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Spreafico A, Couselo EM, Irmisch A, Bessa J, Au-Yeung G, Bechter O, Svane IM, Sanmamed MF, Gambardella V, McKean M, Callahan M, Dummer R, Klein C, Umaña P, Justies N, Heil F, Fahrni L, Opolka-Hoffmann E, Waldhauer I, Bleul C, Staack RF, Karanikas V, Fowler S. Phase 1, first-in-human study of TYRP1-TCB (RO7293583), a novel TYRP1-targeting CD3 T-cell engager, in metastatic melanoma: active drug monitoring to assess the impact of immune response on drug exposure. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1346502. [PMID: 38577337 PMCID: PMC10991832 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1346502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Although checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs) have improved outcomes for patients with metastatic melanoma, those progressing on CPIs have limited therapeutic options. To address this unmet need and overcome CPI resistance mechanisms, novel immunotherapies, such as T-cell engaging agents, are being developed. The use of these agents has sometimes been limited by the immune response mounted against them in the form of anti-drug antibodies (ADAs), which is challenging to predict preclinically and can lead to neutralization of the drug and loss of efficacy. Methods TYRP1-TCB (RO7293583; RG6232) is a T-cell engaging bispecific (TCB) antibody that targets tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TYRP1), which is expressed in many melanomas, thereby directing T cells to kill TYRP1-expressing tumor cells. Preclinical studies show TYRP1-TCB to have potent anti-tumor activity. This first-in-human (FIH) phase 1 dose-escalation study characterized the safety, tolerability, maximum tolerated dose/optimal biological dose, and pharmacokinetics (PK) of TYRP1-TCB in patients with metastatic melanoma (NCT04551352). Results Twenty participants with cutaneous, uveal, or mucosal TYRP1-positive melanoma received TYRP1-TCB in escalating doses (0.045 to 0.4 mg). All participants experienced ≥1 treatment-related adverse event (TRAE); two participants experienced grade 3 TRAEs. The most common toxicities were grade 1-2 cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and rash. Fractionated dosing mitigated CRS and was associated with lower levels of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Measurement of active drug (dual TYPR1- and CD3-binding) PK rapidly identified loss of active drug exposure in all participants treated with 0.4 mg in a flat dosing schedule for ≥3 cycles. Loss of exposure was associated with development of ADAs towards both the TYRP1 and CD3 domains. A total drug PK assay, measuring free and ADA-bound forms, demonstrated that TYRP1-TCB-ADA immune complexes were present in participant samples, but showed no drug activity in vitro. Discussion This study provides important insights into how the use of active drug PK assays, coupled with mechanistic follow-up, can inform and enable ongoing benefit/risk assessment for individuals participating in FIH dose-escalation trials. Translational studies that lead to a better understanding of the underlying biology of cognate T- and B-cell interactions, ultimately resulting in ADA development to novel biotherapeutics, are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Spreafico
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Eva Muñoz Couselo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital and Vall d’Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anja Irmisch
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Juliana Bessa
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - George Au-Yeung
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Center and Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Oliver Bechter
- Department of General Medical Oncology, Universitair Ziekenhuis (UZ), Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Inge Marie Svane
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy and Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Miguel F. Sanmamed
- Department of Medical Oncology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra and Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Valentina Gambardella
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Meredith McKean
- Sarah Cannon Research Institute at Tennessee Oncology, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Margaret Callahan
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States
| | - Reinhard Dummer
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christian Klein
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pablo Umaña
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Justies
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Florian Heil
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Linda Fahrni
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Eugenia Opolka-Hoffmann
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Inja Waldhauer
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Conrad Bleul
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Roland F. Staack
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Vaios Karanikas
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stephen Fowler
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Ferreira CS, Babitzki G, Klaman I, Krieter O, Lechner K, Bendell J, Vega Harring S, Heil F. Predictive potential of angiopoietin-2 in a mCRC subpopulation treated with vanucizumab in the McCAVE trial. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1157596. [PMID: 37207143 PMCID: PMC10190963 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1157596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Angiopoetin-2 (Ang-2) is a key mediator of tumour angiogenesis. When upregulated it is associated with tumour progression and poor prognosis. Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy has been widely used in the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). The potential benefit of combined inhibition of Ang-2 and VEGF-A in previously untreated patients with mCRC was evaluated in the phase II McCAVE study (NCT02141295), assessing vanucizumab versus bevacizumab (VEGF-A inhibitor), both in combination with mFOLFOX-6 (modified folinic acid [leucovorin], fluorouracil and oxaliplatin) chemotherapy. To date, there are no known predictors of outcome of anti-angiogenic treatment in patients with mCRC. In this exploratory analysis, we investigate potential predictive biomarkers in baseline samples from McCAVE participants. Methods Tumour tissue samples underwent immunohistochemistry staining for different biomarkers, including Ang-2. Biomarker densities were scored on the tissue images using dedicated machine learning algorithms. Ang-2 levels were additionally assessed in plasma. Patients were stratified by KRAS mutation status determined using next generation sequencing. Median progression-free survival (PFS) for each treatment group by biomarker and KRAS mutation was estimated using Kaplan-Meier plots. PFS hazard ratios (and 95% confidence intervals) were compared using Cox regression. Results Overall low tissue baseline levels of Ang-2 were associated with longer PFS, especially in patients with wild-type KRAS status. In addition, our analysis identified a new subgroup of patients with KRAS wild-type mCRC and high levels of Ang-2 in whom vanucizumab/mFOLFOX-6 prolonged PFS significantly (log-rank p=0.01) by ~5.5 months versus bevacizumab/mFOLFOX-6. Similar findings were seen in plasma samples. Discussion This analysis demonstrates that additional Ang-2 inhibition provided by vanucizumab shows a greater effect than single VEGF-A inhibition in this subpopulation. These data suggest that Ang-2 may be both a prognostic biomarker in mCRC and a predictive biomarker for vanucizumab in KRAS wild-type mCRC. Thus, this evidence can potentially support the establishment of more tailored treatment approaches for patients with mCRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia S. Ferreira
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Cláudia S. Ferreira, ; Galina Babitzki,
| | - Galina Babitzki
- PHCS Biostatistics & Data Management, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Cláudia S. Ferreira, ; Galina Babitzki,
| | - Irina Klaman
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Oliver Krieter
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Katharina Lechner
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Johanna Bendell
- Sarah Cannon Research Institute and Tennessee Oncology, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Suzana Vega Harring
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Florian Heil
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
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Heil F, Babitzki G, Julien-Laferriere A, Ooi CH, Hidalgo M, Massard C, Martinez-Garcia M, Le Tourneau C, Kockx M, Gerber P, Rossomanno S, Krieter O, Lahr A, Wild N, Harring SV, Lechner K. Vanucizumab mode of action: Serial biomarkers in plasma, tumor, and skin-wound-healing biopsies. Transl Oncol 2020; 14:100984. [PMID: 33338877 PMCID: PMC7749407 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2020.100984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Vanucizumab is a novel bispecific antibody inhibiting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-A) and angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) that demonstrated safety and anti-tumor activity in part I of a phase I study of 42 patients with advanced solid tumors. Part II evaluated the pharmacodynamic effects of vanucizumab 30 or 15 mg/kg every 2 weeks in 32 patients. Serial plasma samples, paired tumor, and skin-wound-healing biopsies were taken over 29 days to evaluate angiogenic markers. Vanucizumab was associated with marked post-infusion reductions in circulating unbound VEGF-A and Ang-2. By day 29, tumor samples revealed mean reductions in density of microvessels (-32.2%), proliferating vessels (-47.9%) and Ang-2 positive vessels (-62.5%). Skin biopsies showed a mean reduction in density of microvessels (-49.0%) and proliferating vessels (-25.7%). Gene expression profiling of tumor samples implied recruitment and potential activation of lymphocytes. Biopsies were safely conducted. Vanucizumab demonstrated a consistent biological effect on vascular-related biomarkers, confirming proof of concept. Skin-wound-healing biopsies were a valuable surrogate for studying angiogenesis-related mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Heil
- Roche Innovation Center Munich, Nonnenwald 2, 82377 Penzberg, Germany.
| | - Galina Babitzki
- Roche Innovation Center Munich, Nonnenwald 2, 82377 Penzberg, Germany.
| | | | | | - Manuel Hidalgo
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine and New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, USA.
| | | | | | - Christophe Le Tourneau
- Department of Drug Development and Innovation, Institut Curie, Paris & Saint-Cloud, France; INSERM U900 Research unit, Institut Curie, Saint-Cloud, France; Versailles-Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines University, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France.
| | | | - Peter Gerber
- Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | | | - Oliver Krieter
- Roche Innovation Center Munich, Nonnenwald 2, 82377 Penzberg, Germany.
| | - Angelika Lahr
- Roche Innovation Center Munich, Nonnenwald 2, 82377 Penzberg, Germany.
| | - Norbert Wild
- Roche Centralized and Point of Care Solutions, Penzberg, Germany.
| | | | - Katharina Lechner
- Roche Innovation Center Munich, Nonnenwald 2, 82377 Penzberg, Germany.
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Bendell JC, Sauri T, Gracián AC, Alvarez R, López‐López C, García‐Alfonso P, Hussein M, Miron ML, Cervantes A, Montagut C, Vivas CS, Bessudo A, Plezia P, Moons V, Andel J, Bennouna J, van der Westhuizen A, Samuel L, Rossomanno S, Boetsch C, Lahr A, Franjkovic I, Heil F, Lechner K, Krieter O, Hurwitz H. The McCAVE Trial: Vanucizumab plus mFOLFOX-6 Versus Bevacizumab plus mFOLFOX-6 in Patients with Previously Untreated Metastatic Colorectal Carcinoma (mCRC). Oncologist 2019; 25:e451-e459. [PMID: 32162804 PMCID: PMC7066709 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2019-0291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bevacizumab, a VEGF‐A inhibitor, in combination with chemotherapy, has proven to increase progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival in multiple lines of therapy of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). The angiogenic factor angiopoetin‐2 (Ang‐2) is associated with poor prognosis in many cancers, including mCRC. Preclinical models demonstrate improved activity when inhibiting both VEGF‐A and Ang‐2, suggesting that the dual VEGF‐A and Ang‐2 blocker vanucizumab (RO5520985 or RG‐7221) may improve clinical outcomes. This phase II trial evaluated the efficacy of vanucizumab plus modified (m)FOLFOX‐6 (folinic acid (leucovorin), fluorouracil (5‐FU) and oxaliplatin) versus bevacizumab/mFOLFOX‐6 for first‐line mCRC. Patients and Methods All patients received mFOLFOX‐6 and were randomized 1:1 to also receive vanucizumab 2,000 mg or bevacizumab 5 mg/kg every other week. Oxaliplatin was given for eight cycles; other agents were continued until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity for a maximum of 24 months. The primary endpoint was investigator‐assessed PFS. Results One hundred eighty‐nine patients were randomized (vanucizumab, n = 94; bevacizumab, n = 95). The number of PFS events was comparable (vanucizumab, n = 39; bevacizumab, n = 43). The hazard ratio was 1.00 (95% confidence interval, 0.64–1.58; p = .98) in a stratified analysis based on number of metastatic sites and region. Objective response rate was 52.1% and 57.9% in the vanucizumab and bevacizumab arm, respectively. Baseline plasma Ang‐2 levels were prognostic in both arms but not predictive for treatment effects on PFS of vanucizumab. The incidence of adverse events of grade ≥3 was similar between treatment arms (83.9% vs. 82.1%); gastrointestinal perforations (10.8% vs. 8.4%) exceeded previously reported rates in this setting. Hypertension and peripheral edema were more frequent in the vanucizumab arm. Conclusion Vanucizumab/mFOLFOX‐6 did not improve PFS and was associated with increased rates of antiangiogenic toxicity compared with bevacizumab/mFOLFOX‐6. Our results suggest that Ang‐2 is not a relevant therapeutic target in first‐line mCRC. Implications for Practice This randomized phase II study demonstrates that additional angiopoietin‐2 (Ang‐2) inhibition does not result in superior benefit over anti–VEGF‐A blockade alone when each added to standard chemotherapy. Moreover, the performed pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic analysis revealed that vanucizumab was bioavailable and affected its intended target, thereby strongly suggesting that Ang‐2 is not a relevant therapeutic target in the clinical setting of treatment‐naïve metastatic colorectal cancer. As a result, the further clinical development of the dual VEGF‐A and Ang‐2 inhibitor vanucizumab was discontinued. This phase II trial evaluated the efficacy of vanucizumab plus mFOLFOX‐6 versus bevacizumab/mFOLFOX‐6 in the first‐line setting of metastatic colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna C. Bendell
- Sarah Cannon Research Institute and Tennessee OncologyNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | | | | | - Rafael Alvarez
- Centro Integral Oncológico Clara Campal, Hospital Madrid Norte SanchinarroMadridSpain
| | | | | | | | | | - Andrés Cervantes
- Department of Medical Oncology, Biomedical Research Institute, INCLIVA, University of ValenciaValenciaSpain
| | | | - Cristina Santos Vivas
- Institut Català d'Oncologia and L'Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de LlobregatSpain
| | - Alberto Bessudo
- California Cancer Associates for Research and ExcellenceSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Leslie Samuel
- Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, University of AberdeenAberdeenUnited Kingdom
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Menke-van der Houven van Oordt CW, Gomez-Roca C, van Herpen C, Coveler AL, Mahalingam D, Verheul HMW, van der Graaf WTA, Christen R, Rüttinger D, Weigand S, Cannarile MA, Heil F, Brewster M, Walz AC, Nayak TK, Guarin E, Meresse V, Le Tourneau C. First-in-human phase I clinical trial of RG7356, an anti-CD44 humanized antibody, in patients with advanced, CD44-expressing solid tumors. Oncotarget 2018; 7:80046-80058. [PMID: 27507056 PMCID: PMC5346770 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Transmembrane glycoprotein CD44 is overexpressed in various malignancies. Interactions between CD44 and hyaluronic acid are associated with poor prognosis, making CD44 an attractive therapeutic target. We report results from a first-in-human phase I trial of RG7356, a recombinant anti-CD44 immunoglobulin G1 humanized monoclonal antibody, in patients with advanced CD44-expressing solid malignancies. Sixty-five heavily pretreated patients not amenable to standard therapy were enrolled and received RG7356 intravenously biweekly (q2w) or weekly (qw) in escalating doses from 100 mg to 2,250 mg. RG7356 was well tolerated. Most frequent adverse events were fever, headache and fatigue. Dose-limiting toxicities included headache (1,500 mg q2w and 1,350 mg qw) and febrile neutropenia (2,250 mg q2w). The maximum tolerated dose with q2w dosing was 1,500 mg, but was not defined for qw dosing due to early study termination. Clinical efficacy was modest; 13/61 patients (21%) experienced disease stabilization lasting a median of 12 (range, 6–35) weeks. No apparent dose- or dose schedule-dependent changes in biological activity were reported from blood or tissue analyses. Tumor-targeting by positron emission tomography (PET) using 89Zr-labeled RG7356 was observed for doses ≥200 mg (q2w) warranting further investigation of this agent in combination regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carlos Gomez-Roca
- Clinical Research Unit, Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Claudius Regaud, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse - Oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Andrew L Coveler
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Devalingam Mahalingam
- Cancer Therapy and Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Henk M W Verheul
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Randolph Christen
- Product Development, Safety Risk Management, Roche, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dominik Rüttinger
- Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Weigand
- Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Michael A Cannarile
- Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Florian Heil
- Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Michael Brewster
- Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Centre, Welwyn, UK
| | - Antje-Christine Walz
- Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tapan K Nayak
- Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ernesto Guarin
- Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Valerie Meresse
- Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christophe Le Tourneau
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Curie, Saint-Cloud & Paris, France.,Versailles-Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines University, Versailles, France
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6
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Jauw YWS, Huisman MC, Nayak TK, Vugts DJ, Christen R, Naegelen VM, Ruettinger D, Heil F, Lammertsma AA, Verheul HMW, Hoekstra OS, van Dongen GAMS, Menke-van der Houven van Oordt CW. Assessment of target-mediated uptake with immuno-PET: analysis of a phase I clinical trial with an anti-CD44 antibody. EJNMMI Res 2018; 8:6. [PMID: 29356983 PMCID: PMC5778091 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-018-0358-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ideally, monoclonal antibodies provide selective treatment by targeting the tumour, without affecting normal tissues. Therefore, antibody imaging is of interest, preferably in early stages of drug development. However, the imaging signal consists of specific, as well as non-specific, uptake. The aim of this study was to assess specific, target-mediated uptake in normal tissues, with immuno-PET in a phase I dose escalation study, using the anti-CD44 antibody RG7356 as example. RESULTS Data from thirteen patients with CD44-expressing solid tumours included in an imaging sub-study of a phase I dose escalation clinical trial using the anti-CD44 antibody RG7356 was analysed. 89Zirconium-labelled RG7356 (1 mg; 37 MBq) was administered after a variable dose of unlabelled RG7356 (0 to 675 mg). Tracer uptake in normal tissues (liver, spleen, kidney, lung, bone marrow, brain and blood pool) was used to calculate the area under the time antibody concentration curve (AUC) and expressed as tissue-to-blood AUC ratios. Within the dose range of 1 to 450 mg, tissue-to-blood AUC ratios decreased from 10.6 to 0.75 ± 0.16 for the spleen, 7.5 to 0.86 ± 0.18 for the liver, 3.6 to 0.48 ± 0.13 for the bone marrow, 0.69 to 0.26 ± 0.1 for the lung and 1.29 to 0.56 ± 0.14 for the kidney, indicating dose-dependent uptake. In all patients receiving ≥ 450 mg (n = 7), tumour uptake of the antibody was observed. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates how immuno-PET in a dose escalation study provides a non-invasive technique to quantify dose-dependent uptake in normal tissues, indicating specific, target-mediated uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne W S Jauw
- Department of Hematology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Marc C Huisman
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tapan K Nayak
- Department of Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Danielle J Vugts
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Randolph Christen
- Department of Product Development, Safety Risk Management, Roche, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Valerie Meresse Naegelen
- Department of Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dominik Ruettinger
- Department of Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center, Munich, Germany
| | - Florian Heil
- Department of Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center, Munich, Germany
| | - Adriaan A Lammertsma
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Henk M W Verheul
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Otto S Hoekstra
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Guus A M S van Dongen
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Hidalgo M, Martinez-Garcia M, Le Tourneau C, Massard C, Garralda E, Boni V, Taus A, Albanell J, Sablin MP, Alt M, Bahleda R, Varga A, Boetsch C, Franjkovic I, Heil F, Lahr A, Lechner K, Morel A, Nayak T, Rossomanno S, Smart K, Stubenrauch K, Krieter O. First-in-Human Phase I Study of Single-agent Vanucizumab, A First-in-Class Bispecific Anti-Angiopoietin-2/Anti-VEGF-A Antibody, in Adult Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 24:1536-1545. [PMID: 29217526 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-1588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Vanucizumab is an investigational antiangiogenic, first-in-class, bispecific mAb targeting VEGF-A and angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2). This first-in-human study evaluated the safety, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and antitumor activity of vanucizumab in adults with advanced solid tumors refractory to standard therapies.Experimental Design: Patients received escalating biweekly (3-30 mg/kg) or weekly (10-30 mg/kg) intravenous doses guided by a Bayesian logistic regression model with overdose control.Results: Forty-two patients were treated. One dose-limiting toxicity, a fatal pulmonary hemorrhage from a large centrally located mediastinal mass judged possibly related to vanucizumab, occurred with the 19 mg/kg biweekly dose. Arterial hypertension (59.5%), asthenia (42.9%), and headache (31%) were the most common toxicities. Seventeen (41%) patients experienced treatment-related grade ≥3 toxicities. Toxicity was generally higher with weekly than biweekly dosing. A MTD of vanucizumab was not reached in either schedule. Pharmacokinetics were dose-linear with an elimination half-life of 6-9 days. All patients had reduced plasma levels of free VEGF-A and Ang-2; most had reductions in KTRANS (measured by dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI). Two patients (renal cell and colon cancer) treated with 30 mg/kg achieved confirmed partial responses. Ten patients were without disease progression for ≥6 months. A flat-fixed 2,000 mg biweekly dose (phamacokinetically equivalent to 30 mg/kg biweekly) was recommended for further investigation.Conclusions: Biweekly vanucizumab had an acceptable safety and tolerability profile consistent with single-agent use of selective inhibitors of the VEGF-A and Ang/Tie2 pathway. Vanucizumab modulated its angiogenic targets, impacted tumor vascularity, and demonstrated encouraging antitumor activity in this heterogeneous population. Clin Cancer Res; 24(7); 1536-45. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Hidalgo
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), Madrid, Spain. .,START Madrid-CIOCC, HM Sanchinarro, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Alvaro Taus
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital del Mar., Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Albanell
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital del Mar., Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marie-Paule Sablin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Curie, Saint-Cloud and Paris, France
| | - Marie Alt
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Curie, Saint-Cloud and Paris, France
| | - Ratislav Bahleda
- Department of Drug Development, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Andrea Varga
- Department of Drug Development, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | | | | | - Florian Heil
- Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Tapan Nayak
- Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Kevin Smart
- Roche Innovation Center Welwyn, Welwyn Garden City, United Kingdom
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8
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Oaknin A, Vergote I, Ray-Coquard I, Leary A, Rodriguez Freixinos V, Concin N, Toussaint P, Massard C, Fariñas-Madrid L, Van Nieuwenhuysen E, Lahr A, Franjkovic I, Rossomanno S, Gerber P, Nayak T, Heil F, Boetsch C, Sahbi A, Longauer K, Krieter O. Vanucizumab (VAN) in combination with atezolizumab (ATEZO) for platinum-resistant recurrent ovarian cancer (PROC): Results from a single arm extension phase of the phase I study BP28179. Ann Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx372.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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9
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Birzele F, Voss E, Nopora A, Honold K, Heil F, Lohmann S, Verheul H, Le Tourneau C, Delord JP, van Herpen C, Mahalingam D, Coveler AL, Meresse V, Weigand S, Runza V, Cannarile M. CD44 Isoform Status Predicts Response to Treatment with Anti-CD44 Antibody in Cancer Patients. Clin Cancer Res 2015; 21:2753-62. [PMID: 25762343 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-2141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE CD44, a cell surface glycoprotein, plays important roles in the development, progression, and metastasis of various tumor types. The aim of this study was to investigate how the expression of CD44 isoforms influences the interaction with hyaluronic acid (HA) and how differential isoform expression impacts antitumoral responses in vivo to treatment with RG7356, a humanized anti-CD44 antibody inhibiting CD44-HA interaction. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN CD44 isoform expression on various tumor cell lines was analyzed by RNASeq while data on patients with different tumor types were obtained from the publicly available TCGA RNASeq dataset as well as a phase I clinical study (NCT01358903). We analyzed the link between HA production and CD44 isoform expression as well as the consequences of blocking the CD44-mediated cell adhesion to HA using RG7356. The correlation between CD44 isoform expression and antitumor response to RG7356 treatment was investigated in the corresponding murine xenograft in vivo models as well as in a subset of patients treated with RG7356 from a recently completed phase I clinical trial. RESULTS CD44 isoform expression, in particular expression of CD44s, is associated with HA production and predicts response to treatment with RG7356 in tumor xenograft models. Furthermore, patient data suggest that CD44 isoform status is a potential predictive biomarker for clinical response to treatment with RG7356. CONCLUSIONS We provide new insights into the close interplay between CD44 and HA and a potential biomarker to enrich patient responses to RG7356 in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Birzele
- Roche Innovation Center Penzberg, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Penzberg, Germany.
| | - Edgar Voss
- Roche Innovation Center Penzberg, Oncology Division, Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Adam Nopora
- Roche Innovation Center Penzberg, Oncology Division, Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Konrad Honold
- Roche Innovation Center Penzberg, Oncology Division, Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Florian Heil
- Roche Innovation Center Penzberg, Oncology Division, Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Sabine Lohmann
- Roche Innovation Center Penzberg, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Henk Verheul
- VU MEDISCH CENTRUM, Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Carla van Herpen
- UMC St Radboud, Medical Oncology Department, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Valerie Meresse
- Roche innovation Center Basel, Oncology Division, Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Weigand
- Roche Innovation Center Penzberg, Large Molecule Research, Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Valeria Runza
- Roche Innovation Center Penzberg, Oncology Division, Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Michael Cannarile
- Roche Innovation Center Penzberg, Oncology Division, Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Penzberg, Germany
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10
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Cannarile MA, Habben K, Heil F, Broeske AM, Ruettinger D, Culton L, Feuerhake F, Ries CH. Abstract 4719: Exploratory biomarker program in Phase I clinical development of RG7155, a novel humanized anti-CSF-1R Mab, targeting Tumor Associated Macrophages (TAMs). Cancer Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2013-4719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Early Phase I clinical development of RG7155, a humanized anti-CSF-1R monoclonal antibody binding to dimerization interface of CSF-1 receptor and inducing apoptosis in CSF-1R expressing macrophages is accompanied by an extensive biomarker program. Phase I biosampling aims to enable monitoring of mode of action, drug efficacy and potential tumor escape mechanisms by identifying response prediction and mechanistic efficacy markers and therefore to support optimal biological dose (OBD) definition and patient stratification for subsequent clinical testing.
One biomarker hypothesis to support potential patient stratification assumes that response to treatment with RG7155 is enhanced in tumors with high CSF-1R positive macrophage infiltration and with high CSF-1 levels in the peripheral blood as the basis for tumor promoting macrophage recruitment and differentiation. The Phase I biomarker program comprises extensive biosampling including mandatory fresh baseline and on treatment tumor, skin biopsies as well as peripheral blood sampling to identify and monitor pharmacodynamic as well as mechanistic efficacy markers.
Pre- and on-treatment tumor tissue analysis involves tumor infiltrating macrophage subtype characterization via CD68/CD163/CSF-1R/MHC II, CD4 and CD8 T cell assessment by multiplex IHC assays. In order to detect early tissue response prediction markers in surrogate tissue, wound associated macrophages (WAMs) are assessed in wounded skin tissue samples. Further, systematic collection of peripheral blood samples before and during RG7155 administration aims at identifying CSF-1R expressing target populations, other potential RG7155 susceptible immune cell populations by flow cytometry using CD8/CD4/CD3/CD45/MHC II/CD14/CD16/CD56/CD19 markers and an extended cytokine profiling by Luminex 17-plex panel. These markers will be correlated to direct anti-tumor effects assessed using KI67 IHC, FDG-PET, DC-Ultrasound and clinical response.
Here we describe the development of the clinical biomarker strategy based on preclinical data and the specific assay developments, to enable the selection of the OBD, the correlation of TAM elimination with anti-tumor effects and the optimization of the biomarker sampling to minimize the burden of diagnostic procedures for patients in future clinical trials.
Citation Format: Michael A. Cannarile, Kai Habben, Florian Heil, Ann-Marie Broeske, Dominik Ruettinger, Lisa Culton, Friedrich Feuerhake, Carola H. Ries. Exploratory biomarker program in Phase I clinical development of RG7155, a novel humanized anti-CSF-1R Mab, targeting Tumor Associated Macrophages (TAMs). [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4719. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4719
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kai Habben
- 1pRED Oncology, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Florian Heil
- 1pRED Oncology, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany
| | | | | | - Lisa Culton
- 1pRED Oncology, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany
| | | | - Carola H. Ries
- 1pRED Oncology, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany
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Ray-Coquard IL, Blay J, Italiano A, Le Cesne A, Penel N, Zhi J, Beryozkina A, Heil F, Rueger R, Nichols GL, Bui Nguyen B. Neoadjuvant MDM2 antagonist RG7112 for well-differentiated and dedifferentiated liposarcomas (WD/DD LPS): A pharmacodynamic (PD) biomarker study. J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.10007b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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12
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Ivemeyer S, Maeschli A, Walkenhorst M, Klocke P, Heil F, Oser S, Notz C. [Effects of a two-year dairy herd health management programme on udder health, use of antibiotics and longevity]. SCHWEIZ ARCH TIERH 2008; 150:499-505. [PMID: 18821509 DOI: 10.1024/0036-7281.150.10.499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Since 2003, the Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL) is realizing a herd health management programme ("pro-Q" project) focussing on udder health. The objectives of the project are: (1) to reduce antibiotic mastitis treatments, (2) to optimise udder health and (3) to improve longevity, measured as averaged number of herd lactations. The farms get expert advice in prevention and treatment on herd- and animal-level. After 2 years, treatment recordings of the 65 investigated farms showed that antibiotic mastitis therapies were reduced from 38 to 26 treatments per 100 cows and year (equals a reduction of 32%). Lactation numbers of the herds increased significantly by 0.2 lactations from 3.3 to 3.5 lactations per cow. Udder health remained constant over all farms during 2 years: theoretical bulk milk cell counts averaged constantly at around 180000 cells/ml. Improvement of udder health on farm level was significantly influenced by higher somatic cell count when the project started and enhanced by farmer's motivation and farm-veterinarians' commitment to the project.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ivemeyer
- Forschungsinstitut für biologischen Landbau (FiBL), Frick.
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Abstract
Integrated herd health management is an effective method to improve animal health as mastitis and fertility disorders in dairy herds. For optimizing the costs and work load for the herd health management, it is necessary to have a data tool that enables a quick and comfortable data handling and provides practicable handouts for extension. The Research Institute of Organic Agriculture in Switzerland (FiBL) has developed such a database-system for the animal health management project "pro-Q". Objective of this database is to combine external available and on-farm collected data and to provide routine tools on herd and cow level (incl. udder quarter level) for farmers, veterinarians and advisers. These tools should give a comprehensive overview over the animal health situation of the herd and the single animal level. Furthermore, the database presented in this article, meets the requirements of a multi-user system with remote-access which enables different instances to gain the requested information.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ivemeyer
- Forschungsinstitut für biologischen Landbau, Frick.
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14
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Heil F, Hemmi H, Hochrein H, Ampenberger F, Kirschning C, Akira S, Lipford G, Wagner H, Bauer S. Species-specific recognition of single-stranded RNA via toll-like receptor 7 and 8. Science 2004; 303:1526-9. [PMID: 14976262 DOI: 10.1126/science.1093620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2752] [Impact Index Per Article: 137.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Double-stranded ribonucleic acid (dsRNA) serves as a danger signal associated with viral infection and leads to stimulation of innate immune cells. In contrast, the immunostimulatory potential of single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) is poorly understood and innate immune receptors for ssRNA are unknown. We report that guanosine (G)- and uridine (U)-rich ssRNA oligonucleotides derived from human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) stimulate dendritic cells (DC) and macrophages to secrete interferon-alpha and proinflammatory, as well as regulatory, cytokines. By using Toll-like receptor (TLR)-deficient mice and genetic complementation, we show that murine TLR7 and human TLR8 mediate species-specific recognition of GU-rich ssRNA. These data suggest that ssRNA represents a physiological ligand for TLR7 and TLR8.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing
- Animals
- Antigens, Differentiation/metabolism
- Base Sequence
- Cytokines/biosynthesis
- Dendritic Cells/immunology
- Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated
- Genetic Complementation Test
- Guanosine/analysis
- HIV-1/genetics
- HIV-1/immunology
- Humans
- Interferon-alpha/biosynthesis
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/immunology
- Macrophages/immunology
- Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics
- Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88
- Oligoribonucleotides/chemistry
- Oligoribonucleotides/immunology
- Quaternary Ammonium Compounds
- RNA, Viral/chemistry
- RNA, Viral/immunology
- RNA, Viral/metabolism
- Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics
- Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism
- Receptors, Immunologic/metabolism
- Species Specificity
- Thionucleotides/chemistry
- Thionucleotides/immunology
- Toll-Like Receptor 7
- Toll-Like Receptor 8
- Toll-Like Receptors
- Transfection
- Uridine/analysis
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Heil
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Trogerstr. 9, D - 81675 Munich, Germany
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15
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Heil F, Ahmad-Nejad P, Hemmi H, Hochrein H, Ampenberger F, Gellert T, Dietrich H, Lipford G, Takeda K, Akira S, Wagner H, Bauer S. The Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7)-specific stimulus loxoribine uncovers a strong relationship within the TLR7, 8 and 9 subfamily. Eur J Immunol 2003; 33:2987-97. [PMID: 14579267 DOI: 10.1002/eji.200324238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 378] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Loxoribine (7-allyl-7,8-dihydro-8-oxo-guanosine) acts as synthetic adjuvant in anti-tumor responses. Here we first demonstrate that loxoribine activates cells of the innate immune system selectively via the Toll-like receptor (TLR) 7/MyD88-dependent signaling pathway. TLR7- and MyD88-deficient immune cells fail to proliferate or produce cytokines in response to loxoribine, and genetic complementation of TLR7-deficient cells with murine or human TLR7 confers responsiveness. Subsequently we show that cellular activation by loxoribine and resiquimod (R-848), a stimulus for TLR7 and TLR8, depends on acidification and maturation of endosomes and targets MyD88 to vesicular structures with lysosomal characteristics. This mode of TLR7 and TLR8 action resembles CpG-DNA-driven TLR9 activation. We thus conclude that TLR7, 8 and 9 form a functional subgroup within the TLR family that recognizes pathogen-associated molecular patterns in endosomal/lysosomal compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Heil
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Hygiene and Immunology, Munich, Germany
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Jurk M, Heil F, Vollmer J, Schetter C, Krieg AM, Wagner H, Lipford G, Bauer S. Human TLR7 or TLR8 independently confer responsiveness to the antiviral compound R-848. Nat Immunol 2002; 3:499. [PMID: 12032557 DOI: 10.1038/ni0602-499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 707] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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17
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Heil F, Dumont JP. Caractéristiques organoleptiques de fromages de chèvre fabriqués à partir de laits contenant des variants génétiques différents de la caséine αs1. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1051/lait:19935-653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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