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Baldrick FR, McFadden K, Ibars M, Sung C, Moffatt T, Megarry K, Thomas K, Mitchell P, Wallace JMW, Pourshahidi LK, Ternan NG, Corona G, Spencer J, Yaqoob P, Hotchkiss S, Campbell R, Moreno-Rojas JM, Cuevas FJ, Pereira-Caro G, Rowland I, Gill CIR. Impact of a (poly)phenol-rich extract from the brown algae Ascophyllum nodosum on DNA damage and antioxidant activity in an overweight or obese population: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2018; 108:688-700. [PMID: 30321272 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqy147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Epidemiologic evidence suggests that a diet rich in (poly)phenols has beneficial effects on many chronic diseases. Brown seaweed is a rich source of (poly)phenols. Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the bioavailability and effect of a brown seaweed (Ascophyllum nodosum) (poly)phenol extract on DNA damage, oxidative stress, and inflammation in vivo. Design A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial was conducted in 80 participants aged 30-65 y with a body mass index (in kg/m2) ≥25. The participants consumed either a 400-mg capsule containing 100 mg seaweed (poly)phenol and 300 mg maltodextrin or a 400-mg maltodextrin placebo control capsule daily for an 8-wk period. Bioactivity was assessed with a panel of blood-based markers including lymphocyte DNA damage, plasma oxidant capacity, C-reactive protein (CRP), and inflammatory cytokines. To explore the bioavailability of seaweed phenolics, an untargeted metabolomics analysis of urine and plasma samples after seaweed consumption was determined by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry. Results Consumption of the seaweed (poly)phenols resulted in a modest decrease in DNA damage but only in a subset of the total population who were obese. There were no significant changes in CRP, antioxidant status, or inflammatory cytokines. We identified phlorotannin metabolites that are considered potential biomarkers of seaweed consumption including pyrogallol/phloroglucinol-sulfate, hydroxytrifurahol A-glucuronide, dioxinodehydroeckol-glucuronide, diphlorethol sulfates, C-O-C dimer of phloroglucinol sulfate, and C-O-C dimer of phloroglucinol. Conclusions To the best of our knowledge, this work represents the first comprehensive study investigating the bioactivity and bioavailability of seaweed (poly)phenolics in human participants. We identified several potential biomarkers of seaweed consumption. Intriguingly, the modest improvements in DNA damage were observed only in the obese subset of the total population. The subgroup analysis should be considered exploratory because it was not preplanned; therefore, it was not powered adequately. Elucidation of the biology underpinning this observation will require participant stratification according to weight in future studies. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02295878.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francina R Baldrick
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health, University of Ulster, Coleraine, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin McFadden
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health, University of Ulster, Coleraine, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Ibars
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health, University of Ulster, Coleraine, United Kingdom
| | - Chris Sung
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health, University of Ulster, Coleraine, United Kingdom
| | - Tanya Moffatt
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health, University of Ulster, Coleraine, United Kingdom
| | - Kate Megarry
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health, University of Ulster, Coleraine, United Kingdom
| | - Keith Thomas
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Centre for Molecular Biosciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Mitchell
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health, University of Ulster, Coleraine, United Kingdom
| | - Julie M W Wallace
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health, University of Ulster, Coleraine, United Kingdom
| | - L Kirsty Pourshahidi
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health, University of Ulster, Coleraine, United Kingdom
| | - Nigel G Ternan
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health, University of Ulster, Coleraine, United Kingdom
| | - Giulia Corona
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
- Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Roehampton, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy Spencer
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Parveen Yaqoob
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Hotchkiss
- CyberColloids Ltd., Carrigaline Industrial Estate, Carrigaline, Ireland
| | - Ross Campbell
- CyberColloids Ltd., Carrigaline Industrial Estate, Carrigaline, Ireland
| | | | | | - Gema Pereira-Caro
- Department of Food Science and Health, IFAPA-Alameda del Obispo, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Ian Rowland
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Chris I R Gill
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health, University of Ulster, Coleraine, United Kingdom
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Cuevas FJ, Pereira-Caro G, Moreno-Rojas JM, Muñoz-Redondo JM, Ruiz-Moreno MJ. Assessment of premium organic orange juices authenticity using HPLC-HR-MS and HS-SPME-GC-MS combining data fusion and chemometrics. Food Control 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2017.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Muñoz-Redondo JM, Cuevas FJ, León JM, Ramírez P, Moreno-Rojas JM, Ruiz-Moreno MJ. Quantitative Profiling of Ester Compounds Using HS-SPME-GC-MS and Chemometrics for Assessing Volatile Markers of the Second Fermentation in Bottle. J Agric Food Chem 2017; 65:2768-2775. [PMID: 28285522 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b05265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A quantitative approach using HS-SPME-GC-MS was performed to investigate the ester changes related to the second fermentation in bottle. The contribution of the type of base wine to the final wine style is detailed. Furthermore, a discriminant model was developed based on ester changes according to the second fermentation (with 100% sensitivity and specificity values). The application of a double-check criteria according to univariate and multivariate analyses allowed the identification of potential volatile markers related to the second fermentation. Some of them presented a synthesis-ratio around 3-fold higher after this period and they are known to play a key role in wine aroma. Up to date, this is the first study reporting the role of esters as markers of the second fermentation. The methodology described in this study confirmed its suitability for the wine aroma field. The results contribute to enhance our understanding of this fermentative step.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Manuel Muñoz-Redondo
- Postharvest technology and food industry department, Andalusian Institute of Agricultural and Fisheries Research and Training (IFAPA), Centro Alameda del Obispo , Avda Menéndez Pidal, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Francisco Julián Cuevas
- Postharvest technology and food industry department, Andalusian Institute of Agricultural and Fisheries Research and Training (IFAPA), Centro Alameda del Obispo , Avda Menéndez Pidal, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Juan Manuel León
- Crop production department, Andalusian Institute of Agricultural and Fisheries Research and Training (IFAPA), Centro Cabra-Priego , Ctra Cabra-Doña Mencía, km 2.5, 11940 Cabra, Spain
| | - Pilar Ramírez
- Crop production department, Andalusian Institute of Agricultural and Fisheries Research and Training (IFAPA), Centro Cabra-Priego , Ctra Cabra-Doña Mencía, km 2.5, 11940 Cabra, Spain
| | - José Manuel Moreno-Rojas
- Postharvest technology and food industry department, Andalusian Institute of Agricultural and Fisheries Research and Training (IFAPA), Centro Alameda del Obispo , Avda Menéndez Pidal, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - María José Ruiz-Moreno
- Postharvest technology and food industry department, Andalusian Institute of Agricultural and Fisheries Research and Training (IFAPA), Centro Alameda del Obispo , Avda Menéndez Pidal, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
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Cuevas FJ, Moreno-Rojas JM, Ruiz-Moreno MJ. Assessing a traceability technique in fresh oranges (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) with an HS-SPME-GC-MS method. Towards a volatile characterisation of organic oranges. Food Chem 2017; 221:1930-1938. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.11.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Cuevas FJ, Moreno-Rojas JM, Arroyo F, Daza A, Ruiz-Moreno MJ. Effect of management (organic vs conventional) on volatile profiles of six plum cultivars (Prunus salicina Lindl.). A chemometric approach for varietal classification and determination of potential markers. Food Chem 2015; 199:479-84. [PMID: 26775998 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.12.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The volatile profiles of six plum cultivars ('Laetitia', 'Primetime', 'Sapphire', 'Showtime', 'Songold' and 'Souvenir') produced under two management systems (conventional and organic) and harvested in two consecutive years were obtained by HS-SPME-GC-MS. Twenty-five metabolites were determined, five of which (pentanal, (E)-2-heptenal, 1-octanol, eucalyptol and 2-pentylfuran) are reported for the first time in Prunus salicina Lindl. Hexanal stood out as a major volatile compound affected by the management system. In addition, partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) achieved an effective classification of genotypes based on their volatile profiles. A high classification accuracy model was obtained with a sensitivity of 97.9% and a specificity of 99.6%. Furthermore, the application of a dual criterion, based on a method of variable selection, VIP (variable importance in projection) and the results of a univariate analysis (ANOVA), allowed the identification of potential volatile markers in 'Primetime', 'Showtime' and 'Souvenir' genotypes (cultivars not characterised to date).
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Affiliation(s)
- F J Cuevas
- Postharvest Technology and Agrifood Industry Area, Andalusian Institute of Agricultural and Fishering Research and Training (IFAPA) Alameda del Obispo, Córdoba, Spain
| | - J M Moreno-Rojas
- Postharvest Technology and Agrifood Industry Area, Andalusian Institute of Agricultural and Fishering Research and Training (IFAPA) Alameda del Obispo, Córdoba, Spain.
| | - F Arroyo
- Organic Production and Natural Resources, Andalusian Institute of Agricultural and Fishering Research and Training (IFAPA) Las Torres-Tomejil, Seville, Spain
| | - A Daza
- Organic Production and Natural Resources, Andalusian Institute of Agricultural and Fishering Research and Training (IFAPA) Las Torres-Tomejil, Seville, Spain
| | - M J Ruiz-Moreno
- Postharvest Technology and Agrifood Industry Area, Andalusian Institute of Agricultural and Fishering Research and Training (IFAPA) Alameda del Obispo, Córdoba, Spain
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Cuevas FJ, Pradas I, Ruiz‐Moreno MJ, Arroyo FT, Perez-Romero LF, Montenegro JC, Moreno‐Rojas JM. Effect of Organic and Conventional Management on Bio-Functional Quality of Thirteen Plum Cultivars (Prunus salicina Lindl.). PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136596. [PMID: 26313546 PMCID: PMC4551474 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, thirteen Japanese plum cultivars (Prunus salicina Lindl.) grown under conventional and organic conditions were compared to evaluate the influence of the culture system on bioactive compounds. Their organic acids content (malic, citric, tartaric, succinic, shikimic, ascorbic and fumaric acid), total polyphenols, total anthocyanins, total carotenoids and antioxidant capacity (FRAP, ABTS) were evaluated. The study was performed during two consecutive seasons (2012 and 2013) in two experimental orchards located at the IFAPA centre Las Torres-Tomejil (Seville, SW Spain). The culture system affected all the studied parameters except for total carotenoid content. The organic plums had significantly higher polyphenol and anthocyanin concentrations and a greater antioxidant capacity. Additionally, significant differences between cultivars were also found. ‘Showtime’ and ‘Friar’ were the cultivars with the highest polyphenol concentration and antioxidant capacity. ‘Black Amber’ had the highest anthocyanin content and ‘Larry Ann’ and ‘Songold’ the highest carotenoid content. ‘Sapphire’ and ‘Black amber’ were the cultivars with the highest concentration of ascorbic acid. Our results showed a strong year effect. In conclusion, organic management had an impact on the production of phytochemical compounds in plums.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Julián Cuevas
- Postharvest Technology and Agrifood Industry Area, Andalusian Institute of Agricultural and Fishering Research and Training (IFAPA), Alameda del Obispo, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Pradas
- Postharvest Technology and Agrifood Industry Area, Andalusian Institute of Agricultural and Fishering Research and Training (IFAPA), Alameda del Obispo, Córdoba, Spain
| | - María José Ruiz‐Moreno
- Postharvest Technology and Agrifood Industry Area, Andalusian Institute of Agricultural and Fishering Research and Training (IFAPA), Alameda del Obispo, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Francisco Teodoro Arroyo
- Organic Production and Natural Resources, Andalusian Institute of Agricultural and Fishering Research and Training (IFAPA), Las Torres-Tomejil, Seville, Spain
| | - Luis Felipe Perez-Romero
- Organic Production and Natural Resources, Andalusian Institute of Agricultural and Fishering Research and Training (IFAPA), Las Torres-Tomejil, Seville, Spain
| | - José Carlos Montenegro
- Postharvest Technology and Agrifood Industry Area, Andalusian Institute of Agricultural and Fishering Research and Training (IFAPA), Alameda del Obispo, Córdoba, Spain
| | - José Manuel Moreno‐Rojas
- Postharvest Technology and Agrifood Industry Area, Andalusian Institute of Agricultural and Fishering Research and Training (IFAPA), Alameda del Obispo, Córdoba, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Cholesterol is known to affect the activity of membrane-bound enzymes, including Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase. To gain insight into the mechanism of cholesterol's effect, we have used various hydrophobic fluorescent probes which insert into different regions of the membrane bilayer and report on the degree of hydration of their environment. Specifially, we have measured the generalized polarization of Laurdan and the lifetime of DPH and derivatives of DPH inserted into membranes from pig kidneys enriched in Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase. Spectral measurements were also carried out on these membranes after modification of their cholesterol content. The generalized polarization of Laurdan increased with increasing cholesterol, showing an abrupt modification at the native cholesterol content. The fluorescence lifetimes of DPH and the DPH derivatives were analyzed using a distribution model. The center value of these lifetime distributions and their widths also changed with increasing cholesterol. One DPH derivative, DPH-PC, showed a minimum value for the lifetime center at the native cholesterol concentration, whereas the other derivatives showed a maximum value for the lifetime center at that cholesterol concentration. DPH-PC is known to sense the protein-lipid interface, whereas the other derivatives sense the bulk lipid phase. These data suggest that hydration at the protein-lipid interface is maximal at the native cholesterol concentration as is the enzymatic activity. Hydration at the protein-lipid interface is therefore proposed to be required for activity. These results are in agreement with current models of membrane dynamics and thermodynamics of protein function.
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Affiliation(s)
- C P Sotomayor
- Istituto de Química, Universidad Catolica de Valparaiso, Av. Brasil 2950, Valparaíso, Chile
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Servin M, Cuevas FJ, Malacara D, Marroquin JL. Direct ray aberration estimation in Hartmanngrams by use of a regularized phase-tracking system. Appl Opt 1999; 38:2862-2869. [PMID: 18319867 DOI: 10.1364/ao.38.002862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The Hartmann test is a well-known technique for testing large telescope mirrors. The Hartmann technique samples the wave front under analysis by use of a screen of uniformly spaced array of holes located at the pupil plane. The traditional technique used to gather quantitative data requires the measurement of the centroid of these holes as imaged near the paraxial focus. The deviation from its unaberrated uniform position is proportional to the slope of the wave-front asphericity. The centroid estimation is normally done manually with the aid of a microscope or a densitometer; however, newer automatic fringe-processing techniques that use the synchronous detection technique or the Fourier phase-estimation method may also be used. Here we propose a new technique based on a regularized phase-tracking (RPT) system to detect the transverse aberration in Hartmanngrams in a direct way. That is, it takes the dotted pattern of the Hartmanngram as input, and as output the RPT system gives the unwrapped transverse ray aberration in just one step. Our RPT is compared with the synchronous and the Fourier methods, which may be regarded as its closest competitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Servin
- Centro de Investigaciones en Optica AC, Apartado Postal 1-948, 37150 Leon, Gto, Mexico
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Servin M, Cuevas FJ, Malacara D, Marroquin JL, Rodriguez-Vera R. Phase unwrapping through demodulation by use of the regularized phase-tracking technique. Appl Opt 1999; 38:1934-1941. [PMID: 18319748 DOI: 10.1364/ao.38.001934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Most interferogram demodulation techniques give the detected phase wrapped owing to the arctangent function involved in the final step of the demodulation process. To obtain a continuous detected phase, an unwrapping process must be performed. Here we propose a phase-unwrapping technique based on a regularized phase-tracking (RPT) system. Phase unwrapping is achieved in two steps. First, we obtain two phase-shifted fringe patterns from the demodulated wrapped phase (the sine and the cosine), then demodulate them by using the RPT technique. In the RPT technique the unwrapping process is achieved simultaneously with the demodulation process so that the final goal of unwrapping is therefore achieved. The RPT method for unwrapping the phase is compared with the technique of least-squares integration of wrapped phase differences to outline the substantial noise robustness of the RPT technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Servin
- Centro de Investigaciones en Optica A C, Apartado Postal 1-948, 37150 Leon, Gto, Mexico
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Abstract
We develop a regularized phase-tracking (RPT) technique tounwrap phase maps. The phase maps that can be unwrapped with thisnew method may be bounded by arbitrarily shaped boundaries. Moreover, the RPT unwrapper has a higher noise robustness than previously reported phase-unwrapping schemes.
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Servin M, Marroquin JL, Cuevas FJ. Demodulation of a single interferogram by use of a two-dimensional regularized phase-tracking technique. Appl Opt 1997; 36:4540-4548. [PMID: 18259248 DOI: 10.1364/ao.36.004540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We present a two-dimensional regularized phase-tracking technique that is capable of demodulating a single fringe pattern with either open or closed fringes. The proposed regularized phase-tracking system gives the detected phase continuously so that no further unwrapping is needed over the detected phase.
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Abstract
A technique for unwrapping subsampled phase maps is presented. The subsampled phase map is obtained by standard phase-shifting methods that use subsampled interferograms. The technique then estimates the wrapped local curvature of the subsampled phase map. This local curvature is then low-pass filtered with a free-boundary low-pass filter to reduce phase noise. Finally the estimated local curvature of the wave front is integrated by the use of a least-squares technique to obtain the searched continuous wave front.
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