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Fung HW, Geng F. Childhood adversities and psychotic symptoms among high school students in China: The role of dissociation. Asian J Psychiatr 2024; 94:103964. [PMID: 38368691 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2024.103964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are well-established risk factors for psychotic symptoms. This study replicated the relationship between ACEs and positive symptoms of psychosis in the Asian context and explored the moderating effect of dissociation. We analyzed data from 1439 high school students in China who completed validated measures of ACEs, positive symptoms of psychosis, and dissociative symptoms. The positive relationship between ACEs and psychotic symptoms was confirmed in our sample (r =0.244, p <0.001). Among different ACEs, childhood emotional neglect (β =0.139, p <0.001) and emotional abuse (β =0.125, p <0.001) had the strongest relationship with psychotic symptoms. Dissociative symptoms were also found to be a statistically significant moderator. We provide cross-cultural evidence for the relationship between ACEs and psychotic symptoms. Dissociative symptoms may exacerbate such effects. These results highlight the importance of child protection to prevent psychotic symptoms. Individuals with higher levels of dissociation may be at higher risk of developing psychotic symptoms when exposed to adversities. A trauma-informed approach to addressing psychotic symptoms in the community is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wang Fung
- Department of Social Work, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong.
| | - Fulei Geng
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, China
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Zhan N, Gao C, Cao Y, Li F, Geng F. Factor structure, measurement invariance, and psychometric properties of the Posttraumatic Cognitions Inventory (PTCI) and its brief version (PTCI-9) in Chinese adolescents and adults. Psychol Assess 2024; 36:291-302. [PMID: 38330308 DOI: 10.1037/pas0001309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
The Posttraumatic Cognitions Inventory (PTCI) is a widely used self-report tool to assess negative posttraumatic cognitions about self, world, and self-blame, but the factor structure remains controversial. Recently, a brief version of the PTCI with nine items (PTCI-9) loading onto three factors has been developed, and an excellent model fit was obtained. In this study, we examined the psychometric properties of the PTCI and PTCI-9 in a large sample of trauma-exposed Chinese adolescents (n = 1,451; mean age = 13.67 years, SD = 1.24) and adults (n = 924; mean age = 39.6 years, SD = 5.43). Confirmatory factor analysis indicated an acceptable model fit for the original PTCI but a better model fit for the PTCI-9. Furthermore, the configural, metric, and scalar invariances of the PTCI-9 were supported across age groups (adolescent and adult), gender (male and female), trauma exposure (direct and indirect), and types of traumatic events (interpersonal and noninterpersonal). The PTCI and PTCI-9 and their subscale scores showed adequate internal consistency reliability in adolescent and adult samples. The PTCI-9 also demonstrated good convergent validity, as demonstrated by statistically significant correlations with PTSD, depression, anxiety, and life satisfaction. Overall, the present study supports the Chinese PTCI and PTCI-9 as valid measures of negative cognitions in both adolescents and adults and makes meaningful comparisons of negative cognitions across gender, trauma exposure, and types of traumatic events. Notably, as a brief and valid tool, the PTCI-9 is suggested to be used in survey and longitudinal studies for adolescents and adults. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nalan Zhan
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University
| | - Chang Gao
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University
| | - Yawei Cao
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University
| | - Fan Li
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University
| | - Fulei Geng
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University
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Yuan D, Li Q, Zhan N, Zhang L, Wang J, Liu M, Geng F. Longitudinal associations of menstrual characteristics with mental health problems among Chinese girls. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2023:10.1007/s00787-023-02345-y. [PMID: 38150148 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-023-02345-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Cross-sectional studies indicate that menstrual problems are related to poorer mental health; however, longitudinal studies are limited. This longitudinal study aimed to determine whether baseline menstrual characteristics were risk factors for incident and persistent mental health problems. The study was conducted among Chinese adolescent girls. Menstrual characteristics including menarche, menstrual cycle and menstrual pain were assessed at baseline, whereas mental health problems including PTSD, depression, anxiety, ADHD, insomnia, psychotic-like experiences, non-suicidal self-injury, suicide ideation, suicide plan, and suicide attempt were assessed at baseline (n = 1039) and at the 1-year follow-up (n = 946) by self-administered, structured questionnaires. Multiple logistic regressions were performed to examine whether menstrual characteristics were associated with incident (e.g., PTSD at follow-up but not baseline) and persistent (e.g., PTSD at both time points) mental health problems. The results demonstrated that early menarche was related to persistence of psychotic-like experiences; irregular menstruation was associated with higher rates of incident anxiety and insomnia, and persistent depression, anxiety, ADHD, insomnia, non-suicidal self-injury, suicide ideation, and suicide plan; menstrual pain was associated with elevated rates of incident PTSD and depression, and persistent depression, insomnia, psychotic-like experiences, non-suicidal self-injury, suicidal ideation, suicide plan, and suicide attempt. In conclusion, irregular menstruation and menstrual pain specifically contributed to the development of emotional problems and insomnia, and were associated with maintenance of the most mental health problems in early adolescence. The long-term effects of menstrual problems on mental health need further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyan Yuan
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Ave, Nanchang, 330022, Jiangxi, China
| | - Qiaoqiao Li
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Ave, Nanchang, 330022, Jiangxi, China
| | - Nalan Zhan
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Ave, Nanchang, 330022, Jiangxi, China
| | - Lan Zhang
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Ave, Nanchang, 330022, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mingfan Liu
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Ave, Nanchang, 330022, Jiangxi, China
| | - Fulei Geng
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Ave, Nanchang, 330022, Jiangxi, China.
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Fung HW, Geng F, Yuan D, Zhan N, Lee VWP. Childhood experiences and dissociation among high school students in China: Theoretical reexamination and clinical implications. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2023; 69:1949-1957. [PMID: 37350288 DOI: 10.1177/00207640231181528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dissociation remains a controversial topic in terms of its prevalence, cross-cultural validity, and relationship with childhood trauma and adversities. AIMS This study investigated the prevalence of dissociative symptoms and probable dissociative disorders among Chinese high school students and tested the trauma model of dissociation. METHODS A total of N = 1,720 high school students completed standardized measures of positive and adverse childhood experiences (PCEs and ACEs), dissociation, depression, and anxiety. RESULTS The prevalence rates of dissociative symptoms and (probable) DSM-5 dissociative disorders (DDs) were 11.2% and 6.9%, respectively. Dissociation was a reliable construct (ICC = .682 to .752, p < .001) and was moderately correlated with general psychopathology (r = .424 with depressive symptoms, r = .423 with anxiety symptoms). Participants with a probable DD reported more ACEs, fewer PCEs, and more mental health symptoms than those without a probable DD. ACEs were significantly associated with dissociative symptoms (β = .107, p < .001) even after controlling for age, depressive, and anxiety symptoms. PCEs moderated the relationship between ACEs and dissociative symptoms. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report of the prevalence of dissociative symptoms and probable DSM-5 DDs among nonclinical children. We provide cross-cultural evidence that dissociation is a reliable and valid clinical phenomenon associated with psychopathology in children across cultures. The findings partly support the trauma model of dissociation. This study contributes to the limited literature on dissociation in children. It also offers empirical data to facilitate the ongoing controversy about (childhood) trauma and dissociation. Our findings imply that dissociation is cross-culturally associated with childhood adversities, but trauma is not the only, sufficient cause. Theoretical and clinical implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wang Fung
- Department of Social Work, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Fulei Geng
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, China
| | - Danyan Yuan
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, China
| | - Nalan Zhan
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, China
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Li F, Yuan D, Gao C, Xiong K, Geng F, Zhang L. Validity and Reliability of the Metacognitions Questionnaire-30 (MCQ-30) among Chinese Adolescents. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2023:10.1007/s10578-023-01625-7. [PMID: 37917240 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-023-01625-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the Metacognitions Questionnaire-30 (MCQ-30) in a sample of Chinese adolescents (1382 boys, 1445 girls) aged 11 to 18 years. Confirmatory factor analysis was performed to assess factor structure, as well as, measurement invariance across demographic groups and clinical symptoms. The results of confirmatory factor analyses supported the original five-factor model. Configural, metric and scalar invariance of the five-factor model were also supported by gender, age, ethnicity, residence, parental education level, depression and anxiety status. Furthermore, all five subscales demonstrated good internal consistency (Cronbach alphas > 0.75) and test-retest reliability (intra-class correlation coefficients > 0.45). Finally, the five factors were positively related to symptoms of depression, anxiety, and irritability and negatively related to positive childhood experiences and life satisfaction, indicating excellent validity. The findings provide initial evidence that the MCQ-30 is a valid measure for use in Chinese adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Li
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Ave, Nanchang, 330022, Jiangxi, China
| | - Danyan Yuan
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Ave, Nanchang, 330022, Jiangxi, China
| | - Chang Gao
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Ave, Nanchang, 330022, Jiangxi, China
| | - Kaixin Xiong
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Ave, Nanchang, 330022, Jiangxi, China
| | - Fulei Geng
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Ave, Nanchang, 330022, Jiangxi, China
| | - Lan Zhang
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Ave, Nanchang, 330022, Jiangxi, China.
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Li Y, Tian W, Liu P, Geng F. A cross-sectional analysis of the relationships between anxiety sensitivity and youth irritability: the mediated roles of insomnia and selective attention for threat. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:782. [PMID: 37880675 PMCID: PMC10598902 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05280-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Irritability is common in multiple psychiatric disorders and is hallmark of disruptive mood dysregulation disorder. Child irritability is associated with higher risk of suicide and adulthood mental health problems. However, the psychological mechanisms of irritability are understudied. This study examined the relationship between anxiety sensitivity and irritability among youth, and further explored three possible mediated factors: selective attention for threat, delayed reward discounting, and insomnia. METHODS Participants were 1417 students (51.7% male; mean age 13.83 years, SD = 1.48) recruited from one high school in Hunan province, China. Self-report questionnaires were used to measure irritability (The Affective Reactivity Index and The Brief Irritability Test), anxiety sensitivity (The Childhood Anxiety Sensitivity Index), selective attention for threat (The Davos Assessment of Cognitive Biases Scale-attention for threat bias subscale), insomnia (The Youth Self-Rating Insomnia Scale), and delayed reward discounting (The 27-item Monetary Choice Questionnaire). Structural equation modal (SEM) was performed to examine mediated relations. RESULTS Anxiety sensitivity was modestly related to irritability and insomnia (r from 0.25 to 0.54) and slightly correlated with selective attention for threat (r from 0.12 to 0.28). However, there is no significant relationship of delayed rewards discounting with anxiety sensitivity and irritability. The results of SEM showed that selective attention for threat (indirect effect estimate = 0.04) and insomnia (indirect effect estimate = 0.20) partially mediate the relationship between anxiety sensitivity and irritability, which explained 34% variation. CONCLUSIONS Anxiety sensitivity is an important susceptibility factor for irritability. Selective attention for threat and insomnia are two mediated mechanisms to understand the relationship between anxiety sensitivity and irritability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalin Li
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Ave, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330022, China
| | - Wanfu Tian
- Chenzhou Xiangnan Middle School, Chenzhou, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Chenzhou Xiangnan Middle School, Chenzhou, China
| | - Fulei Geng
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Ave, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330022, China.
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Gong M, Liu T, Liu X, Huangfu B, Geng F. Attention relieves visual crowding: Dissociable effects of peripheral and central cues. J Vis 2023; 23:9. [PMID: 37163245 PMCID: PMC10179668 DOI: 10.1167/jov.23.5.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Visual crowding can be reduced when attention is directed to the target by peripheral cues. However, it is unclear whether central cues relieve visual crowding to the same extent as peripheral cues. In this study, we combined the Posner cueing task and the crowding task to investigate the effect of exogenous and endogenous attention on crowding. In Experiment 1, five different stimulus-onset asychronies (SOAs) between the cue and the target and a predictive validity of 100% were adopted. Both attentional cues were shown to significantly reduce the effect of visual crowding, but the peripheral cue was more effective than the central cue. Furthermore, peripheral cues started to relieve visual crowding at the shortest SOA (100 ms), whereas central cues worked only at later SOAs (275 ms or above). When the predictive validity of the cue was decreased to 70% in Experiment 2, similar results to Experiment 1 were found, but the valid cue was less effective in reducing crowding than that in Experiment 1. In Experiment 3, when the predictive validity was decreased to 50%, a valid peripheral cue improved performance but a valid central cue did not, suggesting that endogenous attention but not exogenous attention can be voluntarily controlled when the cues are not predictive of the target's location. These findings collectively suggest that both peripheral and central cues can alleviate crowding, but they differ in terms of strength, time dynamics, and flexibility of voluntary control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingliang Gong
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Tingyu Liu
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xi Liu
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Bingzhe Huangfu
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Fulei Geng
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
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Zhan N, Zhang L, Gong M, Geng F. Clinical correlates of irritability, anger, hostility, and aggression in posttraumatic stress disorder. Psychol Trauma 2023:2023-66061-001. [PMID: 37104771 DOI: 10.1037/tra0001498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although irritability, anger, and aggression are diagnostic symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), their clinical significance and associations with psychopathology remain unclear. METHOD In a sample of community adults with probable PTSD (n = 151), we measured irritability, physical aggression, verbal aggression, anger, and hostility with the Brief Irritability Test and the Brief Aggression Questionnaire. Participants' psychopathology, including depression, attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), psychotic-like experiences, insomnia, as well as suicidal behaviors were also assessed. RESULTS Correlation analysis showed that irritability and anger were modestly related to all PTSD dimensions; physical aggression was related to avoidance, negative alterations in cognitions and mood (NACM), and hyperarousal; hostility was related to reexperiencing, NACM, and hyperarousal; while verbal aggression was not significantly related to any PTSD dimensions. After adjustment for trauma exposure and PTSD symptoms, irritability was associated with almost all psychopathology and suicidal behaviors, however, anger, hostility, and aggression were sparsely related to some psychopathology or suicidal behaviors. Particularly, anger was only related to ADHD and insomnia. Latent profile analysis based on PTSD, irritability, anger, hostility, and aggression indicated two discrete subgroups: the high severity group (33.8%) and the low severity group (66.2%), with high severity group reporting higher rates of comorbidity and suicidal behaviors. CONCLUSIONS The findings support irritability, aggression, anger, and hostility as separate constructs; moreover, irritability, anger, and aggression should be independently measured in PTSD. Our findings also suggest the significance of irritability as a separate hallmark of PTSD and the need to incorporate PTSD dimensions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nalan Zhan
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University
| | - Lan Zhang
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University
| | | | - Fulei Geng
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University
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Liu M, Li L, Xiao Y, Wang X, Ye B, Wang X, Geng F. The psychological mechanism underlying neuroticism on divorce proneness: The chain mediating roles of negative partner support and couple burnout and the moderating role of economic level. J Affect Disord 2023; 327:279-284. [PMID: 36720406 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.01.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have found that neuroticism is a significant predictor of divorce proneness. However, how neuroticism affects divorce proneness remains unclear. Based on the vulnerability-stress-adaptation (VSA) model of marriage, this study aimed to explore the psychological mechanism by which neuroticism affects divorce proneness. METHODS A total of 752 Chinese heterosexual married individuals were surveyed by the Neurotic Subscale of the NEO Five-Factor Inventory, the Negative Subscale of the Dyadic Coping Inventory, the Couple Burnout Measure, the Divorce Proneness Scale, and the Personal Monthly Income Survey. RESULTS (1) Negative partner support and couple burnout played chain mediating roles in the relationship between neuroticism and divorce proneness, which constructed a chain mediating model. (2) Economic level played a moderating role in the relationship between couple burnout and divorce proneness, which was the latter part of the chain mediating model. CONCLUSIONS Divorce proneness can be decreased by perfecting personality traits, reducing negative partner support and couple burnout, and improving the economic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingfan Liu
- Center of Mental Health Education and Research, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China; Department of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China.
| | - Linran Li
- Department of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Yubei Xiao
- SILC Business School, Shanghai University, Shanghai 201899, China
| | - Xiumei Wang
- Department of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China.
| | - Baojuan Ye
- Center of Mental Health Education and Research, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China; Department of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Xinqiang Wang
- Center of Mental Health Education and Research, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China; Department of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Fulei Geng
- Center of Mental Health Education and Research, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China; Department of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
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Geng F, Liang Y, Zhan N, Wang J. Prevalence, Clinical Features, and Psychological Characteristics of Dissociative Subtype of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Chinese Prisoners. J Trauma Dissociation 2023; 24:63-78. [PMID: 35611661 DOI: 10.1080/15299732.2022.2079797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine prevalence, clinical symptoms, and psychological characteristics of D-PTSD in a sample of Chinese prisoners with probable PTSD. A total of 1458 male prisoners were recruited from a large prison in Guangdong, China. Participants completed self-administrated questionnaires that assessed PTSD and dissociative symptoms, psychopathology, emotion regulation, emotional expressivity, social pleasure, traumatic events, and social support. According to DSM-5 criteria, participants were classified into four groups: D-PTSD, PTSD only, derealization/depersonalization (DD) only, and neither. The proportions of D-PTSD, PTSD only, DD only and neither were 2.5%, 4.7%, 2.4%, and 92.2%, respectively. PTSD symptoms and emotion regulation difficulties were distinguishing for the four groups: PTSD symptoms declined gradually in the order of D-PTSD, PTSD only, DD only, and neither, while emotion regulation difficulties declined in an order from D-PTSD, DD only, and PTSD only to neither, all ps < .001. D-PTSD and DD only had higher depressive and dissociative symptoms than PTSD only and the neither groups, all ps < .001. D-PTSD also had more borderline personality symptoms, emotion regulation difficulties, and more negative emotional expressivity than PTSD only and DD only, all ps < .05. Logistic regressions indicated that D-PTSD reported lower social support compared to PTSD only (OR = 0.95, p < .01), DD only (OR = 0.96, p < .05) and neither (OR = 0.93, p < .001). D-PTSD is common in probable PTSD in prisoners and is associated with complex clinical presentations as well as emotional processing. Social support is an important protective factor of D-PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulei Geng
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yingxin Liang
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Nalan Zhan
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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Yang C, Wang J, Shao Y, Liu M, Geng F. Antisocial and borderline personality traits and childhood trauma in male prisoners: Mediating effects of difficulties in emotional regulation. Child Abuse Negl 2022; 132:105822. [PMID: 35944450 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2022.105822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the prevalence of probable antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) and borderline personality disorder (BPD) among prisoners, and further examine the mediating effect of difficulties in emotional regulation (ER) between childhood trauma and symptoms of ASPD and BPD. METHODS A total of 1491 male participants (35.4 ± 9.69 years) were recruited from a prison in Guangdong, China. The symptoms of ASPD and BPD, childhood trauma, difficulties in ER, and suicidal behaviors were measured by self-administered structured questionnaires. Logistic regressions were performed to investigate the associations of ASPD and BPD with suicidal behaviors. Path analysis was used to examine the mediating effects of difficulties in ER between childhood trauma and symptoms of ASPD and BPD. RESULT Approximately, 21.2 % and 11.2 % of the participants were screened as ASPD and BPD, respectively. Probable ASPD and BPD were associated with higher risk of suicidal behaviors. Childhood trauma and difficulties in ER were significantly associated with suicidal behaviors in prisoners with probable ASPD and BPD. Path analyses showed that partial mediating effects of difficulties in ER were significant in the dimensions of clarity and strategies on ASPD, and in the dimensions of clarity, impulse, and strategies on BPD. CONCLUSION ASPD and BPD are two of the common personality disorders in prisoners. Difficulties in ER are key to understanding the relationships between childhood trauma and personality disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxiao Yang
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuan Shao
- Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mingfan Liu
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Fulei Geng
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China.
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Zhang Y, Zhan N, Long M, Xie D, Geng F. Associations of childhood neglect, difficulties in emotion regulation, and psychological distresses to COVID-19 pandemic: An intergenerational analysis. Child Abuse Negl 2022; 129:105674. [PMID: 35609405 PMCID: PMC9110570 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2022.105674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although individuals' psychological responses to trauma are varied, significant associations between parental and offspring's reactions have been documented among trauma-exposed families. Common susceptible factors originated from intergenerational transmission may be underlying mechanisms of this phenomenon. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the intergenerational transmission of depression and anxiety during early outbreak of COVID-19 and further examined whether the transmission of child neglect and difficulties in emotion regulation (ER) was associated with the transmission of psychological distresses. METHODS Self-reported questionnaires of depression, anxiety, COVID-19 related worries, difficulties in ER, physical and emotional neglect suffered in childhood were completed by 2011 Chinese parent - offspring dyads. Path analysis was used to examine hypothesized relationships. RESULTS The proportions of physical neglect and emotional neglect were 31.2% and 16.9% respectively among parents, while 28.6% and 20.8% respectively among offspring. There were remarkably similar in response patterns between parents and offspring. Parents' COVID-19 related worries, depression and anxiety levels were significantly associated with offspring's COVID-19 related worries, depression and anxiety. Difficulties in ER not only impacted psychological distresses directly, but also mediated the relationships between childhood neglect and psychological distresses among both parents and offspring. Difficulties in ER and childhood neglect, as important risk factors, were modestly transmitted from parent to offspring. CONCLUSIONS Family members shared a certain degree of similarity in psychological reactions to trauma. Transmitted susceptible factors from parents to offspring may contribute to this similarity. Family therapy may be suitable for family members exposed to the same traumatic events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeqing Zhang
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Nalan Zhan
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Mengyuan Long
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Dongjie Xie
- Hangzhou College of Preschool Teacher Education, Zhejiang Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fulei Geng
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China.
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Wu B, Li F, Zhou L, Liu M, Geng F. Are mindful people less involved in online trolling? A moderated mediation model of perceived social media fatigue and moral disengagement. Aggress Behav 2022; 48:309-318. [PMID: 34897702 DOI: 10.1002/ab.22013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Online trolling is aggressive online behavior that has severe consequences for the mental health of internet users. Online trolling can be influenced by personal factors and psychological states. Based on the General Aggression Model, moral disengagement was examined as a moderator of the direct and indirect relations between mindfulness and online trolling via social media fatigue. A total of 1123 college students completed questionnaires regarding their experience with online trolling, mindfulness, social media fatigue, and moral disengagement. The results showed that individuals with high mindfulness were less likely to troll others online, which was mediated by their social media fatigue. Furthermore, moral disengagement moderated the indirect relationship between mindfulness and online trolling. Specifically, the relationship between mindfulness and social media fatigue became weaker for individuals with high moral disengagement. The relationship between social media fatigue and online trolling became strengthened for individuals with high moral disengagement. These findings elucidate the role of personal factors and the present internal state in online trolling and suggest that comprehensive intervention programs may be promising for reducing online trolling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biyun Wu
- Department of Psychology Jiangxi Normal University Nanchang China
| | - Fang Li
- School of Psychology Sichuan Normal University Chengdu China
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of Psychology Jiangxi Normal University Nanchang China
| | - Mingfan Liu
- Department of Psychology Jiangxi Normal University Nanchang China
- Center of Mental Health Education and Research Jiangxi Normal University Nanchang China
| | - Fulei Geng
- Department of Psychology Jiangxi Normal University Nanchang China
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14
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Zhan N, Zhang Y, Xie D, Geng F. The associations of parental COVID-19 related worries, lifestyles, and insomnia with child insomnia during the COVID-19 outbreak. J Sleep Res 2022; 31:e13590. [PMID: 35362217 PMCID: PMC9115149 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The impacts of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic on sleep health have been studied extensively. However, little is known about sleep problems within the family system during the pandemic. This study aimed to examine the influence of the COVID‐19 pandemic on insomnia in both adults and children, and to explore whether parental COVID‐19 related worries, lifestyles, and insomnia were associated with child insomnia. A total of 1355 parent–child dyads (39.2% fathers, mean age 38.37 years, SD = 5.34; 52.7% boys, mean age 12.47 years, SD = 1.67) were recruited from Jiangxi province in China from 4 to 18 February 2020. Data on insomnia, COVID‐19 related worries, physical activity, and screen time were collected using online questionnaires. Path analysis showed that COVID‐19 related worries and screen time were positively associated with insomnia in both parents and children; while children's physical activity was negatively related to children's insomnia. Parents' insomnia, COVID‐19 related worries, physical activity, and screen time were positively associated with children's insomnia, COVID‐19 related worries, physical activity, and screen time, respectively. Bootstrap tests showed that parents' worries were positively associated with children's insomnia via parents' insomnia and children's worries; parents' physical activity was negatively associated with children's insomnia via children's physical activity, parents' screen time was positively associated with children's insomnia via parents' insomnia and children's screen time. Both parental and child sleep are affected by the pandemic. Parental insomnia, stress reaction, and lifestyles contribute to child insomnia. Child sleep health may be maintained or improved by family bonds, home exercise, and sleep schedules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nalan Zhan
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yeqing Zhang
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Dongjie Xie
- Hangzhou College of Preschool Teacher Education, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Fulei Geng
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
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15
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Liu M, Wu B, Li F, Wang X, Geng F. Does mindfulness reduce trolling? The relationship between trait mindfulness and online trolling: The mediating role of anger rumination and the moderating role of online disinhibition. J Affect Disord 2022; 301:36-43. [PMID: 34999129 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Online trolling is a highly prevalent online antisocial behaviour that has recently received increasing attention because of its potentially destructive consequences. The current study aimed to examine whether trait mindfulness was negatively related to online trolling and whether anger rumination mediated this relationship. We further examined whether online disinhibition moderated the direct and indirect relation between trait mindfulness and online trolling. METHODS A total of 1303 Chinese college students completed the measurements of trait mindfulness, anger rumination, online disinhibition, and online trolling. Moderated mediation analysis was performed to examine the relationships between these variables. RESULTS After controlling for sex, the results showed that trait mindfulness was negatively related to online trolling and that this relationship was partially mediated by anger rumination. Moreover, the effect of anger rumination on online trolling was strengthened when online disinhibition was high. LIMITATIONS This study is a cross-sectional study, and causal inferences cannot be drawn. CONCLUSIONS Individuals with trait mindfulness are less likely to ruminate anger and further express less online trolling. Online disinhibition serves as a risk factor for online trolling. Interventions targeting trait mindfulness, anger rumination, and online disinhibition might aid prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingfan Liu
- Department of Psychology, Center of Mental Health Education and Research, Jiangxi Normal University, China
| | - Biyun Wu
- Department of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, China.
| | - Fang Li
- School of Psychology, Sichuan Normal University, China
| | - Xinqiang Wang
- Department of Psychology, Center of Mental Health Education and Research, Jiangxi Normal University, China
| | - Fulei Geng
- Department of Psychology, Center of Mental Health Education and Research, Jiangxi Normal University, China
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16
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Geng F, Lu H, Zhang Y, Zhan N, Zhang L, Liu M. Dissociative depression and its related clinical and psychological characteristics among Chinese prisoners: A latent class analysis. Curr Psychol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-02751-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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17
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Geng F, Li S, Yang Y, Zou J, Tu L, Wang J. Trauma exposure and posttraumatic stress disorder in a large community sample of Chinese adults. J Affect Disord 2021; 291:368-374. [PMID: 34089929 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.05.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigated the prevalence and related factors of trauma exposure and probable posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults from a Chinese community sample. METHODS Participants were 7218 adults recruited from Jiangxi and Hunan provinces in China. Life Events Checklist and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM-5 were used to screen lifetime trauma exposure and PTSD symptoms, respectively. Participants' adverse and positive childhood experiences, behavioral inhibition, depression, insomnia, psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) and ADHD symptoms were also measured. Multiple regressions were performed to examine the correlates of PTSD. RESULTS Approximately 67.1% of participants reported one traumatic event; 27.1% experienced four or more. Participants recruited from private school, male, young age, low socioeconomic status, and poor physical health were associated with more trauma-exposure. The prevalence of PTSD was 2.1% in the total sample and 3.1% among the trauma-exposed. Among participants with PTSD, 53.6% were screened as depression, 54.3% had insomnia, 65.6% had one to three PLEs, 12.6% had four to seven PLEs, and 26.5% were screened as likely ADHD, and 5.3% highly likely ADHD. Younger age, being less educated, poor marriage quality and physical health, more adverse childhood experiences, behavioral inhibition and less positive childhood experiences were associated with increased risk of PTSD among the trauma exposed. After adjustment of these related factors, depression, insomnia, PLEs and ADHD were related to PTSD. CONCLUSIONS PTSD is relatively prevalent among Chinese community population. Childhood experiences, behavioral inhibition, and concurrent mental health account for individual differences in vulnerability to PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulei Geng
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China.
| | - Shuhan Li
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yanling Yang
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jiaqi Zou
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Liangqi Tu
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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18
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Geng F, Tu L, Zhan N, Zhang Y, Wang J. Associations of substance abuse histories and gambling addiction history with post-traumatic stress symptoms and depressive symptoms among Chinese prisoners. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2021; 12:1906022. [PMID: 33968330 PMCID: PMC8075087 DOI: 10.1080/20008198.2021.1906022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Although there are over two million prisoners in China, few studies have reported the prevalence and correlates of mental health problems in this population. Objective: This study investigated the prevalence rates of trauma exposure, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression among Chinese male prisoners and further examined the associations of substance abuse histories and gambling addiction history with PTSD and depressive symptoms. Method: Participants were 1,484 male prisoners (mean age 35.44 years, sd = 9.66) recruited from a large prison in Guangdong, China. Self-administered standardized questionnaires were used to assess trauma exposure, histories of substance abuse and perceived gambling addiction, social supports, childhood trauma, PTSD and depression. Criminal background information was extracted from jail record. Linear regressions were performed to examine the correlates of PTSD and depressive symptoms. Results: Of these participants, 78.8% had experienced at least one trauma exposure, 26.7% had drug addiction, 85.5% had smoked cigarettes, 70.8% had used alcohol and 21.4% had gambling addiction before incarceration. The prevalence rates of PTSD and depression were 7.1% and 28.8%, respectively. Trauma exposure was significantly associated with PTSD and depressive symptoms, but not substance abuse histories and gambling history except for drinking. Histories of drinking and perceived gambling addiction were significantly related to PTSD and depressive symptoms after adjustment of demographics, criminal background, health status, social supports, childhood trauma and lifetime traumatic exposure. Conclusions: Trauma exposure, PTSD and depression are common among prisoners. Furthermore, this study for the first time demonstrates a significant relationship between gambling addiction history and PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulei Geng
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, P.R. China
| | - Liangqi Tu
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, P.R. China
| | - Nalan Zhan
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, P.R. China
| | - Yeqing Zhang
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, P.R. China
| | - Jian Wang
- Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, P.R. China
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19
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Geng F, Wang J, Wen C, Shao Y, Wu J, Fan F. Prevalence and correlates of sleep problems among Chinese prisoners. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2021; 56:671-678. [PMID: 32394006 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-020-01882-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and correlates of sleep problems in a large prison in China. METHODS A total of 1491 incarcerated male adults (35.44 ± 9.67 years, range 18-69) were assessed by a self-administered structured questionnaire. Sleep duration, insomnia, sleep quality, substance abuse history, gambling history, traumatic life events, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depressive symptoms were measured. Type of offense, history of incarceration, sentence length, and duration in prison were recorded. Multivariate logistic regression was used to examine correlated factors of sleep problems. RESULTS Overall, 17.4% (95% CI 15.6-19.5%) slept less than 6 h at night, 35.6% (95% CI 33.2-38.0%) slept 6-7 h, and 47.0% (95% CI 44.5-49.6%) slept 7 h or more. The prevalence rates were 26.2% (95% CI 24.0-28.5%) for insomnia and 45.9% (95% CI 43.4-48.4%) for poor sleep quality. Multiple models showed that older age, being divorced/widowed, poor physical health, long duration in prison, drug use before incarceration, PTSD and depression were associated with short sleep duration; while older age, poor physical health, PTSD, depression, and gambling before incarceration were associated with increased incidence of insomnia, and that being divorced/widowed, poor physical health, PTSD, depression, smoking before incarceration were related to poor sleep quality. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that sleep loss, insomnia, and poor sleep quality are common in prisoners, and that sleep problems are associated with multiple psychosocial factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulei Geng
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Ave, Nanchang, 330022, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Jian Wang
- Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chao Wen
- Shenzhen Women's Federation, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuan Shao
- Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jingguo Wu
- Department of General Practice, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang Fan
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
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20
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Geng F, Zou J, Liang Y, Zhan N, Li S, Wang J. Associations of positive and adverse childhood experiences and adulthood insomnia in a community sample of Chinese adults. Sleep Med 2021; 80:46-51. [PMID: 33550174 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2021.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Research has documented that adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with increased adult sleep disturbances, little is known about whether positive childhood experiences (PCEs) influence sleep health in adulthood. This study aimed to examine the associations of ACEs and PCEs with adulthood insomnia, as well as the extent to which PTSD and depressive symptoms mediated these associations. METHODS A sample of 7245 adults in China (male 32.7%; mean age 38.09 years, SD = 7.84, range from 18 to 81) completed self-report questionnaires to assess ACEs, PCEs, PTSD and depressive symptoms. Multiple linear regressions were used to examine the independent and interaction effects of ACEs and PCEs on insomnia. Path analyses were performed to examine the direct and indirect effects of ACEs and PCEs on insomnia. RESULTS After adjustment of demographics, ACEs (β = 0.11, p < 0.001) and PCEs (β = -0.09, p < 0.001) were both independently associated with adulthood insomnia, while the relationship between PCEs and insomnia was weakened but still significant among participants with high levels of ACEs. After controlling for demographics, PTSD and depressive symptoms partially mediated the overall effect of PCEs on insomnia, and fully mediated the relationship between ACEs and insomnia. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate that both positive and adverse childhood experiences influence adulthood insomnia. The findings highlight the importance of joint assessment of PCEs and ACEs to prevent and intervene insomnia. Optimizing the early childhood environment may help to foster healthy sleep throughout the life course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulei Geng
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China.
| | - Jiaqi Zou
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yingxin Liang
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Nalan Zhan
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Shuhan Li
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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21
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have indicated that positive childhood experiences (PCEs) might have important protective effects on adulthood mental health. However, the instruments to assess PCEs are scarce. OBJECTIVE In this study, we assessed the validity and reliability of the Benevolent Childhood Experiences (BCEs) scale, a new instrument of PCEs, in a large sample of Chinese adults. Furthermore, we examined associations of PCEs with symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression, as well as, prosocial behaviours across different levels of trauma. METHOD Participants were 6929 adults (33% male; mean age 38.04 years, SD = 7.81, ranging from 18 to 81.) recruited from Jiangxi and Hunan provinces in China. Self-administrated questionnaires were used to measure PCEs, childhood trauma, lifetime trauma, PTSD, depression, and prosocial behaviours. Multiple linear regression models were conducted to examine the interdependent and interactive effects of PCEs, lifetime trauma, childhood trauma on symptoms of PTSD and depression and prosocial behaviours. RESULTS In the current sample, the Cronbach's α of the BCEs scale was 0.70. PCEs were not related to lifetime trauma, while modestly associated with childhood trauma, demonstrating excellent discriminant validity. PCEs were negatively correlated with severity of PTSD and depression, while positively correlated with prosocial behaviours, indicating good predictive validity. PCEs, lifetime trauma and childhood trauma were independently associated with severity of PTSD and depression and prosocial behaviours. Moreover, the interaction of PCEs and lifetime trauma negatively predicted severity of PTSD and depression, while the interaction of PCEs and childhood trauma negatively predicted prosocial behaviours. PCEs had a protective effect on PTSD and depression in high level of lifetime trauma, and showed a reduced positive effect on prosocial behaviours in high level of childhood trauma. CONCLUSIONS The Chinese BCEs scale is a reliable and valid instrument. PCEs can buffer adversity and foster positive outcomes in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nalan Zhan
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, P.R.China
| | - Dongjie Xie
- Hangzhou College of Preschool Teacher Education, Zhejiang Normal University, Hangzhou, P.R.China
| | - Jiaqi Zou
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, P.R.China
| | - Jian Wang
- Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, P.R.China
| | - Fulei Geng
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, P.R.China
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22
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Chen D, Jiang M, Shi X, Geng F, Qi H, Zhang Y, Lai Y, Fan F. Predictors of the initiation of shift work disorder among Chinese intern nurses: a prospective study. Sleep Med 2020; 68:199-206. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2019.11.1263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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23
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Li Y, Shi X, McReynolds LS, Tang H, Chen H, Wang T, Zhang Y, Geng F, Fan F, Hoven CW. Depressive symptoms between parent and adolescent survivors: A longitudinal actor-partner interdependence model. J Affect Disord 2020; 265:139-145. [PMID: 32090735 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between parent-child depression following disasters has been well documented. However, longitudinal studies of posttraumatic depression using parent-child dyadic are scarce. This study aimed to investigate inter-related effects between parent and child depression, as well as predictors of depressive symptoms, in a large sample of Wenchuan earthquake survivors. METHODS Data are from the Wenchuan Earthquake Adolescent Health Cohort (WEAHC) Study that included 685 parent-child dyads exposed to the earthquake. Depression was assessed with the Self-Rating Depression Scale (for parents) and Depression Self-Rating Scale for Children, at 12 (T12m) and 18 months (T18m) post-earthquake. Longitudinal actor-partner interdependence models (APIMs) were employed to examine depression within dyads. Predictors of depressive symptoms were assessed by the cart algorithm throughout the 6-month follow-up. RESULTS Adjusting for earthquake exposure and previous depressive symptoms, parents' depression at 12 months predicted children's depressive symptoms at 18 months, and vice versa (β = 0.14 for parents and β = 0.12 for children). Psychomotor retardation in parents, and dysphoria/social isolation and positive affect in children were identified as crucial screening indicators identifying parents and children at increased risk for depression. CONCLUSION A bidirectional association was found between parent and child depression following a mass disaster. Both parent and child depression status should be examined when implementing interventions to identify and treat depression in earthquake survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Li
- School of Psychology, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, and Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science of Guangdong Province, South China Normal University, Shipai Road, Guangdong 510631, China
| | - Xuliang Shi
- College of education, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Larkin S McReynolds
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - Huilan Tang
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - Huilin Chen
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, Somerset, UK
| | - Tong Wang
- School of Psychology, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, and Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science of Guangdong Province, South China Normal University, Shipai Road, Guangdong 510631, China
| | - Yuechu Zhang
- School of Psychology, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, and Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science of Guangdong Province, South China Normal University, Shipai Road, Guangdong 510631, China
| | - Fulei Geng
- School of Psychology, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, and Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science of Guangdong Province, South China Normal University, Shipai Road, Guangdong 510631, China
| | - Fang Fan
- School of Psychology, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, and Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science of Guangdong Province, South China Normal University, Shipai Road, Guangdong 510631, China.
| | - C W Hoven
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University, New York, USA
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Geng F, Liang Y, Li Y, Fang Y, Pham TS, Liu X, Fan F. Bidirectional associations between insomnia, posttraumatic stress disorder, and depressive symptoms among adolescent earthquake survivors: a longitudinal multiwave cohort study. Sleep 2019; 42:5536745. [DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsz162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Study Objectives
To assess insomnia symptoms in adolescents with probable posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and to determine whether there are longitudinal and reciprocal associations between insomnia, PTSD, and depressive symptoms.
Methods
Participants were 1,492 adolescent survivors who had been exposed to the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China. Insomnia, PTSD, and depressive symptoms were measured at 12 months (T1, n = 1407), 18 months (T2, n = 1335), and 24 months (T3, n = 1361) postearthquake by self-report questionnaires. Generalized estimating equation (GEE) models were used to examine the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of insomnia with PTSD and depression.
Results
Insomnia, PTSD, and depressive symptoms were common among adolescent survivors. Among participants with probable PTSD, approximately 47% (48.5%, T1; 48.1%, T2; and 44.2%, T3) reported difficulty falling asleep or difficulty maintaining sleep. Cross-sectional analyses showed that insomnia co-occurred with PTSD (odds ratio [OR] = 2.04) and depressive symptoms (OR = 2.10). Longitudinal analyses revealed that probable PTSD (OR = 1.50) and depression (OR = 1.42) predicted the incidence of insomnia; in turn, insomnia predicted the incidence of depression (OR = 1.65) over time. Furthermore, PTSD predicted (OR = 3.11) and was predicted (OR = 3.25) by depressive symptoms.
Conclusions
There is a bidirectional relationship between insomnia, PTSD, and depressive symptoms. This suggests that insomnia, PTSD, and depression are intertwined over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulei Geng
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science of Guangdong Province, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingxin Liang
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science of Guangdong Province, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Fang
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science of Guangdong Province, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tien Sy Pham
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Social Work, Hue University of Sciences, Hue, Thua Thien Hue, Vietnam
| | - Xianchen Liu
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN
| | - Fang Fan
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science of Guangdong Province, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
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Geng F, Liu X, Liang Y, Shi X, Chen S, Fan F. Prospective associations between sleep problems and subtypes of anxiety symptoms among disaster-exposed adolescents. Sleep Med 2018; 50:7-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2018.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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26
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Geng F, Liang Y, Shi X, Fan F. A Prospective Study of Psychiatric Symptoms Among Adolescents After the Wenchuan Earthquake. J Trauma Stress 2018; 31:499-508. [PMID: 30084507 DOI: 10.1002/jts.22307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Revised: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Natural disaster exposure is associated with increased risk of mental health problems. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence, course, and risk factors of probable psychiatric disorders among 1,573 adolescents following the May 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China. Symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, panic disorder (PD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), separation anxiety disorder (SAD), social phobia (SP), conduct disorder (CD), and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) were assessed at 6 and 18 months postearthquake using a battery of standardized measures. Approximately 62.9% and 56.1% of the sample, respectively, had at least one probable psychiatric disorder at 6 and 18 months postearthquake. The most common disorders were PTSD, depression, PD, GAD, and ADHD. With regard to the course of disorders, PTSD, GAD, PD, SAD. and ADHD decreased; SP and CD remained stable; and depression increased. Generalized estimating equations models showed that female sex, older age, having experienced the death or injury of family members, being a direct witness of tragic scenes, low social support, and a high level of negative life events were risk factors for most disorders, odds ratios (ORs) = 1.3-20.8. However, logistic regressions indicated that earthquake exposure variables were specifically related to persistent PTSD, ORs = 2.0-2.5, and negative life events were associated with persistent depression, ORs = 2.4-5.3. Various psychiatric symptoms are pervasive, intense, and persistent among adolescent survivors. Systematic and periodic screening are needed to closely monitor the onset, course, and risk factors of mental health problems after disasters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulei Geng
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science of Guangdong Province, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingxin Liang
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science of Guangdong Province, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuliang Shi
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science of Guangdong Province, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Fan
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science of Guangdong Province, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
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Geng F, Zhou Y, Liang Y, Fan F. A Longitudinal Study of Recurrent Experience of Earthquake and Mental Health Problems Among Chinese Adolescents. Front Psychol 2018; 9:1259. [PMID: 30079047 PMCID: PMC6062966 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The effects of recurrent exposure to disasters on adolescents’ mental health have rarely been studied. We examined the effects of two earthquake experiences 5 years apart in a longitudinal cohort of Chinese adolescents. Methods: A total of 858 adolescents were assessed in September, 2011 (3.5 years after the Wenchuan earthquake, 1.5 years before Ya’an earthquake, T1) and April, 2013 (1 week after the Ya’an earthquake, T2). Participants’ Wenchuan earthquake experiences and symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression were assessed at T1, and their Ya’an earthquake experiences, Acute Stress Disorder (ASD), PTSD, and depression were assessed at T2. Results: Structural equation models showed a positive relationship between Ya’an earthquake experiences and symptoms of ASD, PTSD, and depression at T2. T1 PTSD symptoms significantly increased T2 ASD, PTSD, and depression symptoms, and also mediated the relationships between Wenchuan earthquake experiences and T2 ASD, PTSD, and depression symptoms. T1 Depression symptoms also significantly increased T2 ASD, PTSD, and depression symptoms, but only mediated the association between Wenchuan earthquake experiences and T2 depression symptoms. In addition, Wenchuan earthquake experiences moderated the effects of Ya’an earthquake experiences on ASD symptoms and PTSD symptoms but not depression. Conclusion: Repeated to exposure to disasters have adverse additive effects on adolescents’ mental health. Adolescents who experience one disaster may be sensitive to the negative impact of subsequent ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulei Geng
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.,Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science of Guangdong Province, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ya Zhou
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.,Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science of Guangdong Province, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingxin Liang
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.,Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science of Guangdong Province, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang Fan
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.,Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science of Guangdong Province, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
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Shi X, Zhou Y, Geng F, Li Y, Zhou J, Lei B, Chen S, Chen X, Fan F. Posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms in parents and adolescents after the Wenchuan earthquake: A longitudinal actor-partner interdependence model. J Affect Disord 2018; 226:301-306. [PMID: 29028591 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2017.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research has examined the association between parents' and children's posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms (PTSS) after a variety of traumatic events. However, longitudinal parent-child dyadic studies are scarce. METHODS Independent self-reports were collected from parent-adolescent dyads (n = 688) after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. Adolescents (Mean = 15.22 years; 61.63% female) and one of their parents (Mean = 41.04 years; 58.14% female) each reported on their PTSS at 12 (T12m) and 18 months (T18m) following the earthquake. Longitudinal actor-partner interdependence models (APIMs) were used to examine PTSS within dyads. RESULTS The prevalence rates of probable PTSD at T12m and T18m were 18.90% and 11.92% in adolescents; as well as 22.09% and 15.12% in parents, showing a significant decline over time. After adjusted for earthquake exposure, both maternal and paternal PTSS at T12m prospectively predicted adolescent girls' and boys' PTSS at T18m (mother to daughter: β = 0.13; mother to son: β = 0.17; father to daughter: β = 0.17; father to son: β = 0.33), while adolescent girls' and boys' PTSS at T12m only predicted maternal PTSS at T18m (daughter to mother: β = 0.20; son to mother: β = 0.20), but not paternal PTSS at T18m. LIMITATIONS Self-reported measures other than clinical reviews were used to collect data. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the mutual impacts of adolescent and parental (especially maternal) PTSS after a disaster. Psychological prevention and intervention for adolescent disaster survivors should adopt a whole family approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuliang Shi
- School of Psychology and Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ya Zhou
- School of Psychology and Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fulei Geng
- School of Psychology and Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- School of Psychology and Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jieying Zhou
- School of Psychology and Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Binbin Lei
- School of Psychology and Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siyi Chen
- School of Psychology and Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Chen
- School of Psychology and Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang Fan
- School of Psychology and Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China.
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Chan RCK, Xie W, Geng FL, Wang Y, Lui SSY, Wang CY, Yu X, Cheung EFC, Rosenthal R. Clinical Utility and Lifespan Profiling of Neurological Soft Signs in Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders. Schizophr Bull 2016; 42:560-70. [PMID: 26712863 PMCID: PMC4838107 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbv196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Neurological soft signs (NSSs) bear the promise for early detection of schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Nonetheless, the sensitivity and specificity of NSSs in the psychosis continuum remains a topic of controversy. It is also unknown how NSSs reveal neurodevelopmental abnormality in schizophrenia. We investigated the effect sizes of NSSs in differentiating individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorders from individuals with other psychiatric conditions and from covariate-matched healthy subjects. We also investigated the partitioned age-related variations of NSSs in both schizophrenia and healthy individuals. NSSs were assessed by the abridged version of the Cambridge Neurological Inventory (CNI) in 3105 participants, consisting of healthy individuals (n=1577), unaffected first-degree relatives of schizophrenia patients (n= 155), individuals with schizotypal personality disorder (n= 256), schizophrenia patients (n= 738), and other psychiatric patients (n= 379). Exact matching and propensity score matching procedures were performed to control for covariates. Multiple regression was used to partition age-related variations. Individuals along the schizophrenia continuum showed elevated levels of NSSs, with moderate effect sizes, in contrast to other psychiatric patients who had minimal NSSs, as well as matched healthy controls. Furthermore, the age-and-NSS relationship in schizophrenia patients was represented by a flat but overall elevated pattern, in contrast to a U-shaped pattern in healthy individuals. In sum, NSSs capture a moderate portion of psychosis proneness with reasonable specificity. Lifespan profiling reveals an abnormal developmental trajectory of NSSs in schizophrenia patients, which supports the endophenotype hypothesis of NSSs by associating it with the neurodevelopmental model of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond C. K. Chan
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China,,*To whom correspondence should be addressed; tel: 86-10-64836274, fax: 86-10-64836274, e-mail:
| | - Weizhen Xie
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Fu-lei Geng
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China,,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ya Wang
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Simon S. Y. Lui
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China,,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China,,Castle Peak Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Chuan-yue Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,,Centre of Schizophrenia, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders (Capital Medical University), Ministry of Science and Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Yu
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing, China,,Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China,,Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Eric F. C. Cheung
- Castle Peak Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Robert Rosenthal
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
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Shi X, Yu NX, Zhou Y, Geng F, Fan F. Depressive Symptoms and Associated Psychosocial Factors among Adolescent Survivors 30 Months after 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake: A Follow-Up Study. Front Psychol 2016; 7:467. [PMID: 27065931 PMCID: PMC4811865 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: This study longitudinally investigated the changes of depressive symptoms among adolescent survivors over 2 years and a half after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China, as well as the predictive effects of demographic characteristics, earthquake exposure, negative life events, social support, and dispositional resilience on the risk of depressive symptoms at two time points after the earthquake. Methods: Participants were 1573 adolescent survivors (720 males and 853 females, mean age at initial survey = 15.00 ± 1.26 years), whose depressive symptoms were assessed at 6 months (T6m) and 30 months (T30m) post-earthquake. Data on demographics, earthquake exposure, and dispositional resilience were collected at T6m. Negative life events and social support were measured at T6m and 24 months (T24m) post-earthquake. Results: The prevalence rates of probable depression, 27.5 at T6m and 27.2% at T30m, maintained relatively stable over time. Female gender was related with higher risk of depressive symptoms at both T6m and T30m, while being only child could only predict higher risk of depressive symptoms at T30m. Negative life events and social support at T6m, as well as earthquake exposure, were concurrently associated with increased risk of depressive symptoms at T6m, but not associated with the risk of depressive symptoms at T30m, while negative life events and social support at T24m could predict depressive symptoms at T30m, all of which suggested that these variables may have strong but short-term effect on adolescents’ depressive symptoms post-earthquake. Besides, dispositional resilience was evidenced as a relatively stable negative predictor for depressive symptoms. Conclusions: These findings could inform mental health professionals regarding how to screen adolescent survivors at high risk for depression, so as to provide them with timely and appropriate mental health services based on the identified risk and protective factors for depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuliang Shi
- School of Psychology, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, and Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science of Guangdong Province, South China Normal University Hong Kong, China
| | - Nancy X Yu
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, City University of Hong Kong Hong Kong, China
| | - Ya Zhou
- School of Psychology, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, and Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science of Guangdong Province, South China Normal University Hong Kong, China
| | - Fulei Geng
- School of Psychology, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, and Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science of Guangdong Province, South China Normal University Hong Kong, China
| | - Fang Fan
- School of Psychology, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, and Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science of Guangdong Province, South China Normal University Hong Kong, China
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Zou LQ, Geng FL, Liu WH, Wei XH, Jiang XQ, Wang Y, Shi HS, Lui SSY, Cheung EFC, Chan RCK. The neural basis of olfactory function and its relationship with anhedonia in individuals with schizotypy: An exploratory study. Psychiatry Res 2015; 234:202-7. [PMID: 26404551 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2015.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have established a linkage between olfactory deficits and negative symptoms in schizophrenia. However, it is not known whether olfactory function is associated with hedonic traits in individuals with schizotypy. Seventeen individuals with schizotypy and 18 age- and sex-matched controls participated in this study. Hedonic traits were assessed with the Chapman Scales for Physical and Social Anhedonia (CSAS and CPAS). Olfactory function was assessed with the Sniffin' Stick Test (olfactory threshold, odour discrimination and odour identification). All participants undertook a structural imaging scan for grey matter volume measurements. Individuals with schizotypy had significantly higher CSAS and CPAS scores than healthy controls. They had normal olfactory function. Their odour identification ability was inversely correlated with physical and social anhedonia. The volume of the right parahippocampal gyrus was positively associated with odour identification ability, and negatively associated with physical and social anhedonia. Furthermore, mediation analysis suggested that odour identification ability influences anhedonia through its effect on the right parahippocampal gyrus. No such relationship was found in controls. These findings suggest that there is a relationship between odour identification and anhedonia in individuals with schizotypy, and the association may be mediated by parahippocampal gyrus volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lai-quan Zou
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fu-lei Geng
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-hua Liu
- Faculty of Health Management, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin-hua Wei
- Department of Radiology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin-qing Jiang
- Department of Radiology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hai-song Shi
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China
| | - Simon S Y Lui
- Castle Peak Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Eric F C Cheung
- Castle Peak Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Raymond C K Chan
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Chan RCK, Shi HS, Geng FL, Liu WH, Yan C, Wang Y, Gooding DC. The Chapman psychosis-proneness scales: Consistency across culture and time. Psychiatry Res 2015; 228:143-9. [PMID: 25962355 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2015.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to examine the factor structure and the temporal stability of the Chapman psychosis-proneness scales in a representative sample of nonclinical Chinese young adults. The four psychosis-proneness scales evaluated were the Perceptual Aberration (PAS), Magical Ideation (MIS), revised Social Anhedonia (RSAS), and revised Physical Anhedonia (RPAS) scales. The sample consisted of 1724 young adults with a mean age of 18.8 years (S.D. = 0.84). The results of the confirmatory factor analyses indicated that the best fitting model was a two-factor model with positive schizotypy (PER and MIS) scales and negative schizotypy (RSAS and RPAS) scales. The data add to the growing literature indicating that the measurement of schizotypal traits is consistent across cultures. In addition, the results support the measurement invariance of the Chapman psychosis-proneness scales across time, i.e., there was ample evidence of test-retest reliability over a test interval of 6 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond C K Chan
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Hai-song Shi
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; The University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fu-lei Geng
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; The University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-hua Liu
- Faculty of Health Management, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chao Yan
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (MOE and STCSM), School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Diane C Gooding
- Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA.
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Geng FL, Xu T, Wang Y, Shi HS, Yan C, Neumann DL, Shum DHK, Lui SSY, Cheung EFC, Chan RCK. Developmental trajectories of schizotypal personality disorder-like behavioural manifestations: a two-year longitudinal prospective study of college students. BMC Psychiatry 2013; 13:323. [PMID: 24289659 PMCID: PMC3875349 DOI: 10.1186/1471-244x-13-323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous evidence has shown that schizotypal personality disorder (SPD) is part of the schizophrenia spectrum. Few studies have examined latent classes in the developmental trajectories of SPD features over time in individuals with SPD features. METHODS We adopted a longitudinal prospective study design to follow up a cohort of 660 college students during a two-year period. Participants' SPD-like symptoms and psychosocial function were measured by a comprehensive set of questionnaires that covered SPD features and cognitive, emotional, and psychosocial functions. Latent class growth analysis was used to examine the trajectory classes. RESULTS Three trajectory classes were identified: a low, a medium, and a high SPD features group. Participants in the low group reported few SPD features and their symptoms declined over time. The medium group students had more SPD features than the low group and these symptoms stabilized during the follow up period. Participants in the high group reported the most SPD features and their symptoms increased over time. The three groups differed in paranoid thoughts, psychological distress, neurocognition function, and emotional expression over time. Results of multivariate regression analysis suggested that paranoid thoughts, emotional experience and prospective memory were predictors of social functioning in the high SPD feature group. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that individuals with SPD features may be delineated into different developmental subgroups and these subgroups differ significantly in psychosocial function. Delusions, emotion, and prospective memory may be important features to consider in early diagnosis and interventions for individuals predisposed to SPD and schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-lei Geng
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 16 Lincui Road, 100101, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Xu
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 16 Lincui Road, 100101, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Laboratory for Functional Connectome and Development, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 16 Lincui Road, 100101, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hai-song Shi
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 16 Lincui Road, 100101, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Yan
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 16 Lincui Road, 100101, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
- School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - David L Neumann
- Behavioural Basis of Health Research Program, Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - David HK Shum
- Behavioural Basis of Health Research Program, Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Simon SY Lui
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 16 Lincui Road, 100101, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Castle Peak Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China
| | - Eric FC Cheung
- Castle Peak Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China
| | - Raymond CK Chan
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 16 Lincui Road, 100101, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
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Geng F, Fan F, Mo L, Simandl I, Liu X. Sleep problems among adolescent survivors following the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China: a cohort study. J Clin Psychiatry 2013; 74:67-74. [PMID: 23419228 DOI: 10.4088/jcp.12m07872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2012] [Accepted: 11/16/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine sleep problems and associated risk factors among adolescent survivors following the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, the deadliest earthquake to strike China in 30 years. METHOD A cohort of students (N = 1,573) in the 7th and 10th grades from Dujiangyan City, 21 kilometers from the epicenter, was followed up periodically for 2 years. Participants were assessed at 12 months (n = 1,398; May 18-22, 2009), 18 months (n = 1,288; November 23-27, 2009), 24 months (n = 1,313; May 17-21, 2010), and 30 months (n = 1,038; November 22-26, 2010) after the earthquake. Adolescents were asked to complete the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI; cutoff for sleep problems: total score of ≥ 8), Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Self-Rating Scale (cutoff for probable posttraumatic stress disorder: ≥ 50), Depression Self-Rating Scale for Children (cutoff for depressive disorder: ≥ 15), Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (cutoff for clinical anxiety: ≥ 25), Social Support Rate Scale, and Adolescent Self-Rating Life Events Checklist and provide demographic information. Trajectory analysis was used to examine sleep disturbance changes and associated risk factors. RESULTS Twelve months after the earthquake, 48.90% of participants reported sleeping less than 7 hours per night, 27.68% disclosed difficulties initiating sleep, 8.82% experienced problems staying sleep, 22.60% felt their sleep quality was poor, and 40.01% had difficulties functioning during daytime hours. Overall sleep problems, as assessed by the PSQI global scale, were stable from 18 months to 30 months following the earthquake, and the prevalence rates were between 28.79% and 30.18%. The risk of sleep issues was significantly increased in senior high school students (OR = 2.29) and in those who witnessed the tragic events directly (OR = 1.21). Depression (OR = 1.69), anxiety (OR = 1.57), poor social support (OR = 1.83), and negative life events (OR = 2.62) were also associated with increased risk and persistence of sleep problems. CONCLUSIONS Sleep disturbances are common and persistent in adolescent earthquake survivors. Multiple demographic, psychosocial, and earthquake-related factors are associated with the increased risk of sleep difficulties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulei Geng
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
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