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Villanueva GL, Hammel HB, Milam SN, Faggi S, Kofman V, Roth L, Hand KP, Paganini L, Stansberry J, Spencer J, Protopapa S, Strazzulla G, Cruz-Mermy G, Glein CR, Cartwright R, Liuzzi G. Endogenous CO 2 ice mixture on the surface of Europa and no detection of plume activity. Science 2023; 381:1305-1308. [PMID: 37733858 DOI: 10.1126/science.adg4270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Jupiter's moon Europa has a subsurface ocean beneath an icy crust. Conditions within the ocean are unknown, and it is unclear whether it is connected to the surface. We observed Europa with the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) to search for active release of material by probing its surface and atmosphere. A search for plumes yielded no detection of water, carbon monoxide, methanol, ethane, or methane fluorescence emissions. Four spectral features of carbon dioxide (CO2) ice were detected; their spectral shapes and distribution across Europa's surface indicate that the CO2 is mixed with other compounds and concentrated in Tara Regio. The 13CO2 absorption is consistent with an isotopic ratio of 12C/13C = 83 ± 19. We interpret these observations as indicating that carbon is sourced from within Europa.
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Affiliation(s)
- G L Villanueva
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
| | - H B Hammel
- Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Washington, DC 20004, USA
| | - S N Milam
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
| | - S Faggi
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
- American University, Washington, DC 20016, USA
| | - V Kofman
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
- American University, Washington, DC 20016, USA
| | - L Roth
- Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm 104 50, Sweden
| | - K P Hand
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | - L Paganini
- NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC 20546, USA
| | - J Stansberry
- Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - J Spencer
- Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO 80302, USA
| | - S Protopapa
- Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO 80302, USA
| | - G Strazzulla
- Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - G Cruz-Mermy
- Universite Paris-Sarclay, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - C R Glein
- Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78238, USA
| | - R Cartwright
- Carl Sagan Center for Research, Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence Institute, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA
| | - G Liuzzi
- Università degli Studi della Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy
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2
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Olive P, Hives L, Ashton A, O’Brien MC, Taylor A, Mercer G, Horsfield C, Carey R, Jassat R, Spencer J, Wilson N. Psychological and psychosocial aspects of major trauma care: A survey of current practice across UK and Ireland. Trauma 2023. [DOI: 10.1177/14604086221145529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Psychological and psychosocial impacts of major trauma, defined as any injury that has the potential to be life-threatening and/or life changing, are common, far-reaching and often enduring. There is evidence that these aspects of major trauma care are often underserved. The aim of this research was to gain insight into the current provision and operationalisation of psychological and psychosocial aspects of major trauma care across the UK and Ireland. Methods A cross-sectional online survey, open to health professionals working in major trauma network hospitals was undertaken. The survey had 69 questions across six sections: Participant Demographics, Psychological First Aid, Psychosocial Assessment and Care, Assessing and Responding to Distress, Clinical Psychology Services, and Major Trauma Keyworker (Coordinator) Role. Results There were 102 respondents from across the regions and from a range of professional groups. Survey findings indicate a lack of formalised systems to assess, respond and evaluate psychological and psychosocial aspects of major trauma care, most notably for patients with lower-level distress and psychosocial support needs, and for trauma populations that don't reach threshold for serious injury or complex health need. The findings highlight the role of major trauma keyworkers (coordinators) in psychosocial aspects of care and that although major trauma clinical psychology services are increasingly embedded, many lack the capacity to meet demand. Conclusion Neglecting psychological and psychosocial aspects of major trauma care may extend peritraumatic distress, result in preventable Years Lived with Disability and widen post-trauma health inequalities. A stepped psychological and psychosocial care pathway for major trauma patients and their families from the point of injury and continuing as they move through services towards recovery is needed. Research to fulfil knowledge gaps to develop and implement such a model for major trauma populations should be prioritised along with the development of corresponding service specifications for providers.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Olive
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Health and Care, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
| | - L Hives
- Research Facilitation and Delivery Unit, Applied Health Research Hub, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
| | - A Ashton
- Psychology Service, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Preston, UK
| | - MC O’Brien
- Neuropsychology Department, Kings College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - A Taylor
- Trauma Orthopaedics, East Lancashire Hospitals NHS Trust, Blackburn, UK
| | - G Mercer
- Acute Rehabilitation Trauma Unit, Royal Stoke University Hospital, University Hospitals of North Midlands NHS Trust, Stoke-on-Trent, UK
| | - C Horsfield
- West Yorkshire Critical Care & Major Trauma Operational Delivery Networks and South Yorkshire & Bassetlaw Critical Care ODN, Leeds, UK
| | - R Carey
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Health and Care, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
| | - R Jassat
- School of Medicine, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
| | - J Spencer
- Research Facilitation and Delivery Unit, Applied Health Research Hub, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
| | - N Wilson
- Research Facilitation and Delivery Unit, Applied Health Research Hub, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
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Huarte E, Serra G, Monteagudo-Mera A, Spencer J, Cid C, de Peña MP. Raw and Sous-Vide-Cooked Red Cardoon Stalks ( Cynara cardunculus L. var. altilis DC): (Poly)phenol Bioaccessibility, Anti-inflammatory Activity in the Gastrointestinal Tract, and Prebiotic Activity. J Agric Food Chem 2021; 69:9270-9286. [PMID: 34347467 PMCID: PMC8389834 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c03014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The in vitro anti-inflammatory and prebiotic activity and the content and profile of bioaccessible (poly)phenols and catabolites of raw and sous-vide-cooked red cardoon (Cynara cardunculus L. var. altilis DC) were investigated during gastrointestinal (GI) digestion. Raw cardoon after in vitro GI digestion had 0.7% bioaccessible (poly)phenols, which protected against lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation by counteracting IL-8, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-10 secretions in differentiated Caco-2 cells. Contrarily, GI-digested sous vide cardoon showed higher (poly)phenol bioaccessibility (59.8%) and exerted proinflammatory effects in Caco-2 cells. (Poly)phenols were highly metabolized during the first 8 h of in vitro fermentation, and nine catabolites were produced during 48 h of fermentation. Colonic-fermented raw and sous-vide-cooked cardoon did not show anti-inflammatory activity in HT-29 cells but presented potential prebiotic activity, comparable to the commercial prebiotic FOS, by stimulating health-promoting bacteria such as Bifidobacterium spp. and Lactobacillus/Enterococcus spp. and by increasing the production of total SCFAs, especially acetate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estíbaliz Huarte
- Departamento
de Ciencias de la Alimentación y Fisiología, Facultad
de Farmacia y Nutrición, Universidad
de Navarra, C/ Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Gessica Serra
- Department
of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University
of Reading, Whiteknights, P.O. Box 226, RG6 6AP Reading, U.K.
| | - Andrea Monteagudo-Mera
- Department
of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University
of Reading, Whiteknights, P.O. Box 226, RG6 6AP Reading, U.K.
| | - Jeremy Spencer
- Department
of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University
of Reading, Whiteknights, P.O. Box 226, RG6 6AP Reading, U.K.
| | - Concepción Cid
- Departamento
de Ciencias de la Alimentación y Fisiología, Facultad
de Farmacia y Nutrición, Universidad
de Navarra, C/ Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- IdiSNA,
Navarra Institute for Health Research, C/ Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - María-Paz de Peña
- Departamento
de Ciencias de la Alimentación y Fisiología, Facultad
de Farmacia y Nutrición, Universidad
de Navarra, C/ Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- IdiSNA,
Navarra Institute for Health Research, C/ Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
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Howley C, Shellberg J, Olley J, Brooks A, Spencer J, Burford M. Sediment and nutrient sources and sinks in a wet-dry tropical catchment draining to the Great Barrier Reef. Mar Pollut Bull 2021; 165:112080. [PMID: 33740597 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Many tropical river systems have altered water quality due to human land use, impacting the biodiversity of freshwater and coastal ecosystems. Long-term, catchment-scale monitoring is needed to understand pollutant sources, controls, and trends. This 12-year study monitored baseflow and flood event nutrient and sediment concentrations, and estimated sediment loads across the Normanby Basin in northern Australia. Suspended sediment concentrations and yields were highest in upper catchment areas where cattle grazing occurred on erosion-prone sodic soils. Mid- and lower catchment rivers and floodplains were a sink for sediments and nutrients, trapping around 75% of suspended sediments during events. Clays (<4 μm) were preferentially transported to the estuary, with an estimated 46% sediment delivery ratio. In the estuary, suspended sediment concentrations were influenced by tidal resuspension processes and there were significant sources of DIN. These findings can help prioritise land management investments for the protection of Great Barrier Reef and freshwater ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Howley
- Howley Environmental Consulting, Cooktown, Qld 4895, Australia; Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, Qld 4111, Australia.
| | - J Shellberg
- Shell Hydrologic, Cooktown, Qld 4985, Australia
| | - J Olley
- Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, Qld 4111, Australia
| | - A Brooks
- Centre for Coastal Management, Griffith University, Southport, Qld 4222, Australia
| | - J Spencer
- Centre for Coastal Management, Griffith University, Southport, Qld 4222, Australia
| | - M Burford
- Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, Qld 4111, Australia
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5
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Spencer J, Soycan G, Corona G, Johnson J, Chu Y, Shewry P, Lovegrove A. Chronic Vascular Effects of Oat Phenolic Acids and Avenanthramides in Pre- or Stage 1 Hypertensive Adults. Curr Dev Nutr 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzaa045_111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Wholegrain consumption is linked to a lower risk of cardiovascular disease. Evidence have established that the consumption of wholegrain oats lowers blood cholesterol, via a mechanism partly mediated by β-glucan. However, oats contain an array of phenolics, including ferulic acid and avenanthramides, which may also contribute to the cardiovascular health benefits. We investigated whether daily consumption of oat phenolics leads to improvement of markers of CVDrisks in adults.
Methods
In a 3 arm crossover double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 28 volunteers consumed either: 1) oatmeal/oatcake intervention (68.1 mg of phenolics); 2) oatbran concentrate + rice porridge/wheat cracker (38.9 mg of phenolics) or 3) rice porridge/wheat cracker (13.8 mg of phenolic acids) for 4 weeks. All treatments were matched in macro nutrients, energy (500 kcal) and total soluble fiber (4.8 g). The primary endpoint was flow mediated dilatation (FMD) and other cardiovascular endpoints were laser doppler imaging, 24 h blood pressure and LDL/HDL cholesterol.
Results
Consumption of high phenolic oats led to a significant improvement in 24-hour SBP (−1.16 mm Hg), night time SBP (−5.1 mm Hg) and night time DBP (−2.3 mm Hg) (P < 0.05, P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively). Our data indicate a non-significant increase by 1.09% ± 0.41% in FMD following high phenolic oat intake. Small increases in microvascular function and small decreases in total and LDL cholesterol after the consumption of moderate and high phenolic oats did not achieve significance.
Conclusions
The findings of this study provide evidence that phenolic components in oats may in part, underpin their beneficial actions in cardiovascular protection.
Funding Sources
Biological and Biotechnological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC).
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Kamsri P, Punkvang A, Hannongbua S, Suttisintong K, Kittakoop P, Spencer J, Mulholland AJ, Pungpo P. In silico study directed towards identification of the key structural features of GyrB inhibitors targeting MTB DNA gyrase: HQSAR, CoMSIA and molecular dynamics simulations. SAR QSAR Environ Res 2019; 30:775-800. [PMID: 31607177 DOI: 10.1080/1062936x.2019.1658218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA gyrase subunit B (GyrB) has been identified as a promising target for rational drug design against fluoroquinolone drug-resistant tuberculosis. In this study, we attempted to identify the key structural feature for highly potent GyrB inhibitors through 2D-QSAR using HQSAR, 3D-QSAR using CoMSIA and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations approaches on a series of thiazole urea core derivatives. The best HQSAR and CoMSIA models based on IC50 and MIC displayed the structural basis required for good activity against both GyrB enzyme and mycobacterial cell. MD simulations and binding free energy analysis using MM-GBSA and waterswap calculations revealed that the urea core of inhibitors has the strongest interaction with Asp79 via hydrogen bond interactions. In addition, cation-pi interaction and hydrophobic interactions of the R2 substituent with Arg82 and Arg141 help to enhance the binding affinity in the GyrB ATPase binding site. Thus, the present study provides crucial structural features and a structural concept for rational design of novel DNA gyrase inhibitors with improved biological activities against both enzyme and mycobacterial cell, and with good pharmacokinetic properties and drug safety profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Kamsri
- Division of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Nakhon Phanom University , Nakhon Phanon , Thailand
| | - A Punkvang
- Division of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Nakhon Phanom University , Nakhon Phanon , Thailand
| | - S Hannongbua
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University , Bangkok , Thailand
| | - K Suttisintong
- National Nanotechnology Center, NSTDA , Pathum Thani , Thailand
| | - P Kittakoop
- Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Chemical Biology Program, Chulabhorn Royal Academy , Bangkok , Thailand
- Chulabhorn Research Institute , Bangkok , Thailand
- Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), CHE, Ministry of Education , Bangkok , Thailand
| | - J Spencer
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol , Bristol , UK
| | - A J Mulholland
- Centre for Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol , Bristol , UK
| | - P Pungpo
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ubon Ratchathani University , Ubon Ratchathani , Thailand
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7
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Buratti BJ, Thomas PC, Roussos E, Howett C, Seiß M, Hendrix AR, Helfenstein P, Brown RH, Clark RN, Denk T, Filacchione G, Hoffmann H, Jones GH, Khawaja N, Kollmann P, Krupp N, Lunine J, Momary TW, Paranicas C, Postberg F, Sachse M, Spahn F, Spencer J, Srama R, Albin T, Baines KH, Ciarniello M, Economou T, Hsu HW, Kempf S, Krimigis SM, Mitchell D, Moragas-Klostermeyer G, Nicholson PD, Porco CC, Rosenberg H, Simolka J, Soderblom LA. Close Cassini flybys of Saturn’s ring moons Pan, Daphnis, Atlas, Pandora, and Epimetheus. Science 2019; 364:science.aat2349. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aat2349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Saturn’s main ring system is associated with a set of small moons that either are embedded within it or interact with the rings to alter their shape and composition. Five close flybys of the moons Pan, Daphnis, Atlas, Pandora, and Epimetheus were performed between December 2016 and April 2017 during the ring-grazing orbits of the Cassini mission. Data on the moons’ morphology, structure, particle environment, and composition were returned, along with images in the ultraviolet and thermal infrared. We find that the optical properties of the moons’ surfaces are determined by two competing processes: contamination by a red material formed in Saturn’s main ring system and accretion of bright icy particles or water vapor from volcanic plumes originating on the moon Enceladus.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. J. Buratti
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | - P. C. Thomas
- Cornell Center for Astrophysics and Planetary Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - E. Roussos
- Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - C. Howett
- Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO 80302, USA
| | - M. Seiß
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | | | - P. Helfenstein
- Cornell Center for Astrophysics and Planetary Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - R. H. Brown
- Lunar and Planetary Lab, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - R. N. Clark
- Planetary Sciences Institute, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
| | - T. Denk
- Institute of Geological Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, 12249 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - H. Hoffmann
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | | | - N. Khawaja
- Institute of Geological Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, 12249 Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P. Kollmann
- Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - N. Krupp
- Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - J. Lunine
- Cornell Center for Astrophysics and Planetary Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - T. W. Momary
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | - C. Paranicas
- Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, Laurel, MD 20723, USA
| | - F. Postberg
- Institute of Geological Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, 12249 Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M. Sachse
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - F. Spahn
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - J. Spencer
- Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO 80302, USA
| | - R. Srama
- University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - T. Albin
- University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - K. H. Baines
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | | | - T. Economou
- Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - H.-W. Hsu
- Physics Department, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
| | - S. Kempf
- Physics Department, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
| | - S. M. Krimigis
- Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, Laurel, MD 20723, USA
| | - D. Mitchell
- Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, Laurel, MD 20723, USA
| | | | - P. D. Nicholson
- Cornell Center for Astrophysics and Planetary Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - C. C. Porco
- Space Sciences Institute, Boulder, CO 80301, USA, and Department of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - H. Rosenberg
- Institute of Geological Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, 12249 Berlin, Germany
| | - J. Simolka
- University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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Spencer J, Menegatti Zoca S, Reynolds M, Price W, Shafii B, Ahmadzadeh A. 133 One versus two prostaglandin F2α injections on progesterone concentrations and luteolysis in suckling beef cows subjected to a 5-day controlled internal drug release-Cosynch protocol. J Anim Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky404.764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J Spencer
- University of Idaho, Animal and Veterinary Science,Moscow, ID, United States
| | - S Menegatti Zoca
- University of Idaho, Animal and Veterinary Science,Moscow, ID, United States
| | - M Reynolds
- University of Idaho, Animal and Veterinary Science,Moscow, ID, United States
| | - W Price
- University of Idaho, Statistical Programs,Moscow, ID, United States
| | - B Shafii
- University of Idaho, Statistical Programs,Moscow, ID, United States
| | - A Ahmadzadeh
- University of Idaho, Animal and Veterinary Science,Moscow, ID, United States
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9
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Kean R, Lamport D, Ellis J, Dodd G, Freeman J, Spencer J, Butler L. Chronic consumption of orange juice flavonoids is associated with cognitive benefits: An 8 week randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial in older adults. Appetite 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2018.05.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Baldrick FR, McFadden K, Ibars M, Sung C, Moffatt T, Megarry K, Thomas K, Mitchell P, Wallace JMW, Pourshahidi LK, Ternan NG, Corona G, Spencer J, Yaqoob P, Hotchkiss S, Campbell R, Moreno-Rojas JM, Cuevas FJ, Pereira-Caro G, Rowland I, Gill CIR. Impact of a (poly)phenol-rich extract from the brown algae Ascophyllum nodosum on DNA damage and antioxidant activity in an overweight or obese population: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2018; 108:688-700. [PMID: 30321272 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqy147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Epidemiologic evidence suggests that a diet rich in (poly)phenols has beneficial effects on many chronic diseases. Brown seaweed is a rich source of (poly)phenols. Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the bioavailability and effect of a brown seaweed (Ascophyllum nodosum) (poly)phenol extract on DNA damage, oxidative stress, and inflammation in vivo. Design A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial was conducted in 80 participants aged 30-65 y with a body mass index (in kg/m2) ≥25. The participants consumed either a 400-mg capsule containing 100 mg seaweed (poly)phenol and 300 mg maltodextrin or a 400-mg maltodextrin placebo control capsule daily for an 8-wk period. Bioactivity was assessed with a panel of blood-based markers including lymphocyte DNA damage, plasma oxidant capacity, C-reactive protein (CRP), and inflammatory cytokines. To explore the bioavailability of seaweed phenolics, an untargeted metabolomics analysis of urine and plasma samples after seaweed consumption was determined by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry. Results Consumption of the seaweed (poly)phenols resulted in a modest decrease in DNA damage but only in a subset of the total population who were obese. There were no significant changes in CRP, antioxidant status, or inflammatory cytokines. We identified phlorotannin metabolites that are considered potential biomarkers of seaweed consumption including pyrogallol/phloroglucinol-sulfate, hydroxytrifurahol A-glucuronide, dioxinodehydroeckol-glucuronide, diphlorethol sulfates, C-O-C dimer of phloroglucinol sulfate, and C-O-C dimer of phloroglucinol. Conclusions To the best of our knowledge, this work represents the first comprehensive study investigating the bioactivity and bioavailability of seaweed (poly)phenolics in human participants. We identified several potential biomarkers of seaweed consumption. Intriguingly, the modest improvements in DNA damage were observed only in the obese subset of the total population. The subgroup analysis should be considered exploratory because it was not preplanned; therefore, it was not powered adequately. Elucidation of the biology underpinning this observation will require participant stratification according to weight in future studies. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02295878.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francina R Baldrick
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health, University of Ulster, Coleraine, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin McFadden
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health, University of Ulster, Coleraine, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Ibars
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health, University of Ulster, Coleraine, United Kingdom
| | - Chris Sung
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health, University of Ulster, Coleraine, United Kingdom
| | - Tanya Moffatt
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health, University of Ulster, Coleraine, United Kingdom
| | - Kate Megarry
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health, University of Ulster, Coleraine, United Kingdom
| | - Keith Thomas
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Centre for Molecular Biosciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Mitchell
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health, University of Ulster, Coleraine, United Kingdom
| | - Julie M W Wallace
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health, University of Ulster, Coleraine, United Kingdom
| | - L Kirsty Pourshahidi
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health, University of Ulster, Coleraine, United Kingdom
| | - Nigel G Ternan
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health, University of Ulster, Coleraine, United Kingdom
| | - Giulia Corona
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
- Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Roehampton, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy Spencer
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Parveen Yaqoob
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Hotchkiss
- CyberColloids Ltd., Carrigaline Industrial Estate, Carrigaline, Ireland
| | - Ross Campbell
- CyberColloids Ltd., Carrigaline Industrial Estate, Carrigaline, Ireland
| | | | | | - Gema Pereira-Caro
- Department of Food Science and Health, IFAPA-Alameda del Obispo, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Ian Rowland
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Chris I R Gill
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health, University of Ulster, Coleraine, United Kingdom
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Alharbi M, Lamport D, Butler L, Spencer J. Habitual flavonoid intake and cognitive benefits: A longitudinal investigation in healthy elderly. Clin Nutr 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2018.06.1999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Zirnstein EJ, McComas DJ, Kumar R, Elliott HA, Szalay JR, Olkin CB, Spencer J, Stern SA, Young LA. In Situ Observations of Preferential Pickup Ion Heating at an Interplanetary Shock. Phys Rev Lett 2018; 121:075102. [PMID: 30169088 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.075102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Nonthermal pickup ions (PUIs) are created in the solar wind (SW) by charge-exchange between SW ions (SWIs) and slow interstellar neutral atoms. It has long been theorized, but not directly observed that PUIs should be preferentially heated at quasiperpendicular shocks compared to thermal SWIs. We present in situ observations of interstellar hydrogen (H^{+}) PUIs at an interplanetary shock by the New Horizons' Solar Wind Around Pluto (SWAP) instrument at ∼34 au from the Sun. At this shock, H^{+} PUIs are only a few percent of the total proton density but contain most of the internal particle pressure. A gradual reduction in SW flow speed and simultaneous heating of H^{+} SWIs is observed ahead of the shock, suggesting an upstream energetic particle pressure gradient. H^{+} SWIs lose ∼85% of their energy flux across the shock and H^{+} PUIs are preferentially heated. Moreover, a PUI tail is observed downstream of the shock, such that the energy flux of all H^{+} PUIs is approximately six times that of H^{+} SWIs. We find that H^{+} PUIs, including their suprathermal tail, contain almost half of the total downstream energy flux in the shock frame.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Zirnstein
- Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - D J McComas
- Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
- Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas 78238, USA
| | - R Kumar
- Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - H A Elliott
- Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas 78238, USA
| | - J R Szalay
- Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - C B Olkin
- Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, Colorado 80302, USA
| | - J Spencer
- Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, Colorado 80302, USA
| | - S A Stern
- Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, Colorado 80302, USA
| | - L A Young
- Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, Colorado 80302, USA
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Ocock JF, Bino G, Wassens S, Spencer J, Thomas RF, Kingsford RT. Identifying Critical Habitat for Australian Freshwater Turtles in a Large Regulated Floodplain: Implications for Environmental Water Management. Environ Manage 2018; 61:375-389. [PMID: 28280912 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-017-0837-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Freshwater turtles face many threats, including habitat loss and river regulation reducing occupancy and contributing to population decline. Limited knowledge of hydrological conditions required to maintain viable turtle populations in large floodplain wetlands hinders effective adaptive management of environmental water in regulated rivers. We surveyed three turtle species over 4 years across the Lower Murrumbidgee River floodplain, a large wetland complex with a long history of water resource development. Using site and floodplain metrics and generalized linear models, within a Bayesian Model Averaging framework, we quantified the main drivers affecting turtle abundance. We also used a hierarchical modeling approach, requiring large sample sizes, quantifying possible environmental effects while accounting for detection probabilities of the eastern long-necked turtle (Chelodina longicollis). The three species varied in their responses to hydrological conditions and connectivity to the main river channel. Broad-shelled turtles (Chelodina expansa) and Macquarie River turtles (Emydura macquarii macquarii) had restricted distributions, centered on frequently inundated wetlands close to the river, whereas the eastern long-necked turtles were more widely distributed, indicating an ability to exploit variable habitats. We conclude that turtle communities would benefit from long-term management strategies that maintain a spatiotemporal mosaic of hydrological conditions. More specifically, we identified characteristics of refuge habitats and stress the importance of maintaining their integrity during dry periods. Neighboring habitats can be targeted during increased water availability years to enhance feeding and dispersal opportunities for freshwater turtles.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Ocock
- Institute of Land, Water and Society, Charles Sturt University, Albury, NSW, 2640, Australia.
- Centre for Ecosystem Science, School of Biological, Earth & Environmental Sciences, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
- Water, Wetlands and Coast Science Branch, Science Division, NSW Office of Environment and Heritage, PO Box A290, Sydney South, NSW, 1232, Australia.
| | - G Bino
- Institute of Land, Water and Society, Charles Sturt University, Albury, NSW, 2640, Australia
- Centre for Ecosystem Science, School of Biological, Earth & Environmental Sciences, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - S Wassens
- Institute of Land, Water and Society, Charles Sturt University, Albury, NSW, 2640, Australia
| | - J Spencer
- Institute of Land, Water and Society, Charles Sturt University, Albury, NSW, 2640, Australia
- Centre for Ecosystem Science, School of Biological, Earth & Environmental Sciences, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- Water, Wetlands and Coast Science Branch, Science Division, NSW Office of Environment and Heritage, PO Box A290, Sydney South, NSW, 1232, Australia
| | - R F Thomas
- Institute of Land, Water and Society, Charles Sturt University, Albury, NSW, 2640, Australia
- Centre for Ecosystem Science, School of Biological, Earth & Environmental Sciences, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- Water, Wetlands and Coast Science Branch, Science Division, NSW Office of Environment and Heritage, PO Box A290, Sydney South, NSW, 1232, Australia
| | - R T Kingsford
- Centre for Ecosystem Science, School of Biological, Earth & Environmental Sciences, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
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Williams C, Dodd G, Lamport D, Spencer J, Butler L. EFFECTS OF ANTHOCYANIN-RICH BLUEBERRIES ON COGNITIVE FUNCTION IN HEALTHY YOUNGER AND OLDER ADULTS. Innov Aging 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igx004.5009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- C. Williams
- School of Psychology & Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - G. Dodd
- School of Psychology & Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - D. Lamport
- School of Psychology & Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - J. Spencer
- School of Psychology & Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - L. Butler
- School of Psychology & Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
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Von Seth M, Hillered L, Otterbeck A, Hanslin K, Larsson A, Sjölin J, Lipcsey M, Cove ME, Chew NS, Vu LH, Lim RZ, Puthucheary Z, Hanslin K, Wilske F, Skorup P, Tano E, Sjölin J, Lipcsey M, Derese I, Thiessen S, Derde S, Dufour T, Pauwels L, Bekhuis Y, Van den Berghe G, Vanhorebeek I, Khan M, Dwivedi D, Zhou J, Prat A, Seidah NG, Liaw PC, Fox-Robichaud AE, Von Seth M, Skorup P, Hillered L, Larsson A, Sjölin J, Lipcsey M, Otterbeck A, Hanslin K, Lipcsey M, Larsson A, Von Seth M, Correa T, Pereira J, Takala J, Jakob S, Skorup P, Maudsdotter L, Tano E, Lipcsey M, Castegren M, Larsson A, Sjölin J, Xue M, Xu JY, Liu L, Huang YZ, Guo FM, Yang Y, Qiu HB, Kuzovlev A, Moroz V, Goloubev A, Myazin A, Chumachenko A, Pisarev V, Takeyama N, Tsuda M, Kanou H, Aoki R, Kajita Y, Hashiba M, Terashima T, Tomino A, Davies R, O’Dea KP, Soni S, Ward JK, O’Callaghan DJ, Takata M, Gordon AC, Wilson J, Zhao Y, Singer M, Spencer J, Shankar-Hari M, Genga KR, Lo C, Cirstea MS, Walley KR, Russell JA, Linder A, Boyd JH, Sedlag A, Riedel C, Georgieff M, Barth E, Debain A, Jonckheer J, Moeyersons W, Van zwam K, Puis L, Staessens K, Honoré PM, Spapen HD, De Waele E, de Garibay APR, Bracht H, Ende-Schneider B, Schreiber C, Kreymann B, Bini A, Votino E, Giuliano G, Steinberg I, Vetrugno L, Trunfio D, Sidoti A, Essig A, Brogi E, Forfori F, Conroy M, Marsh B, O’Flynn J, Henne-Bruns D, Gebhard F, Orend K, Halatsch M, Weiss M, Chase M, Freinkman E, Uber A, Liu X, Cocchi MN, Donnino MW, Peetermans M, Liesenborghs L, Claes J, Vanassche T, Hoylaerts M, Jacquemin M, Vanhoorelbeke K, De Meyer S, Verhamme P, Vögeli A, Ottiger M, Meier M, Steuer C, Bernasconi L, Huber A, Christ-Crain M, Henzen C, Hoess C, Thomann R, Zimmerli W, Müller B, Schütz P, Hoppensteadt D, Walborn A, Rondina M, Tsuruta K, Fareed J, Tachyla S, Ikeda T, Ono S, Ueno T, Suda S, Nagura T, Damiani E, Domizi R, Scorcella C, Tondi S, Pierantozzi S, Ciucani S, Mininno N, Adrario E, Pelaia P, Donati A, Andersen MS, Lu S, Lopez G, Lassen AT, Ghiran I, Shapiro NI, Trahtemberg U, Sviri S, Beil M, Agur Z, Van Heerden P, Jahaj E, Vassiliou A, Mastora Z, Orfanos SE, Kotanidou A, Wirz Y, Sager R, Amin D, Amin A, Haubitz S, Hausfater P, Huber A, Kutz A, Mueller B, Schuetz P, Sager RS, Wirz YW, Amin DA, Amin AA, Hausfater PH, Huber AH, Haubitz S, Kutz A, Mueller B, Schuetz P, Gottin L, Dell’amore C, Stringari G, Cogo G, Ceolagraziadei M, Sommavilla M, Soldani F, Polati E, Meier M, Baumgartner T, Zurauskaité G, Gupta S, Mueller B, Devendra A, Schuetz P, Mandaci D, Eren G, Ozturk F, Emir N, Hergunsel O, Azaiez S, Khedher S, Maaoui A, Salem M, Chernevskaya E, Beloborodova N, Bedova A, Sarshor YU, Pautova A, Gusarov V, Öveges N, László I, Forgács M, Kiss T, Hankovszky P, Palágyi P, Bebes A, Gubán B, Földesi I, Araczki Á, Telkes M, Ondrik Z, Helyes Z, Kemény Á, Molnár Z, Spanuth E, Ebelt H, Ivandic B, Thomae R, Werdan K, El-Shafie M, Taema K, El-Hallag M, Kandeel A, Tayeh O, Taema K, Eldesouky M, Omara A, Winkler MS, Holzmann M, Nierhaus A, Mudersbach E, Schwedhelm E, Daum G, Kluge S, Zoellner C, Greiwe G, Sawari H, Schwedhelm E, Nierhaus A, Kluge S, Kubitz J, Jung R, Daum G, Reichenspurner H, Zoellner C, Winkler MS, Groznik M, Ihan A, Andersen LW, Chase M, Holmberg MJ, Wulff A, Cocchi MN, Donnino MW, Balci C, Haliloglu M, Bilgili B, Bilgin H, Kasapoglu U, Sayan I, Süzer M, Mulazımoglu L, Cinel I, Patel V, Shah S, Parulekar P, Minton C, Patel J, Ejimofo C, Choi H, Costa R, Caruso P, Nassar P, Fu J, Jin J, Xu Y, Kong J, Wu D, Yaguchi A, Klonis A, Ganguly S, Kollef M, Burnham C, Fuller B, Mavrommati A, Chatzilia D, Salla E, Papadaki E, Kamariotis S, Christodoulatos S, Stylianakis A, Alamanos G, Simoes M, Trigo E, Silva N, Martins P, Pimentel J, Baily D, Curran LA, Ahmadnia E, Patel BV, Adukauskiene D, Cyziute J, Adukauskaite A, Pentiokiniene D, Righetti F, Colombaroli E, Castellano G, Wilske F, Skorup P, Lipcsey M, Hanslin K, Larsson A, Sjölin J, Man M, Shum HP, Chan YH, Chan KC, Yan WW, Lee RA, Lau SK, Dilokpattanamongkol P, Thirapakpoomanunt P, Anakkamaetee R, Montakantikul P, Tangsujaritvijit V, Sinha S, Pati J, Sahu S, Adukauskiene D, Valanciene D, Dambrauskiene A, Adukauskiene D, Valanciene D, Dambrauskiene A, Hernandez K, Lopez T, Saca D, Bello M, Mahmood W, Hamed K, Al Badi N, AlThawadi S, Al Hosaini S, Salahuddin N, Cilloniz CC, Ceccato AC, Bassi GLL, Ferrer MF, Gabarrus AG, Ranzani OR, Jose ASS, Vidal CGG, de la Bella Casa JPP, Blasi FB, Torres AT, Adukauskiene D, Ciginskiene A, Dambrauskiene A, Simoliuniene R, Giuliano G, Triunfio D, Sozio E, Taddei E, Brogi E, Sbrana F, Ripoli A, Bertolino G, Tascini C, Forfori F, Fleischmann C, Goldfarb D, Schlattmann P, Schlapbach L, Kissoon N, Baykara N, Akalin H, Arslantas MK, Gavrilovic SG, Vukoja MV, Hache MH, Kashyap RK, Dong YD, Gajic OG, Ranzani O, Shankar-Hari M, Harrison D, Rabello L, Rowan K, Salluh J, Soares M, Markota AM, Fluher JF, Kogler DK, Borovšak ZB, Sinkovic AS, László I, Öveges N, Forgács M, Kiss T, Hankovszky P, Palágyi P, Bebes A, Gubán B, Földesi I, Araczki Á, Telkes M, Ondrik Z, Helyes Z, Kemény Á, Molnár Z, Fareed J, Siddiqui Z, Aggarwal P, Iqbal O, Hoppensteadt D, Lewis M, Wasmund R, Abro S, Raghuvir S, Tsuruta K, Barie PS, Fineberg D, Radford A, Tsuruta K, Casazza A, Vilardo A, Bellazzi E, Boschi R, Ciprandi D, Gigliuto C, Preda R, Vanzino R, Vetere M, Carnevale L, Kyriazopoulou E, Pistiki A, Routsi C, Tsangaris I, Giamarellos-Bourboulis E, Kyriazopoulou E, Tsangaris I, Routsi C, Pnevmatikos I, Vlachogiannis G, Antoniadou E, Mandragos K, Armaganidis A, Giamarellos-Bourboulis E, Allan P, Oehmen R, Luo J, Ellis C, Latham P, Newman J, Pritchett C, Pandya D, Cripps A, Harris S, Jadav M, Langford R, Ko B, Park H, Beumer CM, Koch R, Beuningen DV, Oudelashof AM, Vd Veerdonk FL, Kolwijck E, VanderHoeven JG, Bergmans DC, Hoedemaekers C, Brandt JB, Golej J, Burda G, Mostafa G, Schneider A, Vargha R, Hermon M, Levin P, Broyer C, Assous M, Wiener-Well Y, Dahan M, Benenson S, Ben-Chetrit E, Faux A, Sherazi R, Sethi A, Saha S, Kiselevskiy M, Gromova E, Loginov S, Tchikileva I, Dolzhikova Y, Krotenko N, Vlasenko R, Anisimova N, Spadaro S, Fogagnolo A, Remelli F, Alvisi V, Romanello A, Marangoni E, Volta C, Degrassi A, Mearelli F, Casarsa C, Fiotti N, Biolo G, Cariqueo M, Luengo C, Galvez R, Romero C, Cornejo R, Llanos O, Estuardo N, Alarcon P, Magazi B, Khan S, Pasipanodya J, Eriksson M, Strandberg G, Lipsey M, Larsson A, Rajput Z, Hiscock F, Karadag T, Uwagwu J, Jain S, Molokhia A, Barrasa H, Soraluce A, Uson E, Rodriguez A, Isla A, Martin A, Fernández B, Fonseca F, Sánchez-Izquierdo JA, Maynar FJ, Kaffarnik M, Alraish R, Frey O, Roehr A, Stockmann M, Wicha S, Shortridge D, Castanheira M, Sader HS, Streit JM, Flamm RK, Falsetta K, Lam T, Reidt S, Jancik J, Kinoshita T, Yoshimura J, Yamakawa K, Fujimi S, Armaganidis A, Torres A, Zakynthinos S, Mandragos C, Giamarellos-Bourboulis E, Ramirez P, De la Torre-Prados M, Rodriguez A, Dale G, Wach A, Beni L, Hooftman L, Zwingelstein C, François B, Colin G, Dequin PF, Laterre PF, Perez A, Welte R, Lorenz I, Eller P, Joannidis M, Bellmann R, Lim S, Chana S, Patel S, Higuera J, Cabestrero D, Rey L, Narváez G, Blandino A, Aroca M, Saéz S, De Pablo R, Thiessen S, Vanhorebeek I, Derde S, Derese I, Dufour T, Albert CN, Langouche L, Goossens C, Peersman N, Vermeersch P, Vander Perre S, Holst J, Wouters P, Van den Berghe G, Liu X, Uber AU, Holmberg M, Konanki V, McNaughton M, Zhang J, Donnino MW, Demirkiran O, Byelyalov A, Luengo C, Guerrero J, Cariqueo M, Scorcella C, Domizi R, Damiani E, Tondi S, Pierantozzi S, Rossini N, Falanga U, Monaldi V, Adrario E, Pelaia P, Donati A, Cole O, Scawn N, Balciunas M, Blascovics I, Vuylsteke A, Salaunkey K, Omar A, Salama A, Allam M, Alkhulaifi A, Verstraete S, Vanhorebeek I, Van Puffelen E, Derese I, Ingels C, Verbruggen S, Wouters P, Joosten K, Hanot J, Guerra G, Vlasselaers D, Lin J, Van den Berghe G, Haines R, Zolfaghari P, Hewson R, Offiah C, Prowle J, Park H, Ko B, Buter H, Veenstra JA, Koopmans M, Boerma EC, Veenstra JA, Buter H, Koopmans M, Boerma EC, Taha A, Shafie A, Hallaj S, Gharaibeh D, Hon H, Bizrane M, El Khattate AA, Madani N, Abouqal R, Belayachi J, Kongpolprom N, Sanguanwong N, Sanaie S, Mahmoodpoor A, Hamishehkar H, Biderman P, Van Heerden P, Avitzur Y, Solomon S, Iakobishvili Z, Carmi U, Gorfil D, Singer P, Paisley C, Patrick-Heselton J, Mogk M, Humphreys J, Welters I, Pierantozzi S, Scorcella C, Domizi R, Damiani E, Tondi S, Casarotta E, Bolognini S, Adrario E, Pelaia P, Donati A, Holmberg MJ, Moskowitz A, Patel P, Grossestreuer A, Uber A, Andersen LW, Donnino MW, Malinverni S, Goedeme D, Mols P, Langlois PL, Szwec C, D’Aragon F, Heyland DK, Manzanares W, Manzanares W, Szwec C, Langlois P, Aramendi I, Heyland D, Stankovic N, Nadler J, Uber A, Holmberg M, Sanchez L, Wolfe R, Chase M, Donnino M, Cocchi M, Atalan HK, Gucyetmez B, Kavlak ME, Aslan S, Kargi A, Yazici S, Donmez R, Polat KY, Piechota M, Piechota A, Misztal M, Bernas S, Pietraszek-Grzywaczewska I, Saleh M, Hamdy A, Hamdy A, Elhallag M, Atar F, Kundakci A, Gedik E, Sahinturk H, Zeyneloglu P, Pirat A, Popescu M, Tomescu D, Van Gassel R, Baggerman M, Schaap F, Bol M, Nicolaes G, Beurskens D, Damink SO, Van de Poll M, Horibe M, Sasaki M, Sanui M, Iwasaki E, Sawano H, Goto T, Ikeura T, Hamada T, Oda T, Mayumi T, Kanai T, Kjøsen G, Horneland R, Rydenfelt K, Aandahl E, Tønnessen T, Haugaa H, Lockett P, Evans L, Somerset L, Ker-Reid F, Laver S, Courtney E, Dalton S, Georgiou A, Robinson K, Lam T, Haas B, Reidt S, Bartlett K, Jancik J, Bigwood M, Hanley R, Morgan P, Marouli D, Chatzimichali A, Kolyvaki S, Panteli A, Diamantaki E, Pediaditis E, Sirogianni P, Ginos P, Kondili E, Georgopoulos D, Askitopoulou H, Zampieri FG, Liborio AB, Besen BA, Cavalcanti AB, Dominedò C, Dell’Anna AM, Monayer A, Grieco DL, Barelli R, Cutuli SL, Maddalena AI, Picconi E, Sonnino C, Sandroni C, Antonelli M, Gucyetmez B, Atalan HK, Tuzuner F, Cakar N, Jacob M, Sahu S, Singh YP, Mehta Y, Yang KY, Kuo S, Rai V, Cheng T, Ertmer C, Czempik P, Hutchings S, Watts S, Wilson C, Burton C, Kirkman E, Drennan D, O’Prey A, MacKay A, Forrest R, Oglinda A, Ciobanu G, Casian M, Oglinda C, Lun CT, Yuen HJ, Ng G, Leung A, So SO, Chan HS, Lai KY, Sanguanwit P, Charoensuk W, Phakdeekitcharoen B, Batres-Baires G, Kammerzell I, Lahmer T, Mayr U, Schmid R, Huber W, Spanuth E, Bomberg H, Klingele M, Thomae R, Groesdonk H, Bernas S, Piechota M, Mirkiewicz K, Pérez AG, Silva J, Ramos A, Acharta F, Perezlindo M, Lovesio L, Antonelli PG, Dogliotti A, Lovesio C, Baron J, Schiefer J, Baron DM, Faybik P, Shum HP, Yan WW, Chan TM, Marouli D, Chatzimichali A, Kolyvaki S, Panteli A, Diamantaki E, Pediaditis E, Sirogianni P, Ginos P, Kondili E, Georgopoulos D, Askitopoulou H, Vicka V, Gineityte D, Ringaitiene D, Sipylaite J, Pekarskiene J, Beurskens DM, Van Smaalen TC, Hoogland P, Winkens B, Christiaans MH, Reutelingsperger CP, Van Heurn E, Nicolaes GA, Schmitt FS, Salgado ES, Friebe JF, Fleming TF, Zemva JZ, Schmoch TS, Uhle FU, Kihm LK, Morath CM, Nusshag CN, Zeier MZ, Bruckner TB, Mehrabi AM, Nawroth PN, Weigand MW, Hofer SH, Brenner TB, Fotopoulou G, Poularas I, Kokkoris S, Brountzos E, Zakynthinos S, Routsi C, Saleh M, Elghonemi M, Nilsson KF, Sandin J, Gustafsson L, Frithiof R, Skorniakov I, Varaksin A, Vikulova D, Shaikh O, Whiteley C, Ostermann M, Di Lascio G, Anicetti L, Bonizzoli M, Fulceri G, Migliaccio ML, Sentina P, Cozzolino M, Peris A, Khadzhynov D, Halleck F, Staeck O, Lehner L, Budde K, Slowinski T, Slowinski T, Kindgen-Milles D, Khadzhynov D, Huysmans N, Laenen MV, Helmschrodt A, Boer W. 37th International Symposium on Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine (part 3 of 3). Crit Care 2017. [PMCID: PMC5374592 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-017-1629-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Jove M, Loadman P, Wicks J, Spencer J, Race A, Salazar R, Twelves C. 5-Fluorouracil (5FU) intratumoural pharmacokinetics: Rapid uptake in cells and in spheroids (SPH). Ann Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw392.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Cottrell H, Spencer J, Sidell N, Rajakumar A. Effects of supraphysiologic levels of estradiol on endometrial decidualization and HOXA10 expression. Fertil Steril 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2016.07.610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Abstract
The intestinal immune system is chronically challenged by a huge plethora of antigens derived from the lumen. B-cell responses in organized gut-associated lymphoid tissues and regional lymph nodes that are driven chronically by gut antigens generate the largest population of antibody-producing cells in the body: the gut lamina propria plasma cells. Although animal studies have provided insights into mechanisms that underpin this dynamic process, some very fundamental differences in this system appear to exist between species. Importantly, this prevents extrapolation from mice to humans to inform translational research questions. Therefore, in this review we will describe the structures and mechanisms involved in the propagation, dissemination, and regulation of this immense plasma cell population in man. Uniquely, we will seek our evidence exclusively from studies of human cells and tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Spencer
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - L M Sollid
- Centre for Immune Regulation and Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
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Affiliation(s)
- J Spencer
- Royal Postgraduate Medical School, Ducane Road, London W12
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Cowley
- Royal Postgraduate Medical School, London W12
| | - F Iweze
- Royal Postgraduate Medical School, London W12
| | - J Spencer
- Royal Postgraduate Medical School, London W12
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Spencer J, Gajdos F, Blumberger J. FOB-SH: Fragment orbital-based surface hopping for charge carrier transport in organic and biological molecules and materials. J Chem Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4960144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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Kapadia A, Morris R, Albanese K, Spencer J, McCall S, Greenberg J. TH-AB-209-10: Breast Cancer Identification Through X-Ray Coherent Scatter Spectral Imaging. Med Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4958101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Albanese K, Morris R, Spencer J, Greenberg J, Kapadia A. TH-AB-209-12: Tissue Equivalent Phantom with Excised Human Tissue for Assessing Clinical Capabilities of Coherent Scatter Imaging Applications. Med Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4958103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Esteban-Fernández A, Gigorro del Coso D, González de Llano D, Spencer J, Bartolomé B, Moreno-Arribas M. Understanding the protective effects of wine components and their metabolites in the brain function. BIO Web Conf 2016. [DOI: 10.1051/bioconf/20160704008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Shankar-Hari M, Beale R, Singer M, Spencer J. Activation-associated death of memory b cells in peripheral circulation in adults with sepsis. Intensive Care Med Exp 2015. [PMCID: PMC4798124 DOI: 10.1186/2197-425x-3-s1-a621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
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Howards P, Jacobson M, Fothergill A, Chin H, Mertens A, Shandley L, Spencer J. Cancer survivors are at increased risk for early menopause and decreased antral follicle count: results from the FUCHSIA women’s study. Fertil Steril 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2015.07.814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Alhabbab R, Blair P, Elgueta R, Stolarczyk E, Marks E, Becker PD, Ratnasothy K, Smyth L, Safinia N, Sharif-Paghaleh E, O'Connell S, Noelle RJ, Lord GM, Howard JK, Spencer J, Lechler RI, Lombardi G. Diversity of gut microflora is required for the generation of B cell with regulatory properties in a skin graft model. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11554. [PMID: 26109230 PMCID: PMC4479822 DOI: 10.1038/srep11554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
B cells have been reported to promote graft rejection through alloantibody production. However, there is growing evidence that B cells can contribute to the maintenance of tolerance. Here, we used a mouse model of MHC-class I mismatched skin transplantation to investigate the contribution of B cells to graft survival. We demonstrate that adoptive transfer of B cells prolongs skin graft survival but only when the B cells were isolated from mice housed in low sterility "conventional" (CV) facilities and not from mice housed in pathogen free facilities (SPF). However, prolongation of skin graft survival was lost when B cells were isolated from IL-10 deficient mice housed in CV facilities. The suppressive function of B cells isolated from mice housed in CV facilities correlated with an anti-inflammatory environment and with the presence of a different gut microflora compared to mice maintained in SPF facilities. Treatment of mice in the CV facility with antibiotics abrogated the regulatory capacity of B cells. Finally, we identified transitional B cells isolated from CV facilities as possessing the regulatory function. These findings demonstrate that B cells, and in particular transitional B cells, can promote prolongation of graft survival, a function dependent on licensing by gut microflora.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Alhabbab
- Medical Research Council Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, King's Health Partners, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - P Blair
- Medical Research Council Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, King's Health Partners, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - R Elgueta
- Medical Research Council Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, King's Health Partners, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - E Stolarczyk
- Division of Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - E Marks
- Medical Research Council Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, King's Health Partners, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - P D Becker
- Medical Research Council Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, King's Health Partners, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - K Ratnasothy
- Medical Research Council Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, King's Health Partners, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - L Smyth
- Medical Research Council Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, King's Health Partners, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - N Safinia
- Medical Research Council Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, King's Health Partners, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - E Sharif-Paghaleh
- Medical Research Council Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, King's Health Partners, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - S O'Connell
- Medical Research Council Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, King's Health Partners, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - R J Noelle
- Medical Research Council Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, King's Health Partners, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - G M Lord
- Medical Research Council Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, King's Health Partners, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - J K Howard
- Division of Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - J Spencer
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - R I Lechler
- Medical Research Council Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, King's Health Partners, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - G Lombardi
- Medical Research Council Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, King's Health Partners, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
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Saunders C, Harkness L, Spencer J. The Effects of Orange Polyphenols on Vascular and Cognitive Function. FASEB J 2015. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.29.1_supplement.259.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jeremy Spencer
- Food & Nutritional Sciences University of ReadingUnited Kingdom
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Wijeakumar S, Magnotta V, Buss A, Spencer J. Probing the neural basis of visual working memory: A validation study using fMRI and fNIRS. J Vis 2014. [DOI: 10.1167/14.10.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Wheatley-Price P, Ali M, Balchin K, Spencer J, Fitzgibbon E, Cripps C. The role of palliative chemotherapy in hospitalized patients. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 21:187-92. [PMID: 25089101 DOI: 10.3747/co.21.1989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hospitalized patients with advanced cancer often have a poor performance status, which is considered a relative contraindication to cytotoxic chemotherapy. We investigated outcomes in hospitalized solid tumour oncology patients who received palliative chemotherapy (pct). METHODS With ethics approval, we performed a single-institution chart review of all patients hospitalized on our oncology unit who received pct between April 2008 and January 2010. Patient demographics, reasons for admission, cancer type, prior therapy, and administered chemotherapy were recorded. The primary endpoint was median survival from date of inpatient chemotherapy until death or last known follow up. We also investigated place of discharge and whether patients received additional therapy. RESULTS During the study period, 199 inpatients received pct. Median age was 61 years; 59% of the patients were women. Most had been admitted with dyspnea (31%) or pain (29%) as the dominant symptom. Common cancers represented were breast (23%), small-cell lung cancer (sclc, 22%), non-small-cell lung cancer (nsclc, 16%), and colorectal cancer (9%). Most patients (67%) were receiving first-line chemotherapy. Median overall survival duration was 4.5 months, and the 6-month survival rate was 41%. The longest and shortest survivals were seen in the sclc and nsclc groups (7.3 and 2.5 months respectively). Factors significantly associated with shorter survival were baseline hypoalbuminemia and therapy beyond the first line. In this cohort, 77% of patients were discharged home, and 72% received further chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS Despite a short median survival, many patients are well enough to be discharged home and to receive further chemotherapy. The development of risk models to predict a higher chance of efficacy will have practical clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Wheatley-Price
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON
| | - M Ali
- Postgraduate Medical Education, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON
| | - K Balchin
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON
| | - J Spencer
- Division of Pharmacy, The Ottawa Hospital Cancer Centre, Ottawa, ON
| | - E Fitzgibbon
- Division of Palliative Care, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON
| | - C Cripps
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON
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Rodriguez‐Mateos A, Cifuentes‐Gomez T, Ottaviani J, Schroeter H, Heiss C, Spencer J. Infliuence of age on the absorption, metabolism an excretion of cocoa flavanols (270.4). FASEB J 2014. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.28.1_supplement.270.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rodriguez‐Mateos
- Medical Faculty, Division of CardiologyPulmonology and Vascular Medicine University of Düsseldorf DüsseldorfGermany
| | - Tania Cifuentes‐Gomez
- Department of Food and Nutritional SciencesUniversity of ReadingReadingUnited Kingdom
| | | | | | - Christian Heiss
- Medical Faculty, Division of CardiologyPulmonology and Vascular Medicine University of Düsseldorf DüsseldorfGermany
| | - Jeremy Spencer
- Department of Food and Nutritional SciencesUniversity of ReadingReadingUnited Kingdom
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Rodriguez‐Mateos A, George T, Heiss C, Spencer J. Impact of processing on the bioavailability and vascular effects of blueberry (poly)phenols (831.12). FASEB J 2014. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.28.1_supplement.831.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rodriguez‐Mateos
- Medical Faculty, Division of CardiologyPulmonology and Vascular Medicine University of Düsseldorf DüsseldorfGermany
| | - Trevor George
- Department of Applied SciencesFaculty of Health and Life SciencesUniversity of Northumbria Newcastle Upon TyneUnited Kingdom
| | - Christian Heiss
- Medical Faculty, Division of CardiologyPulmonology and Vascular Medicine University of Düsseldorf DüsseldorfGermany
| | - Jeremy Spencer
- Department of Food and Nutritional SciencesUniversity of ReadingReadingUnited Kingdom
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Ceeraz S, Hall C, Choy EH, Spencer J, Corrigall VM. Defective CD8+CD28+ regulatory T cell suppressor function in rheumatoid arthritis is restored by tumour necrosis factor inhibitor therapy. Clin Exp Immunol 2013; 174:18-26. [PMID: 23786396 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Balanced immunoregulatory networks are essential for maintenance of systemic tolerance. Disturbances in the homeostatic equilibrium between inflammatory mediators, immune regulators and immune effector cells are implicated directly in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In this study we characterize the peripheral blood CD8(+) CD28(-) regulatory T cells (Treg) contribution to the immunoregulatory network in health and in RA. In health, CD8(+) CD28(-) Treg are suppressive but, unlike CD4(+) Treg , they function predominantly through the action of soluble mediators such as interleukin (IL)-10 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β. Neutralization of TGF-β consistently reduced CD8(+) CD28(-) Treg suppressor function in vitro. RA, CD8(+) CD28(-) Treg are increased numerically, but have reduced expression of inducible co-stimulator (ICOS) and programmed death 1 (PD-1) compared to healthy or disease controls. They produce more IL-10 but autologous T cells express less IL-10R. This expression was found to be restored following in-vitro addition of a tumour necrosis factor inhibitor (TNFi). Deficiencies in both the CD8(+) CD28(-) Treg population and reduced sensitivity of the T responder cells impact upon their regulatory function in RA. TNFi therapy partially restores CD8(+) CD28(-) Treg ability in vivo and in vitro, despite the defects in expression of functionally relevant molecules by RA CD8(+) CD28(-) Treg compared to healthy controls. This study places CD8(+) CD28(-) Treg cells in the scheme of immune regulation alongside CD4(+) Treg cells, and highlights the importance of understanding impaired responsiveness to regulation that is common to these suppressor subsets and their restored function in response to TNFi therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ceeraz
- Academic Department of Rheumatology, Centre for Molecular and Cellular Biology of Inflammation, King's College London School of Medicine, London, UK
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Girges C, Wright M, Spencer J, O'Brien J. Event-related alpha suppression in response to facial motion. J Vis 2013. [DOI: 10.1167/13.9.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Fragouli E, Alfarawati S, Spath K, Sarasa J, Enciso M, Jaroudi S, Griffiths T, Spencer J, Rogers S, Sage K, Thornhill A, Wells D. O-1 The origin and impact of embryonic aneuploidy. Reprod Biomed Online 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s1472-6483(13)60034-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Karrar S, Shiwen X, Nikotorowicz-Buniak J, Abraham DJ, Denton C, Stratton R, Bayley R, Kite KA, Clay E, Smith JP, Kitas GD, Buckley C, Young SP, Ye L, Zhang L, Goodall J, Gaston H, Xu H, Lutalo PM, Zhao Y, Meng Choong L, Sangle S, Spencer J, D'Cruz D, Rysnik OJ, McHugh K, Bowness P, Rump-Goodrich L, Mattey D, Kehoe O, Middleton J, Cartwright A, Schmutz C, Askari A, Middleton J, Gardner DH, Jeffery LE, Raza K, Sansom DM, Clay E, Bayley R, Fitzpatrick M, Wallace G, Young S, Shaw J, Hatano H, Cauli A, Giles JL, McHugh K, Mathieu A, Bowness P, Kollnberger S, Webster S, Ellis L, O'Brien LM, Fitzmaurice TJ, Gaston H, Goodall J, Nazeer Moideen A, Evans L, Osgood L, Williams A, Jones S, Thomas C, O'Donnell V, Nowell M, Ouboussad L, Savic S, Dickie LJ, Hintze J, Wong CH, Cook GP, Buch M, Emery P, McDermott MF, Hardcastle SA, Gregson CL, Deere K, Davey Smith G, Dieppe P, Tobias JH, Dennison E, Edwards M, Bennett J, Coggon D, Palmer K, Cooper C, McWilliams D, Young A, Kiely PD, Walsh D, Taylor HJ, Harding I, Hutchinson J, Nelson I, Blom A, Tobias J, Clark E, Parker J, Bukhari M, McWilliams D, Jayakumar K, Young A, Kiely P, Walsh D, Diffin J, Lunt M, Marshall T, Chipping J, Symmons D, Verstappen S, Taylor HJ, Harding I, Hutchinson J, Nelson I, Tobias J, Clark E, Bluett J, Bowes J, Ho P, McHugh N, Buden D, Fitzgerald O, Barton A, Glossop JR, Nixon NB, Emes RD, Dawes PT, Farrell WE, Mattey DL, Scott IC, Steer S, Seegobin S, Hinks AM, Eyre S, Morgan A, Wilson AG, Hocking L, Wordsworth P, Barton A, Worthington J, Cope A, Lewis CM, Guerra S, Ahmed BA, Denton C, Abraham D, Fonseca C, Robinson J, Taylor J, Haroon Rashid L, Flynn E, Eyre S, Worthington J, Barton A, Isaacs J, Bowes J, Wilson AG, Barrett JH, Morgan A, Kingston B, Ahmed M, Kirwan JR, Marshall R, Chapman K, Pearson R, Heycock C, Kelly C, Rynne M, Saravanan V, Hamilton J, Saeed A, Coughlan R, Carey JJ, Farah Z, Matthews W, Bell C, Petford S, Tibbetts LM, Douglas KMJ, Holden W, Ledingham J, Fletcher M, Winfield R, Price Z, Mackay K, Dixon C, Oppong R, Jowett S, Nicholls E, Whitehurst D, Hill S, Hammond A, Hay E, Dziedzic K, Righetti C, Lebmeier M, Manning VL, Hurley M, Scott DL, Choy E, Bearne L, Nikiphorou E, Morris S, James D, Kiely P, Walsh D, Young A, Wong EC, Long J, Fletcher A, Fletcher M, Holmes S, Hockey P, Abbas M, Chattopadhyay C, Flint J, Gayed M, Schreiber K, Arthanari S, Nisar M, Khamashta M, Gordon C, Giles I, Robson J, Kiran A, Maskell J, Arden N, Hutchings A, Emin A, Culliford D, Dasgupta B, Hamilton W, Luqmani R, Jethwa H, Rowczenio D, Trojer H, Russell T, Loeffler J, Hawkins P, Lachmann H, Verma I, Syngle A, Krishan P, Garg N, Flint J, Gayed M, Schreiber K, Arthanari S, Nisar M, Khamashta M, Gordon C, Giles I, McGowan SP, Gerrard DT, Chinoy H, Ollier WE, Cooper RG, Lamb JA, Taborda L, Correia Azevedo P, Isenberg D, Leyland KM, Kiran A, Judge A, Hunter D, Hart D, Javaid MK, Arden N, Cooper C, Edwards MH, Litwic AE, Jameson KA, Deeg D, Cooper C, Dennison E, Edwards MH, Jameson KA, Cushnaghan J, Aihie Sayer A, Deeg D, Cooper C, Dennison E, Jagannath D, Parsons C, Cushnaghan J, Cooper C, Edwards MH, Dennison E, Stoppiello L, Mapp P, Ashraf S, Wilson D, Hill R, Scammell B, Walsh D, Wenham C, Shore P, Hodgson R, Grainger A, Aaron J, Hordon L, Conaghan P, Bar-Ziv Y, Beer Y, Ran Y, Benedict S, Halperin N, Drexler M, Mor A, Segal G, Lahad A, Haim A, Rath U, Morgensteren DM, Salai M, Elbaz A, Vasishta VG, Derrett-Smith E, Hoyles R, Khan K, Abraham DJ, Denton C, Ezeonyeji A, Takhar G, Denton C, Ong V, Loughrey L, Bissell LA, Hensor E, Abignano G, Redmond A, Buch M, Del Galdo F, Hall FC, Malaviya A, Nisar M, Baker S, Furlong A, Mitchell A, Godfrey AL, Ruddlesden M, Hadjinicolaou A, Hughes M, Moore T, O'Leary N, Tracey A, Ennis H, Dinsdale G, Roberts C, Herrick A, Denton CP, Guillevin L, Hunsche E, Rosenberg D, Schwierin B, Scott M, Krieg T, Anderson M, Hall FC, Herrick A, McHugh N, Matucci-Cerinic M, Alade R, Khan K, Xu S, Denton C, Ong V, Nihtyanova S, Ong V, Denton CP, Clark KE, Tam FWK, Unwin R, Khan K, Abraham DJ, Denton C, Stratton RJ, Nihtyanova S, Schreiber B, Ong V, Denton CP, Seng Edwin Lim C, Dasgupta B, Corsiero E, Sutcliffe N, Wardemann H, Pitzalis C, Bombardieri M, Tahir H, Donnelly S, Greenwood M, Smith TO, Easton V, Bacon H, Jerman E, Armon K, Poland F, Macgregor A, van der Heijde D, Sieper J, Elewaut D, Pangan AL, Nguyen D, Badenhorst C, Kirby S, White D, Harrison A, Garcia JA, Stebbings S, MacKay JW, Aboelmagd S, Gaffney K, van der Heijde D, Deodhar A, Braun J, Mack M, Hsu B, Gathany T, Han C, Inman RD, Cooper-Moss N, Packham J, Strauss V, Freeston JE, Coates L, Nam J, Moverley AR, Helliwell P, Hensor E, Wakefield R, Emery P, Conaghan P, Mease P, Fleischmann R, Wollenhaupt J, Deodhar A, Kielar D, Woltering F, Stach C, Hoepken B, Arledge T, van der Heijde D, Gladman D, Fleischmann R, Coteur G, Woltering F, Mease P, Kavanaugh A, Gladman D, van der Heijde D, Purcaru O, Mease P, McInnes I, Kavanaugh A, Gottlieb AB, Puig L, Rahman P, Ritchlin C, Li S, Wang Y, Mendelsohn A, Doyle M, Tillett W, Jadon D, Shaddick G, Cavill C, Robinson G, Sengupta R, Korendowych E, de Vries C, McHugh N, Thomas RC, Shuto T, Busquets-Perez N, Marzo-Ortega H, McGonagle D, Tillett W, Richards G, Cavill C, Sengupta R, Shuto T, Marzo-Ortega H, Thomas RC, Bingham S, Coates L, Emery P, John Hamlin P, Adshead R, Cambridge S, Donnelly S, Tahir H, Suppiah P, Cullinan M, Nolan A, Thompson WM, Stebbings S, Mathieson HR, Mackie SL, Bryer D, Buch M, Emery P, Marzo-Ortega H, Krutikov M, Gray L, Bruce E, Ho P, Marzo-Ortega H, Busquets-Perez N, Thomas RC, Gaffney K, Keat A, Innes W, Pandit R, Kay L, Lapshina S, Myasoutova L, Erdes S, Wallis D, Waldron N, McHugh N, Korendowych E, Thorne I, Harris C, Keat A, Garg N, Syngle A, Vohra K, Khinchi D, Verma I, Kaur L, Jones A, Harrison N, Harris D, Jones T, Rees J, Bennett A, Fazal S, Tugnet N, Barkham N, Basu N, McClean A, Harper L, Amft EN, Dhaun N, Luqmani RA, Little MA, Jayne DR, Flossmann O, McLaren J, Kumar V, Reid DM, Macfarlane GJ, Jones G, Yates M, Watts RA, Igali L, Mukhtyar C, Macgregor A, Robson J, Doll H, Yew S, Flossmann O, Suppiah R, Harper L, Hoglund P, Jayne D, Mukhtyar C, Westman K, Luqmani R, Win Maw W, Patil P, Williams M, Adizie T, Christidis D, Borg F, Dasgupta B, Robertson A, Croft AP, Smith S, Carr S, Youssouf S, Salama A, Pusey C, Harper L, Morgan M. Basic Science * 208. Stem Cell Factor Expression is Increased in the Skin of Patients with Systemic Sclerosis and Promotes Proliferation and Migration of Fibroblasts in vitro. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/ket195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Saunders CJ, Harkness L, Spencer J, Sargent L. Acute consumption of 100% pure orange juice reduces hunger in healthy adults. FASEB J 2013. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.27.1_supplement.lb314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jeremy Spencer
- Food and Nutritional BiosciencesUniversity of ReadingReadingUnited Kingdom
| | - Laura Sargent
- Food and Nutritional BiosciencesUniversity of ReadingReadingUnited Kingdom
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Cortese-Krott MM, Krenz T, Rodriguez-Matheos A, Oberle F, Weber K, Pullmann D, Haeberlein M, Thasian-Sivarajah S, Spencer J, Kelm M, Heiss C. P69. Nitric Oxide 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2013.02.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Morse CI, Spencer J, Hussain AW, Onambele GL. The effect of the oral contraceptive pill on the passive stiffness of the human gastrocnemius muscle in vivo. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact 2013; 13:97-104. [PMID: 23445919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this investigation was to determine the effect of sustained monophasic oral contraceptive pill (MOCP) use on the in vivo passive stiffness of the gastrocnemius medialis (GM) muscle-tendon unit. Twenty four females volunteered for this study (age range 20-25 yrs); twelve participants had been taking the combined MOCP for a minimum of 12 months, and twelve participants, who had never taken the MOCP, formed a control group. Distal displacement of the GM myotendinous junction (MTJ) was measured during passive dorsiflexion at 2 Nm increments to 20 Nm, and at end range of motion using ultrasonography. In addition, GM MTJ displacement was measured at passive torques equivalent to 5, 10 and 15% of plantarflexion maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) torque, and relative to GM length. MOCP users had significantly greater GM MTJ displacement at all passive torques (P<0.01), reaching 40% more at 20 Nm; these displacements remained significantly different when MVC and GM length were accounted for (P<0.01). Passive muscle stiffness from 0-20 Nm was 31% less in MOCP users compared to non-users (P<0.01). In conclusion, based on the in vivo assessment of GM MTJ displacement, passive muscle stiffness is less in MOCP using females, compared to non-pill users.
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Affiliation(s)
- C I Morse
- Institute for Performance Research, Department of Exercise and Sport Science, Manchester Metropolitan University Cheshire, United Kingdom.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND People with type 1 diabetes may find diabetic control more difficult when working shifts. AIMS To investigate the proportion of people with type 1 diabetes in employment undertaking shift work and diabetic control as assessed by glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) among individuals undertaking shift work compared to those not doing so. METHODS A postal questionnaire sent to all those aged 16-65 attending two city hospitals for type 1 diabetes care. HbA1c results were used to assess diabetic control. RESULTS Twenty-two per cent (296 of 1370 eligible patients) responded. Sixty-seven (23%) respondents were involved in shift work. Shift workers had higher mean HbA1c values than non-shift workers (9.02 versus 8.35; P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Poorer control of diabetes was associated with working shifts in this study. Occupational health practitioners should be aware of this association and be able to advise on management strategies to improve diabetic control while working shifts.
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Leleu-Chavain N, Body-Malapel M, Spencer J, Chavatte P, Desreumaux P, Millet R. Recent Advances in the Development of Selective CB2 Agonists as Promising Anti-Inflammatory Agents. Curr Med Chem 2012; 19:3457-74. [DOI: 10.2174/092986712801323207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2011] [Revised: 05/07/2012] [Accepted: 05/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Heathfield S, Parker B, Zeef L, Bruce I, Alexander Y, Collins F, Stone M, Wang E, Williams AS, Wright HL, Thomas HB, Moots RJ, Edwards SW, Bullock C, Chapman V, Walsh DA, Mobasheri A, Kendall D, Kelly S, Bayley R, Buckley CD, Young SP, Rump-Goodrich L, Middleton J, Chen L, Fisher R, Kollnberger S, Shastri N, Kessler BM, Bowness P, Nazeer Moideen A, Evans L, Osgood L, Williams AS, Jones SA, Nowell MA, Mahadik Y, Young S, Morgan M, Gordon C, Harper L, Giles JL, Paul Morgan B, Harris CL, Rysnik OJ, McHugh K, Kollnberger S, Payeli S, Marroquin O, Shaw J, Renner C, Bowness P, Nayar S, Cloake T, Bombardieri M, Pitzalis C, Buckley C, Barone F, Barone F, Nayar S, Cloake T, Lane P, Coles M, Buckley C, Williams EL, Edwards CJ, Cooper C, Oreffo RO, Dunn S, Crawford A, Wilkinson M, Le Maitre C, Bunning R, Daniels J, Phillips KLE, Chiverton N, Le Maitre CL, Kollnberger S, Shaw J, Ridley A, Wong-Baeza I, McHugh K, Keidel S, Chan A, Bowness P, Gullick NJ, Abozaid HS, Jayaraj DM, Evans HG, Scott DL, Choy EH, Taams LS, Hickling M, Golor G, Jullion A, Shaw S, Kretsos K, Bari SF, Rhys-Dillon B, Amos N, Siebert S, Phillips KLE, Chiverton N, Bunning RD, Haddock G, Cross AK, Le Maitre CL, Kate I, Phillips E, Cross A, Chiverton N, Haddock G, Bunning RAD, Le Maitre CL, Ceeraz S, Spencer J, Choy E, Corrigall V, Crilly A, Palmer H, Lockhart J, Plevin R, Ferrell WR, McInnes I, Hutchinson D, Perry L, DiCicco M, Humby F, Kelly S, Hands R, Buckley C, McInnes I, Taylor P, Bombardieri M, Pitzalis C, Mehta P, Mitchell A, Tysoe C, Caswell R, Owens M, Vincent T, Hashmi TM, Price-Forbes A, Sharp CA, Murphy H, Wood EF, Doherty T, Sheldon J, Sofat N, Goff I, Platt PN, Abdulkader R, Clunie G, Ismajli M, Nikiphorou E, Young A, Tugnet N, Dixey J, Banik S, Alcorn D, Hunter J, Win Maw W, Patil P, Hayes F, Main Wong W, Borg FA, Dasgupta B, Malaviya AP, Ostor AJ, Chana JK, Ahmed AA, Edmonds S, Hayes F, Coward L, Borg F, Heaney J, Amft N, Simpson J, Dhillon V, Ayalew Y, Khattak F, Gayed M, Amarasena RI, McKenna F, Amarasena RI, McKenna F, Mc Laughlin M, Baburaj K, Fattah Z, Ng N, Wilson J, Colaco B, Williams MR, Adizie T, Dasgupta B, Casey M, Lip S, Tan S, Anderson D, Robertson C, Devanny I, Field M, Walker D, Robinson S, Ryan S, Hassell A, Bateman J, Allen M, Davies D, Crouch C, Walker-Bone K, Gainsborough N, Gullick NJ, Lutalo PM, Davies UM, Walker-Bone K, Mckew JR, Millar AM, Wright SA, Bell AL, Thapper M, Roussou T, Cumming J, Hull RG, Thapper M, Roussou T, McKeogh J, O'Connor MB, Hassan AI, Bond U, Swan J, Phelan MJ, Coady D, Kumar N, Farrow L, Bukhari M, Oldroyd AG, Greenbank C, McBeth J, Duncan R, Brown D, Horan M, Pendleton N, Littlewood A, Cordingley L, Mulvey M, Curtis EM, Cole ZA, Crozier SR, Georgia N, Robinson SM, Godfrey KM, Sayer AA, Inskip HM, Cooper C, Harvey NC, Davies R, Mercer L, Galloway J, Low A, Watson K, Lunt M, Symmons D, Hyrich K, Chitale S, Estrach C, Moots RJ, Goodson NJ, Rankin E, Jiang CQ, Cheng KK, Lam TH, Adab P, Ling S, Chitale S, Moots RJ, Estrach C, Goodson NJ, Humphreys J, Ellis C, Bunn D, Verstappen SM, Symmons D, Fluess E, Macfarlane GJ, Bond C, Jones GT, Scott IC, Steer S, Lewis CM, Cope A, Mulvey MR, Macfarlane GJ, Symmons D, Lovell K, Keeley P, Woby S, Beasley M, McBeth J, Viatte S, Plant D, Lunt M, Fu B, Parker B, Galloway J, Solymossy C, Worthington J, Symmons D, Dixey J, Young A, Barton A, Williams FM, Osei-Bordom DC, Popham M, MacGregor A, Spector T, Little J, Herrick A, Pushpakom S, Ennis H, McBurney H, Worthington J, Newman W, Ibrahim I, Plant D, Hyrich K, Morgan A, Wilson A, Isaacs J, Barton A, Sanderson T, Hewlett S, Calnan M, Morris M, Raza K, Kumar K, Cardy CM, Pauling JD, Jenkins J, Brown SJ, McHugh N, Nikiphorou E, Mugford M, Davies C, Cooper N, Brooksby A, Bunn D, Symmons D, MacGregor A, Dures E, Ambler N, Fletcher D, Pope D, Robinson F, Rooke R, Hewlett S, Gorman CL, Reynolds P, Hakim AJ, Bosworth A, Weaver D, Kiely PD, Skeoch S, Jani M, Amarasena R, Rao C, Macphie E, McLoughlin Y, Shah P, Else S, Semenova O, Thompson H, Ogunbambi O, Kallankara S, Patel Y, Baguley E, Jani M, Halsey J, Severn A, Bukhari M, Selvan S, Price E, Husain MJ, Brophy S, Phillips CJ, Cooksey R, Irvine E, Siebert S, Lendrem D, Mitchell S, Bowman S, Price E, Pease CT, Emery P, Andrews J, Bombardieri M, Sutcliffe N, Pitzalis C, Lanyon P, Hunter J, Gupta M, McLaren J, Regan M, Cooper A, Giles I, Isenberg D, Griffiths B, Foggo H, Edgar S, Vadivelu S, Coady D, McHugh N, Ng WF, Dasgupta B, Taylor P, Iqbal I, Heron L, Pilling C, Marks J, Hull R, Ledingham J, Han C, Gathany T, Tandon N, Hsia E, Taylor P, Strand V, Sensky T, Harta N, Fleming S, Kay L, Rutherford M, Nicholl K, Kay L, Rutherford M, Nicholl K, Eyre T, Wilson G, Johnson P, Russell M, Timoshanko J, Duncan G, Spandley A, Roskell S, Coady D, West L, Adshead R, Donnelly SP, Ashton S, Tahir H, Patel D, Darroch J, Goodson NJ, Boulton J, Ellis B, Finlay R, Lendrem D, Mitchell S, Bowman S, Price E, Pease CT, Emery P, Andrews J, Bombardieri M, Sutcliffe N, Pitzalis C, Lanyon P, Hunter J, Gupta M, McLaren J, Regan M, Cooper A, Giles I, Isenberg D, Vadivelu S, Coady D, McHugh N, Griffiths B, Foggo H, Edgar S, Ng WF, Murray-Brown W, Priori R, Tappuni T, Vartoukian S, Seoudi N, Picarelli G, Fortune F, Valesini G, Pitzalis C, Bombardieri M, Ball E, Rooney M, Bell A, Merida AA, Isenberg D, Tarelli E, Axford J, Giles I, Pericleous C, Pierangeli SS, Ioannou J, Rahman A, Alavi A, Hughes M, Evans B, Bukhari M, Parker B, Zaki A, Alexander Y, Bruce I, Hui M, Garner R, Rees F, Bavakunji R, Daniel P, Varughese S, Srikanth A, Andres M, Pearce F, Leung J, Lim K, Regan M, Lanyon P, Oomatia A, Petri M, Fang H, Birnbaum J, Amissah-Arthur M, Gayed M, Stewart K, Jennens H, Braude S, Gordon C, Sutton EJ, Watson KD, Gordon C, Yee CS, Lanyon P, Jayne D, Isenberg D, Rahman A, Akil M, McHugh N, Ahmad Y, Amft N, D'Cruz D, Edwards CJ, Griffiths B, Khamashta M, Teh LS, Zoma A, Bruce I, Dey ID, Kenu E, Isenberg D, Pericleous C, Garza-Garcia A, Murfitt L, Driscoll PC, Isenberg D, Pierangeli S, Giles I, Ioannou Y, Rahman A, Reynolds JA, Ray DW, O'Neill T, Alexander Y, Bruce I, Segeda I, Shevchuk S, Kuvikova I, Brown N, Bruce I, Venning M, Mehta P, Dhanjal M, Mason J, Nelson-Piercy C, Basu N, Paudyal P, Stockton M, Lawton S, Dent C, Kindness K, Meldrum G, John E, Arthur C, West L, Macfarlane MV, Reid DM, Jones GT, Macfarlane GJ, Yates M, Loke Y, Watts R, MacGregor A, Adizie T, Christidis D, Dasgupta B, Williams M, Sivakumar R, Misra R, Danda D, Mahendranath KM, Bacon PA, Mackie SL, Pease CT. Basic science * 232. Certolizumab pegol prevents pro-inflammatory alterations in endothelial cell function. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2012. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kes108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Vossenkämper A, Lutalo PMK, Spencer J. Translational Mini-Review Series on B cell subsets in disease. Transitional B cells in systemic lupus erythematosus and Sjögren's syndrome: clinical implications and effects of B cell-targeted therapies. Clin Exp Immunol 2012; 167:7-14. [PMID: 22132879 PMCID: PMC3248081 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2011.04460.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and Sjögren's syndrome are autoimmune disorders which are characterized by a disturbed B cell homeostasis which leads ultimately to dysfunction of various organs. One of the B cell subsets that appear in abnormal numbers is the population of transitional B cells, which is increased in the blood of patients with SLE and Sjögren's syndrome. Transitional B cells are newly formed B cells. In mice, transitional B cells undergo selection checks for unwanted specificity in the bone marrow and the spleen in order to eliminate autoreactive B cells from the circulating naive B cell population. In humans, the exact anatomical compartments and mechanisms of the specificity check-points for transitional B cells remain unclear, but appear to be defective in SLE and Sjögren's syndrome. This review aims to highlight the current understanding of transitional B cells and their defects in the two disorders before and after B cell-targeted therapies.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/therapeutic use
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived/therapeutic use
- B-Cell Activating Factor/immunology
- B-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- B-Lymphocyte Subsets/pathology
- Clinical Trials, Phase II as Topic
- Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic
- Disease Models, Animal
- Double-Blind Method
- Humans
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/immunology
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/pathology
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/therapy
- Lymphocyte Count
- Lymphocyte Depletion/methods
- Lymphoid Tissue/immunology
- Lymphoid Tissue/pathology
- Lymphopoiesis
- Mice
- Rituximab
- Sjogren's Syndrome/immunology
- Sjogren's Syndrome/pathology
- Sjogren's Syndrome/therapy
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Affiliation(s)
- A Vossenkämper
- Centre for Immunology and Infectious Disease, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Blizard Institute, London, UK.
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Spencer J, Rawling S, Stratford M, Steels H, Novodvorska M, Archer DB, Chandra S. Yeast identification: reassessment of assimilation tests as sole universal identifiers. Lett Appl Microbiol 2011; 53:503-8. [PMID: 21801184 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-765x.2011.03130.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To assess whether assimilation tests in isolation remain a valid method of identification of yeasts, when applied to a wide range of environmental and spoilage isolates. METHODS AND RESULTS Seventy-one yeast strains were isolated from a soft drinks factory. These were identified using assimilation tests and by D1/D2 rDNA sequencing. When compared to sequencing, assimilation test identifications (MicroLog™) were 18·3% correct, a further 14·1% correct within the genus and 67·6% were incorrectly identified. The majority of the latter could be attributed to the rise in newly reported yeast species. CONCLUSIONS Assimilation tests alone are unreliable as a universal means of yeast identification, because of numerous new species, variability of strains and increasing coincidence of assimilation profiles. Assimilation tests still have a useful role in the identification of common species, such as the majority of clinical isolates. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY It is probable, based on these results, that many yeast identifications reported in older literature are incorrect. This emphasizes the crucial need for accurate identification in present and future publications.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Spencer
- GSK GlaxoSmithKline, Nutritional Healthcare R&D, Royal Forest Factory, Coleford, Gloucestershire, UK
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Sheiham A, Alexander D, Cohen L, Marinho V, Moysés S, Petersen PE, Spencer J, Watt RG, Weyant R. Global oral health inequalities: task group--implementation and delivery of oral health strategies. Adv Dent Res 2011; 23:259-67. [PMID: 21490238 DOI: 10.1177/0022034511402084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This paper reviews the shortcomings of present approaches to reduce oral diseases and inequalities, details the importance of social determinants, and links that to research needs and policies on implementation of strategies to reduce oral health inequalities. Inequalities in health are not narrowing. Attention is therefore being directed at determinants of major health conditions and the extent to which those common determinants vary within, between, and among groups, because if inequalities in health vary across groups, then so must underlying causes. Tackling inequalities in health requires strategies tailored to determinants and needs of each group along the social gradient. Approaches focusing mainly on downstream lifestyle and behavioral factors have limited success in reducing health inequalities. They fail to address social determinants, for changing people's behaviors requires changing their environment. There is a dearth of oral health research on social determinants that cause health-compromising behaviors and on risk factors common to some chronic diseases. The gap between what is known and implemented by other health disciplines and the dental fraternity needs addressing. To re-orient oral health research, practice, and policy toward a 'social determinants' model, a closer collaboration between and integration of dental and general health research is needed. Here, we suggest a research agenda that should lead to reductions in global inequalities in oral health.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sheiham
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Dental Public Health Unit, London, UK.
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Abstract
The study of animal immune physiology and animal models of human disease have accelerated many aspects of translational research by allowing direct, definitive investigations. In particular, the use of mice has allowed genetic manipulation, adoptive transfer, immunization, and focused cell and tissue sampling, which would obviously be unthinkable for studies in humans. However, the disease relevance of some animal models may be uncertain and difficulties in interpretation may occur as a consequence of immunological differences between the two species. In this review, we will consider general differences in the structure and development of human and mouse mucosal lymphoid microenvironments and then discuss species differences in mucosal B- and T-cell biology that relate to the current concepts of intestinal immune function.
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Affiliation(s)
- D L Gibbons
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, Kings College London, London, UK.
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Rose S, Spencer J. Chemotherapy-based treatment in uterine carcinosarcoma. Gynecol Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2010.12.280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Dentine hypersensitivity is a frequent clinical presentation though inadequately comprehended by dentists. The objective of this study was to describe Australian dentists' perception on the occurrence, predisposing factors, triggers, diagnosis and management of dentine hypersensitivity. METHODS Eight hundred dentists were randomly selected using the Australian Dental Association membership list and invited to participate in a questionnaire-based survey. RESULTS Out of 295 responding dentists, 284 private practitioners were included in the final analysis. Most dentists perceived that the occurrence of dentine hypersensitivity was <20% and commonest among 30-49 year olds. According to them, abrasion and gingival recession were the main predisposing factors whilst cold stimuli were the commonest trigger. A differential diagnosis-based approach was adopted by a majority to diagnose dentine hypersensitivity although routine screening was resorted to by a few. Most dentists were aware of the current mechanisms underlying dentine hypersensitivity whereas the majority perceived that ongoing predisposing factors was the main reason for dentine tubules to remain exposed. The commonest management strategy employed by most dentists was to prescribe desensitizing agents for home use. CONCLUSIONS Australian dentists' perception of dentine hypersensitivity is generally consistent with the current scientific consensus on this subject.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Amarasena
- Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health, School of Dentistry, The University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
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