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De Bel A, Brouwers A, Verbeke F, Coorevits L, Callewaert N, De Muynck E, Boudewijns M. VIDAS3® TB-IGRA assay: evaluation of performance characteristics in a predominantly low risk, low incidence population. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2023; 105:115885. [PMID: 36724698 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2022.115885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the analytical performance of the TB-IGRA® assay on the VIDAS3 platform (bioMérieux) when testing a predominantly low risk population in a low incidence area. RESULTS Eighty-eight percent of the results were concordant between QuantiFERON®-TB Gold-Plus (QFT®-Plus, QIAGEN) and TB-IGRA®. All 12 of 99 (12.1%) discordant results were determined positive only with the TB-IGRA® assay. In 11 of 12 of these discordant cases, no explanation could be found in the medical record. Five of these discrepant results were probably caused by the use of contaminated stimulation reagents. The remaining 6 discrepant samples were also part of the reproducibility experiment and only 2 results were reproducible positive. Overall, in the reproducibility experiment 5 of 25 (20.0 %) results were not repeatable. CONCLUSIONS the TB-IGRA® assay seems prone to contamination. Besides, we documented a reproducibility of only 80.0% with the TB-IGRA® assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelies De Bel
- Clinical laboratory, General Hospital Groeninge, Kortrijk, Belgium.
| | - Annelies Brouwers
- Clinical laboratory, General Hospital Maria Middelares, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | | | - Nico Callewaert
- Clinical laboratory, General Hospital Groeninge, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Emilie De Muynck
- Clinical laboratory, General Hospital Maria Middelares, Ghent, Belgium
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2
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Delanghe JR, Himpe J, Boelens J, Benoit D, Gadeyne B, Speeckaert MM, Verbeke F. C-reactive protein interacts with amphotericin B liposomes and its potential clinical consequences. Clin Chem Lab Med 2023; 61:1065-1068. [PMID: 36691951 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2022-1213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Amphotericin B (AmB) is the gold standard for treating invasive fungal infections. New liposomal-containing AmB formulations have been developed to improve efficacy and tolerability. Serum/plasma C-reactive protein (CRP) values are widely used for monitoring infections and inflammation. CRP shows a high affinity to phosphocholine and it aggregates structures bearing this ligand, e.g. phosphocholine-containing liposomes. Therefore, we studied the interaction between CRP and phosphocholine-containing liposomal AmB preparations in vivo and in vitro. METHODS CRP was prepared by affinity chromatography. Liposomal AmB (L-AmB, AmBisome®) was spiked (final concentrations of L-AmB: 150 mg/L) to CRP-containing serum (final CRP concentration: 300 mg/L). Following the addition of L-AmB, complex formation was monitored turbidimetrically. The size of CRP-L-AmB complexes was assessed using gel filtration. CRP was monitored in patients receiving either L-Amb or AmB lipid complex (ABLC). RESULTS Following addition of L-AmB to CRP-containing plasma, turbidimetry showed an increase in absorbance. These results were confirmed by gel permeation chromatography. Similarly, in vivo effects were observed following intravenous administration of AmBisome®: a decline in CRP values was observed. In patients receiving L-Amb, decline of CRP concentration was faster than in patients receiving ABLC. CONCLUSIONS In vitro experiments are suggestive of a complexation between CRP and liposomes in plasma. Interpretation of CRP values following administration of AmBisome® might be impaired due to this complexation. In vivo formation of complexes between liposomes and CRP might contribute, or even lead, to intravascular microembolisation. Similar effects have been described following the administration of Intralipid® and other phosphocholine-containing liposomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joris R Delanghe
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jonas Himpe
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jerina Boelens
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dominique Benoit
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bram Gadeyne
- Department of Development of Healthcare Applications, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
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3
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De Spiegeleer A, Wynendaele E, Descamps A, Debunne N, Braeckman BP, De Mey M, Coudenys J, Crombez L, Verbeke F, Janssens Y, Janky R, Goossens E, Vlaeminck C, Duchi D, Andries V, Dumas E, Petrovic M, Van de Wiele T, Knappe D, Hoffmann R, Mouly V, Bigot A, Vereecke L, Van Immerseel F, Van Den Noortgate N, De Spiegeleer B, Elewaut D. The bacterial quorum sensing peptide iAM373 is a novel inducer of sarcopenia. Clin Transl Med 2022; 12:e1053. [PMID: 36229976 PMCID: PMC9561422 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anton De Spiegeleer
- Translational Research in Immunosenescence, Gerontology and Geriatrics (TRIGG) groupGhent University HospitalGhentBelgium,Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesGhent UniversityGhentBelgium,VIB Center for Inflammation Research (IRC), Unit for Molecular Immunology and InflammationGhent UniversityGhentBelgium,Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesGhent University HospitalGhentBelgium
| | - Evelien Wynendaele
- Translational Research in Immunosenescence, Gerontology and Geriatrics (TRIGG) groupGhent University HospitalGhentBelgium,Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Amélie Descamps
- Translational Research in Immunosenescence, Gerontology and Geriatrics (TRIGG) groupGhent University HospitalGhentBelgium,Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Nathan Debunne
- Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Bart P. Braeckman
- Laboratory for Aging Physiology and Molecular Evolution, Faculty of SciencesGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Marjan De Mey
- Center for Synthetic Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience EngineeringGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Julie Coudenys
- Translational Research in Immunosenescence, Gerontology and Geriatrics (TRIGG) groupGhent University HospitalGhentBelgium,VIB Center for Inflammation Research (IRC), Unit for Molecular Immunology and InflammationGhent UniversityGhentBelgium,Laboratory for Aging Physiology and Molecular Evolution, Faculty of SciencesGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Liesbeth Crombez
- Translational Research in Immunosenescence, Gerontology and Geriatrics (TRIGG) groupGhent University HospitalGhentBelgium,Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesGhent University HospitalGhentBelgium
| | - Frederick Verbeke
- Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Yorick Janssens
- Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | | | - Evy Goossens
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineGhent UniversityMerelbekeBelgium
| | - Caroline Vlaeminck
- Laboratory for Aging Physiology and Molecular Evolution, Faculty of SciencesGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Dries Duchi
- Center for Synthetic Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience EngineeringGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Vanessa Andries
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research (IRC), Unit for Molecular Immunology and InflammationGhent UniversityGhentBelgium,Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesGhent University HospitalGhentBelgium,Host‐Microbiota‐Interaction labVIB Center for Inflammation ResearchGhentBelgium,Ghent Gut Inflammation Group (GGIG)Ghent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Emilie Dumas
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research (IRC), Unit for Molecular Immunology and InflammationGhent UniversityGhentBelgium,Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesGhent University HospitalGhentBelgium
| | - Mirko Petrovic
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesGhent University HospitalGhentBelgium
| | - Tom Van de Wiele
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience EngineeringGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Daniel Knappe
- Center of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Faculty of Chemistry and MineralogyUniversity of LeipzigLeipzigGermany
| | - Ralf Hoffmann
- Center of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Faculty of Chemistry and MineralogyUniversity of LeipzigLeipzigGermany
| | - Vincent Mouly
- Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en MyologieInserm, Sorbonne UniversitéParisFrance
| | - Anne Bigot
- Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en MyologieInserm, Sorbonne UniversitéParisFrance
| | - Lars Vereecke
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research (IRC), Unit for Molecular Immunology and InflammationGhent UniversityGhentBelgium,Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesGhent University HospitalGhentBelgium,Host‐Microbiota‐Interaction labVIB Center for Inflammation ResearchGhentBelgium,Ghent Gut Inflammation Group (GGIG)Ghent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Filip Van Immerseel
- Host‐Microbiota‐Interaction labVIB Center for Inflammation ResearchGhentBelgium
| | - Nele Van Den Noortgate
- Translational Research in Immunosenescence, Gerontology and Geriatrics (TRIGG) groupGhent University HospitalGhentBelgium,Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesGhent University HospitalGhentBelgium
| | - Bart De Spiegeleer
- Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Dirk Elewaut
- Translational Research in Immunosenescence, Gerontology and Geriatrics (TRIGG) groupGhent University HospitalGhentBelgium,VIB Center for Inflammation Research (IRC), Unit for Molecular Immunology and InflammationGhent UniversityGhentBelgium,Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesGhent University HospitalGhentBelgium
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4
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Wynendaele E, Debunne N, Janssens Y, De Spiegeleer A, Verbeke F, Tack L, Van Welden S, Goossens E, Knappe D, Hoffmann R, Van De Wiele C, Laukens D, Van Eenoo P, Vereecke L, Van Immerseel F, De Wever O, De Spiegeleer B. The quorum sensing peptide EntF* promotes colorectal cancer metastasis in mice: a new factor in the host-microbiome interaction. BMC Biol 2022; 20:151. [PMID: 35761265 PMCID: PMC9238271 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-022-01317-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer, one of the most common malignancies worldwide, is associated with a high mortality rate, mainly caused by metastasis. Comparative metagenome-wide association analyses of healthy individuals and cancer patients suggest a role for the human intestinal microbiota in tumor progression. However, the microbial molecules involved in host-microbe communication are largely unknown, with current studies mainly focusing on short-chain fatty acids and amino acid metabolites as potential mediators. Quorum sensing peptides are not yet considered in this context since their presence in vivo and their ability to affect host cells have not been reported so far. Results Here, we show that EntF*, a metabolite of the quorum sensing peptide EntF produced by Enterococcus faecium, is naturally present in mice bloodstream. Moreover, by using an orthotopic mouse model, we show that EntF* promotes colorectal cancer metastasis in vivo, with metastatic lesions in liver and lung tissues. In vitro tests suggest that EntF* regulates E-cadherin expression and consequently the epithelial-mesenchymal transition, via the CXCR4 receptor. In addition, alanine-scanning analysis indicates that the first, second, sixth, and tenth amino acid of EntF* are critical for epithelial-mesenchymal transition and tumor metastasis. Conclusion Our work identifies a new class of molecules, quorum sensing peptides, as potential regulators of host-microbe interactions. We prove, for the first time, the presence of a selected quorum sensing peptide metabolite in a mouse model, and we demonstrate its effects on colorectal cancer metastasis. We believe that our work represents a starting point for future investigations on the role of microbiome in colorectal cancer metastasis and for the development of novel bio-therapeutics in other disease areas. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12915-022-01317-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelien Wynendaele
- Drug Quality and Registration Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nathan Debunne
- Drug Quality and Registration Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Yorick Janssens
- Drug Quality and Registration Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Anton De Spiegeleer
- Drug Quality and Registration Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Frederick Verbeke
- Drug Quality and Registration Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Liesa Tack
- Drug Quality and Registration Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sophie Van Welden
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Evy Goossens
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Poultry diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Daniel Knappe
- Center of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ralf Hoffmann
- Center of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christophe Van De Wiele
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Debby Laukens
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Peter Van Eenoo
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lars Vereecke
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Filip Van Immerseel
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Poultry diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Olivier De Wever
- Department of Human Structure and Repair, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bart De Spiegeleer
- Drug Quality and Registration Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
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5
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De Clercq J, Malfait T, Malfait S, Boelens J, Coorevits L, Padalko E, Vandendriessche S, Verhasselt B, Morbée L, Bauters F, Hertegonne K, Stevens D, Vande Weygaerde Y, Vermaelen K, Van Biesen W, Vanommeslaeghe F, Verbeke F, Piers R, Van Den Noortgate N, Desmet T, Vermassen F, Vandekerckhove L, Van Braeckel E. Diagnosing COVID-19; towards a feasible COVID-19 rule-out protocol. Acta Clin Belg 2022; 77:368-376. [PMID: 33586631 PMCID: PMC7885724 DOI: 10.1080/17843286.2021.1883362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: We present the results of the COVID-19 rule-out protocol at Ghent University Hospital, a step-wise testing approach which included repeat NFS SARS-CoV-2 rRT-PCR, respiratory multiplex RT-PCR, low-dose chest CT and bronchoscopy with BAL to confirm or rule-out SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients admitted with symptoms suggestive of COVID-19. Results: Between 19 March 2020 and 30 April 2020, 455 non-critically ill patients with symptoms suspect for COVID-19 were admitted. The initial NFS for SARS-CoV-2 rRT-PCR yielded 66.9%, the second NFS 25.4% and bronchoscopy with BAL 5.9% of total COVID-19 diagnoses. In the BAL fluid, other respiratory pathogens were detected in 65% (13/20) of the COVID-19 negative patients and only in 1/7 COVID-19 positive patients. Retrospective antibody testing at the time around BAL sampling showed a positive IgA or IgG in 42.9 % of the COVID-19 positive and 10.5% of the COVID-19 negative group. Follow-up serology showed 100% COVID-19 positivity in the COVID-19 positive group and 100% IgG negativity in the COVID-19 negative group. Conclusion: In our experience, bronchoscopy with BAL can have an added value to rule-in or rule-out COVID-19 in patients with clinical and radiographical high-likelihood of COVID-19 and repeated negative NFS testing. Furthermore, culture and respiratory multiplex PCR on BAL fluid can aid to identify alternative microbial etiological agents in this group. Retrospective analysis of antibody development in this selected group of patients suggests that the implementation of serological assays in the routine testing protocol will decrease the need for invasive procedures like bronchoscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. De Clercq
- Department of Internal Medicine and Paediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - T. Malfait
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - S. Malfait
- Strategic Policy Unit, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - J. Boelens
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - L. Coorevits
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - E. Padalko
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - S. Vandendriessche
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - B. Verhasselt
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - L. Morbée
- Department of Radiology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - F. Bauters
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - K. Hertegonne
- Department of Internal Medicine and Paediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - D. Stevens
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Y. Vande Weygaerde
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - K. Vermaelen
- Department of Internal Medicine and Paediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - W. Van Biesen
- Department of Internal Medicine and Paediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Nephrology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - F. Verbeke
- Department of Internal Medicine and Paediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Nephrology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - R. Piers
- Department of Internal Medicine and Paediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Geriatrics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - N. Van Den Noortgate
- Department of Internal Medicine and Paediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Geriatrics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - T. Desmet
- Emergency Department, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - F. Vermassen
- Department of Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - L. Vandekerckhove
- Department of Internal Medicine and Paediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - E. Van Braeckel
- Department of Internal Medicine and Paediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
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6
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Verbeke F, borght KVD, De Spiegeleer A, Debunne N, Janssens Y, Wynendaele E, De Spiegeleer B. A fit-for-purpose LC-MS/MS method for the analysis of selected Streptococcal quorum sensing peptides in human saliva. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 213:114594. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.114594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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7
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Delanghe JR, Speeckaert MM, Verbeke F, De Buyzere ML. C-Reactive Protein in Neonates and Risk for Autism Spectrum Disorder. Biol Psychiatry 2021; 90:e63. [PMID: 34246463 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2021.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joris R Delanghe
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Marijn M Speeckaert
- Department of Nephrology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium; Research Foundation-Flanders (FWO), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Frederick Verbeke
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marc L De Buyzere
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
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Verbeke F, De Spiegeleer B. Faecal microbiota transplants: Why do we not consider them as Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products? United European Gastroenterol J 2021; 9:519-520. [PMID: 33961738 DOI: 10.1002/ueg2.12066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Frederick Verbeke
- Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bart De Spiegeleer
- Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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9
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Verougstraete N, Verbeke F, Delanghe JR. Exogenous triglycerides interfere with a point of care CRP assay: a pre-analytical caveat. Clin Chem Lab Med 2021; 59:e141-e143. [PMID: 33035182 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2020-1301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nick Verougstraete
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Frederick Verbeke
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Joris R Delanghe
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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10
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Verbeke F, De Wilde B, Willems J, Devreese KMJ. Purpura fulminans: How varicella zoster can result in acquired protein S deficiency. Int J Lab Hematol 2020; 43:146-147. [PMID: 33342033 DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.13441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frederick Verbeke
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bram De Wilde
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology & Stem Cell Transplantation, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jef Willems
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
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11
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Lecomte E, Laureys G, Verbeke F, Domingo Carrasco C, Van Esbroeck M, Huits R. A clinician's perspective on yellow fever vaccine-associated neurotropic disease. J Travel Med 2020; 27:5910428. [PMID: 32965473 PMCID: PMC7649383 DOI: 10.1093/jtm/taaa172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Yellow fever (YF) causes high fever, liver dysfunction, renal failure, hypercoagulopathy and platelet dysfunction and can lead to shock and death with a case-fatality ratio of 20-50%. YF vaccination results in long-lasting protective immunity. Serious adverse events (SAEs), such as YF vaccine-associated neurotropic disease (YEL-AND) are rare. We present a case of a 56-year-old Caucasian man with fever, headache, cognitive problems at the emergency department. He received a primary YF vaccination 4 weeks prior to symptom onset. Cerebrospinal fluid tested positive (POS) for YF virus by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and confirmed diagnosis of YEL-AND. The patient recovered with symptomatic treatment. We reviewed published clinical reports on YEL-AND indexed for MEDLINE. We identified and analyzed 53 case reports. Forty-five patients were male and eight were female. Twenty-nine cases met criteria for definite YEL-AND and twenty-four for suspected YEL-AND according to YF Vaccine Safety Working Group. We applied the Brighton Collaboration diagnostic criteria to assess the diagnostic accuracy of the clinical diagnoses and found meningoencephalitis in 38 reported YEL-AND cases, Guillain Barré Syndrome (GBS) in seven, Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM) in six and myelitis in five. Thirty-five patients recovered or improved; however, not all cases had a complete follow-up. The prognosis of YEL-AND presenting with GBS, ADEM or myelitis was poor. Fourteen patients received therapy (corticosteroids, intravenous immunoglobulins and/or plasmapheresis). In conclusion, YF vaccine-associated neurotropic disease is a very rare but SAE after YF vaccination. We described a case of YEL-AND and propose a standardized clinical workup of this condition based on a review of the literature. Centralized registration of complications of YF vaccination is encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elien Lecomte
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Ghent, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Guy Laureys
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Ghent, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Frederick Verbeke
- Department of Clinical Biology, University Hospital of Ghent, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Cristina Domingo Carrasco
- Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Highly Pathogenic Viruses- ZBS-1, Robert Koch Institute, Seestraβe 10, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marjan Van Esbroeck
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Kronenburgstraat 43, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ralph Huits
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Kronenburgstraat 43, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium
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12
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Steijns F, Bracke N, Renard M, De Backer J, Sips P, Debunne N, Wynendaele E, Verbeke F, De Spiegeleer B, Campens L. MEK1/2 Inhibition in Murine Heart and Aorta After Oral Administration of Refametinib Supplemented Drinking Water. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:1336. [PMID: 32982746 PMCID: PMC7483920 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Upregulation of the RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK-MAPK pathway is involved in the development of several human tumors, aortic aneurysms, atherosclerosis, and cardiomyopathy. Refametinib, a highly selective MEK-inhibitor, has already shown antineoplastic activity in phase II trials. Furthermore, it showed potency to attenuate aortic root growth in murine models. Current formulations of this drug however necessitate oral gavage as a delivery method for long-term studies, which is labor-intensive and induces stress and occasional injury, potentially confounding results. Therefore, we developed a novel oral administration method for refametinib. A 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HPBCD) based drinking water preparation of refametinib was formulated, for which a selective, analytical UHPLC-UV method was developed to assess the in-use stability. Next, 16 week old male wild-type C57Bl/6J mice received either a daily dose of 50 or 75 mg/kg/day refametinib or were given regular drinking water during 7 days. In both dosage groups the refametinib plasma levels were measured (n = 10 or 7, respectively). Furthermore, pERK/total ERK protein levels were calculated in the myocardial and aortic tissue of mice receiving a daily dose of 50 mg/kg/day refametinib and untreated mice (n = 4/group). After 7 days no significant degradation of refametinib was observed when dissolved in drinking water provided that drinking bottles were protected from UV/visible light. Furthermore, a dose-dependent increase in refametinib plasma levels was found whereby active plasma levels (> 1.2 µg/mL) were obtained even in the lowest dose-group of 50 mg/kg/day. A significant reduction of pERK/total ERK protein levels compared to untreated mice was observed in aortic and myocardial tissue of mice receiving a daily dose of 50 mg/kg/day refametinib. Importantly, a relatively high mortality rate was noted in the highest dose group (n = 5). This approach provides a valid alternative oral administration method for refametinib with a reduced risk of complications due to animal manipulation and without loss of functionality, which can be implemented in future research regarding the malignant upregulation of the RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK-MAPK pathway. However, care must be taken not to exceed the toxic dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felke Steijns
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Bracke
- Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuar) Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Julie De Backer
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Cardiology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Patrick Sips
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nathan Debunne
- Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuar) Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Evelien Wynendaele
- Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuar) Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Frederick Verbeke
- Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuar) Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bart De Spiegeleer
- Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuar) Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Laurence Campens
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Cardiology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
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13
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Abstract
Analytical method development for peptides often proves challenging since these molecules can adsorb to the plastic or glass consumables used in the analysis. This adsorption causes considerable loss and unreliable results, especially in the lower concentration range. Therefore, a variety of antiadsorption strategies have previously been developed to cope with this adsorption, often however incompatible with direct liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis. Here, a novel antiadsorption diluent is introduced, based on controlled hydrolysis and precipitation of bovine serum albumin. This diluent considerably decreases the adsorption of certain peptides to glass. Moreover, it is LC-MS compatible and can also be used in combination with formic acid and/or acetonitrile addition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederick Verbeke
- Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Ghent University , Ottergemsesteenweg 460 , B-9000 Ghent , Belgium
| | - Nathalie Bracke
- Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Ghent University , Ottergemsesteenweg 460 , B-9000 Ghent , Belgium
| | - Nathan Debunne
- Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Ghent University , Ottergemsesteenweg 460 , B-9000 Ghent , Belgium
| | - Evelien Wynendaele
- Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Ghent University , Ottergemsesteenweg 460 , B-9000 Ghent , Belgium
| | - Bart De Spiegeleer
- Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Ghent University , Ottergemsesteenweg 460 , B-9000 Ghent , Belgium
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14
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Tack L, Bracke N, Verbeke F, Wynendaele E, Pauwels E, Maes A, Van de Wiele C, Sathekge M, De Spiegeleer B. Biological Characterisation of Somatropin-Derived Cryptic Peptides. Int J Pept Res Ther 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-018-9749-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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15
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D'Hondt M, Verbeke F, Wuytens P, Skirtach A, De Spiegeleer B, Wynendaele E. Hot-Melt Preparation of a Non-Biodegradable Peptide Implant: A Proof of Principle. Protein Pept Lett 2019; 26:691-701. [PMID: 31215364 DOI: 10.2174/0929866526666190619113724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both biodegradable and non-biodegradable peptide-loaded implants are already developed for the long-term treatment of patients, thereby reducing the frequency of drug administration. To further improve peptide formulation, extending the scope of implant-based drug delivery systems towards other polymers and processing techniques is highly interesting. OBJECTIVE In this study, as a proof-of-principle, the feasibility of hot-melt processing of a peptide active pharmaceutical ingredient was assessed by developing a non-biodegradable poly(ethylenevinyl acetate) (33% VA) implant loaded with 20% (w/w) buserelin acetate. METHODS Cross-sectional implant characterization was performed by Raman microscopy. The stability of buserelin acetate in the polymeric matrix was evaluated for 3 months under ICH stability conditions and the quantity as well as the degradation products analyzed using LC-UV methods. An in vitro dissolution study was performed as well and buserelin acetate and its degradants analyzed using the same chromatographic methods. RESULTS No significant quantities of buserelin acetate-related degradation products were formed during the hot-melt preparation as well as during the stability study. Together with the consistent buserelin acetate assay values over time, chemical peptide stability was thus demonstrated. The in vitro buserelin acetate release from the implant was found to be diffusion-controlled after an initial burst release, with stable release profiles in the stability study, demonstrating the functional stability of the peptide implant. CONCLUSION These results indicate the feasibility of preparing non-biodegradable peptide-loaded implants using the hot-melt production method and may act as a proof of principle concept for further innovation in peptide medicinal formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias D'Hondt
- Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Frederick Verbeke
- Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pieter Wuytens
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Centre for Nano-Biophotonics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Andre Skirtach
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Centre for Nano-Biophotonics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bart De Spiegeleer
- Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Evelien Wynendaele
- Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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16
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Verbeke F, Lambrecht S, Lecocq E, Parez JJ, Delanghe J. Increased C-reactive protein values in the absence of inflammation: monoclonal immunoglobulin interference in immunonephelometry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 57:e311-e313. [DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2019-0398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frederick Verbeke
- Department of Laboratory Medicine , Ghent University Hospital , Ghent , Belgium
| | - Stijn Lambrecht
- Department of Laboratory Medicine , Ghent University Hospital , Ghent , Belgium
| | - Elke Lecocq
- Department of Laboratory Medicine , Ghent University Hospital , Ghent , Belgium
| | - Jean-Jacques Parez
- Department of Laboratory Medicine , Centre Hospitalier de Wallonie , Tournai , Belgium
| | - Joris Delanghe
- Department of Laboratory Medicine , Ghent University Hospital , Ghent , Belgium , Phone: +329 332 29 56, Fax: +329 332 49 85
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17
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Verbeke F, Debunne N, Janssens Y, Tack L, Wynendaele E, Rigole P, Coenye T, De Spiegeleer B. Detection and quantification of Enterococcus faecalis RNPP-type quorum sensing peptides in bacterial culture media by UHPLC-MS. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 160:55-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2017] [Revised: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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18
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Fourdinier O, Schepers E, Meuth VML, Glorieux G, Liabeuf S, Verbeke F, Choukroun G, Massy Z, Metzinger L. Expression sérique et intérêt pronostique de miR-126 et miR-223 dans la maladie rénale chronique. Nephrol Ther 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nephro.2018.07.293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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19
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Janssens Y, Nielandt J, Bronselaer A, Debunne N, Verbeke F, Wynendaele E, Van Immerseel F, Vandewynckel YP, De Tré G, De Spiegeleer B. Disbiome database: linking the microbiome to disease. BMC Microbiol 2018; 18:50. [PMID: 29866037 PMCID: PMC5987391 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-018-1197-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent research has provided fascinating indications and evidence that the host health is linked to its microbial inhabitants. Due to the development of high-throughput sequencing technologies, more and more data covering microbial composition changes in different disease types are emerging. However, this information is dispersed over a wide variety of medical and biomedical disciplines. DESCRIPTION Disbiome is a database which collects and presents published microbiota-disease information in a standardized way. The diseases are classified using the MedDRA classification system and the micro-organisms are linked to their NCBI and SILVA taxonomy. Finally, each study included in the Disbiome database is assessed for its reporting quality using a standardized questionnaire. CONCLUSIONS Disbiome is the first database giving a clear, concise and up-to-date overview of microbial composition differences in diseases, together with the relevant information of the studies published. The strength of this database lies within the combination of the presence of references to other databases, which enables both specific and diverse search strategies within the Disbiome database, and the human annotation which ensures a simple and structured presentation of the available data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yorick Janssens
- Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Joachim Nielandt
- Department of Telecommunications and Information Processing, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University, Sint-Pietersnieuwstraat 41, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Antoon Bronselaer
- Department of Telecommunications and Information Processing, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University, Sint-Pietersnieuwstraat 41, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nathan Debunne
- Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Frederick Verbeke
- Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Evelien Wynendaele
- Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Filip Van Immerseel
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Yves-Paul Vandewynckel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hepatology Research Unit; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Guy De Tré
- Department of Telecommunications and Information Processing, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University, Sint-Pietersnieuwstraat 41, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bart De Spiegeleer
- Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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20
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Janssens Y, Wynendaele E, Verbeke F, Debunne N, Gevaert B, Audenaert K, Van DeWiele C, De Spiegeleer B. Screening of quorum sensing peptides for biological effects in neuronal cells. Peptides 2018; 101:150-156. [PMID: 29360479 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2018.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Quorum sensing peptides (QSP) are an important class of bacterial peptides which can have an effect on human host cells. These peptides are used by bacteria to communicate with each other. Some QSP are able to cross the blood-brain barrier and reach the brain parenchyma. However, nothing is known about the effects of these peptides in the brain. Therefore, 85 quorum sensing peptides were screened on six different neuronal cell lines using MTT toxicity, neurite differentiation, cytokine production and morphology as biological outcomes. This primary screening resulted in 22 peptides with effects observed on neuronal cell lines, indicating a possible role in the gut-brain axis. Four peptides (Q138, Q143, Q180 and Q212) showed induction of neurite outgrowth while two peptides (Q162 and Q208) inhibited NGF-induced neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells. Eight peptides (Q25, Q135, Q137, Q146, Q151, Q165, Q208 and Q298) induced neurite outgrowth in human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. Two peptides (Q13 and Q52) were toxic for SH-SY5Y cells and one (Q123) for BV-2 microglia cells based on the MTT assay. Six peptides had an effect on BV-2 microglia, Q180, Q184 and Q191 were able to induce IL-6 expression and Q164, Q192 and Q208 induced NO production. Finally, Q75 and Q147 treated C8D1A astrocytes demonstrated a higher fraction of round cells. Overall, these in vitro screening study results indicate for the first time possible effects of QSP on neuronal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yorick Janssens
- Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Evelien Wynendaele
- Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Frederick Verbeke
- Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nathan Debunne
- Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bert Gevaert
- Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kurt Audenaert
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Christophe Van DeWiele
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, Ghent B-9000, Belgium
| | - Bart De Spiegeleer
- Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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21
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Abstract
During faecal microbiota transplantation, stool from a healthy donor is transplanted to treat a variety of dysbiosis-associated gut diseases. Competent authorities are faced with the challenge to provide adequate regulation. Currently, regulatory harmonization is completely lacking and authorities apply non-existing to most stringent requirements. A regulatory approach for faecal microbiota transplantation could be inserting faecal microbiota transplantation in the gene-, cell- and tissue regulations, including the hospital exemption system in the European Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products regulation, providing a pragmatic and efficacy-risk balanced approach and granting all patients as a matter of principle access to this therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederick Verbeke
- Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Yorick Janssens
- Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Evelien Wynendaele
- Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bart De Spiegeleer
- Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium.
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22
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Janssens Y, Verbeke F, Debunne N, Wynendaele E, Peremans K, De Spiegeleer B. Analysis of iodinated quorum sensing peptides by LC-UV/ESI ion trap mass spectrometry. J Pharm Anal 2017; 8:69-74. [PMID: 29568670 PMCID: PMC5859190 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Five different quorum sensing peptides (QSP) were iodinated using different iodination techniques. These iodinated peptides were analyzed using a C18 reversed phase HPLC system, applying a linear gradient of water and acetonitrile containing 0.1% (m/v) formic acid as mobile phase. Electrospray ionization (ESI) ion trap mass spectrometry was used for the identification of the modified peptides, while semi-quantification was performed using total ion current (TIC) spectra. Non-iodinated peptides and mono- and di-iodinated peptides (NIP, MIP and DIP respectively) were well separated and eluted in that order. Depending on the used iodination method, iodination yields varied from low (2%) to high (57%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yorick Janssens
- Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Frederick Verbeke
- Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nathan Debunne
- Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Evelien Wynendaele
- Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kathelijne Peremans
- Department of Veterinary Medical Imaging and Small Animal Orthopaedics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Bart De Spiegeleer
- Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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23
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Verbeke F, De Craemer S, Debunne N, Janssens Y, Wynendaele E, Van de Wiele C, De Spiegeleer B. Peptides as Quorum Sensing Molecules: Measurement Techniques and Obtained Levels In vitro and In vivo. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:183. [PMID: 28446863 PMCID: PMC5388746 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression of certain bacterial genes is regulated in a cell-density dependent way, a phenomenon called quorum sensing. Both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria use this type of communication, though the signal molecules (auto-inducers) used by them differ between both groups: Gram-negative bacteria use predominantly N-acyl homoserine lacton (AHL) molecules (autoinducer-1, AI-1) while Gram-positive bacteria use mainly peptides (autoinducer peptides, AIP or quorum sensing peptides). These quorum sensing molecules are not only involved in the inter-microbial communication, but can also possibly cross-talk directly or indirectly with their host. This review summarizes the currently applied analytical approaches for quorum sensing identification and quantification with additionally summarizing the experimentally found in vivo concentrations of these molecules in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederick Verbeke
- Drug Quality and Registration Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent UniversityGhent, Belgium
| | - Severine De Craemer
- Drug Quality and Registration Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent UniversityGhent, Belgium
| | - Nathan Debunne
- Drug Quality and Registration Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent UniversityGhent, Belgium
| | - Yorick Janssens
- Drug Quality and Registration Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent UniversityGhent, Belgium
| | - Evelien Wynendaele
- Drug Quality and Registration Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent UniversityGhent, Belgium
| | - Christophe Van de Wiele
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, AZ GroeningeKortrijk, Belgium.,Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent UniversityGhent, Belgium
| | - Bart De Spiegeleer
- Drug Quality and Registration Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent UniversityGhent, Belgium
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Gevaert B, Veryser L, Verbeke F, Wynendaele E, De Spiegeleer B. Fish Hydrolysates: A Regulatory Perspective of Bioactive Peptides. Protein Pept Lett 2017; 23:1052-1060. [PMID: 27809749 DOI: 10.2174/0929866523666161102122637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
For the first time introduced on the Japanese market, bioactive fish hydrolysates are now available all over the world as food supplements, functional food ingredients or nutricosmeceuticals. They are generally produced from low value fish waste, an almost inexhaustible source of raw material, and are sold as high value products, making them economically interesting from a manufacturer's view point. Most of these products have health or structure/function claims on their packages with different actions like antihypertensive, blood-glucose lowering, anxiolytic, and skin anti-aging activities. Although the different regional legislations all aim to assure consumer safety and prevent misleading of the consumer, the number of legally approved fish hydrolysate containing products drastically differs among different regions. This is because products that have been positively evaluated based on safety and efficacy in one region were found to have not enough evidence for efficacy in another region. These findings call for further international harmonization of the regulation and classification of these products. Moreover, interaction studies of these bioactive products with the normal diet or medicines are generally not performed, keeping the consumer uninformed of the possible risks of combining these products with medicinal products or other food ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Bart De Spiegeleer
- Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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25
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Bracke N, Yao H, Wynendaele E, Verbeke F, Xu X, Gevaert B, Maes A, Van de Wiele C, Sathekge M, De Saeger S, De Spiegeleer B. In Vitro Functional Quality Characterization of NOTA-Modified Somatropins. Anal Chem 2017; 89:2764-2772. [PMID: 28192978 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b03601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Chemical modifications on protein biopharmaceuticals introduce extra variability in addition to their inherent complexity, hence require more comprehensive analytical and functional characterization during their discovery, development, and manufacturing. Somatropin (i.e., recombinant human growth hormone, rhGH) modified with the chelating agent S-2-(4-isothiocyanatobenzyl)-1,4,7-triazacyclononane-1,4,7-triacetic acid (p-SCN-Bn-NOTA) allows the incorporation of radiometals for research and possible theranostic purposes. We previously demonstrated that this conjugation leads to multiple substitution degrees and positional isomers within the product. In vitro techniques at the molecular and cellular levels were now applied to assess their functional quality: (i) size exclusion chromatography (SEC) demonstrated functional complexation with human growth hormone binding protein (hGHBp) to the different NOTA-modified somatropins as well as to gallium chelated NOTA-functionalities (Ga-10:1 NOTA-somatropin); (ii) native mass spectrometry (MS) offered in-depth information, a substitution degree up to four NOTAs was still functional; (iii) circular dichroism (CD) analysis confirmed the complexation of unmodified and NOTA-modified somatropin to hGHBp; and (iv) a hGHR bioassay demonstrated initiation of the signal transduction cascade, after binding of all investigated products to the receptor presented on cells with a similar potency (pEC50 values between 9.53 and 9.78) and efficacy (Emax values between 130 and 160%). We conclude that the NOTA-modified somatropins do not possess a significantly different in vitro functionality profile compared to unmodified somatropin. Techniques such as SEC, MS, and CD, traditionally used in the physicochemical characterization of proteins have a demonstrated potential use in the functionality evaluation not only in drug discovery and development but also in quality control settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Bracke
- Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University , B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Han Yao
- Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University , B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Evelien Wynendaele
- Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University , B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Frederick Verbeke
- Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University , B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Xiaolong Xu
- Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University , B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bert Gevaert
- Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University , B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Alex Maes
- AZ Groeninge, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Catholic University Leuven , B-8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
| | | | - Mike Sathekge
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Steve Biko Academic Hospital, University of Pretoria , Pretoria, 0002, South Africa
| | - Sarah De Saeger
- Laboratory of Food Analysis, Department of Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University , B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bart De Spiegeleer
- Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University , B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Stalmans S, Gevaert B, Verbeke F, D'Hondt M, Bracke N, Wynendaele E, De Spiegeleer B. Quality control of cationic cell-penetrating peptides. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 117:289-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2015.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Revised: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Wynendaele E, Verbeke F, Stalmans S, Gevaert B, Janssens Y, Van De Wiele C, Peremans K, Burvenich C, De Spiegeleer B. Quorum Sensing Peptides Selectively Penetrate the Blood-Brain Barrier. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142071. [PMID: 26536593 PMCID: PMC4633044 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria communicate with each other by the use of signaling molecules, a process called 'quorum sensing'. One group of quorum sensing molecules includes the oligopeptides, which are mainly produced by Gram-positive bacteria. Recently, these quorum sensing peptides were found to biologically influence mammalian cells, promoting i.a. metastasis of cancer cells. Moreover, it was found that bacteria can influence different central nervous system related disorders as well, e.g. anxiety, depression and autism. Research currently focuses on the role of bacterial metabolites in this bacteria-brain interaction, with the role of the quorum sensing peptides not yet known. Here, three chemically diverse quorum sensing peptides were investigated for their brain influx (multiple time regression technique) and efflux properties in an in vivo mouse model (ICR-CD-1) to determine blood-brain transfer properties: PhrCACET1 demonstrated comparatively a very high initial influx into the mouse brain (Kin = 20.87 μl/(g×min)), while brain penetrabilities of BIP-2 and PhrANTH2 were found to be low (Kin = 2.68 μl/(g×min)) and very low (Kin = 0.18 μl/(g×min)), respectively. All three quorum sensing peptides were metabolically stable in plasma (in vitro) during the experimental time frame and no significant brain efflux was observed. Initial tissue distribution data showed remarkably high liver accumulation of BIP-2 as well. Our results thus support the potential role of some quorum sensing peptides in different neurological disorders, thereby enlarging our knowledge about the microbiome-brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelien Wynendaele
- Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Frederick Verbeke
- Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sofie Stalmans
- Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bert Gevaert
- Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Yorick Janssens
- Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Christophe Van De Wiele
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kathelijne Peremans
- Department of Medical Imaging, Medicine and Clinical Biology of Small Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Christian Burvenich
- Comparative Physiology and Biometrics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Bart De Spiegeleer
- Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Wynendaele E, Gevaert B, Stalmans S, Verbeke F, De Spiegeleer B. Exploring the chemical space of quorum sensing peptides. Biopolymers 2015; 104:544-51. [DOI: 10.1002/bip.22649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Evelien Wynendaele
- Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) Group; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University; Ottergemsesteenweg 460 Ghent 9000 Belgium
| | - Bert Gevaert
- Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) Group; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University; Ottergemsesteenweg 460 Ghent 9000 Belgium
| | - Sofie Stalmans
- Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) Group; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University; Ottergemsesteenweg 460 Ghent 9000 Belgium
| | - Frederick Verbeke
- Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) Group; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University; Ottergemsesteenweg 460 Ghent 9000 Belgium
| | - Bart De Spiegeleer
- Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) Group; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University; Ottergemsesteenweg 460 Ghent 9000 Belgium
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Verbeke F, Wynendaele E, Braet S, D’Hondt M, De Spiegeleer B. Quality evaluation of synthetic quorum sensing peptides used in R&D. J Pharm Anal 2015; 5:169-181. [PMID: 29403929 PMCID: PMC5762210 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2014.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Revised: 11/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Peptides are becoming an important class of molecules in the pharmaceutical field. Closely related peptide-impurities in peptides are inherent to the synthesis approach and have demonstrated to potentially mask biomedical experimental results. Quorum sensing peptides are attracting high interest in R&D and therefore a representative set of quorum sensing peptides, with a requested purity of at least 95.0%, was evaluated for their purity and nature of related impurities. In-house quality control (QC) revealed a large discrepancy between the purity levels as stated on the supplier׳s certificate of analysis and our QC results. By using our QC analysis flowchart, we demonstrated that only 44.0% of the peptides met the required purity. The main compound of one sample was even found to have a different structure compared to the desired peptide. We also found that the majority of the related impurities were lacking amino acid(s) in the desired peptide sequence. Relying on the certificates of analysis as provided by the supplier might have serious consequences for peptide research, and peptide-researchers should implement and maintain a thorough in-house QC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Bart De Spiegeleer
- Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Wynendaele E, Verbeke F, D'Hondt M, Hendrix A, Van De Wiele C, Burvenich C, Peremans K, De Wever O, Bracke M, De Spiegeleer B. Crosstalk between the microbiome and cancer cells by quorum sensing peptides. Peptides 2015; 64:40-8. [PMID: 25559405 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2014.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Revised: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
To date, the precise role of the human microbiome in health and disease states remains largely undefined. Complex and selective crosstalk systems between the microbiome and mammalian cells are also not yet reported. Research up till now mainly focused on bacterial synthesis of virulence factors, reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) and hydrogen sulphide, as well as on the activation of exogenous mutagen precursors by intestinal bacteria. We discovered that certain quorum sensing peptides, produced by bacteria, interact with mammalian cells, in casu cancer cells: Phr0662 (Bacillus sp.), EntF-metabolite (Enterococcus faecium) and EDF-derived (Escherichia coli) peptides initiate HCT-8/E11 colon cancer cell invasion, with Phr0662 also promoting angiogenesis. Our findings thus indicate that the human microbiome, through their quorum sensing peptides, may be one of the factors responsible for cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelien Wynendaele
- Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, Ghent B-9000, Belgium
| | - Frederick Verbeke
- Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, Ghent B-9000, Belgium
| | - Matthias D'Hondt
- Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, Ghent B-9000, Belgium
| | - An Hendrix
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Experimental Cancer Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, Ghent B-9000, Belgium
| | - Christophe Van De Wiele
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, Ghent B-9000, Belgium
| | - Christian Burvenich
- Comparative Physiology and Biometrics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, Merelbeke B-9820, Belgium
| | - Kathelijne Peremans
- Department of Medical Imaging, Medicine and Clinical Biology of Small Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, Merelbeke B-9820, Belgium
| | - Olivier De Wever
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Experimental Cancer Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, Ghent B-9000, Belgium
| | - Marc Bracke
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Experimental Cancer Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, Ghent B-9000, Belgium
| | - Bart De Spiegeleer
- Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, Ghent B-9000, Belgium.
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D’Hondt M, Bracke N, Taevernier L, Gevaert B, Verbeke F, Wynendaele E, De Spiegeleer B. Related impurities in peptide medicines. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2014; 101:2-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2014.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Revised: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Abstract
Background: Plant N-alkylamides (NAAs) are bio-active compounds with a broad functional spectrum. In order to reach their pharmacodynamic targets, they have to overcome several barriers of the body in the absorption phase. The permeability kinetics of spilanthol (a diene NAA) and pellitorine (a triene NAA) across these barriers (i.e. skin, oral/gut mucosa, blood-brain barrier) were investigated.Methods: The skin and oral mucosa permeability were investigated using human skin and pig mucosa in an ex vivo in vitro Franz diffusion cell set-up. The gut absorption characteristics were examined using the in vitro Caco-2 cell monolayer test system. The initial blood-brain barrier transport kinetics were investigated in an in vivo mice model using multiple time regression and efflux experiments. Quantification of both NAAs was conducted using HPLC-UV and bio-analytical UPLC-MS methods.Results: We demonstrated that spilanthol and pellitorine are able to penetrate the skin after topical administration. It is likely that spilanthol and pellitorine can pass the endothelial gut as they easily pass the Caco-2 cells in the monolayer model. It has been shown that spilanthol also crosses the oral mucosa as well as the blood-brain barrier. Conclusion: It was demonstrated that NAAs pass various physiological barriers i.e. the skin, oral and gut mucosa, and after having reached the systemic circulation, also the blood-brain barrier. As such, NAAs are cosmenutriceuticals which can be active in the brain.Key words: Plant N-alkylamides, pharmacokinetics, mucosa/skin, blood-brain barrier (BBB), cosmenutriceuticals
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Verbeke F, Lindley E, Van Bortel L, Vanholder R, London G, Cochat P, Wiecek A, Fouque D, Van Biesen W. A European Renal Best Practice (ERBP) position statement on the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of Blood Pressure in Non-dialysis-dependent Chronic Kidney Disease: an endorsement with some caveats for real-life application. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2013; 29:490-6. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gft321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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D'Hondt M, Verbeke F, Stalmans S, Gevaert B, Wynendaele E, De Spiegeleer B. Derringer desirability and kinetic plot LC-column comparison approach for MS-compatible lipopeptide analysis. J Pharm Anal 2013; 4:173-182. [PMID: 29403880 PMCID: PMC5761130 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2013.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipopeptides are currently re-emerging as an interesting subgroup in the peptide research field, having historical applications as antibacterial and antifungal agents and new potential applications as antiviral, antitumor, immune-modulating and cell-penetrating compounds. However, due to their specific structure, chromatographic analysis often requires special buffer systems or the use of trifluoroacetic acid, limiting mass spectrometry detection. Therefore, we used a traditional aqueous/acetonitrile based gradient system, containing 0.1% (m/v) formic acid, to separate four pharmaceutically relevant lipopeptides (polymyxin B1, caspofungin, daptomycin and gramicidin A1), which were selected based upon hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA). In total, the performance of four different C18 columns, including one UPLC column, were evaluated using two parallel approaches. First, a Derringer desirability function was used, whereby six single and multiple chromatographic response values were rescaled into one overall D-value per column. Using this approach, the YMC Pack Pro C18 column was ranked as the best column for general MS-compatible lipopeptide separation. Secondly, the kinetic plot approach was used to compare the different columns at different flow rate ranges. As the optimal kinetic column performance is obtained at its maximal pressure, the length elongation factor λ (Pmax/Pexp) was used to transform the obtained experimental data (retention times and peak capacities) and construct kinetic performance limit (KPL) curves, allowing a direct visual and unbiased comparison of the selected columns, whereby the YMC Triart C18 UPLC and ACE C18 columns performed as best. Finally, differences in column performance and the (dis)advantages of both approaches are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias D'Hondt
- Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Harelbekestraat 72, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Frederick Verbeke
- Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Harelbekestraat 72, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sofie Stalmans
- Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Harelbekestraat 72, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bert Gevaert
- Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Harelbekestraat 72, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Evelien Wynendaele
- Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Harelbekestraat 72, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bart De Spiegeleer
- Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Harelbekestraat 72, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Toti KS, Verbeke F, Risseeuw MD, Frecer V, Munier-Lehmann H, Van Calenbergh S. Synthesis and evaluation of 5′-modified thymidines and 5-hydroxymethyl-2′-deoxyuridines as Mycobacterium tuberculosis thymidylate kinase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Wynendaele E, Bronselaer A, Nielandt J, D'Hondt M, Stalmans S, Bracke N, Verbeke F, Van De Wiele C, De Tré G, De Spiegeleer B. Quorumpeps database: chemical space, microbial origin and functionality of quorum sensing peptides. Nucleic Acids Res 2012. [PMID: 23180797 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gks1137+[doi+link]] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Quorum-sensing (QS) peptides are biologically attractive molecules, with a wide diversity of structures and prone to modifications altering or presenting new functionalities. Therefore, the Quorumpeps database (http://quorumpeps.ugent.be) is developed to give a structured overview of the QS oligopeptides, describing their microbial origin (species), functionality (method, result and receptor), peptide links and chemical characteristics (3D-structure-derived physicochemical properties). The chemical diversity observed within this group of QS signalling molecules can be used to develop new synthetic bio-active compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelien Wynendaele
- Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) group, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent Hospital University, Ghent B-9000, Belgium
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Wynendaele E, Bronselaer A, Nielandt J, D'Hondt M, Stalmans S, Bracke N, Verbeke F, Van De Wiele C, De Tré G, De Spiegeleer B. Quorumpeps database: chemical space, microbial origin and functionality of quorum sensing peptides. Nucleic Acids Res 2012. [PMID: 23180797 PMCID: PMC3531179 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gks1137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Quorum-sensing (QS) peptides are biologically attractive molecules, with a wide diversity of structures and prone to modifications altering or presenting new functionalities. Therefore, the Quorumpeps database (http://quorumpeps.ugent.be) is developed to give a structured overview of the QS oligopeptides, describing their microbial origin (species), functionality (method, result and receptor), peptide links and chemical characteristics (3D-structure-derived physicochemical properties). The chemical diversity observed within this group of QS signalling molecules can be used to develop new synthetic bio-active compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelien Wynendaele
- Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) group, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent Hospital University, Ghent B-9000, Belgium
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Wynendaele E, Bronselaer A, Nielandt J, D’Hondt M, Stalmans S, Bracke N, Verbeke F, Van De Wiele C, De Tré G, De Spiegeleer B. Quorumpeps database: chemical space, microbial origin and functionality of quorum sensing peptides. Nucleic Acids Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1093/nar/gks1137 [doi link]] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Bolignano D, Zanoli L, Rastelli S, Marcantoni C, Coppolino G, Lucisano G, Tamburino C, Battaglia E, Castellino P, Coppolino G, Lucisano G, Presta P, Battaglia E, Pedrelli L, Bolignano D, Rastelli S, Zanoli L, Marcantoni C, Bolignano D, Coppolino G, Battaglia E, Tamburino C, Castellino P, Bolignano D, Zanoli L, Rastelli S, Marcantoni C, Coppolino G, Lucisano G, Battaglia E, Tamburino C, Castellino P, Iiadis F, Ntemka A, Didangelos T, Makedou A, Divani M, Moralidis E, Makedou K, Gotzamani-Psarakou A, Grekas D, Selistre L, Souza V, Domanova O, Cochat P, Ranchin B, Varennes A, Dubourg L, Hadj-Aissa A, Leonardis D, Mallamaci F, Enia G, Postorino M, Tripepi G, Zoccali C, MAURO Working Group, Donadio C, Kanaki A, Caprio F, Donadio E, Tognotti D, Olivieri L, Eloot S, Schepers E, Barreto D, Barreto F, Liabeuf S, Van Biesen W, Verbeke F, Glorieux G, Choukroun G, Massy Z, Vanholder R, Chaaban A, Torab F, Abouchacra S, Bernieh B, Hussein Q, Osman M, Gebran N, Kayyal Y, Al Omary H, Nagelkerke N, Horio M, Imai E, Yasuda Y, Takahara S, Watanabe T, Matsuo S, Fujimi A, Ueda S, Fukami K, Obara N, Okuda S, Pecchini P, Mieth M, Mass R, Tripepi G, Malberti F, Mallamaci F, Quinn R, Zoccali C, Ravani P, Fujii H, Kono K, Nakai K, Goto S, Fukagawa M, Nishi S, Havrda M, Granatova J, Vernerova Z, Vranova J, Hornova L, Zabka J, Rychlik I, Kratka K, De Nicola L, Zamboli P, Mascia S, Calabria M, Grimaldi M, Conte G, Minutolo R, Gluhovschi G, Modilca M, Kaycsa A, Velciov S, Gluhovschi C, Bob F, Petrica L, Bozdog G, Methven S, Traynor J, Deighan C, O'Reilly D, MacGregor M, Szotowska M, Chudek J, Adamczak M, Wiecek A, Dudar I, Shifris I, Loboda O, Yanagisawa N, Ando M, Tsuchiya K, Nitta K, Heguilen R, Liste A, Canteli M, Muguerza G, Cohen L, Ortemberg M, Hermes R, Bernasconi A, Galli D, Miani N, Staffolani E, Nicolais R, Borzacchi MS, Tozzo C, Manca di Villahermosa S, Di Daniele N, Musial K, Zwolinska D, Loriga G, Carru C, Zinellu A, Milia A, Satta AE, Frolova I, Kuryata A, Koppe L, Kalabacher E, Pelletier C, Geloen A, Fouque D, Soulage C, Feriozzi S, Torras J, Cybulla M, Nicholls K, Sunder-Plassmann G, West M. Progression & risk factors CKD 1-5 (1). Clin Kidney J 2011. [DOI: 10.1093/ndtplus/4.s2.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Verbeke F, Van Biesen W, Honkanen E, Wikström B, Jensen P, Krzesinski J, Rasmussen M, Vanholder R, Rensma P. 1.1 PROGNOSTIC VALUE OF COMBINED ASSESSMENT OF AORTIC STIFFNESS AND CALCIFICATION IN DIALYSIS PATIENTS: OUTCOME DATA OF THE CALCIFICATION OUTCOME IN RENAL DISEASE (CORD) STUDY. Artery Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.artres.2011.10.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Verbeke F, Haug U, Dhondt A, Beck W, Schnell A, Dietrich R, Deppisch R, Vanholder R. The role of polymer surface degradation and barium sulphate release in the pathogenesis of catheter-related infection. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2009; 25:1207-13. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfp638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Van Biesen W, Verbeke F, Vanholder R. We don't need no education ... . (Pink Floyd, The Wall ) Multidisciplinary predialysis education programmes: pass or fail? Nephrol Dial Transplant 2009; 24:3277-9. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfp448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Van Laecke S, Van Biesen W, Verbeke F, De Bacquer D, Peeters P, Vanholder R. Posttransplantation hypomagnesemia and its relation with immunosuppression as predictors of new-onset diabetes after transplantation. Am J Transplant 2009; 9:2140-9. [PMID: 19624560 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2009.02752.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
New-onset diabetes after transplantation (NODAT) is a frequent complication and has an impact on patient and graft survival. Hypomagnesemia is common in both renal transplant recipients and in diabetics. This study examines the relationship between hypomagnesemia, NODAT and the type of immunosuppression in renal transplant recipients. We conducted a retrospective single-center analysis (2002-2008) in order to assess NODAT the first year posttransplantation as defined by American Diabetes Association criteria. Serum magnesium (Mg) levels were defined as the median of all Mg levels registered during the first month posttransplantation. Patients with NODAT (N = 75; 29.5%) versus non-NODAT had lower Mg levels (p < 0.001). Patients with an Mg level < versus > or = 1.9 mg/dL showed a faster development of NODAT (log-rank p < 0.001). Mg levels were lower in patients on calcineurin inhibitors (CNI) versus no CNI patients (p < 0.001). Mg levels, albumin, BMI, triglycerides, posttransplantation hyperglycemia, tacrolimus levels and the use of sirolimus were predictors of NODAT in the multivariate analysis. Hypomagnesemia was an independent predictor of NODAT in renal transplant recipients. We confirm that the use of CNI is associated with NODAT, but, to a large extent, this effect seems attributable to the induction of hypomagnesemia. After adjustment for Mg, sirolimus was also associated with NODAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Van Laecke
- Renal Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.
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Glorieux G, Schepers E, Schindler R, Lemke HD, Verbeke F, Dhondt A, Lameire N, Vanholder R. A novel bio-assay increases the detection yield of microbiological impurity of dialysis fluid, in comparison to the LAL-test. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2008; 24:548-54. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfn485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Pletinck A, Verbeke F, Van Bortel L, Dequidt C, Vijt D, Van Biesen W, Vanholder R. Acute central haemodynamic effects induced by intraperitoneal glucose instillation. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2008; 23:4029-35. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfn384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Mahieu D, Rietzschel E, De Buyzere M, Verbeke F, Gillebert T, De Backer G, De Bacquer D, Verdonck P, Van Bortel L, Segers P. 03.05 ESTIMATED CENTRAL BLOOD PRESSURE: IMPORTANCE OF RADIAL ARTERY PRESSURE WAVEFORM CALIBRATION. Artery Res 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.artres.2008.08.293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Van Biesen W, Verbeke F, Vanholder R. Cardiovascular disease in haemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis: arguments pro peritoneal dialysis. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2007. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfm196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Van Biesen W, Veys N, Verbeke F, Vanholder R. Chronic kidney disease: the cinderella of general medicine. Epidemiology of and screening for CKD in Belgium. Acta Clin Belg 2006; 61:319-25. [PMID: 17323841 DOI: 10.1179/acb.2006.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- W Van Biesen
- Renal Division, Dept of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Ghent, Belgium.
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Vanholder R, Van Biesen W, Verbeke F, Lameire N. The epidemic of cardio-vascular disease in renal failure: where does it come from, where do we go? Acta Clin Belg 2006; 61:205-11. [PMID: 17240733 DOI: 10.1179/acb.2006.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Cardio-vascular disease and death are among the most important medical and socio-economic challenges of the 21st century. Renal failure, a major medical problem per se, gives rise to an accelerated and strongly magnified model of atherogenesis and vascular damage. Already with a minor decrease in renal function, coronary and vascular risk are increased and play a role next to classical risk factors such as male gender, diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia or smoking. The impact of renal failure on cardio-vascular risk remains present even after correction for these traditional risk factors. This suggests that factors specifically related to renal failure play a role. Atheromatosis is currently considered as an inflammatory disorder. Renal failure gives rise to enhanced inflammatory parameters. However, the atherogenic factors related to this inflammation remain largely unknown. Hence, the condition of renal failure may be helpful to answer this question. According to recent data from the USA, close to 5% of the general population (11% of those older than 65 without diabetes or hypertension) has a renal function which is decreased by at least 50%, but other analyses come up with even higher figures. Better identification of the factors at play in this population, optimized secondary preventive actions similar to those applied in diabetics, and timely screening and therapy will be helpful to improve quality of life and reduce socio-economic burden in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Vanholder
- Nephrology Section, University Hospital, Gent, Belgium.
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Vanholder R, Massy Z, Argiles A, Spasovski G, Verbeke F, Lameire N. Chronic kidney disease as cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2005; 20:1048-56. [PMID: 15814534 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfh813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 410] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
To make an evidence-based evaluation of the relationship between kidney failure and cardiovascular risk, we reviewed the literature obtained from a PubMed search using pre-defined keywords related to both conditions and covering 18 years (1986 until end 2003). Eighty-five publications, covering 552 258 subjects, are summarized. All but three studies support a link between kidney dysfunction and cardiovascular risk. More importantly, the association is observed very early during the evolution of renal failure: an accelerated cardiovascular risk appears at varying glomerular filtration rate (GFR) cut-off values, which were >/=60 ml/min in at least 20 studies. Many studies lacked a clear definition of cardiovascular disease and/or used a single determination of serum creatinine or GFR as an index of kidney function, which is not necessarily corresponding to well-defined chronic kidney disease. In six studies, however, chronic kidney dysfunction and cardiovascular disease were well defined and the results of these confirm the impact of kidney dysfunction. It is concluded that there is an undeniable link between kidney dysfunction and cardiovascular risk and that the presence of even subtle kidney dysfunction should be considered as one of the conditions necessitating intensive prevention of this cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Vanholder
- Nephrology Section, 0K12, University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, B-9000 Gent, Belgium.
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