1
|
Kakoty V, Sarathlal KC, Kaur P, Wadhwa P, Vishwas S, Khan FR, Alhazmi AYM, Almasoudi HH, Gupta G, Chellappan DK, Paudel KR, Kumar D, Dua K, Singh SK. Unraveling the role of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Neurol Sci 2024; 45:1409-1418. [PMID: 38082050 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-023-07253-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is the second most common neurodegenerative condition with its prevalence projected to 8.9 million individuals globally in the year 2019. Parkinson's disease affects both motor and certain non-motor functions of an individual. Numerous research has focused on the neuroprotective effect of the glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) in Parkinson's disease. Discovered in 1993, GDNF is a neurotrophic factor identified from the glial cells which was found to have selective effects on promoting survival and regeneration of certain populations of neurons including the dopaminergic nigrostriatal pathway. Given this property, recent studies have focused on the exogenous administration of GDNF for relieving Parkinson's disease-related symptoms both at a pre-clinical and a clinical level. This review will focus on enumerating the molecular connection between Parkinson's disease and GDNF and shed light on all the available drug delivery approaches to facilitate the selective delivery of GDNF into the brain paving the way as a potential therapeutic candidate for Parkinson's disease in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Violina Kakoty
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi G.T Road, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - K C Sarathlal
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, India
| | - Palwinder Kaur
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi G.T Road, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Pankaj Wadhwa
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi G.T Road, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Sukriti Vishwas
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi G.T Road, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Farhan R Khan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Al-Quwayiyah, Shaqra University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Hassan Hussain Almasoudi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran, 61441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- Centre for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
- School of Pharmacy, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun, 248007, India
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jagatpura, Mahal Road, Jaipur, India
| | | | - Keshav Raj Paudel
- Centre for Inflammation, Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - Dileep Kumar
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Kamal Dua
- School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
- Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi G.T Road, Phagwara, Punjab, India.
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Aanesen M, Ahi JC, Abate TG, Khan FR, de Vries FP, Kite-Powell H, Beaumont NJ. Author Correction: Insights from international environmental legislation and protocols for the global plastic treaty. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7049. [PMID: 38528046 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57568-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Margrethe Aanesen
- Centre for Applied Research, Norwegian School of Economics, Helleveien 30, 5045, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Julide C Ahi
- Norwegian Research Center (NORCE), Prof.Olav Hanssensvei 15, 4021, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Tenaw G Abate
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Fredriksborgvej 399, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Farhan R Khan
- Norwegian Research Center (NORCE), Nygårdsporten 112, 5008, Bergen, Norway
| | - Frans P de Vries
- Department of Economics, Business School, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK
| | - Hauke Kite-Powell
- Marine Policy Center, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 266 Woods Hole Road, Woods Hole, MA, 02543-1050, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Almasoudi HH, Nahari MH, Binshaya AS, Hakami MA, Alhazmi AY, Al Shmrany H, Alqasem A, Khan FR. Sakuranetin ameliorates streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rodents by inhibiting caspase-3 activity, modulating hematological parameters, and suppressing inflammatory cytokines: a molecular docking and dynamics study. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024:1-18. [PMID: 38459941 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2024.2325659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes affects people of all ages, regardless of gender and background. To date, there is no evidence for the effect of sakuranetin against the streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes paradigm. The research was directed to evaluate the antidiabetic activity of sakuranetin in the STZ model invoking the diabetes-induced disease paradigm. STZ (I.P. 60 mg/kg) is directed to induce type 2 diabetes in experimental rats. Recent research pursued to regulate the anti-diabetic ability of sakuranetin at both 10 and 20 mg/kg in STZ-induced rats. Furthermore, molecular docking research was implemented to evaluate sakuranetin requisite attraction to inflammatory indicators. Various anti-diabetic [(glucose, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and insulin)], lipid profile [triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and high-density lipoproteins (HDL)], hematological parameters [Hemoglobin (HGB), packed cell volume (PCV), red blood cells (RBC), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), platelet (PLT), and white blood cells (WBC), pro-inflammatory cytokines [tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6)], antioxidant level [catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH)], lipid oxidation, and caspase-3 were evaluated. Furthermore, molecular docking and dynamics were performed for TNF-α (2AZ5), IL-6 (1ALU), IL-1β (6Y8M), Caspase-3 (1NME) and serum insulin (4IBM) target ligands. Sakuranetin treatment at both doses restored the biochemical parameters i.e. blood glucose, insulin, HbA1c, lipid profile, hematological parameters, pro-inflammatory markers, antioxidant levels, lipid oxidation, and caspase-3 in the context of diabetic rats. It also showed favorable binding affinity on inflammatory markers. Sakuranetin binds to proteins 2AZ5, 1ALU, 6Y8M, 1NME, and 4IBM at -7.489, -6.381, -6.742, -7.202, and -8.166 Kcal/mol, respectively. All of the findings from the molecular dynamics simulations points toward a considerable change in the conformational dynamics of protein upon binding with sakuranetin. The potential use of sakuranetin as an alternative diabetes medication will aid future research as a potent anti-diabetic agent.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hassan H Almasoudi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed H Nahari
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulkarim S Binshaya
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Ageeli Hakami
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Al-Quwayiyah, Shaqra University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulfattah Y Alhazmi
- Pharmaceutical Practices Department College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Humood Al Shmrany
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Alqasem
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Farhan R Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, P. W College of Pharmacy, Yavatmal, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abu-Alghayth MH, Khan FR, Belali TM, Abalkhail A, Alshaghdali K, Nassar SA, Almoammar NE, Almasoudi HH, Hessien KBG, Aldossari MS, Binshaya AS. The emerging role of noncoding RNAs in the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling pathway in breast cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 255:155180. [PMID: 38330621 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Breast cancer persists as a major problem for the world's healthcare, thus it is essential to fully understand the complex molecular processes that cause its growth and development. ncRNAs had been discovered to serve critical roles in a variety of cellular functions, including the regulation of signalling pathways. Within different pathways, the AKT/PI3K/mTOR signalling cascade has received a lot of interest because of its role in cancer. A complex interaction between ncRNAs, notably miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs, and the AKT/PI3K/mTOR signalling pathway exerts both oncogenic and tumor-suppressive activities by targeting critical components of the pathway directly or indirectly. Through miRNA-mediated post-transcriptional regulation, lncRNA-guided chromatin remodelling, and circRNA sequestration, ncRNAs modulate the activity of PI3K, AKT, and mTOR, influencing cell proliferation, survival, and metastasis. Furthermore, ncRNAs can serve as promising biomarkers for breast cancer prognosis, diagnosis, and treatment response, as their dysregulation is commonly observed in breast cancer patients. Harnessing the potential of ncRNAs as therapeutic targets or tools for restoring pathway homeostasis holds promise for innovative treatment strategies in breast cancer. Understanding the intricate regulatory networks orchestrated by ncRNAs in this context may pave the way for novel diagnostic approaches, therapeutic interventions, and a deeper comprehension of breast cancer's molecular landscape, ultimately improving patient outcomes. This abstract underscores the emerging significance of ncRNAs in the AKT/PI3K/mTOR signaling pathway in breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed H Abu-Alghayth
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Bisha, Bisha, P.O. Box 255, 67714, Saudi Arabia
| | - Farhan R Khan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Al- Quwayiyah, Shaqra University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tareg M Belali
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Bisha, Bisha, P.O. Box 255, 67714, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adil Abalkhail
- Department of Public Health, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Qassim, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Alshaghdali
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, P.O Box 2440, Saudi Arabia
| | - Somia A Nassar
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; Department of Parasitology & Animal Diseases, National Research Centre, 33 Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Nasser Eissa Almoammar
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan H Almasoudi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khater Balatone G Hessien
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Al- Quwayiyah, Shaqra University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Abdulkarim S Binshaya
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Alhazmi AY, Khan FR, Rehman ZU, Hazazi A, Alotaibi BS, Alharthi NS, Alhuthali HM, Aba Alkhayl FF, Alshehri FF, Alkhoshaiban A, Al-Otaibi F. Structural and energetic analysis of NS5 protein inhibition by small molecules in Japanese encephalitis virus using machine learning and steered molecular dynamics approach. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024:1-18. [PMID: 38407246 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2024.2316767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
One of the viral diseases that affect millions of people around the world, particularly in developing countries, is Japanese encephalitis (JE). In this study, the conserved protein of this virus, that is, non-structural protein 5 (NS5), was used as a target protein for this study, and a compound library of 749 antiviral molecules was screened against NS5. The current study employed machine learning-based virtual screening combined with molecular docking. Here, three hits (24360, 123519051 and 213039) had lower binding energies (< -8 kcal/mol) than the control, S-Adenosyl-L-homocysteine (SAH). All the compounds showed significant H-bond interactions with functional residues, which were also observed by the control. Molecular dynamics simulation, MM/GBSA for binding free energy analysis, principal component analysis and free energy landscape were also performed to study the stability of the complex formation. All three compounds had similar root mean square deviation trends, which were comparable to the control, SAH. Post-MD, the 123519051-receptor complex had the highest number of H-bonds (4 to 5) after the control, out of which three exhibited the highest percentage occupancy (50%, 24% and 79%). Both docking and MD, 123519051 showed an H-bond with the residue Gly111, which was also found for the control-protein complex. 123519051 showed the lowest binding free energy with ΔGbind of -89 kJ/mol. Steered molecular dynamics depicted that 123519051 had the maximum magnitude of dissociation (1436.43 kJ/mol/nm), which was more than the control, validating its stable complex formation. This study concluded that 123519051 is a binder and could inhibit the protein NS5 of JE.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdulfattah Y Alhazmi
- Pharmaceutical Practices Department, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Farhan R Khan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences - AlQuwayiyah, Shaqra University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zia Ur Rehman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Hazazi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Security Forces Hospital Program, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bader S Alotaibi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences - AlQuwayiyah, Shaqra University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nahed S Alharthi
- Department of Medical Laboratory. College of Applied Medical Sciences in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudia Arabia
| | - Hayaa M Alhuthali
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faris F Aba Alkhayl
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faez Falah Alshehri
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Shaqra University, Shaqra, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Faisal Al-Otaibi
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Shaqra University, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Alharthi NS, Alwethaynani MS, Alhazmi AY, Alawam AS, Alshehri FF, Alotaibi F, Rehman ZU, Alkhayl FFA, Al-Bazi MM, Khan FR. In silico assessment of a natural small molecule as an inhibitor of programmed death ligand 1 for cancer immunotherapy: a computational approach. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024:1-21. [PMID: 38385444 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2024.2317980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) is a crucial target for cancer therapy. Here, an in silico study investigates PD-L1 to inhibit its interaction with PD1, thereby promoting an immune response to eliminate cancer cells. The study employed machine learning (ML) -based QSAR to detect PDL1 inhibitors. Morgan's fingerprint with docking score showed a 0.83 correlation with the experimental IC50, enabling the screening of 3200 natural compounds. The top three compounds, considered 2819, 2821 and 3188, were selected from the ML-based QSAR and subjected to molecular docking and simulation. The binding scores for 2819, 2821 and 3188 were -7.0, -9.0 and -8.9 kcal/mol, respectively. The stability of the ligands during a 100 ns simulation was assessed using RMSD, showing that 2819 and 2821 maintained stable patterns comparable to the control inhibitor. Notably, 2819 exhibited a consistent stable pattern throughout the simulation, while 2821 showed stability in the last 40 ns. The control compound showed the highest number of hydrogen bonds with proteins, whereas compounds 2819 and 2821 formed continuous H-bonds. 3188 was separated from the protein in later phases and is not regarded as a potential PD-L1-binding molecule. MMGBSA binding free energy for complexes was computed. Control had the lowest binding free energy, while 2819 and 2821 also had lower binding energies. In contrast, 3188 showed poor binding free energy, causing protein separation. Principal component analysis showed a loss of entropy and reduced protein conformational variation. Overall, 2819 and 2821 are potential binders for PD-L1 inhibition and immune response triggering.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nahed S Alharthi
- Department of Medical Laboratory. College of Applied Medical Sciences in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudia Arabia
| | - Maher S Alwethaynani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, AlQuwayiyah, Shaqra University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulfattah Y Alhazmi
- Pharmaceutical Practices Department, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah S Alawam
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faez Falah Alshehri
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Shaqra University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal Alotaibi
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Shaqra University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zia Ur Rehman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faris F Aba Alkhayl
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha M Al-Bazi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Farhan R Khan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, AlQuwayiyah, Shaqra University, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Aanesen M, Ahi JC, Abate TG, Khan FR, de Vries FP, Kite-Powell H, Beaumont NJ. Insights from international environmental legislation and protocols for the global plastic treaty. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2750. [PMID: 38302652 PMCID: PMC10834483 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53099-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Plastic pollution has emerged as a global challenge necessitating collective efforts to mitigate its adverse environmental consequences. International negotiations are currently underway to establish a global plastic treaty. Emphasizing the need for solution-orientated research, rather than focusing on further defining the problems of widespread environmental occurrence and ecological impacts, this paper extracts insights and draws key patterns that are relevant for these international negotiations. The analysis reveals that (i) environmental rather than human health concerns have been the predominant driving force behind previous regulations targeting pollutants, and (ii) the decision to ban or discontinue the use of harmful pollutants is primarily affected by the availability of viable substitutes. These two key findings are relevant to the discussions of the ongoing Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee (INC) on the global plastic treaty and underscore the recognition of environmental consequences associated with plastic pollution while emphasizing the need to enhance the knowledge base of potential human health risks. Leveraging the availability of substitutes can significantly contribute to the development and implementation of effective strategies aimed at reducing plastic usage and corresponding pollution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margrethe Aanesen
- Centre for Applied Research, Norwegian School of Economics, Helleveien 30, 5045, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Julide C Ahi
- Norwegian Research Center (NORCE), Prof.Olav Hanssensvei 15, 4021, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Tenaw G Abate
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Fredriksborgvej 399, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Farhan R Khan
- Norwegian Research Center (NORCE), Nygårdsporten 112, 5008, Bergen, Norway
| | - Frans P de Vries
- Department of Economics, Business School, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK
| | - Hauke Kite-Powell
- Marine Policy Center, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 266 Woods Hole Road, Woods Hole, MA, 02543-1050, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hazazi A, AlShehah AA, Khan FR, Hakami MA, Almarshadi F, Abalkhail A, Nassar SA, Almasoudi HH, Ali AA, Abu-Alghayth MH, Kukreti N, Binshaya AS. From diagnosis to therapy: The transformative role of lncRNAs in eye cancer management. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 254:155081. [PMID: 38211388 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.155081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
The genomic era has brought about a transformative shift in our comprehension of cancer, unveiling the intricate molecular landscape underlying disease development. Eye cancers (ECs), encompassing diverse malignancies affecting ocular tissues, pose distinctive challenges in diagnosis and management. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), an emerging category of non-coding RNAs, are pivotal actors in the genomic intricacies of eye cancers. LncRNAs have garnered recognition for their multifaceted roles in gene expression regulation and influence on many cellular processes. Many studies support that the lncRNAs have a role in developing various cancers. Recent investigations have pinpointed specific lncRNAs associated with ECs, including retinoblastoma and uveal melanoma. These lncRNAs exert control over critical pathways governing tumor initiation, progression, and metastasis, endowing them with the ability to function as evaluation, predictive, and therapeutic indicators. The article aims to synthesize the existing information concerning the functions of lncRNAs in ECs, elucidating their regulatory mechanisms and clinical significance. By delving into the lncRNAs' expanding relevance in the modulation of oncogenic and tumor-suppressive networks, we gain a deeper understanding of the molecular complexities intrinsic to these diseases. In our exploration of the genomic intricacies of ECs, lncRNAs introduce a fresh perspective, providing an opportunity to function as clinical and therapeutic indicators, and they also have therapeutic benefits that show promise for advancing the treatment of ECs. This comprehensive review bridges the intricate relationship between lncRNAs and ECs within the context of the genomic era.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Hazazi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Security Forces Hospital Program, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Farhan R Khan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Al-Quwayiyah, Shaqra University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Ageeli Hakami
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Al-Quwayiyah, Shaqra University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad Almarshadi
- Department of Public Health, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, University of Ha'il, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adil Abalkhail
- Department of Public Health, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, Qassim University, Qassim, Saudi Arabia
| | - Somia A Nassar
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied medical sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; Department of Parasitology & Animal Diseases, National Research Centre, 33 Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Hassan H Almasoudi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amer Al Ali
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Bisha, P.O. Box 255, Bisha 67714, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed H Abu-Alghayth
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Bisha, P.O. Box 255, Bisha 67714, Saudi Arabia
| | - Neelima Kukreti
- School of Pharmacy, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun 248007, India
| | - Abdulkarim S Binshaya
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied medical sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abdulaziz O, Khan FR, Alharthi NS, Alhuthali HM, Hazazi A, Alzahrani HA, Gharib AF, Alsalmi OA, Hawsawi NM, Alhazmi AY. Computational insights into overcoming resistance mechanisms in targeted therapies for advanced breast cancer: focus on EGFR and HER2 co-inhibition. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024:1-12. [PMID: 38234016 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2024.2301766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
In the present study, the formation of a heterodimer involving both epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) has been explored as a potential therapeutic mechanism to inhibit the progression of breast cancer. Virtual screening using molecular docking resulted in the three hit compounds (ZINC08382411, ZINC08382438, and ZINC08382292) with minimum binding scores and commonly binding to both receptors. Further, MD simulation analysis of these complexes illustrated the high stability of these compounds with EGFR and HER2. RMSD showed that ZINC08382411 displayed the most stable RMSD of 2 - 3 Å when bound to both receptors, suggesting to have strong compatibility with the active site of the receptor. Hydrogen bond analysis showed that ZINC08382411 forms the maximum number of H-bonds (2 to 3) in both EGFR and HER2 bound complexes, with the highest occupancy of 62% and 79%, respectively. Binding free energy calculation showed that ZINC08382411 possesses maximum affinity towards both the receptors with ΔGbind = -129.628 and -164.063 kJ/mol, respectively. This approach recognizes the significance of EGFR and HER2 in breast cancer development and aims to disrupt their collaborative signaling, which is known to promote the antagonistic behavior of cancer cells. By focusing on this EGFR/HER2 heterodimer, the study offers a promising avenue for identifying a potential candidate (ZINC08382411) that may inhibit breast cancer cell growth and potentially improve patient outcomes. The study's findings may contribute to the ongoing efforts to advance breast cancer treatment strategies.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Osama Abdulaziz
- Clinical Laboratory Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif Province, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Farhan R Khan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science,College of Applied Medical Sciences, Al-Quwayiyah, Shaqra University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nahed S Alharthi
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Sciences in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hayaa M Alhuthali
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Hazazi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Security Forces Hospital Program, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hind A Alzahrani
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Applied of Medical Sciences, Albaha University, Albaha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal F Gharib
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ohud A Alsalmi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nahed M Hawsawi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulfattah Y Alhazmi
- Pharmaceutical Practices Department, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hakami MA, Hazazi A, Abdulaziz O, Almasoudi HH, Alhazmi AYM, Alkhalil SS, Alharthi NS, Alhuthali HM, Almalki WH, Gupta G, Khan FR. HOTAIR: A key regulator of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling cascade in cancer progression and treatment. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 253:154957. [PMID: 38000201 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
The long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) HOTAIR occupies a central position in the complex domain of cancer biology, particularly concerning its intricate interplay with the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. This comprehensive review explores the multifaceted interactions between HOTAIR and the Wnt/β-catenin cascade, elucidating their profound function in cancer growth, progression, and therapeutic strategies. The study commences by underscoring the pivotal role of the Wnt/β-catenin cascade in governing essential cellular activities, emphasizing its dysregulation as a linchpin in cancer initiation and advancement. It introduces HOTAIR as a crucial regulatory entity, influencing gene expression in both healthy and diseased. The core of this review plunges into the intricacies of HOTAIR's engagement with Wnt/β-catenin signaling. It unravels how HOTAIR, through epigenetic modifications and transcriptional control, exerts its influence over key pathway constituents, including β-catenin, Wnt ligands, and target genes. This influence drives unchecked cancer cell growth, invasion, and metastasis. Furthermore, the review underscores the clinical significance of the HOTAIR-Wnt/β-catenin interplay, elucidating its associations with diverse cancer subtypes, patient prognoses, and prospects as a therapy. It provides insights into ongoing research endeavors to develop HOTAIR-targeted treatments and initiatives to facilitate aberrant Wnt/β-catenin activation. Concluding on a forward-looking note, the article accentuates the broader implications of HOTAIR's involvement in cancer biology, including its contributions to therapy resistance and metastatic dissemination. It underscores the importance of delving deeper into these intricate molecular relationships to pave the way for groundbreaking cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Ageeli Hakami
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Al-Quwayiyah, Shaqra University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Hazazi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Security Forces Hospital Program, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama Abdulaziz
- Clinical Laboratory Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan Hussain Almasoudi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Samia S Alkhalil
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Al-Quwayiyah, Shaqra University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nahed S Alharthi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences. College of Applied Medical Sciences in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudia Arabia
| | - Hayaa M Alhuthali
- Clinical Laboratory Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed Hassan Almalki
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- Centre for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, India; School of Pharmacy, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun 248007, India; School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jagatpura, Mahal Road, Jaipur 302017, India
| | - Farhan R Khan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Al-Quwayiyah, Shaqra University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hakami MA, Hazazi A, Khan FR, Abdulaziz O, Alshaghdali K, Abalkhail A, Nassar SA, Omar BIA, Almarshadi F, Gupta G, Binshaya AS. PVT1 lncRNA in lung cancer: A key player in tumorigenesis and therapeutic opportunities. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 253:155019. [PMID: 38091883 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.155019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
The lncRNA PVT1 has emerged as a pivotal component in the intricate landscape of cancer pathogenesis, particularly in lung cancer. PVT1, situated in the 8q24 chromosomal region, has garnered attention for its aberrant expression patterns in lung cancer, correlating with tumor progression, metastasis, and poor prognosis. Numerous studies have unveiled the diverse mechanisms PVT1 contributes to lung cancer pathogenesis. It modulates critical pathways, such as cell proliferation, apoptosis evasion, angiogenesis, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. PVT1's interactions with other molecules, including microRNAs and proteins, amplify its oncogenic influence. Recent advancements in genomic and epigenetic analyses have also illuminated the intricate regulatory networks that govern PVT1 expression. Understanding PVT1's complex involvement in lung cancer holds substantial clinical implications. Targeting PVT1 presents a promising avenue for developing novel diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic interventions. This abstract encapsulates the expanding knowledge regarding the oncogenic role of PVT1 in lung cancer, underscoring the significance of further research to unravel its complete mechanistic landscape and exploit its potential for improved patient outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Ageeli Hakami
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Al-Quwayiyah, Shaqra university, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Hazazi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Security Forces Hospital Program, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Farhan R Khan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Al-Quwayiyah, Shaqra university, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama Abdulaziz
- Clinical Laboratory Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Alshaghdali
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, P.O Box 2440, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adil Abalkhail
- Department of Public Health, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, Qassim University, Qassim, Saudi Arabia
| | - Somia A Nassar
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; Department of Parasitology & Animal Diseases, National Research Centre, 33 Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Bashir Ibrahim A Omar
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Al-Quwayiyah, Shaqra university, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad Almarshadi
- Department of Public Health, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, University of Ha'il, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- Centre for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, India; School of Pharmacy, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun 248007, India; School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Mahal Road, Jagatpura, Jaipur, India
| | - Abdulkarim S Binshaya
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Alharthi NS, Al-Zahrani MH, Hazazi A, Alhuthali HM, Gharib AF, Alzahrani S, Altalhi W, Almalki WH, Khan FR. Exploring the lncRNA-VEGF axis: Implications for cancer detection and therapy. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 253:154998. [PMID: 38056133 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a complicated illness that spreads indefinitely owing to epigenetic, genetic, and genomic alterations. Cancer cell multidrug susceptibility represents a severe barrier in cancer therapy. As a result, creating effective therapies requires a better knowledge of the mechanisms driving cancer development, progress, and resistance to medications. The human genome is predominantly made up of long non coding RNAs (lncRNAs), which are currently identified as critical moderators in a variety of biological functions. Recent research has found that changes in lncRNAs are closely related to cancer biology. The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signalling system is necessary for angiogenesis and vascular growth and has been related to an array of health illnesses, such as cancer. LncRNAs have been identified to alter a variety of cancer-related processes, notably the division of cells, movement, angiogenesis, and treatment sensitivity. Furthermore, lncRNAs may modulate immune suppression and are being investigated as possible indicators for early identification of cancer. Various lncRNAs have been associated with cancer development and advancement, serving as cancer-causing or suppressing genes. Several lncRNAs have been demonstrated through research to impact the VEGF cascade, resulting in changes in angiogenesis and tumor severity. For example, the lncRNA nuclear paraspeckle assembly transcript 1 (NEAT1) has been shown to foster the formation of oral squamous cell carcinoma and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition by stimulating the VEGF-A and Notch systems. Plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 (PVT1) promotes angiogenesis in non-small-cell lung cancer by affecting miR-29c and boosting the VEGF cascade. Furthermore, lncRNAs regulate VEGF production and angiogenesis by interacting with multiple downstream signalling networks, including Wnt, p53, and AKT systems. Identifying how lncRNAs engage with the VEGF cascade in cancer gives beneficial insights into tumor biology and possible treatment strategies. Exploring the complicated interaction between lncRNAs and the VEGF pathway certainly paves avenues for novel ways to detect better accurately, prognosis, and cure cancers. Future studies in this area could open avenues toward the creation of innovative cancer therapy regimens that enhance the lives of patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nahed S Alharthi
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Sciences in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudia Arabia
| | | | - Ali Hazazi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Security Forces Hospital Program, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hayaa Moeed Alhuthali
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal F Gharib
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shatha Alzahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wafa Altalhi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed Hassan Almalki
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Farhan R Khan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences AlQuwayiyah, Shaqra University, Saudi Arabia.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Javed F, Zafar K, Khan FR. Outcome of intentional replantation of endodontically treated teeth with periapical pathosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. AUST ENDOD J 2023; 49 Suppl 1:494-507. [PMID: 36354086 DOI: 10.1111/aej.12707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the present review was to examine success, survival and failure following intentional replantation of endodontically treated teeth with existing periapical pathosis and to determine the factors that might affect the outcome of replantation. Clinical trials, longitudinal studies, case series with >10 cases and at least 1-year follow-up were included. The average rate of success following intentional replantation was 77.23%. Meta-analysis revealed the mean weighted survival to be 85.9% (95% CI: 79.6-91.2) Common complications include inflammatory root resorption (0%-27%) and ankylosis (0%-25%). Variables influencing successful outcome include extra alveolar dry time <15 min; root-end resection (2-3 mm) and cavity preparation (3 mm); manipulation of the tooth using the crown only; and use of an appropriate storage media. The review concludes that intentional replantation is a viable treatment option with acceptable survival rates for endodontically treated teeth with periapical pathosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Faizan Javed
- Operative Dentistry & Endodontics, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Kamil Zafar
- Endodontics, Baqai Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Farhan R Khan
- Operative Dentistry & Endodontics, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Huijghebaert S, Parviz S, Rabago D, Baxter A, Chatterjee U, Khan FR, Fabbris C, Poulas K, Hsu S. Saline nasal irrigation and gargling in COVID-19: a multidisciplinary review of effects on viral load, mucosal dynamics, and patient outcomes. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1161881. [PMID: 37397736 PMCID: PMC10312243 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1161881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
With unrelenting SARS-CoV-2 variants, additional COVID-19 mitigation strategies are needed. Oral and nasal saline irrigation (SI) is a traditional approach for respiratory infections/diseases. As a multidisciplinary network with expertise/experience with saline, we conducted a narrative review to examine mechanisms of action and clinical outcomes associated with nasal SI, gargling, spray, or nebulization in COVID-19. SI was found to reduce SARS-CoV-2 nasopharyngeal loads and hasten viral clearance. Other mechanisms may involve inhibition of viral replication, bioaerosol reduction, improved mucociliary clearance, modulation of ENaC, and neutrophil responses. Prophylaxis was documented adjunctive to personal protective equipment. COVID-19 patients experienced significant symptom relief, while overall data suggest lower hospitalization risk. We found no harm and hence recommend SI use, as safe, inexpensive, and easy-to-use hygiene measure, complementary to hand washing or mask-wearing. In view of mainly small studies, large well-controlled or surveillance studies can help to further validate the outcomes and to implement its use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Shehzad Parviz
- Medstar Health, Brooke Grove Rehabilitation Village, Sandy Spring, MD, United States
- Infectious Disease, Adventist Healthcare, White Oak Medical Center, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - David Rabago
- Departments of Family and Community Medicine and Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Pennsylvania, PA, United States
| | - Amy Baxter
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Uday Chatterjee
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Park Medical Research and Welfare Society, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Farhan R. Khan
- Department of Surgery, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Stephen Hsu
- Department of Oral Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
- Department of Oral Health and Diagnostic Sciences, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Parveen SR, Wadhwa S, Babu MR, Vishwas S, Corrie L, Awasthi A, Khan FR, Al-Bazi MM, Alharthi NS, Alotaibi F, Gupta G, Pandey NK, Kumar B, Kumbhar P, Disouza J, Gulati M, Neelamraju J, Madempudi RS, Dua K, Singh SK. Formulation of chrysin loaded nanostructured lipid carriers using Box Behnken design, its characterization and antibacterial evaluation alone and in presence of probiotics co-loaded in gel. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2023.104411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
|
16
|
KeChi-Okafor C, Khan FR, Al-Naimi U, Béguerie V, Bowen L, Gallidabino MD, Scott-Harden S, Sheridan KJ. Prevalence and characterisation of microfibres along the Kenyan and Tanzanian coast. Front Ecol Evol 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2023.1020919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Microplastic pollution is ubiquitous, with textiles being a major source of one of the dominant microplastic types—microfibres. Microfibres have been discovered in the aquatic environment and marine biota, demonstrating direct infiltration in the environment. However, the impact of non-plastic microfibres has been overlooked until recently despite their prevalence and the ecotoxicological risk posed by chemical dyes and finishes used during processing. During an expedition from Lamu to Zanzibar (East Africa), a citizen science strategy was employed to innovate, educate and influence microfibre pollution reform through the Flipflopi project, a circular economy effort to stop the use of single-use plastic. Simple sampling methods were developed to replace costly equipment, which local citizens could use to partake in the collection and sampling of surface water samples from the previously understudied Kenyan and Tanzanian coast. To maintain the reliability of samples and to minimise contamination, a forensic science strategy was embedded throughout the methodology of the study, collection and analysis of the samples. A total of 2,403 microfibres from 37 sites were recovered and fully characterised with 55% found to be of natural origin, 8% regenerated cellulosic and 37% synthetic microfibres. Natural microfibres were in higher abundance in 33 of the 37 sampled sites. Congruent with recent studies, these findings further support the need for greater understanding of the anthropogenic impact of natural microfibres.
Collapse
|
17
|
Alnomasy SF, Alotaibi BS, Aldosari ZM, Mujamammi AH, Alzamami A, Anand P, Akhter Y, Khan FR, Hasan MR. Molecular Interactions of Zyesami with the SARS-CoV-2 nsp10/nsp16 Protein Complex. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2023; 26:1196-1203. [PMID: 35975856 DOI: 10.2174/1386207325666220816141028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND SARS-CoV-2 emerged in late 2019 and caused COVID-19. Patients treated with Zyesami were found to have a 3-fold decrease in respiratory failure and improved clinical outcomes. It was reported that Zyesami inhibits RNA replication of SARS-CoV-2, including several non-structural proteins essential in viral RNA replication. SARS-CoV-2 is a distinctive virus that requires nsp10 and nsp16 for its methyltransferases activity which is crucial for RNA stability and protein synthesis. OBJECTIVE We aimed the in silico determination of inhibitory consequences of Zyesami on the SARS-CoV-2 nsp10/nsp16 complex. Targeting SARS-CoV-2 nsp10/ nsp16 protein complex may be used to develop a drug against COVID-19. METHODS I-TASSER was used for secondary structure prediction of Zyesami. CABS-dock was used to model Zyesami with SARS-CoV-2 nsp16 interaction. The docked complex was visualized using PyMol. The quality of the docking model was checked by using ProQdock. RESULTS The 3D structure of SARS-CoV 2, nsp10/nsp16 showed that essential interactions exist between nsp10 and nsp16. Significant contact areas of Zyesami exist across amino acid residues of nsp10; Asn40-Thr47, Val57-Pro59, Gly69-Ser72, Cys77-Pro84, Lys93-Tyr96. In addition, polar contacts between nsp16 and Zyesami are Asn299-Ser440, Val297-Asn443, Gly149-Tyr437, Gln159-Lys430, Asn178- Arg429, Ser146-Arg429, Ser146-Arg429, Lys147-Arg429, Asr221-Thr422, Lys183-Asp423, Lys183-Asp423, and Gln219-Asp423 the residues are shown of nsp16 and Zyesami respectively. CONCLUSION The structural bioinformatics analyses have indicated the potential binding specificity of Zyesami and nsp16. Data predict how the initial binding of Zyesami with nsp10 and nsp16 may occur. Moreover, this binding could significantly inhibit the 2 -O-MTase activity of the SARSCoV nsp10/16 complex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sultan F Alnomasy
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences in Al-Quwayiyah, Shaqra University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bader S Alotaibi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences in Al-Quwayiyah, Shaqra University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ziyad M Aldosari
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences in Al-Quwayiyah, Shaqra University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed H Mujamammi
- Department of Pathology, Clinical Biochemistry Unit, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Alzamami
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences in Al-Quwayiyah, Shaqra University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pragya Anand
- Department of Biotechnology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, India
| | - Yusuf Akhter
- Department of Biotechnology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, India
| | - Farhan R Khan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences in Al-Quwayiyah, Shaqra University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad R Hasan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences in Al-Quwayiyah, Shaqra University, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Clark NJ, Khan FR, Crowther C, Mitrano DM, Thompson RC. Uptake, distribution and elimination of palladium-doped polystyrene nanoplastics in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) following dietary exposure. Sci Total Environ 2023; 854:158765. [PMID: 36113800 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The ingestion of nanoplastics (NPs) by fish has led to concerns regarding fish health and food chain transfer, but analytical constraints have hindered quantitative data collection on their uptake and depuration. We used palladium-doped polystyrene nanoplastics (PS-Pd NPs, ~200 nm) to track particle fate in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) during a week-long dietary exposure and subsequent 7-day depuration period on a control diet (no added PS-Pd NPs). At Day 3 and 7 of the exposure, and after depuration, the mid intestine, hind intestine, liver, gallbladder, kidney, gill and carcass were sampled. All organs and the carcass were analysed for total Pd content by inductively couple plasma mass spectrometry. After 3 days of exposure, the mid (32.5 ± 8.3 ng g-1) and hind (42.3 ± 8.2 ng g-1) intestine had significantly higher total Pd concentrations compared to the liver and carcass (1.3 ± 0.4 and 3.4 ± 1.1 ng g-1, respectively). At Day 7, there was no time-related difference in any organ (or the carcass) total Pd concentrations compared to Day 3. When the total Pd content was expressed as a body distribution based on mass of tissue, the carcass contained the highest fraction with 72.5 ± 5.2 % at Day 7, which could raise concerns over transfer to higher trophic levels. The total number of particles that entered the fish over the 7 days was 94.5 ± 13.5 × 106 particles, representing 0.07 ± 0.01 % of the Pd the fish had been fed. Following depuration, there was no detectable Pd in any organ or the carcass, indicating clearance from the fish. These data indicate that these NPs are taken into the internal organs and carcass of fish, yet removal of the exposure results in substantial excretion to below the limit of detection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel J Clark
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK.
| | - Farhan R Khan
- Norwegian Research Centre (NORCE), Nygårdsporten 112, NO-5008 Bergen, Norway
| | - Charlotte Crowther
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Denise M Mitrano
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Richard C Thompson
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Nchimbi AA, Shilla DA, Kosore CM, Shilla DJ, Shashoua Y, Khan FR. Microplastics in marine beach and seabed sediments along the coasts of Dar es Salaam and Zanzibar in Tanzania. Mar Pollut Bull 2022; 185:114305. [PMID: 36343543 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) pollution in the marine environment has been one of the biggest challenge in developing countries due to a lack of proper solid waste management strategies. This study reports the distribution and types of MPs in beach and seabed zones of the Dar es Salaam and Zanzibar coasts. A total of 641 MPs were identified across all sites, of which 84 % and 16 % originated from beach and seabed sediments, respectively. Fragment and fibers were the most common types in both seabed and beach zone confirming the secondary sources of the MPs. Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR), revealed four types of polymers with polyethylene (PE) (56%) and polyester (PS) (24 %) being the most common. Microplastics were more abundant on beaches than in seabed zone. A larger abundance of PE and PS reveals a wide range of MPs entering the Ocean.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amina Asiya Nchimbi
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Technology (DASFT), University of Dar es Salaam, P.O. Box 60091, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Department of Biology, College of Natural and Mathematical Science (CNMS), University of Dodoma, P.O. Box 338, Dodoma, Tanzania.
| | - Daniel Abel Shilla
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Technology (DASFT), University of Dar es Salaam, P.O. Box 60091, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | | | | | - Yvonne Shashoua
- Environmental Archaeology and Materials Science (M&M) group of the National Museum of Denmark (NMD), Denmark
| | - Farhan R Khan
- Norwegian Research Centre (NORCE), Nygårdsporten 112, NO-5008 Bergen, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Nchimbi AA, Kosore CM, Oduor N, Shilla DJ, Shashoua Y, Khan FR, Shilla DA. Microplastics in Marine Nearshore Surface Waters of Dar es Salaam and Zanzibar, East Africa. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2022; 109:1037-1042. [PMID: 36121466 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-022-03620-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Limited information exists on the occurrence of microplastics (MPs) in East African coastal waters. A 300 μm manta net was used to collect surface water from 8 sites in the regions Dar es Salaam (DES) and Zanzibar (ZZ) during low and high tides. DES had a higher (p < 0.05) abundance of MPs than ZZ. Fragments and fibers were the dominant MP types at all sites. The number of fibers was significantly higher (p = 0.002) in DES than in ZZ. MPs were more prevalent during high tide in both DES and ZZ. The MPs within the 2-5 mm size range were identified most often. White and blue MPs were the most common in study sites comprising 45% and 18% of the total MPs respectively. Three polymers polypropylene (PP) high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and low-density polyethylene (LDPE) were identified. The occurrence of MPs in nearshore waters of DES and ZZ is probably due to their proximity to industrial areas, poor solid waste management, and high population pressure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amina Asiya Nchimbi
- School of Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Technology, University of Dar es Salaam, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
- Department of Biology, College of Natural and Mathematical Science, University of Dodoma, Dodoma, Tanzania.
- Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute (KMFRI), Mombasa, Kenya.
| | - Charles Mitto Kosore
- Department of Chemistry, University of Dar es Salaam, DUCE, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Nancy Oduor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Dar es Salaam, DUCE, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Dativa Joseph Shilla
- Environmental Archaeology and Materials Science (M&M), National Museum, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yvonne Shashoua
- Norwegian Research Centre (NORCE), Nygårdsporten 112, NO-5008, Bergen, Norway
| | - Farhan R Khan
- Norwegian Research Centre (NORCE), Nygårdsporten 112, NO-5008, Bergen, Norway
| | - Daniel Abel Shilla
- School of Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Technology, University of Dar es Salaam, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Trudsø LL, Nielsen MB, Hansen SF, Syberg K, Kampmann K, Khan FR, Palmqvist A. The need for environmental regulation of tires: Challenges and recommendations. Environ Pollut 2022; 311:119974. [PMID: 35995286 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The interest in tire wear particles (TWPs), generated from abrasion of tires, have gained traction over the past few years, both in regards to quantifying particulate emissions, leaching of different compounds, toxicity, and analytical methods. The life of a tire, from cradle to end-of-life, crosses over different scenarios during its lifetime and transcends environmental compartments and legislative areas, underlining the need for a collective approach. Sustainability for a tire encompasses the use of raw materials, recycling of raw materials, circular economy and material sourcing. The tire industry is currently making significant efforts towards a greener and more sustainable production considering reduction of CO2-emissions, recycling, material sources and implementing the use of biomass from plants rather than oil-derived alternatives. In this paper, we aim to analyze and discuss the need for environmental regulation of tires in order to provide a series of targeted recommendations for future legislation. Our study shows that the numerous regulations related to tires focus on chemicals, manufacturing, raw materials, use of tires on roads, waste handling, safety and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in different life cycle stages of a tire. However, none directly addresses the contribution of TWPs to the environment. Despite the overall good intentions of the existing regulations, there is a lack of focus on the compounds that partition from the tire and disperse in the environment, their mixture effects, and the transformative products from the parent compounds in the environment. Therefore, a renewed focus is needed on risk assessment of complex mixtures like TWPs. Thus, transparency in regard to use of chemicals in TWP, mixtures, minimization of emissions, and capture of particulate pollution should be a priority.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Louise Lynn Trudsø
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Universitetsvej 1, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark; Dansk Miljøanalyse (Danish Environmental Analysis), Skelstedet 5, Trørød, 2950, Vedbæk, Denmark.
| | - Maria Bille Nielsen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Bygningstorvet 115, 2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Steffen Foss Hansen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Bygningstorvet 115, 2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Kristian Syberg
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Universitetsvej 1, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
| | - Kristoffer Kampmann
- Dansk Miljøanalyse (Danish Environmental Analysis), Skelstedet 5, Trørød, 2950, Vedbæk, Denmark.
| | - Farhan R Khan
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Universitetsvej 1, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark; Norwegian Research Centre (NORCE), Nygårdsporten 112, NO-5008, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Annemette Palmqvist
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Universitetsvej 1, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Nizar A, Sheikh M, Khan FR, Iqbal NT, Azam SI, Qureshi S, Ali A, Jehan F. Streptococcus mutans carriage in the saliva of mothers and its association with dental caries and Streptococcus mutans carriage in the saliva of children between 6 and 30 months old in a low-income setting in Karachi, Pakistan. Clin Exp Dent Res 2022; 8:1523-1532. [PMID: 36177666 PMCID: PMC9760158 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early childhood caries poses a significant health issue in children under 6 years old. It is determined that Streptococcus mutans is a primary etiological agent, likely to be transferred through maternal contact. OBJECTIVES To determine the association of maternal S. mutans counts with S. mutans counts in their children between 6 and 30 months of age, and to determine the maternal and child DMFT (decayed, missing, and filled teeth) indices. MATERIAL AND METHODS A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Karachi, Pakistan. A sample of 193 dyads of mother-children (6-30 months of age) was selected via purposive sampling. Saliva samples of the dyads were collected to assess S. mutans count. Caries assessment was performed for both using the DMFT index. A pretested questionnaire was used. The association of bottle-feeding, oral hygiene measures, and other factors with S. mutans counts in children were also explored. Zero-inflated negative binomial regression model at a 5% level of significance was applied using STATA version 12.0. RESULTS Out of 193 children, 109 (56.47%) were males and 84 (43.52%) were females. The mean age of mothers and children was 29.4 ± 6.2 years and 19.54 ± 6.8 months, respectively. Maternal S. mutans counts were not statistically associated with child's S. mutans counts (Mean child's S. mutans count ratio: 1; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1, 1.01; p = .882). Compared with children who were breastfed, S. mutans counts were higher in children who were bottle-fed (mean S. mutans count ratio= 4.85 [95% CI: 1.53, 15.41], p = .007). Age of mother and present caries status of mothers was significantly associated with the child's S. mutans count. CONCLUSION No association between maternal S. mutans and child S. mutans was observed. However, maternal age, children who were breastfed, children who did not use pacifiers, and children with mothers who did not have caries, exhibited low S. mutans counts in their saliva.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ambreen Nizar
- Department of Pediatrics and Child HealthAga Khan UniversityKarachiPakistan
| | - Maheen Sheikh
- Department of Pediatrics and Child HealthAga Khan UniversityKarachiPakistan
| | - Farhan R. Khan
- Dentistry Section, Department of SurgeryAga Khan UniversityKarachiPakistan
| | | | - Syed I. Azam
- Department of Community Health SciencesAga Khan UniversityKarachiPakistan
| | - Shahida Qureshi
- Department of Pediatrics and Child HealthAga Khan UniversityKarachiPakistan
| | - Asad Ali
- Department of Pediatrics and Child HealthAga Khan UniversityKarachiPakistan
| | - Fyezah Jehan
- Department of Pediatrics and Child HealthAga Khan UniversityKarachiPakistan
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Kosore CM, Ojwang L, Maghanga J, Kamau J, Shilla D, Everaert G, Khan FR, Shashoua Y. Microplastics in Kenya's marine nearshore surface waters: Current status. Mar Pollut Bull 2022; 179:113710. [PMID: 35526380 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) were collected at six locations along Kenya's marine nearshore surface waters using a 300 μm mesh-size manta net. The samples were washed over a 125-μm mesh size sieve No.120 into a glass jar and preserved in 70% ethanol. MPs were sorted, counted visually under a dissecting microscope then identified using attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy. A total of 1473 particles with an overall mean concentration of 0.58 ± 1.29 MPs m-3, were collected. Fragments were the most common types representing 55% of the total MPs, followed by films (40%) and fibers (2%). Polypropylene (PP) was dominant (52%), high-density polyethylene (HDPE) comprised 38% and low density polyethylene (LDPE) 10% of the total MPs. This study provided baseline information, in which Malindi was identified as a hot spot for MPs pollution. Furthermore, the outcomes will assist policy formulations and management strategies aimed at controlling marine plastics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charles Mitto Kosore
- Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute, P.O. Box 81651-80100, Mombasa, Kenya; Department of Chemistry(,) Pwani University, P.O Box 195-80108, Kilifi County, Kenya.
| | - Loice Ojwang
- Department of Chemistry, Taita-Taveta University, P.O. Box 635-80300, Voi, Kenya
| | - Justin Maghanga
- Department of Chemistry, Taita-Taveta University, P.O. Box 635-80300, Voi, Kenya
| | - Joseph Kamau
- Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute, P.O. Box 81651-80100, Mombasa, Kenya
| | - Daniel Shilla
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries, University of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | | | - Farhan R Khan
- Norwegian Research Center (NORCE), Nygårdsporten 112, NO-5008 Bergen, Norway
| | - Yvonne Shashoua
- Environmental Archaeology and Materials Science, National Museum of Denmark, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Clark NJ, Khan FR, Mitrano DM, Boyle D, Thompson RC. Demonstrating the translocation of nanoplastics across the fish intestine using palladium-doped polystyrene in a salmon gut-sac. Environ Int 2022; 159:106994. [PMID: 34922180 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Fish are widely reported to ingest microplastics with low levels accumulating in the tissues, but owing to analytical constraints, much less is known about the potential accumulation of nanoplastics via the gut. Recently, the labelling of plastics with inorganic metals (e.g., palladium) has allowed measurements of nanoplastic uptake. The aim of the current study was to quantitatively assess the uptake of nanoplastics by the fish gut using palladium-doped nanoplastics (with a mean hydrodynamic radius of 202 ± 7 nm). By using an ex vivo gut sac exposure system, we show that in 4 h between 200 and 700 million nanoplastics (representing 2.5-9.4% of the administered nanoplastics dose) can enter the mucosa and muscularis layers of the intestine of salmon. Of the particles taken up, up to 700,000 (representing 0.6% of that taken into the tissue) of the nanoplastics passed across the gut epithelium of the anterior intestine and exit into the serosal saline. These data, generated in highly controlled conditions provide a proof-of-concept study, suggesting the potential for nanoplastics to distribute throughout the body, indicating the potential for systemic exposure in fish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel J Clark
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK.
| | - Farhan R Khan
- Norwegian Research Centre (NORCE), Nygårdsporten 112, NO-5008 Bergen, Norway; Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Universitetsvej 1, PO Box 260, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Denise M Mitrano
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - David Boyle
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK; Cobalt Institute, 18 Jeffries Passage, Guildford GU1 4AP, UK
| | - Richard C Thompson
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Halden RU, Rolsky C, Khan FR. Time: A Key Driver of Uncertainty When Assessing the Risk of Environmental Plastics to Human Health. Environ Sci Technol 2021; 55:12766-12769. [PMID: 34520666 PMCID: PMC8495893 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c02580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rolf U. Halden
- Center
for Environmental Health Engineering, The
Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, 1001 S. McAllister Avenue, Tempe, Arizona 85287-8101, United States
- School
of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, 660 S. College Avenue, Tempe, Arizona 85281, United
States
- Global
Futures Laboratory, Arizona State University, 800 S. Cady Mall, Tempe, Arizona 85281, United States
- OneWaterOneHealth, Nonprofit Project of the Arizona State University
Foundation, 1001 S. McAllister
Ave., Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
- AquaVitas,
LLC, 9260 E. Raintree
Dr., Suite 130, Scottsdale, Arizona 85260, United
States
| | - Charles Rolsky
- Center
for Environmental Health Engineering, The
Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, 1001 S. McAllister Avenue, Tempe, Arizona 85287-8101, United States
| | - Farhan R. Khan
- Norwegian
Research Center (NORCE), Nygårdsporten 112, NO-5008 Bergen, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Halle LL, Palmqvist A, Kampmann K, Jensen A, Hansen T, Khan FR. Tire wear particle and leachate exposures from a pristine and road-worn tire to Hyalella azteca: Comparison of chemical content and biological effects. Aquat Toxicol 2021; 232:105769. [PMID: 33561741 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2021.105769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Tire emissions have emerged as an environmental contaminant of concern. To fully understand their effects to biota, research is needed from different stages of a tire's lifecycle. In this study we exposed freshwater Hyalella azteca to tire wear particles (TWPs) as particle suspensions or their respective chemical leachates (the chemicals released from tire particles into water) from a pristine (P-TWP) and worn (W-TWP) tire of same make and model. Acute and long-term toxicity experiments on H. azteca showed that P-TWP suspensions were more toxic than W-TWP suspensions with estimated LC50 values of 364 ± 64 particles (0.19 ± 0.03 g L-1) and 3073 ± 211 particles (0.91 ± 0.06 g L-1), respectively. However, leachates from W- and P-TWPs appeared equally toxic, but did not conform to a sigmoidal dose-response pattern and LC50 values could not be derived. In long-term tests (21 d) P-TWP suspensions showed no significant effects on H. azteca mortality (p = 0.970) or reproduction (p = 0.123), but growth was significantly reduced (p = 0.003) at the highest concentration tested (250 particles mL-1 or 0.127 g L-1). Chemical analysis of both particle types and their leachates showed that four compounds, benzothiazole, 1-indanone, aluminum and zinc, consistently leached from TWPs into water. Analysis of the two TWPs showed a difference in the concentration of the various compounds. Specifically, P-TWPs contained significantly more 1-octanethiol, phenanthrene, anthracene and aluminum than W-TWPs, suggesting that they are possible candidates for the increased toxicity observed following P-TWP exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Louise L Halle
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Universitetsvej 1, PO Box 260, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark; Dansk Miljøanalyse (Danish Environmental Analysis), Skelstedet 5, Trørød, 2950 Vedbæk, Denmark.
| | - Annemette Palmqvist
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Universitetsvej 1, PO Box 260, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
| | - Kristoffer Kampmann
- Dansk Miljøanalyse (Danish Environmental Analysis), Skelstedet 5, Trørød, 2950 Vedbæk, Denmark.
| | - Anders Jensen
- Dansk Miljøanalyse (Danish Environmental Analysis), Skelstedet 5, Trørød, 2950 Vedbæk, Denmark.
| | - Tobias Hansen
- Dansk Miljøanalyse (Danish Environmental Analysis), Skelstedet 5, Trørød, 2950 Vedbæk, Denmark.
| | - Farhan R Khan
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Universitetsvej 1, PO Box 260, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark; Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, PO Box 1066, N-0316 Oslo, Norway.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Naji A, Azadkhah S, Farahani H, Uddin S, Khan FR. Microplastics in wastewater outlets of Bandar Abbas city (Iran): A potential point source of microplastics into the Persian Gulf. Chemosphere 2021; 262:128039. [PMID: 33182145 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater discharge is considered to be a significant point source of microplastic (MPs) release into the marine environment. This study is the first attempt to quantify MPs released from the wastewater outfall from Bandar Abbas City into the Persian Gulf. Two wastewater discharge stations at Gursuzan and Suru were sampled. MPs were isolated by an oxidative procedure and subsequent density separation using ZnCl2 solution. The average MP concentration in wastewater and sludge were 70.66 (±14.12, SD) MP.35 L-1 and 6070 (±807.25) MPs.kg-1, respectively at Confidence Level (CL) (95.0%). The most commonly recovered polymers were polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP) in all size classes. Our findings provides a baseline of MP concentration in wastewater streams and slurry that is discharged from the Bandar Abbas wastewater treatment facility into the Persian Gulf. This highlights the need to undertake more studies at water treatment plants in the region for a realistic assessment of MP discharge into the Persian Gulf.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abolfazl Naji
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
| | - Sharifeh Azadkhah
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Hadi Farahani
- Research Institute of Petroleum Industry (RIPI), Tehran, Iran
| | - Saif Uddin
- Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Kuwait
| | - Farhan R Khan
- Blindern Research Group, Rasmus Winderens Vei 4, NO-0373, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Syberg K, Palmqvist A, Khan FR, Strand J, Vollertsen J, Clausen LPW, Feld L, Hartmann NB, Oturai N, Møller S, Nielsen TG, Shashoua Y, Hansen SF. A nationwide assessment of plastic pollution in the Danish realm using citizen science. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17773. [PMID: 33082484 PMCID: PMC7576202 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74768-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Plastic pollution is considered one of today’s major environmental problems. Current land-based monitoring programs typically rely on beach litter data and seldom include plastic pollution further inland. We initiated a citizen science project known as the Mass Experiment inviting schools throughout The Danish Realm (Denmark, Greenland and the Faeroe Islands) to collect litter samples of and document plastic pollution in 8 different nature types. In total approximately 57,000 students (6–19 years) collected 374,082 plastic items in 94 out of 98 Danish municipalities over three weeks during fall 2019. The Mass Experiment was the first scientific survey of plastic litter to cover an entire country. Here we show how citizen science, conducted by students, can be used to fill important knowledge gaps in plastic pollution research, increase public awareness, establish large scale clean-up activities and subsequently provide information to political decision-makers aiming for a more sustainable future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristian Syberg
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark.
| | - Annemette Palmqvist
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Farhan R Khan
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Jakob Strand
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jes Vollertsen
- Department of Civil Engineering, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | | | - Louise Feld
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Nanna B Hartmann
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Nikoline Oturai
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Søren Møller
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Torkel Gissel Nielsen
- Technical University of Denmark, National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Yvonne Shashoua
- Environmental Archaeology and Materials Science, National Museum of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Steffen Foss Hansen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Mayoma BS, Sørensen C, Shashoua Y, Khan FR. Microplastics in beach sediments and cockles (Anadara antiquata) along the Tanzanian coastline. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2020; 105:513-521. [PMID: 32979081 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-020-02991-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about the prevalence of microplastics (MPs) in East Africa. In the present study, sediments were sampled at 18 sites along the Tanzanian coast that exhibit different levels of anthropogenic activity and were extracted using floatation methodology. Cockles (Anadara antiquata) were collected only from eight sites and MPs were extracted following NaOH digestion. MPs were most abundant at Mtoni Kijichi Creek (MKC, 2972 ± 238 particles kg-1 dry sediment), an industrial port in Dar es Salaam, and significantly higher than all other sites where the abundance range was 15-214 particles kg-1 dry sediment (p < 0.05, one-way ANOVA). Fragments and fibers were found at all sites. Polypropylene and polyethylene were identified polymers. MPs were found in cockles from all sampled sites with both frequencies of occurrence and MPs per individual subject to site-specific variation. This study provides a baseline of MP data in a previously uninvestigated area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bahati S Mayoma
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Technology, University of Dar Es Salaam, P.O. Box 35064, Dar es salaam, Tanzania.
| | - Christina Sørensen
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, NO-0349, Oslo, Norway
| | - Yvonne Shashoua
- Environmental Archaeology and Materials Science, National Museum of Denmark, IC Modewegsvej Brede, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Farhan R Khan
- Blinderen Research Group, Rasmus Winderens Vei 4, NO-0373, Oslo, Norway.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Khan FR. Prevalence, Fate and Effects of Plastic in Freshwater Environments: New Findings and Next Steps. Toxics 2020; 8:toxics8030072. [PMID: 32957657 PMCID: PMC7560360 DOI: 10.3390/toxics8030072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Farhan R Khan
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Universitetsvej 1, PO Box 260, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Siddiqui HK, Khan FR, Sadiq A, Hashmi U, Qaiser Z. Predictors of the severity of oral submucous fibrosis among gutka consumers: a regression analysis. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2020; 59:690-694. [PMID: 34078553 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2020.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is an insidious chronic disease of the oral mucosa that is characterised by severely limited mouth opening, blanching of the oral mucosa, and a burning sensation in the oral cavity. Consumption of betel nut and/or gutka are the known risk factors. We undertook this study to correlate the frequency and duration of gutka intake with the severity of OSMF and to determine the predictors of severe OSMF (mouth opening <20mm). A cross sectional study was conducted on 300 participants (who were known gutka chewers) selected at the Baqai Dental College and Fatima Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan. Participants' medical and dental histories were recorded. Informed consent was obtained, and clinical oral examination was done. Information regarding the extent of mouth opening, chewing habits, frequency and duration of gutka intake, the site of placing gutka, duration of chewing, and whether they swallowed or spat out the gutka were collected. A standardised questionnaire was used to document the findings. Binary logistic regression was applied using the severity of OSMF (mouth opening <20mm) as an outcome variable. Out of 300 participants, 172 (57.3%) were males; mean (SD) age of the sample was 38.2 (12.3) years. A total of 156 (52%) participants had the habit of chewing gutka, of which 213 (71%) had clinical stage I OSMF, 75 (25%) had stage II, and 12 (4%) had stage III. As per functional staging, 18 (6%) subjects had mouth opening <20mm. Nearly 144 (48%) participants were consuming other forms of tobacco in addition to the gutka. Patients with palpable bands = 232 (77.3%), ulcerative lesions = 212 (70.7%), altered taste sensation = 210 (70%) and altered hunger = 252 (85.7%) were common findings. The duration of gutka intake was found to be positively correlated with the severity of OSMF; however; its frequency was not. Among intraoral findings, the presence of red and white lesions inside the mouth was the most significant predictor of the severity of OSMF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H K Siddiqui
- Dental Section, Department of Surgery, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan.
| | - F R Khan
- Dental Section, Department of Surgery, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - A Sadiq
- Dental Section, Department of Surgery, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - U Hashmi
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, Baqai Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Z Qaiser
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, Baqai Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Halle LL, Palmqvist A, Kampmann K, Khan FR. Ecotoxicology of micronized tire rubber: Past, present and future considerations. Sci Total Environ 2020; 706:135694. [PMID: 31785900 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Micronized tire rubber has recently come into focus as black particles that are found in microplastic (MP) samples worldwide. These particles have been found in all environmental compartments with the most likely source being the abrasion of car tires on road surfaces. Thus, it is well founded that tires are a source of MPs and that tire abrasion is a primary source of anthropogenic particulates. Currently, the impact of tires has been viewed through the lens of particulate pollution together with MPs, but this is a relatively new direction for this topic. Previously ecotoxicological research into the environmental consequences of tires has primarily been related to the leached chemicals from tire particulates. This paper aims to (i) highlight similarities and differences of micronized rubber particles with the existing suite of polymer contaminants termed as 'microplastics' or 'plastic debris', (ii) survey the existing literature on environmental presence, fate, and interaction of micronized rubber particles with biota, and lastly (iii) present future research needs that require consideration in order to move this research area forward. Existing knowledge gaps that require attention include; determining the environmental presence and fate of micronized rubber within different environmental compartments, understanding the interaction of rubber particles with biota, particularly as potential impacts have so far been attributed solely to the leachate, and evaluating whether standard ecotoxicological protocols need to be adapted for particulate contaminants in general and specifically to suit rubber particulates and leachate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Louise L Halle
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Universitetsvej 1, PO Box 260, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark; Dansk Miljøanalyse (Danish Environmental Analysis), Skelstedet 5, Trørød, Denmark.
| | - Annemette Palmqvist
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Universitetsvej 1, PO Box 260, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
| | - Kristoffer Kampmann
- Dansk Miljøanalyse (Danish Environmental Analysis), Skelstedet 5, Trørød, Denmark.
| | - Farhan R Khan
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Universitetsvej 1, PO Box 260, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Mayoma BS, Mjumira IS, Efudala A, Syberg K, Khan FR. Collection of Anthropogenic Litter from the Shores of Lake Malawi: Characterization of Plastic Debris and the Implications of Public Involvement in the African Great Lakes. Toxics 2019; 7:toxics7040064. [PMID: 31847078 PMCID: PMC6958316 DOI: 10.3390/toxics7040064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Anthropogenic debris is an environmental problem that affects beaches and coastlines worldwide. The abundance of beach debris is often documented with the use of public volunteers. To date, such community participations have been largely confined to the marine environment, but the presence and impact of anthropogenic debris on freshwater shorelines has been increasingly recognized. Our study presents the first such information from the African Great Lakes, specifically Lake Malawi. A total of 490,064 items of anthropogenic litter were collected by over 2000 volunteers in a clean-up campaign that took place annually between 2015 and 2018. Approximately 80% of the anthropogenic debris was comprised of plastic litter, with plastic carrier bags being the most common item. The dominance of plastic litter, and in particular the presence of plastic bags, which have subjected to bans in some African countries, is discussed. The broader implications of citizen science in the African Great Lakes area is also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bahati S. Mayoma
- Department of Biology, University of Dodoma, Dodoma PO Box 338, 255, Tanzania
- Correspondence:
| | - Innocent S. Mjumira
- Beach and Underwater Cleanup Malawi, Lumbadzi PO Box 174, 265, Malawi; (I.S.M.); (A.E.)
| | - Aubrery Efudala
- Beach and Underwater Cleanup Malawi, Lumbadzi PO Box 174, 265, Malawi; (I.S.M.); (A.E.)
| | - Kristian Syberg
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Universitetsvej 1, PO Box 260, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark; (K.S.); (F.R.K.)
| | - Farhan R. Khan
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Universitetsvej 1, PO Box 260, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark; (K.S.); (F.R.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Khan FR, Halle LL, Palmqvist A. Acute and long-term toxicity of micronized car tire wear particles to Hyalella azteca. Aquat Toxicol 2019; 213:105216. [PMID: 31185428 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Ecotoxicological studies relating to tire wear particles (TWP) have focussed, up until very recently, almost entirely on the released leachate. Little is known about the toxicology effects of TWP dispersed in freshwater. In the present small-scale study we exposed Hyallela azteca to TWP dispersed in water with the aim of (i) determining the potential acute and chronic impacts of TWP exposure (ii) challenging the prevailing idea that tire leachate is the primary causative agent of tire-related toxicity. H. azteca were shown to indescriminately ingest TWP with a gut retention time of 24-48 h. Acute (48 h) TWP exposure followed an expected concentration-response curve from which an LC50 of 3426 ± 172 particles mL-1 was determined, but leachate exposure did not conform to a sigmoidal concentration-response pattern and therefore an LC50 was not derivable. However, toxicity profiles of TWP and leachate appeared to be sufficiently different as to suggest a dissimilar mechanism of toxicity. Mortality, reproductive output (neonate production) and net growth were all significantly impacted at the higher exposure concentrations (500-2000 particles mL-1) following 21 days exposure. Our study demonstrates that TWP exposure elicits short-term and longer-term toxicity on a key freshwater organism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farhan R Khan
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Universitetsvej 1, PO Box 260, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark.
| | - Louise Lynn Halle
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Universitetsvej 1, PO Box 260, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Annemette Palmqvist
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Universitetsvej 1, PO Box 260, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Magara G, Khan FR, Pinti M, Syberg K, Inzirillo A, Elia AC. Effects of combined exposures of fluoranthene and polyethylene or polyhydroxybutyrate microplastics on oxidative stress biomarkers in the blue mussel ( Mytilus edulis). J Toxicol Environ Health A 2019; 82:616-625. [PMID: 31232673 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2019.1633451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
A growing interest in developing and commercialization of new eco-friendly plastic polymers is occurring attributed to the impact of marine plastics debris and microplastics that result from the degradation of oil-based polymers as these substances adversely affect ecosystem health. Recently, polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) has become of interest due to its biodegradability and physicochemical properties. However, biological consequences resulting from bioplastics exposure remain to be determined. Further, few data are apparently available regarding the potential for bioplastics to act as a vector for exogenous chemicals in the environment. The aim of the study was to compare the effects of polyethylene (PE MPs) and polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB MPs) microplastics administered alone or in combination with fluoranthene (Flu) on detoxifying enzymes in digestive glands and gills of Mytilus edulis. Blue mussels were exposed for 96h to eight experimental groups: control, Flu-only, PE MPs-only, PHB MPs-only, PE MPs-Flu co-exposure, PHB MPs-Flu co-exposure, Flu-incubated PE MPs, and Flu-incubated PHB MPs. Activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidases (GPx), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and glutathione reductase (GR) were found to be significantly susceptible to Flu and plastics in both tissues. Interestingly, a single exposure to PHB MPs led to decreased activity levels of CAT and GST in gills, SOD in digestive glands and SeGPx in both tissues. In co-exposure and incubation treatments, biochemical responses were generally comparable with those exerted by PE MPs or PHB MPs only, suggesting an apparent absence of combined effects of microplastics with the pollutant. Data demonstrated the ecotoxicological impact of bioplastics materials on digestive glands and gills of Mytilus edulis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Magara
- a Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia , Perugia , Italy
| | - Farhan R Khan
- b Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University , Roskilde , Denmark
| | - Marika Pinti
- a Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia , Perugia , Italy
| | - Kristian Syberg
- b Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University , Roskilde , Denmark
| | - Angelo Inzirillo
- a Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia , Perugia , Italy
| | - Antonia Concetta Elia
- a Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia , Perugia , Italy
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Velez JFM, Shashoua Y, Syberg K, Khan FR. Considerations on the use of equilibrium models for the characterisation of HOC-microplastic interactions in vector studies. Chemosphere 2018; 210:359-365. [PMID: 30007190 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The association of hydrophobic organic contaminants (HOCs) to microplastics (MPs) in the aquatic environment and the possible perturbation of how biota and HOCs interact (i.e. 'MP vector effect') is a much researched topic in the emergent field of aquatic MP pollution. Consensus on whether the vector-effect is relevant can in part be ascertained using laboratory experimentation. Such studies, of which there are now many examples, have as a mandatory component a characterisation of the HOC-MP interaction. However, important considerations must be made when planning and executing such laboratory experiments, and subsequently when choosing equilibria models to fit sorption curves, as it is necessary to recognize that simplified conceptual models (i.e. Freundlich or Langmuir models) do not fit all HOC-MP interactions under all circumstances. The sorption equilibrium of HOCs to most plastic particles occurs as a combination of surface adsorption in the crystalline regions of the polymer (typically characterized by Langmuir models) and internal partition into amorphous regions (modelled with Freundlich relations), but this is rarely recognized. In this discussion we highlight some considerations needed when both characterizing the interactions between MPs and HOCs and improving the environmental realism of vector studies through the use of, for instance, weathered particles, adequate time for HOC-MP equilibria to be reached and working at lower concentrations. Increasing environmental realism of vector studies corresponds to a greater complexity in the equilibria model, but ultimately allows better understanding of any potential HOC-MP vector effect in nature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge F M Velez
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Universitetsvej 1, PO Box 260, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Yvonne Shashoua
- Environmental Archaeology and Materials Science, National Museum of Denmark, IC Modewegsvej Brede, DK- 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Kristian Syberg
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Universitetsvej 1, PO Box 260, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Farhan R Khan
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Universitetsvej 1, PO Box 260, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Blettler MCM, Abrial E, Khan FR, Sivri N, Espinola LA. Freshwater plastic pollution: Recognizing research biases and identifying knowledge gaps. Water Res 2018; 143:416-424. [PMID: 29986250 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The overwhelming majority of research conducted to date on plastic pollution (all size fractions) has focused on marine ecosystems. In comparison, only a few studies provide evidence for the presence of plastic debris in freshwater environments. However, owing to the numerous differences between freshwater studies (including studied species and habitats, geographical locations, social and economic contexts, the type of data obtained and also the broad range of purposes), they show only fragments of the overall picture of freshwater plastic pollution. This highlights the lack of a holistic vision and evidences several knowledge gaps and data biases. Through a bibliometric analysis we identified such knowledge gaps, inconsistencies and survey trends of plastic pollution research within freshwater ecosystems. We conclude that there is a continued need to increase the field-data bases about plastics (all size fractions) in freshwater environments. This is particularly important to estimate river plastic emissions to the world's oceans. Accordingly, data about macroplastics from most polluted and larger rivers are very scarce, although macroplastics represent a huge input in terms of plastics weight. In addition, submerged macroplastics may play an important role in transporting mismanaged plastic waste, however almost no studies exist. Although many of the most plastic polluted rivers are in Asia, only 14% of the reviewed studies were carried out in this continent (even though the major inland fisheries of the world are located in Asia's rivers). The potential damage caused by macroplastics on a wide range of freshwater fauna is as yet undetermined, even though negative impacts have been well documented in similar marine species. We also noted a clear supremacy of microplastic studies over macroplastic ones, even though there is no reason to assume that freshwater ecosystems remain unaffected by macro-debris. Finally, we recommend focusing monitoring efforts in most polluted rivers worldwide, but particularly in countries with rapid economic development and poor waste management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martín C M Blettler
- Instituto Nacional de Limnología (INALI; CONICET-UNL), Ciudad Universitaria (3000), Santa Fe, Argentina.
| | - Elie Abrial
- Instituto Nacional de Limnología (INALI; CONICET-UNL), Ciudad Universitaria (3000), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Farhan R Khan
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Universitetsvej 1, PO Box 260, DK-4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Nuket Sivri
- Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa, Engineering Faculty, Department of Environmental Engineering, Istanbul, 34320, Turkey
| | - Luis A Espinola
- Instituto Nacional de Limnología (INALI; CONICET-UNL), Ciudad Universitaria (3000), Santa Fe, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Affiliation(s)
- Farhan R Khan
- Department of Science and Environment , Roskilde University , Universitetsvej 1 , PO Box 260, 4000 Roskilde , Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Magara G, Elia AC, Syberg K, Khan FR. Single contaminant and combined exposures of polyethylene microplastics and fluoranthene: accumulation and oxidative stress response in the blue mussel, Mytilus edulis. J Toxicol Environ Health A 2018; 81:761-773. [PMID: 29969377 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2018.1488639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 06/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The microplastic "vector effect" has received increasing attention. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of polyethylene microplastic beads (PE MP) on accumulation and associated oxidative stress responses attributed to fluoranthene (Flu) in blue mussels, Mytilus edulis. Blue mussels were exposed for 96 h to four treatment groups: Flu-only, MP-only, Flu and MP coexposure, and Flu-incubated MP. Treatments were conducted at a low and high concentration (50 μg/L and 100 Flu μg/L and 100, and 1000 MP/mL). Results demonstrated that in both the gill and digestive gland, coexposure did not markedly affect Flu uptake, but this treatment significantly decreased tissue Flu concentrations. Antioxidant responses including activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidases (GPx), and levels of total glutathione (GSH) in both gills and digestive glands were significantly altered suggesting a perturbation of redox state induced by the exposure conditions. Although individual biomarkers varied, the biomarker profile enabled certain generalizations to be made. Antioxidant responses occurred more likely in gill tissue than in digestive gland. Individual contaminant exposures to Flu or MP led to varying responses, but coexposures and incubated exposures did not result in additive or synergistic effects. Exposure concentrations (i.e., low or high treatments) were not a consistent a predictor of response; and the internal Flu dose did not consistently predict outcome of various biomarkers. Importantly, MP-only exposure appeared to be capable of eliciting direct effects on the oxidative stress system as demonstrated by the activities of CAT and GPx. These findings warrant further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Magara
- a Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology , University of Perugia , Perugia , Italy
| | - Antonia Concetta Elia
- a Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology , University of Perugia , Perugia , Italy
| | - Kristian Syberg
- b Department of Science and Environment , Roskilde University , Roskilde , Denmark
| | - Farhan R Khan
- b Department of Science and Environment , Roskilde University , Roskilde , Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Adnan S, Lone MM, Khan FR, Hussain SM, Nagi SE. Which is the most recommended medium for the storage and transport of avulsed teeth? A systematic review. Dent Traumatol 2018; 34:59-70. [PMID: 29292570 DOI: 10.1111/edt.12382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS A wide variety of materials has been researched for their use as potential storage media for avulsed teeth, but it is essential to recognize the medium most recommended for improvement of the prognosis of avulsed teeth. The aim of this systematic review was to identify the most recommended medium to store and transport avulsed teeth based on the survival of periodontal ligament (PDL) cells as determined by in vitro studies. METHODS Only laboratory-based experimental studies on PDL cells found on adult permanent teeth were included. Data were collected using PubMed, CINAHL plus (EBSCO host), and the Cochrane Library, along with Google Scholar and a hand search. The key terms employed were permutations of [avulsed permanent teeth* OR dental avulsion* OR knocked out teeth*] AND [storage media* OR transport media* OR biological transport* OR PDL cell viability* OR PDL cell survival*]. A customized data extraction pro forma was used to extract the data and to evaluate the quality and risk of bias. RESULTS The initial search yielded 978 articles, but only 67 were selected. Milk was the most recommended individual medium followed by Hank's balanced salt solution. Among natural products other than milk, propolis and coconut water were most frequently recommended. Recommendations were based on maintenance of PDL cell viability followed by ease of availability, low cost, and long shelf life. CONCLUSIONS Natural products are more effective in maintaining the PDL cell viability compared to synthetic products. Some storage media recommendations were also based upon practical aspects. Although natural products other than milk have more recommendations as a group, milk is the most recommended storage medium individually, based not only on PDL cell viability, but also practical considerations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samira Adnan
- Operative Dentistry, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Maham M Lone
- Operative Dentistry, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Farhan R Khan
- Operative Dentistry, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Syeda M Hussain
- Operative Dentistry, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Sana E Nagi
- Operative Dentistry, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Khan FR, Boyle D, Chang E, Bury NR. Do polyethylene microplastic beads alter the intestinal uptake of Ag in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)? Analysis of the MP vector effect using in vitro gut sacs. Environ Pollut 2017; 231:200-206. [PMID: 28802989 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Microplastic (MP) vector effects have been well described in the literature but surprisingly little is in known about the impact of MPs on the intestinal uptake of contaminants. The present study aimed to determine whether the intestinal fate of Ag was affected by the presence of polyethylene MP beads. Ag (added as 110mAg) was introduced into the lumen of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) anterior/mid-intestine gut sac preparations as Ag only, Ag and MPs (co-exposure) and Ag-incubated MPs (where Ag was adsorbed to the MP). Results show that after 3 h exposure the distribution of accumulated Ag between the four intestinal compartments (mucus layer, mucosal epithelium, muscle layer and serosal saline) was not affected by either MP condition when compared to Ag alone (p > 0.05, One way ANOVA). Across all treatment groups mucus layer binding dominated (54.2-72.6%) whereas relatively little Ag was transported to the blood compartment (i.e. combined muscle layer and serosal saline compartments, 8.5-15.0%). Accompanying adsorption/desorption studies were performed in relevant media. Over 24 h, 60.6± 2.9% of the available Ag in artificial freshwater adhered to the surface of the PE MPs. In pH adjusted luminal fluids (pH 2.2, 4.1, 7.4 and 9.8) that span the range of conditions encountered within the rainbow trout digestive tract, there was almost complete dissociation at acidic pHs within 3 h (<2% remaining on MPs at both pH 2.2 and pH 4.1). Such pHs are typical of piscine stomach. Based on our finding we suggest that following the ingestion of MPs with adsorbed pollutants, desorption would occur prior to entering the site of uptake. The MPs themselves have no impact on the trans-epithelial transport of the contaminant, but the net result of the MP vector effect is to potentially introduce labile contaminant forms into the intestine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farhan R Khan
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Universitetsvej 1, PO Box 260, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
| | - David Boyle
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, Plymouth University, Plymouth PL4 8AA, United Kingdom
| | - Elisabeth Chang
- Nutritional Sciences Division, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Nicolas R Bury
- Nutritional Sciences Division, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom; Faculty of Science, Health and Technology, University of Suffolk, James Hehir Building, Neptune Quay, Ipswich IP4 1QJ, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Khan FR, Syberg K, Palmqvist A. Are Standardized Test Guidelines Adequate for Assessing Waterborne Particulate Contaminants? Environ Sci Technol 2017; 51:1948-1950. [PMID: 28177624 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b06456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Farhan R Khan
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University , Universitetsvej 1, PO Box 260, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Kristian Syberg
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University , Universitetsvej 1, PO Box 260, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Annemette Palmqvist
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University , Universitetsvej 1, PO Box 260, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Naji A, Esmaili Z, Khan FR. Plastic debris and microplastics along the beaches of the Strait of Hormuz, Persian Gulf. Mar Pollut Bull 2017; 114:1057-1062. [PMID: 27894723 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Currently little is known about the prevalence of plastics and microplastics (MPs) in the Persian Gulf. Five sampling stations were selected along the Strait of Hormuz (Iran) that exhibited different levels of industrialization and urbanization, and included a marine protected area. Debris was observed and sediments were collected for MPs extraction via fluidization/floatation methodology. The order of MP abundance (par/kg) generally reflected the level of anthropogenic activity: Bostanu (1258±291)>Gorsozan (122±23)>Khor-e-Yekshabeh (26±6)>Suru (14±4)>Khor-e-Azini (2±1). Across all sites fibers dominated (83%, 11% film, 6% fragments). FT-IR analysis showed polyethylene (PE), nylon, and PET (polyethylene terephthalate) were the commonly recovered polymers. Likely sources include beach debris, discarded fishing gear, and urban and industrial outflows that contain fibers from clothes. This study provides a 'snapshot' of MP pollution and longitudinal studies are required to fully understand plastic contamination in the region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abolfazl Naji
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, Hormozgan University, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
| | - Zinat Esmaili
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, Hormozgan University, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Farhan R Khan
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Universitetsvej 1, PO Box 260, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark..
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Syberg K, Nielsen A, Khan FR, Banta GT, Palmqvist A, Jepsen PM. Microplastic potentiates triclosan toxicity to the marine copepod Acartia tonsa (Dana). J Toxicol Environ Health A 2017; 80:1369-1371. [PMID: 29131715 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2017.1385046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MP) are contaminants of environmental concern partly due to plastics ability to sorb and transport hydrophobic organic contaminants (HOC). The importance of this "vector effect" is currently being debated in the scientific community. This debate largely ignores that the co-exposures of MP and HOC are mixtures of hazardous agents, which can be addressed from a mixture toxicity perspective. In this study, mixture effects of polyethylene microbeads (MP) and triclosan (TCS) (a commonly used antibacterial agent in cosmetics) were assessed on the marine copepod Acartia tonsa. Data indicated that MP potentiate the toxicity of TCS, illustrating the importance of understanding the mixture interaction between plastics and HOC when addressing the environmental importance of the vector effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristian Syberg
- a Department of Science and Environment , Roskilde University , Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Anne Nielsen
- a Department of Science and Environment , Roskilde University , Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Farhan R Khan
- a Department of Science and Environment , Roskilde University , Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Gary T Banta
- a Department of Science and Environment , Roskilde University , Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Annemette Palmqvist
- a Department of Science and Environment , Roskilde University , Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Per M Jepsen
- a Department of Science and Environment , Roskilde University , Roskilde, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D is a micronutrient important for bone growth and immune function. Deficiency can lead to rickets and has been linked to various infections, including respiratory infections. The evidence on the effects of supplementation on infections in children has not been assessed systematically. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the role of vitamin D supplementation in preventing pneumonia, tuberculosis (TB), diarrhoea, and malaria in children under five years of age. This includes high-, middle-, and low-income countries. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Infectious Diseases Group Specialized Register, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS, the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP; http://www.who.int/ictrp/en/) , ClinicalTrials.gov and the ISRCTN registry (http://www.isrctn.com/) up to 16 June 2016. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluated preventive supplementation of vitamin D (versus placebo or no intervention) in children under five years of age. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently screened the titles and abstracts, extracted the data, and assessed the risk of bias of included trials. MAIN RESULTS Four trials met the inclusion criteria, with a total of 3198 children under five years of age, and were conducted in Afghanistan, Spain, and the USA. Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency varied widely in these populations (range: 73.1% in Afghanistan, 10 to 12% in USA, and 6.2% in Spain). The included trials evaluated mortality (two trials), pneumonia incidence (two trials), diarrhoea incidence (two trials), hospitalization (two trials), and mean serum vitamin D concentrations (four trials).We do not know whether vitamin D supplementation impacts on all-cause mortality because this outcome was underpowered due to few events (risk ratio (RR) 1.43, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.54 to 3.74; one trial, 3046 participants, low quality evidence).For pneumonia, episodes of 'radiologically confirmed' first or only episode of pneumonia were little different in the supplemented and unsupplemented group (Rate Ratio: 1.06, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.89 to 1.26; two trials, 3134 participants, moderate quality evidence), and similarly for children with confirmed or unconfirmed pneumonia (RR 0.95, 95% CI 0.87 to 1.04; one trial, 3046 participants). In these two trials there were no obvious differences between supplemented and unsupplemented children regarding episodes of diarrhoea.In the single large trial from Afghanistan, the trial authors reported that vitamin D supplementation was associated with an increase in repeat episodes of pneumonia confirmed by chest radiograph (RR 1.69, 95% CI 1.28 to 2.21; one trial, 3046 participants), but not reflected in the outcome of confirmed or unconfirmed pneumonia (RR 1.06, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.13; one trial, 3046 participants).For hospital admission measured in one small trial, there was no difference detected (RR 0.86, 95% CI 0.20 to 3.62; one trial, 88 participants; very low quality evidence).The mean serum vitamin D concentrations were higher in supplemented compared to unsupplemented children at the end of supplementation (MD 7.72 ng/mL, 95% CI 0.50 to 14.93; four trials, 266 participants, low quality evidence). These results were driven primarily by two smaller trials with large magnitudes of effect. In the other two bigger trials, serum vitamin D concentrations were elevated in the intervention group for most of the trial duration but not at the end of supplementation. This may be due to time elapsed at measurement from the last dose, incomplete compliance, or increased need of vitamin D with infant age.We did not find any trial that reported on the incidence of TB, malaria or febrile illness, duration of pneumonia, duration of diarrhoea, severity of infection, and cause-specific mortality (due to TB, diarrhoea, or malaria). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Evidence from one large trial did not demonstrate benefit of vitamin D supplementation on the incidence of pneumonia or diarrhoea in children under five years. To our knowledge, trials that evaluated supplementation for preventing other infections, including TB and malaria, have not been performed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Y Yakoob
- Harvard School of Public HealthDepartments of Epidemiology and Nutrition677 Huntington AvenueBostonMAUSA02115
| | - Rehana A Salam
- Aga Khan University HospitalDivision of Women and Child HealthStadium RoadPO Box 3500KarachiSindPakistan74800
| | - Farhan R Khan
- Aga Khan University HospitalDepartment of SurgeryStadium RoadPO Box 3500KarachiSindhPakistan74800
| | - Zulfiqar A Bhutta
- Hospital for Sick ChildrenCenter for Global Child HealthTorontoONCanadaM5G A04
| | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Awrahman ZA, Rainbow PS, Smith BD, Khan FR, Fialkowski W. Caddisflies Hydropsyche spp. as biomonitors of trace metal bioavailability thresholds causing disturbance in freshwater stream benthic communities. Environ Pollut 2016; 216:793-805. [PMID: 27357485 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.06.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Demonstration of an ecotoxicological effect of raised toxic metal bioavailabilities on benthic macroinvertebrate communities in contaminated freshwater streams typically requires the labour-intensive identification and quantification of such communities before the application of multivariate statistical analysis. A simpler approach is the use of accumulated trace metal concentrations in a metal-resistant biomonitor to define thresholds that indicate the presence of raised trace metal bioavailabilities causing ecotoxicological responses in populations of more metal-sensitive members of the community. We explore further the hypothesis that concentrations of toxic metals in larvae of species of the caddisfly genus Hydropsyche can be used to predict metal-driven ecotoxicological responses in more metal-sensitive mayflies, especially ephemerellid and heptageniid mayflies, in metal-contaminated rivers. Comparative investigation of two caddisflies, Hydropsyche siltalai and Hydropsyche angustipennis, from metal-contaminated rivers in Cornwall and Upper Silesia, Poland respectively, has provided preliminary evidence that this hypothesis is applicable across caddisfly species and contaminated river systems. Use of a combined toxic unit approach, relying on independent data sets, suggested that copper and probably also arsenic are the drivers of mayfly ecotoxicity in the River Hayle and the Red River in Cornwall, while cadmium, lead and zinc are the toxic agents in the Biala Przemsza River in Poland. This approach has great potential as a simple tool to detect the more subtle effects of mixed trace metal contamination in freshwater systems. An informed choice of suitable biomonitor extends the principle to different freshwater habitats over different ranges of severity of trace metal contamination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zmnako A Awrahman
- Kurdistan Institution for Strategic Studies and Scientific Research, Qirga, Sulaimani, 46001, Iraq; University of Human Development, Qirga, Sulaimani, 46001, Iraq; Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, 30-387, Poland.
| | - Philip S Rainbow
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, United Kingdom.
| | - Brian D Smith
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, United Kingdom.
| | - Farhan R Khan
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, United Kingdom; Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Universitetsvej 1, PO Box 260, DK-4000, Roskilde, Denmark.
| | - Wojciech Fialkowski
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, 30-387, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Naji A, Khan FR, Hashemi SH. Potential human health risk assessment of trace metals via the consumption of marine fish in Persian Gulf. Mar Pollut Bull 2016; 109:667-671. [PMID: 27193506 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2016] [Revised: 04/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study was carried out to evaluate the concentration of trace metals (Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn) in the muscle of four fish species from the Persian Gulf. Trace metals were analyzed using atomic absorption spectroscopy and consumption rates advisory for minimizing chronic systemic effects in children and adults were estimated. The metals concentrations in analyzed fish samples were lower than legal limits. Cadmium target hazard quotient values suggested that the threshold to avoid the potential risk for children health is an exposure level lower than 3 meals per week. Hazard index values based on four metals (not including Pb) for the child age class were higher than those of the adult age class, suggesting that children may suffer from a higher health risk. This study provides information about the consumption limits of certain metals, in particular Cd, necessary for minimizing potential health risks resulting from human consumption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abolfazl Naji
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, Hormozgan University, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
| | - Farhan R Khan
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Khan FR, Ahmad T, Hussain R, Bhutta ZA. Vitamin D status and periodontal disease among pregnant and non-pregnant women in an underdeveloped district of Pakistan. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2016; 6:234-9. [PMID: 27382540 PMCID: PMC4916798 DOI: 10.4103/2231-0762.183111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To compare pregnant and non-pregnant females for vitamin D level and periodontal status and to determine if there is any association between the periodontal health and hypovitaminosis D in pregnant women. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Jhelum, Pakistan. Participants were pregnant females at ~ 12 weeks of gestation (n = 36) and non-pregnant (n = 35) females selected from the same locality. Periodontal parameters such as probing depth, bleeding on probing, and attachment loss were recorded. Serum samples were taken to measure blood indices and vitamin D levels. Chi-square test and Odds ratio were applied to determine the association between hypovitaminosis D and periodontal status. Results: Vitamin D deficiency was common in the pregnant group compared to non-pregnant (P < 0.001). Blood indices (hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume) were significantly lower among the pregnant compared to the non-pregnant group (P < 0.001). However, there was no significant difference between the two groups for probing depth and attachment loss. Conclusions: Pregnant women were more deficient in Vitamin D than non-pregnant women. However, no association between low vitamin D levels and periodontal disease was seen in the studied population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farhan R Khan
- Department of Dentistry, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Sind, Pakistan
| | - Tashfeen Ahmad
- Department of Surgery, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Sind, Pakistan
| | - Rabia Hussain
- Department of Pathology, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Sind, Pakistan
| | - Zulfiqar A Bhutta
- Department of Women and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Sind, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Khan FR, Syberg K, Shashoua Y, Bury NR. Influence of polyethylene microplastic beads on the uptake and localization of silver in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Environ Pollut 2015; 206:73-79. [PMID: 26142753 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2015.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2015] [Revised: 05/31/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine whether the uptake and localization of Ag in zebrafish was affected by the presence of polyethylene microplastic beads (PE MPBs). Zebrafish were exposed to 1 μg Ag L(-1) (radiolabelled with (110m)Ag) for 4 and 24 h in the presence or absence of PE MPBs (10, 100 or 1000 MPBs mL(-1)), and one treatment in which MPBs (1000 MPBs mL(-1)) were incubated with Ag to promote adsorption. The presence of MPBs, at any of the tested doses, had no effect on the uptake or localization of Ag. However, exposure to the Ag-incubated MPBs (∽75% of the Ag bound to MPBs) significantly reduced Ag uptake at both time points and also significantly increased the proportion of intestinal Ag. This study demonstrates that microplastics can alter the bioavailability and uptake route of a metal contaminant in a model fish species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farhan R Khan
- Department of Environmental, Social and Spatial Change (ENSPAC), Roskilde University, Universitetsvej 1, PO Box 260, DK-4000, Roskilde, Denmark.
| | - Kristian Syberg
- Department of Environmental, Social and Spatial Change (ENSPAC), Roskilde University, Universitetsvej 1, PO Box 260, DK-4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Yvonne Shashoua
- Department of Conservation, National Museum of Denmark, Brede, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Nicolas R Bury
- Nutritional Sciences Division, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Syberg K, Khan FR, Selck H, Palmqvist A, Banta GT, Daley J, Sano L, Duhaime MB. Microplastics: addressing ecological risk through lessons learned. Environ Toxicol Chem 2015; 34:945-953. [PMID: 25655822 DOI: 10.1002/etc.2914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Revised: 10/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Plastic litter is an environmental problem of great concern. Despite the magnitude of the plastic pollution in our water bodies, only limited scientific understanding is available about the risk to the environment, particularly for microplastics. The apparent magnitude of the problem calls for quickly developing sound scientific guidance on the ecological risks of microplastics. The authors suggest that future research into microplastics risks should be guided by lessons learned from the more advanced and better understood areas of (eco) toxicology of engineered nanoparticles and mixture toxicity. Relevant examples of advances in these two fields are provided to help accelerate the scientific learning curve within the relatively unexplored area of microplastics risk assessment. Finally, the authors advocate an expansion of the "vector effect" hypothesis with regard to microplastics risk to help focus research of microplastics environmental risk at different levels of biological and environmental organization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristian Syberg
- Department of Environmental, Social and Spatial Change, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|