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Saquib Q, Schwaiger S, Alilou M, Ahmed S, Siddiqui MA, Ahmad J, Faisal M, Abdel-Salam EM, Wahab R, Al-Rehaily AJ, Stuppner H, Al-Khedhairy AA. Marine Natural Compound (Neviotin A) Displays Anticancer Efficacy by Triggering Transcriptomic Alterations and Cell Death in MCF-7 Cells. Molecules 2023; 28:6289. [PMID: 37687120 PMCID: PMC10488820 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28176289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the anticancer mechanism of a chloroform extract of marine sponge (Haliclona fascigera) (sample C) in human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) cells. Viability analysis using MTT and neutral red uptake (NRU) assays showed that sample C exposure decreased the proliferation of cells. Flow cytometric data exhibited reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO), dysfunction of mitochondrial potential, and apoptosis in sample C-treated MCF-7 cells. A qPCR array of sample C-treated MCF-7 cells showed crosstalk between different pathways of apoptosis, especially BIRC5, BCL2L2, and TNFRSF1A genes. Immunofluorescence analysis affirmed the localization of p53, bax, bcl2, MAPKPK2, PARP-1, and caspase-3 proteins in exposed cells. Bioassay-guided fractionation of sample C revealed Neviotin A as the most active compound triggering maximum cell death in MCF-7, indicating its pharmacological potency for the development of a drug for the treatment of human breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quaiser Saquib
- Chair for DNA Research, Zoology Department, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.S.); (J.A.); (R.W.); (A.A.A.-K.)
| | - Stefan Schwaiger
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (S.S.); (M.A.); (H.S.)
| | - Mostafa Alilou
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (S.S.); (M.A.); (H.S.)
| | - Sarfaraz Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.); (A.J.A.-R.)
| | - Maqsood A. Siddiqui
- Chair for DNA Research, Zoology Department, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.S.); (J.A.); (R.W.); (A.A.A.-K.)
| | - Javed Ahmad
- Chair for DNA Research, Zoology Department, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.S.); (J.A.); (R.W.); (A.A.A.-K.)
| | - Mohammad Faisal
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.F.); (E.M.A.-S.)
| | - Eslam M. Abdel-Salam
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.F.); (E.M.A.-S.)
| | - Rizwan Wahab
- Chair for DNA Research, Zoology Department, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.S.); (J.A.); (R.W.); (A.A.A.-K.)
| | - Adnan J. Al-Rehaily
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.); (A.J.A.-R.)
| | - Hermann Stuppner
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (S.S.); (M.A.); (H.S.)
| | - Abdulaziz A. Al-Khedhairy
- Chair for DNA Research, Zoology Department, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.S.); (J.A.); (R.W.); (A.A.A.-K.)
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Faraz A, Faizan M, D. Rajput V, Minkina T, Hayat S, Faisal M, Alatar AA, Abdel-Salam EM. CuO Nanoparticle-Mediated Seed Priming Improves Physio-Biochemical and Enzymatic Activities of Brassica juncea. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:803. [PMID: 36840152 PMCID: PMC9959013 DOI: 10.3390/plants12040803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The use of nanoparticles (NPs) in agricultural fields has risen to a level where people are considering NPs as an alternative to commercial fertilizers. The input of copper oxide NPs (CuO NPs) as seed primers was investigated in this study, and the growth indices of Brassica juncea such as phenotypic parameters, photosynthetic attributes, and biochemical parameters were measured during maximum vegetative growth stage, i.e., at 45 days after sowing. Surface sterilized seeds were soaked in varying concentrations (0, 2, 4, 8 and 16 mg/L) of CuO NPs for 15, 30, and/or 45 min. After those priming periods, the seeds were planted in pots and allowed to grow naturally. Among the different tested concentrations of CuO NPs, 4 mg/L of CuO NPs for 30 min seed priming proved to be best, and considerably increased the, shoot length (30%), root length (27%), net photosynthetic rate (30%), internal CO2 concentration (28%), and proline content (41%). Besides, the performance of the antioxidant enzymes, viz, superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, and biochemical parameters such as nitrate reductase and carbonic anhydrase were also increased by several folds after the application of CuO NPs in B. juncea. The present study suggests that CuO NPs can be effectively used to increase the performance of B. juncea and may also be suitable for testing on other crop species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Faraz
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Glocal University, Saharanpur 247121, India
| | - Mohammad Faizan
- Botany Section, School of Sciences, Maulana Azad National Urdu University, Hyderabad 500032, India
| | - Vishnu D. Rajput
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, 344006 Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Tatiana Minkina
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, 344006 Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Shamsul Hayat
- Plant Physiology Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Mohammad Faisal
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman A. Alatar
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eslam M. Abdel-Salam
- Plant Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 82152 Planegg, Germany
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Ahmed Ali AM, Yagi S, Qahtan AA, Alatar AA, Angeloni S, Maggi F, Caprioli G, Abdel-Salam EM, Sinan KI, Zengin G. Evaluation of the chemical constituents, antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities of six Yemeni green coffee beans varieties. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.101552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Qahtan AA, Faisal M, Alatar AA, Abdel-Salam EM. High-Frequency Plant Regeneration, Genetic Uniformity, and Flow Cytometric Analysis of Regenerants in Rutachalepensis L. Plants (Basel) 2021; 10:plants10122820. [PMID: 34961291 PMCID: PMC8704675 DOI: 10.3390/plants10122820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Ruta chalepensis L., an evergreen shrub in the citrus family, is well-known around the world for its essential oils and variety of bioactivities, indicating its potential medicinal applications. In this study, we investigated the effect of different culture conditions, including plant growth regulators, media types, pH of the medium, and carbon sources, on in vitro regeneration from nodal explants of R. chalepensis. Following 8 weeks of culture, the highest percentage of regeneration (96.3%) and maximum number of shoots (40.3 shoot/explant) with a length of 4.8 cm were obtained with Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium at pH 5.8, supplemented with 3.0% sucrose and 5.0 µM 6-Benzyladenine (BA) in combination with 1.0 µM 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). For rooting, individually harvested shootlets were transferred on ½ MS (half-strength) supplemented with IAA (indole-3-acetic acid), IBA (indole 3-butyric acid), or NAA, and the best response in terms of root induction (91.6%), number of roots (5.3), and root mean length (4.9 cm) was achieved with 0.5 µM IBA after 6 weeks. An average of 95.2 percent of healthy, in vitro regenerated plantlets survived after being transplanted into potting soil, indicating that they were effectively hardened. DNA assays (PCR-based markers) such as random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and directed amplification of minisatellite-region (DAMD) were employed to assess in vitro cultivated R. chalepensis plantlets that produced a monomorphic banding pattern confirming the genetic stability. Additionally, no changes in the flow cytometric profile of ploidy between regenerated plantlets and donor plants were detected. Regeneration of this valuable medicinal plant in vitro will open up new avenues in pharmaceutical biotechnology by providing an unconventional steadfast system for mass multiplication and might be effectively used in genetic manipulation for enhanced bioactive constituents.
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Ahmad H, Maher M, Abdel-Salam EM, Li Y, Yang C, ElSafty N, Ewas M, Nishawy E, Luo J. Integrated de novo Analysis of Transcriptional and Metabolic Variations in Salt-Treated Solenostemma argel Desert Plants. Front Plant Sci 2021; 12:744699. [PMID: 34868128 PMCID: PMC8640078 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.744699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Solenostemma argel (Delile) Hayne is a desert plant that survives harsh environmental conditions with several vital medicinal properties. Salt stress is a major constraint limiting agricultural production around the globe. However, response mechanisms behind the adaptation of S. argel plants to salt stress are still poorly understood. In the current study, we applied an omics approach to explore how this plant adapts to salt stress by integrating transcriptomic and metabolomic changes in the roots and leaves of S. argel plants under salt stress. De novo assembly of transcriptome produced 57,796 unigenes represented by 165,147 transcripts/isoforms. A total of 730 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in the roots (396 and 334 were up- and down-regulated, respectively). In the leaves, 927 DEGs were identified (601 and 326 were up- and down-regulated, respectively). Gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes And Genomes pathway enrichment analyses revealed that several defense-related biological processes, such as response to osmotic and oxidative stress, hormonal signal transduction, mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling, and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathways are the potential mechanisms involved in the tolerance of S. argel plants to salt stress. Furthermore, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used to detect the metabolic variations of the leaves and roots of S. argel under control and salt stress. 45 and 56 critical metabolites showed changes in their levels in the stressed roots and leaves, respectively; there were 20 metabolites in common between the roots and leaves. Differentially accumulated metabolites included amino acids, polyamines, hydroxycinnamic acids, monolignols, flavonoids, and saccharides that improve antioxidant ability and osmotic adjustment of S. argel plants under salt stress. The results present insights into potential salt response mechanisms in S. argel desert plants and increase the knowledge in order to generate more tolerant crops to salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Ahmad
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- National Gene Bank, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Maher
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Eslam M. Abdel-Salam
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yufei Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chenkun Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Nagwa ElSafty
- Plant Genetics Resources Department, Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Ewas
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Plant Genetics Resources Department, Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Elsayed Nishawy
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Plant Genetics Resources Department, Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Jie Luo
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China
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Abdel-Salam EM, Qahtan AA, Gaafar ARZ, Zein El-Abedein AI, Alshameri AM, Alhamdan AM. Tissue-specific analysis of Coffea arabica L. transcriptome revealed potential regulatory roles of lncRNAs. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:6023-6029. [PMID: 34764734 PMCID: PMC8568828 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play pivot roles in regulating mRNA expression in eukaryotic organisms without coding any proteins. In the current study, a comprehensive analysis of 260 published RNA-Seq datasets collected from different tissues (fruits, leaves, stems, and roots) of Coffea arabica L. was performed to discover potential lncRNAs. A total of 10,564 unique lncRNAs were identified. Our results showed that 77.14% of the lncRNAs were intergenic and 60.39% of them are located within 5 Kbp from the partner gene. In general, all the identified lncRNAs showed shorter lengths, fewer number of exons, and lower expression levels as compared to mRNAs in different studied tissues. Several lncRNAs were determined as differentially expressed (DE) in fruits as compared to leaves, stems, or roots. The functional characterization of the DE lncRNAs revealed their roles in regulating significant biological processes in different tissues of C. arabica. The current study provides a comprehensive analysis and dataset of lncRNAs in C. arabica that could be utilized in further studies concerning the roles of these molecules in plant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eslam M Abdel-Salam
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed A Qahtan
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdel-Rhman Z Gaafar
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Assem I Zein El-Abedein
- Chair of Dates Industry and Technology, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, PO Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aref M Alshameri
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah M Alhamdan
- Chair of Dates Industry and Technology, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, PO Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, PO Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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El-Sheikh MA, Hadibarata T, Yuniarto A, Sathishkumar P, Abdel-Salam EM, Alatar AA. Role of nanocatalyst in the treatment of organochlorine compounds - A review. Chemosphere 2021; 268:128873. [PMID: 33220978 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Since a few centuries ago, organochlorine compounds (OCs) become one of the threatened contaminants in the world. Due to the lipophilic and hydrophobic properties, OCs always discover in fat or lipid layers through bioaccumulation and biomagnification. The OCs are able to retain in soil, sediment and water for long time as it is volatile, OCs will evaporate from soil and condense in water easily and frequently, which pollute the shelter of aquatic life and it affects the function of organs and damage system in human body. Photocatalysis that employs the usage of semiconductor nanophotocatalyst and solar energy can be the possible alternative for current conventional water remediation technologies. With the benefits of utilizing renewable energy, no production of harmful by-products and easy operation, degradation of organic pollutants in rural water bodies can be established. Besides, nanophotocatalyst that is synthesized with nanotechnology outnumbered conventional catalyst with larger surface area to volume ratio, thus higher photocatalytic activity is observed. In contrast, disadvantages particularly no residual effect in water distribution network, requirement of post-treatment and easily affected by various factors accompanied with photocatalysis method cannot be ignored. These various factors constrained the photocatalytic efficiency via nanocatalysts which causes the full capacity of solar photocatalysis has yet to be put into practice. Therefore, further modifications and research are still required in nanophotocatalysts' synthesis to overcome limitations such as large band gaps and photodecontamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A El-Sheikh
- Botany & Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box. 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia; Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22516, Egypt
| | - Tony Hadibarata
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University Malaysia, CDT 250, 98009, Miri, Malaysia.
| | - Adhi Yuniarto
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil, Planning, and Geo-Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya, 60111, Indonesia
| | - Palanivel Sathishkumar
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
| | - Eslam M Abdel-Salam
- Botany & Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box. 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman A Alatar
- Botany & Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box. 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Ali HM, Elgat WAAA, EL-Hefny M, Salem MZM, Taha AS, Al Farraj DA, Elshikh MS, Hatamleh AA, Abdel-Salam EM. New Approach for Using of Mentha longifolia L. and Citrus reticulata L. Essential Oils as Wood-Biofungicides: GC-MS, SEM, and MNDO Quantum Chemical Studies. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:1361. [PMID: 33799760 PMCID: PMC7998113 DOI: 10.3390/ma14061361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fungi growing on wood cause deterioration of stored food materials or discoloration of the wood itself, and the search for new and safe bioagents is recently needed. METHODS Essential oils (EOs) from aerial parts from Mentha longifolia L. and Citrus reticulata L., analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), were tested for their antifungal activity by the vapor method against four common fungi, Aspergillus flavus, A. niger, A. fumigatus, and Fusarium culmorum, and confirmed by SEM examination as the oils applied on wood samples. RESULTS The most abundant compounds identified in the EO from M. longifolia were menthone and eucalyptol; in C. reticulata EO, they were β-caryophyllene, β-caryophyllene oxide, and β-elemene. EOs from M. longifolia and C. reticulata, at 500 and 250 µL/mL, showed potent antifungal activity against A. flavus and A. fumigatus, with 100% fungal mycelial inhibition growth (FMIG). C. reticulata and M. longifolia EOs, at 125 µL/mL, observed FMIG values of 98% and 95%, respectively, against A. fumigatus. M. longifolia EO, at 500 and 250 µL/mL, showed potent activity against A. niger, with 100% FMIG. F. culmorum completely inhibited (100% FMIG) EOs from M. longifolia and C. reticulata applied at 500 µL/mL. Pinus roxburghii Sarg. Wood, treated with M. longifolia at 125 µL/mL, showed inhibition zone values of 7.33 and 21.33 mm against A. flavus and A. niger, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Both oils possessed good wood-biofungicide activity with the vapor method, as clearly shown by the SEM examination. These activities suggest their possible use as natural wood preservatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayssam M. Ali
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (H.M.A.); (D.A.A.F.); (M.S.E.); (A.A.H.); (E.M.A.-S.)
- Agriculture Research Center, Timber Trees Research Department, Sabahia Horticulture Research Station, Horticulture Research Institute, Alexandria 21526, Egypt
| | - Wael A. A. Abo Elgat
- Restoration Department, High Institute of Tourism, Hotel Management and Restoration, Abukir, Alexandria 21526, Egypt;
| | - Mervat EL-Hefny
- Department of Floriculture, Ornamental Horticulture and Garden Design, Faculty of Agriculture (El-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria 21545, Egypt;
| | - Mohamed Z. M. Salem
- Forestry and Wood Technology Department, Faculty of Agriculture (EL-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria 21545, Egypt
| | - Ayman S. Taha
- Conservation Department, Faculty of Archaeology, Aswan University, Aswan 81528, Egypt;
| | - Dunia A. Al Farraj
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (H.M.A.); (D.A.A.F.); (M.S.E.); (A.A.H.); (E.M.A.-S.)
| | - Mohamed S. Elshikh
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (H.M.A.); (D.A.A.F.); (M.S.E.); (A.A.H.); (E.M.A.-S.)
| | - Ashraf A. Hatamleh
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (H.M.A.); (D.A.A.F.); (M.S.E.); (A.A.H.); (E.M.A.-S.)
| | - Eslam M. Abdel-Salam
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (H.M.A.); (D.A.A.F.); (M.S.E.); (A.A.H.); (E.M.A.-S.)
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Faisal M, Abdel-Salam EM, Alatar AA, Qahtan AA. Induction of somatic embryogenesis in Brassica juncea L. and analysis of regenerants using ISSR-PCR and flow cytometer. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:1147-1153. [PMID: 33424410 PMCID: PMC7783785 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.11.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A new and simple protocol has been developed and standardized for direct somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration from aseptic seedlings derived from immature Brassica juncea seeds. Depending on the age of immature seeds and nutrient media, in vitro occurrence of embryogenesis and the number of embryos from each seedling have varied greatly. The largest number of somatic embryos, producing 12.7 embryos per seedlings, have been developed by seedlings obtained from immature seeds collected after 21 days of pollination (DAP). Effect of different nutrient media [Gamborg (B5), Murashige and Skoog (MS) and Linsmaier and Skoog (SH)] and carbon sources (fructose, glucose, maltose and sucrose) were assessed to induce somatic embryos and the maximum response were achieved on Nitsch culture medium fortified with sucrose (3% w/v) followed by fructose and maltose. The somatic embryo converted into complete plantlets within 04-weeks of culture on Nitsch medium containing half-strength of micro and macro salts. The regenerated plantlets were successfully established in soil with 90% survival rate. The acclimated plants were subsequently transferred to field condition where they grew normally without any phenotypic differences. Genetic stability of B. juncea plants regenerated from somatic embryos were confirmed by inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR)-PCR analysis and flow cytometry. No significant difference in ploidy level and ISSR banding pattern were documented between somatic embryo’s plants and control plants grown ex vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Faisal
- Department of Botany and MicroBiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eslam M Abdel-Salam
- Department of Botany and MicroBiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman A Alatar
- Department of Botany and MicroBiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed A Qahtan
- Department of Botany and MicroBiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Abdel-Salam EM, Faisal M, Alatar AA, Qahtan AA, Alam P. Genome-wide transcriptome variation landscape in Ruta chalepensis organs revealed potential genes responsible for rutin biosynthesis. J Biotechnol 2020; 325:43-56. [PMID: 33271156 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2020.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Ruta chalepensis L., most commonly known as 'fringed rue,' is an excellent and valuable bioactive plant that produces a range of complex flavonoids, of which rutin is the major compound present in this plant of great pharmaceutical and medicinal significance. The present study is a pioneering attempt to examine the changes in the transcriptomic landscape of leaf, stem, and root tissues and correlate this with rutin quantity in each tissue in order to identify the candidate genes responsible for rutin biosynthesis and to increase genomic resources in fringed rue. Comparative transcriptome sequencing of leaves, stems and roots were performed using the NovaSeq 6000 platform. The de novo transcriptome assembly generated 254,685 transcripts representing 154,018 genes with GC content of 42.60 % and N50 of 2280 bp. Searching assembled transcripts against UniRef90 and SwissProt databases annotated 79.7 % of them as protein coding. The leaf tissues had the highest rutin content followed by stems and roots. Several differentially expressed genes and transcripts relating to rutin biosynthesis were identified in leaves comparing with roots or stems comparing with roots. All the genes known to be involved in rutin biosynthesis showed up-regulation in leaves as compared with roots. These results were confirmed by gene ontology (GO) and pathway enrichment analyses. Up-regulated genes in leaves as compared with roots enriched GO terms with relation to rutin biosynthesis e.g. action of flavonol synthase, biosynthetic mechanism of malonyl-CoA, and action of monooxygenase. Phylogenetic analysis of the rhamnosyltransferase (RT) gene showed that it was highly homologues with RT sequence from Citrus species and all were located in the same clade. This transcriptomic dataset will serve as an important public resource for future genomics and transcriptomic studies in R. chalepensis and will act as a benchmark for the identification and genetic modification of genes involved in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eslam M Abdel-Salam
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Faisal
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abdulrahman A Alatar
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed A Qahtan
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Perwez Alam
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Alharthi A, El-Sheikh MA, Elhag M, Alatar AA, Abbadi GA, Abdel-Salam EM, Arif IA, Baeshen AA, Eid EM. Remote sensing of 10 years changes in the vegetation cover of the northwestern coastal land of Red Sea, Saudi Arabia. Saudi J Biol Sci 2020; 27:3169-3179. [PMID: 33100880 PMCID: PMC7569144 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate and up to date land use and land cover (LU/LC) changes information is the main source to understanding and assessing the environmental outcomes of such changes and is important for development plans. Thus, this study quantified the outlines of land cover variation of 10-years in the northwestern costal land of the Red Sea, Saudi Arabia. Two different supervised classification algorithms are visualized and evaluated to preparing a policy recommendation for the proper improvements towards better determining the tendency and the proportion of the vegetation cover changes. Firstly, to determine present vegetation structure of study area, 78 stands with a size of 50 × 50 m were analysed. Secondly, to obtain the vegetation dynamics in this area, two satellite images of temporal data sets were used; therefore, SPOT-5 images were obtained in 2004 and 2013. For each data set, four SPOT-5 scenes were placed into approximately 250-km intervals to cover the northwestern coastal land of the Red Sea. Both supervised and non-supervised cataloguing methods were attained towards organise the study area in 4-major land cover classes through using 5 various organizations algorithms. Approximately 900 points were evenly distributed within each SPOT-5 image and used for assessment accuracy. The floristic composition exhibits high diversity with 142 species and seven vegetation types were identified after multivariate analysis (VG I: Acacia tortilis-Acacia ehrenbergiana, VG II: Acacia tortilis-Stipagrostis plumosa, VG III: Zygophyllum coccineum-Zygophyllum simplex, VG IV: Acacia raddiana-Lycium shawii-Anabasis setifera, VG V: Tamarix aucheriana-Juncus rigidus, VG VI: Capparis decidua-Zygophyllum simplex and VG VII: Avicennia marina-Aristida adscensionis) and ranged between halophytic vegetation on the coast to xerophytic vegetation with scattered Acacia trees inland. The dynamic results showed rapid, imbalanced variations arises between 3-land cover classes (areas as urban, vegetation and desert). However, these findings shall serve as the baseline data for the design of rehabilitation programs that conserve biodiversity in arid regions and form treasured resources for an urban planner and decision makers to device bearable usage of land and environmental planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awad Alharthi
- Botany & Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box. 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A. El-Sheikh
- Botany & Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box. 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
- Corresponding author at: Botany & Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box. 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohamed Elhag
- Department of Hydrology and Water Resources Management, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment & Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman A. Alatar
- Botany & Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box. 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghanim A. Abbadi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 5969, Safat 13060, Kuwait
| | - Eslam M. Abdel-Salam
- Botany & Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box. 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim A. Arif
- Botany & Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box. 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ariej A. Baeshen
- Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Science, University of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ebrahem M. Eid
- Biology Department, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61321, P.O. Box 9004, Saudi Arabia
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El-Sheikh MA, Rajaselvam J, Abdel-Salam EM, Vijayaraghavan P, Alatar AA, Devadhasan Biji G. Paecilomyces sp. ZB is a cell factory for the production of gibberellic acid using a cheap substrate in solid state fermentation. Saudi J Biol Sci 2020; 27:2431-2438. [PMID: 32884426 PMCID: PMC7451609 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Gibberellic acid from the fungi has been widely used in agriculture. In this study, more than 20 fungal isolates were screened and Paecilomyces sp. ZB shown to produce more gibberellic acid than other fungal isolates. Cow dung was used as low cost substrate for gibberellic acid production in solid state fermentation (SSF). Carbon, nitrogen and ionic sources stimulated gibberellic acid production in SSF. Lactose emerged as the significant carbon source supporting more gibberellic acid production (731 µg/g). Among the nitrogen sources, glycine appeared to influence the production of more gibberellic acid (803 µg/g). The process parameters were optimized to enhance gibberellic acid production using a two-level full factorial design and response surface methodology. The amount of gibberellic acid production was influenced mainly by moisture and pH of the substrate. Gibberellic acid production was 1312 µg/g under the optimized conditions and the predicted response was 1339 µg/g. The gibberellic acid yield increased twofolds after medium optimization. The extracted gibberellic acid was sprayed on the growing Mung bean plant and it stimulated the growth of the plant effectively. To conclude, cow dung is a new alternative to produce gibberellic acid in SSF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A El-Sheikh
- Botany & Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box. 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.,Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Jayarajapazham Rajaselvam
- Bioprocess Engineering Division, Smykon Biotech Pvt LtD, Nagercoil, Kanyakumari, Tamil Nadu 629201, India
| | - Eslam M Abdel-Salam
- Botany & Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box. 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ponnuswamy Vijayaraghavan
- Bioprocess Engineering Division, Smykon Biotech Pvt LtD, Nagercoil, Kanyakumari, Tamil Nadu 629201, India
| | - Abdulrahman A Alatar
- Botany & Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box. 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gurupatham Devadhasan Biji
- Department of Zoology, Nesamony Memorial Christian College, Marthandam, Kanyakumari, Tamil Nadu 629 165, India
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Abdel-Salam EM, Faisal M, Alatar AA, Saquib Q, Alwathnani HA. Comparative Analysis between Wild and Cultivated Cucumbers Reveals Transcriptional Changes during Domestication Process. Plants (Basel) 2020; 9:E63. [PMID: 31947725 PMCID: PMC7020419 DOI: 10.3390/plants9010063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Revised: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The cultivated cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) was reported to have been developed from a wild cucumber (Cucumis hystrix Chakrav.), nevertheless, these two organisms exhibit noteworthy differences. For example, the wild cucumber is known for its high resistance to different biotic and abiotic stresses. Moreover, the leaves and fruits of the wild cucumber have a bitter taste compared to the cultivated cucumber. These differences could be attributed mainly to the differences in gene expression levels. In the present investigation, we analyzed the RNA-sequencing data to show the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the wild and cultivated cucumbers. The identified DEGs were further utilized for Gene Ontology (GO) and pathway enrichment analysis and for identification of transcription factors and regulators. In the results, several enriched GO terms in the biological process, cellular component, and molecular functions categories were identified and various enriched pathways, especially the biosynthesis pathways of secondary products were recognized. Plant-specific transcription factor families were differentially expressed between the wild and cultivated cucumbers. The results obtained provide preliminary evidence for the transcriptional differences between the wild and cultivated cucumbers which developed during the domestication process as a result of natural and/or artificial selection, and they formulate the basis for future genetic research and improvement of the cultivated cucumber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eslam M. Abdel-Salam
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (E.M.A.-S.); (A.A.A.); (H.A.A.)
| | - Mohammad Faisal
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (E.M.A.-S.); (A.A.A.); (H.A.A.)
| | - Abdulrahman A. Alatar
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (E.M.A.-S.); (A.A.A.); (H.A.A.)
| | - Quaiser Saquib
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Hend A. Alwathnani
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (E.M.A.-S.); (A.A.A.); (H.A.A.)
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Faisal M, Alatar AA, Abdel-Salam EM, Qahtan AA. Effects of 4-CPPU on in vitro multiplication and sustainable generation of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. 'White Butterfly'. Saudi J Biol Sci 2020; 27:412-416. [PMID: 31889865 PMCID: PMC6933257 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2019.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
There are more than nine thousand cultivars of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L., with a series of flowers with shapes, colors and new cultivars continues as generated through both traditional and modern breeding techniques. In this study, advanced biotech methods of in vitro culture have been used to identify a technique for the efficient mass multiplication of H. rosa-sinensis ‘White Butterfly’, using phenyl urea, N-(2-Chloro-4-pyridyl)-N′-phenylurea (4-CPPU). For the first time, the effects of 4-CPPU for stimulating axillary shoot proliferation and multiple shoot regenerations from nodal explants were evaluated, and the optimal nutrient media deduced. From the diverse concentrations as 0.1, 0.5, 2.5, 5.0 & 10.0 µM of 4-CPPU, the highest frequency of shoots was recorded at 2.5 µM supplied in Murashige and Skoog (MS, pH-5.8) medium. After eight-weeks of culture, on an average of 6.7 shoot were obtained on this media with shoot heights of 4.2 cm from each explant. With the involvement of 0.5 µM-IBA (indole-3-butyric acid) in MS medium the regenerated shoots were rooted and followed by successful acclimation to ex vitro conditions. The ploidy consistency among the micro-plants was analyzed using flow cytometry and compared with ex vitro grown plants. No differences in the ploidy levels were observed among the 4-CPPU induced plants, when compared with the donor plants.
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Taha AS, Salem MZM, Abo Elgat WAA, Ali HM, Hatamleh AA, Abdel-Salam EM. Assessment of the Impact of Different Treatments on the Technological and Antifungal Properties of Papyrus ( Cyperus Papyrus L.) Sheets. Materials (Basel) 2019; 12:ma12040620. [PMID: 30791444 PMCID: PMC6416636 DOI: 10.3390/ma12040620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, sheets of Papyrus (Cyperus papyrus L.), manufactured by lamination from strips pre-treated with different treatments, were evaluated for their technological and fungal infestation properties (Aspergillus flavus AFl375, A. niger Ani245 and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Cgl311). The results showed that the highest values of tensile strength, tear strength, burst index and double-fold number were observed in papyrus sheets produced from strips treated with nano-cellulose (0.25%), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO 10%), Tylose (0.25%) and nano-cellulose (0.5%), with values of 98.90 N·m/g, 2343.67 mN·m²/g, 1162 kpa·m²/g and 8.33, respectively. The percentage of brightness ranged from 49.7% (strips treated with KOH 2% + 100 mL NaClO) to 9.6% (strips treated with Eucalyptus camaldulensis bark extract 2%), while the percentage of darkness ranged from 99.86% (strips treated with Salix babylonica leaf extract 2% or E. camaldulensis bark extract 0.5%) to 67.26% (strips treated with NaOH (2%) + 100 mL NaClO). From the SEM examination, sheets produced from treated strips with extracts from P. rigida and E. camaldulensis or S. babylonica showed no growths of A. flavus and C. gloeosporioides. Additionally, other pre-treatments, such as Nano-cellulose+Tylose 0.5% (1:1 v/v) and Tylose 0.5%, were also found to have no growth of A. niger. In conclusion, strips pre-treated with nanomaterials and extracts were enhanced in terms of the technological and antifungal properties of produced Papyrus sheets, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman S Taha
- Conservation Department, Faculty of Archaeology, Aswan University, Aswan 81528, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed Z M Salem
- Forestry and Wood Technology Department, Faculty of Agriculture (EL-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria 21526, Egypt.
| | - Wael A A Abo Elgat
- High Institute of Tourism, Hotel Management and Restoration, Abu Qir, Alexandria 21526, Egypt.
| | - Hayssam M Ali
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
- Timber Trees Research Department, Sabahia Horticulture Research Station, Horticulture Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Alexandria 21526, Egypt.
| | - Ashraf A Hatamleh
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Eslam M Abdel-Salam
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
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Guerriero G, Berni R, Muñoz-Sanchez JA, Apone F, Abdel-Salam EM, Qahtan AA, Alatar AA, Cantini C, Cai G, Hausman JF, Siddiqui KS, Hernández-Sotomayor SMT, Faisal M. Production of Plant Secondary Metabolites: Examples, Tips and Suggestions for Biotechnologists. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:E309. [PMID: 29925808 PMCID: PMC6027220 DOI: 10.3390/genes9060309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants are sessile organisms and, in order to defend themselves against exogenous (a)biotic constraints, they synthesize an array of secondary metabolites which have important physiological and ecological effects. Plant secondary metabolites can be classified into four major classes: terpenoids, phenolic compounds, alkaloids and sulphur-containing compounds. These phytochemicals can be antimicrobial, act as attractants/repellents, or as deterrents against herbivores. The synthesis of such a rich variety of phytochemicals is also observed in undifferentiated plant cells under laboratory conditions and can be further induced with elicitors or by feeding precursors. In this review, we discuss the recent literature on the production of representatives of three plant secondary metabolite classes: artemisinin (a sesquiterpene), lignans (phenolic compounds) and caffeine (an alkaloid). Their respective production in well-known plants, i.e., Artemisia, Coffea arabica L., as well as neglected species, like the fibre-producing plant Urtica dioica L., will be surveyed. The production of artemisinin and caffeine in heterologous hosts will also be discussed. Additionally, metabolic engineering strategies to increase the bioactivity and stability of plant secondary metabolites will be surveyed, by focusing on glycosyltransferases (GTs). We end our review by proposing strategies to enhance the production of plant secondary metabolites in cell cultures by inducing cell wall modifications with chemicals/drugs, or with altered concentrations of the micronutrient boron and the quasi-essential element silicon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gea Guerriero
- Research and Innovation Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 5 avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, L-4362 Esch/Alzette, Luxembourg.
| | - Roberto Berni
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, via P.A. Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy.
- Trees and timber institute-National research council of Italy (CNR-IVALSA), via Aurelia 49, 58022 Follonica (GR), Italy.
| | - J Armando Muñoz-Sanchez
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Plantas, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43 # 130 X 32 y 34, Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida, Yucatán 97205, Mexico.
| | - Fabio Apone
- Arterra Biosciences srl/Vitalab srl, via B. Brin 69, 80142 Naples, Italy.
| | - Eslam M Abdel-Salam
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ahmad A Qahtan
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abdulrahman A Alatar
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Claudio Cantini
- Trees and timber institute-National research council of Italy (CNR-IVALSA), via Aurelia 49, 58022 Follonica (GR), Italy.
| | - Giampiero Cai
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, via P.A. Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Jean-Francois Hausman
- Research and Innovation Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 5 avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, L-4362 Esch/Alzette, Luxembourg.
| | - Khawar Sohail Siddiqui
- Life Sciences Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), 31261 Dhahran, Saudi Arabia.
| | - S M Teresa Hernández-Sotomayor
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Plantas, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43 # 130 X 32 y 34, Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida, Yucatán 97205, Mexico.
| | - Mohammad Faisal
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
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Elansary HO, Szopa A, Kubica P, Ekiert H, Ali HM, Elshikh MS, Abdel-Salam EM, El-Esawi M, El-Ansary DO. Bioactivities of Traditional Medicinal Plants in Alexandria. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2018; 2018:1463579. [PMID: 29636772 PMCID: PMC5831234 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1463579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In traditional folklore, medicinal herbs play a vital role in the prevention and treatment of microbial diseases. In the present study, the phenolic profiles of the medicinal plants Asparagus aethiopicus L., Citrullus colocynthis L., Senna alexandrina L., Kalanchoe delagoensis L., Gasteria pillansii L., Cymbopogon citratus, Brassica juncea, and Curcuma longa L. were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography with a diode-array detector method. The results revealed rich sources of important compounds such as robinin in the fruits and leaves of A. aethiopicus; caffeic acid in the tubers of A. aethiopicus and quercitrin in the leaves of G. pillansii. Further, relatively high antioxidant, antibacterial, and antifungal activities were observed in C. colocynthis fruit coat, S. alexandrina pods, and A. aethiopicus leaves, respectively. The relatively higher the bioactivities of plants extracts associated with the phenols in these plants, in particular, the more abundant the phenols. Therefore, it was concluded that the fruit coat of C. colocynthis, pods of S. alexandrina, and leaves of A. aethiopicus might be excellent sources of natural products. These plant extracts also have a wide spectrum of antimicrobial activities that could be used in the pharmaceutical industries and to control diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hosam O. Elansary
- Floriculture, Ornamental Horticulture and Garden Design Department, Faculty of Agriculture (El-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
- Department of Geography, Environmental Management and Energy Studies, University of Johannesburg, APK Campus, 2006, South Africa
| | - Agnieszka Szopa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Ul. Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Paweł Kubica
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Ul. Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Halina Ekiert
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Ul. Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Hayssam M. Ali
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Timber Trees Research Department, Sabahia Horticulture Research Station, Horticulture Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mohamed S. Elshikh
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eslam M. Abdel-Salam
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed El-Esawi
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Diaa O. El-Ansary
- Precision Agriculture Laboratory, Department of Pomology, Faculty of Agriculture (El-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Salem MZM, Elansary HO, Ali HM, El-Settawy AA, Elshikh MS, Abdel-Salam EM, Skalicka-Woźniak K. Bioactivity of essential oils extracted from Cupressus macrocarpa branchlets and Corymbia citriodora leaves grown in Egypt. Altern Ther Health Med 2018; 18:23. [PMID: 29357851 PMCID: PMC5778779 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-018-2085-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Background Cupressus macrocarpa Hartw and Corymbia citriodora (Hook.) K.D. Hill & L.A.S. Johnson, widely grown in many subtropical areas, are used for commercial purposes, such as in perfumery, cosmetics, and room fresheners. Their potential as a source of antimicrobial compounds may be useful in different applications. Methods The chemical composition of essential oils (EOs) from C. macrocarpa branchlets and C. citriodora leaves was analyzed by using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Antibacterial and antifungal activities were assessed by the micro-dilution method to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs), and minimum fungicidal concentrations (MFCs), and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs). Further, the antioxidant capacity of the EOs was determined via 2,2′-diphenypicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and β-carotene-linoleic acid assays. Results Terpinen-4-ol (23.7%), α-phellandrene (19.2%), α-citronellol (17.3%), and citronellal were the major constituents of EO from C. macrocarpa branchlets, and α-citronellal (56%), α-citronellol (14.7%), citronellol acetate (12.3%), isopulegol, and eucalyptol were the primary constituents of EO from C. citriodora leaves. Antibacterial activity with MIC values of EO from C. citriodora leaves was ranged from 0.06 mg/mL to 0.20 mg/mL, and MBC from 0.12 mg/mL against E. coli to 0.41 mg/mL. EO from C. macrocarpa branchlets showed less activity against bacterial strains. The MIC values against tested fungi of the EO from C. citriodora ranged from 0.11 to 0.52 mg/mL while for EO from C. macrocarpa from 0.29 to 3.21 mg/mL. The MIC and MFC values of EOs against P. funiculosum were lower than those obtained from Ketoconazole (KTZ) (0.20; 0.45; 0.29 and 0.53 mg/mL, respectively, vs 0.21 and 0.41 mg/mL. Antioxidant activity of the EO from C. citriodora was higher than that of the positive control but lower than that of the standard butylhydroxytoluene (BHT) (IC50 = 5.1 ± 0.1 μg/mL). Conclusion The results indicate that the EO from Egyptian trees such as C. citriodora leaves may possesses strong bactericidal and fungicidal activities and can be used as an agrochemical for controlling plant pathogens and in human disease management which will add crop additive value.
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Ansari SM, Saquib Q, Attia SM, Abdel-Salam EM, Alwathnani HA, Faisal M, Alatar AA, Al-Khedhairy AA, Musarrat J. Pendimethalin induces oxidative stress, DNA damage, and mitochondrial dysfunction to trigger apoptosis in human lymphocytes and rat bone-marrow cells. Histochem Cell Biol 2017; 149:127-141. [PMID: 29151145 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-017-1622-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Pendimethalin (PM) is a dinitroaniline herbicide extensively applied against the annual grasses and broad-leaved weeds. There is no report available on PM-induced low-dose genotoxicity in human primary cells and in vivo test models. Such data gap has prompted us to evaluate the genotoxic potential of PM in human lymphocytes and rats. PM selectively binds in the minor groove of DNA by forming covalent bonds with G and C nitrogenous bases, as well as with the ribose sugar. PM induces micronucleus formation (MN) in human lymphocytes, indicating its clastogenic potential. Comet assay data showed 35.6-fold greater DNA damage in PM (200 μM)-treated human lymphocytes. Rat bone-marrow cells, at the highest dose of 50 mg/kg b w/day of PM also exhibited 10.5-fold greater DNA damage. PM at 200 μM and 50 mg/kg b w/day induces 193.4 and 229% higher reactive oxygen species generation in human lymphocytes and rat bone-marrow cells. PM-treated human lymphocytes and rat bone-marrow cells both showed dysfunction of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨ m). PM exposure results in the appearance of 72.2 and 35.2% sub-G1 apoptotic peaks in human lymphocytes and rat bone-marrow cells when treated with 200 μM and 50 mg/kg b w/day of PM. Rats exposed to PM also showed imbalance in antioxidant enzymes and histological pathology. Overall, our data demonstrated the genotoxic and apoptotic potentials of PM in human and animal test models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabiha M Ansari
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Quaiser Saquib
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Sabry M Attia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, PO Box 2457, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eslam M Abdel-Salam
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hend A Alwathnani
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Faisal
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman A Alatar
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz A Al-Khedhairy
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Javed Musarrat
- School of Biosciences and Biodiversity, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri, Jammu And Kashmir, India.,Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, UP, India
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Alatar AA, Faisal M, Abdel-Salam EM, Canto T, Saquib Q, Javed SB, El-Sheikh MA, Al-Khedhairy AA. Efficient and reproducible in vitro regeneration of Solanum lycopersicum and assessment genetic uniformity using flow cytometry and SPAR methods. Saudi J Biol Sci 2017; 24:1430-1436. [PMID: 28855842 PMCID: PMC5562467 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2017.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we develop an efficient and reproducible in vitro regeneration system for two cultivars viz., Jamila and Tomaland of Solanum lycopersicum L., an economically important vegetable crop throughout the world. Sterilization of seeds with 2.5% (v/v) NaOCl was found to be most effective, about 97% of seeds germinated on cotton in magenta box moistened with sterile half strength (½)Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium. Regeneration efficiency of cotyledonary leaf (CL) and cotyledonary node (CN) explants derived from 08 days old aseptic seedling were assessed on MS medium supplemented with different concentrations of auxins and cytokinin. CL explants were found more responsive in comparison to CN in both the cultivars. Types of basal media were also assessed and found to have a significant effect on shoot regeneration. Highest regeneration frequency and maximum number of shoots were standardized from CL explants on MS medium supplied with 6-benzyl adenine (BA; 5.0 µM), indole-3-butyric acid (IBA; 2.5 µM) and Kinetin (Kin; 10.0 µM). In vitro regenerated microshoots were rooted on ½MS medium containing 0.5 µM indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). Regenerated plantlets with well-developed roots and shoot system were successfully acclimated to ex vitro condition. Genetic uniformity of tissue culture raised plantlets was first time evaluated using flow cytometry and single primer amplification reaction (SPAR) methods viz., DAMD and ISSR. No significant changes in ploidy level and nuclear DNA content profile were observed between in vitro propagated plants and normal plants of both the cultivars. Similarly, the SPAR analysis also revealed monomorphic banding patterns in regenerated plantlets of S. lycopersicum verifying their genetic uniformity and clonal fidelity. This efficient regeneration system can be used as a fast and reproducible method for genetic transformation of this important vegetable crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulrahman A Alatar
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Faisal
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eslam M Abdel-Salam
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tomas Canto
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB, CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain.,A.R. Al-Jeraisy Chair for DNA Research, Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Quaiser Saquib
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB, CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain.,A.R. Al-Jeraisy Chair for DNA Research, Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.,Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saad B Javed
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A El-Sheikh
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.,Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Abdulaziz A Al-Khedhairy
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB, CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain.,A.R. Al-Jeraisy Chair for DNA Research, Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.,Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Ali K, Abul Qais F, Dwivedi S, Abdel-Salam EM, Ansari SM, Saquib Q, Faisal M, Al-Khedhairy AA, Al-Shaeri M, Musarrat J. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles preferentially bind in subdomains IB, IIA of HSA and minor groove of DNA. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2017; 36:2530-2542. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2017.1361339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Khursheed Ali
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Faizan Abul Qais
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Sourabh Dwivedi
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Eslam M. Abdel-Salam
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sabiha M. Ansari
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Quaiser Saquib
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Faisal
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Majed Al-Shaeri
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biological Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Javed Musarrat
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
- School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri, India
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