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Baroncelli GI, Carlucci G, Freri E, Giuca MR, Guarnieri V, Navarra G, Toschi B, Mora S. The diagnosis of hypophosphatasia in children as a multidisciplinary effort: an expert opinion. J Endocrinol Invest 2024; 47:739-747. [PMID: 37752373 PMCID: PMC10904512 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-023-02199-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Hypophosphatasia (HPP) is a rare genetic disorder in which pathogenic variants of the ALPL gene lead to a marked decrease of tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase (TNSALP) activity. Although HPP is a systemic disorder, its clinical manifestations are more evident on bones, teeth, muscle and central nervous system. The clinical spectrum ranges from severe forms with extreme skeletal deformities, respiratory impairment, seizures, to very mild forms with onset in late adulthood and few clinical signs. The diagnosis can be suspected by measurement of TNSALP activity, but the insufficient awareness among health professionals and the lack of official guidelines are responsible for delayed diagnosis in children with HPP. The purpose of the current document is to provide an expert opinion directed at optimizing the diagnostic pathway of pediatric HPP. From April to December 2022, a multidisciplinary working group of 6 experts including two pediatric endocrinologists, a pediatric neurologist, a pediatric odontologist, a clinical geneticist, and a molecular biologist gathered in a series of periodic meetings to discuss the main issues related to the diagnosis of HPP in children and formalize an Expert Opinion statement. The experts agreed on a diagnostic trail that begins with the recognition of specific clinical signs, leading to biochemical analyses of TNSALP activity and vitamin B6 serum concentration. Very important are the neurological and dental manifestation of the disease that should be thoroughly investigated. The evaluation of TNSALP activity must consider sex and age variability and low activity must be persistent. Repeated blood measurements are thus necessary. The molecular analysis is then mandatory to confirm the diagnosis and for genetic counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- G I Baroncelli
- Pediatric and Adolescent Endocrinology, Division of Pediatrics, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Pediatrics, University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | - G Carlucci
- OPT S.P.A., Soluzioni Per Il Mondo Healthcare, Milan, Italy
| | - E Freri
- Department of Pediatric Neuroscience, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - M R Giuca
- Unit of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Surgical Medical Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, Dental and Oral Surgery Clinic, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - V Guarnieri
- Division of Medical Genetics, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Foggia, Italy
| | - G Navarra
- OPT S.P.A., Soluzioni Per Il Mondo Healthcare, Milan, Italy
| | - B Toschi
- Section of Medical Genetics, Department of Medical and Oncological Area, University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | - S Mora
- Laboratory of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy.
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Bologna M, Blasi MA, Carlucci G, Biordi L, Biordi N, Balestrazzi E. Imipenem Reaches Therapeutic Concentrations in Aqueous Humor, as Determined by Hplc. Eur J Ophthalmol 2018; 3:26-30. [PMID: 8485395 DOI: 10.1177/112067219300300105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The majority of ocular infections in the industrialized countries arise after surgical interventions. An appropriate antibacterial prophylaxis is therefore highly desirable in eye surgery. We used high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to measure the concentrations reached by imipenem, a modern wide-spectrum beta-lactam antibiotic, in plasma and aqueous humor of 26 patients scheduled for cataract surgery. Even a single 500 mg dose of imipenem achieved therapeutic levels of the molecule for the most common ophthalmic pathogens (1μg/ml or above) in the aqueous humor within one to two hours after administration. This drug may therefore be suitable for antibacterial prophylaxis in eye surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bologna
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of L'Aquila, Italy
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Anacardio R, Bartolini S, Gentile MM, Bagnasco M, Carlucci G. HPLC Investigated Physicochemical Compatibility between Artrosilene® Injectable Solution and other Pharmaceutical Products Frequently Used for Combined Therapy into Elastomeric Baxter LV5 Infusion Devices. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2016; 18:791-8. [PMID: 16388729 DOI: 10.1177/039463200501800423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ketoprofen lysine salt (Artrosilene®, injectable solution) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent frequently administered by slow intravenous infusion with portable elastomeric infusion systems in association regimen with other analgesic drugs. The aim of this study was to investigate the physicochemical compatibility between ketoprofen lysine salt (Artrosilene®, injectable solution) and other injectable drugs frequently used in association, such as tramadol hydrochloride, keterolac tromethamine and morphine hydrochloride, into the Infusor LV5, Baxter elastomeric infusion system. Physicochemical properties of drug mixture, including colour, clarity, pH and drug content were observed or measured by a reversed-phase HPLC method with UV detection, before and after (up to 7 days) mixing at room temperature and under light protection. The results obtained demonstrated the physicochemical compatibility of ketoprofen lysine salt (Artrosilene®, injectable solution) with all drug formulations at every tested mixing ratios into Baxer Infusor LV5 infusion devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Anacardio
- Dompé Research and Development, Pharmaceutical Development Department, Dompé SpA, L'Aquila, Italy
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Carlucci G, Kuipers A, Ananias HJK, de Paula Faria D, Dierckx RAJO, Helfrich W, Rink R, Moll GN, de Jong IJ, Elsinga PH. GRPR-selective PET imaging of prostate cancer using [(18)F]-lanthionine-bombesin analogs. Peptides 2015; 67:45-54. [PMID: 25797109 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2015.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Revised: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR) is overexpressed in a variety of human malignancies, including prostate cancer. Bombesin (BBN) is a 14 amino acids peptide that selectively binds to GRPR. In this study, we developed two novel Al(18)F-labeled lanthionine-stabilized BBN analogs, designated Al(18)F-NOTA-4,7-lanthionine-BBN and Al(18)F-NOTA-2,6-lanthionine-BBN, for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of GRPR expression using xenograft prostate cancer models. (Methyl)lanthionine-stabilized 4,7-lanthionine-BBN and 2,6-lanthionine-BBN analogs were conjugated with a NOTA chelator and radiolabeled with Al(18)F using the aluminum fluoride strategy. Al(18)F-NOTA-4,7-lanthionine-BBN and Al(18)F-NOTA-2,6-lanthionine-BBN was labeled with Al(18)F with good radiochemical yield and specific activity>30 GBq/μmol for both radiotracers. The logD values measured for Al(18)F-NOTA-4,7-lanthionine-BBN and Al(18)F-NOTA-2,6-lanthionine-BBN were -2.14 ± 0.14 and -2.34 ± 0.15, respectively. In athymic nude PC-3 xenografts, at 120 min post injection (p.i.), the uptake of Al(18)F-NOTA-4,7-lanthionine-BBN and Al(18)F-NOTA-2,6-lanthionine-BBN in prostate cancer (PC-3) mouse models was 0.82 ± 0.23% ID/g and 1.40 ± 0.81% ID/g, respectively. An excess of unlabeled ɛ-aminocaproic acid-BBN(7-14) (300-fold) was co-injected to assess GRPR binding specificity. Tumor uptake of Al(18)F-NOTA-4,7-lanthionine-BBN and Al(18)F-NOTA-2,6-lanthionine-BBN in PC-3 tumors was evaluated by microPET (μPET) imaging at 30, 60 and 120 min p.i. Blocking studies showed decreased uptake in PC-3 bearing mice. Stabilized 4,7-lanthionine-BBN and 2,6-lanthionine-BBN peptides were rapidly and successfully labeled with (18)F. Both tracers may have potential for GRPR-positive tumor imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Carlucci
- Department of Urology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - A Kuipers
- Lanthio Pharma, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - H J K Ananias
- Department of Urology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - D de Paula Faria
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - R A J O Dierckx
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - W Helfrich
- Surgical Research Laboratory, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - R Rink
- Lanthio Pharma, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - G N Moll
- Lanthio Pharma, Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - I J de Jong
- Department of Urology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - P H Elsinga
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Fontecchio G, Carlucci G, Colafarina S, Poma A. Besides the HLA loci: SNPs and non-HLA gene products as immunoregulatory factors in the onset of psoriatic arthritis subtypes. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2013; 27:909-912. [PMID: 24152856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is described as a multifactorial autoimmune rheumatic disease although its development is surely linked to some specific HLA genes (especially the HLA-Cw*06:02 allele). To date, its complex immunopathogenetic mechanism is not well clarified. Actually, increasing evidence suggest that qualitative and quantitative interplays between some PsA-susceptibility HLA alleles and other genetic, regulatory and environmental factors, may develop distinct subphenotypes of PsA. We first provide a brief summary of current knowledge about the various PsA conditions. Then, we consider the reasons why further analysis of the clinical course of patients affected by distinct PsA subsets, and who receive different therapeutic treatments, should be carried out in conjunction with deeper investigations about the identification of key genes and immunoregulatory agents by applying the most recent advances in biotechnology. This approach could better explain the molecular mechanisms responsible for both the onset and progression of this multi-faceted pathology with the purpose of significantly improving the management of PsA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Fontecchio
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences (MESVA), University of LAquila, LAquila, Italy
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Carlucci G, Ananias HJK, Yu Z, Hoving HD, Helfrich W, Dierckx RAJO, Liu S, de Jong IJ, Elsinga PH. Preclinical evaluation of a novel ¹¹¹In-labeled bombesin homodimer for improved imaging of GRPR-positive prostate cancer. Mol Pharm 2013; 10:1716-24. [PMID: 23590837 DOI: 10.1021/mp3005462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Rational-designed multimerization of targeting ligands can be used to improve kinetic and thermodynamic properties. Multimeric targeting ligands may be produced by tethering multiple identical or two or more monomeric ligands of different binding specificities. Consequently, multimeric ligands may simultaneously bind to multiple receptor molecules. Previously, multimerization has been successfully applied on radiolabeled RGD peptides, which resulted in an improved tumor targeting activity in animal models. Multimerization of peptide-based ligands may improve the binding characteristics by increasing local ligand concentration and by improving dissociation kinetics. Here, we present a preclinical study on a novel radiolabeled bombesin (BN) homodimer, designated (111)In-DOTA-[(Aca-BN(7-14)]2, that was designed for enhanced targeting of gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR)-positive prostate cancer cells. A BN homodimer was conjugated with DOTA-NHS and labeled with (111)In. After HPLC purification, the GRPR targeting ability of (111)In-DOTA-[Aca-BN(7-14)]2 was assessed by microSPECT imaging in SCID mice xenografted with the human prostate cancer cell line PC-3. (111)In labeling of DOTA-[(Aca-BN(7-14)]2 was achieved within 30 min at 85 °C with a labeling yield of >40%. High radiochemical purity (>95%) was achieved by HPLC purification. (111)InDOTA-[Aca-BN(7-14)]2 specifically bound to GRPR-positive PC-3 prostate cancer cells with favorable binding characteristics because uptake of 111In-DOTA-[Aca-BN(7-14)]2 in GRPR-positive PC-3 cells increased over time. A maximum peak with 30% radioactivity was observed after 2 h of incubation. The log D value was -1.8 ± 0.1. (111)In-DOTA-[Aca-BN(7-14)]2 was stable in vitro both in PBS and human serum for at least 4 days. In vivo biodistribution analysis and microSPECT/CT scans performed after 1, 4, and 24 h of injection showed favorable binding characteristics and tumor-to-normal tissue ratios. This study identifies (111)In-DOTA-[(Aca-BN(7-14)]2 as a promising radiotracer for nuclear imaging of GRPR in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Carlucci
- Department of Urology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Poma A, Carlucci G, Fontecchio G. Immunogenetics and Hplc Analyses Contribute to Understanding the Etiopathology of Rheumatoid Arthritis through Studies on Ancient Human Remains. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2012; 25:1075-82. [DOI: 10.1177/039463201202500424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic investigations on ancient human remains affected by rheumatological pathologies are a research field of particular interest for identifying origins and the etiopathology of diseases, especially those having an autoimmune background such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We wish to demonstrate how reliable studies concerning this topic require collaboration between multiple disciplines, usually starting from paleopathologic observations up to immunogenetic screening, even involving analytical chemistry. Here, we focused our investigation on the skeleton of Cardinal Carlo de'Medici (1595–1666) for whom RA and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) were postulated after paleopathologic examination. RA susceptibility is linked to specific HLA alleles belonging to DRB1*04 locus, such as DRB1*0401, while Cw*0602 and DRB1*07 predispose to PsA. Thus, we genotyped the Cardinal's remains to search for RA or PsA “risk genes”. Ancient DNA is often subjected to hydrolysis followed by fragmentation. For this reason, all immunogenetic tests were preceded by an original RP-HPLC-FL method able to inform on the ancient DNA preservation and the extent of contamination, with the purpose of avoiding the risk of false positive results. After DNA isolation from a piece of bone from the Cardinal, PCR-SSP and reverse-SSO hybridization assays were applied to perform genomic HLA-typing. RP-HPLC-FL analysis revealed a good preservation of DNA without contamination by exogenous genomes. Molecular tests assigned to the Cardinal the genotype DRB1*0401/*1102 for HLA-DRB locus and Cw*04/*12 for HLA-C locus, data that support a genetic predisposition for RA but not for PsA. This multidisciplinary study has allowed us: (i) to ascertain that the remains undoubtledy belonged to the specific subject, Cardinal Carlo de'Medici; (ii) to sustain that the subject suffered from RA rather then that PsA, and (iii) to state that RA was already widespread in Europe at the Renaissance age, despite some authors claiming that the disease was introduced to the Old Continent from America after colonization during the 18th century
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Poma
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica, Sanità Pubblica, Scienze della Vita e dell ‘Ambiente, Università degli Studi di L’ Aquila, Coppito, L ‘Aquila, Italy
| | - G. Carlucci
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi “G. D ‘Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - G. Fontecchio
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica, Sanità Pubblica, Scienze della Vita e dell ‘Ambiente, Università degli Studi di L’ Aquila, Coppito, L ‘Aquila, Italy
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Kosalec I, Kremer D, Locatelli M, Epifano F, Genovese S, Carlucci G, Randić M, Zovko Končić M. Anthraquinone profile, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of bark extracts of Rhamnus alaternus, R. fallax, R. intermedia and R. pumila. Food Chem 2012; 136:335-41. [PMID: 23122067 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2012] [Revised: 08/10/2012] [Accepted: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The quantity of phenols, as well as antioxidant and antimicrobial activities, were investigated in bark of Rhamnus alaternus L., R. fallax Boiss., R. intermedia Steud. et Hochst., and R. pumila Turra from natural stands in Croatia. The most abundant anthraquinones in the investigated extracts were chrysophanol in R. alaternus (3.14 mg/g), emodin in R. pumila (0.339 mg/g), and physcion in R. fallax (2.70 mg/g) and R. intermedia (0.285 mg/g). The species exhibiting the highest antioxidant activity were R. fallax and R. pumila. A positive correlation was observed between total phenolic and flavonoid levels of the extracts and antioxidant activity in some of the assays. All species showed antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger and Microsporum gypseum with minimal inhibitory concentrations equal to or below 2.500 mg/mL. The results indicate that the investigated Rhamnus species are a source of anthraquinones and other phenols, which act as multifunctional antioxidants with antimicrobial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Kosalec
- University of Zagreb, A. Kovačića 1, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Kremer D, Kosalec I, Locatelli M, Epifano F, Genovese S, Carlucci G, Zovko Končić M. Anthraquinone profiles, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of Frangula rupestris (Scop.) Schur and Frangula alnus Mill. bark. Food Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.09.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Carlucci G, Iuliani P, Di Federico L. Simultaneous Determination of Benzydamine Hydrochloride and Five Impurities in an Oral Collutory as a Pharmaceutical Formulation by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. J Chromatogr Sci 2010; 48:854-9. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/48.10.854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Carlucci G, Di Federico L, Iuliani P. Simultaneous Determination of Zofenopril and Hydrochlorothiazide in Tablets Using Derivative UV Spectrophotometry. ANAL LETT 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/00032711003731415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Genovese S, Epifano F, Carlucci G, Marcotullio M, Curini M, Locatelli M. Quantification of 4′-geranyloxyferulic acid, a new natural colon cancer chemopreventive agent, by HPLC-DAD in grapefruit skin extract. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2010; 53:212-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2010.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2009] [Revised: 01/19/2010] [Accepted: 01/22/2010] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Genovese S, Tammaro F, Menghini L, Carlucci G, Epifano F, Locatelli M. Comparison of three different extraction methods and HPLC determination of the anthraquinones aloe-emodine, emodine, rheine, chrysophanol and physcione in the bark of Rhamnus alpinus L. (Rhamnaceae). Phytochem Anal 2010; 21:261-267. [PMID: 20024894 DOI: 10.1002/pca.1195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Rhamnus alpinus L. (Rhamnaceae), a traditional plants in the flora of the Abruzzo region, is known to contain active anthraquinone secondary metabolites. However, the content of anthraquinones varies among R. alpinus samples depending on collection season and site. Thus, using simple, reliable and accurate analytical methods for the determination of anthraquinones in R. alpinus extracts allows comparative study of different methods of extraction. OBJECTIVE After a partial validation of an HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of five anthraquinones, aloe-emodine, rheine, emodine, chrysophanol and physcione, in the bark of R. alpinus, we compared three different methods of extraction. METHODOLOGY Anthraquinones were extracted from the bark of R. alpinus using different techniques (methanol maceration, ultrasonic and supercritical CO(2) extraction). Separation and quantification of anthraquinones were accomplished using a reversed-phase C(18) column with the mobile phase of H(2)O-methanol (40 : 60, v/v, 1% formic acid) at a wavelength of 254 nm. The qualitative analyses were also achieved at wavelength of 435 nm. RESULTS All calibration curves were linear over the concentration range tested (10-200 mM) with the determination coefficients >or=0.991. The detection limits (S/N = 3) were 5 mM for each analytes. All five anthraquinones were found in the samples tested at concentrations reported in experimental data. CONCLUSION The described HPLC method and optimised extraction procedure are simple, accurate and selective for separation and quantification of anthraquinones in the bark of R. alpinus and allow evaluation of the best extraction procedure between the tested assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Genovese
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi G. D'Annunzio Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti (CH), Italy.
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Scolletta S, Carlucci F, Biagioli B, Marchetti L, Maccherini M, Carlucci G, Rosi F, Salvi M, Tabucchi A. NT-proBNP changes, oxidative stress, and energy status of hypertrophic myocardium following ischemia/reperfusion injury. Biomed Pharmacother 2007; 61:160-6. [PMID: 17350221 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2006.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2006] [Accepted: 10/09/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) is a sensitive functional marker in heart disease, including left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) secondary to valvular aortic stenosis (AS). We evaluated the association between NT-proBNP changes, oxidative stress, energy status and severity of LVH in patients with AS. Ten patients undergoing aortic valve replacement for AS were studied. Plasma NT-proBNP concentrations were performed by electroluminescence immunoassay 15min after the induction of anesthesia (t0), before aortic cross-clamping (t1), before clamp removal (t2), 15min after myocardial reperfusion (t3), and 24h after surgery (t4). Heart biopsies were obtained and high energy phosphates (ATP, ADP, AMP) were analyzed by capillary electrophoresis (CE). In plasma samples from the coronary sinus, nitrate plus nitrite (NOx) concentrations were also analyzed by CE. Echocardiographic measurements were acquired and correlations between biochemical markers and severity of AS were assessed. NT-proBNP peaked significantly at t4 (p<0.001). A linear correlation between NT-proBNP values measured at t0 and t4 was found (R(2)=0.89; p<0.001). A negative correlation between NT-proBNP production and phosphorylation potential (ATP/ADP ratio) was observed (R(2)=0.62; p<0.01). NOx values positively correlated with NT-proBNP levels (p<0.01). NT-proBNP inversely correlated with aortic valvular area (r=81, p<0.01), positively correlated with mean (r=0.82, p<0.01) and maximum left ventricle-to-aortic gradients (r=0.80, p<0.01), and with left ventricular mass (r=0.69, p<0.01). NT-proBNP is a useful marker of LVH and severity of AS. It may complement echocardiographic evaluation of patients with AS in identifying the optimum time for surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Scolletta
- Dipartimento di Chirurgia e Bioingegneria, Università di Siena, Policlinico S. Maria alle Scotte, Viale Bracci 1, 53100 Siena, Italy.
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Abstract
Evidence-based medicine's aims are to retrieve, screen and compound the best external evidence with the experience of the physician, and to best respond to the specific medical need of each individual patient. Clinical questions are better answered when good systematic reviews of randomised trials or good randomised clinical trials are available. On the other hand, in a clinical scenario, difficulties in applying the evidence may be amplified due to variability of disease conditions, feasibility of intervention and patient's preferences. Guidelines are recommendations, based as much as possible on evidence, aimed at supporting clinical judgement/diagnostic skills/treatment decisions in everyday practice. Guidelines may improve the quality of care received by the patient and may contribute towards better consistency of care in a definite geographical area. However, guidelines risk reducing physician skills to critically appraising the evidence. In a clinical scenario, guidelines do not always provide substantial help, especially when no conclusive evidence supports them. The Italian Stroke Guidelines (SPREAD) have contributed towards more evidence-based and better harmonised stroke care in Italy. However, the number of high grade recommendations in SPREAD is still limited. Professionals should not forget that clinical decisions often reflect several issues, not only scientific ones, including personal experience, applicability of intervention and patient's preferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Inzitari
- Department of Neurological and Psychiatric Sciences, University of Florence, III Neurology Clinic-Stroke Unit, Italy.
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Bellucci R, Carlucci G, Di Girolamo R, Palumbo G, Carmenini S, Di Lorito R, Longhi F, Amerio P. Various Clinical Problems Diaper dermatitis: clinical studies with different disposable diapers. Contact Dermatitis 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0536.1990.tb05149.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Vetuschi C, Giannandrea A, Carlucci G, Mazzeo P. Determination of hydrochlorothiazide and irbesartan in pharmaceuticals by fourth-order UV derivative spectrophotometry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 60:665-70. [PMID: 15963513 DOI: 10.1016/j.farmac.2005.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2004] [Revised: 04/23/2005] [Accepted: 04/30/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The fourth-order derivative spectrum from the alcoholic sample is used. HCT can be determined by a specific peak-trough, of low intensity, at 330-340 nm. For IST evaluation, a peak-trough around 250-310 nm is available, common to both products, whose amplitude increases linearly only for low concentration values, while it decreases at higher values. The most difficult aspect of the analysis lies in how to find the optimal concentration range, so that both signals can be evaluated simultaneously. The best results were achieved by using a linear regression for HCT and a regression plane for IST.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Vetuschi
- Farmaco Chimico Department, University of Bari, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy.
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18
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Moretti M, Carlucci G, Di Carlo A, Fonda C, Prieto M, Mugnai S, Bracco L, Piccini C, Pracucci G, Inzitari D. Corpus callosum atrophy is associated with gait disorders in patients with leukoaraiosis. Neurol Sci 2005; 26:61-6. [PMID: 15995821 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-005-0437-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2004] [Accepted: 03/17/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive impairment and gait disturbances are the most frequent clinical findings in patients with leukoaraiosis (LA). Corpus callosum (CC) atrophy has been associated with dementia in patients with LA, as well as with gait disturbances in patients with normal pressure hydrocephalus. We investigated, in patients with LA, the possible association between gait impairment and CC atrophy, taking into account cognitive deficits and the other brain lesions commonly present in these patients. Thirty patients (M:F=21:9; mean age 72.5+/-6.3 years) with gait disturbances and brain CT images consistent with LA underwent an assessment of gait and a cognitive assessment of global and selective functions. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to measure thickness and area of the CC, total LA volume, lacunar infarcts and size of lateral ventricles. We examined the effect of every MRI change on each performance measure. Reduction of CC thickness, particularly that of the anterior segment, had a significant effect on severity of gait impairment, as measured using the gait scale's score. It was independent of any other brain changes revealed by MRI, including LA. An independent, significant association was also found between CC area and the Left Hand Praxis test results. In patients with LA, CC atrophy is associated with gait impairment independently of LA and other brain abnormalities usually present in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Moretti
- Neuroradiology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
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19
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Carlucci G, Gentile MM, Bartolini S, Anacardio R. Physicochemical compatibility between ketoprofen lysine salt injections (OKi Fiale, PG060) and pharmaceutical products frequently used for combined therapy. Boll Chim Farm 2004; 143:15-9. [PMID: 15085570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Ketoprofen lysine salt (Oki Fiale, PG060) is a non steroidal anti-inflammatory agent frequently administered by intramuscular route in association regimen with other drugs, such as steroidal anti-inflammatory, muscle relaxant, local anaesthetic and anti-spastic drugs or vitamins. The aim of this study was to investigate the physicochemical compatibility between ketoprofen lysine salt (Oki Fiale, PG060) and other injectable drugs frequently used in association. Physicochemical properties of ketoprofen lysine salt mixtures with different drugs, including colour, clarity, pH and drug content were observed or measured before and after (up to 3 hours) mixing at room temperature and under light protection. Results show that the association of Oki Fiale (PG060) with different drugs does not cause, up to three hours from mixing, any significant variation in the physicochemical parameters mentioned above. In conclusion, the results obtained demonstrated the physicochemical compatibility of Ketoprofen lysine salt (Oki Fiale, PG060) with several injectable drugs, except for Spasmex fiale (chemical incompatibility) and Xylocaina Astra 2% iniettabile mixed whit a volume ratio of 2/1 (physical incompatibility).
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Affiliation(s)
- G Carlucci
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Facoltà di Farmacia, Università G.D'Annunzio Chieti-Pescara, Italy
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20
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Mascalchi M, Moretti M, Della Nave R, Lolli F, Tessa C, Carlucci G, Bartolini L, Pracucci G, Pantoni L, Filippi M, Inzitari D. Longitudinal evaluation of leukoaraiosis with whole brain ADC histograms. Neurology 2002; 59:938-40. [PMID: 12297586 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.59.6.938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
FLAIR and diffusion-weighted MRI were obtained twice (mean interval 20 +/- 4 months) in 10 patients with leukoaraiosis. At follow-up, visual extension of leukoaraiosis was unchanged, whereas the median of whole brain apparent diffusion coefficient (WB-ADC) histogram was increased (p= 0.008) and brain volume index (BVI) was decreased (p = 0.006). WB-ADC histogram and BVI are sensitive to leukoaraiosis and might be considered for monitoring progression of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mascalchi
- Radiodiagnostic Section, Department of Clinical Physiopathology, University of Florence, USA.
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21
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Abstract
Capillary Electrophoresis (CE) and Capillary Electrochromatography (CEC) have been used to determine losartan and hydrochlorothiazide. The CE separation was carried out in an uncoated capillary filled with a 100 mM sodium borate pH 9 solution containing trimethyl-beta-cyclodextrins. CEC was performed using a capillary packed with a RP-18 stationary phase. The mobile phase was a mixture of 50 mM ammonium acetate pH 7, water, acetonitrile (1/1.5/7.5). By CE and CEC suitable methods to determine simultaneously losartan and hydrochlorothiazide in working standard mixture or pharmaceutical form were obtained. The proposed methods are very simple and both gave accurate and precise results.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Quaglia
- Dipartimento Studi Farmaceutici, Università degli Studi di Roma, La Sapienza, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome, Italy.
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22
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Anacardio R, Perilli O, Bartolini S, Gentile MM, Mazzeo P, Carlucci G. Physicochemical compatibility between ketoprofen lysine salt injections (Artrosilene Fiale) and pharmaceutical products frequently used for combined therapy. Boll Chim Farm 2002; 141:122-7. [PMID: 12135160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Ketoprofen lysine salt (Artrosilene Fiale), a non steroidal anti-inflammatory agent, is frequently administered in association regimen with other drugs, such as steroidal anti-inflammatory, muscle relaxant, local anaesthetic and anti-spastic drugs or vitamins. The aim of this study was to investigate the physicochemical compatibility between ketoprofen lysine salt (Artrosilene Fiale) and other injectable drugs frequently used in association. Physicochemical properties of ketoprofen lysine salt mixtures with different drugs, including colour, clarity, pH and drug content were observed or measured before and after (up to 3 hours) mixing at room temperature and under light protection. Results show that the association of Artrosilene Fiale with different drugs and vitamins does not cause, up to three hours f rom mixing, any significant variation in thephysicochemical parameters mentioned above, except for the association with Benexor B12 where a persistent phase separation occurs. In conclusion the results obtained demonstrated the physicochemical compatibility of Ketoprofen lysine salt (Artrosilene Fiale) with diverse drugs and vitamins, with a single exception.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Anacardio
- Research & Development, L'Aquila Research Centre, Dompé SpA, Italy
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23
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Carlucci G, Mazzeo P, Del Governatore S, Di Giacomo G, Del Re G. Liquid chromatographic method for the analysis of tocopherols in malt sprouts with supercritical fluid extraction. J Chromatogr A 2001; 935:87-91. [PMID: 11762788 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)01080-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A simple, specific and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic method has been developed for the determination of tocopherols in malt sprouts. A supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) procedure was used to isolate tocopherols from the vegetal matrix before quantitative analysis. The analytes were separated on a Zorbax reversed-phase column using methanol-water as mobile phase and quantified by measuring its fluorescence at lambda(em)=328 nm after excitation of the analytes at lambda(exc)=303 nm. The limits of detection for alpha-, gamma- and delta-tocopherols were 0.04, 0.05, and 0.05 microg/ml, respectively. The calibration graphs of the method were linear from 0.1 to 1.5, 0.2 to 2.5, and 0.2 to 2.0 microg/ml, for alpha-, gamma- and delta-tocopherols, respectively. This SFE and HPLC procedure is simple, precise and accurate for the determination of tocopherols in malt sprouts.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Carlucci
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials, University of L'Aquila, Coppito (AQ), Italy.
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24
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Abstract
Neuroimaging changes in the cerebral subcortical white matter (WMC) are recognized with the highest frequency in elderly subjects, particularly in those with vascular risk factors. WMC have been consistently reported to be associated with global or selective cognitive deficits, depression, motor and gait impairment. All these deficits are main contributors to disability in the elderly. Moreover, subjects with WMC have an increased risk of cardiovascular events and death from vascular causes. Functional status in subjects with WMC is variable, from normal to severely (physically or cognitively) disable. The association of WMC with age and with some of the clinical manifestations of aging suggests that WMC could be one of the age-related processes involved in the transition to disability in the elderly. Large cohorts of patients with WMC of different severity and detailed follow-up observation may help elucidating this issue. If WMC are shown to have an impact on disability in the aged population, efforts could be made to prevent WMC and WMC-related motor and cognitive deficits, and to identify measures aimed to halt or slow their progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Inzitari
- Department of Neurological and Psychiatric Sciences, University of Florence, Italy
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25
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Carlucci G, Palumbo G, Mazzeo P, Quaglia MG. Simultaneous determination of losartan and hydrochlorothiazide in tablets by high-performance liquid chromatography. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2000; 23:185-9. [PMID: 10898169 DOI: 10.1016/s0731-7085(00)00268-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A method for the simultaneous determination of losartan potassium and hydrochlorothiazide in tablets is described. The procedure, based on the use of reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography, is linear in the concentration range 3.0-7.0 microg ml(-1) for losartan and 0.5-2.0 microg ml(-1) for hydrochlorothiazide, is simple and rapid and allows accurate and precise results. The limit of detection was 0.08 microg ml(-1) for losartan and 0.05 microg ml(-1) for hydrochlorothiazide.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Carlucci
- Dipartimeto di Chimica, Ingegneria Chimica e Materiali, Università dell'Aquila, Coppito (L'Aquila), Italy.
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26
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Amicarelli F, Gasbarri A, Masciocco L, Pompili A, Pacitti C, Carlucci G, Palumbo G, Miranda M. The effect of intrastriatal injection of liposome-entrapped tyrosinase on the dopamine levels in the rat brain. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 1999; 45:1093-7. [PMID: 10644014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder which is mainly characterized by degeneration of the dopaminergic cells in the nigro-striatal system. Due to a lowered L-tyrosine 3-monooxygenase activity, L-tyrosine is not sufficiently transformed to L-DOPA. To date the most common therapy is the administration of the dopamine precursor L-DOPA, with severe collateral effects. Therefore, the substitution of the lacking tyrosine hydroxylase with tyrosinase might be a novel therapeutical approach that would generate specifically L-DOPA from L-tyrosine. We present here evidence that stereotaxic injection of liposome-entrapped tyrosinase is able to significatively increase the levels of dopamine in the rat brain. The catecholamines L-DOPA, dopamine, L-epinephrine, L-norepinephrine were extracted by acid treatment from the brains and detected by HPLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Amicarelli
- Department of Basic and Applied Biology, University of L'Aquila, Coppito-L'Aquila, Italy
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27
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Carlucci G, Mazzeo P, Guadagni S, Palumbo G. Mitomycin C in biological fluids: Comparison of disk and cartridge solid-phase extraction and quantitation by HPLC in human plasma and ultrafiltrate. Chromatographia 1999. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02493661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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28
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Inzitari D, Rossi R, Lamassa M, Mugnai S, Carlucci G, Bianchi C, Amaducci L. Validity of different linguistic versions of the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale in an international multicentre Alzheimer's disease trial. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 1999; 10:269-77. [PMID: 10364644 DOI: 10.1159/000017131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Owing to the involvement of Italian Centres in a multicentre, German-Italian therapeutical trial with Alzheimer's dementia patients, to be assessed with the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale (ADAS), it was decided that the Italian centres would use an Italian version of the scale, derived from that used by the German centres. However, the lists of words for exploring verbal memory are not merely translated from the German version, but are composed of selective Italian words chosen according to linguistic criteria. This Italian version was validated following the same procedure adopted for validating the German version. We submitted this Italian version to an interrater reliability, test-retest reliability, concurrent validity, internal consistency and sensitivity evaluation, using demented patients. Based on the results of these tests this Italian version of the ADAS proved valid and reliable. Moreover, the results were strikingly comparable to those from the validation of the German version. Our work supports the validity, reliability and transnational comparability of national versions of the ADAS constructed following definite linguistic criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Inzitari
- Department of Neurological and Psychiatric Sciences, University of Florence, Milan, Italy.
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29
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Abstract
High-performance liquid chromatographic methods for the analysis of fluoroquinolones in biological fluids are reviewed. In particular, sample preparation and handling procedures, chromatographic conditions, and detection methods are discussed. A summary of published high-performance liquid chromatographic assays for individual fluoroquinolones is included.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Carlucci
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Universitá dell'Aquila, Coppito (L 'Aquila), Italy
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30
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Carlucci G, Mazzeo P. Finasteride in biological fluids: extraction and separation by a graphitized carbon black cartridge and quantification by high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl 1997; 693:245-8. [PMID: 9200544 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(97)00045-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A simple, specific and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic method has been developed and validated for the determination of finasteride in human plasma. A solid-phase extraction procedure was used to isolate finasteride from the biological matrix before quantitative analysis. The analyte was separated on a Symmetry reversed-phase column using acetonitrile-0.04 M orthophosphoric acid (pH 4.0) as mobile phase and quantified by measuring its UV absorbance at 215 nm. The limit of detection for the analyte was 0.005 microg/ml. 4-Androstene-3,17-dione was used as internal standard. The calibration graph of the method was linear from 0.01 to 3.0 microg/ml of finasteride in human plasma, and the coefficient of variation less than 4.5%. This HPLC procedure is simple, precise and accurate for the determination of finasteride in human plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Carlucci
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Ingegneria Chimica e Materiali, Università dell'Aquila, Coppito (L'Aquila), Italy
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31
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Carlucci G, Mazzeo P, Palumbo G. Simultaneous determination of lomefloxacin, fenbufen and felbinac in human plasma using high performance liquid chromatography. Chromatographia 1996. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02270991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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32
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Carlucci G, Mazzeo P, Palumbo G. Simultaneous determination of rufloxacin, fenbufen and felbinac in human plasma using high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr B Biomed Appl 1996; 682:315-9. [PMID: 8844425 DOI: 10.1016/0378-4347(96)00073-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A simple, specific and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic method has been developed for the simultaneous determination of rufloxacin, fenbufen and felbinac in human plasma. Plasma, spiked with internal standard, was vortex-mixed for 1 min with a mixture of dichloromethane-diethyl ether (80:20, v/v). The evaporated extract was dissolved in 0.02 M NaOH. Drugs were resolved at room temperature on a 5 microns Zorbax SAX column (250 x 4.6 mm I.D.) equipped with a 20 x 4.6 mm anion-exchange Vydac AXGU (10 microns particle size) precolumn. The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile and phosphate buffer (pH 7.0), delivered at a flow-rate of 1.2 ml/min. Detection was made at 280 nm. 2-[4-(2'-Furoyl)phenyl]propionic acid was used as internal standard. The calibration curve was linear from 0.2 to 10 micrograms/ml for rufloxacin, from 0.5 to 30 micrograms/ml for fenbufen and from 0.2 to 10 micrograms/ml for felbinac, respectively. The detection limit was 0.1 microgram/ml for rufloxacin, 0.3 microgram/ml for fenbufen and 0.1 microgram/ml for felbinac, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Carlucci
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Ingegneria Chimica e Materiali, Università dell'Aquila, Coppito, Italy
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Abstract
A simple and reproducible method for the simultaneous determination of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent, furprofen, and the quinolone antimicrobial agent, rufloxacin, in human plasma is described. It involves a two-step liquid-liquid extraction and a separation using an LC-SAX column with ultraviolet detection at 280 nm. Fenbufen is used as the internal standard. Within-day and between-day coefficients of variation are less than 6%. The lower limits of detection are 0.05 and 0.03 micrograms/mL for furprofen and rufloxacin, respectively. The method is suitable for pharmacological, toxicological, and pharmacokinetic studies of furprofen and rufloxacin.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Carlucci
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università dell'Aquila, Italy
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34
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Carlucci G, Mazzeo P. High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of 1-benzyl-1H-indazol-3-ol in benzydamine in pharmaceutical formulations. J Pharm Biomed Anal 1996; 14:655-7. [PMID: 8738196 DOI: 10.1016/0731-7085(95)01657-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- G Carlucci
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università dell' Aquila, Italy
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35
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Palumbo G, Carlucci G, Mazzeo P, Frieri G, Pimpo MT, Fanini D. Simultaneous determination of 5-aminosalicylic acid, acetyl-5-aminosalicylic acid and 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid in endoscopic intestinal biopsy samples in humans by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. J Pharm Biomed Anal 1995; 14:175-80. [PMID: 8833980 DOI: 10.1016/0731-7085(95)01608-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the simultaneous determination of 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA), acetyl-5-aminosalicylic acid (Ac-5-ASA) and 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (5-HSA) in human endoscopic intestinal biopsy with electrochemical detection has been developed and validated. A liquid-liquid extraction procedure was used to isolate these drugs from the biological material prior to analysis. The compounds were separated on an Erbasil S reversed-phase column using methanol-critic acid-sodium hydrogenphosphate-heptane-sulfonic acid-disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate (pH 3) as mobile phase. The method was linear from 1.0 to 300 ng ml-1 for 5-ASA, from 10 to 1000 ng ml-1 for Ac-5ASA and from 0.1 to 10 ng m-1 for 5-HSA. The limit of detection for 5-ASA and for Ac-5-ASA was 1 ng ml-1 and that for 5-HSA was 0.1 ng ml-1. This procedure is suitable for pharmacological and clinical studies of 5-ASA.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Palumbo
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of L'Aquila, Italy
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36
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Carlucci G, Mazzeo P, Palumbo G. Simultaneous determination of rufloxacin and theophylline by high-performance liquid chromatography in human plasma. Analyst 1995; 120:2493-5. [PMID: 8540619 DOI: 10.1039/an9952002493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
A sensitive, specific and rapid liquid chromatographic procedure to monitor rufloxacin and theophylline selectively in human plasma has been developed and validated. Plasma samples were extracted with a mixture of dichloromethane-diethyl ether. The organic layer was evaporated to dryness, reconstituted with mobile phase, and the analytes were separated and quantified by LC on an octadecylsilane column with acetonitrile-0.1 mol dm-3 phosphate buffer (pH3) as mobile phase and UV detection at 280 nm. The procedure was linear from 0.05 to 5.0 micrograms cm-3, with a detection limit of 0.03 micrograms cm-3 for rufloxacin, and from 0.5 to 30 micrograms cm-3, with a detection limit of 0.02 micrograms cm-3 for theophylline. The accuracy of the method was defined by relative errors of 4.2, 5.0 and 1.6% for human plasma containing 0.1, 1.0 and 5.0 micrograms cm-3 of rufloxacin and 2.4, 2.0 and 2.7% at the concentrations of 1.0, 5.0 and 20 micrograms cm-3 for theophylline. The corresponding relative standard deviations were 3.4, 2.8 and 1.7% for rufloxacin and 2.1, 3.7 and 3.8% for theophylline at the same concentrations, respectively. The assay has been successfully applied to pharmacology, toxicology and pharmacokinetics studies in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Carlucci
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Ingegneria Chimica e Materiali, Università dell'Aquila, Coppito (L'Aquila), Italy
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37
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Carlucci G, Mazzeo P. Simultaneous determination of rufloxacin and furprofen in plasma by derivative UV-spectrophotometry. Farmaco 1994; 49:527-528. [PMID: 7945721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
A procedure for the simultaneous determination of rufloxacin and furprofen in rat plasma by second-derivative UV-spectrophotometry is described. The proposed method, which gives useful data for pharmacokinetic studies, is simple and rapid, and allows precise and accurate results.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Carlucci
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Ingegneria Chimica e Materiali, Università dell'Aquila, Italy
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38
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Carlucci G, Mazzeo P, Vetuschi C, Di Giuseppe E. Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic and derivative UV spectrophotometric determination of famotidine in pharmaceutical preparations. Int J Pharm 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0378-5173(94)90066-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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39
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Carlucci G, Cilli A, Liberato M, Mazzeo P. Determination of lomefloxacin in human plasma by solid-phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection. J Pharm Biomed Anal 1993; 11:1105-8. [PMID: 8123720 DOI: 10.1016/0731-7085(93)80089-j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of lomefloxacin in human plasma has been developed and validated. A solid-phase extraction procedure was used to isolate lomefloxacin from the biological matrix prior to the quantitative analysis. The compound was separated on a Vydac anion-exchange column using acetonitrile-phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) as the mobile phase and quantified by measuring its UV absorbance at 280 nm. The lower limit of detection for the analyte was 0.05 micrograms ml-1. Enoxacin was used as the internal standard. The calibration graph of the method was linear from 0.1 to 10 micrograms ml-1 of lomefloxacin in human plasma. This procedure is suitable for pharmacological and pharmacokinetic studies of lomefloxacin.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Carlucci
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università dell'Aquila, Italy
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Carlucci G, Mazzeo P, Fantozzi T. Determination of Ofloxacin in Pharmaceutical Forms by High - Performance Liquid Chromatography and Derivative Uvspectrophotometry. ANAL LETT 1993. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719308017462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Carlucci G, Mazzeo P, Palumbo G. A high performance liquid chromatographic procedure for the simultaneous determination of norfloxacin and furprofen in rat plasma. Biomed Chromatogr 1993; 7:126-8. [PMID: 8318826 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1130070303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
A rapid and simple high performance liquid chromatographic analytical method is described for the simultaneous determination of norfloxacin and furprofen in rat plasma. Following dichloromethane extraction, the solution was chromatographed in a Vydac anion exchange column using a mobile phase of 0.05 M phosphate buffer (pH = 7.0): acetonitrile (80:20, v/v) at a flow-rate of 1.8 mL/min. The drugs were detected by UV absorption at 278 nm. The total chromatographic analysis time was 10 min. The response was linear, 0.1-5.0 micrograms/mL for norfloxacin and 0.1-3.0 micrograms/mL for furprofen, respectively. This method is useful for pharmacokinetic studies of these compounds and will facilitate detailed investigations into the interactions between quinolones and furprofen.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Carlucci
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Ingegneria Chimica e Materiali, Università dell'Aquila, Italy
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Carlucci G, Mazzeo P, Biordi L, Bologna M. Simultaneous determination of simvastatin and its hydroxy acid form in human plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection. J Pharm Biomed Anal 1992; 10:693-7. [PMID: 1286134 DOI: 10.1016/0731-7085(92)80098-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Simvastatin (SV), an analogue of lovastatin, is the lactone form of 1',2',6',7',8',8a'-hexahydro-3,5-dihydroxy-2',6'-dimethyl-8'(2'',2''-di met hyl-1''-oxobutoxy)-1'-naphthalene-heptanoic acid (SVA) which lowers plasma cholesterol by inhibiting 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase. A fast, simple and accurate method for determining SV and SVA concentrations in human plasma has been developed and validated for use in the analysis of plasma samples from patients and healthy volunteers. This method involves an extraction procedure using a mixture of acetonitrile-water and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection. The procedure was linear from 20 to 1000 ng ml-1 for SV and from 25 to 1000 ng ml-1 for SVA, respectively. The method was accurate with relative errors of 5.0, 2.1 and 3.2% for human plasma controls containing 50, 250 and 500 ng ml-1 of SV, respectively. The corresponding precision was 2.3, 1.8 and 1.0% (RSD%). Similarly, relative standard deviations less than 2.3% and relative errors of less than 5.2% were obtained from human plasma controls containing SVA at identical concentrations. The method is suitable for pharmacology and pharmacokinetic studies of simvastatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Carlucci
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi dell'Aquila, Italy
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Abstract
A 44-week clinical study was carried out on a large sample of the Italian infant population to measure the incidence of diaper (napkin) dermatitis and to identify the factors related to the development of diaper dermatitis. Factors such as age, sex, the presence of atopic dermatitis, the general state of health of the child, the use of drugs and the type of diaper used were recorded. At the end of the test, 2169 clinical dermatological examinations were performed. The frequency of episodes of diaper dermatitis was 15.2%. Statistical correlations between diaper dermatitis and age, presence of atopic dermatitis, and health conditions were found.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Longhi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Chieti, Italy
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Carlucci G, Mazzeo P, Fanini D, Palumbo G. Determination of rufloxacin, a new tricyclic fluoroquinolone in biological fluids using high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. Ther Drug Monit 1991; 13:448-51. [PMID: 1659757 DOI: 10.1097/00007691-199109000-00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A simple, specific, and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography method has been developed for routine monitoring of the antimicrobial agent rufloxacin in human serum and urine. Serum or urine-spiked with internal standard pipemidic acid, were vortex-mixed for 2 min with dichloromethane at pH 7.4. The evaporated extract was dissolved in 0.05 M NaOH. The mobile phase consisted of orthophosphoric acid, tetrabutylammonium iodide, and methanol. Drugs were resolved at ambient temperature on a 10 micron Viosfer LC-RP-18 column (250 x 4.6 mm I.D.) equipped with a guard column. Flow rate was 1.8 ml/min, and monitoring was performed at 295 nm. The calibration curve was linear from 0.1 to 10 micrograms/ml for human serum and from 0.05 to 10 micrograms/ml for urine. Retention times were 3.1 and 6.3 min for internal standard and rufloxacin. The detection limit of rufloxacin was 0.05 microgram/ml for human serum and 0.03 microgram/ml for urine. No interference from other commonly administered drugs or endogenous substances was observed. The assay demonstrated sufficient sensitivity and specificity for the study of the pharmacokinetics of rufloxacin in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Carlucci
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Materials, University of L'Aquila, Italy
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Carlucci G, Palumbo G. Analytical procedure for the determination of rufloxacin, a new pyridobenzothiazine, in human serum and urine by high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr 1991; 564:346-51. [PMID: 1860932 DOI: 10.1016/0378-4347(91)80101-h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the quantification of rufloxacin in human serum and urine has been developed and validated. The compounds, rufloxacin and internal standard, are extracted from buffered serum and urine using dichloromethane. They are then separated on an anion-exchange column using 0.05 M phosphate buffer-acetonitrile (80:20, v/v). The eluate is quantified by measuring the ultraviolet absorbance at 296 nm. The lower limit of detection for the analyte is 0.1 microgram/ml in serum and 0.05 micrograms/ml in urine. The method is linear from 0.3 to 10 micrograms/ml for serum and 0.1 to 10 micrograms/ml for urine. The method has been applied in a pharmacokinetic study in volunteers.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Carlucci
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Ingegneria Chimica e Materiali, Università dell'Aquila, Italy
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Affiliation(s)
- G Carlucci
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Ingegneria Chimica e Materiali, Università degli Studi dell'Aquila, Italy
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Carlucci G. High-performance liquid chromatographic assay for nizatidine, a new H2 blocker, in human plasma and urine using disposable solid-phase extraction columns. J Chromatogr 1990; 525:490-4. [PMID: 1970345 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(00)83429-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G Carlucci
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università dell'Aquila, Italy
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Carlucci G, Colanzi A, Mazzeo P. Determination of bamifylline hydrochloride impurities in bulk material and pharmaceutical forms using liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. J Pharm Biomed Anal 1990; 8:1067-9. [PMID: 2100589 DOI: 10.1016/0731-7085(90)80172-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G Carlucci
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università dell'Aquila, Italy
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Carlucci G, Biordi L, Vicentini C, Bologna M. Determination of imipenem in human plasma, urine and tissue by high-performance liquid chromatography. J Pharm Biomed Anal 1990; 8:283-6. [PMID: 2094428 DOI: 10.1016/0731-7085(90)80038-q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A simple and reliable HPLC method is described for the new beta-lactam antibiotic imipenem; suitable extraction procedures for the drug in human plasma, urine and prostatic tissue are described. The figures of merit for the assays are reported and examples given of their application.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Carlucci
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi dell'Aquila, Italy
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Pantaleoni GC, Palumbo G, Fanini D, Giorgi R, Carlucci G, Sponta AM. A high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the evaluation of aldrin epoxidation by cytochrome P-450 dependent monooxygenase in small liver samples. J Pharm Biomed Anal 1989; 7:783-8. [PMID: 2490781 DOI: 10.1016/0731-7085(89)80125-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- G C Pantaleoni
- Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Sanità Pubblica, Università degli Studi de L'Aquila, Italy
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