism, craniosynostosis, and multiple osteochondromas. All variants are heterozygous. Fourteen are de novo, one is inherited from a mosaic father, and four offspring from two families have a paternally inherited variant. Intragenic microdeletions, balanced structural rearrangements, frameshifts, and nonsense variants are predicted to inactivate the SOX6 variant allele. Four missense variants occur in residues and protein regions highly conserved evolutionarily. These variants are not detected in the gnomAD control cohort, and the amino acid substitutions are predicted to be damaging. Two of these variants are located in the HMG domain and abolish SOX6 transcriptional activity in vitro. No clear genotype-phenotype correlations are found. Taken together, these findings concur that SOX6 haploinsufficiency leads to a neurodevelopmental SOXopathy that often includes ADHD and abnormal skeletal and other features.
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Cherbuin N, Walsh E, Baune BT, Anstey KJ. Oxidative stress, inflammation and risk of neurodegeneration in a population sample. Eur J Neurol 2019; 26:1347-1354. [PMID: 31081571 DOI: 10.1111/ene.13985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Inflammation and oxidative stress (OS) have been clearly linked to neurodegeneration. However, studies investigating the associations between peripheral markers of inflammation and cognitive decline have produced mixed results. This is possibly due to the fact that markers are typically tested individually despite the fact that biologically they function interactively. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the association between a combination of OS/inflammation markers and outcomes including mild cognitive impairment (MCI) diagnosis, cognitive decline and hippocampal atrophy. METHODS Oxidative stress/inflammation status was assessed in 380 older community-living individuals. Thirteen blood markers were assayed. Principal component analysis (PCA) of all markers was conducted to identify the more salient inflammatory components. Associations between significant principal components, MCI diagnosis, previous change in Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score and hippocampal atrophy were investigated through logistic and linear multiple regression. RESULTS Two factors (PC1 and PC2) reflecting predominantly broad pro-inflammatory activity and two factors (PC3 and PC4) reflecting predominantly OS activity were identified by PCA analysis. PC3 and PC4 were predictive of MCI. PC3 was also predictive of prior MMSE change. PC1, PC2 and PC3 were significantly associated with hippocampal atrophy. CONCLUSIONS Combined analysis of complex and interacting biomarkers revealed a protective association between antioxidant activity and MCI that is consistent with lifestyle factors shown to reduce risk of cognitive decline. OS and broad systemic inflammation were also found to be associated with hippocampal atrophy further highlighting the benefits of the PCA methodology applied in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Cherbuin
- Centre for Research on Ageing, Health and Wellbeing, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - E Walsh
- Centre for Research on Ageing, Health and Wellbeing, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - B T Baune
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry/Florey Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - K J Anstey
- Centre for Research on Ageing, Health and Wellbeing, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia.,School of Psychology/NeuRA, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Guernon A, Walsh E, Weaver J, Pape TB, Mallinson T. Aligning Two Neurobehavioral Assessment Tools for Patients With Disorders of Consciousness. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2018.08.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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11
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Walsh E, Ragavan S. 28HIV AND OSTEOPOROSIS: SHOULD HIV SCREENING BE INCLUDED IN A ROUTINE ASSESSMENT OF BONE HEALTH? Age Ageing 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afy124.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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12
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Greene RK, Spanos M, Alderman C, Walsh E, Bizzell J, Mosner MG, Kinard JL, Stuber GD, Chandrasekhar T, Politte LC, Sikich L, Dichter GS. The effects of intranasal oxytocin on reward circuitry responses in children with autism spectrum disorder. J Neurodev Disord 2018; 10:12. [PMID: 29587625 PMCID: PMC5870086 DOI: 10.1186/s11689-018-9228-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intranasal oxytocin (OT) has been shown to improve social communication functioning of individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and, thus, has received considerable interest as a potential ASD therapeutic agent. Although preclinical research indicates that OT modulates the functional output of the mesocorticolimbic dopamine system that processes rewards, no clinical brain imaging study to date has examined the effects of OT on this system using a reward processing paradigm. To address this, we used an incentive delay task to examine the effects of a single dose of intranasal OT, versus placebo (PLC), on neural responses to social and nonsocial rewards in children with ASD. METHODS In this placebo-controlled double-blind study, 28 children and adolescents with ASD (age: M = 13.43 years, SD = 2.36) completed two fMRI scans, one after intranasal OT administration and one after PLC administration. During both scanning sessions, participants completed social and nonsocial incentive delay tasks. Task-based neural activation and connectivity were examined to assess the impact of OT relative to PLC on mesocorticolimbic brain responses to social and nonsocial reward anticipation and outcomes. RESULTS Central analyses compared the OT and PLC conditions. During nonsocial reward anticipation, there was greater activation in the right nucleus accumbens (NAcc), left anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), bilateral orbital frontal cortex (OFC), left superior frontal cortex, and right frontal pole (FP) during the OT condition relative to PLC. Alternatively, during social reward anticipation and outcomes, there were no significant increases in brain activation during the OT condition relative to PLC. A Treatment Group × Reward Condition interaction revealed relatively greater activation in the right NAcc, right caudate nucleus, left ACC, and right OFC during nonsocial relative to social reward anticipation during the OT condition relative to PLC. Additionally, these analyses revealed greater activation during nonsocial reward outcomes during the OT condition relative to PLC in the right OFC and left FP. Finally, functional connectivity analyses generally revealed changes in frontostriatal connections during the OT condition relative to PLC in response to nonsocial, but not social, rewards. CONCLUSIONS The effects of intranasal OT administration on mesocorticolimbic brain systems that process rewards in ASD were observable primarily during the processing of nonsocial incentive salience stimuli. These findings have implications for understanding the effects of OT on neural systems that process rewards, as well as for experimental trials of novel ASD treatments developed to ameliorate social communication impairments in ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Greene
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, USA
| | - M Spanos
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27705, USA.,Duke Center for Autism and Brain Development, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27705, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, USA.,Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27705, USA
| | - C Alderman
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27705, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, USA.,Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, USA
| | - E Walsh
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, USA
| | - J Bizzell
- Duke-UNC Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27705, USA.,Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, USA
| | - M G Mosner
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, USA
| | - J L Kinard
- Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, USA
| | - G D Stuber
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, USA.,Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, USA.,Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, USA
| | - T Chandrasekhar
- Duke Center for Autism and Brain Development, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27705, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, USA
| | - L C Politte
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, USA.,Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, USA
| | - L Sikich
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27705, USA.,Duke Center for Autism and Brain Development, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27705, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27705, USA
| | - G S Dichter
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, USA. .,Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, USA. .,Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, USA. .,Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, CB 7155, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7155, USA.
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Abstract
Root-knot nematodes damage crops around the world by developing complex feeding sites from normal root cells of their hosts. The ability to initiate and maintain this feeding site (composed of individual "giant cells") is essential to their parasitism process. RNA silencing pathways in plants serve a diverse set of functions, from directing growth and development to defending against invading pathogens. Influencing a host's RNA silencing pathways as a pathogenicity strategy has been well-documented for viral plant pathogens, but recently, it has become clear that silencing pathways also play an important role in other plant pathosystems. To determine if RNA silencing pathways play a role in nematode parasitism, we tested the susceptibility of plants that express a viral suppressor of RNA silencing. We observed an increase in susceptibility to nematode parasitism in plants expressing viral suppressors of RNA silencing. Results from studies utilizing a silenced reporter gene suggest that active suppression of RNA silencing pathways may be occurring during nematode parasitism. With these studies, we provide further evidence to the growing body of plant-biotic interaction research that suppression of RNA silencing is important in the successful interaction between a plant-parasitic animal and its host.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Walsh
- 1 Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University, OARDC, Wooster, OH 44691, U.S.A.; and
| | - J M Elmore
- 2 Department of Plant Pathology & Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, U.S.A
| | - C G Taylor
- 1 Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University, OARDC, Wooster, OH 44691, U.S.A.; and
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14
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Walsh E, Shou Y, Han J, Brinker JK. Development and Validation of a Chinese Language Version of the Ruminative Thought Styles Questionnaire. Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/0734282917696937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The Ruminative Thought Styles Questionnaire (RTS) conceptualizes rumination as repetitive, recurrent, intrusive, and uncontrollable thinking. This article outlines the development and validation of a Chinese language version of the RTS, the RTS-CH. Following independent translation, back translation, and final translation checking, the factor structure, convergent and divergent validity, and item-level congruence of the RTS-CH was examined and improved. The resultant scale showed equivalence to the RTS and had attractive psychometric properties. The RTS-CH is the first Chinese language rumination measure that does not have inherently negative or depressive content.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Walsh
- Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Y. Shou
- Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - J. Han
- Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - J. K. Brinker
- Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia
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15
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Booth V, Walsh E, Dollman J. The demographic influence on physical activity trends among South Australian children and adolescents. J Sci Med Sport 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2017.01.215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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16
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Donovan JL, Hamdy FC, Lane JA, Mason M, Metcalfe C, Walsh E, Blazeby JM, Peters TJ, Holding P, Bonnington S, Lennon T, Bradshaw L, Cooper D, Herbert P, Howson J, Jones A, Lyons N, Salter E, Thompson P, Tidball S, Blaikie J, Gray C, Bollina P, Catto J, Doble A, Doherty A, Gillatt D, Kockelbergh R, Kynaston H, Paul A, Powell P, Prescott S, Rosario DJ, Rowe E, Davis M, Turner EL, Martin RM, Neal DE. Patient-Reported Outcomes after Monitoring, Surgery, or Radiotherapy for Prostate Cancer. N Engl J Med 2016; 375:1425-1437. [PMID: 27626365 PMCID: PMC5134995 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1606221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 827] [Impact Index Per Article: 103.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Robust data on patient-reported outcome measures comparing treatments for clinically localized prostate cancer are lacking. We investigated the effects of active monitoring, radical prostatectomy, and radical radiotherapy with hormones on patient-reported outcomes. METHODS We compared patient-reported outcomes among 1643 men in the Prostate Testing for Cancer and Treatment (ProtecT) trial who completed questionnaires before diagnosis, at 6 and 12 months after randomization, and annually thereafter. Patients completed validated measures that assessed urinary, bowel, and sexual function and specific effects on quality of life, anxiety and depression, and general health. Cancer-related quality of life was assessed at 5 years. Complete 6-year data were analyzed according to the intention-to-treat principle. RESULTS The rate of questionnaire completion during follow-up was higher than 85% for most measures. Of the three treatments, prostatectomy had the greatest negative effect on sexual function and urinary continence, and although there was some recovery, these outcomes remained worse in the prostatectomy group than in the other groups throughout the trial. The negative effect of radiotherapy on sexual function was greatest at 6 months, but sexual function then recovered somewhat and was stable thereafter; radiotherapy had little effect on urinary continence. Sexual and urinary function declined gradually in the active-monitoring group. Bowel function was worse in the radiotherapy group at 6 months than in the other groups but then recovered somewhat, except for the increasing frequency of bloody stools; bowel function was unchanged in the other groups. Urinary voiding and nocturia were worse in the radiotherapy group at 6 months but then mostly recovered and were similar to the other groups after 12 months. Effects on quality of life mirrored the reported changes in function. No significant differences were observed among the groups in measures of anxiety, depression, or general health-related or cancer-related quality of life. CONCLUSIONS In this analysis of patient-reported outcomes after treatment for localized prostate cancer, patterns of severity, recovery, and decline in urinary, bowel, and sexual function and associated quality of life differed among the three groups. (Funded by the U.K. National Institute for Health Research Health Technology Assessment Program; ProtecT Current Controlled Trials number, ISRCTN20141297 ; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02044172 .).
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Glynn S, Garrrido-Cuesta P, Wink D, Ridnour L, Ambs S, Keane M, Walsh E, Callagy G. Abstract P2-05-15: NOS2&COX2 activation of TLR4 & EGFR signalling causes poor outcome in oestrogen receptor-negative breast cancer via pro-survival signals and immune polarisation. Cancer Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs15-p2-05-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
We seek to further elucidate mechanisms by which inflammatory mediators promote estrogen receptor (ER)-negative breast cancer progression and poor survival. We previously reported association between inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS2) and poor outcome in ER-negative tumours. In tumours aberrant NOS2 induction facilitates tissue remodelling and stimulates neovascularisation. Also involved in inflammation and wound healing is cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2). We demonstrated that COX2 is associated with Akt activation and poor outcome in ER-negative tumours. We hypothesise that co-expression COX2 with NOS2 in ER-negative tumours amplifies effects of NOS2 on poor outcome, via EGFR and TLR4 signalling loop activation, and polarization of the tumour immune-compartment to pro-tumorigenic M2 phenotype.
Methodology
We determined the association of NOS2 and COX2 co-expression on breast cancer specific survival in ER-negative and triple negative breast tumours (N=102), via immunohistochemistry and cox regression statistical analysis. To explore the mechanism of NOS2 induction of COX2 through transactivation of EGFR, NO donors in combination with EGFR inhibitors were used to determine if NO exposure results in amplified EGFR and PGE2 pro-survival and pro-metastatic signalling in triple negative breast cancer cell lines. Finally, we explored the ability of NO to modify the ability of triple negative breast cancer secretome to induce polarisation of macrophages to a pro-tumorigenic M2 phenotype.
Results
Co-expression of NOS2 and COX2 in triple negative breast cancer results in poor outcome, via activation of pro-survival signalling and modification of the immune compartment to a pro-tumorigenic M2 associated phenotype. NO induces activation of growth factor signalling pathways and secretion of M2 promoting cytokines that induce THP1 macrophage polarization to an M2 phenotype.
Citation Format: Glynn S, Garrrido-Cuesta P, Wink D, Ridnour L, Ambs S, Keane M, Walsh E, Callagy G. NOS2&COX2 activation of TLR4 & EGFR signalling causes poor outcome in oestrogen receptor-negative breast cancer via pro-survival signals and immune polarisation. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Eighth Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2015 Dec 8-12; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-05-15.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Glynn
- National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland; National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Galway University Hospital, Galway, Ireland
| | - P Garrrido-Cuesta
- National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland; National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Galway University Hospital, Galway, Ireland
| | - D Wink
- National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland; National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Galway University Hospital, Galway, Ireland
| | - L Ridnour
- National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland; National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Galway University Hospital, Galway, Ireland
| | - S Ambs
- National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland; National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Galway University Hospital, Galway, Ireland
| | - M Keane
- National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland; National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Galway University Hospital, Galway, Ireland
| | - E Walsh
- National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland; National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Galway University Hospital, Galway, Ireland
| | - G Callagy
- National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland; National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Galway University Hospital, Galway, Ireland
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Walsh E, Guilmette DN, Longo MR, Moore JW, Oakley DA, Halligan PW, Mehta MA, Deeley Q. Are You Suggesting That's My Hand? The Relation Between Hypnotic Suggestibility and the Rubber Hand Illusion. Perception 2015; 44:709-23. [PMID: 26489211 DOI: 10.1177/0301006615594266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Hypnotic suggestibility (HS) is the ability to respond automatically to suggestions and to experience alterations in perception and behavior. Hypnotically suggestible participants are also better able to focus and sustain their attention on an experimental stimulus. The present study explores the relation between HS and susceptibility to the rubber hand illusion (RHI). Based on previous research with visual illusions, it was predicted that higher HS would lead to a stronger RHI. Two behavioral output measures of the RHI, an implicit (proprioceptive drift) and an explicit (RHI questionnaire) measure, were correlated against HS scores. Hypnotic suggestibility correlated positively with the implicit RHI measure contributing to 30% of the variation. However, there was no relation between HS and the explicit RHI questionnaire measure, or with compliance control items. High hypnotic suggestibility may facilitate, via attentional mechanisms, the multisensory integration of visuoproprioceptive inputs that leads to greater perceptual mislocalization of a participant's hand. These results may provide insight into the multisensory brain mechanisms involved in our sense of embodiment.
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Walsh E, Long C, Haggard P. Voluntary control of a phantom limb. Neuropsychologia 2015; 75:341-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Revised: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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20
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Feuerborn A, Prastowo A, Cook PR, Walsh E. Merging drops in a Teflon tube, and transferring fluid between them, illustrated by protein crystallization and drug screening. Lab Chip 2015; 15:3766-3775. [PMID: 26246015 DOI: 10.1039/c5lc00726g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The ability to manipulate drops with small volumes has many practical applications. Current microfluidic devices generally exploit channel geometry and/or active external equipment to control drops. Here we use a Teflon tube attached to a syringe pump and exploit the properties of interfaces between three immiscible liquids to create particular fluidic architectures. We then go on to merge any number of drops (with volumes of micro- to nano-liters) at predefined points in time and space in the tube; for example, 51 drops were merged in a defined order to yield one large drop. Using a different architecture, specified amounts of fluid were transferred between 2 nl drops at specified rates; for example, 2.5 pl aliquots were transferred (at rates of ~500 fl s(-1)) between two drops through inter-connecting nano-channels (width ~40 nm). One proof-of-principle experiment involved screening conditions required to crystallize a protein (using a concentration gradient created using such nano-channels). Another demonstrated biocompatibility; drugs were mixed with human cells grown in suspension or on surfaces, and the treated cells responded like those grown conventionally. Although most experiments were performed manually, moderate high-throughput potential was demonstrated by mixing ~1000 different pairs of 50 nl drops in ~15 min using a robot. We suggest this reusable, low-cost, and versatile methodology could facilitate the introduction of microfluidics into workflows of many experimental laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Feuerborn
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
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21
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Medani M, Collins D, Mohan HM, Walsh E, Winter DC, Baird AW. Prostaglandin D2 regulates human colonic ion transport via the DP1 receptor. Life Sci 2014; 122:87-91. [PMID: 25534438 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2014.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Revised: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Prostaglandin D2 is released by mast cells and is important in allergies. Its role in gastrointestinal function is not clearly defined. This study aimed to determine the effect of exogenous PGD2 on ion transport in ex vivo normal human colonic mucosa. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mucosal sheets were mounted in Ussing chambers and voltage clamped to zero electric potential. Ion transport was quantified as changes in short-circuit current. In separate experiments epithelial monolayers or colonic crypts, isolated by calcium chelation, were treated with PGD2 and cAMP levels determined by ELISA or calcium levels were determined by fluorimetry. KEY FINDINGS PGD2 caused a sustained, concentration-dependent rise in short-circuit current by increasing chloride secretion (EC50=376nM). This effect of PGD2 is mediated by the DP1 receptor, as the selective DP1 receptor antagonist BW A686C inhibited PGD2-induced but not PGE2-induced rise in short-circuit current. PGD2 also increased intracellular cAMP in isolated colonic crypts with no measurable influence on cytosolic calcium. PGD2 induces chloride secretion in isolated human colonic mucosa in a concentration-dependent manner with concomitant elevation of cytoplasmic cAMP in epithelial cells. SIGNIFICANCE The involvement of DP2 receptor subtypes has not previously been considered in regulation of ion transport in human intestine. Since inflammatory stimuli may induce production of eicosanoids, selective regulation of these pathways may be pivotal in determining therapeutic strategies and in understanding disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Medani
- Department of Surgery, St Vincent's University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin 4, Ireland; UCD School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; Conway Institute of Biomolecular & Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; UCD School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - D Collins
- Department of Surgery, St Vincent's University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin 4, Ireland; UCD School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; Conway Institute of Biomolecular & Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; UCD School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - H M Mohan
- Department of Surgery, St Vincent's University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin 4, Ireland; UCD School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; Conway Institute of Biomolecular & Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; UCD School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - E Walsh
- UCD School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; Conway Institute of Biomolecular & Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - D C Winter
- Department of Surgery, St Vincent's University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin 4, Ireland; UCD School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - A W Baird
- UCD School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; Conway Institute of Biomolecular & Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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22
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Thorn JC, Turner E, Hounsome L, Walsh E, Down L, Donovan J, Verne J, Neal D, Hamdy F, Martin RM, Noble S. Validation of The Hospital Episode Statistics Outpatient Dataset in England. Value Health 2014; 17:A547-A548. [PMID: 27201772 DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2014.08.1778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - E Turner
- University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | - E Walsh
- University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - L Down
- University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | - J Verne
- Public Health England, Bristol, UK
| | - D Neal
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - F Hamdy
- University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - S Noble
- University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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Turner EL, Metcalfe C, Donovan JL, Noble S, Sterne JAC, Lane JA, Avery KN, Down L, Walsh E, Davis M, Ben-Shlomo Y, Oliver SE, Evans S, Brindle P, Williams NJ, Hughes LJ, Hill EM, Davies C, Ng SY, Neal DE, Hamdy FC, Martin RM. Design and preliminary recruitment results of the Cluster randomised triAl of PSA testing for Prostate cancer (CAP). Br J Cancer 2014; 110:2829-36. [PMID: 24867688 PMCID: PMC4056057 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Screening for prostate cancer continues to generate controversy because of concerns about over-diagnosis and unnecessary treatment. We describe the rationale, design and recruitment of the Cluster randomised triAl of PSA testing for Prostate cancer (CAP) trial, a UK-wide cluster randomised controlled trial investigating the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing. METHODS Seven hundred and eighty-five general practitioner (GP) practices in England and Wales were randomised to a population-based PSA testing or standard care and then approached for consent to participate. In the intervention arm, men aged 50-69 years were invited to undergo PSA testing, and those diagnosed with localised prostate cancer were invited into a treatment trial. Control arm practices undertook standard UK management. All men were flagged with the Health and Social Care Information Centre for deaths and cancer registrations. The primary outcome is prostate cancer mortality at a median 10-year-follow-up. RESULTS Among randomised practices, 271 (68%) in the intervention arm (198,114 men) and 302 (78%) in the control arm (221,929 men) consented to participate, meeting pre-specified power requirements. There was little evidence of differences between trial arms in measured baseline characteristics of the consenting GP practices (or men within those practices). CONCLUSIONS The CAP trial successfully met its recruitment targets and will make an important contribution to international understanding of PSA-based prostate cancer screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- E L Turner
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, 39 Whatley Road, Bristol BS8 2PS, UK
| | - C Metcalfe
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, 39 Whatley Road, Bristol BS8 2PS, UK
| | - J L Donovan
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, 39 Whatley Road, Bristol BS8 2PS, UK
| | - S Noble
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, 39 Whatley Road, Bristol BS8 2PS, UK
| | - J A C Sterne
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, 39 Whatley Road, Bristol BS8 2PS, UK
| | - J A Lane
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, 39 Whatley Road, Bristol BS8 2PS, UK
| | - K N Avery
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, 39 Whatley Road, Bristol BS8 2PS, UK
| | - L Down
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, 39 Whatley Road, Bristol BS8 2PS, UK
| | - E Walsh
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, 39 Whatley Road, Bristol BS8 2PS, UK
| | - M Davis
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, 39 Whatley Road, Bristol BS8 2PS, UK
| | - Y Ben-Shlomo
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, 39 Whatley Road, Bristol BS8 2PS, UK
| | - S E Oliver
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York and the Hull York Medical School, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - S Evans
- Royal United Hospital Bath, Combe Park, Bath BA1 3NG, UK
| | - P Brindle
- Avon Primary Care Research Collaborative, Marlborough Street, South Plaza, Bristol BS1 3NX, UK
| | - N J Williams
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield S10 2JF, UK
| | - L J Hughes
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Box 279 (S4), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - E M Hill
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, 39 Whatley Road, Bristol BS8 2PS, UK
| | - C Davies
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, 39 Whatley Road, Bristol BS8 2PS, UK
| | - S Y Ng
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Freeman Hospital, High Heaton, Newcastle upon Tyne NE7 7DN, UK
| | - D E Neal
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Box 279 (S4), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - F C Hamdy
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - R M Martin
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, 39 Whatley Road, Bristol BS8 2PS, UK
- MRC/University of Bristol Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
| | - the CAP trial group
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, 39 Whatley Road, Bristol BS8 2PS, UK
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York and the Hull York Medical School, York YO10 5DD, UK
- Royal United Hospital Bath, Combe Park, Bath BA1 3NG, UK
- Avon Primary Care Research Collaborative, Marlborough Street, South Plaza, Bristol BS1 3NX, UK
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield S10 2JF, UK
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Box 279 (S4), Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Freeman Hospital, High Heaton, Newcastle upon Tyne NE7 7DN, UK
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
- MRC/University of Bristol Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
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Sweeney A, Mcgowan B, Walsh E, McDermott M, Whelan B, Silke C. AB1033 Adherence to Medications for Osteoporosis is Better in Patients Who Also Have Rheumatoid Arthritis Due to an Awareness of the Consequences of Untreated Disease and Increased Satisfaction with Healthcare Providers. Ann Rheum Dis 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.4345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Walsh E, Mehta M, Oakley D, Guilmette D, Gabay A, Halligan P, Deeley Q. Using suggestion to model different types of automatic writing. Conscious Cogn 2014; 26:24-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2014.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Revised: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Rylski B, Szeto WY, Bavaria JE, Walsh E, Anwaruddin S, Desai ND, Moser W, Herrmann HC, Milewski RK. Transcatheter aortic valve implantation in patients with ascending aortic dilatation: safety of the procedure and mid-term follow-up. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2014; 46:228-33; discussion 233. [DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezt594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Rylski B, Szeto W, Bavaria JE, Walsh E, Anwaruddin S, Desai N, Herrmann H, Milewski RK. 137 * TRANSCATHETER AORTIC VALVE IMPLANTATION IN PATIENTS WITH ASCENDING AORTIC DILATATION: SAFETY OF THE PROCEDURE AND MID-TERM FOLLOW-UP OF 100 PATIENTS. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/icvts/ivt372.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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McGettigan C, Walsh E, Jessop R, Agnew ZK, Sauter DA, Warren JE, Scott SK. Individual differences in laughter perception reveal roles for mentalizing and sensorimotor systems in the evaluation of emotional authenticity. Cereb Cortex 2013; 25:246-57. [PMID: 23968840 PMCID: PMC4259281 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bht227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans express laughter differently depending on the context: polite titters of agreement are very different from explosions of mirth. Using functional MRI, we explored the neural responses during passive listening to authentic amusement laughter and controlled, voluntary laughter. We found greater activity in anterior medial prefrontal cortex (amPFC) to the deliberate, Emitted Laughs, suggesting an obligatory attempt to determine others' mental states when laughter is perceived as less genuine. In contrast, passive perception of authentic Evoked Laughs was associated with greater activity in bilateral superior temporal gyri. An individual differences analysis found that greater accuracy on a post hoc test of authenticity judgments of laughter predicted the magnitude of passive listening responses to laughter in amPFC, as well as several regions in sensorimotor cortex (in line with simulation accounts of emotion perception). These medial prefrontal and sensorimotor sites showed enhanced positive connectivity with cortical and subcortical regions during listening to involuntary laughter, indicating a complex set of interacting systems supporting the automatic emotional evaluation of heard vocalizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- C McGettigan
- Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham TW20 0EX, UK, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London WC1N 3AR, UK
| | - E Walsh
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London WC1N 3AR, UK, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - R Jessop
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London WC1N 3AR, UK
| | - Z K Agnew
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London WC1N 3AR, UK
| | - D A Sauter
- Department of Social Psychology, University of Amsterdam, 1018 XA Amsterdam, Netherlands and
| | - J E Warren
- Department of Cognitive Perceptual and Brain Sciences, University College London, London WC1H 0AP, UK
| | - S K Scott
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London WC1N 3AR, UK
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Senior J, Forsyth K, Walsh E, O'Hara K, Stevenson C, Hayes A, Short V, Webb R, Challis D, Fazel S, Burns A, Shaw J. Health and social care services for older male adults in prison: the identification of current service provision and piloting of an assessment and care planning model. Health Services and Delivery Research 2013. [DOI: 10.3310/hsdr01050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractBackgroundOlder prisoners are the fastest growing subgroup in the English and Welsh prison estate. Existing research highlights that older prisoners have high health and social care needs and that, currently, these needs routinely remain unmet.Objectives(1) To explore the needs of men entering and leaving prison; (2) to describe current provision of services, including integration between health and social care services; and (3) to develop and pilot an intervention for identifying health and social care needs on reception into prison, ensuring that these are systematically addressed during custody.MethodsThe research programme was a mixed-methods study comprising four parts: (1) a study of all prisons in England and Wales housing older adult men, establishing current availability and degree of integration between health and social care services through a national survey and qualitative interviews; (2) establishing the health and social care needs of older men entering prison, including experiences of reception into custody, through structured (n = 100) and semistructured (n = 27) interviews; (3) the development and implementation of an intervention to identify and manage the health, social care and custodial needs of older men entering prison; and (4) exploration of the health and social care needs of older men released from prison into the community through qualitative interviews with older prisoners prior to and following discharge from prison. Descriptive statistics were produced for all quantitative data, and qualitative data were analysed using the constant comparison method.ResultsThe number of older prisoner leads has increased in recent years but they do not all appear always to be active in their roles, nor in receipt of specialist training. Nearly half (44%) of establishments do not have an older prisoner policy. There is a lack of integration between health and social care services because of ambiguity regarding responsibility for older prisoners' social care. The responsible social service may be located a considerable distance from where the prisoner is held; in such instances, local social services do not co-ordinate their care. The most frequent unmet need on prison entry was the provision of information about care and treatment. Release planning for older prisoners was frequently non-existent.LimitationsThe study used a cut-off age of 60 years as the lower limit for the definition of an older prisoner; evidence has emerged that supports a redefinition of that cut-off to 50 years. Our study examined the care provided for men and this should be considered if contemplating using the Older prisoner Health and Social Care Assessment and Plan (OHSCAP) with older women in prison.ConclusionThe OHSCAP, developed as part of this study, provided a feasible and acceptable means of identifying and systematically addressing older prisoners' health and social care needs. Future work will include the conduct of a randomised controlled trial to examine the impact of the OHSCAP in terms of improving a range of outcomes, including economic impact.FundingThe National Institute for Health Research Health Services and Delivery Research programme.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Senior
- Institute of Brain Behaviour and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - K Forsyth
- Institute of Brain Behaviour and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - E Walsh
- School of Health Care, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - K O'Hara
- Institute of Brain Behaviour and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - C Stevenson
- Institute of Brain Behaviour and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - A Hayes
- Institute of Brain Behaviour and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - V Short
- Institute of Brain Behaviour and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - R Webb
- Institute of Brain Behaviour and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - D Challis
- Personal Social Services Research Unit, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - S Fazel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - A Burns
- Institute of Brain Behaviour and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - J Shaw
- Institute of Brain Behaviour and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Kooyman I, Walsh E, Stevens H, Burns T, Tyrer P, Tattan T, Dean K. Criminal offending before and after the onset of psychosis: examination of an offender typology. Schizophr Res 2012; 140:198-203. [PMID: 22819123 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2012.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2011] [Revised: 06/26/2012] [Accepted: 06/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Clinicians often consider whether or not offenders with psychosis have a history of offending pre-dating the onset of their illness. The typology of offenders based on age at first offence, developed in the field of criminology, has been recently extended to mentally disordered groups, but this ignores the potential role of illness onset. METHOD Using a large UK cohort of individuals with both psychosis and offending histories (n=331), we compared those with a history of offending pre-dating their illness (pre-morbid offenders) to those who commenced offending after becoming unwell (post-morbid offenders). We compared the demographic, clinical and offending pattern characteristics of the two groups. RESULTS 198 (60%) had offended before the onset of psychosis. These pre-morbid offenders were more likely to be male, have a lower pre-morbid IQ and have had a history of neurological abnormality. Pre-morbid offenders also committed more crime overall, but this was due to an excess of acquisitive, drug and minor offending, rather than violent offending, which was comparable to the post-morbid offending group. CONCLUSION Currently, standardised clinical risk assessment tools view offenders with mental illness as a homogenous group with respect to life-course patterns of offending in relation to illness. Taking account of an individual's pathway to offending may improve risk assessment and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Kooyman
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Science, Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College London, UK.
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Sirois F, Bann C, Walsh E. OA12.04. The role of mind-body awareness in complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) outcomes. BMC Complement Altern Med 2012. [PMCID: PMC3373420 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-12-s1-o48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Offspring of parents with mental disorder are at risk of a range of adverse outcomes. We sought to establish whether such risks extend to offending by examining rates of criminal conviction, including conviction for violent and sexual offences, among offspring of parents with mental disorder compared to offspring without parental disorder. METHOD From a random sample of the Danish population, a cohort aged ≤15 years (n=412,117) was followed for the occurrence of conviction between January 1981 and December 2006. Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and cumulative incidences for offspring conviction by parental mental disorder status were calculated using a Cox regression model. Analyses were repeated for conviction for a serious first offence. RESULTS Offspring with history of parental mental disorder had higher rates of conviction than those without parental disorder; rates were highest for those with two affected parents [IRR 3.39, 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.08-3.73]. The association persisted when parental gender, offspring gender and the nature of parental disorder were considered. Absolute rates were lower but relative rates higher for female offspring (IRR 3.26 for males with two affected parents, 4.52 for females). Similar patterns were seen for conviction for serious offences. Associations were attenuated after adjustment was made for family socio-economic position (SEP) and parental criminality. CONCLUSIONS Offspring of parents with mental disorder represent a group at elevated risk of criminality. This raises the possibility of shared familial vulnerability for mental disorder and criminal behaviour, and highlights the need to consider early identification and intervention in this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Dean
- Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, UK.
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Walsh E, O'Briain S, Mcardle O, Gillham C, Johnston C, Vandenberghe E, O'Mahony D. Dose-adjusted infusional chemotherapy with/without rituximab (DA EPOCH+/-R) in aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL): A single-institution experience. J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.e18545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Vogel D, Walsh E, Chen J, Comerota A. Mode of Thrombolytic Therapy and Residual Obstruction do not Affect Valve Function. J Vasc Surg 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2010.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Abstract
This paper is about the nature and construct of evidence and its relation to qualitative research. Using a post-modern lens, we begin by defining evidence, signifying the importance of context, and use discourse as a vehicle for looking at the ways in which qualitative research evidence struggles to achieve the equivalent standing of its quantitative counterpart. In outlining the role of discourse in the creation of research paradigms, we offer a conceptual map that enables a repositioning of qualitative research in the evidence-based genre. In order to best illustrate our standpoint, we then provide two examples of qualitative, transformational research approaches and relate these to the criteria of rigour and relevance, criteria which we would argue when met are examples of high-quality evidence. Having used the examples of discourse analysis and auto-ethnography, we then conclude by exposing and decentralising the myth that surrounds the discourse of evidence-based practice, which continues, albeit unintentionally, to discredit any evidence that falls outside of its parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Freshwater
- Dean and Professor, School of Healthcare, University of Leeds, UK,
| | - J. Cahill
- Research Fellow, School of Healthcare, University of Leeds, UK
| | - E. Walsh
- Senior Lecturer, School of Healthcare, University of Leeds, UK
| | - T. Muncey
- Director of Institute, Institute of Health and Social Work, University of Leeds, UK
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Ahmed F, Hwang A, Walsh E, Pomplun M. Conspicuity of Object Features Determines Local versus Global Mental Rotation Strategies. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/10.7.1005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Condon C, O'leary A, Deasy A, Collender V, Walsh E, Doherty C. 152 Poster Moderated is Self Efficacy a Predictor of Weight Loss in Obese Adults Diagnosed with Cardiac Disease? Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1474-5151(10)60113-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Condon
- University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - A. Deasy
- Mercy University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
| | - V. Collender
- South Infirmary/Victoria University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
| | - E. Walsh
- University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Walsh E, Kühn S, Brass M, Wenke D, Haggard P. EEG activations during intentional inhibition of voluntary action: An electrophysiological correlate of self-control? Neuropsychologia 2010; 48:619-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2009.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2009] [Revised: 10/09/2009] [Accepted: 10/24/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Walsh E, Saha S, Rao V, Ghanem M, Raiji M, Wiese D, Hammoud J, Bakleh M, Nelson J, Tomycz N. Thyroid cancer (Ca) found during radioguided parathyroidectomy (RP) in hyperparathyroid patients. J Clin Oncol 2008. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2008.26.15_suppl.17011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Iddings D, Saha S, Walsh E, Raiji M, Ghanem M, Rao V, Wiese D, Hammoud J, Bakleh M, Nelson J. Comparison of complications of total thyroidectomy in malignant vs. benign thyroid tumors. J Clin Oncol 2008. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2008.26.15_suppl.17012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Ghanem M, Saha S, Walsh E, Iddings D, Gayar H, Nettleton J, Wiese D, Kaushal S, Arora ML, Singh T. Patterns of recurrence and nodal staging in rectal cancer (Rca) patients undergoing sentinel lymph node mapping (SLNM) compared to conventional (conv.) surgery. J Clin Oncol 2008. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2008.26.15_suppl.15004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to establish the prevalence and predictors of violent victimization amongst a community-dwelling sample of individuals with psychosis. METHOD The 2-year prevalence of self-reported violent victimization was estimated for a sample of 708 individuals with chronic psychosis living in the community in four urban UK centres. Baseline socio-demographic and clinical factors were examined as possible risk factors for victimization over the 2-year follow-up period. RESULTS The 2-year prevalence of violent victimization in the sample was 23%. Four factors were found to be independently predictive of victimization - history of victimization, less than daily family contact, young age at illness onset and the presence of co-morbid Cluster B personality disorder. CONCLUSION Those with psychotic illnesses are at elevated risk of being assaulted. Given the likely adverse health implications, clinicians should routinely enquire about victimization in their assessments of those with psychotic disorders particularly amongst those who are socially isolated, with a younger age of illness onset and in those with co-morbid personality disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Dean
- Department of Forensic Mental Health Science, Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College London, London, UK.
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Shamash J, Powles T, Mutsvangwa K, Wilson P, Ansell W, Walsh E, Berney D, Stebbing J, Oliver T. A phase II study using a topoisomerase I-based approach in patients with multiply relapsed germ-cell tumours. Ann Oncol 2007; 18:925-30. [PMID: 17355956 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdm002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The outcome of patients with germ-cell tumours (GCTs), who relapse more than once or relapse with a mediastinal primary is poor. We have shown that topoisomerase 1 may be an attractive target in relapsed GCT. We investigated the role of irinotecan, paclitaxel and oxaliplatin (IPO) followed by topotecan-based high-dose therapy in responding patients, in this patient population. PATIENTS AND METHODS Twenty-eight patients with multiply relapsed gonadal and mediastinal GCT were recruited to this phase 2 study. All patients received IPO chemotherapy and 12 (43%) went on to receive high-dose therapy. The outcome of these patients was assessed using the Kaplan-Meier method with a median progression-free follow-up of 1 year. RESULTS Twenty patients (71%) responded to the therapy including five complete remissions (18%), 13 (46%) marker-negative partial responses and two (7%) marker-positive partial responses. Nine (32%) patients continue to be progression free, and the median survival for the whole group currently measures 17 months. Out of 12 individuals who received subsequent high-dose therapy consolidation, seven (58%) remain progression free. The commonest grade III/IV toxicity was infection (68%) and there were no IPO-related toxic deaths; there was one death from high-dose therapy. CONCLUSION Topoisomerase I-based IPO chemotherapy that lacks etoposide is very active in multiply relapsed GCT. This data merit further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Shamash
- The Department of Medical Oncology, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, UK.
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Dean K, Walsh E, Morgan C, Demjaha A, Dazzan P, Morgan K, Lloyd T, Fearon P, Jones PB, Murray RM. Aggressive behaviour at first contact with services: findings from the AESOP First Episode Psychosis Study. Psychol Med 2007; 37:547-557. [PMID: 17018170 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291706008920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aggressive behaviour is increased among those with schizophrenia but less is known about those with affective psychoses. Similarly, little is known about aggressive behaviour occurring at the onset of illness. METHOD The main reasons for presentation to services were examined among those recruited to a UK-based first episode psychosis study. The proportion of individuals presenting with aggressive behaviour was determined and these individuals were compared to those who were not aggressive on a range of variables including sociodemographic, clinical, criminal history, service contact, and symptom characteristics. Among the aggressive group, those who were physically violent were distinguished from those who were not violent but who were still perceived to present a risk of violence to others. RESULTS Almost 40% (n=194) of the sample were aggressive at first contact with services; approximately half of these were physically violent (n=103). Younger age, African-Caribbean ethnicity and a history of previous violent offending were independently associated with aggression. Aggressive behaviour was associated with a diagnosis of mania and individual manic symptoms were also associated with aggression both for the whole sample and for those with schizophrenia. Factors differentiating violent from non-violent aggressive patients included male gender, lower social class and past violent offending. CONCLUSIONS Aggressive behaviour is not an uncommon feature in those presenting with first episode psychosis. Sociodemographic and past offending factors are associated with aggression and further differentiate those presenting with more serious violence. A diagnosis of mania and the presence of manic symptoms are associated with aggression.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Dean
- Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College London, UK.
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Byrne CJ, Holland CV, Walsh E, Mulligan C, Kennedy CR, Poole WR. Utilization of brown troutSalmo truttabyAcanthocephalus clavulain an Irish lake: is this evidence of a host shift? J Helminthol 2007; 78:201-6. [PMID: 15469621 DOI: 10.1079/joh2003233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe population biology of the fish acanthocephalanAcanthocephalus clavulawas described from 161 wild brown trout,Salmo truttasampled over a two-year period in Clogher Lake in the west of Ireland. Overall prevalence of the parasite was 86% and the mean abundance was 53 worms per fish. Despite the presence of large numbers of worms in the trout very few females (2%) attained full reproductive maturity. This suggests that trout is an accidental host. A sample of yellow eels,Anguilla anguillawas examined at a different time from the same lake. The prevalence ofA. clavulawas 97% and the average abundance was 8 worms per fish. In contrast to the situation in trout, the proportion of female worms attaining full reproductive maturity was 61% fulfilling the expected characteristic of a preferred definitive host. The possible explanations for the very high abundance ofA. clavulain trout are discussed and include the influence of fluctuations in host populations, host diet and the absence of a potential competitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Byrne
- Department of Zoology, Trinity College University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
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Walsh E, Sahu N, August A. Eosinophils are Required for T Cell Infiltration of Lungs During Allergic Asthma Responses. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Mustfa N, Walsh E, Bryant V, Lyall RA, Addington-Hall J, Goldstein LH, Donaldson N, Polkey MI, Moxham J, Leigh PN. The effect of noninvasive ventilation on ALS patients and their caregivers. Neurology 2006; 66:1211-7. [PMID: 16636239 DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000208957.88534.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) reduces mortality and improves some aspects of quality of life (QoL) in ALS. However, concerns remain that progressive disability may negate these benefits and unnecessarily burden caregivers. METHODS Thirty-nine patients requiring NIV were offered treatment. Twenty-six were established on NIV, but 13 declined or could not tolerate NIV. Fifteen patients without respiratory muscle weakness (RMW) but with similar ALS severity and age were studied in parallel. Caregivers of 21 NIV, 7 untreated, and 10 patients without RMW participated. Patients and caregivers had detailed QoL measurements for 12 months. NIV patients underwent cognitive testing before and after treatment. RESULTS RMW correlated with lower QoL. The median survival of untreated patients (18 days; 95% CI 11 to 25 days) was shorter than for NIV patients (298 days; 95% CI 192 to 404 days) and non-RMW patients (370 days; 95% CI 278 to 462 days; log rank test [2 df] = 81, p = 0.00001). A wide range of QoL measures improved within 1 month of starting NIV, and improvements were maintained for 12 months. QoL of non-RMW patients declined as RMW progressed. Caregivers of NIV and non-RMW patients showed similar increases in burden, but NIV patient caregivers developed a deterioration in the Short Form-36 Vitality score. No improvements were found on measures of learning and recall in the NIV patients. CONCLUSIONS Respiratory muscle weakness has a greater impact on quality of life (QoL) than overall ALS severity. Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) improves QoL despite ALS progression. NIV has no impact on most aspects of caregiver QoL and does not significantly increase caregiver burden or stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Mustfa
- Respiratory Muscle Laboratory, Guy's, King's, and St Thomas' School of Medicine, King's College Hospital, UK.
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