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1
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Felín MS, Wang K, Raggi C, Moreira A, Pandey A, Grose A, Caballero Z, Rengifo-Herrera C, Ramirez M, Moossazadeh D, Castro C, Montalvo JLS, Leahy K, Zhou Y, Clouser FA, Siddiqui M, Leong N, Goodall P, Michalowski M, Ismail M, Christmas M, Schrantz S, Norero X, Estripeaut D, Ellis D, Ashi K, Dovgin S, Dixon A, Li X, Begeman I, Heichman S, Lykins J, Villalobos-Cerrud D, Fabrega L, Mendivil C, Quijada MR, Fernández-Pirla S, de La Guardia V, Wong D, de LadrónGuevara M, Flores C, Borace J, García A, Caballero N, de Saez MTM, Politis M, Ross S, Dogra M, Dhamsania V, Graves N, Kirchberg M, Mathur K, Aue A, Restrepo CM, Llanes A, Guzman G, Rebollon A, Boyer K, Heydemann P, Noble AG, Swisher C, Rabiah P, Withers S, Hull T, Su C, Blair M, Latkany P, Mui E, Vasconcelos-Santos DV, Villareal A, Perez A, Galvis CAN, Montes MV, Perez NIC, Ramirez M, Chittenden C, Wang E, Garcia-López LL, Muñoz-Ortiz J, Rivera-Valdivia N, Bohorquez-Granados MC, de-la-Torre GC, Padrieu G, Hernandez JDV, Celis-Giraldo D, Acosta Dávila JA, Torres E, Oquendo MM, Arteaga-Rivera JY, Nicolae D, Rzhetsky A, Roizen N, Stillwaggon E, Sawers L, Peyron F, Wallon M, Chapey E, Levigne P, Charter C, De Frias M, Montoya J, Press C, Ramirez R, Contopoulos-Ioannidis D, Maldonado Y, Liesenfeld O, Gomez C, Wheeler K, Holfels E, Frim D, McLone D, Penn R, Cohen W, Zehar S, McAuley J, Limonne D, Houze S, Abraham S, Piarroux R, Tesic V, Beavis K, Abeleda A, Sautter M, El Mansouri B, El Bachir A, Amarir F, El Bissati K, de-la-Torre A, Britton G, Motta J, Ortega-Barria E, Romero IL, Meier P, Grigg M, Gómez-Marín J, Kosagisharaf JR, Llorens XS, Reyes O, McLeod R. Building Programs to Eradicate Toxoplasmosis Part III: Epidemiology and Risk Factors. Curr Pediatr Rep 2022; 10:109-124. [PMID: 37744780 PMCID: PMC10516319 DOI: 10.1007/s40124-022-00265-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of Review Review comprehensive data on rates of toxoplasmosis in Panama and Colombia. Recent Findings Samples and data sets from Panama and Colombia, that facilitated estimates regarding seroprevalence of antibodies to Toxoplasma and risk factors, were reviewed. Summary Screening maps, seroprevalence maps, and risk factor mathematical models were devised based on these data. Studies in Ciudad de Panamá estimated seroprevalence at between 22 and 44%. Consistent relationships were found between higher prevalence rates and factors such as poverty and proximity to water sources. Prenatal screening rates for anti-Toxoplasma antibodies were variable, despite existence of a screening law. Heat maps showed a correlation between proximity to bodies of water and overall Toxoplasma seroprevalence. Spatial epidemiological maps and mathematical models identify specific regions that could most benefit from comprehensive, preventive healthcare campaigns related to congenital toxoplasmosis and Toxoplasma infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kanix Wang
- Institute for Genomics and Systems Biology, The University
of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Catalina Raggi
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago,
Chicago, IL, USA
- Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas Y Servicios
de Alta Tecnología AIP (INDICASAT-AIP), Ciudad de Panamá, Panama
- Department of Pediatrics Infectious Diseases/Department of
Neonatology, Hospital del Niño Doctor José Renán Esquivel,
Ciudad de Panamá, Panama
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The
University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- The College, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL,
USA
- The Global Health Center, The University of Chicago,
Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Aliya Moreira
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago,
Chicago, IL, USA
- The College, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL,
USA
- The Global Health Center, The University of Chicago,
Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Abhinav Pandey
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The
University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- The College, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL,
USA
- The Global Health Center, The University of Chicago,
Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Andrew Grose
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago,
Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Zuleima Caballero
- Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas Y Servicios
de Alta Tecnología AIP (INDICASAT-AIP), Ciudad de Panamá, Panama
| | | | - Margarita Ramirez
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The
University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- The College, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL,
USA
- The Global Health Center, The University of Chicago,
Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Davina Moossazadeh
- The College, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL,
USA
- The Global Health Center, The University of Chicago,
Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Statistics, The University of Chicago,
Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Catherine Castro
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago,
Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The
University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - José Luis Sanchez Montalvo
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The
University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- The College, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL,
USA
| | - Karen Leahy
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago,
Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ying Zhou
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago,
Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Maryam Siddiqui
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago,
Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Nicole Leong
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago,
Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Perpetua Goodall
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago,
Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Morgan Michalowski
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago,
Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mahmoud Ismail
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago,
Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Monica Christmas
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago,
Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Stephen Schrantz
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago,
Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ximena Norero
- Department of Pediatrics Infectious Diseases/Department of
Neonatology, Hospital del Niño Doctor José Renán Esquivel,
Ciudad de Panamá, Panama
| | - Dora Estripeaut
- Department of Pediatrics Infectious Diseases/Department of
Neonatology, Hospital del Niño Doctor José Renán Esquivel,
Ciudad de Panamá, Panama
| | - David Ellis
- Department of Pediatrics Infectious Diseases/Department of
Neonatology, Hospital del Niño Doctor José Renán Esquivel,
Ciudad de Panamá, Panama
| | - Kevin Ashi
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago,
Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Samantha Dovgin
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The
University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- The College, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL,
USA
| | - Ashtyn Dixon
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The
University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Xuan Li
- Rush University Medical School/Rush University Medical
Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ian Begeman
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago,
Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The
University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sharon Heichman
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago,
Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The
University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Joseph Lykins
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago,
Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The
University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Delba Villalobos-Cerrud
- Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas Y Servicios
de Alta Tecnología AIP (INDICASAT-AIP), Ciudad de Panamá, Panama
| | - Lorena Fabrega
- Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas Y Servicios
de Alta Tecnología AIP (INDICASAT-AIP), Ciudad de Panamá, Panama
| | - Connie Mendivil
- Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas Y Servicios
de Alta Tecnología AIP (INDICASAT-AIP), Ciudad de Panamá, Panama
| | - Mario R. Quijada
- Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas Y Servicios
de Alta Tecnología AIP (INDICASAT-AIP), Ciudad de Panamá, Panama
| | - Silvia Fernández-Pirla
- Toxoplasmosis Programs and Initiatives in Panamá,
Ciudad de Panamá, Panama
- Academia Interamericana de Panamá, Ciudad de
Panamá, Panama
| | - Valli de La Guardia
- Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas Y Servicios
de Alta Tecnología AIP (INDICASAT-AIP), Ciudad de Panamá, Panama
| | - Digna Wong
- Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas Y Servicios
de Alta Tecnología AIP (INDICASAT-AIP), Ciudad de Panamá, Panama
| | - Mayrene de LadrónGuevara
- Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas Y Servicios
de Alta Tecnología AIP (INDICASAT-AIP), Ciudad de Panamá, Panama
| | | | | | - Anabel García
- Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas Y Servicios
de Alta Tecnología AIP (INDICASAT-AIP), Ciudad de Panamá, Panama
| | | | - Maria Theresa Moreno de Saez
- Department of Pediatrics Infectious Diseases/Department of
Neonatology, Hospital del Niño Doctor José Renán Esquivel,
Ciudad de Panamá, Panama
| | - Michael Politis
- Toxoplasmosis Programs and Initiatives in Panamá,
Ciudad de Panamá, Panama
| | - Stephanie Ross
- Rush University Medical School/Rush University Medical
Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mimansa Dogra
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The
University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Vishan Dhamsania
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago,
Chicago, IL, USA
- Capstone Program, Global Health Center, The University of
Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Nicholas Graves
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago,
Chicago, IL, USA
- Capstone Program, Global Health Center, The University of
Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Marci Kirchberg
- Capstone Program, Global Health Center, The University of
Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Harris School of Public Policy, The University of
Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kopal Mathur
- Capstone Program, Global Health Center, The University of
Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Harris School of Public Policy, The University of
Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ashley Aue
- Harris School of Public Policy, The University of
Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Carlos M. Restrepo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas Y Servicios
de Alta Tecnología AIP (INDICASAT-AIP), Ciudad de Panamá, Panama
| | - Alejandro Llanes
- Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas Y Servicios
de Alta Tecnología AIP (INDICASAT-AIP), Ciudad de Panamá, Panama
| | - German Guzman
- Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas Y Servicios
de Alta Tecnología AIP (INDICASAT-AIP), Ciudad de Panamá, Panama
| | - Arturo Rebollon
- Sanofi Aventis de Panamá S.A, University of South
Florida, Ciudad de Panamá, Panama
| | - Kenneth Boyer
- Rush University Medical School/Rush University Medical
Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Peter Heydemann
- Rush University Medical School/Rush University Medical
Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - A. Gwendolyn Noble
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The
University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine,
Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Charles Swisher
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine,
Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Shawn Withers
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The
University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Teri Hull
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago,
Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Chunlei Su
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Tennessee,
Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Michael Blair
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago,
Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The
University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Paul Latkany
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The
University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ernest Mui
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The
University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Alcibiades Villareal
- Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas Y Servicios
de Alta Tecnología AIP (INDICASAT-AIP), Ciudad de Panamá, Panama
| | - Ambar Perez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas Y Servicios
de Alta Tecnología AIP (INDICASAT-AIP), Ciudad de Panamá, Panama
| | | | | | | | - Morgan Ramirez
- The College, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL,
USA
| | - Cy Chittenden
- The College, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL,
USA
| | - Edward Wang
- The College, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL,
USA
| | | | - Juliana Muñoz-Ortiz
- Grupo de Investigación en Neurociencias,
Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | | | | | - Guillermo Padrieu
- The University of South Florida College of Public Health,
Tampa, FL, USA
| | | | - Daniel Celis-Giraldo
- Grupo de Investigación en Neurociencias,
Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Elizabeth Torres
- Grupo de Investigación en Neurociencias,
Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | | | - Dan Nicolae
- Department of Statistics, The University of Chicago,
Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Andrey Rzhetsky
- Institute for Genomics and Systems Biology, The University
of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Nancy Roizen
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago,
Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Larry Sawers
- Department of Economics, American University, Washington,
D.C, USA
| | - Francois Peyron
- Institut Des Agents Infectieux, Hôpital de La
Croix-Rousse, Lyon, France
| | - Martine Wallon
- Institut Des Agents Infectieux, Hôpital de La
Croix-Rousse, Lyon, France
| | - Emanuelle Chapey
- Institut Des Agents Infectieux, Hôpital de La
Croix-Rousse, Lyon, France
| | - Pauline Levigne
- Institut Des Agents Infectieux, Hôpital de La
Croix-Rousse, Lyon, France
| | | | | | - Jose Montoya
- Remington Specialty Laboratory, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Cindy Press
- Remington Specialty Laboratory, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | | | - Despina Contopoulos-Ioannidis
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious
Diseases, Stanford University College of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yvonne Maldonado
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious
Diseases, Stanford University College of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Carlos Gomez
- Department of Economics, Gettysburg College, Gettysburg,
PA, USA
| | - Kelsey Wheeler
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The
University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ellen Holfels
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago,
Chicago, IL, USA
| | - David Frim
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago,
Chicago, IL, USA
| | - David McLone
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine,
Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Richard Penn
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago,
Chicago, IL, USA
| | - William Cohen
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago,
Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Samantha Zehar
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine,
Chicago, IL, USA
| | - James McAuley
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The
University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Sandrine Houze
- Laboratory of Parasitologie, Bichat-Claude Bernard
Hopital, Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Abraham
- Laboratory of Parasitologie, Bichat-Claude Bernard
Hopital, Paris, France
| | | | - Vera Tesic
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago,
Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kathleen Beavis
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago,
Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ana Abeleda
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago,
Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mari Sautter
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago,
Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | | | - Fatima Amarir
- Faculty of Sciences Aïn Chok, University Hassan
II, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Kamal El Bissati
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago,
Chicago, IL, USA
- INH, Rabat, Morocco
| | | | - Gabrielle Britton
- Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas Y Servicios
de Alta Tecnología AIP (INDICASAT-AIP), Ciudad de Panamá, Panama
- Sistema Nacional de Investigadores de Panamá
(SNI), Clayton, Panama
| | - Jorge Motta
- Tecnología E Innovación (SENACYT),
Secretaría Nacional de Ciencia, Ciudad de Panamá, Panama
| | - Eduardo Ortega-Barria
- Tecnología E Innovación (SENACYT),
Secretaría Nacional de Ciencia, Ciudad de Panamá, Panama
- GSK Vaccines, Panamá, Panama
| | - Isabel Luz Romero
- Tecnología E Innovación (SENACYT),
Secretaría Nacional de Ciencia, Ciudad de Panamá, Panama
| | - Paul Meier
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago,
Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Michael Grigg
- Molecular Parasitology Section Laboratory of Parasitic
Diseases, National Institutes of Health, NIAID, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Jagannatha Rao Kosagisharaf
- Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas Y Servicios
de Alta Tecnología AIP (INDICASAT-AIP), Ciudad de Panamá, Panama
| | - Xavier Sáez Llorens
- Department of Pediatrics Infectious Diseases/Department of
Neonatology, Hospital del Niño Doctor José Renán Esquivel,
Ciudad de Panamá, Panama
- Sistema Nacional de Investigadores de Panamá
(SNI), Clayton, Panama
| | - Osvaldo Reyes
- Academia Interamericana de Panamá, Ciudad de
Panamá, Panama
- Hospital Santo Tomás, Ciudad de Panamá,
Panama
- Sistema Nacional de Investigadores de Panamá
(SNI), Clayton, Panama
| | - Rima McLeod
- Toxoplasmosis Programs and Initiatives in Panamá,
Ciudad de Panamá, Panama
- Institute for Genomics and Systems Biology, The University
of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago,
Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The
University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- The College, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL,
USA
- The Global Health Center, The University of Chicago,
Chicago, IL, USA
- Toxoplasmosis Center, The University of Chicago, and
Toxoplasmosis Research Institute, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Pediatrics (Infectious Diseases), The
University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Felín MS, Wang K, Moreira A, Grose A, Leahy K, Zhou Y, Clouser FA, Siddiqui M, Leong N, Goodall P, Michalowski M, Ismail M, Christmas M, Schrantz S, Caballero Z, Norero X, Estripeaut D, Ellis D, Raggi C, Castro C, Rengifo-Herrera C, Moossazadeh D, Ramirez M, Pandey A, Ashi K, Dovgin S, Dixon A, Li X, Begeman I, Heichman S, Lykins J, Villalobos-Cerrud D, Fabrega L, Montalvo JLS, Mendivil C, Quijada MR, Fernández-Pirla S, de La Guardia V, Wong D, de Guevara ML, Flores C, Borace J, García A, Caballero N, de Saez MTM, Politis M, Ross S, Dogra M, Dhamsania V, Graves N, Kirchberg M, Mathur K, Aue A, Restrepo CM, Llanes A, Guzman G, Rebellon A, Boyer K, Heydemann P, Noble AG, Swisher C, Rabiah P, Withers S, Hull T, Frim D, McLone D, Su C, Blair M, Latkany P, Mui E, Vasconcelos-Santos DV, Villareal A, Perez A, Galvis CAN, Montes MV, Perez NIC, Ramirez M, Chittenden C, Wang E, Garcia-López LL, Muñoz-Ortiz J, Rivera-Valdivia N, Bohorquez-Granados MC, de-la-Torre GC, Padrieu G, Hernandez JDV, Celis-Giraldo D, Dávila JAA, Torres E, Oquendo MM, Arteaga-Rivera JY, Nicolae DL, Rzhetsky A, Roizen N, Stillwaggon E, Sawers L, Peyron F, Wallon M, Chapey E, Levigne P, Charter C, De Frias M, Montoya J, Press C, Ramirez R, Contopoulos-Ioannidis D, Maldonado Y, Liesenfeld O, Gomez C, Wheeler K, Zehar S, McAuley J, Limonne D, Houze S, Abraham S, Piarroux R, Tesic V, Beavis K, Abeleda A, Sautter M, El Mansouri B, El Bachir A, Amarir F, El Bissati K, Holfels E, Penn R, Cohen W, de-la-Torre A, Britton G, Motta J, Ortega-Barria E, Romero IL, Meier P, Grigg M, Gómez-Marín J, Kosagisharaf JR, Llorens XS, Reyes O, McLeod R. Building Programs to Eradicate Toxoplasmosis Part II: Education. Curr Pediatr Rep 2022; 10:93-108. [PMID: 36969368 PMCID: PMC10035399 DOI: 10.1007/s40124-022-00267-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose of Review
Review work to create and evaluate educational materials that could serve as a primary prevention strategy to help both providers and patients in Panama, Colombia, and the USA reduce disease burden of Toxoplasma infections.
Recent Findings
Educational programs had not been evaluated for efficacy in Panama, USA, or Colombia.
Summary
Educational programs for high school students, pregnant women, medical students and professionals, scientists, and lay personnel were created. In most settings, short-term effects were evaluated. In Panama, Colombia, and USA, all materials showed short-term utility in transmitting information to learners. These educational materials can serve as a component of larger public health programs to lower disease burden from congenital toxoplasmosis. Future priorities include conducting robust longitudinal studies of whether education correlates with reduced adverse disease outcomes, modifying educational materials as new information regarding region-specific risk factors is discovered, and ensuring materials are widely accessible.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kanix Wang
- Institute for Genomics and Systems Biology, The University
of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Aliya Moreira
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago,
Chicago, IL, USA
- Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios
de Alta Tecnología AIP (INDICASAT-AIP), Panama City, Panama
- Department of Pediatrics Infectious Diseases/Department of
Neonatology, Hospital del Niño Doctor José Renán Esquivel,
Panama City, Panama
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The
University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- The College, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL,
USA
- The Global Health Center, The University of Chicago,
Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Andrew Grose
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago,
Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The
University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- The Global Health Center, The University of Chicago,
Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Karen Leahy
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago,
Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ying Zhou
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago,
Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Maryam Siddiqui
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago,
Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Nicole Leong
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago,
Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Perpetua Goodall
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago,
Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Morgan Michalowski
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago,
Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mahmoud Ismail
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago,
Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Monica Christmas
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago,
Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Stephen Schrantz
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago,
Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Zuleima Caballero
- Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios
de Alta Tecnología AIP (INDICASAT-AIP), Panama City, Panama
| | - Ximena Norero
- Department of Pediatrics Infectious Diseases/Department of
Neonatology, Hospital del Niño Doctor José Renán Esquivel,
Panama City, Panama
| | - Dora Estripeaut
- Department of Pediatrics Infectious Diseases/Department of
Neonatology, Hospital del Niño Doctor José Renán Esquivel,
Panama City, Panama
| | - David Ellis
- Department of Pediatrics Infectious Diseases/Department of
Neonatology, Hospital del Niño Doctor José Renán Esquivel,
Panama City, Panama
| | - Catalina Raggi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The
University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- The College, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL,
USA
- The Global Health Center, The University of Chicago,
Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Catherine Castro
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago,
Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The
University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- The Global Health Center, The University of Chicago,
Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Claudia Rengifo-Herrera
- Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios
de Alta Tecnología AIP (INDICASAT-AIP), Panama City, Panama
- Universidad de Panamá, Panama City, Panama
| | - Davina Moossazadeh
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The
University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- The College, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL,
USA
- The Global Health Center, The University of Chicago,
Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Statistics, The University of Chicago,
Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Margarita Ramirez
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago,
Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The
University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- The College, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL,
USA
- The Global Health Center, The University of Chicago,
Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Abhinav Pandey
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The
University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- The College, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL,
USA
- The Global Health Center, The University of Chicago,
Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kevin Ashi
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago,
Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The
University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- The Global Health Center, The University of Chicago,
Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Samantha Dovgin
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The
University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- The College, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL,
USA
| | - Ashtyn Dixon
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The
University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Xuan Li
- Rush University Medical School/Rush University Medical
Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ian Begeman
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago,
Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The
University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sharon Heichman
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago,
Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The
University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Joseph Lykins
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago,
Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The
University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Delba Villalobos-Cerrud
- Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios
de Alta Tecnología AIP (INDICASAT-AIP), Panama City, Panama
| | - Lorena Fabrega
- Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios
de Alta Tecnología AIP (INDICASAT-AIP), Panama City, Panama
| | - José Luis Sanchez Montalvo
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The
University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- The Global Health Center, The University of Chicago,
Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Connie Mendivil
- Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios
de Alta Tecnología AIP (INDICASAT-AIP), Panama City, Panama
| | - Mario R. Quijada
- Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios
de Alta Tecnología AIP (INDICASAT-AIP), Panama City, Panama
| | - Silvia Fernández-Pirla
- Toxoplasmosis Programs and Initiatives in Panamá,
Panama City, Panama
- Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios
de Alta Tecnología AIP (INDICASAT-AIP), Panama City, Panama
- Academia Interamericana de Panamá, Panama City,
Panama
- Hospital Santo Tomás, Panama City, Panama
| | - Valli de La Guardia
- Toxoplasmosis Programs and Initiatives in Panamá,
Panama City, Panama
- Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios
de Alta Tecnología AIP (INDICASAT-AIP), Panama City, Panama
- Hospital Santo Tomás, Panama City, Panama
- Hospital San Miguel de Arcangel, Ciudad de Panama,
Panama
| | - Digna Wong
- Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios
de Alta Tecnología AIP (INDICASAT-AIP), Panama City, Panama
| | - Mayrene Ladrón de Guevara
- Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios
de Alta Tecnología AIP (INDICASAT-AIP), Panama City, Panama
- Hospital Santo Tomás, Panama City, Panama
| | | | | | - Anabel García
- Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios
de Alta Tecnología AIP (INDICASAT-AIP), Panama City, Panama
| | | | - Maria Theresa Moreno de Saez
- Department of Pediatrics Infectious Diseases/Department of
Neonatology, Hospital del Niño Doctor José Renán Esquivel,
Panama City, Panama
| | - Michael Politis
- Toxoplasmosis Programs and Initiatives in Panamá,
Panama City, Panama
| | - Stephanie Ross
- Rush University Medical School/Rush University Medical
Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mimansa Dogra
- The Global Health Center, The University of Chicago,
Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Vishan Dhamsania
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago,
Chicago, IL, USA
- The Global Health Center, The University of Chicago,
Chicago, IL, USA
- Capstone Program, Global Health Center, The University of
Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Nicholas Graves
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago,
Chicago, IL, USA
- The Global Health Center, The University of Chicago,
Chicago, IL, USA
- Capstone Program, Global Health Center, The University of
Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Marci Kirchberg
- Capstone Program, Global Health Center, The University of
Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Harris School of Public Policy, The University of
Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kopal Mathur
- Capstone Program, Global Health Center, The University of
Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Harris School of Public Policy, The University of
Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ashley Aue
- The Global Health Center, The University of Chicago,
Chicago, IL, USA
- Harris School of Public Policy, The University of
Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Carlos M. Restrepo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios
de Alta Tecnología AIP (INDICASAT-AIP), Panama City, Panama
| | - Alejandro Llanes
- Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios
de Alta Tecnología AIP (INDICASAT-AIP), Panama City, Panama
| | - German Guzman
- Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios
de Alta Tecnología AIP (INDICASAT-AIP), Panama City, Panama
| | - Arturo Rebellon
- Sanofi Aventis de Panamá S.A., University of South
Florida, Panama City, Panama
| | - Kenneth Boyer
- Rush University Medical School/Rush University Medical
Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Peter Heydemann
- Rush University Medical School/Rush University Medical
Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - A. Gwendolyn Noble
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The
University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine,
Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Charles Swisher
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The
University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine,
Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Peter Rabiah
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The
University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- NorthShore Evanston Hospital, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Shawn Withers
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The
University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Teri Hull
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago,
Chicago, IL, USA
| | - David Frim
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago,
Chicago, IL, USA
| | - David McLone
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine,
Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Chunlei Su
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Tennessee,
Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Michael Blair
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago,
Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The
University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Paul Latkany
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The
University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ernest Mui
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The
University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Alcibiades Villareal
- Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios
de Alta Tecnología AIP (INDICASAT-AIP), Panama City, Panama
| | - Ambar Perez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios
de Alta Tecnología AIP (INDICASAT-AIP), Panama City, Panama
| | | | | | | | - Morgan Ramirez
- The College, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL,
USA
| | - Cy Chittenden
- The College, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL,
USA
| | - Edward Wang
- The College, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL,
USA
| | | | - Juliana Muñoz-Ortiz
- Grupo de Investigación en Neurociencias,
Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | | | | | - Guillermo Padrieu
- Toxoplasmosis Programs and Initiatives in Panamá,
Panama City, Panama
- Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios
de Alta Tecnología AIP (INDICASAT-AIP), Panama City, Panama
- Grupo de Investigación en Neurociencias,
Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Dan L. Nicolae
- Department of Statistics, The University of Chicago,
Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Andrey Rzhetsky
- Institute for Genomics and Systems Biology, The University
of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Nancy Roizen
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago,
Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Larry Sawers
- Department of Economics, American University, D,
Washington .C, USA
| | - Francois Peyron
- Institut des agents infectieux, Hôpital de la
Croix-Rousse, Lyon, France
| | - Martine Wallon
- Institut des agents infectieux, Hôpital de la
Croix-Rousse, Lyon, France
| | - Emanuelle Chapey
- Institut des agents infectieux, Hôpital de la
Croix-Rousse, Lyon, France
| | - Pauline Levigne
- Institut des agents infectieux, Hôpital de la
Croix-Rousse, Lyon, France
| | | | | | - Jose Montoya
- Remington Specialty Laboratory, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Cindy Press
- Remington Specialty Laboratory, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | | | - Despina Contopoulos-Ioannidis
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious
Diseases, Stanford University College of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yvonne Maldonado
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious
Diseases, Stanford University College of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Carlos Gomez
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious
Diseases, Stanford University College of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kelsey Wheeler
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The
University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- The College, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL,
USA
| | - Samantha Zehar
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine,
Chicago, IL, USA
| | - James McAuley
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The
University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Sandrine Houze
- Laboratory of Parasitologie, Bichat-Claude Bernard
Hopital, Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Abraham
- Laboratory of Parasitologie, Bichat-Claude Bernard
Hopital, Paris, France
| | | | - Vera Tesic
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago,
Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kathleen Beavis
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago,
Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ana Abeleda
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago,
Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mari Sautter
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago,
Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The
University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | | | - Fatima Amarir
- Faculty of Sciences Ain Chock, University Hassan II,
Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Kamal El Bissati
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago,
Chicago, IL, USA
- INH, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Ellen Holfels
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The
University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Richard Penn
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago,
Chicago, IL, USA
| | - William Cohen
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago,
Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The
University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- The College, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL,
USA
| | | | - Gabrielle Britton
- Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios
de Alta Tecnología AIP (INDICASAT-AIP), Panama City, Panama
- Sistema Nacional de investigadores de Panamá
(SNI), Panama City, Panama
| | - Jorge Motta
- Sistema Nacional de investigadores de Panamá
(SNI), Panama City, Panama
- Secretaría Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología
e Innovación (SENACYT), Panama City, Panama
| | - Eduardo Ortega-Barria
- Sistema Nacional de investigadores de Panamá
(SNI), Panama City, Panama
- Secretaría Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología
e Innovación (SENACYT), Panama City, Panama
- GSK Vaccines, Panama City, Panama
| | - Isabel Luz Romero
- Secretaría Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología
e Innovación (SENACYT), Panama City, Panama
| | - Paul Meier
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago,
Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Michael Grigg
- Molecular Parasitology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic
Diseases, National Institutes of Health, NIAID, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jorge Gómez-Marín
- Universidad del Quindío, Armenia, Colombia
- Jorge Gómez-Marín,
, Jagannatha Rao Kosagisharaf,
, Xavier Sáez Llorens,
, Osvaldo Reyes,
, Rima McLeod,
| | - Jagannatha Rao Kosagisharaf
- Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios
de Alta Tecnología AIP (INDICASAT-AIP), Panama City, Panama
- Sistema Nacional de investigadores de Panamá
(SNI), Panama City, Panama
- Jorge Gómez-Marín,
, Jagannatha Rao Kosagisharaf,
, Xavier Sáez Llorens,
, Osvaldo Reyes,
, Rima McLeod,
| | - Xavier Sáez Llorens
- Department of Pediatrics Infectious Diseases/Department of
Neonatology, Hospital del Niño Doctor José Renán Esquivel,
Panama City, Panama
- Sistema Nacional de investigadores de Panamá
(SNI), Panama City, Panama
- Jorge Gómez-Marín,
, Jagannatha Rao Kosagisharaf,
, Xavier Sáez Llorens,
, Osvaldo Reyes,
, Rima McLeod,
| | - Osvaldo Reyes
- Universidad de Panamá, Panama City, Panama
- Hospital Santo Tomás, Panama City, Panama
- Sistema Nacional de investigadores de Panamá
(SNI), Panama City, Panama
- Jorge Gómez-Marín,
, Jagannatha Rao Kosagisharaf,
, Xavier Sáez Llorens,
, Osvaldo Reyes,
, Rima McLeod,
| | - Rima McLeod
- Toxoplasmosis Programs and Initiatives in Panamá,
Panama City, Panama
- Institute for Genomics and Systems Biology, The University
of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago,
Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The
University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- The College, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL,
USA
- The Global Health Center, The University of Chicago,
Chicago, IL, USA
- Toxoplasmosis Center, The University of Chicago, and
Toxoplasmosis Research Institute, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Pediatrics (Infectious Diseases), The
University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Jorge Gómez-Marín,
, Jagannatha Rao Kosagisharaf,
, Xavier Sáez Llorens,
, Osvaldo Reyes,
, Rima McLeod,
| |
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