1
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Dapas M, Thompson EE, Wentworth-Sheilds W, Clay S, Visness CM, Calatroni A, Sordillo JE, Gold DR, Wood RA, Makhija M, Khurana Hershey GK, Sherenian MG, Gruchalla RS, Gill MA, Liu AH, Kim H, Kattan M, Bacharier LB, Rastogi D, Altman MC, Busse WW, Becker PM, Nicolae D, O’Connor GT, Gern JE, Jackson DJ, Ober C. Multi-omic association study identifies DNA methylation-mediated genotype and smoking exposure effects on lung function in children living in urban settings. PLoS Genet 2023; 19:e1010594. [PMID: 36638096 PMCID: PMC9879483 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Impaired lung function in early life is associated with the subsequent development of chronic respiratory disease. Most genetic associations with lung function have been identified in adults of European descent and therefore may not represent those most relevant to pediatric populations and populations of different ancestries. In this study, we performed genome-wide association analyses of lung function in a multiethnic cohort of children (n = 1,035) living in low-income urban neighborhoods. We identified one novel locus at the TDRD9 gene in chromosome 14q32.33 associated with percent predicted forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) (p = 2.4x10-9; βz = -0.31, 95% CI = -0.41- -0.21). Mendelian randomization and mediation analyses revealed that this genetic effect on FEV1 was partially mediated by DNA methylation levels at this locus in airway epithelial cells, which were also associated with environmental tobacco smoke exposure (p = 0.015). Promoter-enhancer interactions in airway epithelial cells revealed chromatin interaction loops between FEV1-associated variants in TDRD9 and the promoter region of the PPP1R13B gene, a stimulator of p53-mediated apoptosis. Expression of PPP1R13B in airway epithelial cells was significantly associated the FEV1 risk alleles (p = 1.3x10-5; β = 0.12, 95% CI = 0.06-0.17). These combined results highlight a potential novel mechanism for reduced lung function in urban youth resulting from both genetics and smoking exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Dapas
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago Illinois, United States of America
| | - Emma E. Thompson
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago Illinois, United States of America
| | | | - Selene Clay
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago Illinois, United States of America
| | | | | | - Joanne E. Sordillo
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Diane R. Gold
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Robert A. Wood
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Melanie Makhija
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Gurjit K. Khurana Hershey
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Michael G. Sherenian
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Rebecca S. Gruchalla
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Michelle A. Gill
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Andrew H. Liu
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, Children’s Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Haejin Kim
- Department of Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Meyer Kattan
- Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Leonard B. Bacharier
- Monroe Carell Jr. Children’s Hospital at Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Deepa Rastogi
- Children’s National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America
| | - Matthew C. Altman
- Department of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - William W. Busse
- Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Patrice M. Becker
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Dan Nicolae
- Department of Statistics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - George T. O’Connor
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - James E. Gern
- Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Daniel J. Jackson
- Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Carole Ober
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago Illinois, United States of America
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2
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Felín MS, Wang K, Raggi C, Moreira A, Pandey A, Grose A, Caballero Z, Rengifo-Herrera C, Ramirez M, Moossazadeh D, Castro C, Montalvo JLS, Leahy K, Zhou Y, Clouser FA, Siddiqui M, Leong N, Goodall P, Michalowski M, Ismail M, Christmas M, Schrantz S, Norero X, Estripeaut D, Ellis D, Ashi K, Dovgin S, Dixon A, Li X, Begeman I, Heichman S, Lykins J, Villalobos-Cerrud D, Fabrega L, Mendivil C, Quijada MR, Fernández-Pirla S, de La Guardia V, Wong D, de LadrónGuevara M, Flores C, Borace J, García A, Caballero N, de Saez MTM, Politis M, Ross S, Dogra M, Dhamsania V, Graves N, Kirchberg M, Mathur K, Aue A, Restrepo CM, Llanes A, Guzman G, Rebollon A, Boyer K, Heydemann P, Noble AG, Swisher C, Rabiah P, Withers S, Hull T, Su C, Blair M, Latkany P, Mui E, Vasconcelos-Santos DV, Villareal A, Perez A, Galvis CAN, Montes MV, Perez NIC, Ramirez M, Chittenden C, Wang E, Garcia-López LL, Muñoz-Ortiz J, Rivera-Valdivia N, Bohorquez-Granados MC, de-la-Torre GC, Padrieu G, Hernandez JDV, Celis-Giraldo D, Acosta Dávila JA, Torres E, Oquendo MM, Arteaga-Rivera JY, Nicolae D, Rzhetsky A, Roizen N, Stillwaggon E, Sawers L, Peyron F, Wallon M, Chapey E, Levigne P, Charter C, De Frias M, Montoya J, Press C, Ramirez R, Contopoulos-Ioannidis D, Maldonado Y, Liesenfeld O, Gomez C, Wheeler K, Holfels E, Frim D, McLone D, Penn R, Cohen W, Zehar S, McAuley J, Limonne D, Houze S, Abraham S, Piarroux R, Tesic V, Beavis K, Abeleda A, Sautter M, El Mansouri B, El Bachir A, Amarir F, El Bissati K, de-la-Torre A, Britton G, Motta J, Ortega-Barria E, Romero IL, Meier P, Grigg M, Gómez-Marín J, Kosagisharaf JR, Llorens XS, Reyes O, McLeod R. Building Programs to Eradicate Toxoplasmosis Part III: Epidemiology and Risk Factors. Curr Pediatr Rep 2022; 10:109-124. [PMID: 37744780 PMCID: PMC10516319 DOI: 10.1007/s40124-022-00265-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of Review Review comprehensive data on rates of toxoplasmosis in Panama and Colombia. Recent Findings Samples and data sets from Panama and Colombia, that facilitated estimates regarding seroprevalence of antibodies to Toxoplasma and risk factors, were reviewed. Summary Screening maps, seroprevalence maps, and risk factor mathematical models were devised based on these data. Studies in Ciudad de Panamá estimated seroprevalence at between 22 and 44%. Consistent relationships were found between higher prevalence rates and factors such as poverty and proximity to water sources. Prenatal screening rates for anti-Toxoplasma antibodies were variable, despite existence of a screening law. Heat maps showed a correlation between proximity to bodies of water and overall Toxoplasma seroprevalence. Spatial epidemiological maps and mathematical models identify specific regions that could most benefit from comprehensive, preventive healthcare campaigns related to congenital toxoplasmosis and Toxoplasma infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kanix Wang
- Institute for Genomics and Systems Biology, The University
of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Catalina Raggi
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago,
Chicago, IL, USA
- Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas Y Servicios
de Alta Tecnología AIP (INDICASAT-AIP), Ciudad de Panamá, Panama
- Department of Pediatrics Infectious Diseases/Department of
Neonatology, Hospital del Niño Doctor José Renán Esquivel,
Ciudad de Panamá, Panama
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The
University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- The College, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL,
USA
- The Global Health Center, The University of Chicago,
Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Aliya Moreira
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago,
Chicago, IL, USA
- The College, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL,
USA
- The Global Health Center, The University of Chicago,
Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Abhinav Pandey
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The
University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- The College, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL,
USA
- The Global Health Center, The University of Chicago,
Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Andrew Grose
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago,
Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Zuleima Caballero
- Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas Y Servicios
de Alta Tecnología AIP (INDICASAT-AIP), Ciudad de Panamá, Panama
| | | | - Margarita Ramirez
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The
University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- The College, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL,
USA
- The Global Health Center, The University of Chicago,
Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Davina Moossazadeh
- The College, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL,
USA
- The Global Health Center, The University of Chicago,
Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Statistics, The University of Chicago,
Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Catherine Castro
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago,
Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The
University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - José Luis Sanchez Montalvo
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The
University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- The College, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL,
USA
| | - Karen Leahy
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago,
Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ying Zhou
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago,
Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Maryam Siddiqui
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago,
Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Nicole Leong
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago,
Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Perpetua Goodall
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago,
Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Morgan Michalowski
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago,
Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mahmoud Ismail
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago,
Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Monica Christmas
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago,
Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Stephen Schrantz
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago,
Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ximena Norero
- Department of Pediatrics Infectious Diseases/Department of
Neonatology, Hospital del Niño Doctor José Renán Esquivel,
Ciudad de Panamá, Panama
| | - Dora Estripeaut
- Department of Pediatrics Infectious Diseases/Department of
Neonatology, Hospital del Niño Doctor José Renán Esquivel,
Ciudad de Panamá, Panama
| | - David Ellis
- Department of Pediatrics Infectious Diseases/Department of
Neonatology, Hospital del Niño Doctor José Renán Esquivel,
Ciudad de Panamá, Panama
| | - Kevin Ashi
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago,
Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Samantha Dovgin
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The
University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- The College, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL,
USA
| | - Ashtyn Dixon
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The
University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Xuan Li
- Rush University Medical School/Rush University Medical
Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ian Begeman
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago,
Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The
University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sharon Heichman
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago,
Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The
University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Joseph Lykins
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago,
Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The
University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Delba Villalobos-Cerrud
- Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas Y Servicios
de Alta Tecnología AIP (INDICASAT-AIP), Ciudad de Panamá, Panama
| | - Lorena Fabrega
- Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas Y Servicios
de Alta Tecnología AIP (INDICASAT-AIP), Ciudad de Panamá, Panama
| | - Connie Mendivil
- Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas Y Servicios
de Alta Tecnología AIP (INDICASAT-AIP), Ciudad de Panamá, Panama
| | - Mario R. Quijada
- Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas Y Servicios
de Alta Tecnología AIP (INDICASAT-AIP), Ciudad de Panamá, Panama
| | - Silvia Fernández-Pirla
- Toxoplasmosis Programs and Initiatives in Panamá,
Ciudad de Panamá, Panama
- Academia Interamericana de Panamá, Ciudad de
Panamá, Panama
| | - Valli de La Guardia
- Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas Y Servicios
de Alta Tecnología AIP (INDICASAT-AIP), Ciudad de Panamá, Panama
| | - Digna Wong
- Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas Y Servicios
de Alta Tecnología AIP (INDICASAT-AIP), Ciudad de Panamá, Panama
| | - Mayrene de LadrónGuevara
- Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas Y Servicios
de Alta Tecnología AIP (INDICASAT-AIP), Ciudad de Panamá, Panama
| | | | | | - Anabel García
- Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas Y Servicios
de Alta Tecnología AIP (INDICASAT-AIP), Ciudad de Panamá, Panama
| | | | - Maria Theresa Moreno de Saez
- Department of Pediatrics Infectious Diseases/Department of
Neonatology, Hospital del Niño Doctor José Renán Esquivel,
Ciudad de Panamá, Panama
| | - Michael Politis
- Toxoplasmosis Programs and Initiatives in Panamá,
Ciudad de Panamá, Panama
| | - Stephanie Ross
- Rush University Medical School/Rush University Medical
Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mimansa Dogra
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The
University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Vishan Dhamsania
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago,
Chicago, IL, USA
- Capstone Program, Global Health Center, The University of
Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Nicholas Graves
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago,
Chicago, IL, USA
- Capstone Program, Global Health Center, The University of
Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Marci Kirchberg
- Capstone Program, Global Health Center, The University of
Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Harris School of Public Policy, The University of
Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kopal Mathur
- Capstone Program, Global Health Center, The University of
Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Harris School of Public Policy, The University of
Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ashley Aue
- Harris School of Public Policy, The University of
Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Carlos M. Restrepo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas Y Servicios
de Alta Tecnología AIP (INDICASAT-AIP), Ciudad de Panamá, Panama
| | - Alejandro Llanes
- Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas Y Servicios
de Alta Tecnología AIP (INDICASAT-AIP), Ciudad de Panamá, Panama
| | - German Guzman
- Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas Y Servicios
de Alta Tecnología AIP (INDICASAT-AIP), Ciudad de Panamá, Panama
| | - Arturo Rebollon
- Sanofi Aventis de Panamá S.A, University of South
Florida, Ciudad de Panamá, Panama
| | - Kenneth Boyer
- Rush University Medical School/Rush University Medical
Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Peter Heydemann
- Rush University Medical School/Rush University Medical
Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - A. Gwendolyn Noble
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The
University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine,
Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Charles Swisher
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine,
Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Shawn Withers
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The
University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Teri Hull
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago,
Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Chunlei Su
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Tennessee,
Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Michael Blair
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago,
Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The
University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Paul Latkany
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The
University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ernest Mui
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The
University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Alcibiades Villareal
- Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas Y Servicios
de Alta Tecnología AIP (INDICASAT-AIP), Ciudad de Panamá, Panama
| | - Ambar Perez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas Y Servicios
de Alta Tecnología AIP (INDICASAT-AIP), Ciudad de Panamá, Panama
| | | | | | | | - Morgan Ramirez
- The College, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL,
USA
| | - Cy Chittenden
- The College, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL,
USA
| | - Edward Wang
- The College, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL,
USA
| | | | - Juliana Muñoz-Ortiz
- Grupo de Investigación en Neurociencias,
Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | | | | | - Guillermo Padrieu
- The University of South Florida College of Public Health,
Tampa, FL, USA
| | | | - Daniel Celis-Giraldo
- Grupo de Investigación en Neurociencias,
Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Elizabeth Torres
- Grupo de Investigación en Neurociencias,
Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | | | - Dan Nicolae
- Department of Statistics, The University of Chicago,
Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Andrey Rzhetsky
- Institute for Genomics and Systems Biology, The University
of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Nancy Roizen
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago,
Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Larry Sawers
- Department of Economics, American University, Washington,
D.C, USA
| | - Francois Peyron
- Institut Des Agents Infectieux, Hôpital de La
Croix-Rousse, Lyon, France
| | - Martine Wallon
- Institut Des Agents Infectieux, Hôpital de La
Croix-Rousse, Lyon, France
| | - Emanuelle Chapey
- Institut Des Agents Infectieux, Hôpital de La
Croix-Rousse, Lyon, France
| | - Pauline Levigne
- Institut Des Agents Infectieux, Hôpital de La
Croix-Rousse, Lyon, France
| | | | | | - Jose Montoya
- Remington Specialty Laboratory, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Cindy Press
- Remington Specialty Laboratory, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | | | - Despina Contopoulos-Ioannidis
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious
Diseases, Stanford University College of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yvonne Maldonado
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious
Diseases, Stanford University College of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Carlos Gomez
- Department of Economics, Gettysburg College, Gettysburg,
PA, USA
| | - Kelsey Wheeler
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The
University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ellen Holfels
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago,
Chicago, IL, USA
| | - David Frim
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago,
Chicago, IL, USA
| | - David McLone
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine,
Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Richard Penn
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago,
Chicago, IL, USA
| | - William Cohen
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago,
Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Samantha Zehar
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine,
Chicago, IL, USA
| | - James McAuley
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The
University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Sandrine Houze
- Laboratory of Parasitologie, Bichat-Claude Bernard
Hopital, Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Abraham
- Laboratory of Parasitologie, Bichat-Claude Bernard
Hopital, Paris, France
| | | | - Vera Tesic
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago,
Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kathleen Beavis
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago,
Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ana Abeleda
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago,
Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mari Sautter
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago,
Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | | | - Fatima Amarir
- Faculty of Sciences Aïn Chok, University Hassan
II, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Kamal El Bissati
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago,
Chicago, IL, USA
- INH, Rabat, Morocco
| | | | - Gabrielle Britton
- Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas Y Servicios
de Alta Tecnología AIP (INDICASAT-AIP), Ciudad de Panamá, Panama
- Sistema Nacional de Investigadores de Panamá
(SNI), Clayton, Panama
| | - Jorge Motta
- Tecnología E Innovación (SENACYT),
Secretaría Nacional de Ciencia, Ciudad de Panamá, Panama
| | - Eduardo Ortega-Barria
- Tecnología E Innovación (SENACYT),
Secretaría Nacional de Ciencia, Ciudad de Panamá, Panama
- GSK Vaccines, Panamá, Panama
| | - Isabel Luz Romero
- Tecnología E Innovación (SENACYT),
Secretaría Nacional de Ciencia, Ciudad de Panamá, Panama
| | - Paul Meier
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago,
Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Michael Grigg
- Molecular Parasitology Section Laboratory of Parasitic
Diseases, National Institutes of Health, NIAID, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Jagannatha Rao Kosagisharaf
- Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas Y Servicios
de Alta Tecnología AIP (INDICASAT-AIP), Ciudad de Panamá, Panama
| | - Xavier Sáez Llorens
- Department of Pediatrics Infectious Diseases/Department of
Neonatology, Hospital del Niño Doctor José Renán Esquivel,
Ciudad de Panamá, Panama
- Sistema Nacional de Investigadores de Panamá
(SNI), Clayton, Panama
| | - Osvaldo Reyes
- Academia Interamericana de Panamá, Ciudad de
Panamá, Panama
- Hospital Santo Tomás, Ciudad de Panamá,
Panama
- Sistema Nacional de Investigadores de Panamá
(SNI), Clayton, Panama
| | - Rima McLeod
- Toxoplasmosis Programs and Initiatives in Panamá,
Ciudad de Panamá, Panama
- Institute for Genomics and Systems Biology, The University
of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago,
Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The
University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- The College, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL,
USA
- The Global Health Center, The University of Chicago,
Chicago, IL, USA
- Toxoplasmosis Center, The University of Chicago, and
Toxoplasmosis Research Institute, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Pediatrics (Infectious Diseases), The
University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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3
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Abstract
Many high dimensional and high-throughput biological datasets have complex sample correlation structures, which include longitudinal and multiple tissue data, as well as data with multiple treatment conditions or related individuals. These data, as well as nearly all high-throughput 'omic' data, are influenced by technical and biological factors unknown to the researcher, which, if unaccounted for, can severely obfuscate estimation of and inference on the effects of interest. We therefore developed CBCV and CorrConf: provably accurate and computationally efficient methods to choose the number of and estimate latent confounding factors present in high dimensional data with correlated or nonexchangeable residuals. We demonstrate each method's superior performance compared to other state of the art methods by analyzing simulated multi-tissue gene expression data and identifying sex-associated DNA methylation sites in a real, longitudinal twin study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dan Nicolae
- Department of Statistics, University of Chicago
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4
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McKennan C, Naughton K, Stanhope C, Kattan M, O’Connor GT, Sandel MT, Visness CM, Wood RA, Bacharier LB, Beigelman A, Lovinsky-Desir S, Togias A, Gern JE, Nicolae D, Ober C. Longitudinal data reveal strong genetic and weak non-genetic components of ethnicity-dependent blood DNA methylation levels. Epigenetics 2021; 16:662-676. [PMID: 32997571 PMCID: PMC8143220 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2020.1817290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic architecture is influenced by genetic and environmental factors, but little is known about their relative contributions or longitudinal dynamics. Here, we studied DNA methylation (DNAm) at over 750,000 CpG sites in mononuclear blood cells collected at birth and age 7 from 196 children of primarily self-reported Black and Hispanic ethnicities to study race-associated DNAm patterns. We developed a novel Bayesian method for high-dimensional longitudinal data and showed that race-associated DNAm patterns at birth and age 7 are nearly identical. Additionally, we estimated that up to 51% of all self-reported race-associated CpGs had race-dependent DNAm levels that were mediated through local genotype and, quite surprisingly, found that genetic factors explained an overwhelming majority of the variation in DNAm levels at other, previously identified, environmentally-associated CpGs. These results indicate that race-associated blood DNAm patterns in particular, and blood DNAm levels in general, are primarily driven by genetic factors, and are not as sensitive to environmental exposures as previously suggested, at least during the first 7 years of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris McKennan
- Department of Statistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Meyer Kattan
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - George T. O’Connor
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Megan T. Sandel
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Robert A. Wood
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Leonard B. Bacharier
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine and St Louis Children’s Hospital, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Avraham Beigelman
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine and St Louis Children’s Hospital, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Alkis Togias
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - James E. Gern
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Dan Nicolae
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Statistics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Carole Ober
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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5
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Abstract
High throughput metabolomics data are fraught with both non-ignorable missing observations and unobserved factors that influence a metabolite's measured concentration, and it is well known that ignoring either of these complications can compromise estimators. However, current methods to analyze these data can only account for the missing data or unobserved factors, but not both. We therefore developed MetabMiss, a statistically rigorous method to account for both non-random missing data and latent factors in high throughput metabolomics data. Our methodology does not require the practitioner specify a likelihood for the missing data, and makes investigating the relationship between the metabolome and tens, or even hundreds, of phenotypes computationally tractable. We demonstrate the fidelity of Metab-Miss's estimates using both simulated and real metabolomics data, and prove their asymptotic correctness when the sample size and number of metabolites grows to infinity.
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6
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McKennan C, Nicolae D. Accounting for unobserved covariates with varying degrees of estimability in high-dimensional biological data. Biometrika 2019; 106:823-840. [PMID: 31754283 DOI: 10.1093/biomet/asz037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
An important phenomenon in high-throughput biological data is the presence of unobserved covariates that can have a significant impact on the measured response. When these covariates are also correlated with the covariate of interest, ignoring or improperly estimating them can lead to inaccurate estimates of and spurious inference on the corresponding coefficients of interest in a multivariate linear model. We first prove that existing methods to account for these unobserved covariates often inflate Type I error for the null hypothesis that a given coefficient of interest is zero. We then provide alternative estimators for the coefficients of interest that correct the inflation, and prove that our estimators are asymptotically equivalent to the ordinary least squares estimators obtained when every covariate is observed. Lastly, we use previously published DNA methylation data to show that our method can more accurately estimate the direct effect of asthma on DNA methylation levels compared to existing methods, the latter of which likely fail to recover and account for latent cell type heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris McKennan
- Department of Statistics, University of Chicago, 5747 S. Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A
| | - Dan Nicolae
- Department of Statistics, University of Chicago, 5747 S. Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A
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8
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Pella S, Mikko H, Nicolae D, Casey C, Shereen C, Janeil P. EP-1977: The importance of immobilization of gynecological applicators in high dose rate brachytherapy. Radiother Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(16)33228-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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9
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Mona L, Arboledas LA, Amiridis V, Amodeo A, Apituley A, Balis D, Comeron A, Iarlori M, Linné H, Nicolae D, Papayannis A, Perrone M, Rizi V, Siomos N, Wandinger U, Wang X, Pappalardo G. EARLINET: 12-year of Aerosol Profiling over Europe. EPJ Web of Conferences 2016. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/201611919002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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10
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Papayannis A, Nicolae D, Kokkalis P, Binietoglou I, Talianu C, Belegante L, Tsaknakis G, Cazacu MM, Vetres I, Ilic L. Optical, size and mass properties of mixed type aerosols in Greece and Romania as observed by synergy of lidar and sunphotometers in combination with model simulations: a case study. Sci Total Environ 2014; 500-501:277-294. [PMID: 25226073 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.08.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A coordinated experimental campaign aiming to study the aerosol optical, size and mass properties was organized in September 2012, in selected sites in Greece and Romania. It was based on the synergy of lidar and sunphotometers. In this paper we focus on a specific campaign period (23-24 September), where mixed type aerosols (Saharan dust, biomass burning and continental) were confined from the Planetary Boundary Layer (PBL) up to 4-4.5 km height. Hourly mean linear depolarization and lidar ratio values were measured inside the dust layers, ranging from 13 to 29 and from 44 to 65sr, respectively, depending on their mixing status and the corresponding air mass pathways over Greece and Romania. During this event the columnar Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) values ranged from 0.13 to 0.26 at 532 nm. The Lidar/Radiometer Inversion Code (LIRIC) and the Polarization Lidar Photometer Networking (POLIPHON) codes were used and inter-compared with regards to the retrieved aerosol (fine and coarse spherical/spheroid) mass concentrations, showing that LIRIC generally overestimates the aerosol mass concentrations, in the case of spherical particles. For non-spherical particles the difference in the retrieved mass concentration profiles from these two codes remained smaller than ±20%. POLIPHON retrievals showed that the non-spherical particles reached concentrations of the order of 100-140 μg/m(3) over Romania compared to 50-75 μg/m(3) over Greece. Finally, the Dust Regional Atmospheric Model (DREAM) model was used to simulate the dust concentrations over the South-Eastern Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Papayannis
- Laser Remote Sensing Unit, Physics Department, National Technical University of Athens, Greece.
| | - D Nicolae
- National Institute of Research and Development for Optoelectronics, Magurele, Romania
| | - P Kokkalis
- Laser Remote Sensing Unit, Physics Department, National Technical University of Athens, Greece
| | - I Binietoglou
- National Institute of Research and Development for Optoelectronics, Magurele, Romania; Istituto di Metodologie per l'Analisi Ambientale CNR-IMAA, Tito Scalo, Potenza, Italy
| | - C Talianu
- National Institute of Research and Development for Optoelectronics, Magurele, Romania
| | - L Belegante
- National Institute of Research and Development for Optoelectronics, Magurele, Romania
| | - G Tsaknakis
- Laser Remote Sensing Unit, Physics Department, National Technical University of Athens, Greece
| | - M M Cazacu
- Al.I.Cuza University of Iasi, Iasi, Romania
| | - I Vetres
- Politechnica University of Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
| | - L Ilic
- Institute of Physics, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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11
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Breton CV, Siegmund KD, Joubert BR, Wang X, Qui W, Carey V, Nystad W, Håberg SE, Ober C, Nicolae D, Barnes KC, Martinez F, Liu A, Lemanske R, Strunk R, Weiss S, London S, Gilliland F, Raby B. Prenatal tobacco smoke exposure is associated with childhood DNA CpG methylation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e99716. [PMID: 24964093 PMCID: PMC4070909 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Smoking while pregnant is associated with a myriad of negative health outcomes in the child. Some of the detrimental effects may be due to epigenetic modifications, although few studies have investigated this hypothesis in detail. Objectives To characterize site-specific epigenetic modifications conferred by prenatal smoking exposure within asthmatic children. Methods Using Illumina HumanMethylation27 microarrays, we estimated the degree of methylation at 27,578 distinct DNA sequences located primarily in gene promoters using whole blood DNA samples from the Childhood Asthma Management Program (CAMP) subset of Asthma BRIDGE childhood asthmatics (n = 527) ages 5–12 with prenatal smoking exposure data available. Using beta-regression, we screened loci for differential methylation related to prenatal smoke exposure, adjusting for gender, age and clinical site, and accounting for multiple comparisons by FDR. Results Of 27,578 loci evaluated, 22,131 (80%) passed quality control assessment and were analyzed. Sixty-five children (12%) had a history of prenatal smoke exposure. At an FDR of 0.05, we identified 19 CpG loci significantly associated with prenatal smoke, of which two replicated in two independent populations. Exposure was associated with a 2% increase in mean CpG methylation in FRMD4A (p = 0.01) and Cllorf52 (p = 0.001) compared to no exposure. Four additional genes, XPNPEP1, PPEF2, SMPD3 and CRYGN, were nominally associated in at least one replication group. Conclusions These data suggest that prenatal exposure to tobacco smoke is associated with reproducible epigenetic changes that persist well into childhood. However, the biological significance of these altered loci remains unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie V. Breton
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Kimberly D. Siegmund
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Bonnie R. Joubert
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Dept of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Xinhui Wang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Weiliang Qui
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Vincent Carey
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | | | | | - Carole Ober
- University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Dan Nicolae
- University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | | | - Fernando Martinez
- Arizona Respiratory Center, University of Arizona, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Andy Liu
- National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Robert Lemanske
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Robert Strunk
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Montana, United States of America
| | - Scott Weiss
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Stephanie London
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Dept of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Frank Gilliland
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Benjamin Raby
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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12
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Sharma S, Zhou X, Thibault DM, Himes BE, Liu A, Szefler SJ, Strunk R, Castro M, Hansel NN, Diette GB, Vonakis BM, Adkinson NF, Avila L, Soto-Quiros M, Barraza-Villareal A, Lemanske RF, Solway J, Krishnan J, White SR, Cheadle C, Berger AE, Fan J, Boorgula MP, Nicolae D, Gilliland F, Barnes K, London SJ, Martinez F, Ober C, Celedón JC, Carey VJ, Weiss ST, Raby BA. A genome-wide survey of CD4(+) lymphocyte regulatory genetic variants identifies novel asthma genes. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2014; 134:1153-62. [PMID: 24934276 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Revised: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genome-wide association studies have yet to identify the majority of genetic variants involved in asthma. We hypothesized that expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) mapping can identify novel asthma genes by enabling prioritization of putative functional variants for association testing. OBJECTIVE We evaluated 6706 cis-acting expression-associated variants (eSNPs) identified through a genome-wide eQTL survey of CD4(+) lymphocytes for association with asthma. METHODS eSNPs were tested for association with asthma in 359 asthmatic patients and 846 control subjects from the Childhood Asthma Management Program, with verification by using family-based testing. Significant associations were tested for replication in 579 parent-child trios with asthma from Costa Rica. Further functional validation was performed by using formaldehyde-assisted isolation of regulatory elements (FAIRE) quantitative PCR and chromatin immunoprecipitation PCR in lung-derived epithelial cell lines (Beas-2B and A549) and Jurkat cells, a leukemia cell line derived from T lymphocytes. RESULTS Cis-acting eSNPs demonstrated associations with asthma in both cohorts. We confirmed the previously reported association of ORMDL3/GSDMB variants with asthma (combined P = 2.9 × 10(-8)). Reproducible associations were also observed for eSNPs in 3 additional genes: fatty acid desaturase 2 (FADS2; P = .002), N-acetyl-α-D-galactosaminidase (NAGA; P = .0002), and Factor XIII, A1 (F13A1; P = .0001). Subsequently, we demonstrated that FADS2 mRNA is increased in CD4(+) lymphocytes in asthmatic patients and that the associated eSNPs reside within DNA segments with histone modifications that denote open chromatin status and confer enhancer activity. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate the utility of eQTL mapping in the identification of novel asthma genes and provide evidence for the importance of FADS2, NAGA, and F13A1 in the pathogenesis of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunita Sharma
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass.
| | - Xiaobo Zhou
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - Derek M Thibault
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Blanca E Himes
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Andy Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo
| | | | - Robert Strunk
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo
| | - Mario Castro
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo
| | - Nadia N Hansel
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md
| | - Gregory B Diette
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md
| | - Becky M Vonakis
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md
| | - N Franklin Adkinson
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md
| | | | | | - Albino Barraza-Villareal
- National Institute of Public Health of Mexico, Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gomez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Robert F Lemanske
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis
| | - Julian Solway
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill
| | - Jerry Krishnan
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois Hospital and Health Sciences System, Chicago, Ill
| | - Steven R White
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill
| | - Chris Cheadle
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md
| | - Alan E Berger
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md
| | - Jinshui Fan
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md
| | | | - Dan Nicolae
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill
| | - Frank Gilliland
- Division of Environmental and Occupational Health, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Calif
| | - Kathleen Barnes
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md
| | - Stephanie J London
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC
| | | | - Carole Ober
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill
| | - Juan C Celedón
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Vincent J Carey
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Scott T Weiss
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Benjamin A Raby
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass
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13
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Ahsan H, Halpern J, Kibriya MG, Pierce BL, Tong L, Gamazon E, McGuire V, Felberg A, Shi J, Jasmine F, Roy S, Brutus R, Argos M, Melkonian S, Chang-Claude J, Andrulis I, Hopper JL, John EM, Malone K, Ursin G, Gammon MD, Thomas DC, Seminara D, Casey G, Knight JA, Southey MC, Giles GG, Santella RM, Lee E, Conti D, Duggan D, Gallinger S, Haile R, Jenkins M, Lindor NM, Newcomb P, Michailidou K, Apicella C, Park DJ, Peto J, Fletcher O, Silva IDS, Lathrop M, Hunter DJ, Chanock SJ, Meindl A, Schmutzler RK, Müller-Myhsok B, Lochmann M, Beckmann L, Hein R, Makalic E, Schmidt DF, Bui QM, Stone J, Flesch-Janys D, Dahmen N, Nevanlinna H, Aittomäki K, Blomqvist C, Hall P, Czene K, Irwanto A, Liu J, Rahman N, Turnbull C, Dunning AM, Pharoah P, Waisfisz Q, Meijers-Heijboer H, Uitterlinden AG, Rivadeneira F, Nicolae D, Easton DF, Cox NJ, Whittemore AS. A genome-wide association study of early-onset breast cancer identifies PFKM as a novel breast cancer gene and supports a common genetic spectrum for breast cancer at any age. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2014; 23:658-69. [PMID: 24493630 PMCID: PMC3990360 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-13-0340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Early-onset breast cancer (EOBC) causes substantial loss of life and productivity, creating a major burden among women worldwide. We analyzed 1,265,548 Hapmap3 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) among a discovery set of 3,523 EOBC incident cases and 2,702 population control women ages ≤ 51 years. The SNPs with smallest P values were examined in a replication set of 3,470 EOBC cases and 5,475 control women. We also tested EOBC association with 19,684 genes by annotating each gene with putative functional SNPs, and then combining their P values to obtain a gene-based P value. We examined the gene with smallest P value for replication in 1,145 breast cancer cases and 1,142 control women. The combined discovery and replication sets identified 72 new SNPs associated with EOBC (P < 4 × 10(-8)) located in six genomic regions previously reported to contain SNPs associated largely with later-onset breast cancer (LOBC). SNP rs2229882 and 10 other SNPs on chromosome 5q11.2 remained associated (P < 6 × 10(-4)) after adjustment for the strongest published SNPs in the region. Thirty-two of the 82 currently known LOBC SNPs were associated with EOBC (P < 0.05). Low power is likely responsible for the remaining 50 unassociated known LOBC SNPs. The gene-based analysis identified an association between breast cancer and the phosphofructokinase-muscle (PFKM) gene on chromosome 12q13.11 that met the genome-wide gene-based threshold of 2.5 × 10(-6). In conclusion, EOBC and LOBC seem to have similar genetic etiologies; the 5q11.2 region may contain multiple distinct breast cancer loci; and the PFKM gene region is worthy of further investigation. These findings should enhance our understanding of the etiology of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habibul Ahsan
- Center for Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Departments of Health Studies, University of Chicago, IL
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, IL
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, IL
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Chicago, IL
| | - Jerry Halpern
- Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Muhammad G Kibriya
- Center for Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Departments of Health Studies, University of Chicago, IL
| | - Brandon L Pierce
- Center for Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Departments of Health Studies, University of Chicago, IL
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Chicago, IL
| | - Lin Tong
- Center for Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Departments of Health Studies, University of Chicago, IL
| | - Eric Gamazon
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, IL
| | - Valerie McGuire
- Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Anna Felberg
- Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Jianxin Shi
- Epidemiology and Genetics Research Program, National Cancer Institute, MD
| | - Farzana Jasmine
- Center for Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Departments of Health Studies, University of Chicago, IL
| | - Shantanu Roy
- Center for Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Departments of Health Studies, University of Chicago, IL
| | - Rachelle Brutus
- Center for Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Departments of Health Studies, University of Chicago, IL
| | - Maria Argos
- Center for Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Departments of Health Studies, University of Chicago, IL
| | - Stephanie Melkonian
- Center for Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Departments of Health Studies, University of Chicago, IL
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Irene Andrulis
- Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto Ontario
| | - John L Hopper
- Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic, and Analytic Epidemiology, Melbourne School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Esther M. John
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA and Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA
| | - Kathi Malone
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | | | - Marilie D Gammon
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Duncan C Thomas
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, CA
| | - Daniela Seminara
- Epidemiology and Genetics Research Program, National Cancer Institute, MD
| | - Graham Casey
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, CA
| | - Julia A Knight
- Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto Ontario
| | - Melissa C Southey
- Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic, and Analytic Epidemiology, Melbourne School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Australia
- Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Graham G Giles
- Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic, and Analytic Epidemiology, Melbourne School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Australia
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, The Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Regina M Santella
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health
| | - Eunjung Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, CA
| | - David Conti
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, CA
| | - David Duggan
- Integrated Cancer Genomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Steve Gallinger
- Zane Cohen Centre for Digestive Diseases, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert Haile
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, CA
| | - Mark Jenkins
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, The Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Noralane M Lindor
- Department of Health Science Research, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Polly Newcomb
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Kyriaki Michailidou
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Carmel Apicella
- Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic, and Analytic Epidemiology, Melbourne School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Daniel J Park
- Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Julian Peto
- Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Olivia Fletcher
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Isabel dos Santos Silva
- Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Mark Lathrop
- Centre National de Genotypage, Evry, France
- Fondation Jean Dausset – CEPH, Paris, France
| | - David J Hunter
- Program in Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Stephen J Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Alfons Meindl
- Clinic of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Division for Gynaecological Tumor-Genetics, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Rita K Schmutzler
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Division of Molecular Gynaeco-Oncology, University of Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Magdalena Lochmann
- Clinic of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Division for Gynaecological Tumor-Genetics, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Lars Beckmann
- Foundation for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care IQWIG, Cologne, Germany
| | - Rebecca Hein
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- PMV Research Group at the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Enes Makalic
- Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic, and Analytic Epidemiology, Melbourne School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Daniel F Schmidt
- Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic, and Analytic Epidemiology, Melbourne School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Quang Minh Bui
- Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic, and Analytic Epidemiology, Melbourne School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jennifer Stone
- Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic, and Analytic Epidemiology, Melbourne School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Dieter Flesch-Janys
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology/Clinical Cancer Registry, University Clinic Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Institute for Medical Biometrics and Epidemiology, University Clinic Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Norbert Dahmen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Heli Nevanlinna
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kristiina Aittomäki
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Carl Blomqvist
- Department of Oncology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Per Hall
- Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
| | - Kamila Czene
- Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
| | - Astrid Irwanto
- Human Genetics Division, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Human Genetics Division, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Nazneen Rahman
- Section of Cancer Genetics, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, UK
| | - Clare Turnbull
- Section of Cancer Genetics, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, UK
| | - Alison M. Dunning
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Paul Pharoah
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Quinten Waisfisz
- Department of Clinical Genetics, VU University Medical Center, section Oncogenetics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hanne Meijers-Heijboer
- Department of Clinical Genetics, VU University Medical Center, section Oncogenetics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andre G. Uitterlinden
- Department of Internal Medicine and Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- Department of Internal Medicine and Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dan Nicolae
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, IL
| | - Douglas F Easton
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nancy J Cox
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, IL
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, IL
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Chicago, IL
| | - Alice S Whittemore
- Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Palo Alto, CA
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15
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Blair DR, Lyttle CS, Mortensen JM, Bearden CF, Jensen AB, Khiabanian H, Melamed R, Rabadan R, Bernstam EV, Brunak S, Jensen LJ, Nicolae D, Shah NH, Grossman RL, Cox NJ, White KP, Rzhetsky A. A nondegenerate code of deleterious variants in Mendelian loci contributes to complex disease risk. Cell 2013; 155:70-80. [PMID: 24074861 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2013.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Revised: 03/30/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Although countless highly penetrant variants have been associated with Mendelian disorders, the genetic etiologies underlying complex diseases remain largely unresolved. By mining the medical records of over 110 million patients, we examine the extent to which Mendelian variation contributes to complex disease risk. We detect thousands of associations between Mendelian and complex diseases, revealing a nondegenerate, phenotypic code that links each complex disorder to a unique collection of Mendelian loci. Using genome-wide association results, we demonstrate that common variants associated with complex diseases are enriched in the genes indicated by this "Mendelian code." Finally, we detect hundreds of comorbidity associations among Mendelian disorders, and we use probabilistic genetic modeling to demonstrate that Mendelian variants likely contribute nonadditively to the risk for a subset of complex diseases. Overall, this study illustrates a complementary approach for mapping complex disease loci and provides unique predictions concerning the etiologies of specific diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Blair
- Committee on Genetics, Genomics, and Systems Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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16
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Hernandez W, Gamazon ER, Aquino-Michaels K, Patel S, O'Brien TJ, Harralson AF, Kittles RA, Barbour A, Tuck M, McIntosh SD, Douglas JN, Nicolae D, Cavallari LH, Perera MA. Ethnicity-specific pharmacogenetics: the case of warfarin in African Americans. Pharmacogenomics J 2013; 14:223-8. [PMID: 24018621 DOI: 10.1038/tpj.2013.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Revised: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Using a derivation cohort (N=349), we developed the first warfarin dosing algorithm that includes recently discovered polymorphisms in VKORC1 and CYP2C9 associated with warfarin dose requirement in African Americans (AAs). We tested our novel algorithm in an independent cohort of 129 AAs and compared the dose prediction to the International Warfarin Pharmacogenetics Consortium (IWPC) dosing algorithms. Our algorithm explains more of the phenotypic variation (R(2)=0.27) than the IWPC pharmacogenomics (R(2)=0.15) or clinical (R(2)=0.16) algorithms. Among high-dose patients, our algorithm predicted a higher proportion of patients within 20% of stable warfarin dose (45% vs 29% and 2% in the IWPC pharmacogenomics and clinical algorithms, respectively). In contrast to our novel algorithm, a significant inverse correlation between predicted dose and percent West African ancestry was observed for the IWPC pharmacogenomics algorithm among patients requiring ⩾60 mg per week (β=-2.04, P=0.02).
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Affiliation(s)
- W Hernandez
- Department of Medicine, Section of Genetic Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - E R Gamazon
- Department of Medicine, Section of Genetic Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - K Aquino-Michaels
- Department of Medicine, Section of Genetic Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - S Patel
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - T J O'Brien
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, The George Washington University, Washington DC, USA
| | - A F Harralson
- 1] Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, The George Washington University, Washington DC, USA [2] Department of Pharmacogenomics, Bernard J. Dunn School of Pharmacy, Shenandoah University, Ashburn, VA, USA
| | - R A Kittles
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - A Barbour
- Department of Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington DC, USA
| | - M Tuck
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Washington DC, USA
| | - S D McIntosh
- 1] Department of Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington DC, USA [2] Department of Veterans Affairs, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Washington DC, USA
| | - J N Douglas
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Washington DC, USA
| | - D Nicolae
- Department of Medicine, Section of Genetic Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - L H Cavallari
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - M A Perera
- Department of Medicine, Section of Genetic Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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17
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Noth I, Zhang Y, Ma SF, Flores C, Barber M, Huang Y, Broderick SM, Wade MS, Hysi P, Scuirba J, Richards TJ, Juan-Guardela BM, Vij R, Han MK, Martinez FJ, Kossen K, Seiwert SD, Christie JD, Nicolae D, Kaminski N, Garcia JGN. Genetic variants associated with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis susceptibility and mortality: a genome-wide association study. Lancet Respir Med 2013; 1:309-317. [PMID: 24429156 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-2600(13)70045-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 394] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a devastating disease that probably involves several genetic loci. Several rare genetic variants and one common single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of MUC5B have been associated with the disease. Our aim was to identify additional common variants associated with susceptibility and ultimately mortality in IPF. METHODS First, we did a three-stage genome-wide association study (GWAS): stage one was a discovery GWAS; and stages two and three were independent case-control studies. DNA samples from European-American patients with IPF meeting standard criteria were obtained from several US centres for each stage. Data for European-American control individuals for stage one were gathered from the database of genotypes and phenotypes; additional control individuals were recruited at the University of Pittsburgh to increase the number. For controls in stages two and three, we gathered data for additional sex-matched European-American control individuals who had been recruited in another study. DNA samples from patients and from control individuals were genotyped to identify SNPs associated with IPF. SNPs identified in stage one were carried forward to stage two, and those that achieved genome-wide significance (p<5 × 10(-8)) in a meta-analysis were carried forward to stage three. Three case series with follow-up data were selected from stages one and two of the GWAS using samples with follow-up data. Mortality analyses were done in these case series to assess the SNPs associated with IPF that had achieved genome-wide significance in the meta-analysis of stages one and two. Finally, we obtained gene-expression profiling data for lungs of patients with IPF from the Lung Genomics Research Consortium and analysed correlation with SNP genotypes. FINDINGS In stage one of the GWAS (542 patients with IPF, 542 control individuals matched one-by-one to cases by genetic ancestry estimates), we identified 20 loci. Six SNPs reached genome-wide significance in stage two (544 patients, 687 control individuals): three TOLLIP SNPs (rs111521887, rs5743894, rs5743890) and one MUC5B SNP (rs35705950) at 11p15.5; one MDGA2 SNP (rs7144383) at 14q21.3; and one SPPL2C SNP (rs17690703) at 17q21.31. Stage three (324 patients, 702 control individuals) confirmed the associations for all these SNPs, except for rs7144383. Linkage disequilibrium between the MUC5B SNP (rs35705950) and TOLLIP SNPs (rs111521887 [r(2)=0·07], rs5743894 [r(2)=0·16], and rs5743890 [r(2)=0·01]) was low. 683 patients from the GWAS were included in the mortality analysis. Individuals who developed IPF despite having the protective TOLLIP minor allele of rs5743890 carried an increased mortality risk (meta-analysis with fixed-effect model: hazard ratio 1·72 [95% CI 1·24-2·38]; p=0·0012). TOLLIP expression was decreased by 20% in individuals carrying the minor allele of rs5743890 (p=0·097), 40% in those with the minor allele of rs111521887 (p=3·0 × 10(-4)), and 50% in those with the minor allele of rs5743894 (p=2·93 × 10(-5)) compared with homozygous carriers of common alleles for these SNPs. INTERPRETATION Novel variants in TOLLIP and SPPL2C are associated with IPF susceptibility. One novel variant of TOLLIP, rs5743890, is also associated with mortality. These associations and the reduced expression of TOLLIP in patients with IPF who carry TOLLIP SNPs emphasise the importance of this gene in the disease. FUNDING National Institutes of Health; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; Pulmonary Fibrosis Foundation; Coalition for Pulmonary Fibrosis; and Instituto de Salud Carlos III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imre Noth
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (Prof I Noth MD, S-F Ma PhD, M Barber PhD, Y Huang MS, S M Broderick BS, R Vij MD) and Section of Genetic Medicine (Prof D Nicolae PhD), University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Dorothy P and Richard P Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA (Y Zhang PhD, J Scuirba BS, T J Richards PhD, B M Juan-Guardela MD, Prof N Kaminski MD); CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain (C Flores PhD); Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Tenerife, Spain (C Flores); Institute for Personalized Respiratory Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA (M S Wade MS, Prof J G N Garcia MD); Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK (P Hysi PhD); Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA (M K Han MD, Prof F J Martinez MD); InterMune, Brisbane, CA, USA (K Kossen PhD, S D Seiwert PhD); and Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Division, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Pennsylvania, PA, USA (J D Christie MD)
| | - Yingze Zhang
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (Prof I Noth MD, S-F Ma PhD, M Barber PhD, Y Huang MS, S M Broderick BS, R Vij MD) and Section of Genetic Medicine (Prof D Nicolae PhD), University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Dorothy P and Richard P Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA (Y Zhang PhD, J Scuirba BS, T J Richards PhD, B M Juan-Guardela MD, Prof N Kaminski MD); CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain (C Flores PhD); Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Tenerife, Spain (C Flores); Institute for Personalized Respiratory Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA (M S Wade MS, Prof J G N Garcia MD); Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK (P Hysi PhD); Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA (M K Han MD, Prof F J Martinez MD); InterMune, Brisbane, CA, USA (K Kossen PhD, S D Seiwert PhD); and Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Division, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Pennsylvania, PA, USA (J D Christie MD)
| | - Shwu-Fan Ma
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (Prof I Noth MD, S-F Ma PhD, M Barber PhD, Y Huang MS, S M Broderick BS, R Vij MD) and Section of Genetic Medicine (Prof D Nicolae PhD), University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Dorothy P and Richard P Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA (Y Zhang PhD, J Scuirba BS, T J Richards PhD, B M Juan-Guardela MD, Prof N Kaminski MD); CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain (C Flores PhD); Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Tenerife, Spain (C Flores); Institute for Personalized Respiratory Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA (M S Wade MS, Prof J G N Garcia MD); Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK (P Hysi PhD); Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA (M K Han MD, Prof F J Martinez MD); InterMune, Brisbane, CA, USA (K Kossen PhD, S D Seiwert PhD); and Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Division, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Pennsylvania, PA, USA (J D Christie MD)
| | - Carlos Flores
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (Prof I Noth MD, S-F Ma PhD, M Barber PhD, Y Huang MS, S M Broderick BS, R Vij MD) and Section of Genetic Medicine (Prof D Nicolae PhD), University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Dorothy P and Richard P Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA (Y Zhang PhD, J Scuirba BS, T J Richards PhD, B M Juan-Guardela MD, Prof N Kaminski MD); CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain (C Flores PhD); Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Tenerife, Spain (C Flores); Institute for Personalized Respiratory Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA (M S Wade MS, Prof J G N Garcia MD); Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK (P Hysi PhD); Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA (M K Han MD, Prof F J Martinez MD); InterMune, Brisbane, CA, USA (K Kossen PhD, S D Seiwert PhD); and Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Division, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Pennsylvania, PA, USA (J D Christie MD)
| | - Mathew Barber
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (Prof I Noth MD, S-F Ma PhD, M Barber PhD, Y Huang MS, S M Broderick BS, R Vij MD) and Section of Genetic Medicine (Prof D Nicolae PhD), University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Dorothy P and Richard P Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA (Y Zhang PhD, J Scuirba BS, T J Richards PhD, B M Juan-Guardela MD, Prof N Kaminski MD); CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain (C Flores PhD); Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Tenerife, Spain (C Flores); Institute for Personalized Respiratory Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA (M S Wade MS, Prof J G N Garcia MD); Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK (P Hysi PhD); Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA (M K Han MD, Prof F J Martinez MD); InterMune, Brisbane, CA, USA (K Kossen PhD, S D Seiwert PhD); and Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Division, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Pennsylvania, PA, USA (J D Christie MD)
| | - Yong Huang
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (Prof I Noth MD, S-F Ma PhD, M Barber PhD, Y Huang MS, S M Broderick BS, R Vij MD) and Section of Genetic Medicine (Prof D Nicolae PhD), University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Dorothy P and Richard P Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA (Y Zhang PhD, J Scuirba BS, T J Richards PhD, B M Juan-Guardela MD, Prof N Kaminski MD); CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain (C Flores PhD); Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Tenerife, Spain (C Flores); Institute for Personalized Respiratory Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA (M S Wade MS, Prof J G N Garcia MD); Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK (P Hysi PhD); Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA (M K Han MD, Prof F J Martinez MD); InterMune, Brisbane, CA, USA (K Kossen PhD, S D Seiwert PhD); and Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Division, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Pennsylvania, PA, USA (J D Christie MD)
| | - Steven M Broderick
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (Prof I Noth MD, S-F Ma PhD, M Barber PhD, Y Huang MS, S M Broderick BS, R Vij MD) and Section of Genetic Medicine (Prof D Nicolae PhD), University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Dorothy P and Richard P Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA (Y Zhang PhD, J Scuirba BS, T J Richards PhD, B M Juan-Guardela MD, Prof N Kaminski MD); CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain (C Flores PhD); Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Tenerife, Spain (C Flores); Institute for Personalized Respiratory Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA (M S Wade MS, Prof J G N Garcia MD); Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK (P Hysi PhD); Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA (M K Han MD, Prof F J Martinez MD); InterMune, Brisbane, CA, USA (K Kossen PhD, S D Seiwert PhD); and Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Division, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Pennsylvania, PA, USA (J D Christie MD)
| | - Michael S Wade
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (Prof I Noth MD, S-F Ma PhD, M Barber PhD, Y Huang MS, S M Broderick BS, R Vij MD) and Section of Genetic Medicine (Prof D Nicolae PhD), University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Dorothy P and Richard P Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA (Y Zhang PhD, J Scuirba BS, T J Richards PhD, B M Juan-Guardela MD, Prof N Kaminski MD); CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain (C Flores PhD); Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Tenerife, Spain (C Flores); Institute for Personalized Respiratory Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA (M S Wade MS, Prof J G N Garcia MD); Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK (P Hysi PhD); Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA (M K Han MD, Prof F J Martinez MD); InterMune, Brisbane, CA, USA (K Kossen PhD, S D Seiwert PhD); and Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Division, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Pennsylvania, PA, USA (J D Christie MD)
| | - Pirro Hysi
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (Prof I Noth MD, S-F Ma PhD, M Barber PhD, Y Huang MS, S M Broderick BS, R Vij MD) and Section of Genetic Medicine (Prof D Nicolae PhD), University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Dorothy P and Richard P Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA (Y Zhang PhD, J Scuirba BS, T J Richards PhD, B M Juan-Guardela MD, Prof N Kaminski MD); CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain (C Flores PhD); Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Tenerife, Spain (C Flores); Institute for Personalized Respiratory Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA (M S Wade MS, Prof J G N Garcia MD); Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK (P Hysi PhD); Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA (M K Han MD, Prof F J Martinez MD); InterMune, Brisbane, CA, USA (K Kossen PhD, S D Seiwert PhD); and Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Division, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Pennsylvania, PA, USA (J D Christie MD)
| | - Joseph Scuirba
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (Prof I Noth MD, S-F Ma PhD, M Barber PhD, Y Huang MS, S M Broderick BS, R Vij MD) and Section of Genetic Medicine (Prof D Nicolae PhD), University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Dorothy P and Richard P Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA (Y Zhang PhD, J Scuirba BS, T J Richards PhD, B M Juan-Guardela MD, Prof N Kaminski MD); CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain (C Flores PhD); Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Tenerife, Spain (C Flores); Institute for Personalized Respiratory Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA (M S Wade MS, Prof J G N Garcia MD); Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK (P Hysi PhD); Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA (M K Han MD, Prof F J Martinez MD); InterMune, Brisbane, CA, USA (K Kossen PhD, S D Seiwert PhD); and Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Division, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Pennsylvania, PA, USA (J D Christie MD)
| | - Thomas J Richards
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (Prof I Noth MD, S-F Ma PhD, M Barber PhD, Y Huang MS, S M Broderick BS, R Vij MD) and Section of Genetic Medicine (Prof D Nicolae PhD), University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Dorothy P and Richard P Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA (Y Zhang PhD, J Scuirba BS, T J Richards PhD, B M Juan-Guardela MD, Prof N Kaminski MD); CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain (C Flores PhD); Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Tenerife, Spain (C Flores); Institute for Personalized Respiratory Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA (M S Wade MS, Prof J G N Garcia MD); Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK (P Hysi PhD); Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA (M K Han MD, Prof F J Martinez MD); InterMune, Brisbane, CA, USA (K Kossen PhD, S D Seiwert PhD); and Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Division, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Pennsylvania, PA, USA (J D Christie MD)
| | - Brenda M Juan-Guardela
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (Prof I Noth MD, S-F Ma PhD, M Barber PhD, Y Huang MS, S M Broderick BS, R Vij MD) and Section of Genetic Medicine (Prof D Nicolae PhD), University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Dorothy P and Richard P Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA (Y Zhang PhD, J Scuirba BS, T J Richards PhD, B M Juan-Guardela MD, Prof N Kaminski MD); CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain (C Flores PhD); Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Tenerife, Spain (C Flores); Institute for Personalized Respiratory Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA (M S Wade MS, Prof J G N Garcia MD); Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK (P Hysi PhD); Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA (M K Han MD, Prof F J Martinez MD); InterMune, Brisbane, CA, USA (K Kossen PhD, S D Seiwert PhD); and Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Division, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Pennsylvania, PA, USA (J D Christie MD)
| | - Rekha Vij
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (Prof I Noth MD, S-F Ma PhD, M Barber PhD, Y Huang MS, S M Broderick BS, R Vij MD) and Section of Genetic Medicine (Prof D Nicolae PhD), University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Dorothy P and Richard P Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA (Y Zhang PhD, J Scuirba BS, T J Richards PhD, B M Juan-Guardela MD, Prof N Kaminski MD); CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain (C Flores PhD); Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Tenerife, Spain (C Flores); Institute for Personalized Respiratory Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA (M S Wade MS, Prof J G N Garcia MD); Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK (P Hysi PhD); Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA (M K Han MD, Prof F J Martinez MD); InterMune, Brisbane, CA, USA (K Kossen PhD, S D Seiwert PhD); and Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Division, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Pennsylvania, PA, USA (J D Christie MD)
| | - MeiLan K Han
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (Prof I Noth MD, S-F Ma PhD, M Barber PhD, Y Huang MS, S M Broderick BS, R Vij MD) and Section of Genetic Medicine (Prof D Nicolae PhD), University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Dorothy P and Richard P Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA (Y Zhang PhD, J Scuirba BS, T J Richards PhD, B M Juan-Guardela MD, Prof N Kaminski MD); CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain (C Flores PhD); Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Tenerife, Spain (C Flores); Institute for Personalized Respiratory Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA (M S Wade MS, Prof J G N Garcia MD); Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK (P Hysi PhD); Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA (M K Han MD, Prof F J Martinez MD); InterMune, Brisbane, CA, USA (K Kossen PhD, S D Seiwert PhD); and Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Division, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Pennsylvania, PA, USA (J D Christie MD)
| | - Fernando J Martinez
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (Prof I Noth MD, S-F Ma PhD, M Barber PhD, Y Huang MS, S M Broderick BS, R Vij MD) and Section of Genetic Medicine (Prof D Nicolae PhD), University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Dorothy P and Richard P Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA (Y Zhang PhD, J Scuirba BS, T J Richards PhD, B M Juan-Guardela MD, Prof N Kaminski MD); CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain (C Flores PhD); Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Tenerife, Spain (C Flores); Institute for Personalized Respiratory Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA (M S Wade MS, Prof J G N Garcia MD); Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK (P Hysi PhD); Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA (M K Han MD, Prof F J Martinez MD); InterMune, Brisbane, CA, USA (K Kossen PhD, S D Seiwert PhD); and Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Division, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Pennsylvania, PA, USA (J D Christie MD)
| | - Karl Kossen
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (Prof I Noth MD, S-F Ma PhD, M Barber PhD, Y Huang MS, S M Broderick BS, R Vij MD) and Section of Genetic Medicine (Prof D Nicolae PhD), University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Dorothy P and Richard P Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA (Y Zhang PhD, J Scuirba BS, T J Richards PhD, B M Juan-Guardela MD, Prof N Kaminski MD); CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain (C Flores PhD); Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Tenerife, Spain (C Flores); Institute for Personalized Respiratory Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA (M S Wade MS, Prof J G N Garcia MD); Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK (P Hysi PhD); Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA (M K Han MD, Prof F J Martinez MD); InterMune, Brisbane, CA, USA (K Kossen PhD, S D Seiwert PhD); and Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Division, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Pennsylvania, PA, USA (J D Christie MD)
| | - Scott D Seiwert
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (Prof I Noth MD, S-F Ma PhD, M Barber PhD, Y Huang MS, S M Broderick BS, R Vij MD) and Section of Genetic Medicine (Prof D Nicolae PhD), University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Dorothy P and Richard P Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA (Y Zhang PhD, J Scuirba BS, T J Richards PhD, B M Juan-Guardela MD, Prof N Kaminski MD); CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain (C Flores PhD); Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Tenerife, Spain (C Flores); Institute for Personalized Respiratory Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA (M S Wade MS, Prof J G N Garcia MD); Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK (P Hysi PhD); Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA (M K Han MD, Prof F J Martinez MD); InterMune, Brisbane, CA, USA (K Kossen PhD, S D Seiwert PhD); and Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Division, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Pennsylvania, PA, USA (J D Christie MD)
| | - Jason D Christie
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (Prof I Noth MD, S-F Ma PhD, M Barber PhD, Y Huang MS, S M Broderick BS, R Vij MD) and Section of Genetic Medicine (Prof D Nicolae PhD), University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Dorothy P and Richard P Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA (Y Zhang PhD, J Scuirba BS, T J Richards PhD, B M Juan-Guardela MD, Prof N Kaminski MD); CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain (C Flores PhD); Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Tenerife, Spain (C Flores); Institute for Personalized Respiratory Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA (M S Wade MS, Prof J G N Garcia MD); Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK (P Hysi PhD); Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA (M K Han MD, Prof F J Martinez MD); InterMune, Brisbane, CA, USA (K Kossen PhD, S D Seiwert PhD); and Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Division, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Pennsylvania, PA, USA (J D Christie MD)
| | - Dan Nicolae
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (Prof I Noth MD, S-F Ma PhD, M Barber PhD, Y Huang MS, S M Broderick BS, R Vij MD) and Section of Genetic Medicine (Prof D Nicolae PhD), University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Dorothy P and Richard P Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA (Y Zhang PhD, J Scuirba BS, T J Richards PhD, B M Juan-Guardela MD, Prof N Kaminski MD); CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain (C Flores PhD); Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Tenerife, Spain (C Flores); Institute for Personalized Respiratory Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA (M S Wade MS, Prof J G N Garcia MD); Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK (P Hysi PhD); Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA (M K Han MD, Prof F J Martinez MD); InterMune, Brisbane, CA, USA (K Kossen PhD, S D Seiwert PhD); and Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Division, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Pennsylvania, PA, USA (J D Christie MD)
| | - Naftali Kaminski
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (Prof I Noth MD, S-F Ma PhD, M Barber PhD, Y Huang MS, S M Broderick BS, R Vij MD) and Section of Genetic Medicine (Prof D Nicolae PhD), University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Dorothy P and Richard P Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA (Y Zhang PhD, J Scuirba BS, T J Richards PhD, B M Juan-Guardela MD, Prof N Kaminski MD); CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain (C Flores PhD); Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Tenerife, Spain (C Flores); Institute for Personalized Respiratory Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA (M S Wade MS, Prof J G N Garcia MD); Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK (P Hysi PhD); Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA (M K Han MD, Prof F J Martinez MD); InterMune, Brisbane, CA, USA (K Kossen PhD, S D Seiwert PhD); and Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Division, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Pennsylvania, PA, USA (J D Christie MD)
| | - Joe G N Garcia
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (Prof I Noth MD, S-F Ma PhD, M Barber PhD, Y Huang MS, S M Broderick BS, R Vij MD) and Section of Genetic Medicine (Prof D Nicolae PhD), University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Dorothy P and Richard P Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA (Y Zhang PhD, J Scuirba BS, T J Richards PhD, B M Juan-Guardela MD, Prof N Kaminski MD); CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain (C Flores PhD); Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Tenerife, Spain (C Flores); Institute for Personalized Respiratory Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA (M S Wade MS, Prof J G N Garcia MD); Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK (P Hysi PhD); Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA (M K Han MD, Prof F J Martinez MD); InterMune, Brisbane, CA, USA (K Kossen PhD, S D Seiwert PhD); and Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Division, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Pennsylvania, PA, USA (J D Christie MD)
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18
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Ratnam S, Bozek G, Nicolae D, Storb U. The pattern of somatic hypermutation of Ig genes is altered when p53 is inactivated. Mol Immunol 2010; 47:2611-8. [PMID: 20691478 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2010.05.291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2010] [Revised: 05/24/2010] [Accepted: 05/27/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Mice with a deletion of the p53 gene have normal antibody titers against sheep red blood cells and normal switching to all Ig isotypes. In older mice (11 and 16 weeks old) the somatic hypermutation (SHM) frequencies are progressively reduced. In young mice (8 weeks old) with p53 deletion, the SHM frequencies are normal. However, the mutation pattern is changed in all p53-/- mice: mutations at A are increased. Surprisingly, deletion of the Ung2 gene in addition to the deletion of p53 corrected the A mutation frequencies to those of control mice. Known interactions of p53 protein with several proteins involved in error-prone BER during SHM may explain these findings. There is no indication that the absence of p53 affects the function of AID. Inactivation of p21 does not alter SHM, supporting the idea that the p53 protein is involved in SHM by its direct association with the SHM process. There is no significant change of mutations at T. Thus, the hypermutability at A is strand-biased (transcription? replication?). The translesion polymerase pol eta has so far been found to be the sole mutator at A and T in mice. However, the pattern in p53-/- mice is compatible with the possible inhibition by p53 of another translesion polymerase, pol iota, which in the absence of p53 may be recruited to error-prone repair of abasic sites in SHM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarayu Ratnam
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, 920 East 58th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, United States
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19
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Thompson EE, Sun Y, Nicolae D, Ober C. Shades of gray: a comparison of linkage disequilibrium between Hutterites and Europeans. Genet Epidemiol 2010; 34:133-9. [PMID: 19697328 DOI: 10.1002/gepi.20442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Founder or isolated populations have advantages for genetic studies due to decreased genetic and environmental heterogeneity. However, whereas longer-range linkage disequilibrium (LD) in these populations is expected to facilitate gene localization, extensive LD may actually limit the ability for gene discovery. The North American Hutterite population is one of the best characterized young founder populations and members of this isolate have been the subjects of our studies of complex traits, including fertility, asthma and cardiovascular disease, for >20 years. Here, we directly assess the patterns and extent of global LD using single nucleotide polymorphism genotypes with minor allele frequencies (MAFs) > or =5% from the Affymetrix GeneChip Mapping 500 K array in 60 relatively unrelated Hutterites and 60 unrelated Europeans (HapMap CEU). Although LD among some marker pairs extends further in the Hutterites than in Europeans, the pattern of LD and MAF are surprisingly similar. These results indicate that (1) identifying disease genes should be no more difficult in the Hutterites than in outbred European populations, (2) the same common susceptibility alleles for complex diseases should be present in the Hutterites and outbred European populations, and (3) imputation algorithms based on HapMap CEU should be applicable to the Hutterites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma E Thompson
- Department of Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Illinois, USA.
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20
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Paterson AD, Waggott D, Boright AP, Hosseini SM, Shen E, Sylvestre MP, Wong I, Bharaj B, Cleary PA, Lachin JM, Below JE, Nicolae D, Cox NJ, Canty AJ, Sun L, Bull SB. A genome-wide association study identifies a novel major locus for glycemic control in type 1 diabetes, as measured by both A1C and glucose. Diabetes 2010; 59:539-49. [PMID: 19875614 PMCID: PMC2809960 DOI: 10.2337/db09-0653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Glycemia is a major risk factor for the development of long-term complications in type 1 diabetes; however, no specific genetic loci have been identified for glycemic control in individuals with type 1 diabetes. To identify such loci in type 1 diabetes, we analyzed longitudinal repeated measures of A1C from the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We performed a genome-wide association study using the mean of quarterly A1C values measured over 6.5 years, separately in the conventional (n = 667) and intensive (n = 637) treatment groups of the DCCT. At loci of interest, linear mixed models were used to take advantage of all the repeated measures. We then assessed the association of these loci with capillary glucose and repeated measures of multiple complications of diabetes. RESULTS We identified a major locus for A1C levels in the conventional treatment group near SORCS1 (10q25.1, P = 7 x 10(-10)), which was also associated with mean glucose (P = 2 x 10(-5)). This was confirmed using A1C in the intensive treatment group (P = 0.01). Other loci achieved evidence close to genome-wide significance: 14q32.13 (GSC) and 9p22 (BNC2) in the combined treatment groups and 15q21.3 (WDR72) in the intensive group. Further, these loci gave evidence for association with diabetic complications, specifically SORCS1 with hypoglycemia and BNC2 with renal and retinal complications. We replicated the SORCS1 association in Genetics of Diabetes in Kidneys (GoKinD) study control subjects (P = 0.01) and the BNC2 association with A1C in nondiabetic individuals. CONCLUSIONS A major locus for A1C and glucose in individuals with diabetes is near SORCS1. This may influence the design and analysis of genetic studies attempting to identify risk factors for long-term diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Paterson
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.
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21
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Storb U, Shen HM, Nicolae D. Somatic hypermutation: processivity of the cytosine deaminase AID and error-free repair of the resulting uracils. Cell Cycle 2009; 8:3097-101. [PMID: 19738437 DOI: 10.4161/cc.8.19.9658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ursula Storb
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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22
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Pappalardo G, Papayannis A, Bösenberg J, Ansmann A, Apituley A, Arboledas LA, Balis D, Böckmann C, Chaikovsky A, Comeron A, Gustafsson O, Hansen G, Mitev V, Mona L, Nicolae D, Perrone MR, Pietruczuk A, Pujadas M, Putaud JP, Ravetta F, Rizi V, Simeonov V, Spinelli N, Stoyanov D, Trickl T, Wiegner M. EARLINET coordinated lidar observations of Saharan dust events on continental scale. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1088/1755-1307/7/1/012002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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23
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De la Cruz O, Blekhman R, Zhang X, Nicolae D, Firestein S, Gilad Y. A signature of evolutionary constraint on a subset of ectopically expressed olfactory receptor genes. Mol Biol Evol 2008; 26:491-4. [PMID: 19103638 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msn294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Olfactory receptor (OR) genes constitute the basis for the sense of smell. It has long been observed that a subset of mammalian OR genes are expressed in nonolfactory tissues, in addition to their expression in the olfactory epithelium. However, it is unknown whether OR genes have alternative functions in the nonolfactory tissues. Using a dedicated microarray, we surveyed OR gene expression in olfactory epithelium as well as a number of nonolfactory tissues, in human and chimpanzee. Our observations suggest that ectopically expressed OR orthologous genes are expressed in the same nonolfactory tissues in human and chimpanzee more often than expected by chance alone. Moreover, we found that the subset of orthologous OR genes with conserved ectopic expression evolve under stronger evolutionary constraint than OR genes expressed exclusively in the olfactory epithelium. Thus, although we cannot provide direct functional data, our observations are consistent with the notion that a subset of ectopically expressed OR genes have additional functions in nonolfactory tissues.
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24
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Tan Z, Randall G, Fan J, Camoretti-Mercado B, Brockman-Schneider R, Pan L, Solway J, Gern JE, Lemanske RF, Nicolae D, Ober C. Allele-specific targeting of microRNAs to HLA-G and risk of asthma. Am J Hum Genet 2007; 81:829-34. [PMID: 17847008 PMCID: PMC2227932 DOI: 10.1086/521200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 301] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2007] [Accepted: 06/13/2007] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
HLA-G is a nonclassic, class I HLA molecule that has important immunomodulatory properties. Previously, we identified HLA-G as an asthma-susceptibility gene and discovered that the risk of asthma in a child was determined by both the child's HLA-G genotype and the mother's affection status. Here we report a SNP in the 3' untranslated region of HLA-G that influences the targeting of three microRNAs (miRNAs) to this gene, and we suggest that allele-specific targeting of these miRNAs accounts, at least in part, for our earlier observations on HLA-G and the risk of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Tan
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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25
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Tan Z, Randall G, Fan J, Camoretti-Mercado B, Brockman-Schneider R, Pan L, Solway J, Gern JE, Lemanske RF, Nicolae D, Ober C. Allele-specific targeting of microRNAs to HLA-G and risk of asthma. Am J Hum Genet 2007. [PMID: 17847008 DOI: 10.1086/521200.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
HLA-G is a nonclassic, class I HLA molecule that has important immunomodulatory properties. Previously, we identified HLA-G as an asthma-susceptibility gene and discovered that the risk of asthma in a child was determined by both the child's HLA-G genotype and the mother's affection status. Here we report a SNP in the 3' untranslated region of HLA-G that influences the targeting of three microRNAs (miRNAs) to this gene, and we suggest that allele-specific targeting of these miRNAs accounts, at least in part, for our earlier observations on HLA-G and the risk of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Tan
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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26
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Rioux J, Xavier R, Taylor K, Goyette P, Silverberg M, Huett A, Green T, Kuballa P, Barmada M, Datta L, Shugart YY, Jean Bernard E, Mei L, Nicolae D, Steinhart H, Rotter J, Cho J, Daly M, Regueiro M, Schumm P, Duerr R, Brant S. Whole Genome Association Identifies Novel Susceptibility Genes for Crohn's Disease and Implicates a Crucial Role for Autophagy. Clin Immunol 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2007.03.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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27
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Zhang X, De la Cruz O, Pinto JM, Nicolae D, Firestein S, Gilad Y. Characterizing the expression of the human olfactory receptor gene family using a novel DNA microarray. Genome Biol 2007; 8:R86. [PMID: 17509148 PMCID: PMC1929152 DOI: 10.1186/gb-2007-8-5-r86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2007] [Revised: 04/10/2007] [Accepted: 05/17/2007] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Olfactory receptor (OR) genes were discovered more than a decade ago, when Buck and Axel observed that, in rats, certain G-protein coupled receptors are expressed exclusively in the olfactory epithelium. Subsequently, protein sequence similarity was used to identify entire OR gene repertoires of a number of mammalian species, but only in mouse were these predictions followed up by expression studies in olfactory epithelium. To rectify this, we have developed a DNA microarray that contains probes for most predicted human OR loci and used that array to examine OR gene expression profiles in olfactory epithelium tissues from three individuals. RESULTS We detected expression of 437 (76%) human OR genes in these olfactory epithelia. Interestingly, we detected widespread expression of OR pseudogenes, an observation that may shed light on the mechanism of OR gene choice in the olfactory sensory neurons. To address the hypothesis that OR genes may carry out additional functions, we also characterized the expression of OR genes in a number of non-olfactory tissues. CONCLUSION While our results corroborate the functional annotation of the majority of predicted human odorant receptors, we find that a large number of putative human OR genes are expressed in non-olfactory tissues, sometimes exclusively so. Our evolutionary analysis of ectopically expressed human OR genes does not lend support to the hypothesis that these genes have alternative functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Omar De la Cruz
- Department of Statistics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jayant M Pinto
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Dan Nicolae
- Department of Statistics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Stuart Firestein
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Yoav Gilad
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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Abstract
Somatic hypermutation (SHM) and class switch recombination (CSR) are initiated by activation-induced cytosine deaminase (AID). The uracil, and potentially neighboring bases, are processed by error-prone base excision repair and mismatch repair. Deficiencies in Ung, Msh2, or Msh6 affect SHM and CSR. To determine whether Msh2/Msh6 complexes which recognize single-base mismatches and loops were the only mismatch-recognition complexes required for SHM and CSR, we analyzed these processes in Msh6(-/-)Ung(-/-) mice. SHM and CSR were affected in the same degree and fashion as in Msh2(-/-)Ung(-/-) mice; mutations were mostly C,G transitions and CSR was greatly reduced, making Msh2/Msh3 contributions unlikely. Inactivating Ung alone reduced mutations from A and T, suggesting that, depending on the DNA sequence, varying proportions of A,T mutations arise by error-prone long-patch base excision repair. Further, in Msh6(-/-)Ung(-/-) mice the 5' end and the 3' region of Ig genes was spared from mutations as in wild-type mice, confirming that AID does not act in these regions. Finally, because in the absence of both Ung and Msh6, transition mutations from C and G likely are "footprints" of AID, the data show that the activity of AID is restricted drastically in vivo compared with AID in cell-free assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Ming Shen
- Department of Molecular Genetic and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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29
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Longerich S, Tanaka A, Bozek G, Nicolae D, Storb U. The very 5' end and the constant region of Ig genes are spared from somatic mutation because AID does not access these regions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 202:1443-54. [PMID: 16301749 PMCID: PMC2212980 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20051604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Somatic hypermutation (SHM) is restricted to VDJ regions and their adjacent flanks in immunoglobulin (Ig) genes, whereas constant regions are spared. Mutations occur after about 100 nucleotides downstream of the promoter and extend to 1–2 kb. We have asked why the very 5′ and most of the 3′ region of Ig genes are unmutated. Does the activation-induced cytosine deaminase (AID) that initiates SHM not gain access to these regions, or does AID gain access, but the resulting uracils are repaired error-free because error-prone repair does not gain access? The distribution of mutations was compared between uracil DNA glycosylase (Ung)-deficient and wild-type mice in endogenous Ig genes and in an Ig transgene. If AID gains access to the 5′ and 3′ regions that are unmutated in wild-type mice, one would expect an “AID footprint,” namely transition mutations from C and G in Ung-deficient mice in the regions normally devoid of SHM. We find that the distribution of total mutations and transitions from C and G is indistinguishable in wild-type and Ung-deficient mice. Thus, AID does not gain access to the 5′ and constant regions of Ig genes. The implications for the role of transcription and Ung in SHM are discussed.
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Hoffjan S, Nicolae D, Ostrovnaya I, Roberg K, Evans M, Mirel DB, Steiner L, Walker K, Shult P, Gangnon RE, Gern JE, Martinez FD, Lemanske RF, Ober C. Gene-environment interaction effects on the development of immune responses in the 1st year of life. Am J Hum Genet 2005; 76:696-704. [PMID: 15726497 PMCID: PMC1199307 DOI: 10.1086/429418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2004] [Accepted: 02/02/2005] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a common disease that results from both genetic and environmental risk factors. Children attending day care in the 1st year of life have lower risks for developing asthma, although the mechanism for this "day care" effect is largely unknown. We investigated the interactions between day care exposure in the 1st 6 mo of life and genotypes for 72 polymorphisms at 45 candidate loci and their effects on cytokine response profiles and on the development of atopic phenotypes in the 1st year of life in the Childhood Onset of Asthma (COAST) cohort of children. Six interactions (at four polymorphisms in three loci) with "day care" that had an effect on early-life immune phenotypes were significant at P<.001. The estimated false-discovery rate was 33%, indicating that an estimated four P values correspond to true associations. Moreover, the "day care" effect at some loci was accounted for by the increased number of viral infections among COAST children attending day care, whereas interactions at other loci were independent of the number of viral infections, indicating the presence of additional risk factors associated with day care environment. This study identified significant gene-environment interactions influencing the early patterning of the immune system and the subsequent development of asthma and highlights the importance of considering environmental risk factors in genetic analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Hoffjan
- Departments of Human Genetics, Statistics, and Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Chicago, Chicago; Departments of Pediatrics, Medicine, and Biostatistics and Medical Bioinformatics, University of Wisconsin–Madison, and Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, Madison; Roche Molecular Systems, Alameda, CA; and Tucson Respiratory Center, University of Arizona, Tucson
| | - Dan Nicolae
- Departments of Human Genetics, Statistics, and Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Chicago, Chicago; Departments of Pediatrics, Medicine, and Biostatistics and Medical Bioinformatics, University of Wisconsin–Madison, and Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, Madison; Roche Molecular Systems, Alameda, CA; and Tucson Respiratory Center, University of Arizona, Tucson
| | - Irina Ostrovnaya
- Departments of Human Genetics, Statistics, and Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Chicago, Chicago; Departments of Pediatrics, Medicine, and Biostatistics and Medical Bioinformatics, University of Wisconsin–Madison, and Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, Madison; Roche Molecular Systems, Alameda, CA; and Tucson Respiratory Center, University of Arizona, Tucson
| | - Kathy Roberg
- Departments of Human Genetics, Statistics, and Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Chicago, Chicago; Departments of Pediatrics, Medicine, and Biostatistics and Medical Bioinformatics, University of Wisconsin–Madison, and Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, Madison; Roche Molecular Systems, Alameda, CA; and Tucson Respiratory Center, University of Arizona, Tucson
| | - Michael Evans
- Departments of Human Genetics, Statistics, and Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Chicago, Chicago; Departments of Pediatrics, Medicine, and Biostatistics and Medical Bioinformatics, University of Wisconsin–Madison, and Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, Madison; Roche Molecular Systems, Alameda, CA; and Tucson Respiratory Center, University of Arizona, Tucson
| | - Daniel B. Mirel
- Departments of Human Genetics, Statistics, and Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Chicago, Chicago; Departments of Pediatrics, Medicine, and Biostatistics and Medical Bioinformatics, University of Wisconsin–Madison, and Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, Madison; Roche Molecular Systems, Alameda, CA; and Tucson Respiratory Center, University of Arizona, Tucson
| | - Lori Steiner
- Departments of Human Genetics, Statistics, and Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Chicago, Chicago; Departments of Pediatrics, Medicine, and Biostatistics and Medical Bioinformatics, University of Wisconsin–Madison, and Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, Madison; Roche Molecular Systems, Alameda, CA; and Tucson Respiratory Center, University of Arizona, Tucson
| | - Karen Walker
- Departments of Human Genetics, Statistics, and Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Chicago, Chicago; Departments of Pediatrics, Medicine, and Biostatistics and Medical Bioinformatics, University of Wisconsin–Madison, and Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, Madison; Roche Molecular Systems, Alameda, CA; and Tucson Respiratory Center, University of Arizona, Tucson
| | - Peter Shult
- Departments of Human Genetics, Statistics, and Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Chicago, Chicago; Departments of Pediatrics, Medicine, and Biostatistics and Medical Bioinformatics, University of Wisconsin–Madison, and Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, Madison; Roche Molecular Systems, Alameda, CA; and Tucson Respiratory Center, University of Arizona, Tucson
| | - Ronald E. Gangnon
- Departments of Human Genetics, Statistics, and Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Chicago, Chicago; Departments of Pediatrics, Medicine, and Biostatistics and Medical Bioinformatics, University of Wisconsin–Madison, and Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, Madison; Roche Molecular Systems, Alameda, CA; and Tucson Respiratory Center, University of Arizona, Tucson
| | - James E. Gern
- Departments of Human Genetics, Statistics, and Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Chicago, Chicago; Departments of Pediatrics, Medicine, and Biostatistics and Medical Bioinformatics, University of Wisconsin–Madison, and Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, Madison; Roche Molecular Systems, Alameda, CA; and Tucson Respiratory Center, University of Arizona, Tucson
| | - Fernando D. Martinez
- Departments of Human Genetics, Statistics, and Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Chicago, Chicago; Departments of Pediatrics, Medicine, and Biostatistics and Medical Bioinformatics, University of Wisconsin–Madison, and Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, Madison; Roche Molecular Systems, Alameda, CA; and Tucson Respiratory Center, University of Arizona, Tucson
| | - Robert F. Lemanske
- Departments of Human Genetics, Statistics, and Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Chicago, Chicago; Departments of Pediatrics, Medicine, and Biostatistics and Medical Bioinformatics, University of Wisconsin–Madison, and Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, Madison; Roche Molecular Systems, Alameda, CA; and Tucson Respiratory Center, University of Arizona, Tucson
| | - Carole Ober
- Departments of Human Genetics, Statistics, and Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Chicago, Chicago; Departments of Pediatrics, Medicine, and Biostatistics and Medical Bioinformatics, University of Wisconsin–Madison, and Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, Madison; Roche Molecular Systems, Alameda, CA; and Tucson Respiratory Center, University of Arizona, Tucson
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Nicolae D, Cox NJ, Lester LA, Schneider D, Tan Z, Billstrand C, Kuldanek S, Donfack J, Kogut P, Patel NM, Goodenbour J, Howard T, Wolf R, Koppelman GH, White SR, Parry R, Postma DS, Meyers D, Bleecker ER, Hunt JS, Solway J, Ober C. Fine mapping and positional candidate studies identify HLA-G as an asthma susceptibility gene on chromosome 6p21. Am J Hum Genet 2005; 76:349-57. [PMID: 15611928 PMCID: PMC1196380 DOI: 10.1086/427763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2004] [Accepted: 11/23/2004] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma affects nearly 14 million people worldwide and has been steadily increasing in frequency for the past 50 years. Although environmental factors clearly influence the onset, progression, and severity of this disease, family and twin studies indicate that genetic variation also influences susceptibility. Linkage of asthma and related phenotypes to chromosome 6p21 has been reported in seven genome screens, making it the most replicated region of the genome. However, because many genes with individually small effects are likely to contribute to risk, identification of asthma susceptibility loci has been challenging. In this study, we present evidence from four independent samples in support of HLA-G as a novel asthma and bronchial hyperresponsiveness susceptibility gene in the human leukocyte antigen region on chromosome 6p21, and we speculate that this gene might contribute to risk for other inflammatory diseases that show linkage to this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Nicolae
- Departments of Statistics, Human Genetics, Medicine, Pediatrics, and Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Chicago, Chicago; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City; Center for Human Genetics and Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Department of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls; and Beatrix Children’s Hospital and Department of Pulmonology, University Hospital Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nancy J. Cox
- Departments of Statistics, Human Genetics, Medicine, Pediatrics, and Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Chicago, Chicago; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City; Center for Human Genetics and Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Department of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls; and Beatrix Children’s Hospital and Department of Pulmonology, University Hospital Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lucille A. Lester
- Departments of Statistics, Human Genetics, Medicine, Pediatrics, and Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Chicago, Chicago; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City; Center for Human Genetics and Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Department of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls; and Beatrix Children’s Hospital and Department of Pulmonology, University Hospital Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel Schneider
- Departments of Statistics, Human Genetics, Medicine, Pediatrics, and Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Chicago, Chicago; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City; Center for Human Genetics and Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Department of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls; and Beatrix Children’s Hospital and Department of Pulmonology, University Hospital Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Zheng Tan
- Departments of Statistics, Human Genetics, Medicine, Pediatrics, and Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Chicago, Chicago; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City; Center for Human Genetics and Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Department of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls; and Beatrix Children’s Hospital and Department of Pulmonology, University Hospital Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Christine Billstrand
- Departments of Statistics, Human Genetics, Medicine, Pediatrics, and Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Chicago, Chicago; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City; Center for Human Genetics and Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Department of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls; and Beatrix Children’s Hospital and Department of Pulmonology, University Hospital Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Susan Kuldanek
- Departments of Statistics, Human Genetics, Medicine, Pediatrics, and Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Chicago, Chicago; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City; Center for Human Genetics and Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Department of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls; and Beatrix Children’s Hospital and Department of Pulmonology, University Hospital Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Joseph Donfack
- Departments of Statistics, Human Genetics, Medicine, Pediatrics, and Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Chicago, Chicago; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City; Center for Human Genetics and Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Department of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls; and Beatrix Children’s Hospital and Department of Pulmonology, University Hospital Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Kogut
- Departments of Statistics, Human Genetics, Medicine, Pediatrics, and Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Chicago, Chicago; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City; Center for Human Genetics and Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Department of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls; and Beatrix Children’s Hospital and Department of Pulmonology, University Hospital Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nina M. Patel
- Departments of Statistics, Human Genetics, Medicine, Pediatrics, and Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Chicago, Chicago; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City; Center for Human Genetics and Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Department of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls; and Beatrix Children’s Hospital and Department of Pulmonology, University Hospital Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jeffrey Goodenbour
- Departments of Statistics, Human Genetics, Medicine, Pediatrics, and Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Chicago, Chicago; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City; Center for Human Genetics and Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Department of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls; and Beatrix Children’s Hospital and Department of Pulmonology, University Hospital Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Timothy Howard
- Departments of Statistics, Human Genetics, Medicine, Pediatrics, and Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Chicago, Chicago; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City; Center for Human Genetics and Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Department of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls; and Beatrix Children’s Hospital and Department of Pulmonology, University Hospital Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Raoul Wolf
- Departments of Statistics, Human Genetics, Medicine, Pediatrics, and Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Chicago, Chicago; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City; Center for Human Genetics and Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Department of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls; and Beatrix Children’s Hospital and Department of Pulmonology, University Hospital Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerard H. Koppelman
- Departments of Statistics, Human Genetics, Medicine, Pediatrics, and Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Chicago, Chicago; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City; Center for Human Genetics and Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Department of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls; and Beatrix Children’s Hospital and Department of Pulmonology, University Hospital Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Steven R. White
- Departments of Statistics, Human Genetics, Medicine, Pediatrics, and Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Chicago, Chicago; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City; Center for Human Genetics and Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Department of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls; and Beatrix Children’s Hospital and Department of Pulmonology, University Hospital Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rodney Parry
- Departments of Statistics, Human Genetics, Medicine, Pediatrics, and Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Chicago, Chicago; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City; Center for Human Genetics and Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Department of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls; and Beatrix Children’s Hospital and Department of Pulmonology, University Hospital Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dirkje S. Postma
- Departments of Statistics, Human Genetics, Medicine, Pediatrics, and Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Chicago, Chicago; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City; Center for Human Genetics and Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Department of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls; and Beatrix Children’s Hospital and Department of Pulmonology, University Hospital Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Deborah Meyers
- Departments of Statistics, Human Genetics, Medicine, Pediatrics, and Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Chicago, Chicago; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City; Center for Human Genetics and Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Department of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls; and Beatrix Children’s Hospital and Department of Pulmonology, University Hospital Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Eugene R. Bleecker
- Departments of Statistics, Human Genetics, Medicine, Pediatrics, and Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Chicago, Chicago; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City; Center for Human Genetics and Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Department of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls; and Beatrix Children’s Hospital and Department of Pulmonology, University Hospital Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Joan S. Hunt
- Departments of Statistics, Human Genetics, Medicine, Pediatrics, and Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Chicago, Chicago; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City; Center for Human Genetics and Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Department of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls; and Beatrix Children’s Hospital and Department of Pulmonology, University Hospital Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Julian Solway
- Departments of Statistics, Human Genetics, Medicine, Pediatrics, and Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Chicago, Chicago; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City; Center for Human Genetics and Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Department of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls; and Beatrix Children’s Hospital and Department of Pulmonology, University Hospital Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Carole Ober
- Departments of Statistics, Human Genetics, Medicine, Pediatrics, and Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Chicago, Chicago; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City; Center for Human Genetics and Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Department of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls; and Beatrix Children’s Hospital and Department of Pulmonology, University Hospital Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Hoffjan S, Ostrovnaja I, Nicolae D, Newman DL, Nicolae R, Gangnon R, Steiner L, Walker K, Reynolds R, Greene D, Mirel D, Gern JE, Lemanske RF, Ober C. Genetic variation in immunoregulatory pathways and atopic phenotypes in infancy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2004; 113:511-8. [PMID: 15007355 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2003.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma is a chronic respiratory disease that often originates in early childhood. Although candidate gene studies have identified many potential asthma susceptibility genes in adult populations, few have studied associations with immune phenotypes in the first year that might be early clinical markers of asthma. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess the contribution of genetic variation to cytokine response profiles and atopic phenotypes in the first year of life in the Childhood Origin of Asthma cohort. METHODS Two hundred seven European American children participating in the Childhood Origin of Asthma study were genotyped for 61 single nucleotide polymorphisms in 35 genes involved in immune regulation. We examined the relationship between these single nucleotide polymorphisms and PHA-induced cytokine (IL-5, IL-10, IL-13, and IFN-gamma) response profiles at birth and at year 1, respiratory syncytial virus-induced wheezing and atopic dermatitis in the first year of life, and total IgE levels, peripheral blood eosinophil counts, and allergic sensitization at age 1 year. The data were analyzed by using censored regression for quantitative measurements and logistic regression for qualitative phenotypes. RESULTS The 237Gly allele of the high-affinity IgE receptor beta chain (FCER1B) and a silent substitution in the nitric oxide synthase (NOS)2A gene were associated with reduced IL-13 responses in cord blood (P = .0025 and P = .0062, respectively). A significant gene-gene interaction between FCER1B 237Gly and NOS2A D346D was detected, with individuals carrying the minor allele for both polymorphisms having the lowest cord blood IL-13 levels. Furthermore, the IL13 110Gln allele showed an association with increased IgE levels at year 1 (P = .0026), and the colony-stimulating factor 2 (CSF2) 117Thr allele showed an association with a greater increase in IL-5 responses during the first year (P = .0092). The TGF-beta1 (TGFB1) -509T allele was associated with respiratory syncytial virus-related wheezing in the first year (P = .0005). None of the polymorphisms included in this study were associated with atopic dermatitis during the first year or a positive RAST result at 1 year of age. CONCLUSION These data suggest that variations in genes involved in immune regulation are associated with biologic and clinical phenotypes in the first year of life that might increase the risk for the subsequent development of childhood asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Hoffjan
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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33
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Gern JE, Reardon CL, Hoffjan S, Nicolae D, Li Z, Roberg KA, Neaville WA, Carlson-Dakes K, Adler K, Hamilton R, Anderson E, Gilbertson-White S, Tisler C, Dasilva D, Anklam K, Mikus LD, Rosenthal LA, Ober C, Gangnon R, Lemanske RF. Effects of dog ownership and genotype on immune development and atopy in infancy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2004; 113:307-14. [PMID: 14767447 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2003.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to furred pets might confer protection against the development of allergic sensitization through a mechanism that is incompletely understood. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine the effects of pet exposure and genotype on immunologic development and the incidence of atopic markers and diseases in the first year of life. METHODS Pet exposure in the home was compared with cytokine secretion patterns (mitogen-stimulated mononuclear cells at birth and age 1 year) and indicators of atopy (allergen-specific and total IgE, eosinophilia, food allergy, atopic dermatitis) in 285 infants. Interactions with genotype at the CD14 locus were also evaluated in the data analyses. RESULTS Exposure to dogs was associated with reduced allergen sensitization (19% vs 33%, P =.020) and atopic dermatitis (30% vs 51%, P <.001). The risk for atopic dermatitis was further influenced by genotype at the CD14 locus (P =.006), even after adjusting for exposure to dogs (P =.003). Furthermore, infants with the genotype -159TT were less likely to develop atopic dermatitis if they were exposed to a dog (5% vs 43%, P =.04). Last, dog exposure was associated with increased IL-10 (117 vs 79 pg/mL, P =.002) and IL-13 (280 vs 226 pg/mL, P =.013) responses at age 1 year. CONCLUSIONS Having a dog in infancy is associated with higher IL-10 and IL-13 cytokine secretion profiles and reduced allergic sensitization and atopic dermatitis. These findings suggest that postnatal exposure to dogs can influence immune development in a genotype-specific fashion and thereby attenuate the development of atopy in at-risk children.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E Gern
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wis, USA
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34
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Hoffjan S, Nicolae D, Ober C. Association studies for asthma and atopic diseases: a comprehensive review of the literature. Respir Res 2003; 4:14. [PMID: 14748924 PMCID: PMC314398 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-4-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2003] [Accepted: 12/04/2003] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hundreds of genetic association studies on asthma-related phenotypes have been conducted in different populations. To date, variants in 64 genes have been reported to be associated with asthma or related traits in at least one study. Of these, 33 associations were replicated in a second study, 9 associations were not replicated either in a second study or a second sample in the same study, and 22 associations were reported in just a single published study. These results suggest the potential for a great amount of heterogeneity underlying asthma. However, many of these studies are methodologically limited and their interpretation hampered by small sample sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Hoffjan
- Departments of Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Dan Nicolae
- Departments of Statistics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Carole Ober
- Departments of Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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Brant SR, Panhuysen CIM, Nicolae D, Reddy DM, Bonen DK, Karaliukas R, Zhang L, Swanson E, Datta LW, Moran T, Ravenhill G, Duerr RH, Achkar JP, Karban AS, Cho JH. MDR1 Ala893 polymorphism is associated with inflammatory bowel disease. Am J Hum Genet 2003; 73:1282-92. [PMID: 14610718 PMCID: PMC1180394 DOI: 10.1086/379927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2003] [Accepted: 09/12/2003] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Crohn disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are overlapping chronic inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). Suggestive evidence for linkage at chromosome 7q has been reported for both CD and UC. Contained within this region is the gene for MDR1 (multidrug resistance), a membrane transport protein for which human polymorphisms have been reported in Ala893Ser/Thr and C3435T that alter pharmacokinetic profiles for a variety of drugs. Because mdr1 knockout mice spontaneously develop colitis, exonic regions were resequenced and tested for IBD association in a large, multicenter North American cohort. Two missense mutations, Asn21Asp and Ala893Ser/Thr, as well as the expression-associated polymorphism C3435T, described elsewhere, were genotyped in the entire cohort. Significant association of Ala893 with IBD was observed by both case-control analysis (P=.002) and the pedigree disequilibrium test (PDT [P=.00020-.00030]) but not for the Asn21Asp or C3435T polymorphisms. Significant association by PDT was observed within the subset with CD (P=.0014-.00090), with similar, nonsignificant trends in a smaller subset with UC. The Ala893Ser/Thr variant is triallelic, and the associated, common allele is Ala893, with undertransmission of the 893Ser (common) and the 893Thr (rare) variants. The Ala893 variant has decreased activity compared with the 893Ser variant; therefore, the association with human IBD is consistent with the murine model of mdr1 deficiency. Taken together, these data support the association of the common Ala893 polymorphism with IBD specifically and, more broadly, provides additional support for its contribution to interindividual pharmacogenetic variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven R. Brant
- The Harvey M. and Lyn P. Meyerhoff Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, and Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore; Boston University School of Medicine, Boston; Departments of Statistics and Medicine, The Martin Boyer Laboratories, Section of Gastroenterology, University of Chicago Hospitals, Chicago; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, and Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh; and Department of Gastroenterology, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland
| | - Carolien I. M. Panhuysen
- The Harvey M. and Lyn P. Meyerhoff Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, and Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore; Boston University School of Medicine, Boston; Departments of Statistics and Medicine, The Martin Boyer Laboratories, Section of Gastroenterology, University of Chicago Hospitals, Chicago; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, and Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh; and Department of Gastroenterology, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland
| | - Dan Nicolae
- The Harvey M. and Lyn P. Meyerhoff Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, and Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore; Boston University School of Medicine, Boston; Departments of Statistics and Medicine, The Martin Boyer Laboratories, Section of Gastroenterology, University of Chicago Hospitals, Chicago; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, and Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh; and Department of Gastroenterology, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland
| | - Deepthi M. Reddy
- The Harvey M. and Lyn P. Meyerhoff Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, and Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore; Boston University School of Medicine, Boston; Departments of Statistics and Medicine, The Martin Boyer Laboratories, Section of Gastroenterology, University of Chicago Hospitals, Chicago; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, and Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh; and Department of Gastroenterology, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland
| | - Denise K. Bonen
- The Harvey M. and Lyn P. Meyerhoff Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, and Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore; Boston University School of Medicine, Boston; Departments of Statistics and Medicine, The Martin Boyer Laboratories, Section of Gastroenterology, University of Chicago Hospitals, Chicago; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, and Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh; and Department of Gastroenterology, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland
| | - Reda Karaliukas
- The Harvey M. and Lyn P. Meyerhoff Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, and Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore; Boston University School of Medicine, Boston; Departments of Statistics and Medicine, The Martin Boyer Laboratories, Section of Gastroenterology, University of Chicago Hospitals, Chicago; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, and Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh; and Department of Gastroenterology, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland
| | - Leilei Zhang
- The Harvey M. and Lyn P. Meyerhoff Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, and Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore; Boston University School of Medicine, Boston; Departments of Statistics and Medicine, The Martin Boyer Laboratories, Section of Gastroenterology, University of Chicago Hospitals, Chicago; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, and Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh; and Department of Gastroenterology, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland
| | - Eric Swanson
- The Harvey M. and Lyn P. Meyerhoff Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, and Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore; Boston University School of Medicine, Boston; Departments of Statistics and Medicine, The Martin Boyer Laboratories, Section of Gastroenterology, University of Chicago Hospitals, Chicago; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, and Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh; and Department of Gastroenterology, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland
| | - Lisa W. Datta
- The Harvey M. and Lyn P. Meyerhoff Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, and Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore; Boston University School of Medicine, Boston; Departments of Statistics and Medicine, The Martin Boyer Laboratories, Section of Gastroenterology, University of Chicago Hospitals, Chicago; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, and Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh; and Department of Gastroenterology, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland
| | - Thomas Moran
- The Harvey M. and Lyn P. Meyerhoff Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, and Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore; Boston University School of Medicine, Boston; Departments of Statistics and Medicine, The Martin Boyer Laboratories, Section of Gastroenterology, University of Chicago Hospitals, Chicago; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, and Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh; and Department of Gastroenterology, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland
| | - Geoffrey Ravenhill
- The Harvey M. and Lyn P. Meyerhoff Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, and Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore; Boston University School of Medicine, Boston; Departments of Statistics and Medicine, The Martin Boyer Laboratories, Section of Gastroenterology, University of Chicago Hospitals, Chicago; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, and Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh; and Department of Gastroenterology, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland
| | - Richard H. Duerr
- The Harvey M. and Lyn P. Meyerhoff Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, and Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore; Boston University School of Medicine, Boston; Departments of Statistics and Medicine, The Martin Boyer Laboratories, Section of Gastroenterology, University of Chicago Hospitals, Chicago; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, and Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh; and Department of Gastroenterology, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland
| | - Jean-Paul Achkar
- The Harvey M. and Lyn P. Meyerhoff Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, and Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore; Boston University School of Medicine, Boston; Departments of Statistics and Medicine, The Martin Boyer Laboratories, Section of Gastroenterology, University of Chicago Hospitals, Chicago; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, and Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh; and Department of Gastroenterology, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland
| | - Amir S. Karban
- The Harvey M. and Lyn P. Meyerhoff Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, and Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore; Boston University School of Medicine, Boston; Departments of Statistics and Medicine, The Martin Boyer Laboratories, Section of Gastroenterology, University of Chicago Hospitals, Chicago; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, and Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh; and Department of Gastroenterology, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland
| | - Judy H. Cho
- The Harvey M. and Lyn P. Meyerhoff Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, and Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore; Boston University School of Medicine, Boston; Departments of Statistics and Medicine, The Martin Boyer Laboratories, Section of Gastroenterology, University of Chicago Hospitals, Chicago; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, and Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh; and Department of Gastroenterology, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland
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Regunathan A, Glesne DA, Wilson AK, Song J, Nicolae D, Flores T, Bhattacharyya MH. Microarray analysis of changes in bone cell gene expression early after cadmium gavage in mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2003; 191:272-93. [PMID: 13678660 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-008x(03)00163-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
We developed an in vivo model for cadmium-induced bone loss in which mice excrete bone mineral in feces beginning 8 h after cadmium gavage. Female mice of three strains [CF1, MTN (metallothionein-wild-type), and MT1,2KO (MT1,2-deficient)] were placed on a low-calcium diet for 2 weeks. Each mouse was gavaged with 200 microg Cd or vehicle only. Fecal calcium was monitored daily for 9 days, beginning 4 days before cadmium gavage, to document the bone response. For CF1 mice, bones were taken from four groups: +/- Cd, 2 h after Cd and +/- Cd, 4 h after Cd. MTN and MT1,2KO strains had two groups each: +/-Cd, 4 h after Cd. PolyA+ RNA preparations from marrow-free shafts of femura and tibiae of each +/- Cd pair were submitted to Incyte Genomics for microarray analysis. Fecal Ca results showed that bone calcium excreted after cadmium differed for the three mouse strains: CF1, 0.24 +/- 0.08 mg; MTN, 0.92 +/- 0.22 mg; and MT1,2KO, 1.7 +/- 0.4 mg. Gene array results showed that nearly all arrayed genes were unaffected by cadmium. However, MT1 and MT2 had Cd+/Cd- expression ratios >1 in all four groups, while all ratios for MT3 were essentially 1, showing specificity. Both probes for MAPK 14 (p38 MAPK) had expression ratios >1, while no other MAPK responded to cadmium. Vacuolar proton pump ATPase and integrin alpha v (osteoclast genes), transferrin receptor, and src-like adaptor protein genes were stimulated by Cd; other src-related genes were unaffected. Genes for bone formation, stress response, growth factors, and signaling molecules showed little or no response to cadmium. Results support the hypothesis that Cd stimulates bone demineralization via a p38 MAPK pathway involving osteoclast activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhila Regunathan
- Biosciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439-4833, USA
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Kong A, McCullagh P, Meng XL, Nicolae D, Tan Z. A theory of statistical models for Monte Carlo integration. J R Stat Soc Series B Stat Methodol 2003. [DOI: 10.1111/1467-9868.00404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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38
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Colilla S, Nicolae D, Pluzhnikov A, Blumenthal MN, Beaty TH, Bleecker ER, Lange EM, Rich SS, Meyers DA, Ober C, Cox NJ. Evidence for gene-environment interactions in a linkage study of asthma and smoking exposure. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2003; 111:840-6. [PMID: 12704367 DOI: 10.1067/mai.2003.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma, a common and chronic disease of the airways, has a multifactorial cause involving both genetic and environmental factors. As a result, mapping genes that influence asthma susceptibility has been challenging. OBJECTIVE This study tests the hypothesis that inclusion of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), a potential risk factor for asthma, would improve the ability to map genes for asthma. METHODS By using 144 white families from the Collaborative Study for the Genetics of Asthma, environmental information about exposure to ETS during infancy was incorporated into a genome-wide multipoint linkage analysis. Statistical significance of observed gene-environment interactions was assessed by means of simulation. RESULTS Three regions with nominal evidence for linkage when stratified on the basis of ETS exposure were identified (P <.01) and showed a significant increase from the baseline lod score (1p at 97 cM, D1S1669-D1S1665; 5q at 135 cM, D5S1505-D5S816; and 9q at 106 cM, D9S910; all P <.05). In addition, 2 other regions, although not meeting nominal significance after stratification on the basis of ETS exposure, showed a significant increase from baseline lod score when ETS was taken into account (1q at 240 cM, D1S549; 17p at 3 cM, D17S1308; all P <.01). CONCLUSION These results illustrate how evidence for linkage of asthma can depend on exposure to an environmental factor, such as ETS. Future linkage analyses should include information on suspected environmental factors for asthma to help target new candidate susceptibility genes for asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Colilla
- Department of Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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Abstract
For more than 30 years, expression divergence has been considered as a major reason for retaining duplicated genes in a genome, but how often and how fast duplicate genes diverge in expression has not been studied at the genomic level. Using yeast microarray data, we show that expression divergence between duplicate genes is significantly correlated with their synonymous divergence (K(S)) and also with their nonsynonymous divergence (K(A)) if K(A) </= 0.3. Thus, expression divergence increases with evolutionary time, and K(A) is initially coupled with expression divergence. More interestingly, a large proportion of duplicate genes have diverged quickly in expression and the vast majority of gene pairs eventually become divergent in expression. Indeed, more than 40% of gene pairs show expression divergence even when K(S) is </= 0.10, and this proportion becomes >80% for K(S) > 1.5. Only a small fraction of ancient gene pairs do not show expression divergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenglong Gu
- Dept of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, 1101 East 57th Street, 60637, Chicago, IL, USA
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40
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Michael N, Martin TE, Nicolae D, Kim N, Padjen K, Zhan P, Nguyen H, Pinkert C, Storb U. Effects of sequence and structure on the hypermutability of immunoglobulin genes. Immunity 2002; 16:123-34. [PMID: 11825571 DOI: 10.1016/s1074-7613(02)00261-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Somatic hypermutation (SHM) is investigated in related immunoglobulin transgenes that differ in a short artificial sequence designed to vary the content of hotspot motifs and the potential to form RNA or DNA secondary structures. Mutability depends on hotspots, not secondary structure. Hotspot motifs predict about 50% of the mutations; the rest are in neutral and coldspots. Clusters of mutations and the sequential addition of mutations found in cell pedigrees suggest epigenetic attributes of SHM. Sometime in SHM, an essential factor seems to become limiting. Particular error-prone DNA polymerases appear to create mutations in hotspots on the top and bottom DNA strands throughout the target and the SHM process. One transgene is superhypermutable in all regions, suggesting the presence of a cis-element that enhances SHM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Michael
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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41
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Lachmeijer AM, Arngrímsson R, Bastiaans EJ, Frigge ML, Pals G, Sigurdardóttir S, Stéfansson H, Pálsson B, Nicolae D, Kong A, Aarnoudse JG, Gulcher JR, Dekker GA, ten Kate LP, Stéfansson K. A genome-wide scan for preeclampsia in the Netherlands. Eur J Hum Genet 2001; 9:758-64. [PMID: 11781687 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejhg.5200706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2000] [Revised: 07/03/2001] [Accepted: 07/03/2001] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia, hallmarked by de novo hypertension and proteinuria in pregnancy, has a familial tendency. Recently, a large Icelandic genome-wide scan provided evidence for a maternal susceptibility locus for preeclampsia on chromosome 2p13 which was confirmed by a genome scan from Australia and New Zealand (NZ). The current study reports on a genome-wide scan of Dutch affected sib-pair families. In total 67 Dutch affected sib-pair families, comprising at least two siblings with proteinuric preeclampsia, eclampsia or HELLP-syndrome, were typed for 293 polymorphic markers throughout the genome and linkage analysis was performed. The highest allele sharing lod score of 1.99 was seen on chromosome 12q at 109.5 cM. Two peaks overlapped in the same regions between the Dutch and Icelandic genome-wide scan at chromosome 3p and chromosome 15q. No overlap was seen on 2p. Re-analysis in 38 families without HELLP-syndrome (preeclampsia families) and 34 families with at least one sibling with HELLP syndrome (HELLP families), revealed two peaks with suggestive evidence for linkage in the non-HELLP families on chromosome 10q (lod score 2.38, D10S1432, 93.9 cM) and 22q (lod score 2.41, D22S685, 32.4 cM). The peak on 12q appeared to be associated with HELLP syndrome; it increased to a lod score of 2.1 in the HELLP families and almost disappeared in the preeclampsia families. A nominal peak on chromosome 11 in the preeclampsia families showed overlap with the second highest peak in the Australian/NZ study. Results from our Dutch genome-wide scan indicate that HELLP syndrome might have a different genetic background than preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Lachmeijer
- Department of Clinical Genetics and Human Genetics, Vrije Universiteit Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Arngrímsson R, Sigurõardóttir S, Frigge ML, Bjarnadóttir RI, Jónsson T, Stefánsson H, Baldursdóttir A, Einarsdóttir AS, Palsson B, Snorradóttir S, Lachmeijer AM, Nicolae D, Kong A, Bragason BT, Gulcher JR, Geirsson RT, Stefánsson K. A genome-wide scan reveals a maternal susceptibility locus for pre-eclampsia on chromosome 2p13. Hum Mol Genet 1999; 8:1799-805. [PMID: 10441346 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/8.9.1799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pre-eclampsia is a common and serious disease and a major cause of maternal and infant mortality. Antenatal care systems world-wide screen for signs of the disease such as hypertension and proteinuria. Unlike most other human disorders it impacts two individuals, the mother and the child, both of whom can be severely affected. The pathophysiology of the disorder is incompletely understood, but familial clustering of the disease is apparent. Here we report the results of a genome-wide screen of Icelandic families representing 343 affected women. Including those patients with non-proteinuric pre-eclampsia (gestational hypertension), proteinuric pre-eclampsia and eclampsia, we detected a significant locus on 2p13 with a lod score of 4.70 (single point P < 3.49 x 10(-6)). This is the first reported locus for pre-eclampsia meeting the criteria for genome-wide significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Arngrímsson
- Medical Genetics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Medical School Building, Vatnsmrarvegur, 101 Reykjavík, Iceland
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Sweeney PJ, Nicolae D, Ignacio L, Chen L, Roach M, Wara W, Marcus KC, Vijayakumar S. Effect of subcutaneous recombinant human erythropoietin in cancer patients receiving radiotherapy: final report of a randomized, open-labelled, phase II trial. Br J Cancer 1998; 77:1996-2002. [PMID: 9667681 PMCID: PMC2150364 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.1998.331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the safety, efficacy and impact on quality of life of recombinant human erythropoietin (r-HuEPO) for cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy (RT). An open-labelled randomized design was used, with patients randomized to either treatment or control arms. Patients in the treatment arm received r-HuEPO given by subcutaneous injection at a dose of 200 units kg(-1) day(-1) plus oral iron supplements (ferrous sulphate 325 mg p.o. t.i.d.). Entry was restricted to patients with carcinoma of the lung, uterine cervix, prostate or breast who presented for RT with anaemia parameters reflective of 'the anaemia of chronic disease'. Radiotherapy policies (portals, doses, fraction size, etc.) were determined by the site and stage of disease. Complete blood counts (CBCs) were obtained weekly. The target level of haemoglobin was 15 g dl(-1) for men and 14 g dl(-1) for women. Quality of life (QOL) was assessed weekly by using an analogue scale to judge energy, activities of daily living and overall quality of life. Forty-eight patients were entered in the study, 24 in the treatment arm and 24 in the control arm. The prerandomization demographic characteristics and mean laboratory values were comparable in both arms. The mean haemoglobin at completion was 13.6 g dl(-1) for r-HuEPO-treated patients compared with 11.0 g dl(-1) for control subjects (P = 0.0012). Patients who received r-HuEPO demonstrated a mean weekly haemoglobin increase of 0.41 g dl(-1) compared with a decrease in mean haemoglobin level in controls for 6 of the 7 weeks of the study (mean weekly decrease of 0.073 g dl(-1)). Target levels of haemoglobin were achieved by 41.6% of r-HuEPO-treated patients compared with none of the control subjects. The mean platelet count declined in both arms of the study with RT but the decline from pretreatment was less rapid in r-HuEPO-treated patients (11.2% decrease) compared with controls (26.3% decrease) and was statistically significant during weeks 4-6. Toxicity was minor with only mild irritation at the injection site. Mean quality of life end points were superior in the treatment arm but not statistically significant. r-HuEPO had a beneficial effect on weekly haemoglobin levels in patients undergoing RT with response rates similar to other studies. There was also a less rapid decline in weekly platelet counts in r-HuEPO-treated patients compared with control subjects. Further studies are needed to address the optimum dose and scheduling as well as the impact of r-HuEPO on clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Sweeney
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, IL, USA
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44
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Aslan A, Nicolae D, Jantea F, Dumitrescu Z. [Deficiencies of proteins digestion and absorption in the elderly patient and their treatment]. G Gerontol 1967; 15:865-72. [PMID: 5606220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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45
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David C, Nicolae D, Hartia L, Cresin R. [Introductory studies of clinical indicators of physiologic aging]. Z Alternsforsch 1966; 19:151-64. [PMID: 5999405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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