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Chacón-Cruz E, Lopatynsky EZ, Machado-Contreras JR, Gatica-Herrera R, Zazueta OE. Fatal Pediatric Meningococcal Invasive Disease Caused by Neisseria meningitidis Serogroup C and Co-Infected With SARS-CoV-2: Report of a Case in Tijuana, Mexico. Cureus 2022; 14:e22100. [PMID: 35295362 PMCID: PMC8917855 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.22100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) is a severe infection caused by Neisseria meningitidis, with mortality rates ranging from 10% to 40%. IMD has been confirmed to be an endemic disease in Tijuana, Mexico, right across the border from San Diego, California. To date, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is the most severe pandemic, causing more than 5.5 million deaths globally. Prior or co-infections of influenza with IMD has been reported previously; however, the participation of other respiratory viruses facilitating the invasiveness of N. meningitidis is either not shown or remains unclear. Here, we report the case of an unvaccinated (for IMD and COVID-19) seven-year-old child who had confirmed fatal IMD caused by N. meningitidis, serogroup C, and was co-infected by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.
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Gámez-González LB, Ulloa-Gutierrez R, Murata C, Yamazaki-Nakashimada MA, Kim E, Estripeaut D, Del Águila O, Garrido-García LM, Gómez V, Faugier-Fuentes E, Miño G, Beltrán S, Cofré F, Chacón-Cruz E, Saltigeral-Simental P, Martínez-Medina L, Tremoulet AH, Astigarraga N. Kawasaki disease presenting with hoarseness: A multinational study of the REKAMLATINA network. Pediatr Int 2021; 63:643-648. [PMID: 33099854 DOI: 10.1111/ped.14521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, hoarseness affecting the supraglottic structure has been reported in Kawasaki disease (KD). The objective of this study was to characterize the frequency of hoarseness in acute KD patients in Latin America. METHODS We used prospective data from the multinational Red de Enfermedad de Kawasaki en America Latina (REKAMLATINA) network. A total of 865 patients from 20 countries were enrolled during the 3 year study period. Data on hoarseness were available in 858 (99.2%) patients. The clinical and laboratory characteristics between hoarse and non-hoarse KD were compared. RESULTS Hoarseness was documented in 100 (11.6%) patients. Hoarse patients were younger than those with KD without hoarseness (median age 18 vs 26 months; P = 0.002) and presented with lower hemoglobin (10.7 g/dL vs 11.3 g/dL; P = 0.040) and hematocrit levels (32% vs 33%, P = 0.048). CONCLUSIONS Hoarseness was found to be prevalent as a presenting sign of acute KD in younger children. Anemia may indicate the presence of active inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa B Gámez-González
- Servicio Inmunología y Alergia, Hospital Infantil Especialidades de Chihuahua, Chihuahua, México
| | - Rolando Ulloa-Gutierrez
- Servicio de Infectología, Hospital Nacional de Niños "Dr Carlos Sáenz Herrera", Centro de Ciencias Médicas, Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social (CCSS), San José, Costa Rica
| | - Chiharu Murata
- Research Methodology Department, Instituto Nacional Pediatría, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Elissa Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego & Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Dora Estripeaut
- Servicio de Infectología, Hospital del Niño, Ciudad Panamá, Panamá
| | - Olguita Del Águila
- Unidad de Infectología Pediátrica del Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins-Lima-Perú, Lince, Perú
| | | | - Virgen Gómez
- Servicio de Infectología, Centro Médico, Universidad Central del Este Hospital y Hospital Infantil "Dr Robert Reid Cabral", Santo Domingo, República Dominicana
| | | | - Greta Miño
- Servicio de Infectología, Hospital del Niño "Francisco de Ycaza Bustamante", Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Sandra Beltrán
- Servicio de Infectología, Clínica Colsanitas, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Fernanda Cofré
- Servicio de Infectología, Hospital Roberto del Río, Santiago, Chile
| | | | | | | | - Adriana H Tremoulet
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego & Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA, USA
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Fortuna-Reyna B, Bainto EV, Ulloa-Gutierrez R, Garrido-García LM, Estripeaut D, Del Águila O, Gómez V, Faugier-Fuentes E, Miño-León G, Beltrán S, Cofré F, Chacón-Cruz E, Saltigeral-Simental P, Martínez-Medina L, Dueñas L, Luciani K, Rodríguez-Quiroz FJ, Camacho-Moreno G, Viviani T, Alvarez-Olmos MI, Marques HHDS, López-Medina E, Pirez MC, Tremoulet AH. Use of Adjunctive Therapy in Acute Kawasaki Disease in Latin America. Front Pediatr 2020; 8:442. [PMID: 33194876 PMCID: PMC7646534 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2020.00442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To characterize the use of adjunctive therapy in Kawasaki disease (KD) in Latin America. Methods: The study included 1,418 patients from the Latin American KD Network (REKAMLATINA) treated for KD between January 1, 2009, and May 31, 2017. Results: Of these patients, 1,152 received only a single dose of IVIG, and 266 received additional treatment. Age at onset was similar in both groups (median 2 vs. 2.2 years, respectively). The majority of patients were male (58 vs. 63.9%) and were hospitalized with the first 10 days of fever (85.1 vs. 84.2%). The most common adjunctive therapy administered was steroids for IVIG-resistance, followed by additional doses of IVIG. The use of biologics such as infliximab was limited. KD patients who received adjunctive therapy were more likely to have a lower platelet count and albumin level as well as a higher Z score of the coronary arteries. Conclusion: This is the first report of adjunctive therapies for KD across Latin America. IVIG continues to be the initial and resistance treatment, however, steroids are also used and to a lesser extent, biological therapy such as infliximab. Future studies should address the barriers to therapy in children with acute KD throughout Latin America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Fortuna-Reyna
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Hospital Universitario "Dr. José Eleuterio González", Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Emelia V Bainto
- University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States.,California/Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Rolando Ulloa-Gutierrez
- Servicio de Infectología, Hospital Nacional de Niños "Dr. Carlos Sáenz Herrera", San José, Costa Rica.,Centro de Ciencias Médicas, Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social (CCSS), San José, Costa Rica
| | | | - Dora Estripeaut
- Servicio de Infectología, Hospital del Niño Dr. José Renán Esquivel, Ciudad Panamá, Panama
| | - Olguita Del Águila
- Unidad de Infectología Pediátrica, Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins, Lima, Peru
| | - Virgen Gómez
- Servicio de Infectología, Centro Médico Universidad Central del Este Hospital y Hospital Infantil "Dr. Robert Reid Cabral", Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
| | - Enrique Faugier-Fuentes
- Servicio de Reumatología, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Greta Miño-León
- Servicio de Infectología, Hospital del Niño "Francisco de Icaza Bustamante", Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Sandra Beltrán
- Servicio de Infectología, Clínica Colsanitas, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Fernanda Cofré
- Servicio de Infectología, Hospital Roberto del Río, Santiago, Chile
| | | | | | | | - Lourdes Dueñas
- Servicio de Infectología, Hospital de Niños Benjamín Bloom, San Salvador, El Salvador
| | - Kathia Luciani
- Servicio de Infectología, Hospital de Especialidades Pediátricas Omar Torrijos Herrera, Caja de Seguro Social, Ciudad de Panamá, Panama
| | | | - German Camacho-Moreno
- Servicio de Infectología, Fundación HOMI Hospital Pediátrico de la Misericordia & Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Tamara Viviani
- Servicio de Infectología, Hospital Sotero del Río, Santiago, Chile
| | - Martha I Alvarez-Olmos
- Servicio de Infectología, Fundación Cardioinfantil & Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Eduardo López-Medina
- Centro de Estudios en Infectología Pediátrica, Departamento de Pediatría, Universidad del Valle y Centro Médico Imbanaco, Cali, Colombia
| | - María C Pirez
- Servicio de Infectología, Hospital Pediátrico Centro Hospitalario Pereira Rossell, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Adriana H Tremoulet
- University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States.,California/Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
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Becka CM, Chacón-Cruz E, Araneta MR, Viani RM. Lack of knowledge about mother-to-child HIV transmission prevention in pregnant women at Tijuana General Hospital, Baja California, Mexico. J Int Assoc Provid AIDS Care 2014; 14:72-6. [PMID: 25361556 DOI: 10.1177/2325957414557262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to identify determinants of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) knowledge regarding mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) among pregnant women at Tijuana General Hospital, Baja California, Mexico. Between March and November 2003, patients from the prenatal care (n = 1294) and labor and delivery (L&D) units (n = 495) participated in a cross-sectional study to measure HIV knowledge. Less than one-third (30%) knew that HIV could be transmitted to a child during delivery, and 36% knew that HIV could be transmitted by breast-feeding. Only 27% knew that an MTCT could be prevented. Prenatal patients were more likely to know that MTCT was preventable (prenatal: 31% versus L&D 25%; P = .02). Logistic regression indicated that prenatal patients (odds ratio = 1.49, confidence interval 1.07-2.07) were more likely to know that HIV could be transmitted through breast-feeding. Overall, both groups had poor knowledge regarding MTCT of HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Enrique Chacón-Cruz
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Disease, Tijuana General Hospital, Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico
| | | | - Rolando M Viani
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California San Diego, Rady Children's Hospital of San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
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Martínez-Aguirre AE, Romero-Mejía C, Chacón-Cruz E. [Perforated peptic ulcer: is the form of methamphetamine known as "crystal meth" a new risk factor?]. Rev Gastroenterol Mex 2012; 77:108-13. [PMID: 22921209 DOI: 10.1016/j.rgmx.2012.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2011] [Revised: 05/06/2012] [Accepted: 05/30/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The emergence of new synthetic drugs related to peptic ulcer perforation has been reported. Recently an increase in the use of inhaled methamphetamine has been observed and we have described an association of frequent use with peptic disease symptomatology and perforation. AIMS To determine whether methamphetamine use is a factor related to peptic acid disease and perforation and to establish its demographic variables. MATERIAL AND METHODS A retrospective, comparative, descriptive, and observational study was carried out through the evaluation of medical records of patients admitted to the Surgery Service with perforated ulcer, within the time frame of January 2002 to March 2005. A descriptive analysis was carried out, along with the Z test, odds ratio, confidence interval, p value and the Student's t test. RESULTS Forty-two patients were divided into 2 groups: methamphetamine users (n=25) and nonusers (n=17). There was a statistically significant difference in relation to age, which was lower in the methamphetamine user group (38,7 years vs 58,88 years, p=0.0001). In addition, there was a trend in the user group to develop peptic ulcer perforation at earlier ages compared with the nonuser group (p=0.0001). There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in regard to clinical presentation. CONCLUSIONS Methamphetamine use is related to ulcer perforation in age groups of younger patients when compared with nonuser patients.
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Viani RM, Araneta MRG, Lopez G, Chacón-Cruz E, Spector SA. Clinical Outcomes and Hospitalizations among Children Perinatally Infected with HIV-1 in Baja California, Mexico. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 10:223-8. [DOI: 10.1177/1545109711409942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study characterizes temporal trends in HIV disease progression among perinatally infected children at a clinic in Baja California, Mexico. A total of 73 children were followed, 52% were categorized under US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) classification group C with a mean age of 2.3 years (SD ± 3.16) at HIV diagnosis. For the years 1998 to 2001, 2002 to 2003, 2004 to 2005, and 2006 to 2007, highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) use increased to 60%, 75%, 83%, and 94% ( P < .001) as did mean CD4 percentage of 23.4%, 23.2%, 26.9%, and 29.0%, respectively ( P = .009), while HIV plasma RNA log10 decreased significantly (4.49, 4.23, 4.00, and 3.79, respectively; P = .019). Overall mortality was 31% (23 of 73), with pneumonia being the most common cause of death (43% of all deaths) followed by tuberculosis (22%). Mortality rates declined from 30.4% to 25%, 8.9%, and 9.3% ( p = 0.035) for the years 1998 to 2001, 2002 to 2003, 2004 to 2005, and 2006 to 2007, respectively. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that median survival was 11.2 years; 1-, 2-, and 5-year survival was 87%, 83%, and 67%, respectively. These findings document a high but improving trend in morbidity and mortality of children perinatally infected with HIV in Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolando M. Viani
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for AIDS Research, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
- School of Medicine, Rady Children’s Hospital, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Maria Rosario G. Araneta
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Graciano Lopez
- Department of Pediatrics, Tijuana General Hospital, Tijuana, Mexico
| | | | - Stephen A. Spector
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for AIDS Research, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
- School of Medicine, Rady Children’s Hospital, San Diego, CA, USA
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Viani RM, Ruiz-Calderon J, Lopez G, Chacón-Cruz E, Spector SA. Mother-to-Child HIV Transmission in a Cohort of Pregnant Women Diagnosed by Rapid HIV Testing at Tijuana General Hospital, Baja California, Mexico. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 9:82-6. [DOI: 10.1177/1545109710363920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated an obstetrical program using rapid HIV testing for the prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission (MTCT) in Baja California, Mexico. Between 2003 and 2005, 45 women in labor and 17 prenatal care women were HIV infected. Among labor patients, 14 (31%) delivered by cesarean section compared with 17 (100%) prenatal care patients (P < .001). Intravenous maternal zidovudine (ZDV) and infant oral ZDV were more frequently administered in prenatal care compared to labor patients: 94% versus 33% (P < .001) and 100% versus 79% (P < .001), respectively. All prenatal care women received combination therapy. All 10 HIV-infected infants were in the labor group, resulting in a MTCT rate of 23% (95% confidence interval [CI] 9.5-34.8) compared to 0% (95% CI 0-1.8; P < .001) among the prenatal care group. Five (50%) of the HIV-infected infants had an AIDS diagnosis and 2 (20%) died within 18 months of birth. Women diagnosed during labor had a high HIV MTCT and poor postnatal outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolando M. Viani
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA, , Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA, Center for AIDS Research, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA, UCSD Mother Child and Adolescent HIV Program, San Diego, CA, USA, Rady Children's Hospital-San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jorge Ruiz-Calderon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tijuana General Hospital, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Graciano Lopez
- Department of Pediatrics, Tijuana General Hospital, Baja California, Mexico
| | | | - Stephen A. Spector
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA, Center for AIDS Research, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA, UCSD Mother Child and Adolescent HIV Program, San Diego, CA, USA, Rady Children's Hospital-San Diego, CA, USA
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Viani RM, Lopez G, Chacón-Cruz E, Hubbard P, Spector SA. Poor outcome is associated with delayed tuberculosis diagnosis in HIV-infected children in Baja California, Mexico. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2008; 12:411-416. [PMID: 18371267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the morbidity and mortality associated with tuberculosis (TB) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected children in Baja California, Mexico. METHODS Retrospective review of the medical records of all children with perinatally acquired HIV infection evaluated at Tijuana General Hospital with a diagnosis of TB between 1998 and 2007. The Stegen-Toledo (ST) clinical criteria for the diagnosis of TB were used. RESULTS A total of 73 HIV-infected children were followed during the study period. Thirteen (18%) children were diagnosed with TB; one was confirmed by culture to be positive. Among these children, the mean ages at HIV and TB diagnosis were respectively 3.6 and 5.3 years. The mean ST score was 8.1; 10/13 had a score of >or=7, or highly probable TB. There were a cumulative 29 hospital admissions prior to TB diagnosis; 24 of these were due to pneumonia. The mean duration of symptoms at TB diagnosis was 73 days. The most common symptoms were cough (92%) and anorexia (85%). Seven patients (54%) had disseminated TB and five (39%) died as a consequence of TB. CONCLUSIONS We observed high morbidity, hospital utilization and high mortality associated with TB among HIV-infected children in Baja California.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Viani
- Department of Clinical Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Center for AIDS Research, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0672, USA.
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Viani RM, Hubbard P, Ruiz-Calderon J, Araneta MRG, Lopez G, Chacón-Cruz E, Spector SA. Performance of rapid HIV testing using Determine HIV-1/2 for the diagnosis of HIV infection during pregnancy in Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico. Int J STD AIDS 2007; 18:101-4. [PMID: 17331281 DOI: 10.1258/095646207779949655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of the rapid antibody test Determine HIV-1/2, in pregnant women at Tijuana General Hospital. Pregnant women seeking prenatal care or admitted in labour had blood drawn for a rapid HIV test (Determine HIV-1/2), enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and Western blot. Between March and November 2003, 1068 women in labour and 1529 women in prenatal care were enrolled. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were 100%, 99.8%, 77% and 100%, respectively. For women in labour, the mean time between blood collection and rapid test results was 92 minutes (range: 20-205 minutes) compared with 41 hours (range 24-120 hours) for HIV EIA (P = 0.012). All HIV-exposed infants received oral zidovudine. These findings indicate that the rapid test Determine HIV-1/2 has a high sensitivity and specificity in pregnant women. Rapid HIV testing greatly diminishes the time to diagnosis and enables prompt intervention with antiretrovirals at delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Viani
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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Viani RM, Araneta MRG, Ruiz-Calderon J, Hubbard P, Lopez G, Chacón-Cruz E, Spector SA. Perinatal HIV Counseling and Rapid Testing in Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2006; 41:87-92. [PMID: 16340479 DOI: 10.1097/01.qai.0000174657.71276.9f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the acceptance of counseling and rapid HIV testing and to determine the associated risk factors for HIV infection in pregnant women in Baja California, Mexico. METHODS Pregnant women attending Tijuana General Hospital who consented to participate in the study had blood drawn for a rapid HIV test (Determine HIV-1/2; Abbott Diagnostics, North Chicago, IL). A confirmatory enzyme immunoassay and Western blot were performed and demographic and risk factor data were obtained. RESULTS From March to November 2003, 1529 (92.5%) of 1653 women who sought prenatal care and 1068 (95.2%) of 1122 women in labor consented to participate. HIV seroprevalence was significantly higher among women screened during labor (12/1068, 1.12%) compared with those seeking prenatal care (5/1529, 0.33%). HIV-infected women were significantly more likely to use injection drugs (12% vs. 1%, P = 0.02), "other" drugs, including methamphetamine, marijuana, and cocaine (65% vs. 6%, P < 0.001), to have more sex partners (3.6 vs. 2.6, P = 0.0002), to not have received prenatal care (41% vs. 13%, P = 0.03), and to have a spouse/partner who used injection drugs (36% vs. 4%, P < 0.001) or "other" drugs (73% vs. 23%, P < 0.001). In multivariate regression analysis, use of methamphetamine (adjusted odds ratio, 17.8, 95% CI, 5.6-56) was independently associated with the risk of HIV infection. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate a wide acceptance of HIV counseling and testing and document a higher HIV seroprevalence among pregnant women delivering at Tijuana General Hospital than current established estimates in Mexico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolando M Viani
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093-0672, USA.
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Viani RM, Araneta MRG, Ruiz-Calderon J, Hubbard P, Lopez G, Chacón-Cruz E, Spector SA. Migration and Risk Factors for HIV Acquisition in Pregnant Women in Baja California, Mexico. J Int AIDS Soc 2005; 7:69. [PMID: 19744309 PMCID: PMC3225861 DOI: 10.1186/1758-2652-7-2-69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Viani RM, Araneta MRG, Ruiz-Calderon J, Hubbard P, Lopez G, Chacón-Cruz E, Spector SA. Migration and risk factors for HIV acquisition in pregnant women in Baja California, Mexico. MedGenMed 2005; 7:69. [PMID: 16369447 PMCID: PMC1681542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Roland M Viani
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, San Diego, California, USA
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