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Roulier M, Carasco L, Orjollet D, Bueno M, Pannier F, Le Hécho I, Nicolas M, Coppin F. Iodine distribution and volatilization in contrasting forms of forest humus during a laboratory incubation experiment. J Environ Radioact 2022; 248:106872. [PMID: 35430501 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2022.106872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Radionuclides 129I (t1/2 = 15.7 × 106 years) and 131I (t1/2 = 8.02 days) are both introduced into the environment as a result of nuclear human activities. Environmental transfer pathways and fluxes between and within ecosystems are essential information for risk assessment. In forest ecosystems, humus degradation over time could result in re-mobilization and then downward migration and/or volatilization of intercepted 129I. In order to estimate the scale of these processes, humus (mull and moder forms) sampled under deciduous and coniferous forests were spiked with 125I- (t1/2 = 59.4 days), as a surrogate for 129I, in order to study the evolution of its water-soluble and organic fractions as well as the volatilization rate during humus degradation at laboratory scale. To our knowledge, this is the first time that interactions between iodine and contrasting forms of forest humus have been investigated. The evolution of native stable iodine (127I) pools in unspiked humus was also studied. The nature of the humus' organic matter appears to be a factor that impacts on the proportions of water-soluble and organic fractions of iodine and on their evolution. Iodine-125 was mainly organically bound (fraction for mulls and moders: ∼54-59 and 41-49%, respectively) and no clear evolution was observed within the 4-month incubation period. A large decrease in 125I water-solubility occurred, being more marked for mull (from ∼14-32 to 3-7%) than for moder (from ∼21-37 to 7-19%) humus. By contrast, a significant fraction was not extractible (∼38-43%) and varied in inverse proportion to the water-soluble fraction, suggesting a stabilization of iodine in humus after wet deposit. The nature of the humus organic matter also impacted on 125I volatilization. Although of the same order of magnitude, the total volatilization of 125I was higher for moders (∼0.039-0.323%) than for mulls (∼0.015-0.023%) within the 4-month incubation period. Volatilization rates for mulls were correlated with the water-soluble fraction, implying that volatilization of 125I could occur from the humus solution. Our results showed that humus is thus a zone of iodine accumulation by association with organic matter and that potential losses by lixiviation are significantly more important compared to volatilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Roulier
- Institute of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety IRSN, PSE-ENV/SRTE/LR2T, CE Cadarache, 13115, Saint Paul les Durance Cedex, France; CNRS/Univ. Pau & Pays de l'Adour/E2S UPPA, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux, UMR 5254, Avenue du Président Angot, 64000, Pau, France.
| | - Loïc Carasco
- Institute of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety IRSN, PSE-ENV/SRTE/LR2T, CE Cadarache, 13115, Saint Paul les Durance Cedex, France.
| | - Daniel Orjollet
- Institute of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety IRSN, PSE-ENV/SRTE/LR2T, CE Cadarache, 13115, Saint Paul les Durance Cedex, France.
| | - Maïté Bueno
- CNRS/Univ. Pau & Pays de l'Adour/E2S UPPA, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux, UMR 5254, Avenue du Président Angot, 64000, Pau, France.
| | - Florence Pannier
- CNRS/Univ. Pau & Pays de l'Adour/E2S UPPA, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux, UMR 5254, Avenue du Président Angot, 64000, Pau, France.
| | - Isabelle Le Hécho
- CNRS/Univ. Pau & Pays de l'Adour/E2S UPPA, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux, UMR 5254, Avenue du Président Angot, 64000, Pau, France.
| | - Manuel Nicolas
- Office National des Forêts ONF, Direction forêts et risques naturels, Département recherche, développement, innovation, Boulevard de Constance, 77300, Fontainebleau, France.
| | - Frédéric Coppin
- Institute of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety IRSN, PSE-ENV/SRTE/LR2T, CE Cadarache, 13115, Saint Paul les Durance Cedex, France.
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Flouret A, Henner P, Coppin F, Pierrisnard S, Carasco L, Février L. Cesium transfer to millet and mustard as a function of Cs availability in soils. J Environ Radioact 2022; 243:106800. [PMID: 34959109 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2021.106800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
137Cs is one of the most persistent radioactive contaminants in soil after a nuclear accident. It can be taken up by plants and enter the human food chain generating a potential human health hazard. Although a large amount of literature has highlighted the role of the different processes involved in Cs uptake by plants, there is still no simple way to predict its transfer for a specific plant from a particular soil. Based on the assumption that the concentration ratio (CR) of Cs can be predicted from one plant taxon if the CR of another taxon is known and taken as reference, whatever the supporting soils, a series of plant/soil Cs transfer experiments were performed on Rhizotest during 21 days using three soils with different textures, clay and organic matter contents and two plants (millet and mustard) with potentially contrasting Cs uptake capacity based on their phylogeny. CRs of each plant varied by 2-3 orders of magnitude depending on the soil and contrary to expectations, the CRs of mustard were either higher (for clay soil), equal (for clay-loam soil) or lower (for sandy soil) than the one of millet. Considering Cs availability in soils and defining a new CR based on the amount of Cs available in the soil (CRavail) decreased the range of variation in CR between the different soil types for a given plant by one order of magnitude. Differences in Cs (and K) translocation to shoots, possibly specific to millet within Poales, could partly explain the relative CRs of millet and mustard as a function of soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Flouret
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sureté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-ENV, SRTE/LR2T, B.P.3, 13115, Saint Paul-lez-Durance Cedex, France
| | - P Henner
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sureté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-ENV, SRTE/LR2T, B.P.3, 13115, Saint Paul-lez-Durance Cedex, France
| | - F Coppin
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sureté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-ENV, SRTE/LR2T, B.P.3, 13115, Saint Paul-lez-Durance Cedex, France
| | - S Pierrisnard
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sureté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-ENV, SRTE/LR2T, B.P.3, 13115, Saint Paul-lez-Durance Cedex, France
| | - L Carasco
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sureté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-ENV, SRTE/LR2T, B.P.3, 13115, Saint Paul-lez-Durance Cedex, France
| | - L Février
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sureté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-ENV, SRTE/LR2T, B.P.3, 13115, Saint Paul-lez-Durance Cedex, France.
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Masson O, Romanenko O, Saunier O, Kirieiev S, Protsak V, Laptev G, Voitsekhovych O, Durand V, Coppin F, Steinhauser G, de Vismes Ott A, Renaud P, Didier D, Boulet B, Morin M, Hýža M, Camps J, Belyaeva O, Dalheimer A, Eleftheriadis K, Gascó-Leonarte C, Ioannidou A, Isajenko K, Karhunen T, Kastlander J, Katzlberger C, Kierepko R, Knetsch GJ, Kónyi JK, Mietelski JW, Mirsch M, Møller B, Nikolić JK, Povinec PP, Rusconi R, Samsonov V, Sýkora I, Simion E, Steinmann P, Stoulos S, Suarez-Navarro JA, Wershofen H, Zapata-García D, Zorko B. Europe-Wide Atmospheric Radionuclide Dispersion by Unprecedented Wildfires in the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone, April 2020. Environ Sci Technol 2021; 55:13834-13848. [PMID: 34585576 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c03314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
From early April 2020, wildfires raged in the highly contaminated areas around the Chernobyl nuclear power plant (CNPP), Ukraine. For about 4 weeks, the fires spread around and into the Chernobyl exclusion zone (CEZ) and came within a few kilometers of both the CNPP and radioactive waste storage facilities. Wildfires occurred on several occasions throughout the month of April. They were extinguished, but weather conditions and the spread of fires by airborne embers and smoldering fires led to new fires starting at different locations of the CEZ. The forest fires were only completely under control at the beginning of May, thanks to the tireless and incessant work of the firefighters and a period of sustained precipitation. In total, 0.7-1.2 TBq 137Cs were released into the atmosphere. Smoke plumes partly spread south and west and contributed to the detection of airborne 137Cs over the Ukrainian territory and as far away as Western Europe. The increase in airborne 137Cs ranged from several hundred μBq·m-3 in northern Ukraine to trace levels of a few μBq·m-3 or even within the usual background level in other European countries. Dispersion modeling determined the plume arrival time and was helpful in the assessment of the possible increase in airborne 137Cs concentrations in Europe. Detections of airborne 90Sr (emission estimate 345-612 GBq) and Pu (up to 75 GBq, mostly 241Pu) were reported from the CEZ. Americium-241 represented only 1.4% of the total source term corresponding to the studied anthropogenic radionuclides but would have contributed up to 80% of the inhalation dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Masson
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Fontenay-Aux-Roses 92260, France
| | | | - Olivier Saunier
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Fontenay-Aux-Roses 92260, France
| | - Serhii Kirieiev
- State Specialized Enterprise Ecocentre (SSE ECOCENTRE), Chornobyl, Kiev region 07270, Ukraine
| | - Valentin Protsak
- Ukrainian Hydrometeorological Institute (UHMI), Kyiv 03028, Ukraine
| | - Gennady Laptev
- Ukrainian Hydrometeorological Institute (UHMI), Kyiv 03028, Ukraine
| | | | - Vanessa Durand
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Fontenay-Aux-Roses 92260, France
| | - Frédéric Coppin
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Fontenay-Aux-Roses 92260, France
| | - Georg Steinhauser
- Institute of Radioecology and Radiation Protection, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover 30419, Germany
| | - Anne de Vismes Ott
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Fontenay-Aux-Roses 92260, France
| | - Philippe Renaud
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Fontenay-Aux-Roses 92260, France
| | - Damien Didier
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Fontenay-Aux-Roses 92260, France
| | - Béatrice Boulet
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Fontenay-Aux-Roses 92260, France
| | - Maxime Morin
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Fontenay-Aux-Roses 92260, France
| | - Miroslav Hýža
- National Radiation Protection Institute (SÚRO), Prague 4 140 00, Czech Republic
| | - Johan Camps
- StudieCentrum voor Kernenergie - Centre d'Etude de l'Energie Nucléaire (SCK-CEN), Mol 2400, Belgium
| | - Olga Belyaeva
- Department of Radioecology, Center for Ecological-Noosphere Studies (NAS RA), Yerevan 0025, Armenia
| | | | - Konstantinos Eleftheriadis
- Institute of Nuclear and Radiological Sciences & Technology, Energy & Safety, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Athens 15310, Greece
| | - Catalina Gascó-Leonarte
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Unidad de Radioactividad Ambiental y Vigilancia Radiológica, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Alexandra Ioannidou
- Nuclear Physics and Elementary Particle Physics Division, Physics Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Krzysztof Isajenko
- Central Laboratory for Radiological Protection (CLRP), Warsaw, PL 03-194, Poland
| | - Tero Karhunen
- Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority (STUK), PL 14, Helsinki 00881, Finland
| | | | - Christian Katzlberger
- Department of Radiation Protection and Technical Quality Assurance, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), Vienna 1220, Austria
| | - Renata Kierepko
- The Henryk Nievodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics (IFJ), Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków 31-342,Poland
| | - Gert-Jan Knetsch
- National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), P.O. Box 1, Bilthoven, BA NL-3720, The Netherlands
| | - Júlia Kövendiné Kónyi
- Department of Radiobiology and Radiohygiene (NNK SSFO), National Public Health Center, Budapest H-1221, Hungary
| | - Jerzy Wojciech Mietelski
- The Henryk Nievodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics (IFJ), Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków 31-342,Poland
| | | | - Bredo Møller
- Emergency Preparedness and Response, Norwegian Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority (DSA), Svanvik NO-9925, Norway
| | - Jelena Krneta Nikolić
- Department of Radiation and Environmental Protection, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Belgrade 11351, Serbia
| | - Pavel Peter Povinec
- Department of Nuclear Physics and Biophysics, Comenius University, Bratislava 842 48, Slovakia
| | - Rosella Rusconi
- Centro Regionale Radioprotezione, Agenzia Regionale per la Protezione dell'Ambiente della Lombardia (ARPA Lombardia), 20124 Milan, Italy
| | - Vladimir Samsonov
- National Center for Hydrometeorology, Radioactive Contamination Control, and Environmental Monitoring (BELHYDROMET), Minsk, 220114, Belarus
| | - Ivan Sýkora
- Department of Nuclear Physics and Biophysics, Comenius University, Bratislava 842 48, Slovakia
| | - Elena Simion
- National Environmental Protection Agency (NEPA), National Reference Laboratory, Bucharest 060031, Romania
| | - Philipp Steinmann
- Federal Office of Public Health (FOPH - OFSP), Environmental Radioactivity Section, Liebefeld CH-3097, Switzerland
| | - Stylianos Stoulos
- Nuclear Physics and Elementary Particle Physics Division, Physics Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - José Antonio Suarez-Navarro
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Unidad de Radioactividad Ambiental y Vigilancia Radiológica, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Herbert Wershofen
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig 38116, Germany
| | | | - Benjamin Zorko
- Institut "Jozef Stefan" (IJS), Ljubljana SI-100, Slovenia
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Février L, Coppin F, Pierrisnard S, Bourdillon M, Nguyen LV, Zaiter N, Brandès S, Sladkov V, Chambron JC, Meyer M. Efficiency of dihydroxamic and trihydroxamic siderochelates to extract uranium and plutonium from contaminated soils. J Environ Radioact 2021; 235-236:106645. [PMID: 34020181 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2021.106645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Actinide-based mineral phases occurring in contaminated soils can be solubilized by organic chelators excreted by plants, such as citrate. Herein, the efficiency of citrate towards U and Pu extraction is compared to that of siderophores, whose primary function is the acquisition of iron(III) as an essential nutrient and growth factor for many soil microorganisms. To that end, we selected desferrioxamine B (DFB) as an emblematic bacterial trishydroxamic siderophore and a synthetic analog, abbreviated (LCy,Pr)H2, of the tetradentate rhodotorulic acid (RA) produced by yeasts. Firstly, the uranyl speciation with both ligands was assessed in the pH range 2-11 by potentiometry and visible absorption spectrophotometry. Equilibrium constants and absorption spectra for three [UO2(DFB)Hh](h-1)+ (h = 1-3) and five [UO2(LCy,Pr)lHh](2+h-2l)+ (-1 ≤ h ≤ 1 for l = 1 and h = 0-1 for l = 2) solution complexes were determined at 25.0 °C and I = 0.1 M KNO3. Similar studies for the Fe3+/(LCy,Pr)2- system revealed the formation of five species having [Fe(LCy,Pr)]+, [Fe(LCy,Pr)OH], [Fe(LCy,Pr)(OH)2]-, [Fe(LCy,Pr)2H], and [Fe2(LCy,Pr)3] compositions. Then, the ability of DFB, (LCy,Pr)H2, and citrate to solubilize either U or Pu from pitchblende-rich soils (soils 1 and 2) or freshly plutonium-contaminated soils (LBS and PG) was evaluated by performing batch extraction tests. U was extracted significantly only by citrate after a day. After one week, the amount of U complexed by citrate only slightly exceeded that measured for the siderochelates, following the order citrate > (LCy,Pr)H2 ≥ DFB ≈ H2O, and were comparatively very low. Pu was also more efficiently extracted by citrate than by DFB after a day, but only by a factor of ~2-3 for the PG soil, while the Pu concentration in the supernatant after one week was approximately the same for both natural chelators. It remained nearly constant for DFB between the 1st and 7th day, but drastically decreased in the case of citrate, suggesting chemical decomposition in the latter case. For the Fe-rich soils 1 and 2, the efficiencies of the three chelators to solubilize Fe after a day were of the same order of magnitude, decreasing in the order DFB > citrate > (LCy,Pr)H2. However, after a week DFB had extracted ~1.5 times more Fe, whereas the amount extracted by the other chelators stayed constant. For the less Fe-rich LBS and PG soils contaminated by Pu, the amounts of extracted Fe were higher, especially after 7 days, and the DFB outperformed citrate by a factor of nearly 3. The higher capacity of the hexadentate DFB to extract Pu in the presence of Fe and its lower ability to mobilize U qualitatively agree with the respective complexation constant ratios, keeping in mind that both Pu-containing soils had a lower iron loading. Noticeably, (LCy,Pr)H2 has roughly the same capacity as DFB to solubilize U, but it mobilizes less Fe than the hexadentate siderophore. Similarly, citrate has the highest capacity to extract Pu, but the lowest to extract Fe. Therefore, compared to DFB, (LCy,Pr)H2 shows a better U/Fe extraction selectivity and citrate shows a better Pu/Fe selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laureline Février
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-ENV/SRTE/LR2T, BP 3, 13115, Saint-Paul-Lez-Durance Cedex, France.
| | - Frédéric Coppin
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-ENV/SRTE/LR2T, BP 3, 13115, Saint-Paul-Lez-Durance Cedex, France
| | - Sylvie Pierrisnard
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-ENV/SRTE/LR2T, BP 3, 13115, Saint-Paul-Lez-Durance Cedex, France
| | - Mélanie Bourdillon
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne (ICMUB), UMR 6302, CNRS, Université Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, 9 avenue Alain Savary, BP 47870, 21078, Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Lé Vi Nguyen
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne (ICMUB), UMR 6302, CNRS, Université Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, 9 avenue Alain Savary, BP 47870, 21078, Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Nissrine Zaiter
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne (ICMUB), UMR 6302, CNRS, Université Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, 9 avenue Alain Savary, BP 47870, 21078, Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Stéphane Brandès
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne (ICMUB), UMR 6302, CNRS, Université Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, 9 avenue Alain Savary, BP 47870, 21078, Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Vladimir Sladkov
- Laboratoire de Physique des 2 Infinis Irène Joliot Curie (IJCLab), UMR 9012, CNRS/IN2P3 Université Paris-Saclay, Université de Paris, 15 rue Georges Clemenceau, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Jean-Claude Chambron
- Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg, UMR 7177, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 1 rue Blaise Pascal, BP 296 R 8, 67008, Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Michel Meyer
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne (ICMUB), UMR 6302, CNRS, Université Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, 9 avenue Alain Savary, BP 47870, 21078, Dijon Cedex, France.
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Roulier M, Bueno M, Coppin F, Nicolas M, Thiry Y, Rigal F, Pannier F, Le Hécho I. Atmospheric iodine, selenium and caesium depositions in France: II. Influence of forest canopies. Chemosphere 2021; 273:128952. [PMID: 33228989 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Estimation of the canopy influence on atmospheric inputs of iodine (I), selenium (Se) and caesium (Cs) in terrestrial ecosystems is an essential condition for appropriate biogeochemical models. However, the processes involved in rain composition modifications after its passage through forest canopy have been barely studied for these elements. We monitored I, Se and Cs concentrations in both rainfall and throughfall of fourteen French forested sites throughout one year, and estimated dry deposition and canopy exchange fluxes for these elements, as well as speciation of I and Se. Comparison of rainfall and throughfall elemental composition highlighted an important impact of forest canopy on both (i) concentrations and fluxes of I, Se and Cs, and (ii) I and Se species. For the three elements, most of their throughfall concentrations were higher than corresponding rainfall. The increase of throughfall elemental fluxes was mostly due to dry deposition for I and Se although the canopy exchange model revealed some sorption within the canopy in most cases; for Cs, foliage leaching was most influencing. Regarding speciation, iodine species in rainfall were highly modified by forest canopy with an important increase of unidentified I proportion in throughfall (on average 49 and 82% in rainfall and throughfall, respectively), possibly due to washoff of dry deposition and/or to transformation into organic forms. Similarly, while rainfall was composed of 26-54% of inorganic Se, inorganic species were undetectable in throughfall. This dataset represents key information to improve modelling of I, Se and Cs cycling within forest ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Roulier
- CNRS/Univ. Pau & Pays de l'Adour/E2S UPPA, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux, UMR 5254, Avenue du Président Angot, 64000, Pau, France; Institute of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), PSE-ENV/SRTE/LR2T, CE Cadarache, 13115, Saint Paul les Durance Cedex, France.
| | - Maïté Bueno
- CNRS/Univ. Pau & Pays de l'Adour/E2S UPPA, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux, UMR 5254, Avenue du Président Angot, 64000, Pau, France.
| | - Frédéric Coppin
- Institute of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), PSE-ENV/SRTE/LR2T, CE Cadarache, 13115, Saint Paul les Durance Cedex, France.
| | - Manuel Nicolas
- Office National des Forêts (ONF), Direction Forêts et Risques Naturels, Département Recherche, Développement, Innovation, Boulevard de Constance, 77300, Fontainebleau, France.
| | - Yves Thiry
- Andra, Research and Development Division, Parc de la Croix Blanche, 1-7 Rue Jean Monnet, 92298, Châtenay-Malabry Cedex, France.
| | - François Rigal
- CNRS/Univ. Pau & Pays de l'Adour/E2S UPPA, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux, UMR 5254, Avenue du Président Angot, 64000, Pau, France; Azorean Biodiversity Group, cE3c - Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Angra do Heroísmo, Azores, Portugal.
| | - Florence Pannier
- CNRS/Univ. Pau & Pays de l'Adour/E2S UPPA, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux, UMR 5254, Avenue du Président Angot, 64000, Pau, France.
| | - Isabelle Le Hécho
- CNRS/Univ. Pau & Pays de l'Adour/E2S UPPA, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux, UMR 5254, Avenue du Président Angot, 64000, Pau, France.
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Roulier M, Bueno M, Coppin F, Nicolas M, Thiry Y, Rigal F, Le Hécho I, Pannier F. Atmospheric iodine, selenium and caesium depositions in France: I. Spatial and seasonal variations. Chemosphere 2021; 273:128971. [PMID: 33243570 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The spatial distribution and seasonal variations of atmospheric iodine (I), selenium (Se) and caesium (Cs) depositions remain unclear and this precludes adequate inputs for biogeochemical models. We quantified total concentrations and fluxes of these elements in rainfalls from 27 monitoring sites in France with contrasted climatic conditions; monthly measurements were taken over one year (starting in 2016/09). Since speciation of I and Se can impact their behaviour in the environment, analysis of their inorganic compounds was also conducted. Our results showed that annual I concentrations in rainfall were much higher than those of Se and Cs (annual means = 1.56, 0.044 and 0.005 μg L-1, respectively). The annual iodine concentrations were highly positively correlated with those of marine elements (i.e. Na, Cl and Mg), involving higher I concentrations under oceanic climate than for transition, continental and mountainous ones. Furthermore, common patterns were found between Se concentrations and both marine and terrestrial components consistent with the various sources of Se in atmosphere. The association of Cs with two anthropogenic components (i.e. NH4+ and NO3-) used in agriculture supports the hypothesis of its terrestrial origin (i.e. from atmospheric dusts) in rainfall. We found higher rainfall concentrations of I during the warmest months for all climates. However, no specific seasonal trend occurred for Se and Cs. On annual average, rainfall contained mostly unidentified selenium compounds (inorganic Se proportions = 25-54%) and equal proportions of inorganic and unidentified I compounds. Concentrations of iodate were higher under oceanic climate consistent with an iodine marine-origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Roulier
- CNRS/Univ. Pau & Pays de L'Adour/E2S UPPA, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour L'Environnement et Les Matériaux, UMR 5254, Avenue Du Président Angot, 64000, Pau, France; Institute of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), PSE-ENV/SRTE/LR2T, CE Cadarache, 13115, Saint Paul Les Durance Cedex, France.
| | - Maïté Bueno
- CNRS/Univ. Pau & Pays de L'Adour/E2S UPPA, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour L'Environnement et Les Matériaux, UMR 5254, Avenue Du Président Angot, 64000, Pau, France.
| | - Frédéric Coppin
- Institute of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), PSE-ENV/SRTE/LR2T, CE Cadarache, 13115, Saint Paul Les Durance Cedex, France.
| | - Manuel Nicolas
- Office National des Forêts (ONF), Direction Forêts et Risques Naturels, Département Recherche, Développement, Innovation, Boulevard de Constance, 77300, Fontainebleau, France.
| | - Yves Thiry
- Andra, Research and Development Division, Parc de La Croix Blanche, 1-7 Rue Jean Monnet, 92298, Châtenay-Malabry Cedex, France.
| | - François Rigal
- CNRS/Univ. Pau & Pays de L'Adour/E2S UPPA, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour L'Environnement et Les Matériaux, UMR 5254, Avenue Du Président Angot, 64000, Pau, France; Azorean Biodiversity Group, CE3c - Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Angra Do Heroísmo, Azores, Portugal.
| | - Isabelle Le Hécho
- CNRS/Univ. Pau & Pays de L'Adour/E2S UPPA, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour L'Environnement et Les Matériaux, UMR 5254, Avenue Du Président Angot, 64000, Pau, France.
| | - Florence Pannier
- CNRS/Univ. Pau & Pays de L'Adour/E2S UPPA, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour L'Environnement et Les Matériaux, UMR 5254, Avenue Du Président Angot, 64000, Pau, France.
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Chaif H, Coppin F, Bahi A, Garcia-Sanchez L. Influence of non-equilibrium sorption on the vertical migration of 137Cs in forest mineral soils of Fukushima Prefecture. J Environ Radioact 2021; 232:106567. [PMID: 33689934 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2021.106567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Sorption hypotheses and models are required for the prediction of 137Cs migration in soils contaminated after nuclear reactor accidents and nuclear weapons tests. In assessment models, the Kd (distribution coefficient) hypothesis for sorption, which assumes that sorption is instantaneous, linear and reversible, has often been coupled with the convection-diffusion equation (CDE) to model 137Cs migration. However, it fails to describe 137Cs migration velocities which often decrease with time. Alternative equilibrium-kinetic (EK) hypotheses of 137Cs sorption/desorption have been suggested by laboratory experiments but have not been fully validated in field conditions. This work addressed the influence and magnitude of non-equilibrium 137Cs sorption in field conditions by reinterpreting, with an inverse approach, series of 137Cs profiles measured in mineral soils of forest plots located in Fukushima Prefecture (2013-2018). Our results show that the inclusion of non-equilibrium sorption significantly improves, compared to the equilibrium hypothesis, the realism of simulated 137Cs profiles. Fitted sorption parameters suggest a fast sorption kinetic (half-time of 1-7 h) and a pseudo-irreversible desorption rate (half-time of 3.2 × 100-3.4 × 106 years), whereas equilibrium sorption (4.0 × 10-3 L kg-1 on average) only affects a negligible portion of 137Cs inventory. By June 2011, such EK parameters fitted on our plots realistically reproduced profiles measured in the same forest study site (Takahashi et al., 2015). Predictive modeling of 137Cs profiles in soil suggests a strong persistence of the surface 137Cs contamination by 2030, with exponential profiles consistent with those reported after the Chernobyl accident. This study demonstrates that hypotheses and parameters of 137Cs sorption can be partially inferred from in situ measurements. However, further experiments in controlled conditions are required to better estimate the sorption parameters and to identify the processes behind non-equilibrium sorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Chaif
- Institute of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), PSE-ENV, SRTE, LR2T, CE Cadarache, 13115, Saint Paul les Durance Cedex, France.
| | - Frédéric Coppin
- Institute of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), PSE-ENV, SRTE, LR2T, CE Cadarache, 13115, Saint Paul les Durance Cedex, France.
| | - Aya Bahi
- Institute of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), PSE-ENV, SRTE, LR2T, CE Cadarache, 13115, Saint Paul les Durance Cedex, France.
| | - Laurent Garcia-Sanchez
- Institute of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), PSE-ENV, SRTE, LR2T, CE Cadarache, 13115, Saint Paul les Durance Cedex, France.
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8
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Gonze MA, Calmon P, Hurtevent P, Coppin F. Meta-analysis of radiocesium contamination data in Japanese cedar and cypress forests over the period 2011-2017. Sci Total Environ 2021; 750:142311. [PMID: 33182179 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Since Fukushima accident, dozens of field studies have been conducted in order to quantify and understand the behaviour of atmospheric radiocesium (137Cs) fallouts in contaminated forests of Fukushima and neighbouring prefectures. In this paper, we carry out a detailed review of data acquired over 2011-2017 in Japanese cedar and cypress plantations, focusing on aerial tree organs, soil layers and tree-to-soil depuration fluxes. To enable comparison and reinforce the consistency between sites, radiological measurements were normalized by the deposit and interpolated onto the same spatio-temporal frame. Despite some (poorly explained) residual variability, we derived a "mean" pattern by log-averaging data among sites. These "mean" results were analysed with the help of a simple mass-balance approach and discussed in the light of post-Fukushima literature. We demonstrated that the activity levels and dynamics in all compartments were consistent and generally well reproduced by the mass balance approach, for values of the interception fraction between 0.7 and 0.85. The analysis indicated that about 5% of the initial deposit remained in the aerial vegetation after 6 years, more than two thirds of intercepted 137Cs being transferred to the soil due to throughfall. The simulations indicated that foliar uptake might have contributed between 40% and 100% to the activity transferred to stem wood. The activity concentration in canopy organs rapidly decreased in the first few months then more slowly, according to an effective half-life of about 1.6 years. The activity level in the organic layer peaked in summer 2011 then decreased according to an effective half-life of 2.2 years. After a rapid increase in 2011, the contamination of mineral horizons continued to increase more slowly, 85% of 137Cs incoming through the organic layer being retained in the 0-5 cm layer according to a mean residence time longer than in the upper layer (7 against 1.5 years).
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Affiliation(s)
- M-A Gonze
- Institute of Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety, CE Cadarache-Bat 153, BP3, 13115 St-Paul-lez-Durance cedex, France.
| | - P Calmon
- Institute of Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety, CE Cadarache-Bat 153, BP3, 13115 St-Paul-lez-Durance cedex, France
| | - P Hurtevent
- Institute of Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety, CE Cadarache-Bat 153, BP3, 13115 St-Paul-lez-Durance cedex, France
| | - F Coppin
- Institute of Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety, CE Cadarache-Bat 153, BP3, 13115 St-Paul-lez-Durance cedex, France
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9
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Roulier M, Coppin F, Bueno M, Nicolas M, Thiry Y, Della Vedova C, Février L, Pannier F, Le Hécho I. Iodine budget in forest soils: Influence of environmental conditions and soil physicochemical properties. Chemosphere 2019; 224:20-28. [PMID: 30802780 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.02.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Due to its longevity, radioisotope 129I is a health concern following potential releases in the environment which raises questions about residence and exposure times relevant for risk assessments. We determined 127I concentrations (as a surrogate for 129I) in a series of French forest soils (i.e. litters, humus and mineral soils) under different vegetation and climate conditions in order to identify the major processes affecting its accumulation and persistence in the soil column. The input fluxes linked to rainfall, throughfall and litterfall were also characterized. Main results obtained showed that: (i) rainfall iodine concentrations probably influenced those of litterfall through absorption by leaves/needles returning to the ground; (ii) throughfall was the major iodine input to soils (mean = 83%), compared to litterfall (mean = 17%); (iii) humus represented a temporary storage of iodine from atmospheric and biomass deposits; (iv) iodine concentrations in soils depended on both the iodine inputs and the soil's ability to retain iodine due to its organic matter, total iron and aluminium concentrations; (v) these soil properties were the main factors influencing the accumulation of iodine in the soil column, resulting in residence times of 419-1756 years; and (vi) the leaching of iodine-containing organic matter dissolved in soil solution may be an important source of labile organic iodine for groundwater and streams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Roulier
- Institute of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), PSE-ENV, SRTE, CE Cadarache, 13115, Saint Paul les Durance Cedex, France; CNRS/ Univ. Pau & Pays de l'Adour/E2S UPPA, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux, UMR 5254, Avenue du Président Angot, 64000, Pau, France.
| | - Frédéric Coppin
- Institute of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), PSE-ENV, SRTE, CE Cadarache, 13115, Saint Paul les Durance Cedex, France.
| | - Maïté Bueno
- CNRS/ Univ. Pau & Pays de l'Adour/E2S UPPA, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux, UMR 5254, Avenue du Président Angot, 64000, Pau, France.
| | - Manuel Nicolas
- Office National des Forêts (ONF), Direction Forêts et Risques Naturels, Département Recherche, Développement, Innovation, Boulevard de Constance, 77300, Fontainebleau, France.
| | - Yves Thiry
- Andra Research and Development Division, Parc de la Croix Blanche, 1-7 rue Jean Monnet, 92298, Châtenay-Malabry Cedex, France.
| | - Claire Della Vedova
- Institute of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), PSE-ENV, SRTE, CE Cadarache, 13115, Saint Paul les Durance Cedex, France.
| | - Laureline Février
- Institute of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), PSE-ENV, SRTE, CE Cadarache, 13115, Saint Paul les Durance Cedex, France.
| | - Florence Pannier
- CNRS/ Univ. Pau & Pays de l'Adour/E2S UPPA, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux, UMR 5254, Avenue du Président Angot, 64000, Pau, France.
| | - Isabelle Le Hécho
- CNRS/ Univ. Pau & Pays de l'Adour/E2S UPPA, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux, UMR 5254, Avenue du Président Angot, 64000, Pau, France.
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10
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Müller K, Foerstendorf H, Steudtner R, Tsushima S, Kumke MU, Lefèvre G, Rothe J, Mason H, Szabó Z, Yang P, Adam CKR, André R, Brennenstuhl K, Chiorescu I, Cho HM, Creff G, Coppin F, Dardenne K, Den Auwer C, Drobot B, Eidner S, Hess NJ, Kaden P, Kremleva A, Kretzschmar J, Krüger S, Platts JA, Panak PJ, Polly R, Powell BA, Rabung T, Redon R, Reiller PE, Rösch N, Rossberg A, Scheinost AC, Schimmelpfennig B, Schreckenbach G, Skerencak-Frech A, Sladkov V, Solari PL, Wang Z, Washton NM, Zhang X. Interdisciplinary Round-Robin Test on Molecular Spectroscopy of the U(VI) Acetate System. ACS Omega 2019; 4:8167-8177. [PMID: 31459906 PMCID: PMC6648335 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b00164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive molecular analysis of a simple aqueous complexing system-U(VI) acetate-selected to be independently investigated by various spectroscopic (vibrational, luminescence, X-ray absorption, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy) and quantum chemical methods was achieved by an international round-robin test (RRT). Twenty laboratories from six different countries with a focus on actinide or geochemical research participated and contributed to this scientific endeavor. The outcomes of this RRT were considered on two levels of complexity: first, within each technical discipline, conformities as well as discrepancies of the results and their sources were evaluated. The raw data from the different experimental approaches were found to be generally consistent. In particular, for complex setups such as accelerator-based X-ray absorption spectroscopy, the agreement between the raw data was high. By contrast, luminescence spectroscopic data turned out to be strongly related to the chosen acquisition parameters. Second, the potentials and limitations of coupling various spectroscopic and theoretical approaches for the comprehensive study of actinide molecular complexes were assessed. Previous spectroscopic data from the literature were revised and the benchmark data on the U(VI) acetate system provided an unambiguous molecular interpretation based on the correlation of spectroscopic and theoretical results. The multimethodologic approach and the conclusions drawn address not only important aspects of actinide spectroscopy but particularly general aspects of modern molecular analytical chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Müller
- Institute
of Resource Ecology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden—Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstr. 400, D-01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Harald Foerstendorf
- Institute
of Resource Ecology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden—Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstr. 400, D-01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Robin Steudtner
- Institute
of Resource Ecology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden—Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstr. 400, D-01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Satoru Tsushima
- Institute
of Resource Ecology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden—Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstr. 400, D-01328 Dresden, Germany
- Institute
of Innovative Research, Tokyo Tech World Research Hub Initiative (WRHI), Tokyo Institute of Technology, 152-8550 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michael U. Kumke
- Institute
of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Grégory Lefèvre
- Chimie
ParisTech, PSL Research University, CNRS, Institut de Recherche de
Chimie Paris (IRCP), F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Jörg Rothe
- Institute
for Nuclear Waste Disposal (KIT-INE), Karlsruhe
Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Harris Mason
- Physical
and Life Science Directorate, Lawrence Livermore
National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, 94550 California, United
States
| | - Zoltán Szabó
- School
of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, Royal Institute
of Technology, S-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ping Yang
- Theoretical
Division, Physics and Chemistry of Materials, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, 87545 New Mexico, United States
| | - Christian K. R. Adam
- Institute
for Nuclear Waste Disposal (KIT-INE), Karlsruhe
Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Rémi André
- Laboratoire
LIS-UMR CNRS 7020, Aix-Marseille Université, Université
de Toulon, 83041 Toulon Cedex 9, France
| | | | - Ion Chiorescu
- Department
of Chemistry, Technische Universität
München, Lichtenbergstr.
4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Herman M. Cho
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, MS K2-57, Richland, 99352 Washington, United States
| | - Gaëlle Creff
- Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Institut
de Chimie
de Nice, UMR7272, 06108 Nice, France
| | - Frédéric Coppin
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire
(IRSN/PSE-ENV/SRTE/LR2T), CE Cadarache, BP3, 13115 Saint Paul lez Durance, France
| | - Kathy Dardenne
- Institute
for Nuclear Waste Disposal (KIT-INE), Karlsruhe
Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Christophe Den Auwer
- Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Institut
de Chimie
de Nice, UMR7272, 06108 Nice, France
| | - Björn Drobot
- Institute
of Resource Ecology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden—Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstr. 400, D-01328 Dresden, Germany
- Central Radionuclide Laboratory, Technische
Universität Dresden, Zellescher Weg 19, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Sascha Eidner
- Institute
of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Nancy J. Hess
- Environmental
Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest
National Laboratory, 3335 Innovation Blvd, Richland, 99354 Washington, United
States
| | - Peter Kaden
- Institute
of Resource Ecology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden—Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstr. 400, D-01328 Dresden, Germany
- Institute
for Nuclear Waste Disposal (KIT-INE), Karlsruhe
Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Alena Kremleva
- Department
of Chemistry, Technische Universität
München, Lichtenbergstr.
4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Jerome Kretzschmar
- Institute
of Resource Ecology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden—Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstr. 400, D-01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Sven Krüger
- Department
of Chemistry, Technische Universität
München, Lichtenbergstr.
4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - James A. Platts
- School
of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Park Place, CF10 3AT Cardiff, U.K.
| | - Petra J. Panak
- Institute
for Nuclear Waste Disposal (KIT-INE), Karlsruhe
Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Heidelberg
University, Im Neuenheimer
Feld 253, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Robert Polly
- Institute
for Nuclear Waste Disposal (KIT-INE), Karlsruhe
Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Brian A. Powell
- Department
of Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, Department
of Chemistry, Clemson University, 342 Computer Court, Anderson, 29625 South Carolina, United States
| | - Thomas Rabung
- Institute
for Nuclear Waste Disposal (KIT-INE), Karlsruhe
Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Roland Redon
- Laboratoire
MIO—CS 60584, Université
de Toulon, 83041 Toulon cedex 9, France
| | - Pascal E. Reiller
- Den—Service d’Études Analytiques et de Réactivité
des Surfaces (SEARS), CEA, Université
Paris-Saclay, F 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Notker Rösch
- Department
of Chemistry, Technische Universität
München, Lichtenbergstr.
4, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Institute of High Performance Computing, Agency for
Science, Technology and Research, 1 Fusionopolis Way, #16-16 Connexis, Singapore, Singapore 138632
| | - André Rossberg
- Institute
of Resource Ecology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden—Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstr. 400, D-01328 Dresden, Germany
- The Rossendorf Beamline (BM20), European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, B.P. 220, F-38043 Grenoble Cedex, France
| | - Andreas C. Scheinost
- Institute
of Resource Ecology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden—Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstr. 400, D-01328 Dresden, Germany
- The Rossendorf Beamline (BM20), European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, B.P. 220, F-38043 Grenoble Cedex, France
| | - Bernd Schimmelpfennig
- Institute
for Nuclear Waste Disposal (KIT-INE), Karlsruhe
Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Georg Schreckenbach
- Department of Chemistry, University of
Manitoba, 144 Dysart Road, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Andrej Skerencak-Frech
- Institute
for Nuclear Waste Disposal (KIT-INE), Karlsruhe
Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Heidelberg
University, Im Neuenheimer
Feld 253, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Vladimir Sladkov
- Institut de Physique Nucléaire
(IPN), CNRS/IN2P3,
Université Paris-Sud, 91406 Orsay, France
| | - Pier Lorenzo Solari
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, Ligne de lumière MARS, L’Orme
des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin,
BP 48, F-91192 Gif-sur-Yvette
Cedex, France
| | - Zheming Wang
- Environmental
Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest
National Laboratory, 3335 Innovation Blvd, Richland, 99354 Washington, United
States
| | - Nancy M. Washton
- Pacific
Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, 99352 Washington, United States
| | - Xiaobin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of
Manitoba, 144 Dysart Road, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada
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11
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Roulier M, Bueno M, Thiry Y, Coppin F, Redon PO, Le Hécho I, Pannier F. Iodine distribution and cycling in a beech (Fagus sylvatica) temperate forest. Sci Total Environ 2018; 645:431-440. [PMID: 30025242 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Radioiodine is of health concerns in case of nuclear events. Possible pathways and rates of flow are essential information for risk assessment. Forest ecosystems could influence the global cycle of long-lived radioiodine isotope (129I) with transfer processes similar to stable isotope (127I). Understanding iodine cycling in forest involves study of the ecosystem as a whole. In this context, we determined the 127I contents and distribution in soil, tree compartments and atmospheric inputs during a three years in situ monitoring of a temperate beech forest stand. The iodine cycle was first characterized in terms of stocks by measuring its concentrations in: tree, litterfall, humus, soil, rainfall, throughfall, stemflow and soil solutions. Main annual fluxes (requirement, uptake and internal transfers) and forest input-output budget were also estimated using conceptual model calculations. Our findings show that: (i) soil is the main I reservoir accounting for about 99.9% of ecosystem total stock; (ii) iodine uptake by tree represents a minor fraction of the available pool in soil (<0.2%); (iii) iodine allocation between tree compartments involves low immobilization in wood and restricted location in the roots; (iv) translocation of excess iodine towards senescing foliage appears as an elimination process for trees, and (v) litterfall is a major pathway in the I biological cycling. In our soil conditions, the input - output budget shows that the ecosystem behaves as a potential source of I for groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Roulier
- Institute of Radioecological Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), PSE-ENV, SRTE, LR2T, CE Cadarache, 13115 Saint Paul les Durance Cedex, France; CNRS/Univ. Pau & Pays de l'Adour, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux, UMR 5254, Avenue du Président Angot, 64000 Pau, France.
| | - Maïté Bueno
- CNRS/Univ. Pau & Pays de l'Adour, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux, UMR 5254, Avenue du Président Angot, 64000 Pau, France.
| | - Yves Thiry
- Andra, Research and Development Division, Parc de la Croix Blanche, 1-7 rue Jean Monnet, 92298 Châtenay-Malabry Cedex, France.
| | - Frédéric Coppin
- Institute of Radioecological Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), PSE-ENV, SRTE, LR2T, CE Cadarache, 13115 Saint Paul les Durance Cedex, France.
| | - Paul-Olivier Redon
- Andra, Research and Development Division, Parc de la Croix Blanche, 1-7 rue Jean Monnet, 92298 Châtenay-Malabry Cedex, France.
| | - Isabelle Le Hécho
- CNRS/Univ. Pau & Pays de l'Adour, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux, UMR 5254, Avenue du Président Angot, 64000 Pau, France.
| | - Florence Pannier
- CNRS/Univ. Pau & Pays de l'Adour, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux, UMR 5254, Avenue du Président Angot, 64000 Pau, France.
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Henner P, Brédoire F, Tailliez A, Coppin F, Pierrisnard S, Camilleri V, Keller C. Influence of root exudation of white lupine (Lupinus albus L.) on uranium phytoavailability in a naturally uranium-rich soil. J Environ Radioact 2018; 190-191:39-50. [PMID: 29751206 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2018.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Mechanisms of uranium (U) transfer from soil to plants remain poorly understood. The kinetics of supply of U to the soil solution from solid phases could be a key point to understand its phytoavailability and implications for environmental risk assessment. Root activity, particularly the continuous release of organic acids in the rhizosphere, could have an effect on this supply. We tested the impact of citrate exudation by roots of Lupinus albus, either P-sufficient (P+) or P-deficient (P-), on the phytoavailability of U from a naturally contaminated soil (total content of 413 mg U kg-1) using a rhizotest design. Combined effects of P (P-/P+ used to modulate plant physiology) and citrate (model exudate) on the solubilization of U contained in the soils were tested in closed reactors (batch). The batch experiment showed the existence of a low U available pool (0.4% total U) and high accessibility (kd' around 20 L kg-1) which was not significantly affected by P treatment or citrate concentrations. Analysis of U, Fe, Ca, P and citrate concentrations in the batches suggested a complex combination of mechanisms and factors including desorption, resorption, precipitation, co-sorption. On rhizotest, L. albus plants extracted 0.5-0.75% of the total U and between 25 and 40% of the estimated available U present in the rhizotest in 5 days. Uranium accumulation at the whole plant level (20 mg U kg-1d.w., shoot to root ratio around 10-3) seemed to be dependent neither on the plant P nutrition status nor citrate exudation level, possibly in relation with the equivalent accessibility of U whatever the growth conditions. Yet differential translocation to shoots seemed to be positively correlated to citrate exudation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascale Henner
- Institute for Radioprotection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN/PSE-ENV/SRTE), Laboratory of Research on Radionuclides Transfer Within Terrestrial Ecosystems (LR2T), Cadarache, Bat 183, BP 3, 13115 Saint Paul-lez-Durance, France.
| | - Félix Brédoire
- Institute for Radioprotection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN/PSE-ENV/SRTE), Laboratory of Research on Radionuclides Transfer Within Terrestrial Ecosystems (LR2T), Cadarache, Bat 183, BP 3, 13115 Saint Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Antoine Tailliez
- Institute for Radioprotection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN/PSE-ENV/SRTE), Laboratory of Research on Radionuclides Transfer Within Terrestrial Ecosystems (LR2T), Cadarache, Bat 183, BP 3, 13115 Saint Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Frédéric Coppin
- Institute for Radioprotection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN/PSE-ENV/SRTE), Laboratory of Research on Radionuclides Transfer Within Terrestrial Ecosystems (LR2T), Cadarache, Bat 183, BP 3, 13115 Saint Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Sylvie Pierrisnard
- Institute for Radioprotection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN/PSE-ENV/SRTE), Laboratory of Research on Radionuclides Transfer Within Terrestrial Ecosystems (LR2T), Cadarache, Bat 183, BP 3, 13115 Saint Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Virginie Camilleri
- Institute for Radioprotection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN/PSE-ENV/SRTE), Laboratory of Research on Radionuclides Effects on Ecosystems (LECO), Cadarache, Bat 183, BP 3, 13115 Saint Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Catherine Keller
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IRD, INRA, Coll France, CEREGE, BP 80, 13545 Aix-en-Provence Cedex 04, France
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Frédéric Coppin
- Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety, France.
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14
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Loffredo N, Onda Y, Hurtevent P, Coppin F. Equation to predict the (137)Cs leaching dynamic from evergreen canopies after a radio-cesium deposit. J Environ Radioact 2015; 147:100-107. [PMID: 26057986 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2015.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Revised: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The Fukushima Daiishi nuclear power plant (FDNPP) accident led to a massive radionuclide deposition mainly onto Japanese forest canopies. In our previous study, an improved double exponential (IDE) equation including rainfall intensity was proposed to estimate the (137)Cs hydrological transport from evergreen canopies to the ground. This equation used two types of parameters, kinetic (k1 and k2) and leachable stock (A1 and A2). Those parameters have been estimated by adjusting them in the IDE equation in order to accurately describe the measured cumulative leached (137)Cs from canopies (k1 = 4.2E-04-5.0E-04 d(-1), k2 = 1.2E-02-1.7E-02 d(-1), A1 = 62-99 kBq/m(2), A2 = 25-61 kBq/m(2)). In this study, we linked the total leachable stock (Aleachable, a parameter of the IDE equation corresponding to A1 + A2) to a physiological criteria (the canopy closure CC, which can be measured with a simple camera equipped with a fish-eye objective). Furthermore, the kinetic parameters measured for Japanese cedar (k1 = 5.0E-04 d(-1), k2 = 1.2E-02 d(-1), and r12 = 0.22 (r12 = A1/A2) could also be used for two other coniferous species: Japanese cypress and spruce. This suggests that these parameters could be constants for coniferous forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Loffredo
- Center for Research in Isotopes and Environmental Dynamics, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan.
| | - Yuichi Onda
- Center for Research in Isotopes and Environmental Dynamics, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Pierre Hurtevent
- Institute for Radioprotection and Nuclear Safety, IRSN/PRP-ENV/SERIS, L2BT, Building 186, Cadarache 13115 Saint Paul lez Durance cedex, France
| | - Frédéric Coppin
- Institute for Radioprotection and Nuclear Safety, IRSN/PRP-ENV/SERIS, L2BT, Building 186, Cadarache 13115 Saint Paul lez Durance cedex, France
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15
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Coppin F, Michon J, Garnier C, Frelon S. Fluorescence Quenching Determination of Uranium (VI) Binding Properties by Two Functional Proteins: Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and Vitellogenin (Vtg). J Fluoresc 2015; 25:569-76. [PMID: 25764300 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-015-1536-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The interactions between uranium and two functional proteins (AChE and Vtg) were investigated using fluorescence quenching measurements. The combined use of a microplate spectrofluorometer and logarithmic additions of uranium into protein solutions allowed us to define the fluorescence quenching over a wide range of [U]/[Pi] ratios (from 1 to 3235) at physiologically relevant conditions of pH. Results showed that fluorescence from the two functional proteins was quenched by UO2 (2+). Stoichiometry reactions, fluorescence quenching mechanisms and complexing properties of proteins, i.e. binding constants and binding sites densities, were determined using classic fluorescence quenching methods and curve-fitting software (PROSECE). It was demonstrated that in our test conditions, the protein complexation by uranium could be simulated by two specific sites (L1 and L2). The obtained complexation constant values are log K1 = 5.7 (±1.0), log K2 = 4.9 (±1.1); L1 = 83 (±2), L2 = 2220 (±150) for U(VI) - Vtg and log K1 = 8.1 (±0.9), log K2 = 6.6 (±0.5), L1 = 115 (±16), L2 = 530 (±23) for U(VI)-AChE (Li is expressed in mol/mol of protein).
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Coppin
- Laboratoire de Biogéochimie, Biodisponibilité et Transfert des Radionucléides, Institut de Radioprotection et Sûreté Nucléaire, Cadarache, Bât 186, BP3, 13115, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance Cedex, France,
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Garcia-Sanchez L, Loffredo N, Mounier S, Martin-Garin A, Coppin F. Kinetics of selenate sorption in soil as influenced by biotic and abiotic conditions: a stirred flow-through reactor study. J Environ Radioact 2014; 138:38-49. [PMID: 25151638 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2014.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Revised: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This study (i) quantified the kinetics of selenate sorption and (ii) measured the influence of biotic processes in soil selenate stabilisation. Stirred flow-through reactor experiments were conducted on samples of a silty clay soil (pH = 8, Eh = 240-300 mV) from Bure (France) in both non-sterile and sterile conditions. Parameters of the proposed two-site sorption model (EK), adapted from van Genuchten and Wagenet (1989), were estimated by nonlinear regression. Fast selenate sorption on type-1 sites was moderate, with an equilibrium constant of 25.5 and 39.1 L/kg for non-sterile and sterile conditions. Rate-limited sorption on type-2 sites increased with time, and was predominant for longer periods of time in non-sterile conditions. At equilibrium, it would represent over 96% of the sorbed inventory, with mean sorption times of 17 h and 191 h for non-sterile and sterile conditions. Our results showed for Bure soil that (i) selenate sorption in flowing and mildly-oxidising conditions was strongly kinetically controlled, especially in non-sterile conditions, (ii) selenate desorption was much slower than sorption, which suggests its pseudo-irreversible stabilisation, and (iii) microbial activity increased the contribution of rate-limited sorption on type-2 sites, for which it increased sorption rate by a factor 7 but also facilitated its reversibility. This work stresses the limits of the Kd approach to represent selenate sorption in flowing conditions and supports an alternative formulation like the EK model, but also points out that biotic conditions are significant sources of variability for sorption parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Garcia-Sanchez
- Laboratory of Biogeochemistry, Bioavailability and Transfers of Radionuclides, IRSN, Centre de Cadarache, bât. 186, BP 3, 13115 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance cedex, France.
| | - N Loffredo
- Laboratory of Biogeochemistry, Bioavailability and Transfers of Radionuclides, IRSN, Centre de Cadarache, bât. 186, BP 3, 13115 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance cedex, France
| | - S Mounier
- Laboratoire PROTEE, Université du Sud Toulon-Var, BP 20132, 83957 La Garde, France
| | - A Martin-Garin
- Laboratory of Biogeochemistry, Bioavailability and Transfers of Radionuclides, IRSN, Centre de Cadarache, bât. 186, BP 3, 13115 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance cedex, France
| | - F Coppin
- Laboratory of Biogeochemistry, Bioavailability and Transfers of Radionuclides, IRSN, Centre de Cadarache, bât. 186, BP 3, 13115 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance cedex, France
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Lecomte-Pradines C, Bonzom JM, Della-Vedova C, Beaugelin-Seiller K, Villenave C, Gaschak S, Coppin F, Dubourg N, Maksimenko A, Adam-Guillermin C, Garnier-Laplace J. Soil nematode assemblages as bioindicators of radiation impact in the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone. Sci Total Environ 2014; 490:161-170. [PMID: 24852614 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.04.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Revised: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/27/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In radioecology, the need to understand the long-term ecological effects of radioactive contamination has been emphasised. This requires that the health of field populations is evaluated and linked to an accurate estimate of received radiological dose. The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of current radioactive contamination on nematode assemblages at sites affected by the fallout from the Chernobyl accident. First, we estimated the total dose rates (TDRs) absorbed by nematodes, from measured current soil activity concentrations, Dose Conversion Coefficients (DCCs, calculated using EDEN software) and soil-to-biota concentration ratios (from the ERICA tool database). The impact of current TDRs on nematode assemblages was then evaluated. Nematodes were collected in spring 2011 from 18 forest sites in the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone (CEZ) with external gamma dose rates, measured using radiophotoluminescent dosimeters, varying from 0.2 to 22 μGy h(-1). These values were one order of magnitude below the TDRs. A majority of bacterial-, plant-, and fungal-feeding nematodes and very few of the disturbance sensitive families were identified. No statistically significant association was observed between TDR values and nematode total abundance or the Shannon diversity index (H'). The Nematode Channel Ratio (which defines the relative abundance of bacterial- versus fungal-feeding nematodes) decreased significantly with increasing TDR, suggesting that radioactive contamination may influence nematode assemblages either directly or indirectly by modifying their food resources. A greater Maturity Index (MI), usually characterising better soil quality, was associated with higher pH and TDR values. These results suggest that in the CEZ, nematode assemblages from the forest sites were slightly impacted by chronic exposure at a predicted TDR of 200 μGy h(-1). This may be imputable to a dominant proportion of pollutant resistant nematodes in all sites. This might result from a selection at the expense of sensitive species after the accident.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Lecomte-Pradines
- Institute for Radioprotection and Nuclear Safety, IRSN/PRP-ENV/SERIS, LECO, Building 186, Cadarache 13115 Saint Paul lez Durance cedex, France.
| | - J-M Bonzom
- Institute for Radioprotection and Nuclear Safety, IRSN/PRP-ENV/SERIS, LECO, Building 186, Cadarache 13115 Saint Paul lez Durance cedex, France
| | | | - K Beaugelin-Seiller
- Institute for Radioprotection and Nuclear Safety, IRSN/PRP-ENV/SERIS, LM2E, Building 159, Cadarache 13115 Saint Paul lez Durance cedex, France
| | - C Villenave
- ELISOL Environment, Building 12, Campus de la Gaillarde, 2 place Viala, 34060 Montpellier cedex 2, France
| | - S Gaschak
- Chernobyl Center for Nuclear Safety, Radioactive Waste and Radioecology, International Radioecology Laboratory, 07100 Slavutych, Ukraine
| | - F Coppin
- Institute for Radioprotection and Nuclear Safety, IRSN/PRP-ENV/SERIS, L2BT, Building 186, Cadarache 13115 Saint Paul lez Durance cedex, France
| | - N Dubourg
- Institute for Radioprotection and Nuclear Safety, IRSN/PRP-ENV/SERIS, GARM Building 186, Cadarache 13115 Saint Paul lez Durance cedex, France
| | - A Maksimenko
- Chernobyl Center for Nuclear Safety, Radioactive Waste and Radioecology, International Radioecology Laboratory, 07100 Slavutych, Ukraine
| | - C Adam-Guillermin
- Institute for Radioprotection and Nuclear Safety, IRSN/PRP-ENV/SERIS, LECO, Building 186, Cadarache 13115 Saint Paul lez Durance cedex, France
| | - J Garnier-Laplace
- Institute for Radioprotection and Nuclear Safety, IRSN/PRP-ENV/SERIS, Building 159, Cadarache 13115 Saint Paul lez Durance cedex, France
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Mahe K, Villanueva MC, Vaz S, Coppin F, Koubbi P, Carpentier A. Morphological variability of the shape of striped red mullet Mullus surmuletus in relation to stock discrimination between the Bay of Biscay and the eastern English Channel. J Fish Biol 2014; 84:1063-1073. [PMID: 24689674 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.12345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Truss analysis and length measurements were made on 168 striped red mullet Mullus surmuletus. Multivariate statistical analyses with principal component analysis and partial redundancy analysis (pRDA) were used on these measurements to evaluate the influence of maturity, sex and geographical area distribution on body shape. Truss measurements were important to quantify and discriminate changing body shape, presumably due to changing environmental conditions. Sexual dimorphism was not observed and juveniles could be distinguished from adults based on their body shape. More importantly, M. surmuletus occurring in different geographical areas could be differentiated using this method. Based on pRDA, a significant difference of head morphological dimensions was observed between populations occurring in the eastern English Channel and those occurring in the Bay of Biscay, suggesting that fish from these areas could represent two subpopulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Mahe
- IFREMER, Laboratoire Ressources Halieutiques, 150 quai Gambetta, BP699, 62321 Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
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Al Kaddissi S, Frelon S, Elia AC, Legeay A, Gonzalez P, Coppin F, Orjollet D, Camilleri V, Beaugelin-Seiller K, Gilbin R, Simon O. Are antioxidant and transcriptional responses useful for discriminating between chemo- and radiotoxicity of uranium in the crayfish Procambarus clarkii? Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2012; 80:266-272. [PMID: 22503064 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2012.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2011] [Revised: 03/14/2012] [Accepted: 03/18/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The main objectives of this study were to evaluate uranium (U) toxicity in the crayfish Procambarus clarkii at a low dose of exposure and to discriminate between the chemotoxicity and radiotoxicity of U. We conducted two sets of experiments using either 30 μg L(-1) of depleted uranium (DU) or (233)U, which differ from each other only in their specific activity (DU=1.7×10(4)Bqg(-1), (233)U=3.57×10(8)Bqg(-1)). The endpoints were oxidative stress responses and mitochondrial functioning in the gills and hepatopancreas, which were measured in terms of enzyme activities and gene expression levels. U accumulation levels were measured in different organs (gills, hepatopancreas, stomach, intestine, green gland, muscles, and carapace), and internal dose rates in the hepatopancreas were compared after DU and (233)U exposures. Significant U accumulation occurred in the organs of P. clarkii, and mitochondrial damage and antioxidant responses were detected. Despite the huge difference (21,000×) in the specific activities of DU and (233)U, few significant differences in biological responses were detected in P. clarkii exposed to these two pollutants. This finding indicates that the radiotoxicity was low compared to the chemotoxicity under our exposure conditions. Finally, genes expression levels were more sensitive markers of U toxicity than enzyme activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Al Kaddissi
- Laboratory of Radioecology and Ecotoxicology (LRE), Institute of Radioprotection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), Bd 186, BP 3, 13115 Saint-Paul-Lez-Durance, France
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Simon O, Massarin S, Coppin F, Hinton TG, Gilbin R. Investigating the embryo/larval toxic and genotoxic effects of γ irradiation on zebrafish eggs. J Environ Radioact 2011; 102:1039-1044. [PMID: 21741137 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2011.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2010] [Revised: 04/08/2011] [Accepted: 06/04/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Eggs/larval of freshwater fish (Danio rerio) were exposed to low dose rates of external gamma radiation (from 1 to 1000 mGy d(-1)) over a 20-day period, with the objective of testing the appropriateness of the 10 mGy d(-1) guideline suggested by the IAEA. The present study examines different endpoints, mortality and hatching time and success of embryos as well as the genotoxicity of γ-irradiations (after 48 h). The 20-day embryo-larval bioassay showed an enhanced larval resistance to starvation after chronic exposure to γ irradiation (from low 1 mGy d(-1) to high dose rate 1000 mGy d(-1)) and an acceleration in hatching time. Gamma irradiation led to increased genotoxic damage Ito zebrafish egg (40-50% DNA in tail in Comet assay) from the lowest dose rate (1 mGy d(-1)). Possible mechanisms of γ radiotoxicity and implications for radioprotection are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Simon
- Laboratoire de Radioécologie et d'Ecotoxicologie, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, Cadarache, Bat 186, BP3, 13115 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance Cedex, France.
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Loffredo N, Mounier S, Thiry Y, Coppin F. Sorption of selenate on soils and pure phases: kinetic parameters and stabilisation. J Environ Radioact 2011; 102:843-851. [PMID: 21683486 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2011.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2010] [Revised: 05/03/2011] [Accepted: 05/14/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to identify the principle selenate carrier phases for two selected soils, by comparing their reactivity with selenate to that of pure phases of the solids. Silica, calcium carbonate, aluminium hydroxide, goethite, bentonite and humic acid were selected as the main soil carrier phases. Comparisons were made first on the parameter values obtained with the best fit of a kinetic sorption model which can discriminate instantaneous sorption from kinetically limited sorption. Then comparisons were made of the ability for each solid to stabilise selenate by measuring the ratio of the partition coefficient for sorption (Kd(sorption)) over that of the desorption (Kd(desorption)). Kinetics and stabilisation were used to help elucidate the nature of interactions with the test solid phases for a large range of selenate concentrations. The experiments were conducted over 165 h in batch reactors, the solid being isolated from the solution by dialysis tubing, at two pH (5.4 and 8) and three selenate concentrations (1 × 10(-3), 1 × 10(-6) and 1 × 10(-8) mol L(-1)). The results obtained showed that only aluminium hydroxide can sorb selenate throughout the studied pH range (pH 5.4 to 8.0). The sorption capacity on this mineral was high (Kd(sorption) > 100 to 1 × 10(4) L kg(-1)) and the selenate was mainly stabilized by the formation of inner sphere complexes. The sorption on goethite occurred at pH 5.4 (Kd(sorption) 52 L kg(-1)), mainly as outer sphere complexes, and was null at pH 8. On silica, a weak sorption was observed only at pH 5.4 and at 165 h (Kd(sorption) 4 L kg(-1)). On bentonite, calcium carbonate and humic acid no significant sorption was observed. Concerning the two soils studied, different behaviours were observed for selenate. For soil Ro (pH 5.4), Kd(sorption) was low (8 L kg(-1)) compared to soil Bu (pH 8) (70 L kg(-1)). The sorption behaviour of selenate on soil Ro was mainly due to outer sphere complexes, as for goethite, whereas for soil Bu the sorption was mainly attributed to inner sphere complexes followed by reduction mechanisms, probably initiated by microorganisms, in which no steady state was reached at the end of the 165 h experiments. The sorption of selenate decreased when concentrations reached 1 × 10(-3) mol L(-1), due to solid saturation, except for aluminium hydroxide. Reduction of selenate seemed also to occur on goethite and soil Ro, for the same concentration, but without preventing a decrease in sorption. Thus, this work shows that the comparison of selenate behaviour between soil and pure phases helps to elucidate the main carrier phases and sorption mechanisms in soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Loffredo
- Institut de Radioprotection et Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), DEI/SECRE/Laboratoire de Radioécologie et d'Ecotoxicologie, Cadarache, Bât 186, BP3, 13115 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance Cedex, France
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Colinon-Dupuich C, Février L, Ranjard L, Coppin F, Cournoyer B, Nazaret S. Radioecological risk assessment of low selenium concentrations through genetic fingerprints and metabolic profiling of soil bacterial communities. Microb Ecol 2011; 62:14-24. [PMID: 21409345 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-011-9831-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2010] [Accepted: 10/02/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In a context of environmental risk assessment of nuclear (79)Se radionuclide, the impact of low Se-selenite concentrations (0.008 and 8 mg kg(-1)) on bacterial communities of two soils, a silty clay loam and a sandy soil, was investigated over a 6-month incubation time. This Se-selenite was partially labelled with (75)Se. The state of the Se-impacted bacterial communities was analyzed through total bacterial counts, DNA fingerprints (ARISA profiles) and metabolic profiling (carbon substrate utilization patterns). Furthermore, the genetic diversity of bacterial populations involved in Se volatilization was evaluated by tpm (thiopurine methyltransferase gene) profiling. Emissions of (75)Se and CaCl(2)-extractable (75)Se were measured by γ-spectrometry and scintillation analysis. Se-selenite inputs changed transiently the substrate utilization patterns of bacterial communities but did not affect the other indicators. Se volatilization was at its highest level just after adding Se-selenite and for about 1 week. This volatilization was proportional to the added Se-selenite concentrations. It was 100-fold higher in silty clay loam, even though Se bioavailability was reduced in this soil. The soils were amended with crushed grass 3 months after the addition of Se-selenite. This organic amendment affected the organization of bacterial communities and increased the Se-volatilizing activities of both soils. Original soil organic carbon and bacterial diversity and activities seemed responsible for the different levels of Se emissions observed in soils. tpm lineages, encoding Se methyltransferases, were detected in both soils, confirming the broad distribution of tpm-harbouring bacteria and their probable role in the emissions of volatile Se. Five distinct groups of tpm were recorded per soil, with tpmI lineage being detected throughout the incubation period. This study demonstrates the ability of bacterial communities at volatilizing Se concentrations inferior to geochemical backgrounds and suggests that a probable transfer of nuclear Se will occur through volatilization after an environmental spill.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Colinon-Dupuich
- Research Group on Bacterial Opportunistic Pathogens and Environment, UMR 5557 Ecologie Microbienne, Université de Lyon, CNRS and Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon, Mendel Bldg., 69622, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
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Lagauzére S, Coppin F, Gerino M, Delmotte S, Stora G, Bonzom JM. An alternative method of particulate fluorescent tracer analysis in sediments using a microplate fluorimeter. Environ Technol 2011; 32:551-560. [PMID: 21877536 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2010.505251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Conservative particulate fluorescent tracers (e.g. luminophores and microspheres) are commonly used in a wide range of sediment transport studies. Traditionally, their spatial redistribution is estimated by counting them in sediments under ultraviolet light (e.g. by epifluorescence microscopy), a time-consuming but effective method. While alternative methods have recently been developed (e.g. photodetection, digital image analyses), this 'classical' counting method remains the most commonly used. This article describes an alternative procedure for measuring the concentration of fluorescent tracers (here, microspheres) using a microplate fluorimeter. This technique enables simultaneous analysis of numerous samples while reducing the sediment preparation and quantification time. After a calibration step from sediment samples with known microsphere content, the method was validated by comparing results from the epifluorescence microscopy method. Different adjustments were also reported, as well as application examples. The different calibration tests showed high linear relationships between the microsphere concentration of sediment samples and the measured fluorimetric intensities (R2-0.99) with a detection limit of 6%. In comparison with the previously used method, very similar results were obtained, as illustrated in recent studies using both luminophores and microspheres. The rapid and reliable method proposed here will enable increasingly complex experiments to be performed with less time-consuming qualitative analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lagauzére
- Laboratoire de Radioécologie et d'Ecotoxicologie, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, DEI/SECRE/LRE, Saint Paul Lez Durance, France.
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Stumpf T, Bauer A, Coppin F, Fanghänel T, Kim JI. Inner-sphere, outer-sphere and ternary surface complexes: a TRLFS study of the sorption process of Eu(III) onto smectite and kaolinite. RADIOCHIM ACTA 2009. [DOI: 10.1524/ract.2002.90.6.345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
SummaryThe surface sorption process of Eu(III) onto smectite and kaolinite was investigated by time-resolved laser fluorescence spectroscopy (TRLFS) in the trace concentration range. The experiments were performed in 0.025 M and 0.45 M NaClO4. The sorption process of Eu(III) onto smectite was obtained by TRLFS under atmospheric conditions and in absence of CO2. The pH was varied between 3.5 and 9 at a fixed metal ion concentration of 3.3 × 10−6mol/L Eu(III). At low pH (< 4) the metal ion keeps its complete hydration sphere indicating outer-sphere complexation. With increasing pH the formation of an inner-sphere Eu(III) surface complex was observed. The differences in the spectra and the fluorescence emission lifetimes of the surface sorbed Eu(III) in presence and absence of carbonate indicate the formation of ternary clay/Eu(III)/carbonate complexes. The different europium/clay surface complexes were characterized by their fluorescence emission spectra (5D0→7F1/5D0→7F2intensity ratio) and their fluorescence emission lifetime.
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Stumpf T, Bauer A, Coppin F, Kim JI. Time-resolved laser fluorescence spectroscopy study of the sorption of Cm(III) onto smectite and kaolinite. Environ Sci Technol 2001; 35:3691-3694. [PMID: 11783646 DOI: 10.1021/es001995o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
For long-term performance assessment of nuclear waste repositories knowledge concerning interactions of actinides with mineral surfaces is imperative. The mobility and bioavailability of released radionuclides is strongly dependent on sorption/desorption processes onto mineral surfaces. Therefore it is necessary to characterize the surface species formed and to elucidate the reaction mechanisms involved. The high fluorescence spectroscopic sensitivity of Cm(III) has attracted our interest regarding the complexation process of Cm(III) onto smectite and kaolinite as a model system for the sorption of trivalent actinides in the trace concentration range. We conclude that at low pH Cm(III) is sorbed onto kaolinite and smectite as an outer-sphere complex and retains its complete primary hydration sphere. With increasing pH inner-sphere adsorption onto kaolinite and smectite occurs via the aluminol edge sites. The same evolution of the Cm(III)-clay surface species as a function of pH was observed for both minerals. Starting at a pH > or = 5 we observe the formation of a [triple bond]Al-O-Cm2+(H2O)5 surface complex, which is replaced by a second species at higher pH. The second surface complex may be a monodentate [triple bond]Al-O-Cm+(OH)(H2O)4 species or bidentate [triple bond](Al-O)2-Cm+(H2O)5 species. The Cm(III)/clay surface complexes are characterized bytheir emission spectra (peak maxima at 598.8 and 603.3 nm) and their fluorescence lifetime (both 110 +/- 7 micros). An important result in view of the mobility and bioavailability of radionuclides is that no incorporation of Cm(III) into the bulk clay structure was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Stumpf
- Forschungszentrum Rossendorf, Institut für Radiochemie, Dresden, Germany.
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Dell D, Chamberlain J, Coppin F. Determination of cefotaxime and desacetylcefotaxime in plasma and urine by high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr 1981; 226:431-40. [PMID: 6274890 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(00)86077-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
A high-performance liquid chromatographic method is described for the analysis of the anti-bacterial agent cefotaxime and desacetylcefotaxime in physiological fluids. Plasma or serum samples were mixed with chloroform--acetone to remove proteins and most lipid material. The aqueous phase was then freeze-dried, reconstituted in mobile phase and chromatographed on a reversed-phase column using UV detection at 262 nm. Urine was analysed directly after centrifugation to remove particulate matter. The detection limit was 0.5--1.0 micrograms/ml for serum and 5 micrograms/ml for urine. The method has been applied to the analyses of cefotaxime and desacetylcefotaxime in plasma, serum, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, saliva, and pus from infected wound secretions. Two additional metabolites, which are lactones in which the beta-lactam ring has been opened, could be separated by this method.
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