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Heinrich T, Peterson C, Schneider R, Garg S, Schwarz D, Gunera J, Seshire A, Kötzner L, Schlesiger S, Musil D, Schilke H, Doerfel B, Diehl P, Böpple P, Lemos AR, Sousa PMF, Freire F, Bandeiras TM, Carswell E, Pearson N, Sirohi S, Hooker M, Trivier E, Broome R, Balsiger A, Crowden A, Dillon C, Wienke D. Optimization of TEAD P-Site Binding Fragment Hit into In Vivo Active Lead MSC-4106. J Med Chem 2022; 65:9206-9229. [PMID: 35763499 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The dysregulated Hippo pathway and, consequently, hyperactivity of the transcriptional YAP/TAZ-TEAD complexes is associated with diseases such as cancer. Prevention of YAP/TAZ-TEAD triggered gene transcription is an attractive strategy for therapeutic intervention. The deeply buried and conserved lipidation pocket (P-site) of the TEAD transcription factors is druggable. The discovery and optimization of a P-site binding fragment (1) are described. Utilizing structure-based design, enhancement in target potency was engineered into the hit, capitalizing on the established X-ray structure of TEAD1. The efforts culminated in the optimized in vivo tool MSC-4106, which exhibited desirable potency, mouse pharmacokinetic properties, and in vivo efficacy. In close correlation to compound exposure, the time- and dose-dependent downregulation of a proximal biomarker could be shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Heinrich
- Merck Healthcare KGaA, Frankfurter Str. 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Carl Peterson
- Merck Healthcare KGaA, Frankfurter Str. 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Richard Schneider
- Merck Healthcare KGaA, Frankfurter Str. 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Sakshi Garg
- Merck Healthcare KGaA, Frankfurter Str. 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Daniel Schwarz
- Merck Healthcare KGaA, Frankfurter Str. 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Jakub Gunera
- Merck Healthcare KGaA, Frankfurter Str. 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Anita Seshire
- Merck Healthcare KGaA, Frankfurter Str. 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Lisa Kötzner
- Merck Healthcare KGaA, Frankfurter Str. 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Sarah Schlesiger
- Merck Healthcare KGaA, Frankfurter Str. 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Djordje Musil
- Merck Healthcare KGaA, Frankfurter Str. 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Heike Schilke
- Merck Healthcare KGaA, Frankfurter Str. 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Benjamin Doerfel
- Merck Healthcare KGaA, Frankfurter Str. 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Patrizia Diehl
- Merck Healthcare KGaA, Frankfurter Str. 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Pia Böpple
- Merck Healthcare KGaA, Frankfurter Str. 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Ana R Lemos
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, Oeiras 2781-901, Portugal
| | - Pedro M F Sousa
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, Oeiras 2781-901, Portugal
| | - Filipe Freire
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, Oeiras 2781-901, Portugal
| | - Tiago M Bandeiras
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, Oeiras 2781-901, Portugal
| | - Emma Carswell
- Cancer Research Horizons, Jonas Webb Building, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, U.K
| | - Nicholas Pearson
- Cancer Research Horizons, Jonas Webb Building, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, U.K
| | - Sameer Sirohi
- Cancer Research Horizons, Jonas Webb Building, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, U.K
| | - Mollie Hooker
- Cancer Research Horizons, Jonas Webb Building, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, U.K.,MSD, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, U.K
| | - Elisabeth Trivier
- Cancer Research Horizons, 4NW, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, U.K
| | - Rebecca Broome
- Cancer Research Horizons, 4NW, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, U.K
| | - Alexander Balsiger
- Cancer Research Horizons, 4NW, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, U.K
| | - Abigail Crowden
- Cancer Research Horizons, 4NW, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, U.K
| | - Christian Dillon
- Cancer Research Horizons, 4NW, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, U.K
| | - Dirk Wienke
- Merck Healthcare KGaA, Frankfurter Str. 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
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3
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Hoyt SB, Park MK, London C, Xiong Y, Tata J, Bennett DJ, Cooke A, Cai J, Carswell E, Robinson J, MacLean J, Brown L, Belshaw S, Clarkson TR, Liu K, Liang GB, Struthers M, Cully D, Wisniewski T, Ren N, Bopp C, Sok A, Cai TQ, Stribling S, Pai LY, Ma X, Metzger J, Verras A, McMasters D, Chen Q, Tung E, Tang W, Salituro G, Buist N, Kuethe J, Rivera N, Clemas J, Zhou G, Gibson J, Maxwell CA, Lassman M, McLaughlin T, Castro-Perez J, Szeto D, Forrest G, Hajdu R, Rosenbach M, Ali A. Discovery of Benzimidazole CYP11B2 Inhibitors with in Vivo Activity in Rhesus Monkeys. ACS Med Chem Lett 2015; 6:573-8. [PMID: 26005536 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.5b00054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the discovery of a benzimidazole series of CYP11B2 inhibitors. Hit-to-lead and lead optimization studies identified compounds such as 32, which displays potent CYP11B2 inhibition, high selectivity versus related CYP targets, and good pharmacokinetic properties in rat and rhesus. In a rhesus pharmacodynamic model, 32 produces dose-dependent aldosterone lowering efficacy, with no apparent effect on cortisol levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott B. Hoyt
- Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Min K. Park
- Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Clare London
- Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Yusheng Xiong
- Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Jim Tata
- Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | | | - Andrew Cooke
- Merck Research Laboratories, Newhouse, Lanarkshire ML1 5SH, United Kingdom
| | - Jiaqiang Cai
- Merck Research Laboratories, Newhouse, Lanarkshire ML1 5SH, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Carswell
- Merck Research Laboratories, Newhouse, Lanarkshire ML1 5SH, United Kingdom
| | - John Robinson
- Merck Research Laboratories, Newhouse, Lanarkshire ML1 5SH, United Kingdom
| | - John MacLean
- Merck Research Laboratories, Newhouse, Lanarkshire ML1 5SH, United Kingdom
| | - Lindsay Brown
- Merck Research Laboratories, Newhouse, Lanarkshire ML1 5SH, United Kingdom
| | - Simone Belshaw
- Merck Research Laboratories, Newhouse, Lanarkshire ML1 5SH, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas R. Clarkson
- Merck Research Laboratories, Newhouse, Lanarkshire ML1 5SH, United Kingdom
| | - Kun Liu
- Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Gui-Bai Liang
- Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Mary Struthers
- Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Doris Cully
- Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Tom Wisniewski
- Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Ning Ren
- Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Charlene Bopp
- Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Andrea Sok
- Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Tian-Quan Cai
- Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Sloan Stribling
- Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Lee-Yuh Pai
- Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Xiuying Ma
- Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Joe Metzger
- Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Andreas Verras
- Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Daniel McMasters
- Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Qing Chen
- Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Elaine Tung
- Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Wei Tang
- Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Gino Salituro
- Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Nicole Buist
- Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Jeff Kuethe
- Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Nelo Rivera
- Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Joe Clemas
- Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Gaochao Zhou
- Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Jack Gibson
- Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | | | - Mike Lassman
- Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | | | - Jose Castro-Perez
- Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Daphne Szeto
- Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Gail Forrest
- Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Richard Hajdu
- Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Mark Rosenbach
- Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Amjad Ali
- Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
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6
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Vadhan-Raj S, Cordon-Cardo C, Carswell E, Mintzer D, Dantis L, Duteau C, Templeton MA, Oettgen HF, Old LJ, Houghton AN. Phase I trial of a mouse monoclonal antibody against GD3 ganglioside in patients with melanoma: induction of inflammatory responses at tumor sites. J Clin Oncol 1988; 6:1636-48. [PMID: 3171629 DOI: 10.1200/jco.1988.6.10.1636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Twenty-one patients were entered into a phase I trial to evaluate toxicity, antitumor effects, and biological responses at tumor sites during treatment of R24, an immunoglobulin G3 (IgG3) mouse monoclonal antibody (mAb) against GD3 ganglioside. Toxicity was related to dose of R24. Urticaria and pruritus were the most prominent side effects, with nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea occurring at the highest dose levels. Partial responses were observed in four patients lasting from 6 to 46 weeks, and mixed responses were seen in two patients. Responses occurred as early as 4 weeks and as late as 10 weeks after beginning treatment. Twenty of the 21 patients developed human IgG antibodies against R24. Antimouse Ig antibodies were first detected at a median of 14 days after starting treatment, but three of the four patients who had a partial response developed the antimouse Ig responses later than 20 days. Peak serum levels of R24 were related to dose and ranged from a mean of 0.9 micrograms/mL at the lowest dose level (1 mg/m2/d) to 44 micrograms/mL at the highest dose (50 mg/m2/d). The amount of R24 reaching tumor sites corresponded to the dose administered, and R24 could be detected in tumors as late as 30 days after finishing treatment. Inflammation at tumor sites was observed during treatment. Biopsies of tumors taken before, during, and after treatment revealed that R24 induced deposition of complement components, increased numbers of mast cells with mast cell degranulation, and infiltration of T lymphocytes. These results suggest that treatment with R24 can produce a localized inflammatory response at tumor sites that is capable of producing tumor regression.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Vadhan-Raj
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021
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