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Stefano VC, Loiola SH, Dos Santos BM, Soares FA, Rosa SL, Suzuki CT, Bresciani KD, Sabadini E, Falcão AX, Gomes JF. Effects of hypertonic solutions on two species of human intestinal parasites during fecal examination. Future Microbiol 2023; 18:197-203. [PMID: 36916423 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2022-0055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: Ova and parasite examination by flotation requires hypertonic solutions, which can damage the egg and cyst membranes, leading to false negatives. The authors investigated the harmful effects of ZnSO4 and C12H22O11 solutions on the ova and parasite examination. Materials & methods: The authors processed samples using the Three Fecal Test technique. Aliquots were floated in different pH levels, temperatures and solution densities. Results: Densities above 1.12 g/ml led structures to collapse after 6-10 min. pH neutralization of the ZnSO4 solution did not prevent the parasites from changing. Conclusion: All structures were altered when standard methods were performed. To delay collapse, the parasite floating under 5 °C is highly desirable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitória C Stefano
- Laboratory of Image Data Science, Institute of Computing, University of Campinas, 573, IC-3,5, Saturnino de Brito St., Room 364, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-852, Brazil
| | - Saulo Hn Loiola
- Laboratory of Image Data Science, Institute of Computing, University of Campinas, 573, IC-3,5, Saturnino de Brito St., Room 364, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-852, Brazil.,School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, 126, Tessália Vieira de Camargo St., Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-887, Brazil
| | - Bianca M Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Image Data Science, Institute of Computing, University of Campinas, 573, IC-3,5, Saturnino de Brito St., Room 364, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-852, Brazil.,School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, 126, Tessália Vieira de Camargo St., Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-887, Brazil
| | - Felipe A Soares
- Laboratory of Image Data Science, Institute of Computing, University of Campinas, 573, IC-3,5, Saturnino de Brito St., Room 364, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-852, Brazil.,School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, 126, Tessália Vieira de Camargo St., Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-887, Brazil
| | - Stefany L Rosa
- Laboratory of Image Data Science, Institute of Computing, University of Campinas, 573, IC-3,5, Saturnino de Brito St., Room 364, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-852, Brazil.,School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, 126, Tessália Vieira de Camargo St., Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-887, Brazil
| | - Celso Tn Suzuki
- Laboratory of Image Data Science, Institute of Computing, University of Campinas, 573, IC-3,5, Saturnino de Brito St., Room 364, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-852, Brazil
| | - Katia Ds Bresciani
- Laboratory of Image Data Science, Institute of Computing, University of Campinas, 573, IC-3,5, Saturnino de Brito St., Room 364, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-852, Brazil.,School of Veterinary Medicine, São Paulo State University, Araçatuba, 793, Clóvis Pestana St., Araçatuba, São Paulo, 16050-680, Brazil
| | - Edvaldo Sabadini
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, 126, Josué de Castro St., Campinas, São Paulo,13083-861, Brazil
| | - Alexandre X Falcão
- Laboratory of Image Data Science, Institute of Computing, University of Campinas, 573, IC-3,5, Saturnino de Brito St., Room 364, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-852, Brazil
| | - Jancarlo F Gomes
- Laboratory of Image Data Science, Institute of Computing, University of Campinas, 573, IC-3,5, Saturnino de Brito St., Room 364, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-852, Brazil.,School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, 126, Tessália Vieira de Camargo St., Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-887, Brazil
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Logullo AF, Rocha RM, Stiepcich M, Soares FA, Pasini FS, Nonogaki S, Brentani MM. Abstract P2-07-08: Prognostic relevance of claudins 4 and 7 in invasive breast carcinoma (NOS) subtypes: A large tissue microarray study. Cancer Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs17-p2-07-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Molecular phenotyping has improved the understanding of a wide range of breast cancer disease. Recently, a new molecular subtype denominated “claudin-low” (CL) was described in breast cancer and correlated to worse prognosis and to CD44+/24- stem cell profile. Among 19 known claudin proteins, isotypes 4 (CL4) and 7 (CL7) are the most common in the breast biology. Objective: To verify differences in CL4 and CL7 immunoexpression between Luminal A, HER-2, and triple negative breast cancer phenotypes; and their association to CD44/24 status and tumor prognosis. Design: Estrogen and progesterone receptor status (ER/PR), HER-2, CL4 and CL7 expression and CD44/24 profiles were evaluated in 803 invasive ductal breast carcinomas arranged into four tissue microarrays (TMA) and results were correlated with prognosis and important clinical data. Results: 503 (62.6%) cases were positive for CL4 and 369 (46.0%) cases for CL7. The majority (199/283, 70.3%) of CL4 negative cases were clustered in the luminal A subtype whereas 63 (22.3%) showed triple negative profile and the remaining 21 cases (7.4%) exhibited positive HER-2 expression (p<0.001). Claudin 7 negative samples (44.2%) tended to follow the same pattern. CL4 positive expression was significantly associated to HER-2 expression, presence of lymph nodes and increased tumor grades and inversely correlated to ER and PR expression. However, there was no association between CL7 expression and any of these features. Both CL4 and CL7 did not show correlation to the stem cell markers (CD44+/CD24-) or worse prognosis (survival and disease-free interval). Conclusion: Claudins 4 and 7 immunoexpression did not provide additional prognostic information within breast cancer subtypes.
Citation Format: Logullo AF, Rocha RM, Stiepcich M, Soares FA, Pasini FS, Nonogaki S, Brentani MM. Prognostic relevance of claudins 4 and 7 in invasive breast carcinoma (NOS) subtypes: A large tissue microarray study [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2017 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2017 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-07-08.
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Affiliation(s)
- AF Logullo
- Escola Paulista de Medicina UNIFESP- EPM, Sao Paulo, Brazil; A.C.Camargo Cancer Center, Sao Paulo, Brazil; PhD Patologia Cirúrgica e Molecular, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Laboratório Fleury, Sao Paulo, Brazil; 2Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia (LIM24)FMUSP, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - RM Rocha
- Escola Paulista de Medicina UNIFESP- EPM, Sao Paulo, Brazil; A.C.Camargo Cancer Center, Sao Paulo, Brazil; PhD Patologia Cirúrgica e Molecular, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Laboratório Fleury, Sao Paulo, Brazil; 2Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia (LIM24)FMUSP, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - M Stiepcich
- Escola Paulista de Medicina UNIFESP- EPM, Sao Paulo, Brazil; A.C.Camargo Cancer Center, Sao Paulo, Brazil; PhD Patologia Cirúrgica e Molecular, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Laboratório Fleury, Sao Paulo, Brazil; 2Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia (LIM24)FMUSP, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - FA Soares
- Escola Paulista de Medicina UNIFESP- EPM, Sao Paulo, Brazil; A.C.Camargo Cancer Center, Sao Paulo, Brazil; PhD Patologia Cirúrgica e Molecular, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Laboratório Fleury, Sao Paulo, Brazil; 2Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia (LIM24)FMUSP, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - FS Pasini
- Escola Paulista de Medicina UNIFESP- EPM, Sao Paulo, Brazil; A.C.Camargo Cancer Center, Sao Paulo, Brazil; PhD Patologia Cirúrgica e Molecular, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Laboratório Fleury, Sao Paulo, Brazil; 2Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia (LIM24)FMUSP, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - S Nonogaki
- Escola Paulista de Medicina UNIFESP- EPM, Sao Paulo, Brazil; A.C.Camargo Cancer Center, Sao Paulo, Brazil; PhD Patologia Cirúrgica e Molecular, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Laboratório Fleury, Sao Paulo, Brazil; 2Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia (LIM24)FMUSP, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - MM Brentani
- Escola Paulista de Medicina UNIFESP- EPM, Sao Paulo, Brazil; A.C.Camargo Cancer Center, Sao Paulo, Brazil; PhD Patologia Cirúrgica e Molecular, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Laboratório Fleury, Sao Paulo, Brazil; 2Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia (LIM24)FMUSP, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Duarte GM, Almeida NR, Tocchet F, Espinola J, Pinto T, Barreto CT, Pinto GA, Soares FA, Marshall P, Paiva GR. Abstract P3-17-05: Claudin-4 expression is associated with disease free survival in breast carcinoma in situ: Mean follow up of 8.2 years. Cancer Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs16-p3-17-05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction: Claudins are tight junction molecules that have been associated with breast cancer prognosis. The claudin-low intrinsic subtype of invasive carcinoma was recently described and associated with high grade carcinoma, low junction molecules expression and worse response to chemotherapy. However, it is not known whether the expression of claudins may provide clues as to carcinoma in situ prognosis. The aim of study was evaluate the association between claudin–4 expression and disease-free survival and histologic type of local recurrence in carcinoma in situ after longer follow up.
Methods: A tissue microarray (TMA) block was constructed from 137 pure carcinoma in situ paraffin blocks sampled from patients treated from 1999 to 2009. The TMA was submitted to immunohistochemical staining for claudin-4. A claudin-4 score calculated based on percentage and intensity of expression, categorized samples as: claudin-4-low or claudin–4-high. Clinical data, treatment data, local recurrence data and survival of each patient were reanalyzed from medical records. Kaplan-Meier curves, log-rank and Wilcoxon tests were used to analyze disease-free survival; qui-square and Fisher test were employed to compare others variables; a significance level of 5 % was used.
Results: Claudin-4 expression was evaluated in 86 samples, 88.4% were claudin-4-high and 11.6% claudin-4-low. Mean follow up was 8.2 years ( and local recurrence rate was 10.5 %. There was significant difference in the disease-free survival between claudin-4-high and claudin-4-low (4.9 x 1.9 respectively, p= 0.02); however there was no difference between both in histologic type of recurrence, invasive or in situ (p=0.44).
Conclusion: In our samples, claudin-4-high expression in carcinoma in situ was more frequent than low expression. Our data showed that claudin-4-low expression had a worse prognosis in carcinomas in situ (inferior disease-free survival) but it was similar to claudin-4-high in histologic type of local recurrence.
Citation Format: Duarte GM, Almeida NR, Tocchet F, Espinola J, Pinto T, Barreto CT, Pinto GA, Soares FA, Marshall P, Paiva GR. Claudin-4 expression is associated with disease free survival in breast carcinoma in situ: Mean follow up of 8.2 years [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2016 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2016 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-17-05.
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Affiliation(s)
- GM Duarte
- State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil; AC Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - NR Almeida
- State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil; AC Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - F Tocchet
- State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil; AC Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - J Espinola
- State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil; AC Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - T Pinto
- State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil; AC Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - CT Barreto
- State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil; AC Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - GA Pinto
- State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil; AC Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - FA Soares
- State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil; AC Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - P Marshall
- State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil; AC Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - GR Paiva
- State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil; AC Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Batista FA, Ward LS, Marcello MA, Martins MB, Peres KC, Torricelli C, Bufalo NE, Soares FA, da Silva MJ, Assumpção LVM. Gene expression of thyroid-specific transcription factors may help diagnose thyroid lesions but are not determinants of tumor progression. J Endocrinol Invest 2016; 39:423-9. [PMID: 26370671 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-015-0386-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The role of thyroid-specific transcription factors in thyroid malignancy is still poorly understood, so we investigate thyroid-specific transcription factors gene expression both in benign and in malignant thyroid nodules, aiming to study a possible clinical utility of these molecules. METHODS We quantified TTF-1, FOXE1 and PAX8 mRNA levels, relating their expression to diagnostic and prognostic features of thyroid tumors. RNA was extracted from 4 normal thyroid tissues, 101 malignant [99 papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTC) and 2 anaplastic thyroid carcinomas] and 99 benign thyroid lesion tissues [49 goiter and 50 follicular adenomas (FA)]. RESULTS Levels of mRNA of both FOXE1 (P < 0.0001) and PAX8 (P < 0.0001) genes, but not TTF-1 (P = 0.7056), were higher in benign than in malignant thyroid lesions. FOXE1 was able to identify malignant nodules with 75.8 % sensitivity, 76.1 % specificity, 75.8 % positive predictive value, 76.1 % negative predictive value and 75.9 % accuracy. PAX8 was able to identify malignancy with 60.6 % sensitivity, 81.1 % specificity, 76.9 % positive predictive value, 66.4 % negative predictive value and 70.6 % accuracy. Both FOXE1 and PAX8 gene expression patterns were also able to differentiate FA from the follicular variant of PTC-FVPTC. However, the investigated gene expression was neither associated with any clinical feature of tumor aggressiveness nor associated with recurrence or survival. CONCLUSIONS We suggest that FOXE1 and PAX8 gene expression patterns may help to diagnose thyroid nodules, identifying malignancy and characterizing follicular-patterned thyroid lesions, but are not determinants of thyroid tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- F A Batista
- Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences (FCM), School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Rua Tessalia Vieira de Camargo, 126, Cidade Universitaria Zeferino Vaz, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-887, Brazil.
| | - L S Ward
- Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences (FCM), School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Rua Tessalia Vieira de Camargo, 126, Cidade Universitaria Zeferino Vaz, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-887, Brazil
| | - M A Marcello
- Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences (FCM), School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Rua Tessalia Vieira de Camargo, 126, Cidade Universitaria Zeferino Vaz, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-887, Brazil
| | - M B Martins
- Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences (FCM), School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Rua Tessalia Vieira de Camargo, 126, Cidade Universitaria Zeferino Vaz, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-887, Brazil
| | - K C Peres
- Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences (FCM), School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Rua Tessalia Vieira de Camargo, 126, Cidade Universitaria Zeferino Vaz, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-887, Brazil
| | - C Torricelli
- Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences (FCM), School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Rua Tessalia Vieira de Camargo, 126, Cidade Universitaria Zeferino Vaz, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-887, Brazil
| | - N E Bufalo
- Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences (FCM), School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Rua Tessalia Vieira de Camargo, 126, Cidade Universitaria Zeferino Vaz, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-887, Brazil
| | - F A Soares
- Department of Pathology, AC Camargo Hospital - Antonio Prudente Foundation, Rua Professor Antônio Prudente, 211, Liberdade, São Paulo, São Paulo, 01509-010, Brazil
| | - M J da Silva
- Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering Center (CBMEG), University of Campinas (Unicamp), Avenida Cândido Rondon, Cidade Universitaria Zeferino Vaz, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-875, Brazil
| | - L V M Assumpção
- Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences (FCM), School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Rua Tessalia Vieira de Camargo, 126, Cidade Universitaria Zeferino Vaz, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-887, Brazil
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Kaminagakura E, Caris A, Coutinho-Camillo C, Soares FA, Takahama-Júnior A, Kowalski LP. Protein expression of CYP1A1, CYP1B1, ALDH1A1, and ALDH2 in young patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2016; 45:706-12. [PMID: 26944893 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2016.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the expression of the enzymes involved in the biotransformation of tobacco and alcohol. A study group of 41 young patients (≤40 years old) with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) was compared to 59 control subjects (≥50 years old) with tumours of similar clinical stages and topographies. The immunohistochemical expression of CYP1A1, CYP1B1, ALDH1A1, and ALDH2 was evaluated using the tissue microarray technique. There was a predominance of males, smokers, and alcohol drinkers in both groups. Most tumours were located in the tongue (43.9% vs. 50.8%), were well-differentiated (63.4% vs. 56.6%), and were in clinical stages III or IV (80.5% vs. 78.0%). No difference was observed in the expression of CYP1A1, ALDH1A1, or ALDH2 between the two groups. CYP1A1 and ALDH2 protein expression had no influence on the prognosis. The immunoexpression of CYP1B1 was significantly higher in the control group than in the young group (P<0.001). The 5-year relapse-free survival was better in patients with CYP1B1 overexpression vs. protein underexpression (64% vs. 25%; P<0.05), regardless of age. ALDH1A1 expression improved relapse-free survival in young patients. These results suggest a lower risk of recurrence with increased metabolism of carcinogens by CYP1B1. Further studies involving other genes and proteins are necessary to complement the results of this research.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Kaminagakura
- Department of Bioscience and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Julio de Mesquita Filho" - UNESP, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - A Caris
- Biopathology Program, Institute of Science and Technology, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Julio de Mesquita Filho" - UNESP, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - C Coutinho-Camillo
- International Research Centre, A.C. Camargo Cancer Centre, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Pathology, A.C. Camargo Cancer Centre, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - F A Soares
- Department of Pathology, A.C. Camargo Cancer Centre, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A Takahama-Júnior
- Department of Specific Formation, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Nova Friburgo, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - L P Kowalski
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery and Otorhinolaryngology, A.C. Camargo Cancer Centre, São Paulo, Brazil
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Sá VKD, Rocha TP, Moreira A, Soares FA, Takagaki T, Carvalho L, Nicholson AG, Capelozzi VL. Hyaluronidases and hyaluronan synthases expression is inversely correlated with malignancy in lung/bronchial pre-neoplastic and neoplastic lesions, affecting prognosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 48:1039-47. [PMID: 26352698 PMCID: PMC4671531 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20154693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We collected a series of 136 lung/bronchial and 56 matched lung parenchyma tissue
samples from patients who underwent lung/bronchial biopsies and presented invasive
carcinoma after lung surgery. The lung/bronchial samples included basal cell
hyperplasia, squamous metaplasia, moderate dysplasia, adenomatous hyperplasia, severe
dysplasia, squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. Matched lung parenchyma tissue
samples included 25 squamous cell carcinomas and 31 adenocarcinomas.
Immunohistochemistry was performed to analyze for the distribution of hyaluronidase
(Hyal)-1 and −3, and hyaluronan synthases (HAS)-1, −2, and −3. Hyal-1 showed
significantly higher expression in basal cell hyperplasia than in moderate dysplasia
(P=0.01), atypical adenomatous hyperplasia (P=0.0001), or severe dysplasia (P=0.03).
Lower expression of Hyal-3 was found in atypical adenomatous hyperplasia than in
basal cell hyperplasia (P=0.01) or moderate dysplasia (P=0.02). HAS-2 was
significantly higher in severe dysplasia (P=0.002) and in squamous metaplasia
(P=0.04) compared with basal cell hyperplasia. HAS-3 was significantly expressed in
basal cell hyperplasia compared with atypical adenomatous hyperplasia (P=0.05) and
severe dysplasia (P=0.02). Lower expression of HAS-3 was found in severe dysplasia
compared with squamous metaplasia (P=0.01) and moderate dysplasia (P=0.01).
Epithelial Hyal-1 and −3 and HAS-1, −2, and −3 expressions were significantly higher
in pre-neoplastic lesions than in neoplastic lesions. Comparative Cox multivariate
analysis controlled by N stage and histologic tumor type showed that patients with
high HAS-3 expression in pre-neoplastic cells obtained by lung/bronchial biopsy
presented a significantly higher risk of death (HR=1.19; P=0.04). We concluded that
localization of Hyal and HAS in lung/bronchial pre-neoplastic and neoplastic lesions
was inversely related to malignancy, which implied that visualizing these factors
could be a useful diagnostic procedure for suspected lung cancer. Finalizing this
conclusion will require a wider study in a randomized and prospective trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- V K de Sá
- Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - T P Rocha
- Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Al Moreira
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - F A Soares
- Departamento de Anatomia Patológica, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - T Takagaki
- Instituto do Coração, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - L Carvalho
- Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - A G Nicholson
- NHS Foundation Trust, National Heart and Lung Division, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - V L Capelozzi
- Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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Costa YF, Tjioe KC, Nonogaki S, Soares FA, Lauris JRP, Oliveira DT. Are podoplanin and ezrin involved in the invasion process of the ameloblastomas? Eur J Histochem 2015; 59:2451. [PMID: 25820557 PMCID: PMC4378211 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2015.2451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The association between podoplanin and ezrin in the process of odontogenic tumors invasion has been suggested, but was not studied yet. Our purpose was to investigate the relationship between podoplanin and ezrin expressions in the odontogenic epithelium of ameloblastomas. Forty-seven ameloblastomas were analyzed by immunohistochemistry using anti-podoplanin and anti-ezrin antibodies. The expressions of both proteins were evaluated using a score method and the comparison and association between these proteins were verified, respectively, by Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test and by Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient, using a statistical significance level of 0.05. The majority of tumors (87.2%) exhibited strong membranous expression of podoplanin in the peripheral cells. Cytoplasmic expression of ezrin in the peripheral cells of ameloblastomas was stronger than its membranous expression. No statistically significant correlation was observed between podoplanin and ezrin. However, there was statistically significant difference between membranous podoplanin and membranous ezrin expressions, between cytoplasmic podoplanin and membranous ezrin expressions, and between cytoplasmic podoplanin and cytoplasmic ezrin expressions. There was no statistical difference between membranous podoplanin and cytoplasmic ezrin expressions. These results suggest a synergistic role of both proteins in the process of invasion of ameloblastomas.
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Bines J, Dienstmann R, Obadia RM, Branco LGP, Quintella DC, Castro TM, Camacho PG, Soares FA, Costa MEF. Activity of megestrol acetate in postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer after nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitor failure: a phase II trial. Ann Oncol 2014; 25:831-836. [PMID: 24615412 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdu015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As novel treatments carry substantial price tags and are mostly cost-prohibitive in low- and middle-income countries, there is an urgent need to develop alternatives, such as off-patent drugs. Megestrol acetate (MA) has a longstanding history in the treatment of breast cancer, but recently it is being used less often due to the advent of newer agents. PATIENTS AND METHODS This two-stage phase II trial evaluated the antitumor activity and toxicity of MA in postmenopausal women with hormone-sensitive advanced breast cancer who had experienced disease progression on a third-generation nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitor (NSAI). Eligible patients had metastatic breast cancer treated with a NSAI with at least 6-month progression-free survival (PFS), or relapse after ≥1 year on adjuvant NSAI. Patients received MA at a single daily oral dose of 160 mg. Primary end point was clinical benefit rate (CBR). RESULTS Forty-eight patients were enrolled. The CBR was 40% [95% confidence interval (CI) 25% to 55%], and the median duration of clinical benefit was 10.0 (95% CI 8.0-14.2) months. The median PFS was 3.9 (95% CI 3.0-4.8) months. The most common grade 3 adverse events were anemia (2%), dyspnea (2%), fatigue (2%), musculoskeletal pain (4%), deep vein thrombosis (10%), and weight gain (2%). CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to prospectively evaluate the efficacy and safety of MA in postmenopausal women with hormone-sensitive disease progressing on a NSAI. MA has demonstrated activity and acceptable tolerability in this setting, and therefore remains a reasonable treatment option in a cost-sensitive environment. These results also provide the background for further evaluation of progestins in the treatment of breast cancer. CLINICAL TRIALS local trial number, related to the approval by the IRB: CEP 108/06.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Bines
- Department of Medical Oncology, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - R Dienstmann
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Sage Bionetworks, Seattle, USA
| | - R M Obadia
- Department of Clinical Research, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro
| | - L G P Branco
- Department of Medical Oncology, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - D C Quintella
- Department of Clinical Research, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro
| | - T M Castro
- Department of Clinical Research, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro
| | - P G Camacho
- Neonathology Unit, Hospital Federal de Bonsucesso, Rio de Janeiro
| | - F A Soares
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo; Faculty of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo
| | - M E F Costa
- Department of Radiology, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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10
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Gonzalez-Kristeller DC, Gutiyama LM, Campos AH, Soares FA, Brentani H, Malnic B. Odorant receptor genes are expressed in olfactory neuroblastoma. Genet Mol Res 2013; 12:3479-87. [PMID: 24065686 DOI: 10.4238/2013.september.10.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Olfactory neuroblastoma (ONB) is a malignant tumor found in the human nasal cavity. These tumors are rare and poorly characterized at the molecular level. In this study, we asked whether olfactory-specific genes are expressed in ONBs by using reverse-transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. We found that the olfactory marker protein and the RIC-8B genes, which are specifically expressed in mature olfactory neurons, are expressed in ONBs. Importantly, we also found that ONBs express a large variety of odorant receptor genes, representative of different odorant receptor gene subfamilies. Our results show that the ONBs express genes that are normally expressed in mature olfactory neurons and indicate that they are derived from progenitor or immature cells in the olfactory epithelium and not from a clonal expansion of a single or few mature olfactory neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- D C Gonzalez-Kristeller
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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11
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Matos AR, Coutinho-Camillo CM, Thuler LCS, Fonseca FP, Soares FA, Silva EA, Gimba ER. Expression analysis of thrombospondin 2 in prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia. Exp Mol Pathol 2013; 94:438-44. [PMID: 23470460 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2013.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2012] [Revised: 02/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/22/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Thrombospondin 2 (TSP2) is a protein with important roles in different tumor types, mainly related to tumor inhibition. However, there are limiting data regarding TSP2 in prostate cancer (PCa) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). We aimed to investigate TSP2 transcript and protein expression in tumoral and non-tumoral prostate tissues and cell lines, and its implications for PCa diagnosis and progression. TSP2 transcript expression was evaluated by real time PCR in PCa and BPH tissue samples and in tumoral and non-tumoral cell lines. TSP2 protein expression analysis was conducted by immunohistochemistry in a tissue microarray (TMA) containing PCa and BPH tissue samples. TSP2 transcript was down-regulated in PCa tissue samples and cell lines, when compared to BPH and non-tumoral samples (P<0.01). Receiver Operating Curve (ROC) analysis demonstrated that TSP2 transcript levels can better distinguish PCa from BPH tissue samples (P<0.01) than serum PSA levels (P=0.299). TSP2 protein expression has been observed in the cytoplasm of both PCa and BPH epithelial and stromal compartments. TSP2 stromal staining scores were significantly lower in PCa than in BPH tissues (P<0.01), while similar TSP2 epithelial staining patterns were observed in both diseases. Notably, the TSP2 epithelial staining score was significantly correlated to vascular invasion and biochemical recurrence in PCa tissue samples (P<0.05). Our data indicate that TSP2 is down-regulated at PCa tissues and cell lines, especially at stroma compartment, which could be related to PCa progression. TSP2 levels could potentially be applied for differential PCa and BPH diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Matos
- Programa de Carcinogênese Molecular/Programa de Pós Graduação Stricto Sensu em Oncologia do Instituto Nacional de Câncer, CPQ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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12
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de Sá VK, Carvalho L, Gomes A, Alarcão A, Silva MR, Couceiro P, Sousa V, Soares FA, Capelozzi VL. Role of the extracellular matrix in variations of invasive pathways in lung cancers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 46:21-31. [PMID: 23314337 PMCID: PMC3854345 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20122263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2012] [Accepted: 09/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Among the most common features of highly invasive tumors, such as lung adenocarcinomas (AD) and squamous cell carcinomas (SqCC), is the massive degradation of the extracellular matrix. The remarkable qualitative and quantitative modifications of hyaluronidases (HAases), hyaluronan synthases (HAS), E-cadherin adhesion molecules, and the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) may favor invasion, cellular motility, and proliferation. We examined HAase proteins (Hyal), HAS, E-cadherin, and TGF-β profiles in lung AD subtypes and SqCC obtained from smokers and non-smokers. Fifty-six patients, median age 64 years, who underwent lobectomy for AD (N = 31) and SqCC (N = 25) were included in the study. HAS-1, -2 and -3, and Hyal-1 and -3 were significantly more expressed by tumor cells than normal and stroma cells (P < 0.01). When stratified according to histologic types, HAS-3 and Hyal-1 immunoreactivity was significantly increased in tumor cells of AD (P = 0.01) and stroma of SqCC (P = 0.002), respectively. Tobacco history in patients with AD was significantly associated with increased HAS-3 immunoreactivity in tumor cells (P < 0.01). Stroma cells of SqCC from non-smokers presented a significant association with HAS-3 (P < 0.01). Hyal, HAS, E-cadherin, and TGF-β modulate a different tumor-induced invasive pathway in lung AD subgroups and SqCC. HAases in resected AD and SqCC were strongly related to the prognosis. Therefore, our findings suggest that strategies aimed at preventing high HAS-3 and Hyal-1 synthesis, or local responses to low TGF-β and E-cadherin, may have a greater impact in lung cancer prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- V K de Sá
- Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
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13
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Millen EC, Mattar A, Logullo AF, Nonogaki S, Soares FA, Gebrim LH. Abstract P2-05-17: Correlation between cyclin D1, estrogen and progesterone receptors in invasive breast cancer after short-term treatment with tamoxifen or anastrozole. Cancer Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs12-p2-05-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Hormone therapy is associated with reduced breast cancer mortality. The use of biomarkers that are predictive of early cellular responses has been explored as a predictor of hormone resistance. Estrogen and progesterone receptor positivity and cyclin D1 have been associated with resistance to treatment with tamoxifen.
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate the variations in the levels of cyclin D1 and the estrogen and progesterone receptors (ER and PR, respectively) in postmenopausal patients with ER− or PR-positive breast cancer after short-term treatment (26 days) with tamoxifen, anastrozole or a placebo.
METHODS: This was a prospective, randomized double-blind study conducted in 71 patients with infiltrating ductal carcinoma (stages II and III) receiving care at either Pérola Byington Hospital or São Paulo Hospital (São Paulo, Brazil). The patients were divided into three groups based on their treatment during the preoperative period (26 days): P (placebo, N = 26), T (tamoxifen, 20 mg/day, N = 22) and A (anastrozole, 1 mg/day, N = 23). The biopsies were performed at diagnosis and after mastectomy (26th day), and the tumors were isolated by tissue microarray. Immunohistochemistry was performed using anti-cyclin D1 (Novocastra DCS-6), anti-ER (Dako-M7047) and anti-PR (Dako-M3569) antibodies. The semiquantitative analyses were performed using Allred criteria, and the statistical analyses were performed with the ANOVA parametric test (p ≤ 0.05).
RESULTS: A reduction in the mean PR level from 4.22 (pre-treatment) to 1.94 (post-treatment) was observed only in patients treated with anastrozole (p = 0.01). A positive linear correlation between cyclin D1 and PR levels was observed in group A (p = 0.0001), whereas group T exhibited a negative correlation (p = 0.0001). No correlation was observed in group P (p = 0.35).
CONCLUSION: PR and cyclin D1 are likely predictive of an early response to aromatase inhibitors in breast cancer.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-05-17.
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Affiliation(s)
- EC Millen
- Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil; Perola Byington Hospital, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil; Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP; Arnaldo Vieira de Carvalho, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - A Mattar
- Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil; Perola Byington Hospital, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil; Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP; Arnaldo Vieira de Carvalho, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - AF Logullo
- Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil; Perola Byington Hospital, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil; Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP; Arnaldo Vieira de Carvalho, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - S Nonogaki
- Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil; Perola Byington Hospital, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil; Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP; Arnaldo Vieira de Carvalho, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - FA Soares
- Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil; Perola Byington Hospital, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil; Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP; Arnaldo Vieira de Carvalho, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - LH Gebrim
- Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil; Perola Byington Hospital, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil; Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP; Arnaldo Vieira de Carvalho, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
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14
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Silva SD, Nonogaki S, Soares FA, Kowalski LP. p16 (INK4a) has clinicopathological and prognostic impact on oropharynx and larynx squamous cell carcinoma. Braz J Med Biol Res 2012; 45:1327-33. [PMID: 22948376 PMCID: PMC3854204 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2012007500140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2011] [Accepted: 08/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
CDKN2A encodes proteins such as p16 (INK4a), which negatively regulate the cell-cycle. Molecular genetic studies have revealed that deletions in CDKN2A occur frequently in cancer. Although p16 (INK4a) may be involved in tumor progression, the clinical impact and prognostic implications in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) are controversial. The objective of this study was to evaluate the frequency of the immunohistochemical expression of p16 (INK4a) in 40 oropharynx and 35 larynx from HNSCC patients treated in a single institution and followed-up at least for 10 years in order to explore potential associations with clinicopathological outcomes and prognostic implications. Forty cases (53.3%) were positive for p16 (INK4a) and this expression was more intense in non-smoking patients (P = 0.050), whose tumors showed negative vascular embolization (P = 0.018), negative lymphatic permeation (P = 0.002), and clear surgical margins (P = 0.050). Importantly, on the basis of negative p16 (INK4a) expression, it was possible to predict a probability of lower survival (P = 0.055) as well as tumors presenting lymph node metastasis (P = 0.050) and capsular rupture (P = 0.0010). Furthermore, increased risk of recurrence was observed in tumors presenting capsular rupture (P = 0.0083). Taken together, the alteration in p16 (INK4a) appears to be a common event in patients with oropharynx and larynx squamous cell carcinoma and the negative expression of this protein correlated with poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D Silva
- Departamento de Cirurgia de Cabeça e Pescoço e Otorrinolaringologia, Hospital A.C. Camargo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
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15
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Bernardi MA, Logullo AF, Pasini FS, Nonogaki S, Soares FA, do SMM, Brentani MM. P5-11-16: CD44 and CD24 Expression in Ductal Invasive Breast Carcinomas, Classified by Molecular Subtypes and Its Association with Prognostic Factors. Cancer Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs11-p5-11-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Backgound: Breast carcinomas (BC) exhibit intra tumoral heterogeneity being stratified into several subgroups based in gene expression profiles or histochemical biomarkers. It was suggested that this heterogeneity is derived in part from the transformation of different subsets of cancer stem cells (CSC) in each intrinsic subgroup. The presence of CSC can be evidenced by phenotypic analysis of CD44 e CD24. This study aimed to identify the CD24 and CD44 immunophenotypes within invasive ductal breast carcinoma (IDC) subgroups defined by immunohistochesmistry markers and determine its influence on prognosis as well as its association with the expression of Ki67, citokeratins (CK5 and CK18) and claudin-7. Methods: Immuno expression of CD44 and CD24 alone or in combination was investigated in 95 IDC cases arranged in a tissue microarray (TMA). The association with subgroups defined as luminal A and B;HER2 rich and triple negative, or with the other markers and prognosis was analyzed. Results: CD44+/CD24- and CD44-/CD24+ were respectively present in 8.4% and 16.8% of the tumors, a lack of both proteins was detected in 6.3%, while CD44+/CD24+ was determined in 45.3% of the tumors. Although there was no significant correlation between subgroups and different phenotypes, the CD44+/CD24-phenotype was more common in the basal subgroups but absent in HER2 tumors, whereas luminal tumors are enriched in CD44-/CD24+ and CD44+/CD24+ cells. The frequency of CD44+/CD24- or CD44-/CD24+ have not been associated with clinical characteristics or biological markers. There was also no significant association of these phenotypes with the event free (DFS) and overall survival (OS). Single CD44+ was evident in 57.9% and was marginally associated to grading and not to any other tumor characteristics, while CD24+ was positive in 74.7% of the tumors, showing a significant association with ER, PR and Ki67 and a marginal association with CK18 and claudin-7. Expression of claudin-7 and Ki67 did not associate with the cancer subgroups, while a positive association between CK18 and the luminal subgroups was found (p=0.03). CD44+ was not significantly associated with OS and DFS whereas CD24+ frequency although not significantly associated with OS was associated with a decrease in DFS (p=0.07). CK5, CK18 and Ki67 expression had no influence in OS or DFS, claudin-7 positive was associated with reduced DFS (p=0.05). Conclusions: There was no significant correlation between CD44+/CD24- tumor cells frequency and event-free or OS. However, a tendency toward a favorable prognosis, was noted. Contrariwise the presence of CD44-/CD24+ suggested a worse prognosis. Both single CD24 and claudin-7 positivity were associated with reduced time of reccurence, suggesting a contribution of these markers to aggressiveness. Supported by FAPESP and CNPq.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-11-16.
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Affiliation(s)
- MA Bernardi
- 1Hospital AC Camargo, São Paulo, Brazil; Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Hospital A.C. Camargo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - AF Logullo
- 1Hospital AC Camargo, São Paulo, Brazil; Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Hospital A.C. Camargo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - FS Pasini
- 1Hospital AC Camargo, São Paulo, Brazil; Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Hospital A.C. Camargo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - S Nonogaki
- 1Hospital AC Camargo, São Paulo, Brazil; Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Hospital A.C. Camargo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - FA Soares
- 1Hospital AC Camargo, São Paulo, Brazil; Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Hospital A.C. Camargo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Socorro Maciel M do
- 1Hospital AC Camargo, São Paulo, Brazil; Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Hospital A.C. Camargo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - MM Brentani
- 1Hospital AC Camargo, São Paulo, Brazil; Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Hospital A.C. Camargo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Maschietto M, Trapé AP, Piccoli FS, Ricca TI, Dias AAM, Coudry RA, Galante PA, Torres C, Fahhan L, Lourenço S, Grundy PE, de Camargo B, de Souza S, Neves EJ, Soares FA, Brentani H, Carraro DM. Temporal blastemal cell gene expression analysis in the kidney reveals new Wnt and related signaling pathway genes to be essential for Wilms' tumor onset. Cell Death Dis 2011; 2:e224. [PMID: 22048167 PMCID: PMC3223691 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2011.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Wilms' tumors (WTs) originate from metanephric blastema cells that are unable to complete differentiation, resulting in triphasic tumors composed of epithelial, stromal and blastemal cells, with the latter harboring molecular characteristics similar to those of the earliest kidney development stages. Precise regulation of Wnt and related signaling pathways has been shown to be crucial for correct kidney differentiation. In this study, the gene expression profile of Wnt and related pathways was assessed in laser-microdissected blastemal cells in WTs and differentiated kidneys, in human and in four temporal kidney differentiation stages (i.e. E15.5, E17.5, P1.5 and P7.5) in mice, using an orthologous cDNA microarray platform. A signaling pathway-based gene signature was shared between cells of WT and of earliest kidney differentiation stages, revealing genes involved in the interruption of blastemal cell differentiation in WT. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR showed high robustness of the microarray data demonstrating 75 and 56% agreement in the initial and independent sample sets, respectively. The protein expression of CRABP2, IGF2, GRK7, TESK1, HDGF, WNT5B, FZD2 and TIMP3 was characterized in WTs and in a panel of human fetal kidneys displaying remarkable aspects of differentiation, which was recapitulated in the tumor. Taken together, this study reveals new genes candidate for triggering WT onset and for therapeutic treatment targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Maschietto
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biology, CIPE-AC Camargo Hospital, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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17
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18
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Bernardi MA, Logullo AF, Pasini FS, Nonogaki S, Blumke C, Soares FA, Brentani MM. Prognostic significance of CD24 and claudin-7 immunoexpression in ductal invasive breast cancer. Oncol Rep 2011; 27:28-38. [PMID: 21956537 DOI: 10.3892/or.2011.1477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2011] [Accepted: 08/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to identify the CD24 and CD44 immunophenotypes within invasive ductal breast carcinoma (IDC) subgroups defined by immunohistochesmistry markers and to determine its influence on prognosis as well as its association with the expression of Ki-67, cytokeratins (CK5 and CK18) and claudin-7. Immunohistochemical expression of CD44 and CD24 alone or in combination was investigated in 95 IDC cases arranged in a tissue microarray (TMA). The association with subgroups defined as luminal A and B; HER2 rich and triple negative, or with the other markers and prognosis was analyzed. CD44+/CD24- and CD44-/CD24+ were respectively present in 8.4% and 16.8% of the tumors, a lack of both proteins was detected in 6.3%, while CD44+/CD24+ was observed in 45.3% of the tumors. Although there was no significant correlation between subgroups and different phenotypes, the CD44+/CD24- phenotype was more common in the basal subgroups but absent in HER2 tumors, whereas luminal tumors are enriched in CD44-/CD24+ and CD44+/CD24+ cells. The frequency of CD44+/CD24- or CD44-/CD24+ was not associated with clinical characteristics or biological markers. There was also no significant association of these phenotypes with the event free (DFS) and overall survival (OS). Single CD44+ was evident in 57.9% of the tumors and was marginally associated to grading and not to any other tumor characteristics as well as OS and DFS. CD24+ was positive in 74.7% of the tumors, showing a significant association with estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and Ki-67 and a marginal association with CK18 and claudin-7. Expression of claudin-7 and Ki-67 did not associate with the cancer subgroups, while a positive association between CK18 and the luminal subgroups was found (P=0.03). CK5, CK18 and Ki-67 expression had no influence in OS or DFS. Single CD24+ (P=0.07) and claudin-7 positivity (P=0.05) were associated with reduced time of recurrence, suggesting a contribution of these markers to aggressiveness of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Bernardi
- Mastology Department, A.C. Camargo Hospital, and Pathology Department, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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19
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Tilli TM, Thuler LC, Matos AR, Coutinho-Camillo CM, Soares FA, da Silva EA, Neves AF, Goulart LR, Gimba ER. Expression analysis of osteopontin mRNA splice variants in prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia. Exp Mol Pathol 2011; 92:13-9. [PMID: 21963599 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2011.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2011] [Accepted: 09/13/2011] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Osteopontin splicing isoforms (OPN-SI) present differential expression patterns and specific tumor roles. Our aims were to characterize OPN-SI expression in prostate cancer (PCa) and benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) tissues, besides evaluating their potential as biomarkers for PCa diagnosis and prognostic implications. Prostatic tissue specimens were obtained from 40 PCa and 30 benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) patients. Quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to measure OPN-SI mRNA expression. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed using an anti-OPNc polyclonal antibody. Biostatistical analyses evaluated the association of OPN-SI and total Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) serum levels with clinical and pathological data. PCa tissue samples presented significantly higher levels of OPNa, OPNb and OPNc transcripts (p<0.01) than in BPH specimens. OPN-SI mRNA expression were positively correlated with Gleason Score (p<0.01). ROC curves and logistic regression analyses demonstrated that OPN-SI and PSA were able to distinguish PCa from BPH patients (p<0.01). The OPNc isoform was the most upregulated variant and the best marker to distinguish patients' groups, presenting sensitivity and specificity of 90% and 100%, respectively. Immunohistochemistry analysis also demonstrated OPNc upregulation in PCa samples as compared to BPH tissues. OPNcprotein was also strongly stained PCa tissues presenting High Gleason Score. Multivariate analysis indicated that OPNc expression levels above the cut-off value presented a chance 4-fold higher for PCa occurrence. We conclude that OPN-SI were overexpressed in PCa tissues, strongly associated with PCa occurrence and with tumor cell differentiation. Our results suggest OPNc splicing isoform as an important biomarker contributing to improve PCa diagnosis and prognosis, besides providing insights into early steps of PCa carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M Tilli
- Programa de Medicina Experimental, Coordenação de Pesquisa-Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Programa de Pós Graduação Stricto Sensu em Oncologia do INCa, Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil
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20
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Silva SD, Cunha IW, Younes RN, Soares FA, Kowalski LP, Graner E. ErbB receptors and fatty acid synthase expression in aggressive head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. Oral Dis 2011; 16:774-80. [PMID: 20604875 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-0825.2010.01687.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY Overexpression of ErbB receptors is frequent in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) and seems to be correlated with tumor progression and metastasis. Fatty acid synthase (FASN), the key lipogenic enzyme responsible for the endogenous synthesis of fatty acids, is regulated by ErbB2 and overexpressed in several human malignancies. METHODS This study was performed to examine the immunohistochemical expression patterns of ErbB1, ErbB2, ErbB3, ErbB4, and FASN in a tissue microarray, containing 33 representative areas from aggressive primary HNSCC (whose patients had distant metastasis), and 21 matched lung metastasis. RESULTS Strong correlation among the expression of ErbB family receptors was found (ErbB1-ErbB2 P = 0.008, ErbB1-ErbB4 P = 0.018, EbB2-ErbB3 P = 0.001, ErbB2-ErbB4 P = 0.006, ErbB3-ErbB4 P=0.012) in the HNSCC. FASN expression was significantly associated with ErbB2 (P = 0.024). Lymphatic permeation was correlated with ErbB3 (P = 0.033) and histological grade with ErbB4 staining (P = 0.050). ErbB1 and ErbB2 were found mainly in patients with smoking habit (P = 0.011 and P = 0.027), and ErbB2 was associated with alcohol consumption and clinical stage (P = 0.014 and P = 0.031). Finally, FASN was overexpressed in lung metastasis, in comparison with matched HNSCC samples (P = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS The results showed that high FASN immunohistochemical expression is a feature of HNSCC lung metastasis, and ErbB1-ErbB2, ErbB1-ErbB4, ErbB2-ErbB3, ErbB2-ErbB4, and ErbB3-ErbB4 expression levels are correlated in the respective primary tumors, being ErbB2 the preferred coexpression partner of all the other ErbB receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D Silva
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery and Otorhinolaryngology Anatomic Pathology Thoracic Surgery, A.C. Camargo Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Portela RMO, Mattar A, Waitzberg A, Shida JY, Soares FA, Nonogaki S, Gebrim LH. Abstract P2-06-05: p27 Expression in Hormone Sensitive Breast Carcinomas, Prior and after Short Term Hormone Treatment: A Prospective Placebo Double-Blind Study. Cancer Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs10-p2-06-05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Mutations in genes that regulate the cell cycle are found in most human cancers. In addition, there are other cell cycle genes, including those encoding p27, that contribute to tumor progression but are rarely mutated. p27 is a member of the Cip/Kip family of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors and it is present in high levels in quiescent cells, but its levels decline when cells proliferate in response to mitogenic signals. Various functions have been attributed to p27, including promotion of apoptosis and regulation of drug resistance. p27 is functionally inactivated in most of human cancers through enhanced p27 proteolysis, sequestration by cyclin D/cdk complexes, and by cytoplasmic mislocalization. There is evidence from preclinical studies that p27 is essential for cell cycle arrest by tamoxifen and other antiestrogenic drugs.
Objectives: To compare the expression of nuclear and cytoplasmic p27, cyclin D1, Ki-67, p53, HER2/ErbB2, ER and PR in hormone sensitive invasive ductal carcinomas (IDC) in postmenopausal women, prior and after tamoxifen and anastrozole in a short term treatment. Methods: Seventy one patients were enrolled in this study and fifty-eight were elegible for analyses. All patients had palpable ER-positive IDC (stage II and III) and were double-blind randomized in a prospective placebo controlled study with short term hormone treatment (HT) groups for twenty-six days prior to surgical treatment: Anastrozole 1mg/day (n= 18), Placebo (n=25) and Tamoxifen 20mg/day (n= 15). Pre and post HT samples were disposed in tissue micro array blocks and submitted to immunohistochemical assay. Biomarkers status (nuclear and cytoplasmic p27, cyclin D1, Ki-67, p53, HER2/ErbB2, ER and PR) were obtained comparing each immunohistochemical evaluation of pre and post-surgery samples using semi-quantitative Allred's method for nuclear biomarkers, and scored based on a four-point intensity based system: negative (no stain), weakly positive (1+), mild positive (2+) and strongly positive (3+). Statistical analysis were performed using the GEE (General Estimation Equations) and ANOVA tests with significant p ≥0.05. Results: The patients mean age was 66.25 ± 9.95 years. The mean tumor size was 4.0 ± 1.06 cm. There was no statistically significant correlation between nuclear p27 expression and tumor size or histologic grade. Before HT, 38 (62.5%) patients had positive nuclear p27 expression, 5 (8.6%) patients had positive cytoplasmic p27 expression, and after treatment their expression was increased in all groups. There was a positive correlation between Ki-67, cyclin D1, p53 and nuclear p27 prior to HT. After HT, there was a positive correlation between Ki-67, cyclin D1, p53, HER2/ErbB2, ER, and nuclear p27.
Conclusions: There was an increment of nuclear and cytoplasmic p27 after short term treatment, regardless of the drug used. The positive correlation between nuclear p27 and poor prognostic markers was unexpected.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-06-05.
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Affiliation(s)
- RMO Portela
- UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; UNIFESP, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil; Perola Byington Hospital, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil; A.C.Camargo Hospital, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - A Mattar
- UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; UNIFESP, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil; Perola Byington Hospital, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil; A.C.Camargo Hospital, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - ÂFL Waitzberg
- UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; UNIFESP, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil; Perola Byington Hospital, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil; A.C.Camargo Hospital, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - JY Shida
- UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; UNIFESP, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil; Perola Byington Hospital, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil; A.C.Camargo Hospital, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - FA Soares
- UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; UNIFESP, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil; Perola Byington Hospital, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil; A.C.Camargo Hospital, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - S Nonogaki
- UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; UNIFESP, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil; Perola Byington Hospital, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil; A.C.Camargo Hospital, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - LH. Gebrim
- UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; UNIFESP, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil; Perola Byington Hospital, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil; A.C.Camargo Hospital, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Rodrigues MMP, Rema A, Gärtner F, Soares FA, Rogatto SR, De Mour VMBD, Laufer-Amorim R. Overexpression of vimentin in canine prostatic carcinoma. J Comp Pathol 2010; 144:308-11. [PMID: 20961558 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2010.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2010] [Revised: 06/29/2010] [Accepted: 08/30/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Canine prostatic tumours exhibit similarities to those of man and may represent a useful model system to explore the mechanisms of cancer progression. Tumour progression to malignancy requires a change from an epithelial phenotype to a fibroblastic or mesenchymal phenotype. Vimentin expression is associated with the invasive phenotype of human prostate cancer cells. The aim of the present study was to characterize immunohistochemically the expression of vimentin by canine prostatic carcinomas. Primary carcinomas and metastatic tumour foci both showed vimentin expression. This finding suggests that the acquisition of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition phenotype in canine prostatic carcinoma may be characterized by the presence of mesenchymal intermediate filament (vimentin) that could lead to a higher likelihood of metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M P Rodrigues
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
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Paiva CE, Drigo SA, Rosa FE, Moraes Neto FA, Caldeira JRF, Soares FA, Domingues MAC, Rogatto SR. Absence of transforming growth factor-beta type II receptor is associated with poorer prognosis in HER2-negative breast tumours. Ann Oncol 2009; 21:734-740. [PMID: 19914962 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdp518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The clinical relevance of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta)-signalling pathway in breast carcinomas (BCs) remained elusive. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of TGF-beta1 and transforming growth factor-beta type II receptor (TGF-betaRII) expression levels in tumour cells and their association with the established biomarkers in BC. PATIENTS AND METHODS In 324 BC from patients with long-term follow-up, the TGF-beta1 and TGF-betaRII transcript and protein expression levels were assessed. RESULTS TGF-beta1 and TGF-betaRII down-expression was significantly associated with BC. Negative TGF-beta1 and TGF-betaRII protein status was associated with the development of distant metastasis (P = 0.003 and P = 0.029, respectively). In multivariate analysis, TGF-beta1-positive tumours were associated with increased disease-free survival (DFS) [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.489, P = 0.003]. TGF-betaRII positivity was an independent prognostic factor for DFS (HR = 0.439, P = 0.001) and overall survival (OS) (HR = 0.409, P = 0.003) in human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2)-negative patients. Absence of TGF-beta1 and TGF-betaRII proteins in breast tumour cells was significantly associated with metastasis development. CONCLUSIONS To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report indicating the relevance of HER2 status in discriminating TGF-betaRII as a prognostic marker for DFS and OS in human BC. These data indicate that TGF-betaRII protein analysis in tumour cells could be introduced in clinical practice as additional prognostic biomarker in HER2-negative BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E Paiva
- Oncological and Hemato-oncological Center, São Paulo State University, Botucatu
| | - S A Drigo
- NeoGene Laboratory, Department of Urology, São Paulo State University, Botucatu and A. C. Camargo Cancer Treatment and Research Center
| | - F E Rosa
- NeoGene Laboratory, Department of Urology, São Paulo State University, Botucatu and A. C. Camargo Cancer Treatment and Research Center
| | | | | | - F A Soares
- Department of Pathology, A. C. Camargo Cancer Treatment and Research Center
| | - M A C Domingues
- Department of Pathology, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - S R Rogatto
- NeoGene Laboratory, Department of Urology, São Paulo State University, Botucatu and A. C. Camargo Cancer Treatment and Research Center.
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Soares FA, Regadas FSP, Murad-Regadas SM, Rodrigues LV, Silva FRS, Escalante RD, Bezerra RF. Role of age, bowel function and parity on anorectocele pathogenesis according to cinedefecography and anal manometry evaluation. Colorectal Dis 2009; 11:947-50. [PMID: 19207704 DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-1318.2008.01761.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study aimed to verify the role of parity, age and bowel function in the pathogenesis of anorectocele. METHOD A cross-sectional study was conducted regarding age, obstetrical history, Cleveland Clinic Constipation Score (CCCS), cinedefecography and anal manometry findings. Forty-five adult women complaining of obstructed defecation were evaluated; the median age was 46 years and median CCCS, 13. Fifteen patients were nulliparous and 23 multiparous (median parity 2). Eighteen had a history of episiotomy, fourteen delivered large babies and two had forceps-assisted delivery. Statistical analysis was performed using Spearman's correlation test and Fisher's exact test. RESULTS Anal hypertonia was found in 14 (31.1%) patients, anal hypotonia in eight (17.8%), anismus in 13 (28.9%) and anorectoceles in 34 (75.6%) [median size 2.8 cm (0-6.4)]. There were no correlations between anorectocele and anal hypertonia (P = 0.7171), anismus (P = 0.4666), parity comparing nulliparous and multiparous patients (P = 1.000), episiotomy (P = 1.0000), forceps assistance (P = 1.0000), delivery of a large baby (P = 1.0000) anal resting pressure (P = 0.0883), anal voluntary pressure (P = 0.7327), parity (P = 0.4987) and age (P = 0.8603). There were correlations between anorectocele and the CCCS (P = 0.0082) and anal hypotonia (P = 0.0141). CONCLUSION Anorectocele is not correlated with parity, age, episiotomy, delivery of a large baby and anismus. It was more frequent in patients with severe constipation and less common in patients with anal hypotonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- F A Soares
- Department of Surgery, Medical School, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
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Yoshimoto M, Cunha IW, Coudry RA, Fonseca FP, Torres CH, Soares FA, Squire JA. FISH analysis of 107 prostate cancers shows that PTEN genomic deletion is associated with poor clinical outcome. Br J Cancer 2007; 97:678-85. [PMID: 17700571 PMCID: PMC2360375 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6603924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
This study examines the clinical impact of PTEN genomic deletions using fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) analysis of 107 prostate cancers, with follow-up information covering a period of up to 10 years. Tissue microarray analysis using interphase FISH indicated that hemizygous PTEN losses were present in 42/107 (39%) of prostatic adenocarcinomas, with a homozygous PTEN deletion observed in 5/107 (5%) tumours. FISH analysis using closely linked probes centromeric and telomeric to the PTEN indicated that subband microdeletions accounted for ∼70% genomic losses. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis of PTEN genomic losses (hemizygous and homozygous deletion vs not deleted) identified subgroups with different prognosis based on their time to biochemical relapse after surgery, and demonstrated significant association between PTEN deletion and an earlier onset of disease recurrence (as determined by prostate-specific antigen levels). Homozygous PTEN deletion was associated with a much earlier onset of biochemical recurrence (P=0.002). Furthermore, PTEN loss at the time of prostatectomy correlated with clinical parameters of more advanced disease, such as extraprostatic extension and seminal vesicle invasion. Collectively, our data indicates that haploinsufficiency or PTEN genomic loss is an indicator of more advanced disease at surgery, and is predictive of a shorter time to biochemical recurrence of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Yoshimoto
- Division of Applied Molecular Oncology, Ontario Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - I W Cunha
- Departamento de Patologia, Centro de Tratamento e Pesquisa, Hospital do Câncer, A.C. Camargo, São Paulo, 01509 010, Brazil
| | - R A Coudry
- Departamento de Patologia, Centro de Tratamento e Pesquisa, Hospital do Câncer, A.C. Camargo, São Paulo, 01509 010, Brazil
| | - F P Fonseca
- Serviço de Urologia, Departamento de Cirurgia Pélvica, Hospital do Câncer, A.C. Camargo, São Paulo, 01509 010, Brazil
| | - C H Torres
- Instituto de Matemática e Estatística, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 01509 010, Brazil
| | - F A Soares
- Departamento de Patologia, Centro de Tratamento e Pesquisa, Hospital do Câncer, A.C. Camargo, São Paulo, 01509 010, Brazil
| | - J A Squire
- Division of Applied Molecular Oncology, Ontario Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2M9, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, M5G 2M9, Canada
- Division of Applied Molecular Oncology, Ontario Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Hospital. 610 University Avenue, Room 9-721, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2M9, Canada. E-mail:
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Massoni Neto LM, Bianchi CP, Ab'Saber AM, Parra ER, Takagaki T, Pereira JC, Soares FA, Leite K, Capelozzi VL. p53 immunostaining is correlated with reduced survival and is not correlated with gene mutations in resected pulmonary large cell carcinomas. Braz J Med Biol Res 2007; 40:1045-53. [PMID: 17665040 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2006005000122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2006] [Accepted: 04/10/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignancy of pulmonary large cell carcinomas (LCC) increases from classic LCC through LCC with neuroendocrine morphology (LCCNM) to large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas (LCNEC). However, the histological classification has sometimes proved to be difficult. Because the malignancy of LCC is highly dependent on proteins with functions in the cell cycle, DNA repair, and apoptosis, p53 has been targeted as a potentially useful biological marker. p53 mutations in lung cancers have been shown to result in expression and protein expression also occurs in the absence of mutations. To validate the importance of both p53 protein expression (by immunostaining) and p53 gene mutations in lung LCC (by PCR-single strand conformational polymorphism analysis of exons 5, 6, 7, and 8) and to study their relationships with clinical factors and sub-classification we investigated the correlation of p53 abnormalities in 15 patients with LCC (5 classic LCC, 5 LCNEC, and 5 LCCNM) who had undergone resection with curative intent. Of these patients, 5/15 expressed p53 and none had mutant p53 sequences. There was a negative survival correlation with positive p53 immunostaining (P = 0.05). After adjustment for stage, age, gender, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and histological subtypes by multivariate analysis, p53 expression had an independent impact on survival. The present study indicates that p53 assessment may provide an objective marker for the prognosis of LCC irrespective of morphological variants and suggests that p53 expression is important for outcome prediction in patients with the early stages of LCC. The results reported here should be considered to be initial results because tumors from only 15 patients were studied: 5 each from LCC, LCNEC and LCCNM. This was due to the rarity of these specific diseases.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Large Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Large Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Large Cell/mortality
- Carcinoma, Large Cell/surgery
- Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine/genetics
- Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine/mortality
- Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine/surgery
- DNA, Neoplasm/analysis
- Exons
- Female
- Genes, p53/genetics
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/metabolism
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Lung Neoplasms/surgery
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Mutation/genetics
- Neoplasm Staging
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational
- Prognosis
- Survival Analysis
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Massoni Neto
- Departamento de Patologia, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo
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Ferreira CR, Carvalho JP, Soares FA, Siqueira SAC, Carvalho FM. Mucinous ovarian tumors associated with pseudomyxoma peritonei of adenomucinosis type: immunohistochemical evidence that they are secondary tumors. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2007; 18:59-65. [PMID: 17511804 DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1438.2007.00988.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) is a clinical condition initially thought to be related to ovarian mucinous tumors; however, immunohistochemistry and molecular biology techniques have convincingly made the link to appendiceal mucinous neoplasms, resulting in changes in histologic and clinical approaches. The objective of this study was to compare the immunohistochemical profile of ovarian tumors associated with PMP and intestinal mucinous ovarian neoplasms without PMP. The study was retrospective and included 28 intestinal ovarian mucinous tumors selected from the files of the Division of Surgical Pathology of the University of Sao Paulo Medical School, from 1996 to 2005. Seven cases were associated with PMP of disseminated peritoneal adenomucinosis-type and all presented borderline histology. Immunohistochemical staining for mucin genes products (MUC1, MUC2, MUC5AC, and MUC6), CK7, CK20, CA19.9, and CA125 were performed in tissue microarrays. Of note, we detected differences in the expression of MUC2 and CK20 between cases with and without PMP. Comparisons of borderline histology with that of benign/malignant tumors also revealed differences in MUC2 and CK20. Our results confirm that there is a distinct profile of intestinal ovarian tumors associated with pseudomyxoma, particularly with respect to the expression of the gel-forming mucin MUC2. The profile of borderline tumors, even in cases without PMP, was distinct from that of other primary mucinous tumors of the intestinal type, suggesting that borderline histology may represent a secondary tumor or a less aggressive variant of PMP. An appendiceal origin seems the most probable for this group of neoplasias.
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Affiliation(s)
- C R Ferreira
- Department of Pathology, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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28
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Fregnani JHTG, Latorre MRDO, Novik PR, Lopes A, Soares FA. Assessment of pelvic lymph node micrometastatic disease in stages IB and IIA of carcinoma of the uterine cervix. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2007; 16:1188-94. [PMID: 16803505 DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1438.2006.00519.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to assess the frequency of micrometastatic disease (MID) in pelvic lymph nodes (PLNs) in carcinoma of the uterine cervix (CUC) and to determine the risk of recurrence. The PLNs from 289 patients with CUC (IB and IIA) were studied. Each PLN was assessed via immunohistochemistry using a single histologic section (AE1/AE3). Metastatic deposits were measured and the disease status was classified into three groups: 1) absence of metastatic disease (MOD); 2) MID, one or more metastatic PLN with only isolated tumor cells and/or micrometastases (up to 2 mm); and 3) macrometastatic disease (MAD), presence of one or more metastatic PLN with macrometastases (more than 2 mm). Eleven patients (3.8%) were classified as having MID and 37 (12.8%) as having MAD. The 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) rates for MOD, MAD, and MID were 88.7%, 80.4%, and 50.0%, respectively (P < 0.001). The Cox proportional hazards model showed that MID was an independent variable for recurrence when adjusted for MAD, depth of tumor invasion, severity of inflammatory reaction, and use of adjuvant radiotherapy. We conclude that the frequency of MID in PLN was low. However, patients with MID presented a high risk of recurrence and reduced DFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H T G Fregnani
- Morphology Department, School of Medical Sciences of Santa Casa de São Paulo, Rua Dr. Cesário Motta Júnior 61, CEP 01221-020 São Paulo, Brazil.
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Aguiar S, Lopes A, Soares FA, Rossi BM, Ferreira FO, Nakagawa WT, Carvalho AL, Filho WJD. Prognostic and predictive value of the thymidylate synthase expression in patients with non-metastatic colorectal cancer. Eur J Surg Oncol 2005; 31:863-8. [PMID: 15923105 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2005.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2004] [Revised: 02/08/2005] [Accepted: 03/31/2005] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To assess the value of thymidylate synthase (TS) expression as a predictive factor in the efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy in colorectal cancer, as well as its independent prognostic value for survival. METHODS We studied 114 high risk colorectal carcinoma patients (high risk stage II and stage III), distributed in two treatment groups: surgery alone (61 patients) or surgery followed by 5-FU-based chemotherapy (53 patients). TS protein expression in the tumour tissue was assessed by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS In the surgery alone subgroup, overall survival (OS) at 5 years were 77.5% for the patients with low TS expression, against 57.7% for the patients with high TS expression (p=0.006). Among patients with low TS, there was no difference in OS as a result of whether adjuvant chemotherapy was carried out or not (65.8 vs 77.5%, p=0.29). Among the patients with high TS, there was a significant gain in OS in favor of chemotherapy (87.8 vs 57.7%, p=0.04). Analyzing the complete sample, TS expression was not shown as an independent prognostic factor for survival in the multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS The immunohistochemical TS expression may be used for selecting patients for better adjuvant chemotherapy protocols. In this sample, TS expression was not an independent prognostic factor for survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Aguiar
- Department of Pelvic Surgery, Hospital do Câncer A.C. Camargo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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30
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Nogueira CW, Santos FW, Soares FA, Rocha JBT. 2,3-Dimercaptopropanol, 2,3-dimercaptopropane-1-sulfonic acid, and meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid inhibit delta-aminolevulinate dehydratase from human erythrocytes in vitro. Environ Res 2004; 94:254-261. [PMID: 15016592 DOI: 10.1016/s0013-9351(03)00071-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2003] [Revised: 03/28/2003] [Accepted: 04/01/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The effects of dithiol chelating agents meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA), 2,3-dimercaptopropane-1-sulfonic acid (DMPS), and 2,3-dimercaptopropanol (BAL) on delta-aminolevulinate dehydratase (delta-ALA-D) from human erythrocytes were evaluated. Furthermore, possible protective effects of zinc chloride (ZnCl(2)), dithiothreitol (DTT), and cysteine were studied. delta-ALA-D activity from human erythrocytes was inhibited by dithiol chelating agents in a concentration-dependent manner. Cysteine, at all concentrations tested, did not protect the inhibitory effect of 1 and 4 mM DMPS and DMSA, but protected 1 mM BAL inhibition. Dithiotreitol was able to protect the inhibition caused by 1 mM BAL (28%), DMPS (56%), and DMSA (40%) in a concentration-dependent manner. Zinc chloride protected and restored 1 mM BAL inhibitory effect on delta-ALA-D. Zinc chloride at 500 microM and 1 mM, respectively, protected inhibitory effects of DMPS and DMSA (1 and 4 mM), but did not reverse its effects. The preincubation of dithiol chelating agents with enzyme demonstrated that DMSA was the most potent delta-ALA-D inhibitor of human erythrocytes. These data are in agreement with delta-ALA-D activity from purified enzyme. ZnCl(2) (1 microM) added, in the reaction mixture, increased enzyme activity and DTT (100 microM) totally restored the enzyme activity for all chelating agents tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- C W Nogueira
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria CEP 97105-900, RS, Brazil.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Salivary duct carcinoma (SDC) is considered to be a distinct malignancy of the major salivary glands, because of its highly aggressive behaviour, and the high rate of recurrence, metastasis, and disease related death. AIMS To investigate expression of the proteins involved in the retinoblastoma (pRb) and p53 pathways, which control cell cycle progression at the G1/S checkpoint, and also expression of the c-erbB-2 oncoprotein in SDCs. METHODS Using a streptavidin-biotin method, five cases of SDC were evaluated immunohistochemically for the presence of cyclin D1, CDK4 (cyclin dependent kinase 4), p16 (CDK2A), pRb (retinoblastoma protein), E2F-1, p53, mdm2 (murine double minute 2), bcl-2, and the c-erbB-2 oncoprotein to determine whether there was a correlation between the expression of these proteins and patient outcome. RESULTS All of the cases showed deregulation of the pRb and p53 pathways. Of the five patients analysed, only the patient with longterm survival (10 years) was not positive for c-erbB-2 expression. CONCLUSIONS c-erbB-2 overexpression was associated with a poor prognosis. Aggressive behaviour, recurrence, and metastatic potential do not appear to be related to cell cycle deregulation, but seem to be associated with the c-erbB-2 oncoprotein, which is involved in matrix degradation and proteolitic activity, in addition to increases in vessel permeability, endothelial cell growth, proliferation, migration, and differentiation. There was a correlation between c-erbB-2 oncoprotein expression and aggressive behaviour in SDCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Etges
- Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas/UFP, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sol, Brazil, CEP 96015
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Marback EF, Arias VEA, Paranhos A, Soares FA, Murphree AL, Erwenne CM. Tumour angiogenesis as a prognostic factor for disease dissemination in retinoblastoma. Br J Ophthalmol 2003; 87:1224-8. [PMID: 14507753 PMCID: PMC1920792 DOI: 10.1136/bjo.87.10.1224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate tumour angiogenesis as a predictor of prognosis in retinoblastoma. METHODS This was a retrospective, non-randomised comparative clinicopathological study. The histopathology from 24 cases of Reese-Ellsworth (RE) group V unilateral retinoblastoma treated by enucleation alone was reviewed. Group I consisted of five patients (four RE group Vb and one group Va) who developed disseminated disease at a mean of 10.4 months after enucleation. The remaining 19 patients constitute group II (18 RE group Vb and 1 group Va), none of whom had developed metastatic disease with a mean follow up of 54 months. None of the 24 patients had evidence of extraocular disease at enucleation. The surgical specimens from patients with unilateral retinoblastoma treated by enucleation at Hospital do Cancer AC Camargo between January 1992 and December 1995 were identified, reviewed and the clinical data recorded. Two subsequent histological sections were prepared. One stained with haematoxylin and eosin for assessment of choroidal and optic nerve invasion, and the other for immunoreaction with an endothelium specific marker (antibody anti-CD 34). The main outcome measures were choroidal and/or optic nerve invasion and quantification of the tumour's relative vascular area (TRVA) obtained by Chalkley counting. RESULTS Choroidal invasion was present in three eyes of group I (all massive) and six eyes of group II (two focal and four massive). Optic nerve invasion was found in two eyes of group I (all post-laminar) and four eyes of group II (three prelaminar and one post-laminar). There was no statistical difference regarding choroidal or optic nerve between the two groups. The TRVA was the only independent variable found to predict disease dissemination (p = 0.008 by Cox analysis). A TRVA equal to or greater than 3.9% had 100% sensitivity and 79% specificity in predicting disease dissemination. CONCLUSIONS Quantification of angiogenesis, through measurement of the TRVA, can help to identify patients with retinoblastoma at high risk for disease dissemination after enucleation.
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Hage R, Galhanone PR, Zângaro RA, Rodrigues KC, Pacheco MTT, Martin AA, Netto MM, Soares FA, da Cunha IW. Using the laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy in the differentiation between normal and neoplastichuman breast tissue. Lasers Med Sci 2003; 18:171-6. [PMID: 14505202 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-003-0271-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2003] [Accepted: 07/17/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
This article reports results of the in vitro study for potential evaluation of the laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy in the differentiation between normal and neoplastic human breast tissue. A coumarine dye laser pumped by nitrogen laser generated an excitation light centered at 458 nm. In order to collect the fluorescence signal was used an optical fiber catheter coupled to a spectrometer and CCD detector. Fluorescence spectra were recorded from normal and neoplastic (benign and malignant) human breast tissue, adding up 94 different areas. The discrimination between normal and neoplasm groups reach a sensitivity and specificity of 100%.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Hage
- IP&D, Universidade do Vale do Paraíba, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil.
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Nogueira CW, Soares FA, Nascimento PC, Muller D, Rocha JBT. 2,3-Dimercaptopropane-1-sulfonic acid and meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid increase mercury- and cadmium-induced inhibition of delta-aminolevulinate dehydratase. Toxicology 2003; 184:85-95. [PMID: 12499112 DOI: 10.1016/s0300-483x(02)00575-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Compounds derived from Dimercaprol, such as meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) and 2,3-dimercaptopropane-1-sulfonic acid (DMPS), are becoming common agents for treating humans exposed to heavy metals. Heavy metals such as Pb(2+), Hg(2+) and Cd(2+) can inhibit delta-aminolevulinate dehydratase (delta-ALA-D) activity. Delta-ALA-D catalyzes the condensation of two delta-aminolevulinic acid (delta-ALA) molecules with the formation of porphobilinogen, a heme precursor. The effects of DMSA and DMPS alone or in combination with Cd(2+), Hg(2+), or Pb(2+) on hepatic delta-ALA-D were examined. DMPS and DMSA caused a dose-dependent inhibition of hepatic delta-ALA-D. In the presence of Hg(2+) or Cd(2+) the inhibitory potency of DMPS increased. Similarly, the inhibitory effects of Hg(2+) and Cd(2+) were markedly increased in the presence of DMSA. In contrast, the inhibitory effect of DMPS was not changed by inclusion of Pb(2+). As observed with DMSA, Zn(2+) did not modified the inhibitory effect of DMPS. Data of the present report support the idea that the complexes formed (metals-DMSA or DMPS) were more inhibitory than the metal (Hg(2+) and Cd(2+)) or the chelating agent alone to the hepatic delta-ALA-D activity, in vitro. The mechanism of hepatic delta-ALA-D inhibition by Hg(2+)-DMPS/DMSA and Cd(2+)-DMPS/DMSA complexes involve the essential thiol groups of the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- C W Nogueira
- Departamento de Quimica, Centro de Ciencias Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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Mendes RV, Martins AR, de Nucci G, Murad F, Soares FA. Expression of nitric oxide synthase isoforms and nitrotyrosine immunoreactivity by B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas and multiple myeloma. Histopathology 2001; 39:172-8. [PMID: 11493334 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2559.2001.01189.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Nitric oxide synthases (NOS) are isoenzymes that catalyse the synthesis of nitric oxide (NO). The three main NOS isoforms are: NOS1 or neuronal, NOS2 or inducible, and NOS3 or endothelial. NO plays both physiological and pathological roles, depending on its rate of synthesis and concentration, cellular source and microenvironment. Apoptosis is an important biological factor in low-grade lymphomas, and NO is able to prevent apoptosis. In-situ expression of NOS and synthesis of NO have been shown in several malignant tumours, but not in lymphoid neoplasms. This study evaluates whether human B-cell neoplasms express NOS isoforms, and nitrotyrosine (NY), which is usually interpreted as a marker of NO. METHODS AND RESULTS We studied the expression of NOS-IR isoforms and NY-IR in 16 cases of B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) (five follicle centre cell lymphoma, four small lymphocytic/CLL, and seven diffuse large cell lymphoma), and 10 cases of multiple myeloma (MM). NOS1 was expressed in 5/10 cases of MM, and 15/16 cases of NHL. NOS2 was detected in all cases of MM, and in 14/16 cases of NHL, whereas NOS3 was positive in 3/10 of MM and in only in 1/16 cases of NHL. The expression of NY-IR was observed in 70% of MM cases, and in all cases of B-cell NHL, in a dot-like pattern in few tumour cells. CONCLUSIONS B-cell neoplasms express neuronal and inducible NOS, and nitrotyrosine. Taken together, our results suggest that B-cell neoplasms can produce NO. The role of NO in the biology, diagnosis and prognosis of B-cell neoplasms remains to be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- R V Mendes
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil
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36
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Abstract
CONTEXT Breast cancer is the most important neoplasm in adult women, and its worldwide incidence is growing. The tumoral stroma is very important for modulating the growth and invasion of the tumor itself. The relationship between these two components is not completely understood. Schirrous carcinoma is a variant of ductal invasive carcinoma in which the stroma is very desmoplastic, and the importance of this finding still a motive for debate in the literature. OBJECTIVE To compare the desmoplastic reactions against biological markers, such as estrogen and progesterone receptors, oncoprotein c-erbB-2 and oncoprotein p53, with the objective of studying the relationship between the tumoral stroma and epithelial cancer cells. TYPE OF STUDY Retrospective study. SETTING Cancer Hospital A C Camargo and Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. SAMPLE 107 adult women operated because of ductal invasive carcinoma. The cases were separated into 4 groups according to the desmoplastic reaction - less than 15 per cent, between 15-50 per cent, 51-85 per cent, and more than 85 per cent fibrosis. The grade of fibrosis was determined by picrus-sirius staining and quantified by using a microscope with a stereo-imaging grid. Immunohistochemical methods were used to determine the expression of the hormonal receptors and c-erbB-2/p53 oncoprotein. MAIN MEASUREMENTS Extent of desmoplastic reaction versus expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors, oncoprotein c-erbB-2, and oncoprotein p53. RESULTS The results showed that schirrous carcinoma expresses oncoprotein p53 more frequently than other carcinomas with less extensive desmoplastic reaction. There were no differences between the grade of fibrosis and the other biological markers. CONCLUSION The intense stromal reaction in invasive ductal carcinoma may modulate the expression of p53. Further investigations should be made with the aim of understanding how this expression determines the proliferative activity in schirrous carcinoma, and whether this overexpression is secondary to mutation of the p53 gene or due to modulation of other molecules of the stroma.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/genetics
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/metabolism
- Female
- Humans
- Mutation
- Receptor, ErbB-2/genetics
- Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism
- Receptors, Estrogen/genetics
- Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism
- Receptors, Progesterone/genetics
- Receptors, Progesterone/metabolism
- Receptors, Steroid/genetics
- Receptors, Steroid/metabolism
- Retrospective Studies
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/genetics
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- F S Ferrini
- Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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37
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Abstract
Tumor angiogenesis is required for tumor growth and metastasis. A statistically significant correlation has been demonstrated between prognosis and the microvessel density (a measure of tumor angiogenesis) of solid tumors, particularly of the breast and prostate, and lymphoid neoplasms. The aim of this study was to establish whether a correlation exists between vascular density and the malignant category of Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (NHL) defined by two classification systems (Kiel and Working Formulation). We also tested whether florid follicular hyperplasia (FFH) and follicular lymphomas (FL) behave as new vessel stimulating conditions. Eighty-nine NHL lymph node biopsies were reviewed and categorized according to the Kiel Classification and Working Formulation. Twelve FL were also selected and compared to 12 FFH biopsies. Vessels were highlighted by immunostaining with anti-Factor VIII antibody and quantified both by counting higher vascular density fields and by estimating the proportional vascular area. The results showed a statistically significant difference between low and high grade NHL, when classified in either the Working Formulation (p=0.0015) or the Kiel Classification (p=0.002). No differences were found in vessel counts between Working formulation intermediate and high grade lymphomas. Vascular density is similar when FFH and FL interfollicular areas are compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Arias
- Adolpho Lurz Institute, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brasil.
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38
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Nogueira CW, Soares FA, Bolzan RC, Jacques-Silva MC, Souza DO, Rocha JB. Investigations into the mechanism of 2,3-dimercaptopropanol neurotoxicity. Neurochem Res 2000; 25:1553-8. [PMID: 11152384 DOI: 10.1023/a:1026658217907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
2,3 dimercaptopropanol (BAL), is a dithiol chelating agent, used for the treatment of heavy metal intoxication; however, this compound has low therapeutic efficacy and in some situations may cause neurotoxic effects. In experimental models, administration of high doses of BAL produces seizures that culminate in animal death. However, investigations on the modulation of neurotransmitter system(s) involved in BAL-induced seizures are still lacking in the literature. In the present study, the neurotoxicity of BAL, as measured by the manifestation of seizures was examined and the modulation of glutamatergic and GABAergic receptors and ion channels potentially involved in BAL-induced seizures was investigated. The results demonstrated that BAL (18.6 mg/kg) induced seizures and all mice died within one day. GABAergic allosteric modulators (3 or 12 mg/kg diazepam and 50 mg/kg phenobarbital) blocked the appearance of seizure and reduced almost completely the death caused by BAL. Carbamazepine (5 mg/kg) significantly reduced the incidence of BAL-induced seizures, while sodium valproate and MK-801 were not effective in reducing the incidence of seizures. Valproate (300 mg/kg) and MK-801(0.5 mg/kg) prolonged the latencies for onset of seizures; however, all animals died within one day after BAL administration. High doses of ZnCl2 (135 mg/kg) blocked the appearance of seizures episodes, but no animal survived more than one day. The content of total non-protein -SH in brain of mice treated with 18.6 and 124 mg/kg BAL increased from 0.9+/-0.3 nmol/g (control animals) to 1.7+/-0.3 and 3.5+/-0.8 nmol/g, respectively. In vitro, 0.1-1 mM concentrations of BAL inhibited [3H]glutamate and [3H]MK-801 binding, but increased the binding of [3H]muscimol to brain synaptic plasma membrane. The results reported here demonstrate that GABAergic allosteric modulators (diazepam and phenobarbital) and carbamazepine, a compound that acts by prolonging the recovery of voltage-activated ion channels from inactivation, are able to abolish BAL-induced seizures, while the NMDA antagonist (MK-801) prolonged the latencies for onset of seizures suggesting that modulators of this subtype of glutamate receptor have a modest role on BAL-induced seizures. The results of the present study suggest that allosteric modulators of GABAergic system and carbamazepine, a voltage-gated Na+-channel antagonist, should be considered for the treatment of animals or patients intoxicated with BAL.
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Affiliation(s)
- C W Nogueira
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, Brasil.
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39
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40
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42
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Rosatelli JB, Souza CS, Soares FA, Foss NT, Roselino AM. Generalized cutaneous leishmaniasis in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 1998; 10:229-32. [PMID: 9643326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leishmaniasis associated with HIV/AIDS has been reported in the last decade. CASE REPORT A case of generalized cutaneous leishmaniasis in a patient with AIDS is described. The case is paradoxical in that the cutaneous lesions resemble anergic leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania (L.) amazonensis and Jorge Lobo's disease, but the positive Montenegro test and the clinical improvement with antimonial are more commonly observed in leishmaniasis caused by L.(V.) braziliensis. COMMENT The immunosuppression due to HIV/AIDS seen in this patient may explain the dissemination of the lesions, but the positive specific response to leishmanial antigen may explain the good response to the antimonial treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- J B Rosatelli
- Division of Dermatology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil
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43
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Affiliation(s)
- G A da Silva
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto USP, Brazil
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44
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Roselino AM, Souza CS, Andrade JM, Tone LG, Soares FA, Llorach-Velludo MA, Foss NT. Dermatomyositis and acquired ichthyosis as paraneoplastic manifestations of ovarian tumor. Int J Dermatol 1997; 36:611-4. [PMID: 9329895 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-4362.1997.tb01178.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A M Roselino
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil
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45
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Watanabe MA, Almeida DO, Serrano SV, Sales VS, Soares FA, de Lucca FL. Immunotherapy of metastases with lymphocytes treated with exogenous RNA in mice bearing B16 melanoma. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 1997; 43:393-8. [PMID: 9193794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Subline B16-F10, a variant cell line of B16 melanoma, is highly metastatic to the lung when injected intravenously into C57BL/6 mice. This experimental metastasis model was used to test the anti-tumor effect of exogenous RNA extracted from the lymphoid organs of immunized animals with B16-F10 cells. This RNA preparation is referred to as B16-RNA. Adoptive immunotherapy with lymphocytes treated with B16-RNA was effective in reducing significantly the number of pulmonary metastatic nodules. Lymphocytes incubated with medium alone or with RNA from non-immunized animals (N-RNA) were used as controls. The ability of B16-RNA in modulating antimetastatic activity of normal lymphocytes is abolished by hydrolysis with KOH. This finding indicates that the integrity of the polynucleotide chain is essential for the activity of B16-RNA. The anti-tumor effect of lymphocytes treated with B16-RNA was enhanced by incubation with a low dose of interleukin-2 (IL-2). A possible role of the double-stranded RNA dependent protein kinase in this phenomenon is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Watanabe
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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46
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Soares FA, Fischer SE, Reis MA, Soares EG. Massive intracranial immature teratoma. Report of a case with polyhidramnios and intense pelvic pain. Arq Neuropsiquiatr 1996; 54:309-12. [PMID: 8984992 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-282x1996000200021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A case of massive intracranial immature teratoma in a female stillborn is reported. She was the product of the second pregnancy of a 25-year-old healthy woman. The pregnancy was unremarkable until the 25th week of gestation when the mother noticed a rapid enlargement of her abdomen and intense pelvic pain. Because of the pain, a cesarean section was indicated, and a stillborn weighing 2750g with macrocephaly was delivered. The cranial contents weighed 1350g and showed a huge tumoral mass with only a rim of normal brain. A histologic diagnosis of immature teratoma was made. Massive intracranial teratomas are rare tumors and their occurrence in intrauterine life is even rarer. Their histogenesis is unknown, and there is no explanation for their continuous growth during embryogenesis. A prenatal diagnosis of this rare condition can be made by ultrasound, computed tomography, or magnetic resonance imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- F A Soares
- Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo, Brazil.
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47
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Bacchi CE, Bacchi MM, Rabenhorst SH, Soares FA, Fonseca LE, Barbosa HS, Weiss LM, Gown AM. AIDS-related lymphoma in Brazil. Histopathology, immunophenotype, and association with Epstein-Barr virus. Am J Clin Pathol 1996; 105:230-7. [PMID: 8607450 DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/105.2.230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of malignant lymphoma is an increasingly important cause of morbidity and mortality in AIDS patients. The incidence of AIDS-related lymphoma in some developing countries such as Brazil is increasing as the survival of HIV infection has improved. Although there is a clear association between several types of immunodeficiency-related lymphomas and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), the association of EBV infection in AIDS-related lymphoma in Brazil, where the incidence of AIDS is high, is unknown. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue from 24 cases of AIDS-related lymphoma in Brazil were analyzed for morphologic classification, immunophenotype, and EBV association using in situ hybridization studies with an EBV-EBER1 biotinylated probe. Twenty cases of AIDS-related lymphoma were classified as non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and four cases were Hodgkin's disease. Eleven non-Hodgkin's lymphomas were classified as diffuse large cell type, five cases were small non-cleaved cell, Burkitt-type, and four cases were large cell immunoblastic non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Eighteen cases were of B-cell phenotype; one was a T-cell lymphoma, and one was classified as null. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) was demonstrated in the majority of tumor cells of 11 of 20 (55%) of the cases non-Hodgkin's lymphomas and in 3 of 4 (75%) cases of Hodgkin's disease. AIDS-related lymphomas in Brazil are usually of large cell/immunoblastic type, but Hodgkin's disease is also seen. Both non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and Hodgkin's disease are often associated with EBV infection. The non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is predominantly of B-cell phenotype.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Brazil
- Female
- Herpesviridae Infections/complications
- Herpesviridae Infections/virology
- Herpesvirus 4, Human/isolation & purification
- Hodgkin Disease/immunology
- Hodgkin Disease/pathology
- Hodgkin Disease/virology
- Homosexuality, Male
- Humans
- Immunophenotyping
- In Situ Hybridization
- Lymph Nodes/pathology
- Lymphoma, AIDS-Related/genetics
- Lymphoma, AIDS-Related/immunology
- Lymphoma, AIDS-Related/pathology
- Lymphoma, AIDS-Related/virology
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/immunology
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/pathology
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/virology
- Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/immunology
- Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/pathology
- Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/virology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/immunology
- Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/pathology
- Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/virology
- RNA, Viral/analysis
- Substance-Related Disorders
- Tumor Virus Infections/complications
- Tumor Virus Infections/virology
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Affiliation(s)
- C E Bacchi
- Department of Pathology, State University of São Paulo-Botucatu, Brazil
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Ramos SG, Soares FA, Bestetti RB, Oliveira JS, Mello-Oliveira JA, Rossi MA. Cardiomyopathy in rats with Walker 256 tumor: The potential role of microvascular disease in its genesis. Cardiovasc Pathol 1996; 5:39-46. [PMID: 25851211 DOI: 10.1016/1054-8807(95)00032-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/1994] [Accepted: 04/18/1995] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Considering that diffuse abnormalities of myocardial microcirculation with transient ischemia have been suggested to play a role in the genesis of myocytolytic necrosis, characteristic lesion of dilated or congestive cardiomyopathies, and the bloodstream is the most common pathway for dissemination of cancer cells, which gain access to the microcirculation, the present study was undertaken to search for morphologic and electrocardiographic evidence of myocardial damage associated with microcirculatory disease in rats experimentally inoculated with the Walker 256 tumor. Young albino rats inoculated intramuscularly with the Walker 256 tumor developed a cardiomyopathy characterized by diffuse small foci of myocytolytic necrosis, decreased thickness of the mean left midventricular wall associated with reduced size of the minor diameter of myocytes, and electrocardiographic abnormalities reflecting the myocardial damage, correlated with the presence of a microvascular disease, characterized by intramyocardial microvessels (less than 50 μm in diameter) partially or totally occluded because of entrapment of tumor cells and fibrin-platelet/tumor cell-cellular debris thrombi. The occlusive or subocclusive small vessel lesions preceded the development of the myocytolytic necrosis, suggesting that the microvascular disease would play an important role in the process of focal micronecrosis and consequent electrocardiographic changes. However, it must be taken into account that the tumor thromboemboli can generate related factors that could promote cell injury and cell death. In conclusion, the hematogenic dissemination of Walker 256 cells promotes the development of an experimental cardiomyopathy attributable, at least in part, to microvascular obliterative changes in the myocardium.
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Affiliation(s)
- S G Ramos
- From the Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, S.P., Brazil
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49
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Tone LG, Defavery R, Scrideli CA, Bernardes JE, Torres FM, Soares FA, Peres LC, Duarte MH. Translocation (1;5)(q32;q35) in CD30+ anaplastic large cell non-Hodgkin lymphona of childhood. A case report. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 1996; 86:83-5. [PMID: 8616796 DOI: 10.1016/0165-4608(95)00171-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The authors studied cytogenetically a case of CD30+ anaplastic large cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma previously diagnosed as malignant histiocytosis and detected a translocation involving chromosomes 1 and 5, t(1;5)(q32:q35). After comparing their findings with those from reports in the literature, they comment about the importance of breakpoint q35 on chromosome 5 and point out the importance of associating morphologic, immunoperoxidase, and cytogenetic findings to confirm the diagnosis of this tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- L G Tone
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine of Riberão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil
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50
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Abstract
An unusual form of reagudization of Chagas' disease, from its indeterminate phase, was documented in an immunocompromised patient. Long-standing progressive visceral aggression due to extensive intracellular proliferation of T. cruzi manifested by severe isolated right ventricular failure and esophageal ulcerations. Antiparasite chemotherapy was effective in the control of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M V Simões
- Cardiology Division of Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil
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