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Longstaff H, Flamenbaum J, Richer E, Egar J, McMaster CR, Zawati MH. Éléments fondamentaux des documents de consentement à participer à la recherche sur le génome humain au Canada et de la Bibliothèque génomique humaine pancanadienne : orientation pour l’établissement de politiques. CMAJ 2022; 194:E1623-E1632. [PMID: 36588176 DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.212063-f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Holly Longstaff
- Autorité provinciale des services de santé de la Colombie-Britannique (Longstaff); Faculté des sciences de la santé (Longstaff), Université Simon Fraser, Burnaby, C.-B.; Bureau de l'éthique de la Direction des politiques scientifiques (Flamenbaum), Instituts de recherche en santé du Canada, Ottawa, Ont.; Institut de génétiques des IRSCS (Richer, Egar, McMaster), Halifax, N.-É.; Centre de génomique et politiques (Zawati), Université McGill, Montréal, Qc
| | - Jaime Flamenbaum
- Autorité provinciale des services de santé de la Colombie-Britannique (Longstaff); Faculté des sciences de la santé (Longstaff), Université Simon Fraser, Burnaby, C.-B.; Bureau de l'éthique de la Direction des politiques scientifiques (Flamenbaum), Instituts de recherche en santé du Canada, Ottawa, Ont.; Institut de génétiques des IRSCS (Richer, Egar, McMaster), Halifax, N.-É.; Centre de génomique et politiques (Zawati), Université McGill, Montréal, Qc
| | - Etienne Richer
- Autorité provinciale des services de santé de la Colombie-Britannique (Longstaff); Faculté des sciences de la santé (Longstaff), Université Simon Fraser, Burnaby, C.-B.; Bureau de l'éthique de la Direction des politiques scientifiques (Flamenbaum), Instituts de recherche en santé du Canada, Ottawa, Ont.; Institut de génétiques des IRSCS (Richer, Egar, McMaster), Halifax, N.-É.; Centre de génomique et politiques (Zawati), Université McGill, Montréal, Qc
| | - Jeanne Egar
- Autorité provinciale des services de santé de la Colombie-Britannique (Longstaff); Faculté des sciences de la santé (Longstaff), Université Simon Fraser, Burnaby, C.-B.; Bureau de l'éthique de la Direction des politiques scientifiques (Flamenbaum), Instituts de recherche en santé du Canada, Ottawa, Ont.; Institut de génétiques des IRSCS (Richer, Egar, McMaster), Halifax, N.-É.; Centre de génomique et politiques (Zawati), Université McGill, Montréal, Qc
| | - Christopher R McMaster
- Autorité provinciale des services de santé de la Colombie-Britannique (Longstaff); Faculté des sciences de la santé (Longstaff), Université Simon Fraser, Burnaby, C.-B.; Bureau de l'éthique de la Direction des politiques scientifiques (Flamenbaum), Instituts de recherche en santé du Canada, Ottawa, Ont.; Institut de génétiques des IRSCS (Richer, Egar, McMaster), Halifax, N.-É.; Centre de génomique et politiques (Zawati), Université McGill, Montréal, Qc.
| | - Ma'n H Zawati
- Autorité provinciale des services de santé de la Colombie-Britannique (Longstaff); Faculté des sciences de la santé (Longstaff), Université Simon Fraser, Burnaby, C.-B.; Bureau de l'éthique de la Direction des politiques scientifiques (Flamenbaum), Instituts de recherche en santé du Canada, Ottawa, Ont.; Institut de génétiques des IRSCS (Richer, Egar, McMaster), Halifax, N.-É.; Centre de génomique et politiques (Zawati), Université McGill, Montréal, Qc
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Longstaff H, Flamenbaum J, Richer E, Egar J, McMaster CR, Zawati MH. Core elements of participant consent documents for Canadian human genomics research and the National Human Genome Library: guidance for policy. CMAJ 2022; 194:E1500-E1508. [PMID: 36379551 PMCID: PMC9828931 DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.212063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Holly Longstaff
- Provincial Health Services Authority of British Columbia (Longstaff); Faculty of Health Sciences (Longstaff), Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC; Ethics Office, Science and Policy Branch (Flamenbaum), Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Ottawa, Ont.; Institute of Genetics (Richer, Egar, McMaster) Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Halifax, NS; Centre of Genomics and Policy (Zawati), McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - Jaime Flamenbaum
- Provincial Health Services Authority of British Columbia (Longstaff); Faculty of Health Sciences (Longstaff), Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC; Ethics Office, Science and Policy Branch (Flamenbaum), Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Ottawa, Ont.; Institute of Genetics (Richer, Egar, McMaster) Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Halifax, NS; Centre of Genomics and Policy (Zawati), McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - Etienne Richer
- Provincial Health Services Authority of British Columbia (Longstaff); Faculty of Health Sciences (Longstaff), Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC; Ethics Office, Science and Policy Branch (Flamenbaum), Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Ottawa, Ont.; Institute of Genetics (Richer, Egar, McMaster) Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Halifax, NS; Centre of Genomics and Policy (Zawati), McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - Jeanne Egar
- Provincial Health Services Authority of British Columbia (Longstaff); Faculty of Health Sciences (Longstaff), Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC; Ethics Office, Science and Policy Branch (Flamenbaum), Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Ottawa, Ont.; Institute of Genetics (Richer, Egar, McMaster) Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Halifax, NS; Centre of Genomics and Policy (Zawati), McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - Christopher R McMaster
- Provincial Health Services Authority of British Columbia (Longstaff); Faculty of Health Sciences (Longstaff), Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC; Ethics Office, Science and Policy Branch (Flamenbaum), Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Ottawa, Ont.; Institute of Genetics (Richer, Egar, McMaster) Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Halifax, NS; Centre of Genomics and Policy (Zawati), McGill University, Montréal, Que.
| | - Ma'n H Zawati
- Provincial Health Services Authority of British Columbia (Longstaff); Faculty of Health Sciences (Longstaff), Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC; Ethics Office, Science and Policy Branch (Flamenbaum), Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Ottawa, Ont.; Institute of Genetics (Richer, Egar, McMaster) Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Halifax, NS; Centre of Genomics and Policy (Zawati), McGill University, Montréal, Que
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Horgan D, Hackett J, Westphalen CB, Kalra D, Richer E, Romao M, Andreu AL, Lal JA, Bernini C, Tumiene B, Boccia S, Montserrat A. Digitalisation and COVID-19: The Perfect Storm. Biomed Hub 2020; 5:1341-1363. [PMID: 33564668 PMCID: PMC7573902 DOI: 10.1159/000511232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
“A ship in the harbour is safe, but that is not what ships are built for,” observed that sage 19th century philosopher William Shedd. In other words, technology of high potential is of little value if the potential is not exploited. As the shape of 2020 is increasingly defined by the coronavirus pandemic, digitalisation is like a ship loaded with technology that has a huge capacity for transforming mankind's combat against infectious disease. But it is still moored safely in harbour. Instead of sailing bravely into battle, it remains at the dockside, cowering from the storm beyond the breakwaters. Engineers and fitters constantly fine-tune it, and its officers and deckhands perfect their operating procedures, but that promise is unfulfilled, restrained by the hesitancy and indecision of officialdom. Out there, the seas of the pandemic are turbulent and uncharted, and it is impossible to know in advance everything of the other dangers that may lurk beyond those cloudy horizons. However, the more noble course is for orders to be given to complete the preparations, to cast off and set sail, and to join other vessels crewed by valiant healthcare workers and tireless researchers, already deeply engaged in a rescue mission for the whole of the human race. It is the destiny of digitalisation to navigate those oceans alongside other members of that task force, and the hour of destiny has arrived. This article focuses on the potential enablers and recommendation to maximise learnings during the era of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Horgan
- European Alliance for Personalised Medicine, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - C Benedikt Westphalen
- Department of Internal Medicine III and Comprehensive Cancer Centre Munich, University Hospital Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Dipak Kalra
- The European Institute for Innovation through Health Data (i-HD), Gent, Belgium
| | | | | | | | - Jonathan A Lal
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Engineering, Jacob Institute of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences (SHUATS), Prayagraj, India.,Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Institute for Public Health Genomics, GROW School of Oncology and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Chiara Bernini
- European Alliance for Personalised Medicine, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Birute Tumiene
- Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Clinics, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Stefania Boccia
- Sezione di Igiene, Dipartimento Universitario Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.,Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health - Public Health Area, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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Horgan D, Borisch B, Richer E, Bernini C, Kalra D, Lawler M, Ciliberto G, Van Poppel H, Paradiso A, Riegman P, Triberti S, Metspalu A, Chiti A, Macintyre E, Boccia S, Calvo F, Schatz D, Koeva-Balabanova J, Jonsson B. Propelling Health Care into the Twenties. Biomed Hub 2020; 5:15-67. [PMID: 32775335 PMCID: PMC7392387 DOI: 10.1159/000508300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The scope and potential of personalised health care are underappreciated and underrealised, often because of resistance to change. The consequence is that many inadequacies of health care in Europe persist unnecessarily, and many opportunities for improvement are neglected. This article identifies the principal challenges, outlines possible approaches to resolving them, and highlights the benefits that could result from greater adoption of personalised health care. It locates the discussion in the context of European policy, focusing particularly on the most recent and authoritative reviews of health care in the EU Member States, and on the newly acquired spirit of readiness and pragmatism among European officials to embrace change and innovative technologies in a new decade. It highlights the attention now being given by policymakers to incentives, innovation, and investment as levers to improve European citizens' prospects in a rapidly evolving world, and how these distinct and disruptive themes contribute to a renaissance in thinking about delivering optimal health care in Europe. It explores the chances offered to patients by specific initiatives in health domains such as cancer and antimicrobial resistance, and by innovative science, novel therapies, earlier diagnosis tools, and deeper understanding of health promotion and prevention. And it reflects on how health care providers could benefit from a shift towards better primary care and towards deploying health data more effectively, including the use of artificial intelligence, coupled with a move to a smoother organisational/regulatory structure and realigned professional responsibilities. The conclusion is that preparing Europe's health care systems for the inevitable strains of the coming years is both possible and necessary. A more courageous approach to embracing personalised health care could guarantee the sustainability of Europe's health care systems before rising demands and exponential costs overwhelm them - an exercise in future-proofing, in ensuring that they are equipped to withstand whatever lies ahead. A focus on the potential and implementation of personalised care would permit more efficient use of resources and deliver better quality health-preserving care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Horgan
- European Alliance for Personalised Medicine, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bettina Borisch
- BioCampus, Institute of Global Health, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Chiara Bernini
- European Alliance for Personalised Medicine, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Dipak Kalra
- The European Institute for Innovation through Health Data (i-HD), Gent, Belgium
| | - Mark Lawler
- Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | - Stefano Triberti
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Applied Research Division for Cognitive and Psychological Science, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Andres Metspalu
- Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Arturo Chiti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| | - Elizabeth Macintyre
- Laboratory of Onco-Haematology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Stefania Boccia
- Sezione di Igiene, Dipartimento Universitario Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health - Public Health Area, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | | | - Desmond Schatz
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | | | - Bengt Jonsson
- Stockholm School of Economics (SSE), Stockholm, Sweden
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Willemetz A, Beatty S, Richer E, Rubio A, Auriac A, Milkereit RJ, Thibaudeau O, Vaulont S, Malo D, Canonne-Hergaux F. Iron- and Hepcidin-Independent Downregulation of the Iron Exporter Ferroportin in Macrophages during Salmonella Infection. Front Immunol 2017; 8:498. [PMID: 28507548 PMCID: PMC5410627 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Retention of iron in tissue macrophages via upregulation of hepcidin (HAMP) and downregulation of the iron exporter ferroportin (FPN) is thought to participate in the establishment of anemia of inflammation after infection. However, an upregulation of FPN has been proposed to limit macrophages iron access to intracellular pathogens. Therefore, we studied the iron homeostasis and in particular the regulation of FPN after infection with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium in mice presenting tissue macrophages with high iron (AcB61), basal iron (A/J and wild-type mice), or low iron (Hamp knock out, Hamp-/-) levels. The presence of iron in AcB61 macrophages due to extravascular hemolysis and strong erythrophagocytosis activity favored the proliferation of Salmonella in the spleen and liver with a concomitant decrease of FPN protein expression. Despite systemic iron overload, no or slight increase in Salmonella burden was observed in Hamp-/- mice compared to controls. Importantly, FPN expression at both mRNA and protein levels was strongly decreased during Salmonella infection in Hamp-/- mice. The repression of Fpn mRNA was also observed in Salmonella-infected cultured macrophages. In addition, the downregulation of FPN was associated with decreased iron stores in both the liver and spleen in infected mice. Our findings show that during Salmonella infection, FPN is repressed through an iron and hepcidin-independent mechanism. Such regulation likely provides the cellular iron indispensable for the growth of Salmonella inside the macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Willemetz
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UPR 2301, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Sean Beatty
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.,McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Etienne Richer
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.,McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Aude Rubio
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Anne Auriac
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UPR 2301, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.,IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Ruth J Milkereit
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.,McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Olivier Thibaudeau
- Anatomie-Cytologie Pathologiques, CHU Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris, France
| | | | - Danielle Malo
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.,McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - François Canonne-Hergaux
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UPR 2301, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.,IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
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Syme R, Carleton B, Leyens L, Richer E. Integrating Personalized Medicine in the Canadian Environment: Efforts Facilitating Oncology Clinical Research. Public Health Genomics 2015; 18:372-80. [DOI: 10.1159/000441560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Carlsberg M, Koleck M, Wiart L, Simion A, Coste E, Soriano V, Richer E, Mazaux J. Evolution of the psychological processes and quality of life in adults with brain injury participating in Unit for Evaluation, Training and Social and Vocational Counselling (UEROS-Aquitaine): A preliminary study. Ann Phys Rehabil Med 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rehab.2015.07.346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Zhang J, Woods E, Adams C, Lumby C, Richer E, Dillon J. SU-E-I-68: Practical Considerations On Implementation of the Image Gently Pediatric CT Protocols. Med Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4888018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Yuki KE, Eva MM, Richer E, Chung D, Paquet M, Cellier M, Canonne-Hergaux F, Vaulont S, Vidal SM, Malo D. Suppression of hepcidin expression and iron overload mediate Salmonella susceptibility in ankyrin 1 ENU-induced mutant. PLoS One 2013; 8:e55331. [PMID: 23390527 PMCID: PMC3563626 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella, a ubiquitous Gram-negative intracellular bacterium, is a food borne pathogen that infects a broad range of hosts. Infection with Salmonella Typhimurium in mice is a broadly recognized experimental model resembling typhoid fever in humans. Using a N-ethyl-N-nitrosurea (ENU) mutagenesis recessive screen, we report the identification of Ity16 (Immunity to Typhimurium locus 16), a locus responsible for increased susceptibility to infection. The position of Ity16 was refined on chromosome 8 and a nonsense mutation was identified in the ankyrin 1 (Ank1) gene. ANK1 plays an important role in the formation and stabilization of the red cell cytoskeleton. The Ank1Ity16/Ity16 mutation causes severe hemolytic anemia in uninfected mice resulting in splenomegaly, hyperbilirubinemia, jaundice, extramedullary erythropoiesis and iron overload in liver and kidneys. Ank1Ity16/Ity16 mutant mice demonstrated low levels of hepcidin (Hamp) expression and significant increases in the expression of the growth differentiation factor 15 (Gdf15), erythropoietin (Epo) and heme oxygenase 1 (Hmox1) exacerbating extramedullary erythropoiesis, tissue iron deposition and splenomegaly. As the infection progresses in Ank1Ity16/Ity16, the anemia worsens and bacterial load were high in liver and kidneys compared to wild type mice. Heterozygous Ank1+/Ity16 mice were also more susceptible to Salmonella infection although to a lesser extent than Ank1Ity16/Ity16 and they did not inherently present anemia and splenomegaly. During infection, iron accumulated in the kidneys of Ank1+/Ity16 mice where bacterial loads were high compared to littermate controls. The critical role of HAMP in the host response to Salmonella infection was validated by showing increased susceptibility to infection in Hamp-deficient mice and significant survival benefits in Ank1+/Ity16 heterozygous mice treated with HAMP peptide. This study illustrates that the regulation of Hamp and iron balance are crucial in the host response to Salmonella infection in Ank1 mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko E. Yuki
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Complex Traits Group of the McGill Life Sciences Complex, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Megan M. Eva
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Complex Traits Group of the McGill Life Sciences Complex, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Etienne Richer
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Complex Traits Group of the McGill Life Sciences Complex, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Dudley Chung
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Marilène Paquet
- Comparative Medicine and Animal Resources Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - François Canonne-Hergaux
- INSERM U1043-CPTP, Toulouse, France
- CNRS, U5282, Toulouse, France
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan (CPTP), Toulouse, France
| | | | - Silvia M. Vidal
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Complex Traits Group of the McGill Life Sciences Complex, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Danielle Malo
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Complex Traits Group of the McGill Life Sciences Complex, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Howidi M, Al Kaabi N, El Khoury AC, Brandtmüller A, Nagy L, Richer E, Haddadin W, Miqdady MS. Burden of acute gastroenteritis among children younger than 5 years of age--a survey among parents in the United Arab Emirates. BMC Pediatr 2012; 12:74. [PMID: 22708988 PMCID: PMC3407526 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2431-12-74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2011] [Accepted: 06/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite its high incidence among children under the age of five, little is known about the burden of pediatric gastroenteritis outside the medical setting. The objective of this study was to describe the burden of acute gastroenteritis among children residing in the United Arab Emirates, including those not receiving medical care. METHODS A quantitative cross-sectional survey of 500 parents of children under 5 years of age who had suffered from acute gastroenteritis the preceding three months was conducted in the cities of Abu Dhabi and Al Ain. Data collected included respondent characteristics, disease symptoms, medical care sought, and parental expenditures and work loss. Data were analyzed using parametric and non-parametric statistical methods. RESULTS Vomiting and diarrhea episodes lasted on average between 3 and 4 days. Overall, 87% of parents sought medical care for their children; 10% of these cases required hospitalization with an average length of stay of 2.6 days. When medical care was sought, the average parental cost per gastroenteritis episode was US$64, 4.5 times higher than with home care only (US$14). Nearly 60% of this difference was attributable to co-payments and medication use: 69% of children used oral rehydration solution, 68% antiemetics, 65% antibiotics and 64% antidiarrheals. Overall, 38 parents missed work per 100 gastroenteritis episodes for an average of 1.4 days. CONCLUSIONS Given its high incidence, pediatric gastroenteritis has an important financial and productivity impact on parents in the United Arab Emirates. To reduce this impact, efforts should be made both to prevent acute gastroenteritis and to optimize its treatment.
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Yuki K, Eva M, Richer E, Chung D, Paquet M, Canonne-Hergaux F, Vaulont S, Vidal S, Malo D. Suppression of hepcidin expression and iron overload mediate Salmonella susceptibility in ankyrin 1 ENU-induced mutant. Int J Infect Dis 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2012.05.386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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Descours M, Dana-Gordon C, Carrière H, Richer E, Azouvi P, Ponsford J, Mazaux JM. Preliminary validation of an attention assessment questionnaire for patients with severe traumatic brain injury. Ann Phys Rehabil Med 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rehab.2011.07.384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Richer E, Yuki KE, Dauphinee SM, Larivière L, Paquet M, Malo D. Impact of Usp18 and IFN signaling in Salmonella-induced typhlitis. Genes Immun 2011; 12:531-43. [DOI: 10.1038/gene.2011.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Richer E, Prendergast C, Zhang DE, Qureshi ST, Vidal SM, Malo D. N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea-induced mutation in ubiquitin-specific peptidase 18 causes hyperactivation of IFN-αß signaling and suppresses STAT4-induced IFN-γ production, resulting in increased susceptibility to Salmonella typhimurium. J Immunol 2010; 185:3593-601. [PMID: 20693420 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1000890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
To deepen our knowledge of the natural host response to pathogens, our team undertook an in vivo screen of mutagenized 129S1 mice with Salmonella Typhimurium. One mutation affecting Salmonella susceptibility was mapped to a region of 1.3 Mb on chromosome 6 that contains 15 protein-coding genes. A missense mutation was identified in the Usp18 (ubiquitin-specific peptidase 18) gene. This mutation results in an increased inflammatory response (IL-6, type 1 IFN) to Salmonella and LPS challenge while paradoxically reducing IFN-gamma production during bacterial infection. Increased STAT1 phosphorylation correlated with impaired STAT4 phosphorylation, resulting in overwhelming IL-6 secretion but reduced IFN-gamma production during infection. The reduced IFN-gamma levels, along with the increased inflammation, rationalize the S. Typhimurium susceptibility in terms of increased bacterial load in target organs and cytokine-induced septic shock and death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Richer
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Abstract
The natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 1 (Nramp1), which belongs to a conserved family of membrane metal transporters, contributes to phagocyte-autonomous antimicrobial defense mechanisms. Genetic polymorphisms in the human NRAMP1 gene predispose to susceptibility to infectious or inflammatory diseases. To characterize the transcriptional mechanisms controlling NRAMP1 expression, we previously showed that a 263 bp region upstream of the ATG drives basal promoter activity, and that a 325 bp region further upstream confers myeloid specificity and activation during differentiation of HL-60 cells induced by vitamin D. Herein, the major transcription start site was mapped in the basal region by S1 protection assay, and two cis-acting elements essential for myeloid transactivation were characterized by in vitro DNase footprinting, electrophoretic mobility shift experiments, in vivo transfection assays using linker-mutated constructs, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays in differentiated monocytic cells. One distal cis element binds Sp1 and is required for NRAMP1 myeloid regulation. Another site in the proximal region binds CCAAT enhancer binding proteins alpha or beta and is crucial for transcription. This study implicates Sp1 and C/EBP factors in regulating the expression of the NRAMP1 gene in myeloid cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Richer
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique, INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Laval, Canada
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16
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Ahmed K, Atiq M, Richer E, Neff G, Kemmer N, Safdar K. Careful observation of hepatic portal venous gas following esophageal variceal band ligation. Endoscopy 2008; 40 Suppl 2:E103. [PMID: 19085707 DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-966850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K Ahmed
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267-0595, USA
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Richer E, Qureshi ST, Vidal SM, Malo D. Chemical mutagenesis: a new strategy against the global threat of infectious diseases. Mamm Genome 2008; 19:309-17. [PMID: 18560940 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-008-9114-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2008] [Accepted: 05/08/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The perpetual evolution of drug-resistant microbes, the overwhelming burden of acquired immune suppression due to HIV, the emergence or re-emergence of various pathogens (West Nile virus, pandemic influenza, Creutzfeld-Jacob disease), and increased fears of bioterrorism has drawn a great deal of new attention to infectious diseases. The pathogenesis of infection is characterized by complex interactions of potentially virulent microorganisms with host genetic and acquired factors. Chemical mutagenesis of the mouse genome provides a robust method to unravel this challenging problem. To deepen our understanding of the natural host response to pathogens, our team and others are interrogating the mouse genome to define genes that are crucial to the defense against infectious diseases (pathogen recognition, viral defense, bacterial defense, prion infection). In this review we highlight the current progress of these efforts and propose a toolbox for other groups that are interested in this endeavor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Richer
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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18
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Le Gall C, Lamothe G, Mazaux JM, Muller F, Debelleix X, Richer E, Joseph PA, Barat M. [Outcome of the Aquitaine Unit for Evaluation, Training and Social and Vocational Counselling (UEROS) at 5-year follow-up in young adults with brain damage]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 50:5-13. [PMID: 16945446 DOI: 10.1016/j.annrmp.2006.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2006] [Accepted: 06/28/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Difficulties in social and vocational adjustment are common in adults with brain damage. A French government-funded program, UEROS (Unit for Evaluation, Training and Social and Vocational Counselling), was developed to improve cognitive adjustment, social autonomy and return to work for these people. OBJECTIVES To describe the outcome and satisfaction with life after 5 years for patients who participated in the UEROS-Aquitaine network program. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES EBIS Document to evaluate people with traumatic brain injury. RESULTS Seventy-five of the 102 patients participating in UEROS from 1997 to 1999 were assessed during a phone-structured interview based on the EBIS Document. The sample consisted of young adults (mean age 28.5 years), most (65, 85%) with brain injury and moderate disability (Glasgow Outcome Scale 2: 57%) or severe disability (Glasgow Outcome Scale 3: 42%). On entering the program, 33% of the subjects needed no help physically or cognitively. None were employed. At the end of the program, 9% were students or were learning a job, 8% worked full-time, 16% were in sheltered conditions, and 13% had volunteer activities. At 5-year follow-up, 50% of the subjects were independent, 4% were in school, 10.6% worked full-time, and 26.7% were in sheltered conditions. Playing sports was associated with good social adjustment. The professional status at 5 years was significantly correlated with following the UEROS program (r=0.30, P<0.01) and status at the end of the program (r=0.29, P<0.05). However, 41.3% of the subjects were still unsatisfied with their conditions of life. DISCUSSION-CONCLUSION In patients with brain damage, the UEROS-Aquitaine network program improves independence in daily living and allows for nearly one inactive adult in two (42%) to be engaged in an activity or a job.
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Abstract
Eukaryotic Nramp genes encode divalent metal ion permeases important for nutrition and resistance to microbial infection. Bacterial homologs encode proton-dependent transporters of manganese (MntH), and other divalent metal ions. Bacterial MntH were classified in three homology groups (A, B, C) and MntH C further subdivided in Calpha, Cbeta, Cgamma. The proteins from C. tepidum (MntH B) and E. faecalis (MntH Cbeta1, 2), divergent in sequence and hydropathy profile, conferred increased metal sensitivity when expressed in E. coli, suggesting conservation of divalent metal transport function in MntH B and C. Several genomic evidence suggest horizontal gene transfer (HGT) of mntH C genes: (i) The enterobacteria Wigglesworthia mntH Cbeta gene is linked to an Asn t-RNA, and its sequence most conserved with Gram positive bacteria homologs; (ii) all the Cbeta genes identified in oral streptococcaceae are associated with different potentially mobile DNA elements; (iii) Lactococcus lactis and Burkholderia mallei genomes contain an mntH gene prematurely terminated and a novel full-length mntH C gene; (iv) remarkable sequence relatedness between the unicellular alga C. reinhardtii "prototype" Nramp and some MntH Calpha (e.g., Nostoc spp., Listeria spp.) suggests HGT between Eukarya and Bacteria. Other "prototype" Nramp genes (intronless, encoding proteins strongly conserved with MntH A and B proteins) identified in invertebrates represent a possible source for transfer of Nramp genes toward opportunistic bacteria. This study demonstrates complex evolution of MntH in Bacteria. It is proposed that "prototype" Nramp are ancestors of bacterial MntH C proteins, which could facilitate bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Richer
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, 531, Bd des prairies, Laval, PQ, Canada H7V 1B7
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20
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Richer E, Tell L. [Indications, efficacy and tolerance of drug therapy in view of improving recovery of consciousness following a traumatic brain injury]. Ann Readapt Med Phys 2003; 46:177-83. [PMID: 12787974 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-6054(03)00051-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review the literature about the indications, efficacy, limits and tolerance problems of drugs used with the aim of improving recovery of consciousness after a traumatic coma. METHODS Query using Medline, Embase, Neurosciences and Pascal databases. Thirty-two references were selected, including:articles proposing a synthesis of recent knowledge concerning neurotransmitters involved in vigilance, the pathophysiological mechanisms of impairment and the related pharmacology;clinical studies examining the efficacy of large categories of pharmacological agents (dopaminergic drugs, psychostimulants, tricyclic antidepressants and others) on vigilance and on alteration of consciousness following brain lesions. RESULTS The synthesis provides evidence about the theoretical actions and efficacy of the available pharmacological agents. The clinical studies are less convincing: indications and therapeutic choices are empirical. Studies report often single cases. Randomised studies are rare, often heterogeneous concerning the aetiology of the brain lesions. The evaluation scales are varied and too wide. In this context, amantadin, amphetamine, methylphenidate and bromocryptin showed some positive effects. Despite a pessimist general feeling, some cases of unexpected recovery as well as relapses during breaks in treatment were arguments in favour of the drug that was administered. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION This review suggests that drug treatments for awakening might become a useful and perhaps even indispensable, complement in case management. It is therefore urgent to design multicentre studies in order to set rational indications and to develop realistic therapeutic protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Richer
- Centre de rééducation spécialisé pour traumatisés crâniens l'Adapt-Château-Rauzé, 33360 Cénac, France.
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21
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Quintard B, Croze P, Mazaux JM, Rouxel L, Joseph PA, Richer E, Debelleix X, Barat M. [Life satisfaction and psychosocial outcome in severe traumatic brain injuries in Aquitaine]. Ann Readapt Med Phys 2002; 45:456-65. [PMID: 12490334 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-6054(02)00296-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess late outcome and satisfaction of life of patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients who received inpatient rehabilitation in Aquitaine. DESIGN AND PATIENTS Seventy-nine consecutive patients out of the 158 who were hospitalized for rehabilitation in 1993 were asked for in 2000 by a phone interview including standardised scales and free talk as well. RESULTS The results showed that nine years on average after their injury, 65 to 85% of patients were independent for daily living, whereas 35 to 55% only were independent in social life. Most of them were satisfied with their autonomy (67%), family life (66%) and financial status (41%), but they were dissatisfied with leisure (36%), vocational adjustment (28%) and sexual life (32%). CONCLUSION Return to work, leisure and sexuality are major parameters of satisfaction of life after a severe TBI, and should be emphasized in goal-directed rehabilitation programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Quintard
- Laboratoire de psychologie EA 526, université Victor-Segalen, Bordeaux 2, 33076 cedex, Bordeaux, France
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22
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Mazaux JM, Croze P, Quintard B, Rouxel L, Joseph PA, Richer E, Debelleix X, Barat M. Satisfaction of life and late psycho-social outcome after severe brain injury: a nine-year follow-up study in Aquitaine. Acta Neurochir Suppl 2002; 79:49-51. [PMID: 11974987 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7091-6105-0_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In view of assessing their late outcome and satisfaction of life, 79 out of 158 severe traumatic brain injury (STBI) patients who received inpatient rehabilitation in Aquitaine in 1993 were followed by phone interview. Results showed that 9 years on average after their injury, 65 to 85% of these patients were independent for daily living, whereas 35 to 55% only were independent in social life. Most of the patients were satisfied with their autonomy (67%), family life (66%) and financial status (41%), but they were dissatisfied with leisures (36%), vocational adjustment (28%) and sexual life (32%). Satisfaction of life was mostly related to age, gender, physical autonomy, need of help because of cognitive impairment and functional outcome as assessed by the Glasgow Outcome Scale. Severe traumatic brain injury (STBI) stands in industrialised countries as a major Public Health problem and a dreadful human drama for the patients, their families and the community [2]. A great number of STBI patients survive with severe disability, most of them being young adults. The most severely impaired may live only with their parents or in high-cost nursing homes. From a psychological point of view, STBI causes a total and sudden breakdown of the mental states, personality and conditions of life. Life plans and projects are definitively disrupted, satisfaction of life is deeply changed. Rehabilitation aims at improving functional outcome of persons with STBI, and at improving their overall quality of life. Planning for rehabilitation and re-entry into community of STBI patients need to be provided with precise data on their late outcome and disability level. Despite that the concepts of quality and satisfaction of life are difficult to define and moreover to assess, these are also major factors to take into account. The aims of the present study were to assess the late psycho-social outcome of patients hospitalized in Aquitaine for rehabilitation of a STBI 7 to 10 years after their injury, and to ask for their satisfaction of life and subjective feeling of quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Mazaux
- Laboratoire de Psychologie EA 526, Groupe Handicap, Cognition EA 487, Université de Bordeaux 2, France
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23
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Canonne-Hergaux F, Calafat J, Richer E, Cellier M, Grinstein S, Borregaard N, Gros P. Expression and subcellular localization of NRAMP1 in human neutrophil granules. Blood 2002; 100:268-75. [PMID: 12070036 DOI: 10.1182/blood.v100.1.268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations at the Nramp1 gene cause susceptibility to infections with intracellular pathogens. In human blood, polymorphonuclear (PMN) leukocytes are the most abundant site of NRAMP1 messenger RNA (mRNA) expression, suggesting that NRAMP1 plays an important role in the activity of these cells. By Northern blot analysis, NRAMP1 mRNA was only detected in most mature neutrophils from bone marrow (band and segmented cells). A high-affinity polyclonal rabbit antihuman NRAMP1 antibody directed against the amino terminus of the protein was produced and used to study cellular and subcellular localization of the protein in primary human neutrophils. Subcellular fractionation of granule populations together with immunoblotting studies with granule-specific markers indicate that NRAMP1 expression is primarily in tertiary granules. These granules are positive for the matrix enzyme gelatinase and the membrane subunit of the vacuolar H(+)/ATPase and can be recruited for exocytosis by treatment of neutrophils with phorbol myristate acetate. Immunogold studies by cryoelectron microscopy with primary neutrophils confirm that a majority (75%) of NRAMP1-positive granules are also positive for gelatinase, but they also suggest further heterogeneity in this granule population. Presence of NRAMP1 in tertiary granules is in agreement with the late-stage appearance of NRAMP1 mRNA during neutrophil maturation in bone marrow. Finally, immunofluorescence studies of Candida albicans-containing phagosomes formed in neutrophils indicate that NRAMP1 is recruited from tertiary granules to the phagosomal membrane on phagocytosis, supporting a role for NRAMP1 in the antimicrobial defenses of human neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Canonne-Hergaux
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for the Study of Host Resistance, McGill Cancer Center, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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24
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Roig EA, Richer E, Canonne‐Hergaux F, Gros P, Cellier MFM. Regulation of
NRAMP1
gene expression by 1α,25‐dihydroxy‐vitamin D
3
in HL‐60 phagocytes. J Leukoc Biol 2002. [DOI: 10.1189/jlb.71.5.890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- E. A. Roig
- INRS‐Institut Armand‐Frappier, Laval, PQ, Canada; and
| | - E. Richer
- INRS‐Institut Armand‐Frappier, Laval, PQ, Canada; and
| | | | - P. Gros
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, PQ, Canada
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25
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Roig EA, Richer E, Canonne-Hergaux F, Gros P, Cellier MFM. Regulation of NRAMP1 gene expression by 1alpha,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D(3) in HL-60 phagocytes. J Leukoc Biol 2002; 71:890-904. [PMID: 11994515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 1 (Nramp1) is a proton-dependent transporter of divalent metals. We studied NRAMP1 expression during HL-60 differentiation induced by VD and VD agonists. NRAMP1 and CD14 gene expression differed in kinetics of induction, mRNA levels and stability, and response to VD combined with PMA, whereas a combination of VD and IFN-gamma induced similar up-regulation. NRAMP1 protein expression paralleled the accumulation of mRNA and was localized in the phagosomal membrane after phagocytosis. A promoter construct extending 647 bp upstream of NRAMP1 ATG showed myeloid-specific transcription in transient transfection assays, which was up-regulated by VD in HL-60. In HL-60 clones stably transfected with this construct, transcription was apparently induced through indirect VD genomic effects, and there was accordance between the levels of reporter transcription and endogenous NRAMP1 mRNA in response to VD but not to IFN-gamma. Thus, VD genomic effects stimulate NRAMP1 transcription and protein expression in maturing phagocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Roig
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, 531 boulevard des prairies, Laval, H7V 1B7 Quebec, Canada
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26
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Abstract
In the initial phase of severe head injury, dysautonomic abnormalities are frequent. Within the framework of a prospective study, evaluating the efficacy of continuous intrathecal Baclofen therapy (CIBT) on hypertonia during the initial recovery phase of severe head injury, the authors report on the preliminary results of this treatment on paroxysmal dysautonomia about four patients. Continuous intrathecal Baclofen infusion was first delivered, for a test period, continuously for 6 days. If a relapse of dysautonomia occurred at the end of the test period, an implantation of a continuous intrathecal infusion pump delivering Baclofen was performed. Results were assessed with four continuous variables; duration (days), dose of Baclofen per day (microg/d), number of dysautonomic paroxysmal episodes per day, and initial recovery evaluated by a scale of the first initial stages of head injury coma recovery. For three patients: (1) the number of dysautonomic paroxysmal episodes per day and the doses of Baclofen during the follow-up period were correlated (p = 0.02, p < 0.001, p = 0.008, respectively, distribution-free test of Spearman), (2) during the test period and the relapse after the test period, the number of paroxysmal episodes and the Baclofen dose are correlated to p < 0.05, p = 0.03, p = 0.04, respectively (distribution-free test of Spearman). The second statistical test was used to prove that Baclofen doses and number of paroxysmal dysautonomic episodes are correlated independently of the duration of follow-up. The fourth patient improved with CIBT without any recurrence at the end of the treatment test period. For the four patients, recovery score increased during the overall follow-up. In the authors' experience CIBT is very efficient to control paroxysmal dysautonomia during the initial recovery phase in severe head injury, and seems to facilitate recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Cuny
- Clinique Universitaire de Neurochirurgie, Hôpital Pellegrin, Bordeaux, France.
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27
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Abstract
The redox-active metals iron and manganese are required for energy metabolism, protection against oxidative stress and defense against infections. In eukaryotes, both divalent metals are transported by Nramp transporters. The sequence of these transporters was remarkably conserved during evolution. Several bacterial Nramp homologs (MntH) are also proton-dependent manganese transporters. Here, we present phylogenetic evidence for the polyphyletic origins of three groups of MntH proteins and for possible Nramp horizontal gene transfer with eukaryotes. We propose that the evolution of the MntH/Nramp family is related to adaptation to oxidative environments, including those arising during infection of animals and plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Cellier
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, 531 Bd des prairies, PQ, H7V 1B7, Laval, Canada.
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28
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Abstract
In humans, bone strength is assessed indirectly by the noninvasive measurement of structure or mass. Recent clinical application of an ultrasonic critical-angle reflectometry technique (UCR) has demonstrated the measurement of the regional and directional distribution of mechanical stiffness. This study investigates the specific question: are these measurements of a local material level property predictive of the strength of whole bone? Maximum values of pressure wave velocity and breaking strength were recorded at two locations (midshaft and base of neck) on rat femurs from growing rats. The results demonstrate a strong empirical relationship between material-level ultrasound (US) velocity and whole bone mechanical strength. However, the US velocity at a specific bone site can be used to assess bone strength at that site only, explaining discrepancies in other published studies that negate a relationship between strength and US velocity. The results indicate an important role for US velocity measurement in clinical evaluation of bone health.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Mehta
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75392-9058, USA
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Abstract
PURPOSE Traumatic brain injury (TBI) stands as a major public health problem and one of the most important challenges for neurological rehabilitation. This review discusses advances that have occurred in the past 10 years in rehabilitation after severe TBI in adults. METHOD First, theoretical concepts, goals of rehabilitation and organization of resources are reviewed. Then specific questions that arise in the rehabilitation of severe TBI patients are considered. RESULTS Three phases are distinguished in post-traumatic evolution. Acute rehabilitation takes place during coma and arousal states. Specific aims are to prevent orthopaedic and visceral complications, and to provide sensory stimulations with the hope of accelerating arousal. Secondly subacute (generally inpatient) rehabilitation is designed to facilitate and accelerate recovery of impairments, and to compensate for disabilities. Motility, cognition, behaviour, personality and affect should be simultaneously addressed in an holistic approach. Physical as well as psychological independence and self-awareness are the major goals to emphasize. A third, post-acute rehabilitation phase includes outpatient therapy for achieving physical, domestic and social independence, reduction of handicaps and re-entry into the community. CONCLUSIONS Problems with returning home, obtaining financial independence, driving, returning to work, participating in social relationships and leisure activities, and the importance of psychosocial adjustment and self-acceptance, are outlined. Questions about economic aspects and rehabilitation in the future are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Mazaux
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, France
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30
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Affiliation(s)
- F Cohadon
- Clinique Universitaire de Neurochirurgie, Hôpital Pellegrin/Tripode, Bordeaux, France
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31
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Richer E, Comar L, Vige P. [Experience of the grouping computer program in obstetrics]. Presse Med 1990; 19:1659-60. [PMID: 2147266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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32
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Sullivan SJ, Richer E, Laurent F. The role of and possibilities for physical conditioning programmes in the rehabilitation of traumatically brain-injured persons. Brain Inj 1990; 4:407-14. [PMID: 2252972 DOI: 10.3109/02699059009026194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The development of rehabilitation programmes for traumatically brain-injured persons is a complex and multidisciplinary effort. One aspect of such programmes is the development of physical work capacity via exercise or physical conditioning. This paper reviews literature dealing with the physical work capacity following traumatic brain injury and its responses to training. The incorporation of physical activity into a specific rehabilitation programme is described and the possible roles of exercise in the rehabilitation programme are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Sullivan
- Department of Exercise Science, Concordia University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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33
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Cohadon F, Richer E. [Late complications and sequelae of skull injuries]. Rev Prat 1985; 35:2287-92. [PMID: 3933101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Rougier A, Bonnaud E, Castel JP, Richer E, Vital C, Cohadon F. [Anatomical findings in 30 cases of acute severe traumatic coma (author's transl)]. Rev Electroencephalogr Neurophysiol Clin 1979; 9:101-8. [PMID: 531315 DOI: 10.1016/s0370-4475(79)80064-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A variety of lesions of varying complexity were noted during pathological examinations of the brain in 30 cases of acute severe traumatic coma, of whom 27 survived for less than 10 days. "Diffuse brain damage" were present in all cases and contusions were frequently noted (83 p. 100). The lesions appear immediately after, and are directly related to the injury. Ischemic lesions were present in 66 p. 100 of cases and their mechanisms of production are various and interwoven. The frequency of respiratory difficulties associated with brain injuries is stressed. Two thirds of the cases with brain stem lesions (80 p. 100) were secondary to phenomena related to trans-tentorial herniation. Clinical examinations of these patients with acute severe coma demonstrates the difficulties encountered in assessing prognosis based on clinical findings within the first 48 hours.
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35
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Richer E. [Hexachlorobenzene content in blood of children from Oberbayern]. Monatsschr Kinderheilkd (1902) 1976; 124:494-5. [PMID: 934158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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36
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Cohadon F, Richer E, Castel JP, Leifer C, Leman P, Caille JM, Montoriol J, Piton J, Montagnac M, Broussin J. [Clinical and angiographic aspects of fronto-temporal parenchymal lesions due to injury]. Neurochirurgie 1973; 19:417-30. [PMID: 4775557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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37
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Cohadon F, Hubert LM, Richer E. [Rehabilitation of patients with severe cranial injuries. Results in a series of 190 wounded. Occurrence, nature and final consequences of complications]. Bord Med 1972; 5:2387-96. [PMID: 4661888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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38
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Cohadon F, Hubert LM, Richer E. [Rehabilitation of patients with "slight" skull injury. Its value for the prevention of subjective sequelae]. Bord Med 1972; 5:1021-35. [PMID: 5080326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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39
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Hubert LM, Jean-Jean C, Richer E, Lodeon J, Cohadon F. [Possibility of an institutional therapeutic in a specialized center in the prevention of subjective sequelae in patients with head injuries]. Bord Med 1972; 5:107-9. [PMID: 5012187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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40
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Bioulac B, Richer E. [Attempted treatment with L-dopa in motor disorders during prolonged coma]. Bord Med 1971; 4:1175-8. [PMID: 5562248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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