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Gan P, Hajis MIB, Yumna M, Haruman J, Matoha HK, Wahyudi DT, Silalahi S, Oktariani DR, Dela F, Annisa T, Pitaloka TDA, Adhiwijaya PK, Pauzi RY, Hertanto R, Kumaheri MA, Sani L, Irwanto A, Pradipta A, Chomchopbun K, Gonzalez-Porta M. Development and validation of a pharmacogenomics reporting workflow based on the illumina global screening array chip. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1349203. [PMID: 38529185 PMCID: PMC10961362 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1349203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Microarrays are a well-established and widely adopted technology capable of interrogating hundreds of thousands of loci across the human genome. Combined with imputation to cover common variants not included in the chip design, they offer a cost-effective solution for large-scale genetic studies. Beyond research applications, this technology can be applied for testing pharmacogenomics, nutrigenetics, and complex disease risk prediction. However, establishing clinical reporting workflows requires a thorough evaluation of the assay's performance, which is achieved through validation studies. In this study, we performed pre-clinical validation of a genetic testing workflow based on the Illumina Global Screening Array for 25 pharmacogenomic-related genes. Methods: To evaluate the accuracy of our workflow, we conducted multiple pre-clinical validation studies. Here, we present the results of accuracy and precision assessments, involving a total of 73 cell lines. These assessments encompass reference materials from the Genome-In-A-Bottle (GIAB), the Genetic Testing Reference Material Coordination Program (GeT-RM) projects, as well as additional samples from the 1000 Genomes project (1KGP). We conducted an accuracy assessment of genotype calls for target loci in each indication against established truth sets. Results: In our per-sample analysis, we observed a mean analytical sensitivity of 99.39% and specificity 99.98%. We further assessed the accuracy of star-allele calls by relying on established diplotypes in the GeT-RM catalogue or calls made based on 1KGP genotyping. On average, we detected a diplotype concordance rate of 96.47% across 14 pharmacogenomic-related genes with star allele-calls. Lastly, we evaluated the reproducibility of our findings across replicates and observed 99.48% diplotype and 100% phenotype inter-run concordance. Conclusion: Our comprehensive validation study demonstrates the robustness and reliability of the developed workflow, supporting its readiness for further development for applied testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Gan
- Nalagenetics Pte Ltd., Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Fitria Dela
- PT Genomik Solidaritas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Tazkia Annisa
- PT Genomik Solidaritas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ariel Pradipta
- PT Genomik Solidaritas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Department Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
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Ferdiana A, Fachiroh J, Oktarina DAM, Irwanto A, Mahendra C, Febriana SA, Soebono H. Allopurinol-Induced Stevens–Johnson Syndrome in Javanese Men With Positive HLA‐B*58:01. Front Genet 2022; 13:839154. [PMID: 35769987 PMCID: PMC9234807 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.839154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Allopurinol is the most commonly used drug for the treatment of gout arthritis. However, the use of allopurinol is associated with severe cutaneous adverse reactions (SCARs) and life-threatening immune-mediated reactions that include Stevens–Johnson syndrome (SJS). SJS induced by allopurinol is strongly linked with the presence of HLA-B*58:01 in the Asian population. Such a study has not been conducted in Indonesia. We present two cases with clinical diagnosis of SJS. These patients had Javanese ethnicity, for which evidence on the genetic predisposition of allopurinol-induced SJS/TEN had not been established. Testing for the presence of the HLA-B∗58:01 allele was positive in both cases. Our case report confirms findings from studies in Asian countries that link HLA-B*58:01 and allopurinol-induced SJS/TEN. A larger study is needed to elicit evidence that the HLA-B*58:01 allele can potentially be used as a genetic marker for allopurinol-induced SCARs among different ethnicities in Indonesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astri Ferdiana
- Department of Public Health Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Mataram, Mataram, Indonesia
- Center for Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Public Health and Nursing Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
- NLR Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Jajah Fachiroh
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine Public Health and Nursing Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Dyah Ayu Mira Oktarina
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine Public Health and Nursing Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | | | | | - Sri Awalia Febriana
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine Public Health and Nursing Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Hardyanto Soebono
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine Public Health and Nursing Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
- *Correspondence: Hardyanto Soebono,
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Krismawati H, Ferdiana A, Irwanto A, Budiawan T, Imaniar C, Wahyuni T, Singh P, Mieras L, Pongtiku A. Implementation of genetic screening test to reduce the incidence of dapsone hypersensitivity syndrome among patients with leprosy in Papua, Indonesia: a study protocol. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e057173. [PMID: 35545382 PMCID: PMC9096541 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-057173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The mainstay of leprosy treatment is multidrug treatment (MDT), which contains rifampicin, dapsone and clofazimine. The occurrence of dapsone hypersensitivity syndrome (DHS), a sudden, potentially fatal and traumatic adverse reaction due to dapsone, may affect treatment adherence and may result in fatality if untreated. Before MDT administration, screening for HLA-B*13:01 in patients with leprosy can potentially reduce DHS risk. The study aims to assess the effectiveness of using a screening test for HLA-B*13:01 in reducing the incidence of DHS and to evaluate the feasibility of using the quantitative PCR-based screening tool as DHS predictors before dapsone administration using individual patient testing in a referral centralised-lab model. METHODS AND ANALYSIS A total of 310 newly diagnosed patients with leprosy will be recruited from health centres in two highly endemic districts in Indonesia. Dried blood will be taken on filter paper as the specimen receptacle to collect DNA from the patients and transported at room temperature to the leprosy referral laboratory before MDT administration. Checking for HLA-B*13:01 from human DNA is performed using the Nala PGx 1301 V.1 kit. The results will be shared with the leprosy health workers on the site via phone call and courier. Patients with a positive test result will be treated with MDT without dapsone, and patients with a negative result will be treated with complete MDT. Physical examination (weight, height, skin, muscle and nerve function examination), complete blood tests (including renal function test) will be carried out at baseline. Follow-up will be performed at the fourth and eighth weeks to observe any development of adverse drug reactions. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The ethical approval for the study was issued by the Ethical Committee of the National Institute of Health Research and Development, Ministry of Health, Indonesia. Written informed consent will be sought from all participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Krismawati
- Papua Agency, National Institute of Health Research and Development, Ministry of Health, Indonesia, Jayapura, Indonesia
| | - Astri Ferdiana
- NLR Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Mataram, Mataram, Indonesia
- Center for Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | | | | | - Clara Imaniar
- Papua Agency, National Institute of Health Research and Development, Ministry of Health, Indonesia, Jayapura, Indonesia
| | - Tri Wahyuni
- Papua Agency, National Institute of Health Research and Development, Ministry of Health, Indonesia, Jayapura, Indonesia
| | - Pushpendra Singh
- ICMR-National Institute of Research in Tribal Health, Jabalpur, India
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Foo CTY, To YH, Irwanto A, Ng AYJ, Yan B, Chew STH, Liu J, Ti LK. Variant landscape of the RYR1 gene based on whole genome sequencing of the Singaporean population. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5429. [PMID: 35361824 PMCID: PMC8971428 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09310-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The RYR1 gene codes for a ryanodine receptor which is a calcium release channel in the skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum. It is associated with Malignant Hyperthermia (MH) and congenital myopathies including Central Core Disease (CCD), Multiminicore Disease (MMD) and Congenital Fibre-Type Disproportion (CFTD). There is currently little information on the epidemiology of RYR1 variants in Asians. Our study aims to describe the RYR1 variant landscape in a Singapore cohort unselected for RYR1-associated conditions. Data was retrieved from the SG10K pilot project, where whole genome sequencing was performed on volunteers unselected and undetermined for RYR1-associated conditions. Variants were classified based on pathogenicity using databases ClinVar and InterVar. Allele frequencies of pathogenic variants were compared between Chinese, Indians and Malays. Using databases ExAC, GnomAD and GenomeAsia 100k study, we further compared local allele frequencies to those in Europe, America and Asia. Data was analysed using R Commander. Significant P value was set at p < 0.05. Majority of the RYR1 variants were missense mutations. We identified four pathogenic and four likely pathogenic RYR1 variants. All were related to the aforementioned RYR1-associated conditions. There were 6 carriers of RYR1 pathogenic variants amongst 4810 individuals, corresponding to an allele frequency of 0.06%. The prevalence of pathogenic variants was the highest amongst Indians (4 in 1127 individuals) (p = 0.030). Majority of pathogenic and likely pathogenic mutations were missense and located in mutational hotspots. These variants also occurred at higher frequencies in Asians than globally. This study describes the variant landscape of the RYR1 gene in Singapore. This knowledge will facilitate genetic screening for RYR1-related conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claribel Tian Yu Foo
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yi Hui To
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Astrid Irwanto
- Nalagenetics Pte. Ltd, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Alvin Yu-Jin Ng
- Molecular Diagnosis Centre, Department of Laboratory Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Benedict Yan
- Molecular Diagnosis Centre, Department of Laboratory Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Jianjun Liu
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lian Kah Ti
- Department of Anaesthesia, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore. .,Department of Anaesthesia, National University Health System, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119074, Singapore.
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5
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Kothary AS, Mahendra C, Tan M, Min Tan EJ, Hong Yi JP, Gabriella, Hui Jocelyn TX, Haruman JS, Tan Z, Lee CK, Lezhava A, Yan B, Irwanto A. Validation of a multi-gene qPCR-based pharmacogenomics panel across major ethnic groups in Singapore and Indonesia. Pharmacogenomics 2021; 22:1041-1056. [PMID: 34693729 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2021-0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The clinical utility of pharmacogenomics (PGx) has been gaining traction alongside growing evidence that adverse drug reactions (ADRs) have significant genetic associations. Nala PGx Core® is a multi-gene qPCR-based panel of 20 allele variants, comprising 18 SNPs and two CYP2D6 copy number markers across four pharmacogenes - CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6 and SLCO1B1. Methods: In this study, we validated the performance of Nala PGx Core® against benchmark methods, on the Singaporean and Indonesian populations. Results & conclusion: Nala PGx Core® demonstrated robust and accurate genotyping when compared with other established benchmarks. Furthermore, the panel successfully characterized alleles of clinical relevance, such as CYP2D6*10 and CYP2D6*36, across major ethnic groups present of Singapore and Indonesia, suggesting its potential for adoption in clinical workflows regionally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anar Sanjaykumar Kothary
- Nalagenetics Pte Ltd, Singapore, 169204, Singapore.,Center for Genome Diagnostics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology & Research (A*STAR), 138672, Singapore
| | | | - Mingchen Tan
- Nalagenetics Pte Ltd, Singapore, 169204, Singapore
| | - Eunice Jia Min Tan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National University Health System, 119074, Singapore
| | | | - Gabriella
- Nalagenetics Pte Ltd, Singapore, 169204, Singapore
| | | | | | - Zhihao Tan
- Nalagenetics Pte Ltd, Singapore, 169204, Singapore.,Center for Genome Diagnostics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology & Research (A*STAR), 138672, Singapore
| | - Chun Kiat Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National University Health System, 119074, Singapore
| | - Alexander Lezhava
- Center for Genome Diagnostics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology & Research (A*STAR), 138672, Singapore
| | - Benedict Yan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National University Health System, 119074, Singapore.,Stronghold Diagnostics Lab, Agency for Science, Technology & Research, 138672, Singapore
| | - Astrid Irwanto
- Nalagenetics Pte Ltd, Singapore, 169204, Singapore.,Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 117559, Singapore
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Mahendra C, Kaisar MMM, Vasandani SR, Surja SS, Tjoa E, Chriestya F, Junusmin KI, Widowati TA, Irwanto A, Ali S. Wide Application of Minimally Processed Saliva on Multiple RT-qPCR Kits for SARS-CoV-2 Detection in Indonesia. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:691538. [PMID: 34485174 PMCID: PMC8416441 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.691538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Saliva as a sample matrix has been an attractive alternative for the detection of SARS-CoV-2. However, due to potential variability in collection and processing steps, evaluating a proposed workflow amongst the local population is recommended. Here, we aim to validate the collection and treatment of human saliva as a direct specimen for RT-qPCR-based detection of SARS-CoV-2 in Indonesia. We demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 target genes were detected in saliva specimens and remained stable for five days either refrigerated or stored at room temperature. The method of processing saliva specimens described in this report bypasses the need for an RNA-extraction process, thereby reducing the cost, time, and manpower required for processing samples. The developed method was tested across nine commercial kits, including the benchmark, to demonstrate its wide applicability on multiple existing workflows. Our developed method achieved an 86% overall agreement rate compared to paired nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swab specimens (NPOP). With the assistance of a saliva sampling device, the collection was found to be more convenient for individuals and improved the overall agreement rate to 97%.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sem Samuel Surja
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Enty Tjoa
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Febie Chriestya
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Rumah Sakit Pendidikan & Pusat Penelitian Atma Jaya, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | | | - Tria Asri Widowati
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Astrid Irwanto
- Nalagenetics Pte Ltd, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Soegianto Ali
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
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Adesta F, Mahendra C, Junusmin KI, Rajah AMS, Goh S, Sani L, Chan A, Irwanto A. Pharmacogenomics Implementation Training Improves Self-Efficacy and Competency to Drive Adoption in Clinical Practice. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:684907. [PMID: 34262455 PMCID: PMC8273230 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.684907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Administration of pharmacogenomics (PGx) testing in clinical practice has been suboptimal, presumably due to lack of PGx education. Here, we aim to evaluate the standpoint of PGx testing among a diverse group of healthcare professionals (HCPs) through conducting surveys before and after training. Materials and Methods: Training modules were designed to cover three key learning objectives and deployed in five sections. A pre- and post-training survey questionnaire was used to evaluate participants' self-assessments on employing PGx in clinical practice. Results and Conclusion: Out of all enrollments, 102 survey responses were collected. Overall, respondents agree on the benefits of PGx testing, but have inadequate self-efficacy and competency in utilizing PGx data. Our results show that a 90 min long training significantly improves these, and could lead to greater anticipation of PGx adoption.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Sharon Goh
- Nalagenetics Pte Ltd, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Alexandre Chan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Astrid Irwanto
- Nalagenetics Pte Ltd, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Krismawati H, Irwanto A, Pongtiku A, Irwan ID, Maladan Y, Sitanggang YA, Wahyuni T, Tanjung R, Sun Y, Liu H, Zhang F, Oktavian A, Liu J. Validation study of HLA-B*13:01 as a biomarker of dapsone hypersensitivity syndrome in leprosy patients in Indonesia. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008746. [PMID: 33064728 PMCID: PMC7592909 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Leprosy is a stigmatizing, chronic infection which degenerates the nervous system and often leads to incapacitation. Multi-drug therapy which consists of dapsone, rifampicin and clofazimine has been effective to combat this disease. In Indonesia, especially in Papua Island, leprosy is still a problem. Furthermore, there had been higher reports of Dapsone Hypersensitivity Syndrome (DHS) which also challenges leprosy elimination in certain aspects. Globally, DHS has a prevalence rate of 1.4% and a fatality rate up to 13%. The aim of this study is to validate HLA-B*13:01, a previously discovered biomarker for DHS in the Chinese population, as a biomarker for DHS in the Papua population.This is a case-control study of 34 leprosy patients who presented themselves with DHS (case subjects) and 52 leprosy patients without DHS (control subjects). Patients were recruited from 2 provinces: Papua and West Papua. DNA was extracted from 3 ml blood specimens. HLA-B alleles were typed using the gold-standard sequence based typing method. Results were then analysed using logistic regression and risk assessment was carried out. The results of HLA-typing showed that HLA-B*13:01 was the most significant allele associated with DHS, with odds ratio = 233.64 and P-value = 7.11×10−9, confirming the strong association of HLA-B*13:01 to DHS in the Papua population. The sensitivity of this biomarker is 91.2% and specificity is 96.2%, with an area under the curve of 0.95. HLA-B*13:01 is validated as a biomarker for DHS in leprosy patients in Papua, Indonesia, and can potentially be a good predictor of DHS to help prevent this condition in the future. Leprosy as a chronic infectious disease that affects the skin and nervous system is treated with a treatment cocktail, including rifampicin, clofazimine and dapsone. Unfortunately, one of these drugs, namely dapsone, may cause the patient to exhibit adverse symptoms that appear as skin hypersensitivity and may potentially lead to death up to 9.9% of the time. In a previous study, it has been established that this adverse drug reaction, which is called dapsone hypersensitivity syndrome (DHS), is associated with an allele in the human leukocyte antigen, HLA-B*13:01. In the light of validating the association of HLA-B*13:01 with DHS in a leprosy endemic area like Indonesia, we conducted a study involving leprosy patients who had DHS during the course of their multi-drug treatment as well as leprosy patients who managed to complete their course of treatment without exhibiting DHS. The results of this study validated the association of HLA-B*13:01 and DHS at a very significant level of evidence and the odds of people carrying at least one allele is 233.3-times the risk of non-carriers. This allele was also able to predict a person at risk of DHS 95% of the time. Thus, screening of HLA-B*13:01 to prevent DHS is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Krismawati
- Institute of Research and Development for Biomedicine Papua, National Institute of Health Research and Development, Jayapura, Indonesia
| | - Astrid Irwanto
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Nalagenetics Pte Ltd, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Arry Pongtiku
- Faculty of Public Health Medicine, University of Cendrawasih Papua, Jayapura, Indonesia
| | - Ishak Darryl Irwan
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yustinus Maladan
- Institute of Research and Development for Biomedicine Papua, National Institute of Health Research and Development, Jayapura, Indonesia
| | - Yuli Arisanti Sitanggang
- Institute of Research and Development for Biomedicine Papua, National Institute of Health Research and Development, Jayapura, Indonesia
| | - Tri Wahyuni
- Institute of Research and Development for Biomedicine Papua, National Institute of Health Research and Development, Jayapura, Indonesia
| | - Ratna Tanjung
- Institute of Research and Development for Biomedicine Papua, National Institute of Health Research and Development, Jayapura, Indonesia
| | - Yonghu Sun
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology & Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy for Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology & Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy for Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Furen Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology & Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy for Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Antonius Oktavian
- Institute of Research and Development for Biomedicine Papua, National Institute of Health Research and Development, Jayapura, Indonesia
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- * E-mail:
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Zheng X, Li Q, Li X, Zhang Y, Wu X, Wei Q, Cao S, Yang M, Lin Z, Liao Z, Qi J, Lv Q, Wang L, Li Y, Irwanto A, Cheng CY, Chai X, Khor CC, Heng CK, Koh WP, Yuan JM, Bei J, Zhang F, Zhang X, Zeng Y, Shen Y, Liu J, Gu J. Analysis of 47 Non-MHC Ankylosing Spondylitis Susceptibility Loci Regarding Associated Variants across Whites and Han Chinese. J Rheumatol 2020; 47:674-681. [PMID: 31523044 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.190184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To present a systematic evaluation of 47 non-MHC ankylosing spondylitis (AS) susceptibility loci that have been initially discovered through white genome-wide association studies in Han Chinese. METHODS Originally, 10,743 samples representing north and south Chinese in 4 datasets were obtained. After data quality control and imputation, metaanalysis results of 94,621 variants within 47 loci were extracted. Four ERAP1 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) and HLA-B27 tag SNP rs13202464 were used for interaction analysis. Population-attributable risk percentages of AS-associated variants were compared. Functional annotations of AS-associated variants were conducted using HaploReg, RegulomeDB, and rVarBase databases. RESULTS We revealed 16 AS-associated variants with nominal evidence in Han Chinese, including rs10865331 (p = 6.30 × 10-10), rs10050860 (p = 4.09 × 10-5) and rs8070463 (p = 1.03 × 10-4). Potential susceptible SNP within these 47 loci were also identified, such as rs13024541 (2p15), rs17401719 (5q15), and rs62074054 (17q21). Epistatic interactions between 3 ERAP1 SNP (rs17401719, rs30187, and rs10050860) and HLA-B27 were confirmed. Among the 16 AS-associated variants, rs30187 showed weaker risk effect, while rs10050860 and rs12504282 seemed to attribute more risk in Han Chinese than in whites. Further genomic annotation pinpointed 35 candidate functional SNP, especially in the 2p15, ERAP1, and NPEPPS-TBKBP1 regions. CONCLUSION Our results provided a detailed spectrum of all the reported non-MHC AS susceptibility loci in Han Chinese, which comprehensively exhibited the ethnic heterogeneity of AS susceptibility and highlighted that 2p15, ERAP1, and NPEPPS-TBKBP1 regions may play a critical role in AS pathogenesis across diverse populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuqi Zheng
- From the Department of Rheumatology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore; The Jackson Laboratory, Farmington, Connecticut, USA; the Singapore Eye Research Institute (SERI); the Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), the Health Systems and Services Research, Duke-National University of Singapore (NUS) Medical School; Departments of Ophthalmology and Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine; the Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute; the Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore; the division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Hillman Cancer Center, Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou; Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology and Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences; National Clinical Key Project of Dermatology and Venereology, Jinan, Shandong; Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Guangzhou; Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, No. 1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University; Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education (Anhui Medical University), Hefei; National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,X. Zheng, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Q. Li, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; X. Li, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Y. Zhang, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; X. Wu, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Q. Wei, BD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; S. Cao, BD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; M. Yang, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Z. Lin, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Z. Liao, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; J. Qi, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Q. Lv, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; L. Wang, MD, Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR; Y. Li, PhD, Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, and The Jackson Laboratory; A. Irwanto, PhD, Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR; C. Cheng, PhD, SERI, Singapore National Eye Centre, Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Eye ACP, Duke-NUS Medical School, Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine; X. Chai, PhD, SERI, Singapore National Eye Centre; C. Khor, PhD, Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR; C. Heng, PhD, Department of Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System; W. Koh, PhD, Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, NUS, Health Systems and Services Research, Duke-NUS Medical School; J. Yuan, PhD, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh; J. Bei, PhD, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; F. Zhang, PhD, Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology and Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences; X. Zhang, PhD, Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology at No. 1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education (Anhui Medical University); Y. Zeng, PhD, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; Y. Shen, PhD, National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; J. Liu, PhD, Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; J. Gu, MD, Department of Rheumatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University
| | - Qiuxia Li
- From the Department of Rheumatology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore; The Jackson Laboratory, Farmington, Connecticut, USA; the Singapore Eye Research Institute (SERI); the Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), the Health Systems and Services Research, Duke-National University of Singapore (NUS) Medical School; Departments of Ophthalmology and Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine; the Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute; the Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore; the division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Hillman Cancer Center, Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou; Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology and Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences; National Clinical Key Project of Dermatology and Venereology, Jinan, Shandong; Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Guangzhou; Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, No. 1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University; Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education (Anhui Medical University), Hefei; National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,X. Zheng, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Q. Li, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; X. Li, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Y. Zhang, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; X. Wu, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Q. Wei, BD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; S. Cao, BD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; M. Yang, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Z. Lin, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Z. Liao, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; J. Qi, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Q. Lv, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; L. Wang, MD, Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR; Y. Li, PhD, Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, and The Jackson Laboratory; A. Irwanto, PhD, Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR; C. Cheng, PhD, SERI, Singapore National Eye Centre, Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Eye ACP, Duke-NUS Medical School, Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine; X. Chai, PhD, SERI, Singapore National Eye Centre; C. Khor, PhD, Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR; C. Heng, PhD, Department of Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System; W. Koh, PhD, Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, NUS, Health Systems and Services Research, Duke-NUS Medical School; J. Yuan, PhD, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh; J. Bei, PhD, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; F. Zhang, PhD, Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology and Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences; X. Zhang, PhD, Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology at No. 1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education (Anhui Medical University); Y. Zeng, PhD, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; Y. Shen, PhD, National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; J. Liu, PhD, Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; J. Gu, MD, Department of Rheumatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University
| | - Xiaomin Li
- From the Department of Rheumatology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore; The Jackson Laboratory, Farmington, Connecticut, USA; the Singapore Eye Research Institute (SERI); the Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), the Health Systems and Services Research, Duke-National University of Singapore (NUS) Medical School; Departments of Ophthalmology and Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine; the Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute; the Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore; the division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Hillman Cancer Center, Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou; Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology and Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences; National Clinical Key Project of Dermatology and Venereology, Jinan, Shandong; Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Guangzhou; Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, No. 1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University; Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education (Anhui Medical University), Hefei; National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,X. Zheng, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Q. Li, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; X. Li, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Y. Zhang, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; X. Wu, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Q. Wei, BD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; S. Cao, BD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; M. Yang, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Z. Lin, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Z. Liao, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; J. Qi, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Q. Lv, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; L. Wang, MD, Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR; Y. Li, PhD, Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, and The Jackson Laboratory; A. Irwanto, PhD, Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR; C. Cheng, PhD, SERI, Singapore National Eye Centre, Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Eye ACP, Duke-NUS Medical School, Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine; X. Chai, PhD, SERI, Singapore National Eye Centre; C. Khor, PhD, Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR; C. Heng, PhD, Department of Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System; W. Koh, PhD, Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, NUS, Health Systems and Services Research, Duke-NUS Medical School; J. Yuan, PhD, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh; J. Bei, PhD, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; F. Zhang, PhD, Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology and Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences; X. Zhang, PhD, Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology at No. 1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education (Anhui Medical University); Y. Zeng, PhD, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; Y. Shen, PhD, National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; J. Liu, PhD, Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; J. Gu, MD, Department of Rheumatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University
| | - Yanli Zhang
- From the Department of Rheumatology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore; The Jackson Laboratory, Farmington, Connecticut, USA; the Singapore Eye Research Institute (SERI); the Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), the Health Systems and Services Research, Duke-National University of Singapore (NUS) Medical School; Departments of Ophthalmology and Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine; the Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute; the Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore; the division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Hillman Cancer Center, Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou; Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology and Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences; National Clinical Key Project of Dermatology and Venereology, Jinan, Shandong; Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Guangzhou; Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, No. 1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University; Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education (Anhui Medical University), Hefei; National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,X. Zheng, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Q. Li, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; X. Li, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Y. Zhang, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; X. Wu, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Q. Wei, BD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; S. Cao, BD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; M. Yang, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Z. Lin, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Z. Liao, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; J. Qi, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Q. Lv, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; L. Wang, MD, Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR; Y. Li, PhD, Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, and The Jackson Laboratory; A. Irwanto, PhD, Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR; C. Cheng, PhD, SERI, Singapore National Eye Centre, Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Eye ACP, Duke-NUS Medical School, Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine; X. Chai, PhD, SERI, Singapore National Eye Centre; C. Khor, PhD, Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR; C. Heng, PhD, Department of Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System; W. Koh, PhD, Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, NUS, Health Systems and Services Research, Duke-NUS Medical School; J. Yuan, PhD, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh; J. Bei, PhD, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; F. Zhang, PhD, Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology and Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences; X. Zhang, PhD, Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology at No. 1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education (Anhui Medical University); Y. Zeng, PhD, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; Y. Shen, PhD, National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; J. Liu, PhD, Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; J. Gu, MD, Department of Rheumatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University
| | - Xinyu Wu
- From the Department of Rheumatology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore; The Jackson Laboratory, Farmington, Connecticut, USA; the Singapore Eye Research Institute (SERI); the Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), the Health Systems and Services Research, Duke-National University of Singapore (NUS) Medical School; Departments of Ophthalmology and Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine; the Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute; the Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore; the division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Hillman Cancer Center, Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou; Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology and Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences; National Clinical Key Project of Dermatology and Venereology, Jinan, Shandong; Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Guangzhou; Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, No. 1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University; Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education (Anhui Medical University), Hefei; National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,X. Zheng, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Q. Li, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; X. Li, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Y. Zhang, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; X. Wu, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Q. Wei, BD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; S. Cao, BD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; M. Yang, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Z. Lin, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Z. Liao, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; J. Qi, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Q. Lv, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; L. Wang, MD, Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR; Y. Li, PhD, Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, and The Jackson Laboratory; A. Irwanto, PhD, Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR; C. Cheng, PhD, SERI, Singapore National Eye Centre, Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Eye ACP, Duke-NUS Medical School, Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine; X. Chai, PhD, SERI, Singapore National Eye Centre; C. Khor, PhD, Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR; C. Heng, PhD, Department of Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System; W. Koh, PhD, Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, NUS, Health Systems and Services Research, Duke-NUS Medical School; J. Yuan, PhD, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh; J. Bei, PhD, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; F. Zhang, PhD, Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology and Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences; X. Zhang, PhD, Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology at No. 1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education (Anhui Medical University); Y. Zeng, PhD, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; Y. Shen, PhD, National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; J. Liu, PhD, Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; J. Gu, MD, Department of Rheumatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University
| | - Qiujing Wei
- From the Department of Rheumatology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore; The Jackson Laboratory, Farmington, Connecticut, USA; the Singapore Eye Research Institute (SERI); the Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), the Health Systems and Services Research, Duke-National University of Singapore (NUS) Medical School; Departments of Ophthalmology and Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine; the Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute; the Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore; the division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Hillman Cancer Center, Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou; Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology and Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences; National Clinical Key Project of Dermatology and Venereology, Jinan, Shandong; Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Guangzhou; Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, No. 1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University; Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education (Anhui Medical University), Hefei; National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,X. Zheng, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Q. Li, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; X. Li, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Y. Zhang, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; X. Wu, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Q. Wei, BD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; S. Cao, BD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; M. Yang, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Z. Lin, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Z. Liao, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; J. Qi, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Q. Lv, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; L. Wang, MD, Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR; Y. Li, PhD, Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, and The Jackson Laboratory; A. Irwanto, PhD, Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR; C. Cheng, PhD, SERI, Singapore National Eye Centre, Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Eye ACP, Duke-NUS Medical School, Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine; X. Chai, PhD, SERI, Singapore National Eye Centre; C. Khor, PhD, Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR; C. Heng, PhD, Department of Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System; W. Koh, PhD, Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, NUS, Health Systems and Services Research, Duke-NUS Medical School; J. Yuan, PhD, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh; J. Bei, PhD, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; F. Zhang, PhD, Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology and Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences; X. Zhang, PhD, Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology at No. 1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education (Anhui Medical University); Y. Zeng, PhD, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; Y. Shen, PhD, National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; J. Liu, PhD, Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; J. Gu, MD, Department of Rheumatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University
| | - Shuangyan Cao
- From the Department of Rheumatology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore; The Jackson Laboratory, Farmington, Connecticut, USA; the Singapore Eye Research Institute (SERI); the Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), the Health Systems and Services Research, Duke-National University of Singapore (NUS) Medical School; Departments of Ophthalmology and Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine; the Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute; the Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore; the division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Hillman Cancer Center, Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou; Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology and Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences; National Clinical Key Project of Dermatology and Venereology, Jinan, Shandong; Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Guangzhou; Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, No. 1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University; Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education (Anhui Medical University), Hefei; National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,X. Zheng, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Q. Li, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; X. Li, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Y. Zhang, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; X. Wu, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Q. Wei, BD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; S. Cao, BD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; M. Yang, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Z. Lin, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Z. Liao, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; J. Qi, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Q. Lv, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; L. Wang, MD, Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR; Y. Li, PhD, Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, and The Jackson Laboratory; A. Irwanto, PhD, Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR; C. Cheng, PhD, SERI, Singapore National Eye Centre, Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Eye ACP, Duke-NUS Medical School, Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine; X. Chai, PhD, SERI, Singapore National Eye Centre; C. Khor, PhD, Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR; C. Heng, PhD, Department of Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System; W. Koh, PhD, Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, NUS, Health Systems and Services Research, Duke-NUS Medical School; J. Yuan, PhD, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh; J. Bei, PhD, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; F. Zhang, PhD, Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology and Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences; X. Zhang, PhD, Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology at No. 1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education (Anhui Medical University); Y. Zeng, PhD, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; Y. Shen, PhD, National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; J. Liu, PhD, Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; J. Gu, MD, Department of Rheumatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University
| | - Mingcan Yang
- From the Department of Rheumatology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore; The Jackson Laboratory, Farmington, Connecticut, USA; the Singapore Eye Research Institute (SERI); the Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), the Health Systems and Services Research, Duke-National University of Singapore (NUS) Medical School; Departments of Ophthalmology and Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine; the Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute; the Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore; the division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Hillman Cancer Center, Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou; Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology and Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences; National Clinical Key Project of Dermatology and Venereology, Jinan, Shandong; Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Guangzhou; Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, No. 1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University; Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education (Anhui Medical University), Hefei; National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,X. Zheng, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Q. Li, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; X. Li, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Y. Zhang, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; X. Wu, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Q. Wei, BD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; S. Cao, BD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; M. Yang, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Z. Lin, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Z. Liao, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; J. Qi, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Q. Lv, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; L. Wang, MD, Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR; Y. Li, PhD, Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, and The Jackson Laboratory; A. Irwanto, PhD, Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR; C. Cheng, PhD, SERI, Singapore National Eye Centre, Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Eye ACP, Duke-NUS Medical School, Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine; X. Chai, PhD, SERI, Singapore National Eye Centre; C. Khor, PhD, Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR; C. Heng, PhD, Department of Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System; W. Koh, PhD, Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, NUS, Health Systems and Services Research, Duke-NUS Medical School; J. Yuan, PhD, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh; J. Bei, PhD, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; F. Zhang, PhD, Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology and Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences; X. Zhang, PhD, Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology at No. 1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education (Anhui Medical University); Y. Zeng, PhD, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; Y. Shen, PhD, National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; J. Liu, PhD, Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; J. Gu, MD, Department of Rheumatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University
| | - Zhiming Lin
- From the Department of Rheumatology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore; The Jackson Laboratory, Farmington, Connecticut, USA; the Singapore Eye Research Institute (SERI); the Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), the Health Systems and Services Research, Duke-National University of Singapore (NUS) Medical School; Departments of Ophthalmology and Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine; the Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute; the Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore; the division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Hillman Cancer Center, Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou; Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology and Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences; National Clinical Key Project of Dermatology and Venereology, Jinan, Shandong; Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Guangzhou; Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, No. 1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University; Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education (Anhui Medical University), Hefei; National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,X. Zheng, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Q. Li, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; X. Li, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Y. Zhang, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; X. Wu, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Q. Wei, BD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; S. Cao, BD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; M. Yang, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Z. Lin, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Z. Liao, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; J. Qi, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Q. Lv, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; L. Wang, MD, Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR; Y. Li, PhD, Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, and The Jackson Laboratory; A. Irwanto, PhD, Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR; C. Cheng, PhD, SERI, Singapore National Eye Centre, Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Eye ACP, Duke-NUS Medical School, Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine; X. Chai, PhD, SERI, Singapore National Eye Centre; C. Khor, PhD, Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR; C. Heng, PhD, Department of Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System; W. Koh, PhD, Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, NUS, Health Systems and Services Research, Duke-NUS Medical School; J. Yuan, PhD, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh; J. Bei, PhD, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; F. Zhang, PhD, Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology and Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences; X. Zhang, PhD, Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology at No. 1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education (Anhui Medical University); Y. Zeng, PhD, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; Y. Shen, PhD, National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; J. Liu, PhD, Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; J. Gu, MD, Department of Rheumatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University
| | - Zetao Liao
- From the Department of Rheumatology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore; The Jackson Laboratory, Farmington, Connecticut, USA; the Singapore Eye Research Institute (SERI); the Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), the Health Systems and Services Research, Duke-National University of Singapore (NUS) Medical School; Departments of Ophthalmology and Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine; the Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute; the Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore; the division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Hillman Cancer Center, Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou; Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology and Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences; National Clinical Key Project of Dermatology and Venereology, Jinan, Shandong; Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Guangzhou; Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, No. 1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University; Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education (Anhui Medical University), Hefei; National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,X. Zheng, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Q. Li, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; X. Li, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Y. Zhang, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; X. Wu, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Q. Wei, BD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; S. Cao, BD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; M. Yang, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Z. Lin, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Z. Liao, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; J. Qi, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Q. Lv, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; L. Wang, MD, Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR; Y. Li, PhD, Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, and The Jackson Laboratory; A. Irwanto, PhD, Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR; C. Cheng, PhD, SERI, Singapore National Eye Centre, Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Eye ACP, Duke-NUS Medical School, Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine; X. Chai, PhD, SERI, Singapore National Eye Centre; C. Khor, PhD, Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR; C. Heng, PhD, Department of Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System; W. Koh, PhD, Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, NUS, Health Systems and Services Research, Duke-NUS Medical School; J. Yuan, PhD, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh; J. Bei, PhD, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; F. Zhang, PhD, Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology and Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences; X. Zhang, PhD, Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology at No. 1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education (Anhui Medical University); Y. Zeng, PhD, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; Y. Shen, PhD, National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; J. Liu, PhD, Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; J. Gu, MD, Department of Rheumatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University
| | - Jun Qi
- From the Department of Rheumatology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore; The Jackson Laboratory, Farmington, Connecticut, USA; the Singapore Eye Research Institute (SERI); the Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), the Health Systems and Services Research, Duke-National University of Singapore (NUS) Medical School; Departments of Ophthalmology and Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine; the Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute; the Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore; the division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Hillman Cancer Center, Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou; Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology and Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences; National Clinical Key Project of Dermatology and Venereology, Jinan, Shandong; Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Guangzhou; Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, No. 1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University; Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education (Anhui Medical University), Hefei; National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,X. Zheng, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Q. Li, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; X. Li, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Y. Zhang, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; X. Wu, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Q. Wei, BD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; S. Cao, BD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; M. Yang, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Z. Lin, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Z. Liao, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; J. Qi, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Q. Lv, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; L. Wang, MD, Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR; Y. Li, PhD, Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, and The Jackson Laboratory; A. Irwanto, PhD, Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR; C. Cheng, PhD, SERI, Singapore National Eye Centre, Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Eye ACP, Duke-NUS Medical School, Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine; X. Chai, PhD, SERI, Singapore National Eye Centre; C. Khor, PhD, Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR; C. Heng, PhD, Department of Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System; W. Koh, PhD, Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, NUS, Health Systems and Services Research, Duke-NUS Medical School; J. Yuan, PhD, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh; J. Bei, PhD, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; F. Zhang, PhD, Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology and Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences; X. Zhang, PhD, Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology at No. 1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education (Anhui Medical University); Y. Zeng, PhD, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; Y. Shen, PhD, National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; J. Liu, PhD, Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; J. Gu, MD, Department of Rheumatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University
| | - Qing Lv
- From the Department of Rheumatology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore; The Jackson Laboratory, Farmington, Connecticut, USA; the Singapore Eye Research Institute (SERI); the Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), the Health Systems and Services Research, Duke-National University of Singapore (NUS) Medical School; Departments of Ophthalmology and Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine; the Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute; the Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore; the division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Hillman Cancer Center, Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou; Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology and Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences; National Clinical Key Project of Dermatology and Venereology, Jinan, Shandong; Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Guangzhou; Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, No. 1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University; Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education (Anhui Medical University), Hefei; National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,X. Zheng, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Q. Li, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; X. Li, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Y. Zhang, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; X. Wu, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Q. Wei, BD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; S. Cao, BD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; M. Yang, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Z. Lin, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Z. Liao, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; J. Qi, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Q. Lv, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; L. Wang, MD, Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR; Y. Li, PhD, Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, and The Jackson Laboratory; A. Irwanto, PhD, Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR; C. Cheng, PhD, SERI, Singapore National Eye Centre, Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Eye ACP, Duke-NUS Medical School, Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine; X. Chai, PhD, SERI, Singapore National Eye Centre; C. Khor, PhD, Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR; C. Heng, PhD, Department of Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System; W. Koh, PhD, Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, NUS, Health Systems and Services Research, Duke-NUS Medical School; J. Yuan, PhD, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh; J. Bei, PhD, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; F. Zhang, PhD, Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology and Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences; X. Zhang, PhD, Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology at No. 1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education (Anhui Medical University); Y. Zeng, PhD, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; Y. Shen, PhD, National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; J. Liu, PhD, Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; J. Gu, MD, Department of Rheumatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University
| | - Ling Wang
- From the Department of Rheumatology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore; The Jackson Laboratory, Farmington, Connecticut, USA; the Singapore Eye Research Institute (SERI); the Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), the Health Systems and Services Research, Duke-National University of Singapore (NUS) Medical School; Departments of Ophthalmology and Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine; the Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute; the Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore; the division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Hillman Cancer Center, Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou; Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology and Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences; National Clinical Key Project of Dermatology and Venereology, Jinan, Shandong; Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Guangzhou; Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, No. 1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University; Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education (Anhui Medical University), Hefei; National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,X. Zheng, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Q. Li, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; X. Li, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Y. Zhang, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; X. Wu, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Q. Wei, BD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; S. Cao, BD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; M. Yang, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Z. Lin, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Z. Liao, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; J. Qi, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Q. Lv, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; L. Wang, MD, Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR; Y. Li, PhD, Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, and The Jackson Laboratory; A. Irwanto, PhD, Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR; C. Cheng, PhD, SERI, Singapore National Eye Centre, Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Eye ACP, Duke-NUS Medical School, Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine; X. Chai, PhD, SERI, Singapore National Eye Centre; C. Khor, PhD, Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR; C. Heng, PhD, Department of Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System; W. Koh, PhD, Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, NUS, Health Systems and Services Research, Duke-NUS Medical School; J. Yuan, PhD, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh; J. Bei, PhD, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; F. Zhang, PhD, Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology and Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences; X. Zhang, PhD, Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology at No. 1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education (Anhui Medical University); Y. Zeng, PhD, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; Y. Shen, PhD, National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; J. Liu, PhD, Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; J. Gu, MD, Department of Rheumatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University
| | - Yi Li
- From the Department of Rheumatology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore; The Jackson Laboratory, Farmington, Connecticut, USA; the Singapore Eye Research Institute (SERI); the Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), the Health Systems and Services Research, Duke-National University of Singapore (NUS) Medical School; Departments of Ophthalmology and Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine; the Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute; the Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore; the division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Hillman Cancer Center, Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou; Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology and Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences; National Clinical Key Project of Dermatology and Venereology, Jinan, Shandong; Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Guangzhou; Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, No. 1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University; Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education (Anhui Medical University), Hefei; National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,X. Zheng, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Q. Li, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; X. Li, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Y. Zhang, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; X. Wu, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Q. Wei, BD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; S. Cao, BD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; M. Yang, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Z. Lin, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Z. Liao, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; J. Qi, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Q. Lv, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; L. Wang, MD, Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR; Y. Li, PhD, Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, and The Jackson Laboratory; A. Irwanto, PhD, Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR; C. Cheng, PhD, SERI, Singapore National Eye Centre, Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Eye ACP, Duke-NUS Medical School, Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine; X. Chai, PhD, SERI, Singapore National Eye Centre; C. Khor, PhD, Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR; C. Heng, PhD, Department of Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System; W. Koh, PhD, Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, NUS, Health Systems and Services Research, Duke-NUS Medical School; J. Yuan, PhD, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh; J. Bei, PhD, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; F. Zhang, PhD, Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology and Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences; X. Zhang, PhD, Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology at No. 1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education (Anhui Medical University); Y. Zeng, PhD, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; Y. Shen, PhD, National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; J. Liu, PhD, Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; J. Gu, MD, Department of Rheumatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University
| | - Astrid Irwanto
- From the Department of Rheumatology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore; The Jackson Laboratory, Farmington, Connecticut, USA; the Singapore Eye Research Institute (SERI); the Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), the Health Systems and Services Research, Duke-National University of Singapore (NUS) Medical School; Departments of Ophthalmology and Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine; the Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute; the Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore; the division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Hillman Cancer Center, Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou; Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology and Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences; National Clinical Key Project of Dermatology and Venereology, Jinan, Shandong; Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Guangzhou; Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, No. 1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University; Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education (Anhui Medical University), Hefei; National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,X. Zheng, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Q. Li, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; X. Li, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Y. Zhang, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; X. Wu, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Q. Wei, BD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; S. Cao, BD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; M. Yang, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Z. Lin, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Z. Liao, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; J. Qi, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Q. Lv, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; L. Wang, MD, Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR; Y. Li, PhD, Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, and The Jackson Laboratory; A. Irwanto, PhD, Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR; C. Cheng, PhD, SERI, Singapore National Eye Centre, Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Eye ACP, Duke-NUS Medical School, Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine; X. Chai, PhD, SERI, Singapore National Eye Centre; C. Khor, PhD, Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR; C. Heng, PhD, Department of Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System; W. Koh, PhD, Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, NUS, Health Systems and Services Research, Duke-NUS Medical School; J. Yuan, PhD, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh; J. Bei, PhD, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; F. Zhang, PhD, Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology and Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences; X. Zhang, PhD, Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology at No. 1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education (Anhui Medical University); Y. Zeng, PhD, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; Y. Shen, PhD, National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; J. Liu, PhD, Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; J. Gu, MD, Department of Rheumatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University
| | - Ching-Yu Cheng
- From the Department of Rheumatology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore; The Jackson Laboratory, Farmington, Connecticut, USA; the Singapore Eye Research Institute (SERI); the Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), the Health Systems and Services Research, Duke-National University of Singapore (NUS) Medical School; Departments of Ophthalmology and Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine; the Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute; the Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore; the division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Hillman Cancer Center, Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou; Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology and Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences; National Clinical Key Project of Dermatology and Venereology, Jinan, Shandong; Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Guangzhou; Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, No. 1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University; Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education (Anhui Medical University), Hefei; National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,X. Zheng, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Q. Li, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; X. Li, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Y. Zhang, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; X. Wu, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Q. Wei, BD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; S. Cao, BD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; M. Yang, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Z. Lin, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Z. Liao, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; J. Qi, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Q. Lv, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; L. Wang, MD, Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR; Y. Li, PhD, Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, and The Jackson Laboratory; A. Irwanto, PhD, Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR; C. Cheng, PhD, SERI, Singapore National Eye Centre, Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Eye ACP, Duke-NUS Medical School, Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine; X. Chai, PhD, SERI, Singapore National Eye Centre; C. Khor, PhD, Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR; C. Heng, PhD, Department of Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System; W. Koh, PhD, Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, NUS, Health Systems and Services Research, Duke-NUS Medical School; J. Yuan, PhD, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh; J. Bei, PhD, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; F. Zhang, PhD, Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology and Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences; X. Zhang, PhD, Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology at No. 1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education (Anhui Medical University); Y. Zeng, PhD, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; Y. Shen, PhD, National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; J. Liu, PhD, Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; J. Gu, MD, Department of Rheumatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University
| | - Xiaoran Chai
- From the Department of Rheumatology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore; The Jackson Laboratory, Farmington, Connecticut, USA; the Singapore Eye Research Institute (SERI); the Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), the Health Systems and Services Research, Duke-National University of Singapore (NUS) Medical School; Departments of Ophthalmology and Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine; the Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute; the Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore; the division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Hillman Cancer Center, Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou; Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology and Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences; National Clinical Key Project of Dermatology and Venereology, Jinan, Shandong; Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Guangzhou; Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, No. 1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University; Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education (Anhui Medical University), Hefei; National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,X. Zheng, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Q. Li, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; X. Li, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Y. Zhang, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; X. Wu, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Q. Wei, BD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; S. Cao, BD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; M. Yang, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Z. Lin, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Z. Liao, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; J. Qi, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Q. Lv, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; L. Wang, MD, Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR; Y. Li, PhD, Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, and The Jackson Laboratory; A. Irwanto, PhD, Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR; C. Cheng, PhD, SERI, Singapore National Eye Centre, Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Eye ACP, Duke-NUS Medical School, Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine; X. Chai, PhD, SERI, Singapore National Eye Centre; C. Khor, PhD, Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR; C. Heng, PhD, Department of Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System; W. Koh, PhD, Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, NUS, Health Systems and Services Research, Duke-NUS Medical School; J. Yuan, PhD, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh; J. Bei, PhD, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; F. Zhang, PhD, Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology and Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences; X. Zhang, PhD, Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology at No. 1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education (Anhui Medical University); Y. Zeng, PhD, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; Y. Shen, PhD, National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; J. Liu, PhD, Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; J. Gu, MD, Department of Rheumatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University
| | - Chiea Chuen Khor
- From the Department of Rheumatology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore; The Jackson Laboratory, Farmington, Connecticut, USA; the Singapore Eye Research Institute (SERI); the Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), the Health Systems and Services Research, Duke-National University of Singapore (NUS) Medical School; Departments of Ophthalmology and Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine; the Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute; the Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore; the division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Hillman Cancer Center, Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou; Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology and Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences; National Clinical Key Project of Dermatology and Venereology, Jinan, Shandong; Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Guangzhou; Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, No. 1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University; Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education (Anhui Medical University), Hefei; National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,X. Zheng, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Q. Li, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; X. Li, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Y. Zhang, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; X. Wu, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Q. Wei, BD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; S. Cao, BD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; M. Yang, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Z. Lin, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Z. Liao, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; J. Qi, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Q. Lv, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; L. Wang, MD, Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR; Y. Li, PhD, Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, and The Jackson Laboratory; A. Irwanto, PhD, Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR; C. Cheng, PhD, SERI, Singapore National Eye Centre, Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Eye ACP, Duke-NUS Medical School, Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine; X. Chai, PhD, SERI, Singapore National Eye Centre; C. Khor, PhD, Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR; C. Heng, PhD, Department of Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System; W. Koh, PhD, Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, NUS, Health Systems and Services Research, Duke-NUS Medical School; J. Yuan, PhD, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh; J. Bei, PhD, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; F. Zhang, PhD, Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology and Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences; X. Zhang, PhD, Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology at No. 1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education (Anhui Medical University); Y. Zeng, PhD, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; Y. Shen, PhD, National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; J. Liu, PhD, Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; J. Gu, MD, Department of Rheumatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University
| | - Chew-Kiat Heng
- From the Department of Rheumatology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore; The Jackson Laboratory, Farmington, Connecticut, USA; the Singapore Eye Research Institute (SERI); the Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), the Health Systems and Services Research, Duke-National University of Singapore (NUS) Medical School; Departments of Ophthalmology and Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine; the Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute; the Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore; the division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Hillman Cancer Center, Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou; Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology and Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences; National Clinical Key Project of Dermatology and Venereology, Jinan, Shandong; Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Guangzhou; Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, No. 1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University; Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education (Anhui Medical University), Hefei; National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,X. Zheng, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Q. Li, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; X. Li, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Y. Zhang, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; X. Wu, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Q. Wei, BD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; S. Cao, BD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; M. Yang, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Z. Lin, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Z. Liao, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; J. Qi, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Q. Lv, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; L. Wang, MD, Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR; Y. Li, PhD, Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, and The Jackson Laboratory; A. Irwanto, PhD, Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR; C. Cheng, PhD, SERI, Singapore National Eye Centre, Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Eye ACP, Duke-NUS Medical School, Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine; X. Chai, PhD, SERI, Singapore National Eye Centre; C. Khor, PhD, Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR; C. Heng, PhD, Department of Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System; W. Koh, PhD, Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, NUS, Health Systems and Services Research, Duke-NUS Medical School; J. Yuan, PhD, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh; J. Bei, PhD, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; F. Zhang, PhD, Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology and Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences; X. Zhang, PhD, Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology at No. 1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education (Anhui Medical University); Y. Zeng, PhD, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; Y. Shen, PhD, National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; J. Liu, PhD, Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; J. Gu, MD, Department of Rheumatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University
| | - Woon-Puay Koh
- From the Department of Rheumatology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore; The Jackson Laboratory, Farmington, Connecticut, USA; the Singapore Eye Research Institute (SERI); the Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), the Health Systems and Services Research, Duke-National University of Singapore (NUS) Medical School; Departments of Ophthalmology and Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine; the Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute; the Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore; the division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Hillman Cancer Center, Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou; Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology and Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences; National Clinical Key Project of Dermatology and Venereology, Jinan, Shandong; Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Guangzhou; Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, No. 1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University; Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education (Anhui Medical University), Hefei; National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,X. Zheng, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Q. Li, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; X. Li, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Y. Zhang, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; X. Wu, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Q. Wei, BD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; S. Cao, BD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; M. Yang, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Z. Lin, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Z. Liao, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; J. Qi, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Q. Lv, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; L. Wang, MD, Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR; Y. Li, PhD, Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, and The Jackson Laboratory; A. Irwanto, PhD, Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR; C. Cheng, PhD, SERI, Singapore National Eye Centre, Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Eye ACP, Duke-NUS Medical School, Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine; X. Chai, PhD, SERI, Singapore National Eye Centre; C. Khor, PhD, Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR; C. Heng, PhD, Department of Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System; W. Koh, PhD, Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, NUS, Health Systems and Services Research, Duke-NUS Medical School; J. Yuan, PhD, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh; J. Bei, PhD, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; F. Zhang, PhD, Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology and Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences; X. Zhang, PhD, Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology at No. 1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education (Anhui Medical University); Y. Zeng, PhD, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; Y. Shen, PhD, National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; J. Liu, PhD, Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; J. Gu, MD, Department of Rheumatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University
| | - Jian-Min Yuan
- From the Department of Rheumatology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore; The Jackson Laboratory, Farmington, Connecticut, USA; the Singapore Eye Research Institute (SERI); the Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), the Health Systems and Services Research, Duke-National University of Singapore (NUS) Medical School; Departments of Ophthalmology and Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine; the Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute; the Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore; the division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Hillman Cancer Center, Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou; Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology and Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences; National Clinical Key Project of Dermatology and Venereology, Jinan, Shandong; Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Guangzhou; Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, No. 1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University; Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education (Anhui Medical University), Hefei; National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,X. Zheng, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Q. Li, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; X. Li, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Y. Zhang, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; X. Wu, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Q. Wei, BD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; S. Cao, BD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; M. Yang, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Z. Lin, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Z. Liao, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; J. Qi, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Q. Lv, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; L. Wang, MD, Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR; Y. Li, PhD, Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, and The Jackson Laboratory; A. Irwanto, PhD, Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR; C. Cheng, PhD, SERI, Singapore National Eye Centre, Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Eye ACP, Duke-NUS Medical School, Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine; X. Chai, PhD, SERI, Singapore National Eye Centre; C. Khor, PhD, Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR; C. Heng, PhD, Department of Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System; W. Koh, PhD, Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, NUS, Health Systems and Services Research, Duke-NUS Medical School; J. Yuan, PhD, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh; J. Bei, PhD, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; F. Zhang, PhD, Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology and Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences; X. Zhang, PhD, Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology at No. 1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education (Anhui Medical University); Y. Zeng, PhD, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; Y. Shen, PhD, National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; J. Liu, PhD, Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; J. Gu, MD, Department of Rheumatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University
| | - Jinxin Bei
- From the Department of Rheumatology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore; The Jackson Laboratory, Farmington, Connecticut, USA; the Singapore Eye Research Institute (SERI); the Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), the Health Systems and Services Research, Duke-National University of Singapore (NUS) Medical School; Departments of Ophthalmology and Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine; the Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute; the Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore; the division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Hillman Cancer Center, Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou; Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology and Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences; National Clinical Key Project of Dermatology and Venereology, Jinan, Shandong; Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Guangzhou; Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, No. 1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University; Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education (Anhui Medical University), Hefei; National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,X. Zheng, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Q. Li, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; X. Li, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Y. Zhang, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; X. Wu, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Q. Wei, BD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; S. Cao, BD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; M. Yang, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Z. Lin, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Z. Liao, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; J. Qi, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Q. Lv, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; L. Wang, MD, Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR; Y. Li, PhD, Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, and The Jackson Laboratory; A. Irwanto, PhD, Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR; C. Cheng, PhD, SERI, Singapore National Eye Centre, Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Eye ACP, Duke-NUS Medical School, Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine; X. Chai, PhD, SERI, Singapore National Eye Centre; C. Khor, PhD, Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR; C. Heng, PhD, Department of Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System; W. Koh, PhD, Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, NUS, Health Systems and Services Research, Duke-NUS Medical School; J. Yuan, PhD, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh; J. Bei, PhD, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; F. Zhang, PhD, Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology and Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences; X. Zhang, PhD, Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology at No. 1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education (Anhui Medical University); Y. Zeng, PhD, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; Y. Shen, PhD, National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; J. Liu, PhD, Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; J. Gu, MD, Department of Rheumatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University
| | - Furen Zhang
- From the Department of Rheumatology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore; The Jackson Laboratory, Farmington, Connecticut, USA; the Singapore Eye Research Institute (SERI); the Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), the Health Systems and Services Research, Duke-National University of Singapore (NUS) Medical School; Departments of Ophthalmology and Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine; the Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute; the Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore; the division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Hillman Cancer Center, Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou; Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology and Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences; National Clinical Key Project of Dermatology and Venereology, Jinan, Shandong; Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Guangzhou; Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, No. 1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University; Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education (Anhui Medical University), Hefei; National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,X. Zheng, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Q. Li, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; X. Li, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Y. Zhang, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; X. Wu, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Q. Wei, BD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; S. Cao, BD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; M. Yang, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Z. Lin, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Z. Liao, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; J. Qi, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Q. Lv, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; L. Wang, MD, Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR; Y. Li, PhD, Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, and The Jackson Laboratory; A. Irwanto, PhD, Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR; C. Cheng, PhD, SERI, Singapore National Eye Centre, Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Eye ACP, Duke-NUS Medical School, Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine; X. Chai, PhD, SERI, Singapore National Eye Centre; C. Khor, PhD, Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR; C. Heng, PhD, Department of Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System; W. Koh, PhD, Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, NUS, Health Systems and Services Research, Duke-NUS Medical School; J. Yuan, PhD, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh; J. Bei, PhD, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; F. Zhang, PhD, Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology and Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences; X. Zhang, PhD, Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology at No. 1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education (Anhui Medical University); Y. Zeng, PhD, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; Y. Shen, PhD, National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; J. Liu, PhD, Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; J. Gu, MD, Department of Rheumatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University
| | - Xuejun Zhang
- From the Department of Rheumatology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore; The Jackson Laboratory, Farmington, Connecticut, USA; the Singapore Eye Research Institute (SERI); the Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), the Health Systems and Services Research, Duke-National University of Singapore (NUS) Medical School; Departments of Ophthalmology and Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine; the Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute; the Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore; the division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Hillman Cancer Center, Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou; Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology and Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences; National Clinical Key Project of Dermatology and Venereology, Jinan, Shandong; Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Guangzhou; Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, No. 1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University; Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education (Anhui Medical University), Hefei; National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,X. Zheng, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Q. Li, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; X. Li, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Y. Zhang, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; X. Wu, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Q. Wei, BD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; S. Cao, BD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; M. Yang, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Z. Lin, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Z. Liao, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; J. Qi, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Q. Lv, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; L. Wang, MD, Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR; Y. Li, PhD, Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, and The Jackson Laboratory; A. Irwanto, PhD, Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR; C. Cheng, PhD, SERI, Singapore National Eye Centre, Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Eye ACP, Duke-NUS Medical School, Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine; X. Chai, PhD, SERI, Singapore National Eye Centre; C. Khor, PhD, Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR; C. Heng, PhD, Department of Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System; W. Koh, PhD, Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, NUS, Health Systems and Services Research, Duke-NUS Medical School; J. Yuan, PhD, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh; J. Bei, PhD, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; F. Zhang, PhD, Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology and Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences; X. Zhang, PhD, Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology at No. 1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education (Anhui Medical University); Y. Zeng, PhD, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; Y. Shen, PhD, National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; J. Liu, PhD, Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; J. Gu, MD, Department of Rheumatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University
| | - Yixin Zeng
- From the Department of Rheumatology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore; The Jackson Laboratory, Farmington, Connecticut, USA; the Singapore Eye Research Institute (SERI); the Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), the Health Systems and Services Research, Duke-National University of Singapore (NUS) Medical School; Departments of Ophthalmology and Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine; the Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute; the Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore; the division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Hillman Cancer Center, Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou; Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology and Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences; National Clinical Key Project of Dermatology and Venereology, Jinan, Shandong; Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Guangzhou; Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, No. 1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University; Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education (Anhui Medical University), Hefei; National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,X. Zheng, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Q. Li, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; X. Li, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Y. Zhang, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; X. Wu, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Q. Wei, BD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; S. Cao, BD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; M. Yang, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Z. Lin, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Z. Liao, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; J. Qi, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Q. Lv, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; L. Wang, MD, Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR; Y. Li, PhD, Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, and The Jackson Laboratory; A. Irwanto, PhD, Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR; C. Cheng, PhD, SERI, Singapore National Eye Centre, Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Eye ACP, Duke-NUS Medical School, Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine; X. Chai, PhD, SERI, Singapore National Eye Centre; C. Khor, PhD, Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR; C. Heng, PhD, Department of Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System; W. Koh, PhD, Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, NUS, Health Systems and Services Research, Duke-NUS Medical School; J. Yuan, PhD, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh; J. Bei, PhD, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; F. Zhang, PhD, Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology and Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences; X. Zhang, PhD, Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology at No. 1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education (Anhui Medical University); Y. Zeng, PhD, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; Y. Shen, PhD, National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; J. Liu, PhD, Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; J. Gu, MD, Department of Rheumatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University
| | - Yan Shen
- From the Department of Rheumatology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore; The Jackson Laboratory, Farmington, Connecticut, USA; the Singapore Eye Research Institute (SERI); the Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), the Health Systems and Services Research, Duke-National University of Singapore (NUS) Medical School; Departments of Ophthalmology and Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine; the Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute; the Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore; the division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Hillman Cancer Center, Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou; Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology and Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences; National Clinical Key Project of Dermatology and Venereology, Jinan, Shandong; Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Guangzhou; Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, No. 1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University; Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education (Anhui Medical University), Hefei; National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,X. Zheng, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Q. Li, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; X. Li, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Y. Zhang, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; X. Wu, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Q. Wei, BD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; S. Cao, BD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; M. Yang, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Z. Lin, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Z. Liao, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; J. Qi, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Q. Lv, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; L. Wang, MD, Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR; Y. Li, PhD, Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, and The Jackson Laboratory; A. Irwanto, PhD, Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR; C. Cheng, PhD, SERI, Singapore National Eye Centre, Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Eye ACP, Duke-NUS Medical School, Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine; X. Chai, PhD, SERI, Singapore National Eye Centre; C. Khor, PhD, Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR; C. Heng, PhD, Department of Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System; W. Koh, PhD, Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, NUS, Health Systems and Services Research, Duke-NUS Medical School; J. Yuan, PhD, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh; J. Bei, PhD, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; F. Zhang, PhD, Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology and Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences; X. Zhang, PhD, Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology at No. 1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education (Anhui Medical University); Y. Zeng, PhD, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; Y. Shen, PhD, National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; J. Liu, PhD, Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; J. Gu, MD, Department of Rheumatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University
| | - Jianjun Liu
- From the Department of Rheumatology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore; The Jackson Laboratory, Farmington, Connecticut, USA; the Singapore Eye Research Institute (SERI); the Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), the Health Systems and Services Research, Duke-National University of Singapore (NUS) Medical School; Departments of Ophthalmology and Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine; the Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute; the Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore; the division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Hillman Cancer Center, Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou; Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology and Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences; National Clinical Key Project of Dermatology and Venereology, Jinan, Shandong; Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Guangzhou; Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, No. 1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University; Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education (Anhui Medical University), Hefei; National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China. .,X. Zheng, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Q. Li, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; X. Li, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Y. Zhang, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; X. Wu, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Q. Wei, BD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; S. Cao, BD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; M. Yang, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Z. Lin, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Z. Liao, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; J. Qi, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Q. Lv, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; L. Wang, MD, Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR; Y. Li, PhD, Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, and The Jackson Laboratory; A. Irwanto, PhD, Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR; C. Cheng, PhD, SERI, Singapore National Eye Centre, Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Eye ACP, Duke-NUS Medical School, Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine; X. Chai, PhD, SERI, Singapore National Eye Centre; C. Khor, PhD, Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR; C. Heng, PhD, Department of Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System; W. Koh, PhD, Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, NUS, Health Systems and Services Research, Duke-NUS Medical School; J. Yuan, PhD, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh; J. Bei, PhD, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; F. Zhang, PhD, Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology and Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences; X. Zhang, PhD, Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology at No. 1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education (Anhui Medical University); Y. Zeng, PhD, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; Y. Shen, PhD, National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; J. Liu, PhD, Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; J. Gu, MD, Department of Rheumatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University.
| | - Jieruo Gu
- From the Department of Rheumatology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore; The Jackson Laboratory, Farmington, Connecticut, USA; the Singapore Eye Research Institute (SERI); the Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), the Health Systems and Services Research, Duke-National University of Singapore (NUS) Medical School; Departments of Ophthalmology and Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine; the Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute; the Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore; the division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Hillman Cancer Center, Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou; Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology and Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences; National Clinical Key Project of Dermatology and Venereology, Jinan, Shandong; Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Guangzhou; Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, No. 1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University; Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education (Anhui Medical University), Hefei; National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China. .,X. Zheng, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Q. Li, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; X. Li, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Y. Zhang, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; X. Wu, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Q. Wei, BD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; S. Cao, BD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; M. Yang, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Z. Lin, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Z. Liao, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; J. Qi, PhD, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Q. Lv, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; L. Wang, MD, Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR; Y. Li, PhD, Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, and The Jackson Laboratory; A. Irwanto, PhD, Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR; C. Cheng, PhD, SERI, Singapore National Eye Centre, Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Eye ACP, Duke-NUS Medical School, Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine; X. Chai, PhD, SERI, Singapore National Eye Centre; C. Khor, PhD, Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR; C. Heng, PhD, Department of Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System; W. Koh, PhD, Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, NUS, Health Systems and Services Research, Duke-NUS Medical School; J. Yuan, PhD, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh; J. Bei, PhD, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; F. Zhang, PhD, Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology and Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences; X. Zhang, PhD, Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology at No. 1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education (Anhui Medical University); Y. Zeng, PhD, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; Y. Shen, PhD, National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; J. Liu, PhD, Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; J. Gu, MD, Department of Rheumatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University.
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10
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Liu H, Wang Z, Bao F, Wang C, Sun L, Zhang H, Yu G, Mi Z, Li J, Li L, Zhao Q, Yue Z, Zhao W, Yu W, Cao J, Xiong F, Wang Y, Chai Z, Cheng X, Zhang Y, Fu F, Lang X, Wang X, Irwanto A, Krismawati H, Fu X, Sun Y, You J, Liu J, Pan Q, Chu T, Liu D, Chen S, Shen J, Yan L, Zhang G, Liu J, Zhang F, Xiong L, Yang J, Li J, Ke W, Li M, Ning Y, Xiong J, Li M, Xiong M, Yang B, Duan Q, Wang H, Li W, Kuang Y, Li J, Wang L, Cao Q, Xiao P, Xiao B, Zhang L, Lin Z, Wang Y, Shen Y, Yan L, Wu W, Zheng H, Zhan X, Li W, Shang X, Xu Y, Liu Q. Evaluation of Prospective HLA-B*13:01 Screening to Prevent Dapsone Hypersensitivity Syndrome in Patients With Leprosy. JAMA Dermatol 2020; 155:666-672. [PMID: 30916737 DOI: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2018.5360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Importance Dapsone hypersensitivity syndrome (DHS) is the most serious adverse reaction associated with dapsone administration and one of the major causes of death in patients with leprosy, whose standard treatment includes multidrug therapy (MDT) with dapsone, rifampicin, and clofazimine. Although the HLA-B*13:01 polymorphism has been identified as the genetic determinant of DHS in the Chinese population, no studies to date have been done to evaluate whether prospective HLA-B*13:01 screening could prevent DHS by identifying patients who should not receive dapsone. Objective To evaluate the clinical use of prospective HLA-B*13:01 screening for reduction of the incidence of DHS by excluding dapsone from the treatment for patients with HLA-B*13:01-positive leprosy. Design, Setting, and Participants A prospective cohort study was conducted from February 15, 2015, to April 30, 2018, in 21 provinces throughout China. A total of 1539 patients with newly diagnosed leprosy were enrolled who had not received dapsone previously. After excluding patients who had a history of allergy to sulfones or glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, 1512 individuals underwent HLA-B*13:01 genotyping. All of the patients were followed up weekly for the first 8 weeks after treatment to monitor for adverse events. Exposures Patients who were HLA-B*13:01 carriers were instructed to eliminate dapsone from their treatment regimens, and noncarrier patients received standard MDT. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was the incidence of DHS. The historical incidence rate of DHS (1.0%) was used as a control. Results Among 1512 patients (1026 [67.9%] men, 486 [32.1%] women; mean [SD] age, 43.1 [16.2] years), 261 (17.3%) were identified as carriers of the HLA-B*13:01 allele. A total of 714 adverse events in 384 patients were observed during the follow-up period. Dapsone hypersensitivity syndrome did not develop in any of the 1251 patients who were HLA-B*13:01-negative who received dapsone, while approximately 13 patients would be expected to experience DHS, based on the historical incidence rate of 1.0% per year (P = 2.05 × 10-5). No significant correlation was found between other adverse events, including dermatologic or other events, and HLA-B*13:01 status. Conclusions and Relevance Prospective HLA-B*13:01 screening and subsequent elimination of dapsone from MDT for patients with HLA-B*13:01-positive leprosy may significantly reduce the incidence of DHS in the Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Liu
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, Chinakrismawati.,Shandong Provincial Key Lab for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Medical Center for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhenzhen Wang
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Lab for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Fangfang Bao
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Lab for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Chuan Wang
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Lab for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Lele Sun
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Lab for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Huimin Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Lab for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Gongqi Yu
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Lab for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zihao Mi
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Lab for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jianke Li
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Lab for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Lulu Li
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Lab for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qing Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Lab for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhenhua Yue
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Lab for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Lab for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wenjun Yu
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Lab for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jing Cao
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Lab for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Fei Xiong
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Lab for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yaru Wang
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Lab for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zemin Chai
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Lab for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiujun Cheng
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Lab for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Lab for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Fanghui Fu
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Lab for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoqiao Lang
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Lab for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoling Wang
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Lab for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Astrid Irwanto
- Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research of Singapore
| | - Hana Krismawati
- Papua Biomedical Research Center, National Institute for Health Research, Indonesian Ministry of Health, Jl Kesehatan 10, Dok II, Jayapura, Papua, Indonesia
| | - Xi'an Fu
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Lab for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yonghu Sun
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Lab for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jiabao You
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qing Pan
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Lab for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Tongsheng Chu
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Dianchang Liu
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shumin Chen
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jianping Shen
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu
| | - Liangbin Yan
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu
| | - Guocheng Zhang
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research of Singapore
| | - Furen Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, Chinakrismawati.,Shandong Provincial Key Lab for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Medical Center for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | | | - Li Xiong
- Yunnan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming, Yunnan
| | - Jun Yang
- Yunnan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming, Yunnan
| | - Jinlan Li
- Guizhou Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang, Guizhou
| | - Wei Ke
- Guizhou Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang, Guizhou
| | - Ming Li
- Guizhou Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang, Guizhou
| | - Yong Ning
- Sichuan Provincial Institute of Dermatology, Chengdu, Sichuan
| | - Junhao Xiong
- Sichuan Provincial Institute of Dermatology, Chengdu, Sichuan
| | - Ming Li
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Dermatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong
| | - Mingzhou Xiong
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Dermatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong
| | - Bin Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Dermatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong
| | - Qizhi Duan
- Guangxi Provincial Institute of Dermatology, Nanning, Guangxi
| | - Hong Wang
- Guangxi Provincial Institute of Dermatology, Nanning, Guangxi
| | - Wei Li
- Guangxi Provincial Institute of Dermatology, Nanning, Guangxi
| | - Yanfei Kuang
- Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha, Hunan
| | - Junhua Li
- Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha, Hunan
| | - Lamei Wang
- Jiangxi Provincial Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Nanchang, Jiangxi
| | - Qiuyang Cao
- Jiangxi Provincial Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Nanchang, Jiangxi
| | - Peng Xiao
- Chongqing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing
| | - Bangzhong Xiao
- Chongqing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing
| | - Lianhua Zhang
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu
| | - Zhaoxing Lin
- Shanxi Provincial Institute for Endemic Disease Control, Xi'an, Shanxi
| | - Yaofei Wang
- Shanxi Provincial Institute for Endemic Disease Control, Xi'an, Shanxi
| | - Yunliang Shen
- Zhejiang Provincial Institute of Dermatology, Huzhou, Zhejiang
| | - Liying Yan
- Zhejiang Provincial Institute of Dermatology, Huzhou, Zhejiang
| | - Wenbin Wu
- Fujian Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuzhou, Fujian
| | - Hu Zheng
- Anhui Provincial Institute of Dermatology, Hefei, Anhui
| | - Xianfa Zhan
- Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, Hubei
| | - Wanghua Li
- Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, Hubei
| | - Xiujian Shang
- Xinjiang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Urumchi, Xinjiang
| | - Yujun Xu
- Hainan Provincial Center for Skin Disease and STI Control, Haikou, Hainan
| | - Qiao Liu
- Hainan Provincial Center for Skin Disease and STI Control, Haikou, Hainan
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11
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Sun Y, Liu H, Yang B, Wang C, Foo JN, Bao F, Irwanto A, Yu G, Fu X, Wang Z, You J, Liu J, Zhou G, Liu J, Zhang F. Investigation of the predisposing factor of pemphigus and its clinical subtype through a genome-wide association and next generation sequence analysis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2018; 33:410-415. [PMID: 30169916 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.15227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pemphigus is an autoimmune blistering disease with pemphigus vulgaris (PV) and foliaceus (PF) as the two major histological subtypes. Associations with HLA molecules have been suggested, but specific HLA risk variants as well as non-HLA risk variants remain to be discovered. METHODS We performed a two-stage genome-wide association study in the Chinese Han population through a genome-wide discovery analysis and follow-up validation analysis in a total number of 210 PV, 159 PF and 2493 healthy controls. HLA imputation as well as high coverage next generation sequencing based HLA genotyping was employed to investigate the association of classical HLA alleles and amino acid change. RESULTS We have discovered independent novel associations with PF at rs2178077 on 12q24.33, located next to RAN (PPF = 1.57 × 10-9 ) and rs3888722 within the MHC region (P = 6.73 × 10-9 ). For the HLA variants, we confirmed independent genome-wide level risk associations in HLA-DQB1 and HLA-DRB1, with DQB1*05:03 to be the strongest association with PV (P = 8.59 × 10-68 , OR = 31.16) and PF (P = 4.84 × 10-17 , OR = 5.64). In addition, DRB1*14 was demonstrated to be a second independent variants (P = 4.2 × 10-63 , OR = 35.47) for PV, while DRB1*04:06 was demonstrated to be the second independent signal (P = 7.44 × 10-13 , OR = 5.58) for PF. CONCLUSIONS These findings advance our understanding of the genetic basis of pemphigus susceptibility and may offer opportunities for risk prediction and preventive treatment for pemphigus, in particular for PV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Sun
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,School of Medicine and Life Science, University of Jinan-Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Lab for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - H Liu
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,School of Medicine and Life Science, University of Jinan-Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Lab for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - B Yang
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - C Wang
- Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Lab for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - J N Foo
- Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, Singapore city, Singapore
| | - F Bao
- Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Lab for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - A Irwanto
- Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, Singapore city, Singapore
| | - G Yu
- Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Lab for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - X Fu
- Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Lab for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Z Wang
- Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Lab for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - J You
- Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Lab for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - J Liu
- Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Lab for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - G Zhou
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - J Liu
- Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, Singapore city, Singapore
| | - F Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,School of Medicine and Life Science, University of Jinan-Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Lab for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong, China.,National Clinical Key Project of Dermatology and Venereology, Jinan, Shandong, China
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12
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Liu H, Wang Z, Li Y, Yu G, Fu X, Wang C, Liu W, Yu Y, Bao F, Irwanto A, Liu J, Chu T, Andiappan AK, Maurer-Stroh S, Limviphuvadh V, Wang H, Mi Z, Sun Y, Sun L, Wang L, Wang C, You J, Li J, Foo JN, Liany H, Meah WY, Niu G, Yue Z, Zhao Q, Wang N, Yu M, Yu W, Cheng X, Khor CC, Sim KS, Aung T, Wang N, Wang D, Shi L, Ning Y, Zheng Z, Yang R, Li J, Yang J, Yan L, Shen J, Zhang G, Chen S, Liu J, Zhang F. Genome-Wide Analysis of Protein-Coding Variants in Leprosy. J Invest Dermatol 2017; 137:2544-2551. [PMID: 28842327 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 07/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Although genome-wide association studies have greatly advanced our understanding of the contribution of common noncoding variants to leprosy susceptibility, protein-coding variants have not been systematically investigated. We carried out a three-stage genome-wide association study of protein-coding variants in Han Chinese, of whom were 7,048 leprosy patients and 14,398 were healthy control subjects. Seven coding variants of exome-wide significance were discovered, including two rare variants: rs145562243 in NCKIPSD (P = 1.71 × 10-9, odds ratio [OR] = 4.35) and rs149308743 in CARD9 (P = 2.09 × 10-8, OR = 4.75); three low-frequency variants: rs76418789 in IL23R (P = 1.03 × 10-10, OR = 1.36), rs146466242 in FLG (P = 3.39 × 10-12, OR = 1.45), and rs55882956 in TYK2 (P = 1.04 × 10-6, OR = 1.30); and two common variants: rs780668 in SLC29A3 (P = 2.17 × 10-9, OR = 1.14) and rs181206 in IL27 (P = 1.08 × 10-7, OR = 0.83). Discovered protein-coding variants, particularly low-frequency and rare ones, showed involvement of skin barrier and endocytosis/phagocytosis/autophagy, in addition to known innate and adaptive immunity, in the pathogenesis of leprosy, highlighting the merits of protein-coding variant studies for complex diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Liu
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China; Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong University, Jinan, China; Shandong Provincial Key Lab for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, China; Shandong Provincial Medical Center for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, China
| | - Zhenzhen Wang
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China; Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong University, Jinan, China; Shandong Provincial Key Lab for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, China
| | - Yi Li
- Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, Singapore; Computational Sciences, The Jackson Laboratory, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Gongqi Yu
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China; Shandong Provincial Key Lab for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, China
| | - Xi'an Fu
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China; Shandong Provincial Key Lab for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, China; School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chuan Wang
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China; Shandong Provincial Key Lab for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, China
| | - Wenting Liu
- Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, Singapore
| | - Yongxiang Yu
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China; Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Fangfang Bao
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China; Shandong Provincial Key Lab for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, China
| | - Astrid Irwanto
- Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, Singapore
| | - Jian Liu
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China; Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Tongsheng Chu
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China; Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Anand Kumar Andiappan
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sebastian Maurer-Stroh
- Biomolecular Function Discovery Division, Bioinformatics Institute, A*STAR, Singapore; School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | | | - Honglei Wang
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China; Shandong Provincial Key Lab for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, China; School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zihao Mi
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China; Shandong Provincial Key Lab for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, China
| | - Yonghu Sun
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China; Shandong Provincial Key Lab for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, China
| | - Lele Sun
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China; Shandong Provincial Key Lab for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, Singapore
| | - Chaolong Wang
- Computational and Systems Biology, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, Singapore
| | - Jiabao You
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China; Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jinghui Li
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China; Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jia Nee Foo
- Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, Singapore
| | - Herty Liany
- Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, Singapore
| | - Wee Yang Meah
- Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, Singapore
| | - Guiye Niu
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China; Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong University, Jinan, China; Shandong Provincial Key Lab for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, China
| | - Zhenhua Yue
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China; Shandong Provincial Key Lab for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, China; School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qing Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China; Shandong Provincial Key Lab for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, China; School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Na Wang
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China; Shandong Provincial Key Lab for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, China; School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Meiwen Yu
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenjun Yu
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China; Shandong Provincial Key Lab for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, China; School of Medicine and Life Science, University of Jinan-Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiujun Cheng
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China; Shandong Provincial Key Lab for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, China; School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chiea Chuen Khor
- Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, Singapore
| | - Kar Seng Sim
- Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, Singapore
| | - Tin Aung
- Singapore National Eye Centre, Glaucoma Department, Singapore
| | - Ningli Wang
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Science Key Lab, Beijing, China
| | - Deyun Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Li Shi
- Department of Otolaryngology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yong Ning
- Sichuan Provincial Institute of Dermatology, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhongyi Zheng
- Honghe Institute of Dermatology, Honghe, Yunnan, China
| | - Rongde Yang
- Wenshan Institute of Dermatology, Wenshan, Yunnan, China
| | - Jinlan Li
- Guizhou Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guizhou, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Yunnan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yunnan, China
| | - Liangbin Yan
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianping Shen
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Guocheng Zhang
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Shumin Chen
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China; Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, Singapore
| | - Furen Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China; Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong University, Jinan, China; Shandong Provincial Key Lab for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, China; Shandong Provincial Medical Center for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, China; School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China; School of Medicine and Life Science, University of Jinan-Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China; National Clinical Key Project of Dermatology and Venereology, Jinan, China.
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13
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Kumar D, Puan KJ, Andiappan AK, Lee B, Westerlaken GHA, Haase D, Melchiotti R, Li Z, Yusof N, Lum J, Koh G, Foo S, Yeong J, Alves AC, Pekkanen J, Sun LD, Irwanto A, Fairfax BP, Naranbhai V, Common JEA, Tang M, Chuang CK, Jarvelin MR, Knight JC, Zhang X, Chew FT, Prabhakar S, Jianjun L, Wang DY, Zolezzi F, Poidinger M, Lane EB, Meyaard L, Rötzschke O. A functional SNP associated with atopic dermatitis controls cell type-specific methylation of the VSTM1 gene locus. Genome Med 2017; 9:18. [PMID: 28219444 PMCID: PMC5319034 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-017-0404-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) databases represent a valuable resource to link disease-associated SNPs to specific candidate genes whose gene expression is significantly modulated by the SNP under investigation. We previously identified signal inhibitory receptor on leukocytes-1 (SIRL-1) as a powerful regulator of human innate immune cell function. While it is constitutively high expressed on neutrophils, on monocytes the SIRL-1 surface expression varies strongly between individuals. The underlying mechanism of regulation, its genetic control as well as potential clinical implications had not been explored yet. METHODS Whole blood eQTL data of a Chinese cohort was used to identify SNPs regulating the expression of VSTM1, the gene encoding SIRL-1. The genotype effect was validated by flow cytometry (cell surface expression), correlated with electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and bisulfite sequencing (C-methylation) and its functional impact studied the inhibition of reactive oxygen species (ROS). RESULTS We found a significant association of a single CpG-SNP, rs612529T/C, located in the promoter of VSTM1. Through flow cytometry analysis we confirmed that primarily in the monocytes the protein level of SIRL-1 is strongly associated with genotype of this SNP. In monocytes, the T allele of this SNP facilitates binding of the transcription factors YY1 and PU.1, of which the latter has been recently shown to act as docking site for modifiers of DNA methylation. In line with this notion rs612529T associates with a complete demethylation of the VSTM1 promoter correlating with the allele-specific upregulation of SIRL-1 expression. In monocytes, this upregulation strongly impacts the IgA-induced production of ROS by these cells. Through targeted association analysis we found a significant Meta P value of 1.14 × 10-6 for rs612529 for association to atopic dermatitis (AD). CONCLUSION Low expression of SIRL-1 on monocytes is associated with an increased risk for the manifestation of an inflammatory skin disease. It thus underlines the role of both the cell subset and this inhibitory immune receptor in maintaining immune homeostasis in the skin. Notably, the genetic regulation is achieved by a single CpG-SNP, which controls the overall methylation state of the promoter gene segment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilip Kumar
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 8A Biomedical Grove #04-06, Singapore, 138648, Republic of Singapore
| | - Kia Joo Puan
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 8A Biomedical Grove #04-06, Singapore, 138648, Republic of Singapore
| | - Anand Kumar Andiappan
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 8A Biomedical Grove #04-06, Singapore, 138648, Republic of Singapore
| | - Bernett Lee
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 8A Biomedical Grove #04-06, Singapore, 138648, Republic of Singapore
| | - Geertje H A Westerlaken
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Department of Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, P.O. box 85090, Utrecht, 3508 AB, The Netherlands
| | - Doreen Haase
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 8A Biomedical Grove #04-06, Singapore, 138648, Republic of Singapore
| | - Rossella Melchiotti
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 8A Biomedical Grove #04-06, Singapore, 138648, Republic of Singapore
| | - Zhuang Li
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 8A Biomedical Grove #04-06, Singapore, 138648, Republic of Singapore
| | - Nurhashikin Yusof
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 8A Biomedical Grove #04-06, Singapore, 138648, Republic of Singapore
| | - Josephine Lum
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 8A Biomedical Grove #04-06, Singapore, 138648, Republic of Singapore
| | - Geraldine Koh
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 8A Biomedical Grove #04-06, Singapore, 138648, Republic of Singapore
| | - Shihui Foo
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 8A Biomedical Grove #04-06, Singapore, 138648, Republic of Singapore
| | - Joe Yeong
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 8A Biomedical Grove #04-06, Singapore, 138648, Republic of Singapore.,Department of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Alexessander Couto Alves
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Juha Pekkanen
- Department of Environmental Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Liang Dan Sun
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology at No.1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Astrid Irwanto
- Genome Institute of Singapore (GIS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research of Singapore (A*STAR), Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Benjamin P Fairfax
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, UK.,Department of Oncology, Cancer and Haematology Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Vivek Naranbhai
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, UK.,Department of Oncology, Cancer and Haematology Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - John E A Common
- Institute of Medical Biology (IMB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Mark Tang
- National Skin Center, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Chin Keh Chuang
- Institute of Molecular & Cellular Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 138648, Republic of Singapore.,Department of Physiology, NUS Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Center for Life Course Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, 90014, Oulu, Finland.,Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, Aapistie 5A, 90014, Oulu, Finland.,Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Kajaanintie 50, 90029 OYS, P.O. Box 20, 90220, Oulu, Finland
| | | | - Xuejun Zhang
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology at No.1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Fook Tim Chew
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Shyam Prabhakar
- Genome Institute of Singapore (GIS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research of Singapore (A*STAR), Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Liu Jianjun
- Genome Institute of Singapore (GIS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research of Singapore (A*STAR), Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - De Yun Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore.,Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Francesca Zolezzi
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 8A Biomedical Grove #04-06, Singapore, 138648, Republic of Singapore
| | - Michael Poidinger
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 8A Biomedical Grove #04-06, Singapore, 138648, Republic of Singapore
| | - E Birgitte Lane
- Institute of Medical Biology (IMB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Linde Meyaard
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Department of Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, P.O. box 85090, Utrecht, 3508 AB, The Netherlands.
| | - Olaf Rötzschke
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 8A Biomedical Grove #04-06, Singapore, 138648, Republic of Singapore.
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14
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Wang Z, Sun Y, Fu X, Yu G, Wang C, Bao F, Yue Z, Li J, Sun L, Irwanto A, Yu Y, Chen M, Mi Z, Wang H, Huai P, Li Y, Du T, Yu W, Xia Y, Xiao H, You J, Li J, Yang Q, Wang N, Shang P, Niu G, Chi X, Wang X, Cao J, Cheng X, Liu H, Liu J, Zhang F. A large-scale genome-wide association and meta-analysis identified four novel susceptibility loci for leprosy. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13760. [PMID: 27976721 PMCID: PMC5172377 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Leprosy, a chronic infectious disease, results from the uncultivable pathogen Mycobacterium leprae (M. leprae), and usually progresses to peripheral neuropathy and permanent progressive deformity if not treated. Previously published genetic studies have identified 18 gene/loci significantly associated with leprosy at the genome-wide significant level. However as a complex disease, only a small proportion of leprosy risk could be explained by those gene/loci. To further identify more susceptibility gene/loci, we hereby performed a three-stage GWAS comprising 8,156 leprosy patients and 15,610 controls of Chinese ancestry. Four novel loci were identified including rs6807915 on 3p25.2 (P=1.94 × 10−8, OR=0.89), rs4720118 on 7p14.3 (P=3.85 × 10−10, OR=1.16), rs55894533 on 8p23.1 (P=5.07 × 10−11, OR=1.15) and rs10100465 on 8q24.11 (P=2.85 × 10−11, OR=0.85). Altogether, these findings have provided new insight and significantly expanded our understanding of the genetic basis of leprosy.
Previous studies have shown genetic associations between leprosy and 18 different genes/loci. Here, Wang and colleagues perform genome-wide association study in Han Chinese leprosy patients and describe four novel loci to be associated to the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Wang
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China
| | - Yonghu Sun
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China
| | - Xi'an Fu
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China.,School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China
| | - Gongqi Yu
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China.,School of Medicine and Life Science, University of Jinan-Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250022, China
| | - Chuan Wang
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China
| | - Fangfang Bao
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China
| | - Zhenhua Yue
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China.,School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China
| | - Jianke Li
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China.,Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China
| | - Lele Sun
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China
| | - Astrid Irwanto
- Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Yongxiang Yu
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China
| | - Mingfei Chen
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China
| | - Zihao Mi
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China
| | - Honglei Wang
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China.,School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China
| | - Pengcheng Huai
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China.,School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China
| | - Yi Li
- Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Tiantian Du
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China.,Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China
| | - Wenjun Yu
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China.,Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China
| | - Yang Xia
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China.,Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China
| | - Hailu Xiao
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China
| | - Jiabao You
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China
| | - Jinghui Li
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China
| | - Qing Yang
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China.,Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China
| | - Na Wang
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China.,School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China
| | - Panpan Shang
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China
| | - Guiye Niu
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China
| | - Xiaojun Chi
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China.,Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China
| | - Xiuhuan Wang
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China.,Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China
| | - Jing Cao
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China.,School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China
| | - Xiujun Cheng
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China.,School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China.,Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Furen Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China.,School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China.,School of Medicine and Life Science, University of Jinan-Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250022, China.,Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China.,National Clinical Key Project of Dermatology and Venereology, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China
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15
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Fehringer G, Kraft P, Pharoah PD, Eeles RA, Chatterjee N, Schumacher FR, Schildkraut JM, Lindström S, Brennan P, Bickeböller H, Houlston RS, Landi MT, Caporaso N, Risch A, Amin Al Olama A, Berndt SI, Giovannucci EL, Grönberg H, Kote-Jarai Z, Ma J, Muir K, Stampfer MJ, Stevens VL, Wiklund F, Willett WC, Goode EL, Permuth JB, Risch HA, Reid BM, Bezieau S, Brenner H, Chan AT, Chang-Claude J, Hudson TJ, Kocarnik JK, Newcomb PA, Schoen RE, Slattery ML, White E, Adank MA, Ahsan H, Aittomäki K, Baglietto L, Blomquist C, Canzian F, Czene K, Dos-Santos-Silva I, Eliassen AH, Figueroa JD, Flesch-Janys D, Fletcher O, Garcia-Closas M, Gaudet MM, Johnson N, Hall P, Hazra A, Hein R, Hofman A, Hopper JL, Irwanto A, Johansson M, Kaaks R, Kibriya MG, Lichtner P, Liu J, Lund E, Makalic E, Meindl A, Müller-Myhsok B, Muranen TA, Nevanlinna H, Peeters PH, Peto J, Prentice RL, Rahman N, Sanchez MJ, Schmidt DF, Schmutzler RK, Southey MC, Tamimi R, Travis RC, Turnbull C, Uitterlinden AG, Wang Z, Whittemore AS, Yang XR, Zheng W, Buchanan DD, Casey G, Conti DV, Edlund CK, Gallinger S, Haile RW, Jenkins M, Le Marchand L, Li L, Lindor NM, Schmit SL, Thibodeau SN, Woods MO, Rafnar T, Gudmundsson J, Stacey SN, Stefansson K, Sulem P, Chen YA, Tyrer JP, Christiani DC, Wei Y, Shen H, Hu Z, Shu XO, Shiraishi K, Takahashi A, Bossé Y, Obeidat M, Nickle D, Timens W, Freedman ML, Li Q, Seminara D, Chanock SJ, Gong J, Peters U, Gruber SB, Amos CI, Sellers TA, Easton DF, Hunter DJ, Haiman CA, Henderson BE, Hung RJ. Cross-Cancer Genome-Wide Analysis of Lung, Ovary, Breast, Prostate, and Colorectal Cancer Reveals Novel Pleiotropic Associations. Cancer Res 2016; 76:5103-14. [PMID: 27197191 PMCID: PMC5010493 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-2980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Identifying genetic variants with pleiotropic associations can uncover common pathways influencing multiple cancers. We took a two-stage approach to conduct genome-wide association studies for lung, ovary, breast, prostate, and colorectal cancer from the GAME-ON/GECCO Network (61,851 cases, 61,820 controls) to identify pleiotropic loci. Findings were replicated in independent association studies (55,789 cases, 330,490 controls). We identified a novel pleiotropic association at 1q22 involving breast and lung squamous cell carcinoma, with eQTL analysis showing an association with ADAM15/THBS3 gene expression in lung. We also identified a known breast cancer locus CASP8/ALS2CR12 associated with prostate cancer, a known cancer locus at CDKN2B-AS1 with different variants associated with lung adenocarcinoma and prostate cancer, and confirmed the associations of a breast BRCA2 locus with lung and serous ovarian cancer. This is the largest study to date examining pleiotropy across multiple cancer-associated loci, identifying common mechanisms of cancer development and progression. Cancer Res; 76(17); 5103-14. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon Fehringer
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Peter Kraft
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Sara Lindström
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Paul Brennan
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Angela Risch
- Division of Cancer Genetics/Epigenetics, Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria. Division of Epigenomics and Cancer Risk Factors, DKFZ - German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany. Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC-H), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jing Ma
- Harvard Medical School, Boston Massachusetts. Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kenneth Muir
- University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom. The University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | | | - Victoria L Stevens
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | - Walter C Willett
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany. Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany. German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andrew T Chan
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- National Center for Tumor Diseases and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Robert E Schoen
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Emily White
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Muriel A Adank
- VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Kristiina Aittomäki
- University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Carl Blomquist
- University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Federico Canzian
- Genomic Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Isabel Dos-Santos-Silva
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - A Heather Eliassen
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts. Harvard Medical School, Boston Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Olivia Fletcher
- Breakthrough Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Mia M Gaudet
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Nichola Johnson
- Breakthrough Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Per Hall
- Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Aditi Hazra
- Harvard Medical School, Boston Massachusetts
| | - Rebecca Hein
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Germany. Institute of Medical Statistics, Informatics and Epidemiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Albert Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - John L Hopper
- Melbourne School of Population Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Mattias Johansson
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France. Department of Biobank Research, Umea University, Umea, Sweden
| | - Rudolf Kaaks
- National Center for Tumor Diseases and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Peter Lichtner
- German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | - Eiliv Lund
- Institute of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway
| | - Enes Makalic
- Melbourne School of Population Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | | | - Taru A Muranen
- University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heli Nevanlinna
- University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Petra H Peeters
- Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Julian Peto
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Maria Jose Sanchez
- Escuela Andaluza de Salud Publica, Instituto de Investigacion Biosanitaria ibs. GRANADA, Granada, Spain. Hospitales Universitarios de Granada/Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain. CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel F Schmidt
- Melbourne School of Population Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Ruth C Travis
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Andre G Uitterlinden
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands. Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Wei Zheng
- Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | | | - Graham Casey
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - David V Conti
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | | | - Steven Gallinger
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Mark Jenkins
- The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Loïc Le Marchand
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Li Li
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center and Mary Ann Swetland Center for Environmental Health, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | | | | | | | - Michael O Woods
- Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yongyue Wei
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hongbing Shen
- Nanjing Medical University School of Public Health, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhibin Hu
- Nanjing Medical University School of Public Health, Nanjing, China
| | | | - Kouya Shiraishi
- Division of Genome Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Takahashi
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yohan Bossé
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | - Ma'en Obeidat
- University of British Columbia Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada
| | - David Nickle
- Merck & Co, Merck Research Laboratories, Seattle, Washington
| | - Wim Timens
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, GRIAC Research Institute, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | - Jian Gong
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Ulrike Peters
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | | | | | | | | | - David J Hunter
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Rayjean J Hung
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada.
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16
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Vilhjálmsson B, Yang J, Finucane H, Gusev A, Lindström S, Ripke S, Genovese G, Loh PR, Bhatia G, Do R, Hayeck T, Won HH, Kathiresan S, Pato M, Pato C, Tamimi R, Stahl E, Zaitlen N, Pasaniuc B, Belbin G, Kenny EE, Schierup MH, De Jager P, Patsopoulos NA, McCarroll S, Daly M, Purcell S, Chasman D, Neale B, Goddard M, Visscher PM, Kraft P, Patterson N, Price AL, Ripke S, Neale B, Corvin A, Walters J, Farh KH, Holmans P, Lee P, Bulik-Sullivan B, Collier D, Huang H, Pers T, Agartz I, Agerbo E, Albus M, Alexander M, Amin F, Bacanu S, Begemann M, Belliveau R, Bene J, Bergen S, Bevilacqua E, Bigdeli T, Black D, Bruggeman R, Buccola N, Buckner R, Byerley W, Cahn W, Cai G, Campion D, Cantor R, Carr V, Carrera N, Catts S, Chambert K, Chan R, Chen R, Chen E, Cheng W, Cheung E, Chong S, Cloninger C, Cohen D, Cohen N, Cormican P, Craddock N, Crowley J, Curtis D, Davidson M, Davis K, Degenhardt F, Del Favero J, DeLisi L, Demontis D, Dikeos D, Dinan T, Djurovic S, Donohoe G, Drapeau E, Duan J, Dudbridge F, Durmishi N, Eichhammer P, Eriksson J, Escott-Price V, Essioux L, Fanous A, Farrell M, Frank J, Franke L, Freedman R, Freimer N, Friedl M, Friedman J, Fromer M, Genovese G, Georgieva L, Gershon E, Giegling I, Giusti-Rodrguez P, Godard S, Goldstein J, Golimbet V, Gopal S, Gratten J, Grove J, de Haan L, Hammer C, Hamshere M, Hansen M, Hansen T, Haroutunian V, Hartmann A, Henskens F, Herms S, Hirschhorn J, Hoffmann P, Hofman A, Hollegaard M, Hougaard D, Ikeda M, Joa I, Julia A, Kahn R, Kalaydjieva L, Karachanak-Yankova S, Karjalainen J, Kavanagh D, Keller M, Kelly B, Kennedy J, Khrunin A, Kim Y, Klovins J, Knowles J, Konte B, Kucinskas V, Kucinskiene Z, Kuzelova-Ptackova H, Kahler A, Laurent C, Keong J, Lee S, Legge S, Lerer B, Li M, Li T, Liang KY, Lieberman J, Limborska S, Loughland C, Lubinski J, Lnnqvist J, Macek M, Magnusson P, Maher B, Maier W, Mallet J, Marsal S, Mattheisen M, Mattingsdal M, McCarley R, McDonald C, McIntosh A, Meier S, Meijer C, Melegh B, Melle I, Mesholam-Gately R, Metspalu A, Michie P, Milani L, Milanova V, Mokrab Y, Morris D, Mors O, Mortensen P, Murphy K, Murray R, Myin-Germeys I, Mller-Myhsok B, Nelis M, Nenadic I, Nertney D, Nestadt G, Nicodemus K, Nikitina-Zake L, Nisenbaum L, Nordin A, O’Callaghan E, O’Dushlaine C, O’Neill F, Oh SY, Olincy A, Olsen L, Van Os J, Pantelis C, Papadimitriou G, Papiol S, Parkhomenko E, Pato M, Paunio T, Pejovic-Milovancevic M, Perkins D, Pietilinen O, Pimm J, Pocklington A, Powell J, Price A, Pulver A, Purcell S, Quested D, Rasmussen H, Reichenberg A, Reimers M, Richards A, Roffman J, Roussos P, Ruderfer D, Salomaa V, Sanders A, Schall U, Schubert C, Schulze T, Schwab S, Scolnick E, Scott R, Seidman L, Shi J, Sigurdsson E, Silagadze T, Silverman J, Sim K, Slominsky P, Smoller J, So HC, Spencer C, Stahl E, Stefansson H, Steinberg S, Stogmann E, Straub R, Strengman E, Strohmaier J, Stroup T, Subramaniam M, Suvisaari J, Svrakic D, Szatkiewicz J, Sderman E, Thirumalai S, Toncheva D, Tooney P, Tosato S, Veijola J, Waddington J, Walsh D, Wang D, Wang Q, Webb B, Weiser M, Wildenauer D, Williams N, Williams S, Witt S, Wolen A, Wong E, Wormley B, Wu J, Xi H, Zai C, Zheng X, Zimprich F, Wray N, Stefansson K, Visscher P, Adolfsson R, Andreassen O, Blackwood D, Bramon E, Buxbaum J, Børglum A, Cichon S, Darvasi A, Domenici E, Ehrenreich H, Esko T, Gejman P, Gill M, Gurling H, Hultman C, Iwata N, Jablensky A, Jonsson E, Kendler K, Kirov G, Knight J, Lencz T, Levinson D, Li Q, Liu J, Malhotra A, McCarroll S, McQuillin A, Moran J, Mortensen P, Mowry B, Nthen M, Ophoff R, Owen M, Palotie A, Pato C, Petryshen T, Posthuma D, Rietschel M, Riley B, Rujescu D, Sham P, Sklar P, St. Clair D, Weinberger D, Wendland J, Werge T, Daly M, Sullivan P, O’Donovan M, Kraft P, Hunter DJ, Adank M, Ahsan H, Aittomäki K, Baglietto L, Berndt S, Blomquist C, Canzian F, Chang-Claude J, Chanock SJ, Crisponi L, Czene K, Dahmen N, Silva IDS, Easton D, Eliassen AH, Figueroa J, Fletcher O, Garcia-Closas M, Gaudet MM, Gibson L, Haiman CA, Hall P, Hazra A, Hein R, Henderson BE, Hofman A, Hopper JL, Irwanto A, Johansson M, Kaaks R, Kibriya MG, Lichtner P, Lindström S, Liu J, Lund E, Makalic E, Meindl A, Meijers-Heijboer H, Müller-Myhsok B, Muranen TA, Nevanlinna H, Peeters PH, Peto J, Prentice RL, Rahman N, Sánchez MJ, Schmidt DF, Schmutzler RK, Southey MC, Tamimi R, Travis R, Turnbull C, Uitterlinden AG, van der Luijt RB, Waisfisz Q, Wang Z, Whittemore AS, Yang R, Zheng W. Modeling Linkage Disequilibrium Increases Accuracy of Polygenic Risk Scores. Am J Hum Genet 2015; 97:576-92. [PMID: 26430803 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 773] [Impact Index Per Article: 85.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Polygenic risk scores have shown great promise in predicting complex disease risk and will become more accurate as training sample sizes increase. The standard approach for calculating risk scores involves linkage disequilibrium (LD)-based marker pruning and applying a p value threshold to association statistics, but this discards information and can reduce predictive accuracy. We introduce LDpred, a method that infers the posterior mean effect size of each marker by using a prior on effect sizes and LD information from an external reference panel. Theory and simulations show that LDpred outperforms the approach of pruning followed by thresholding, particularly at large sample sizes. Accordingly, predicted R(2) increased from 20.1% to 25.3% in a large schizophrenia dataset and from 9.8% to 12.0% in a large multiple sclerosis dataset. A similar relative improvement in accuracy was observed for three additional large disease datasets and for non-European schizophrenia samples. The advantage of LDpred over existing methods will grow as sample sizes increase.
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Andiappan AK, Melchiotti R, Poh TY, Nah M, Puan KJ, Vigano E, Haase D, Yusof N, San Luis B, Lum J, Kumar D, Foo S, Zhuang L, Vasudev A, Irwanto A, Lee B, Nardin A, Liu H, Zhang F, Connolly J, Liu J, Mortellaro A, Wang DY, Poidinger M, Larbi A, Zolezzi F, Rotzschke O. Genome-wide analysis of the genetic regulation of gene expression in human neutrophils. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7971. [PMID: 26259071 PMCID: PMC4918343 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are an abundant immune cell type involved in both antimicrobial defence and autoimmunity. The regulation of their gene expression, however, is still largely unknown. Here we report an eQTL study on isolated neutrophils from 114 healthy individuals of Chinese ethnicity, identifying 21,210 eQTLs on 832 unique genes. Unsupervised clustering analysis of these eQTLs confirms their role in inflammatory responses and immunological diseases but also indicates strong involvement in dermatological pathologies. One of the strongest eQTL identified (rs2058660) is also the tagSNP of a linkage block reported to affect leprosy and Crohn's disease in opposite directions. In a functional study, we can link the C allele with low expression of the β-chain of IL18-receptor (IL18RAP). In neutrophils, this results in a reduced responsiveness to IL-18, detected both on the RNA and protein level. Thus, the polymorphic regulation of human neutrophils can impact beneficial as well as pathological inflammatory responses. Neutrophils are abundant immune cells important for antimicrobial defence and in autoimmunity. Here, by mapping expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) in neutrophils of Chinese ethnicity from Singapore, Andiappan et al. provide a resource for understanding immune-related trait associated genetic variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Kumar Andiappan
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), #04-06, 8A Biomedical Grove, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rossella Melchiotti
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), #04-06, 8A Biomedical Grove, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tuang Yeow Poh
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), #04-06, 8A Biomedical Grove, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Michelle Nah
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), #04-06, 8A Biomedical Grove, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kia Joo Puan
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), #04-06, 8A Biomedical Grove, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Elena Vigano
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), #04-06, 8A Biomedical Grove, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Doreen Haase
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), #04-06, 8A Biomedical Grove, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nurhashikin Yusof
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), #04-06, 8A Biomedical Grove, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Boris San Luis
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), #04-06, 8A Biomedical Grove, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Josephine Lum
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), #04-06, 8A Biomedical Grove, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dilip Kumar
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), #04-06, 8A Biomedical Grove, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shihui Foo
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), #04-06, 8A Biomedical Grove, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Li Zhuang
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), #04-06, 8A Biomedical Grove, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anusha Vasudev
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), #04-06, 8A Biomedical Grove, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Astrid Irwanto
- Department of Human Genetics, Genome institute of Singapore (GIS), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bernett Lee
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), #04-06, 8A Biomedical Grove, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Alessandra Nardin
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), #04-06, 8A Biomedical Grove, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hong Liu
- Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China.,School of Medicine, Shandong University, Shandong Provincial Medical Center for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Provincial Academy of Medical Science, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Furen Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China.,School of Medicine, Shandong University, Shandong Provincial Medical Center for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Provincial Academy of Medical Science, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - John Connolly
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), #04-06, 8A Biomedical Grove, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Department of Human Genetics, Genome institute of Singapore (GIS), Singapore, Singapore.,School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Alessandra Mortellaro
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), #04-06, 8A Biomedical Grove, Singapore, Singapore
| | - De Yun Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Michael Poidinger
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), #04-06, 8A Biomedical Grove, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anis Larbi
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), #04-06, 8A Biomedical Grove, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Francesca Zolezzi
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), #04-06, 8A Biomedical Grove, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Olaf Rotzschke
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), #04-06, 8A Biomedical Grove, Singapore, Singapore
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18
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Jin P, Andiappan AK, Quek JM, Lee B, Au B, Sio YY, Irwanto A, Schurmann C, Grabe HJ, Suri BK, Matta SA, Westra HJ, Franke L, Esko T, Sun L, Zhang X, Liu H, Zhang F, Larbi A, Xu X, Poidinger M, Liu J, Chew FT, Rotzschke O, Shi L, Wang DY. A functional brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene variant increases the risk of moderate-to-severe allergic rhinitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2015; 135:1486-93.e8. [PMID: 25649076 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.12.1870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Revised: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a secretory protein that has been implicated in the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis (AR), atopic asthma, and eczema, but it is currently unknown whether BDNF polymorphisms influence susceptibility to moderate-to-severe AR. OBJECTIVE We sought to identify disease associations and the functional effect of BDNF genetic variants in patients with moderate-to-severe AR. METHODS Tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) spanning the BDNF gene were selected from the human HapMap Han Chinese from Beijing (CHB) data set, and associations with moderate-to-severe AR were assessed in 2 independent cohorts of Chinese patients (2216 from Shandong province and 1239 living in Singapore). The functional effects of the BDNF genetic variants were determined by using both in vitro and ex vivo assays. RESULTS The tagging SNP rs10767664 was significantly associated with the risk of moderate-to-severe AR in both Singapore Chinese (P = .0017; odds ratio, 1.324) and Shandong Chinese populations (P = .039; odds ratio, 1.180). The coding nonsynonymous SNP rs6265 was in perfect linkage with rs10767664 and conferred increased BDNF protein secretion by a human cell line in vitro. Subjects bearing the AA genotype of rs10767664 exhibited increased risk of moderate-to-severe AR and displayed increased BDNF protein and total IgE levels in plasma. Using a large-scale expression quantitative trait locus study, we demonstrated that BDNF SNPs are significantly associated with altered BDNF concentrations in peripheral blood. CONCLUSION A common genetic variant of the BDNF gene is associated with increased risk of moderate-to-severe AR, and the AA genotype is associated with increased BDNF mRNA levels in peripheral blood. Together, these data indicate that functional BDNF gene variants increase the risk of moderate-to-severe AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Jin
- Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology of the Ministry of Health, Department of Otolaryngology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China; Department of Otolaryngology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Anand Kumar Andiappan
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore; Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jia Min Quek
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bernett Lee
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Bijin Au
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Yang Yie Sio
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Astrid Irwanto
- the Genome Institute of Singapore (GIS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Claudia Schurmann
- Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Hans Jörgen Grabe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, HELIOS Hospital Stralsund, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Bani Kaur Suri
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sri Anusha Matta
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Harm-Jan Westra
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lude Franke
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tonu Esko
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Liangdan Sun
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology at No. 1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; State Key Laboratory Incubation Base of Dermatology, Ministry of National Science and Technology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Key Lab of Dermatology (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education, Hefei, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Complex and Severe Skin Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xuejun Zhang
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology at No. 1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; State Key Laboratory Incubation Base of Dermatology, Ministry of National Science and Technology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Key Lab of Dermatology (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education, Hefei, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Complex and Severe Skin Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong University, Jinan, China; Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China; Shandong Provincial Key Lab for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, China; Shandong Provincial Medical Center for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, China
| | - Furen Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong University, Jinan, China; Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China; Shandong Provincial Key Lab for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, China; Shandong Provincial Medical Center for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, China
| | - Anis Larbi
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Xin Xu
- Qingdao Caretaker Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Michael Poidinger
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Jianjun Liu
- the Genome Institute of Singapore (GIS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Fook Tim Chew
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Olaf Rotzschke
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Li Shi
- Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology of the Ministry of Health, Department of Otolaryngology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
| | - De Yun Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore.
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19
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Lin WY, Camp NJ, Ghoussaini M, Beesley J, Michailidou K, Hopper JL, Apicella C, Southey MC, Stone J, Schmidt MK, Broeks A, Van't Veer LJ, Th Rutgers EJ, Muir K, Lophatananon A, Stewart-Brown S, Siriwanarangsan P, Fasching PA, Haeberle L, Ekici AB, Beckmann MW, Peto J, Dos-Santos-Silva I, Fletcher O, Johnson N, Bolla MK, Wang Q, Dennis J, Sawyer EJ, Cheng T, Tomlinson I, Kerin MJ, Miller N, Marmé F, Surowy HM, Burwinkel B, Guénel P, Truong T, Menegaux F, Mulot C, Bojesen SE, Nordestgaard BG, Nielsen SF, Flyger H, Benitez J, Zamora MP, Arias Perez JI, Menéndez P, González-Neira A, Pita G, Alonso MR, Alvarez N, Herrero D, Anton-Culver H, Brenner H, Dieffenbach AK, Arndt V, Stegmaier C, Meindl A, Lichtner P, Schmutzler RK, Müller-Myhsok B, Brauch H, Brüning T, Ko YD, Tessier DC, Vincent D, Bacot F, Nevanlinna H, Aittomäki K, Blomqvist C, Khan S, Matsuo K, Ito H, Iwata H, Horio A, Bogdanova NV, Antonenkova NN, Dörk T, Lindblom A, Margolin S, Mannermaa A, Kataja V, Kosma VM, Hartikainen JM, Wu AH, Tseng CC, Van Den Berg D, Stram DO, Neven P, Wauters E, Wildiers H, Lambrechts D, Chang-Claude J, Rudolph A, Seibold P, Flesch-Janys D, Radice P, Peterlongo P, Manoukian S, Bonanni B, Couch FJ, Wang X, Vachon C, Purrington K, Giles GG, Milne RL, Mclean C, Haiman CA, Henderson BE, Schumacher F, Le Marchand L, Simard J, Goldberg MS, Labrèche F, Dumont M, Teo SH, Yip CH, Hassan N, Vithana EN, Kristensen V, Zheng W, Deming-Halverson S, Shrubsole MJ, Long J, Winqvist R, Pylkäs K, Jukkola-Vuorinen A, Kauppila S, Andrulis IL, Knight JA, Glendon G, Tchatchou S, Devilee P, Tollenaar RAEM, Seynaeve C, Van Asperen CJ, García-Closas M, Figueroa J, Lissowska J, Brinton L, Czene K, Darabi H, Eriksson M, Brand JS, Hooning MJ, Hollestelle A, Van Den Ouweland AMW, Jager A, Li J, Liu J, Humphreys K, Shu XO, Lu W, Gao YT, Cai H, Cross SS, Reed MWR, Blot W, Signorello LB, Cai Q, Pharoah PDP, Perkins B, Shah M, Blows FM, Kang D, Yoo KY, Noh DY, Hartman M, Miao H, Chia KS, Putti TC, Hamann U, Luccarini C, Baynes C, Ahmed S, Maranian M, Healey CS, Jakubowska A, Lubinski J, Jaworska-Bieniek K, Durda K, Sangrajrang S, Gaborieau V, Brennan P, Mckay J, Slager S, Toland AE, Yannoukakos D, Shen CY, Hsiung CN, Wu PE, Ding SL, Ashworth A, Jones M, Orr N, Swerdlow AJ, Tsimiklis H, Makalic E, Schmidt DF, Bui QM, Chanock SJ, Hunter DJ, Hein R, Dahmen N, Beckmann L, Aaltonen K, Muranen TA, Heikkinen T, Irwanto A, Rahman N, Turnbull CA, Waisfisz Q, Meijers-Heijboer HEJ, Adank MA, Van Der Luijt RB, Hall P, Chenevix-Trench G, Dunning A, Easton DF, Cox A. Identification and characterization of novel associations in the CASP8/ALS2CR12 region on chromosome 2 with breast cancer risk. Hum Mol Genet 2015; 24:285-98. [PMID: 25168388 PMCID: PMC4334820 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddu431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Revised: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that polymorphisms in CASP8 on chromosome 2 are associated with breast cancer risk. To clarify the role of CASP8 in breast cancer susceptibility, we carried out dense genotyping of this region in the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC). Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) spanning a 1 Mb region around CASP8 were genotyped in 46 450 breast cancer cases and 42 600 controls of European origin from 41 studies participating in the BCAC as part of a custom genotyping array experiment (iCOGS). Missing genotypes and SNPs were imputed and, after quality exclusions, 501 typed and 1232 imputed SNPs were included in logistic regression models adjusting for study and ancestry principal components. The SNPs retained in the final model were investigated further in data from nine genome-wide association studies (GWAS) comprising in total 10 052 case and 12 575 control subjects. The most significant association signal observed in European subjects was for the imputed intronic SNP rs1830298 in ALS2CR12 (telomeric to CASP8), with per allele odds ratio and 95% confidence interval [OR (95% confidence interval, CI)] for the minor allele of 1.05 (1.03-1.07), P = 1 × 10(-5). Three additional independent signals from intronic SNPs were identified, in CASP8 (rs36043647), ALS2CR11 (rs59278883) and CFLAR (rs7558475). The association with rs1830298 was replicated in the imputed results from the combined GWAS (P = 3 × 10(-6)), yielding a combined OR (95% CI) of 1.06 (1.04-1.08), P = 1 × 10(-9). Analyses of gene expression associations in peripheral blood and normal breast tissue indicate that CASP8 might be the target gene, suggesting a mechanism involving apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Yu Lin
- Department of Oncology, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan County 333, Taiwan
| | - Nicola J Camp
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84108-1266, USA
| | - Maya Ghoussaini
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care
| | | | - Kyriaki Michailidou
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care
| | - John L Hopper
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health
| | - Carmel Apicella
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health
| | | | - Jennifer Stone
- Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, Melbourne School of Population Health
| | - Marjanka K Schmidt
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam 1066 CX, the Netherlands
| | - Annegien Broeks
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam 1066 CX, the Netherlands
| | - Laura J Van't Veer
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam 1066 CX, the Netherlands
| | - Emiel J Th Rutgers
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam 1066 CX, the Netherlands
| | - Kenneth Muir
- Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, Warwick University, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK Institute of Population Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9QQ, UK
| | - Artitaya Lophatananon
- Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, Warwick University, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Sarah Stewart-Brown
- Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, Warwick University, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | | | - Peter A Fasching
- University Breast Center Franconia, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Lothar Haeberle
- University Breast Center Franconia, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics
| | - Arif B Ekici
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen D-91054, Germany
| | | | - Julian Peto
- Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Isabel Dos-Santos-Silva
- Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | | | | | - Manjeet K Bolla
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care
| | - Qin Wang
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care
| | - Joe Dennis
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care
| | - Elinor J Sawyer
- Division of Cancer Studies, Kings College London, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Timothy Cheng
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics and Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Ian Tomlinson
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics and Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Michael J Kerin
- School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Nicola Miller
- School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Frederik Marmé
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology National Center for Tumor Diseases, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69117, Germany
| | - Harald M Surowy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Molecular Epidemiology Group
| | - Barbara Burwinkel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Molecular Epidemiology Group
| | - Pascal Guénel
- Inserm (National Institute of Health and Medical Research), CESP (Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health), U1018, Environmental Epidemiology of Cancer, Villejuif 94807, France University Paris-Sud, UMRS 1018, Villejuif 94807, France
| | - Thérèse Truong
- Inserm (National Institute of Health and Medical Research), CESP (Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health), U1018, Environmental Epidemiology of Cancer, Villejuif 94807, France University Paris-Sud, UMRS 1018, Villejuif 94807, France
| | - Florence Menegaux
- Inserm (National Institute of Health and Medical Research), CESP (Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health), U1018, Environmental Epidemiology of Cancer, Villejuif 94807, France University Paris-Sud, UMRS 1018, Villejuif 94807, France
| | - Claire Mulot
- Université Paris Sorbonne Cité, UMR-S775 Inserm, Paris 75015, France
| | - Stig E Bojesen
- Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev Hospital, 2730 Herlev, Copenhagen, Denmark Department of Clinical Biochemistry Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Børge G Nordestgaard
- Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev Hospital, 2730 Herlev, Copenhagen, Denmark Department of Clinical Biochemistry Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Sune F Nielsen
- Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev Hospital, 2730 Herlev, Copenhagen, Denmark Department of Clinical Biochemistry
| | - Henrik Flyger
- Department of Breast Surgery, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Javier Benitez
- Human Genetics Group, Human Cancer Genetics Program Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Valencia 28029, Spain
| | - M Pilar Zamora
- Servicio de Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid 28046, Spain
| | | | - Primitiva Menéndez
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Monte Naranco, Oviedo 33012, Spain
| | - Anna González-Neira
- Human Genotyping-CEGEN Unit, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid E-28029, Spain
| | - Guillermo Pita
- Human Genotyping-CEGEN Unit, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid E-28029, Spain
| | - M Rosario Alonso
- Human Genotyping-CEGEN Unit, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid E-28029, Spain
| | - Nuria Alvarez
- Human Genotyping-CEGEN Unit, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid E-28029, Spain
| | - Daniel Herrero
- Human Genotyping-CEGEN Unit, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid E-28029, Spain
| | - Hoda Anton-Culver
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Aida Karina Dieffenbach
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Volker Arndt
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research
| | | | | | - Peter Lichtner
- Insitute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Munich D-80333, Germany
| | - Rita K Schmutzler
- Center for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer, Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO) and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne and University Hospital Cologne, 50932 Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Hiltrud Brauch
- Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart 70376, Germany University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72074, Germany German Cancer Consortium (DKTK)
| | - Thomas Brüning
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-University Bochum (IPA), Bochum D-44789, Germany
| | - Yon-Dschun Ko
- Department of Internal Medicine, Evangelische Kliniken Bonn gGmbH, Johanniter Krankenhaus, Bonn 53113, Germany
| | - Daniel C Tessier
- Centre D'innovation Génome Québec et Université McGill, Montréal, QC, Canada H3A 0G1
| | - Daniel Vincent
- Centre D'innovation Génome Québec et Université McGill, Montréal, QC, Canada H3A 0G1
| | - Francois Bacot
- Centre D'innovation Génome Québec et Université McGill, Montréal, QC, Canada H3A 0G1
| | - Heli Nevanlinna
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki 00029, Finland
| | - Kristiina Aittomäki
- Department of Clinical Genetics Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki 00029, Finland
| | - Carl Blomqvist
- Department of Oncology, University of Helsinki Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki 00029, Finland
| | - Sofia Khan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki 00029, Finland
| | - Keitaro Matsuo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Kyushu University Faculty of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Hidemi Ito
- Division of Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya 464-8681, Japan
| | - Hiroji Iwata
- Department of Breast Oncology, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya 464-8681, Japan
| | - Akiyo Horio
- Department of Breast Oncology, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya 464-8681, Japan
| | - Natalia V Bogdanova
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department of Radiation Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Natalia N Antonenkova
- N.N. Alexandrov Research Institute of Oncology and Medical Radiology, Minsk 223040, Belarus
| | - Thilo Dörk
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
| | | | | | - Arto Mannermaa
- School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine and Cancer Center of Eastern Finland Imaging Center, Department of Clinical Pathology
| | - Vesa Kataja
- School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oncology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio 70210, Finland Cancer Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio 70029, Finland
| | - Veli-Matti Kosma
- School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine and Cancer Center of Eastern Finland Imaging Center, Department of Clinical Pathology
| | - Jaana M Hartikainen
- School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine and Cancer Center of Eastern Finland Imaging Center, Department of Clinical Pathology
| | - Anna H Wu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Chiu-Chen Tseng
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - David Van Den Berg
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Daniel O Stram
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Patrick Neven
- University Hospital Gashuisberg, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Els Wauters
- Vesalius Research Center (VRC), VIB, Leuven 3000, Belgium Department of Oncology
| | - Hans Wildiers
- Department of General Medical Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Diether Lambrechts
- Vesalius Research Center (VRC), VIB, Leuven 3000, Belgium Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of Oncology
| | | | | | | | - Dieter Flesch-Janys
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology/Clinical Cancer Registry and Institute for Medical Biometrics and Epidemiology, University Clinic Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg D-20246, Germany
| | - Paolo Radice
- Unit of Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk and Genetic Testing, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine
| | - Paolo Peterlongo
- IFOM, Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, Milan 20139, Italy
| | - Siranoush Manoukian
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori (INT), Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Bernardo Bonanni
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia (IEO), Milan 20141, Italy
| | | | | | - Celine Vachon
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | | | - Graham G Giles
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Roger L Milne
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Catriona Mclean
- Anatomical Pathology, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Christopher A Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Brian E Henderson
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Fredrick Schumacher
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Loic Le Marchand
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Jacques Simard
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec Research Centre and Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada G1V 4G2
| | - Mark S Goldberg
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada H3A 0G4 Division of Clinical Epidemiology, McGill University Health Centre, Royal Victoria Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada H3A 1A1
| | - France Labrèche
- Départements de Santé Environnementale et Santé au Travail et de Médecine Sociale et Préventive, École de Santé Publique, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada H3T 1J4
| | - Martine Dumont
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec Research Centre and Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada G1V 4G2
| | - Soo Hwang Teo
- Cancer Research Initiatives Foundation, Sime Darby Medical Centre, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia Breast Cancer Research Unit, University Malaya Cancer Research Institute, University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Cheng Har Yip
- Breast Cancer Research Unit, University Malaya Cancer Research Institute, University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Norhashimah Hassan
- Cancer Research Initiatives Foundation, Sime Darby Medical Centre, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia Breast Cancer Research Unit, University Malaya Cancer Research Institute, University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | | | - Vessela Kristensen
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Radiumhospitalet, Oslo 0372, Norway Faculty of Medicine (Faculty Division Ahus), University of Oslo (UiO), Oslo 0316, Norway
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Sandra Deming-Halverson
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Martha J Shrubsole
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jirong Long
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Robert Winqvist
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biocenter Oulu, Northern Finland Laboratory Centre NordLab
| | - Katri Pylkäs
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biocenter Oulu, Northern Finland Laboratory Centre NordLab
| | | | - Saila Kauppila
- Department of Pathology, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu 90570, Finland
| | - Irene L Andrulis
- Ontario Cancer Genetics Network Department of Molecular Genetics
| | - Julia A Knight
- Prosserman Centre for Health Research Division of Epidemiology, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 2J7
| | | | - Sandrine Tchatchou
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 1X5
| | - Peter Devilee
- Department of Human Genetics & Department of Pathology
| | | | - Caroline Seynaeve
- Family Cancer Clinic, Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute Rotterdam 3075 EA, The Netherlands
| | - Christi J Van Asperen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2300 RC, The Netherlands
| | - Montserrat García-Closas
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, Division of Breast Cancer Research Division of Genetics and Epidemiology
| | - Jonine Figueroa
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Jolanta Lissowska
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, M. Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center & Institute of Oncology, Warsaw 02-781, Poland
| | - Louise Brinton
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Kamila Czene
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
| | - Hatef Darabi
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
| | - Mikael Eriksson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
| | - Judith S Brand
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
| | - Maartje J Hooning
- Family Cancer Clinic, Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute Rotterdam 3075 EA, The Netherlands
| | - Antoinette Hollestelle
- Family Cancer Clinic, Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute Rotterdam 3075 EA, The Netherlands
| | - Ans M W Van Den Ouweland
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3075 EA, The Netherlands
| | - Agnes Jager
- Family Cancer Clinic, Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute Rotterdam 3075 EA, The Netherlands
| | - Jingmei Li
- Shanghai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Human Genetics Division, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Keith Humphreys
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Wei Lu
- Shanghai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Yu-Tang Gao
- Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai 220025, China
| | - Hui Cai
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Simon S Cross
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield S10 2JF, UK
| | - Malcolm W R Reed
- Department of Oncology, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
| | - William Blot
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA International Epidemiology Institute, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Lisa B Signorello
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA International Epidemiology Institute, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Qiuyin Cai
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Paul D P Pharoah
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Barbara Perkins
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Mitul Shah
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Fiona M Blows
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Daehee Kang
- Department of Preventive Medicine Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Keun-Young Yoo
- Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Korea
| | | | - Mikael Hartman
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Hui Miao
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Kee Seng Chia
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Thomas Choudary Putti
- Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | | | - Craig Luccarini
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Caroline Baynes
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Shahana Ahmed
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Mel Maranian
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Catherine S Healey
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Anna Jakubowska
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin 70-204, Poland
| | - Jan Lubinski
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin 70-204, Poland
| | | | - Katarzyna Durda
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin 70-204, Poland
| | | | | | - Paul Brennan
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon 69372, France
| | - James Mckay
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon 69372, France
| | - Susan Slager
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Amanda E Toland
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Drakoulis Yannoukakos
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, IRRP, National Centre for Scientific Research 'Demokritos', Aghia Paraskevi Attikis, Athens 153 10, Greece
| | - Chen-Yang Shen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | | | - Pei-Ei Wu
- Taiwan Biobank, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Shian-Ling Ding
- Department of Nursing, Kang-Ning Junior College of Medical Care and Management, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Alan Ashworth
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, Division of Breast Cancer Research
| | | | - Nick Orr
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre and Division of Breast Cancer Research, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Anthony J Swerdlow
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology Division of Breast Cancer Research
| | | | - Enes Makalic
- Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic, and Analytic Epidemiology, Melbourne School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Daniel F Schmidt
- Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic, and Analytic Epidemiology, Melbourne School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Quang M Bui
- Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic, and Analytic Epidemiology, Melbourne School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Stephen J Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - David J Hunter
- Program in Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Rebecca Hein
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany PMV Research Group at the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Cologne 50923, Germany
| | - Norbert Dahmen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Mainz, Mainz 55122, Germany
| | - Lars Beckmann
- Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care (IQWiG), Cologne 50670, Germany
| | - Kirsimari Aaltonen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki 00029, Finland
| | - Taru A Muranen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki 00029, Finland
| | - Tuomas Heikkinen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki 00029, Finland
| | - Astrid Irwanto
- Human Genetics Division, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | | | | | - Quinten Waisfisz
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Section Oncogenetics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam 1081 HZ, The Netherlands and
| | - Hanne E J Meijers-Heijboer
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Section Oncogenetics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam 1081 HZ, The Netherlands and
| | - Muriel A Adank
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Section Oncogenetics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam 1081 HZ, The Netherlands and
| | - Rob B Van Der Luijt
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht 3584 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Per Hall
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
| | | | - Alison Dunning
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Douglas F Easton
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Angela Cox
- Department of Oncology, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
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Khan S, Greco D, Michailidou K, Milne RL, Muranen TA, Heikkinen T, Aaltonen K, Dennis J, Bolla MK, Liu J, Hall P, Irwanto A, Humphreys K, Li J, Czene K, Chang-Claude J, Hein R, Rudolph A, Seibold P, Flesch-Janys D, Fletcher O, Peto J, dos Santos Silva I, Johnson N, Gibson L, Aitken Z, Hopper JL, Tsimiklis H, Bui M, Makalic E, Schmidt DF, Southey MC, Apicella C, Stone J, Waisfisz Q, Meijers-Heijboer H, Adank MA, van der Luijt RB, Meindl A, Schmutzler RK, Müller-Myhsok B, Lichtner P, Turnbull C, Rahman N, Chanock SJ, Hunter DJ, Cox A, Cross SS, Reed MWR, Schmidt MK, Broeks A, Veer LJVAN, Hogervorst FB, Fasching PA, Schrauder MG, Ekici AB, Beckmann MW, Bojesen SE, Nordestgaard BG, Nielsen SF, Flyger H, Benitez J, Zamora PM, Perez JIA, Haiman CA, Henderson BE, Schumacher F, Le Marchand L, Pharoah PDP, Dunning AM, Shah M, Luben R, Brown J, Couch FJ, Wang X, Vachon C, Olson JE, Lambrechts D, Moisse M, Paridaens R, Christiaens MR, Guénel P, Truong T, Laurent-Puig P, Mulot C, Marme F, Burwinkel B, Schneeweiss A, Sohn C, Sawyer EJ, Tomlinson I, Kerin MJ, Miller N, Andrulis IL, Knight JA, Tchatchou S, Mulligan AM, Dörk T, Bogdanova NV, Antonenkova NN, Anton-Culver H, Darabi H, Eriksson M, Garcia-Closas M, Figueroa J, Lissowska J, Brinton L, Devilee P, Tollenaar RAEM, Seynaeve C, van Asperen CJ, Kristensen VN, Slager S, Toland AE, Ambrosone CB, Yannoukakos D, Lindblom A, Margolin S, Radice P, Peterlongo P, Barile M, Mariani P, Hooning MJ, Martens JWM, Collée JM, Jager A, Jakubowska A, Lubinski J, Jaworska-Bieniek K, Durda K, Giles GG, McLean C, Brauch H, Brüning T, Ko YD, Brenner H, Dieffenbach AK, Arndt V, Stegmaier C, Swerdlow A, Ashworth A, Orr N, Jones M, Simard J, Goldberg MS, Labrèche F, Dumont M, Winqvist R, Pylkäs K, Jukkola-Vuorinen A, Grip M, Kataja V, Kosma VM, Hartikainen JM, Mannermaa A, Hamann U, Chenevix-Trench G, Blomqvist C, Aittomäki K, Easton DF, Nevanlinna H. MicroRNA related polymorphisms and breast cancer risk. PLoS One 2014; 9:e109973. [PMID: 25390939 PMCID: PMC4229095 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic variations, such as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in microRNAs (miRNA) or in the miRNA binding sites may affect the miRNA dependent gene expression regulation, which has been implicated in various cancers, including breast cancer, and may alter individual susceptibility to cancer. We investigated associations between miRNA related SNPs and breast cancer risk. First we evaluated 2,196 SNPs in a case-control study combining nine genome wide association studies (GWAS). Second, we further investigated 42 SNPs with suggestive evidence for association using 41,785 cases and 41,880 controls from 41 studies included in the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC). Combining the GWAS and BCAC data within a meta-analysis, we estimated main effects on breast cancer risk as well as risks for estrogen receptor (ER) and age defined subgroups. Five miRNA binding site SNPs associated significantly with breast cancer risk: rs1045494 (odds ratio (OR) 0.92; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.88-0.96), rs1052532 (OR 0.97; 95% CI: 0.95-0.99), rs10719 (OR 0.97; 95% CI: 0.94-0.99), rs4687554 (OR 0.97; 95% CI: 0.95-0.99, and rs3134615 (OR 1.03; 95% CI: 1.01-1.05) located in the 3' UTR of CASP8, HDDC3, DROSHA, MUSTN1, and MYCL1, respectively. DROSHA belongs to miRNA machinery genes and has a central role in initial miRNA processing. The remaining genes are involved in different molecular functions, including apoptosis and gene expression regulation. Further studies are warranted to elucidate whether the miRNA binding site SNPs are the causative variants for the observed risk effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Khan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Dario Greco
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kyriaki Michailidou
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Roger L. Milne
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Taru A. Muranen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuomas Heikkinen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kirsimari Aaltonen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Oncology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Joe Dennis
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Manjeet K. Bolla
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Human Genetics Division, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Per Hall
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Astrid Irwanto
- Human Genetics Division, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Keith Humphreys
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jingmei Li
- Human Genetics Division, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kamila Czene
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rebecca Hein
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- PMV Research Group at the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Anja Rudolph
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Petra Seibold
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dieter Flesch-Janys
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology/Clinical Cancer Registry and Institute for Medical Biometrics and Epidemiology, University Clinic Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Olivia Fletcher
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Julian Peto
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Isabel dos Santos Silva
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nichola Johnson
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lorna Gibson
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Zoe Aitken
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - John L. Hopper
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Helen Tsimiklis
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Minh Bui
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Enes Makalic
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Daniel F. Schmidt
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Melissa C. Southey
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Carmel Apicella
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jennifer Stone
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Quinten Waisfisz
- Department of Clinical Genetics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hanne Meijers-Heijboer
- Department of Clinical Genetics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Muriel A. Adank
- Department of Clinical Genetics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rob B. van der Luijt
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Alfons Meindl
- Division of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Rita K. Schmutzler
- Division of Molecular Gyneco-Oncology, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center of Familial Breast and Ovarian Cancer, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Peter Lichtner
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Clare Turnbull
- Section of Cancer Genetics, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, United Kingdom
| | - Nazneen Rahman
- Section of Cancer Genetics, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen J. Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - David J. Hunter
- Program in Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Angela Cox
- CRUK/YCR Sheffield Cancer Research Centre, Department of Oncology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Simon S. Cross
- Academic Unit of Pathology, Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Malcolm W. R. Reed
- CRUK/YCR Sheffield Cancer Research Centre, Department of Oncology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Marjanka K. Schmidt
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annegien Broeks
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Frans B. Hogervorst
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter A. Fasching
- University Breast Center Franconia, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Cancer Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Michael G. Schrauder
- University Breast Center Franconia, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Cancer Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Arif B. Ekici
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matthias W. Beckmann
- University Breast Center Franconia, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Cancer Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stig E. Bojesen
- Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Børge G. Nordestgaard
- Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sune F. Nielsen
- Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik Flyger
- Department of Breast Surgery, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Javier Benitez
- Human Genetics Group, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Valencia, Spain
| | - Pilar M. Zamora
- Servicio de Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose I. A. Perez
- Servicio de Cirugía General y Especialidades, Hospital Monte Naranco, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Christopher A. Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Brian E. Henderson
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Fredrick Schumacher
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Loic Le Marchand
- Epidemiology Program, Cancer Research Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America
| | - Paul D. P. Pharoah
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Alison M. Dunning
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Mitul Shah
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Luben
- Clinical Gerontology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Judith Brown
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Fergus J. Couch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Xianshu Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Celine Vachon
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Janet E. Olson
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Diether Lambrechts
- Vesalius Research Center (VRC), VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Matthieu Moisse
- Vesalius Research Center (VRC), VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Robert Paridaens
- Oncology Department, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Pascal Guénel
- Inserm (National Institute of Health and Medical Research), CESP (Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health), U1018, Environmental Epidemiology of Cancer, Villejuif, France
- University Paris-Sud, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France
| | - Thérèse Truong
- Inserm (National Institute of Health and Medical Research), CESP (Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health), U1018, Environmental Epidemiology of Cancer, Villejuif, France
- University Paris-Sud, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Claire Mulot
- Université Paris Sorbonne Cité, UMR-S775 Inserm, Paris, France
| | - Frederick Marme
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Barbara Burwinkel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Molecular Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Schneeweiss
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christof Sohn
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Elinor J. Sawyer
- Research Oncology, Division of Cancer Studies, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Tomlinson
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics and Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Michael J. Kerin
- Clinical Science Institute, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Nicola Miller
- Clinical Science Institute, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Irene L. Andrulis
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Julia A. Knight
- Prosserman Centre for Health Research, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Epidemiology, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sandrine Tchatchou
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anna Marie Mulligan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, and the Keenan Research Centre of the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Thilo Dörk
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | | | - Hoda Anton-Culver
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Hatef Darabi
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mikael Eriksson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Montserrat Garcia-Closas
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, United Kingdom
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, Division of Breast Cancer Research, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jonine Figueroa
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jolanta Lissowska
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, M. Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Louise Brinton
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Peter Devilee
- Department of Human Genetics & Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Caroline Seynaeve
- Family Cancer Clinic, Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC-Daniel den Hoed Cancer Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Vessela N. Kristensen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology (EpiGen), University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | - Susan Slager
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Amanda E. Toland
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | | | - Drakoulis Yannoukakos
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, IRRP, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Aghia Paraskevi Attikis, Athens, Greece
| | - Annika Lindblom
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sara Margolin
- Department of Oncology - Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paolo Radice
- Unit of Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk and Genetic Testing, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori (INT), Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Peterlongo
- IFOM, Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Barile
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia (IEO), Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Mariani
- IFOM, Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, Milan, Italy
- Cogentech Cancer Genetic Test Laboratory, Milan, Italy
| | - Maartje J. Hooning
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - John W. M. Martens
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J. Margriet Collée
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Agnes Jager
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anna Jakubowska
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Jan Lubinski
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Jaworska-Bieniek
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
- Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Durda
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Graham G. Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Catriona McLean
- Anatomical Pathology, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Hiltrud Brauch
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
- University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Brüning
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-University Bochum (IPA), Bochum, Germany
| | - Yon-Dschun Ko
- Department of Internal Medicine, Evangelische Kliniken Bonn gGmbH, Johanniter Krankenhaus, Bonn, Germany
| | - The GENICA Network
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
- University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-University Bochum (IPA), Bochum, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine, Evangelische Kliniken Bonn gGmbH, Johanniter Krankenhaus, Bonn, Germany
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute for Occupational Medicine and Maritime Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty of the University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Aida Karina Dieffenbach
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Volker Arndt
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Anthony Swerdlow
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology and Division of Breast Cancer Research, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Alan Ashworth
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nick Orr
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Jones
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, United Kingdom
| | - Jacques Simard
- Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec Research Center and Laval University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mark S. Goldberg
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, McGill University Health Centre, Royal Victoria Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - France Labrèche
- Départements de Santé Environnementale et Santé au Travail et de Médecine Sociale et Préventive, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Martine Dumont
- Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec Research Center and Laval University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Robert Winqvist
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, NordLab Oulu/Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Katri Pylkäs
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, NordLab Oulu/Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | | | - Mervi Grip
- Department of Surgery, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Vesa Kataja
- School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oncology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Cancer Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Veli-Matti Kosma
- School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Imaging Center, Department of Clinical Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Cancer Center of Eastern Finland, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jaana M. Hartikainen
- School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Imaging Center, Department of Clinical Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Cancer Center of Eastern Finland, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Arto Mannermaa
- School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Imaging Center, Department of Clinical Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Cancer Center of Eastern Finland, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ute Hamann
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Carl Blomqvist
- Department of Oncology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kristiina Aittomäki
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Douglas F. Easton
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Heli Nevanlinna
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Zhou B, Irwanto A, Guo YM, Bei JX, Wu Q, Chen G, Zhang TP, Lei JJ, Feng QS, Chen LZ, Liu J, Zhao YP. Exome sequencing and digital PCR analyses reveal novel mutated genes related to the metastasis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Cancer Biol Ther 2014; 13:871-9. [DOI: 10.4161/cbt.20839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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Lee CPL, Irwanto A, Salim A, Yuan JM, Liu J, Koh WP, Hartman M. Breast cancer risk assessment using genetic variants and risk factors in a Singapore Chinese population. Breast Cancer Res 2014; 16:R64. [PMID: 24941967 PMCID: PMC4095592 DOI: 10.1186/bcr3678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Genetic variants for breast cancer risk identified in genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in Western populations require further testing in Asian populations. A risk assessment model incorporating both validated genetic variants and established risk factors may improve its performance in risk prediction of Asian women. Methods A nested case-control study of female breast cancer (411 cases and 1,212 controls) within the Singapore Chinese Health Study was conducted to investigate the effects of 51 genetic variants identified in previous GWAS on breast cancer risk. The independent effect of these genetic variants was assessed by creating a summed genetic risk score (GRS) after adjustment for body mass index and the Gail model risk factors for breast cancer. Results The GRS was an independent predictor of breast cancer risk in Chinese women. The multivariate-adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) of breast cancer for the second, third, and fourth quartiles of the GRS were 1.26 (0.90 to 1.76), 1.47 (1.06 to 2.04) and 1.75 (1.27 to 2.41) respectively (P for trend <0.001). In addition to established risk factors, the GRS improved the classification of 6.2% of women for their absolute risk of breast cancer in the next five years. Conclusions Genetic variants on top of conventional risk factors can improve the risk prediction of breast cancer in Chinese women.
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Purrington KS, Slager S, Eccles D, Yannoukakos D, Fasching PA, Miron P, Carpenter J, Chang-Claude J, Martin NG, Montgomery GW, Kristensen V, Anton-Culver H, Goodfellow P, Tapper WJ, Rafiq S, Gerty SM, Durcan L, Konstantopoulou I, Fostira F, Vratimos A, Apostolou P, Konstanta I, Kotoula V, Lakis S, Dimopoulos MA, Skarlos D, Pectasides D, Fountzilas G, Beckmann MW, Hein A, Ruebner M, Ekici AB, Hartmann A, Schulz-Wendtland R, Renner SP, Janni W, Rack B, Scholz C, Neugebauer J, Andergassen U, Lux MP, Haeberle L, Clarke C, Pathmanathan N, Rudolph A, Flesch-Janys D, Nickels S, Olson JE, Ingle JN, Olswold C, Slettedahl S, Eckel-Passow JE, Anderson S, Visscher DW, Cafourek VL, Sicotte H, Prodduturi N, Weiderpass E, Bernstein L, Ziogas A, Ivanovich J, Giles GG, Baglietto L, Southey M, Kosma VM, Fischer HP, Reed MW, Cross SS, Deming-Halverson S, Shrubsole M, Cai Q, Shu XO, Daly M, Weaver J, Ross E, Klemp J, Sharma P, Torres D, Rüdiger T, Wölfing H, Ulmer HU, Försti A, Khoury T, Kumar S, Pilarski R, Shapiro CL, Greco D, Heikkilä P, Aittomäki K, Blomqvist C, Irwanto A, Liu J, Pankratz VS, Wang X, Severi G, Mannermaa A, Easton D, Hall P, Brauch H, Cox A, Zheng W, Godwin AK, Hamann U, Ambrosone C, Toland AE, Nevanlinna H, Vachon CM, Couch FJ. Genome-wide association study identifies 25 known breast cancer susceptibility loci as risk factors for triple-negative breast cancer. Carcinogenesis 2014; 35:1012-9. [PMID: 24325915 PMCID: PMC4004200 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgt404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Revised: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative (TN) breast cancer is an aggressive subtype of breast cancer associated with a unique set of epidemiologic and genetic risk factors. We conducted a two-stage genome-wide association study of TN breast cancer (stage 1: 1529 TN cases, 3399 controls; stage 2: 2148 cases, 1309 controls) to identify loci that influence TN breast cancer risk. Variants in the 19p13.1 and PTHLH loci showed genome-wide significant associations (P < 5 × 10(-) (8)) in stage 1 and 2 combined. Results also suggested a substantial enrichment of significantly associated variants among the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) analyzed in stage 2. Variants from 25 of 74 known breast cancer susceptibility loci were also associated with risk of TN breast cancer (P < 0.05). Associations with TN breast cancer were confirmed for 10 loci (LGR6, MDM4, CASP8, 2q35, 2p24.1, TERT-rs10069690, ESR1, TOX3, 19p13.1, RALY), and we identified associations with TN breast cancer for 15 additional breast cancer loci (P < 0.05: PEX14, 2q24.1, 2q31.1, ADAM29, EBF1, TCF7L2, 11q13.1, 11q24.3, 12p13.1, PTHLH, NTN4, 12q24, BRCA2, RAD51L1-rs2588809, MKL1). Further, two SNPs independent of previously reported signals in ESR1 [rs12525163 odds ratio (OR) = 1.15, P = 4.9 × 10(-) (4)] and 19p13.1 (rs1864112 OR = 0.84, P = 1.8 × 10(-) (9)) were associated with TN breast cancer. A polygenic risk score (PRS) for TN breast cancer based on known breast cancer risk variants showed a 4-fold difference in risk between the highest and lowest PRS quintiles (OR = 4.03, 95% confidence interval 3.46-4.70, P = 4.8 × 10(-) (69)). This translates to an absolute risk for TN breast cancer ranging from 0.8% to 3.4%, suggesting that genetic variation may be used for TN breast cancer risk prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Susan Slager
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Diana Eccles
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton SO17 1BJ, Southampton, UK
| | - Drakoulis Yannoukakos
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory INRASTES, National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, Athens 153 10, Greece
| | - Peter A. Fasching
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California at Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Breast Center Franconia, University Hospital Erlangen; Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen D-91012, Germany
| | - Penelope Miron
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jane Carpenter
- Australian Breast Cancer Tissue Bank, University of Sydney at the Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead, New South Wales, NSW 2145 Australia
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Nicholas G. Martin
- QIMR GWAS Collective, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, QLD 4006 Australia
| | - Grant W. Montgomery
- QIMR GWAS Collective, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, QLD 4006 Australia
| | - Vessela Kristensen
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Radiumhospitalet, Oslo 0316, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine (Faculty Division Ahus), Universitetet i Oslo, Oslo 0316, Norway
| | - Hoda Anton-Culver
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California–Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Paul Goodfellow
- Washington University School of Medicine, Barnes-Jewish Hospital and Siteman Cancer Center, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - William J. Tapper
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton SO17 1BJ, Southampton, UK
| | - Sajjad Rafiq
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton SO17 1BJ, Southampton, UK
| | - Susan M. Gerty
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton SO17 1BJ, Southampton, UK
| | - Lorraine Durcan
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton SO17 1BJ, Southampton, UK
| | - Irene Konstantopoulou
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory INRASTES, National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, Athens 153 10, Greece
| | - Florentia Fostira
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory INRASTES, National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, Athens 153 10, Greece
| | - Athanassios Vratimos
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory INRASTES, National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, Athens 153 10, Greece
| | - Paraskevi Apostolou
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory INRASTES, National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, Athens 153 10, Greece
| | - Irene Konstanta
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory INRASTES, National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, Athens 153 10, Greece
| | | | - Sotiris Lakis
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Hellenic Foundation for Cancer Research, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki School of Medicine, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Meletios A. Dimopoulos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, “Alexandra” Hospital, University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens 115 27, Greece
| | - Dimosthenis Skarlos
- Second Department of Medical Oncology, “Metropolitan” Hospital, Athens 151 25, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Pectasides
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Oncology Section, “Hippokration” Hospital, University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens 115 27, Greece
| | - George Fountzilas
- Department of Medical Oncology, “Papageorgiou” Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki School of Medicine, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Matthias W. Beckmann
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Breast Center Franconia, University Hospital Erlangen; Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen D-91012, Germany
| | - Alexander Hein
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Breast Center Franconia, University Hospital Erlangen; Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen D-91012, Germany
| | - Matthias Ruebner
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Breast Center Franconia, University Hospital Erlangen; Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen D-91012, Germany
| | | | | | - Ruediger Schulz-Wendtland
- Institute of Diagnostic Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen D-91012, Germany
| | - Stefan P. Renner
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Breast Center Franconia, University Hospital Erlangen; Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen D-91012, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Janni
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm 89069, Germany
| | - Brigitte Rack
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Ludwig Maximilians University, Campus Innenstadt, Munich 80539, Germany
| | - Christoph Scholz
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm 89069, Germany
| | - Julia Neugebauer
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Ludwig Maximilians University, Campus Innenstadt, Munich 80539, Germany
| | - Ulrich Andergassen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Ludwig Maximilians University, Campus Innenstadt, Munich 80539, Germany
| | - Michael P. Lux
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Breast Center Franconia, University Hospital Erlangen; Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen D-91012, Germany
| | - Lothar Haeberle
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Breast Center Franconia, University Hospital Erlangen; Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen D-91012, Germany
| | - Christine Clarke
- Westmead Institute for Cancer Research, Sydney Medical School Westmead, University of Sydney at the Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead, New South Wales NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Nirmala Pathmanathan
- Westmead Breast Cancer Institute, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Anja Rudolph
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Dieter Flesch-Janys
- Institute for Medical Biometrics and Epidemiology, University Clinic Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany
| | - Stefan Nickels
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Janet E. Olson
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | | | - Curtis Olswold
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Seth Slettedahl
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | | | - S.Keith Anderson
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Daniel W. Visscher
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | | | - Hugues Sicotte
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Naresh Prodduturi
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Elisabete Weiderpass
- Department of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø, Tromsø 9019, Norway
- Folkhälsan Research Cancer Centre, Helsinki 00250, Finland
- Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo N-0304, Norway
| | - Leslie Bernstein
- Department of Population Sciences, Division of Cancer Etiology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte 91010, USA
| | - Argyrios Ziogas
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California–Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Jennifer Ivanovich
- Washington University School of Medicine, Barnes-Jewish Hospital and Siteman Cancer Center, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Graham G. Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, The Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria VIC 3053, Australia
| | - Laura Baglietto
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, The Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria VIC 3053, Australia
| | - Melissa Southey
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria VIC 3053, Australia
| | - Veli-Matti Kosma
- School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine; Biocenter Kuopio, Cancer Center of Eastern Finland, and Imaging Center, Department of Clinical Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio 80130, Finland
| | - Hans-Peter Fischer
- Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty University Bonn, Bonn 53127, Germany
| | - The GENICA Network
- Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart and University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen 72074, Germany, 72074
- Department of Internal Medicine, Evangelische Kliniken Bonn gGmbH, Johanniter Krankenhaus, Bonn 53127, Germany
- Institute for Occupational Medicine and Maritime Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA), Bochum D-44789, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty of the University of Bonn, Bonn 53127, Germany
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Malcom W.R. Reed
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Research UK/Yorkshire Cancer Research Sheffield Cancer Research Centre and
| | - Simon S. Cross
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Sandra Deming-Halverson
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Martha Shrubsole
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Qiuyin Cai
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Mary Daly
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111-2497, USA
| | - JoEllen Weaver
- PennMed Biobank, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Eric Ross
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111-2497, USA
| | - Jennifer Klemp
- Department of Oncology/Hematology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Priyanka Sharma
- Department of Oncology/Hematology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Diana Torres
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Pontificia University Javeriana, Bogota D.C. 11001000, Colombia
| | - Thomas Rüdiger
- Institute of Pathology, Städtisches Klinikum Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe 76133, Germany
| | - Heidrun Wölfing
- Institute of Pathology, Städtisches Klinikum Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe 76133, Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Ulmer
- Frauenklinik der Stadtklinik Baden-Baden, Baden-Baden 76530, Germany
| | - Asta Försti
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, University of Lund, Malmö 223 63, Sweden
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | | | - Shicha Kumar
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Robert Pilarski
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Human Genetics and
| | - Charles L. Shapiro
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | | | | | | | - Carl Blomqvist
- Department of Oncology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Astrid Irwanto
- Human Genetics Division, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore 138672 Singapore
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Human Genetics Division, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore 138672 Singapore
| | | | - Xianshu Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Gianluca Severi
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, The Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria VIC 3053, Australia
| | - Arto Mannermaa
- School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine; Biocenter Kuopio, Cancer Center of Eastern Finland, and Imaging Center, Department of Clinical Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio 80130, Finland
| | - Douglas Easton
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Department of Oncology, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, UK
| | - Per Hall
- Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Hiltrud Brauch
- Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart and University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen 72074, Germany, 72074
| | - Angela Cox
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Research UK/Yorkshire Cancer Research Sheffield Cancer Research Centre and
| | - Wei Zheng
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Andrew K. Godwin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Ute Hamann
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Christine Ambrosone
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Amanda Ewart Toland
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, Division of Human Cancer Genetics, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | | | - Celine M. Vachon
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Fergus J. Couch
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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24
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Ahsan H, Halpern J, Kibriya MG, Pierce BL, Tong L, Gamazon E, McGuire V, Felberg A, Shi J, Jasmine F, Roy S, Brutus R, Argos M, Melkonian S, Chang-Claude J, Andrulis I, Hopper JL, John EM, Malone K, Ursin G, Gammon MD, Thomas DC, Seminara D, Casey G, Knight JA, Southey MC, Giles GG, Santella RM, Lee E, Conti D, Duggan D, Gallinger S, Haile R, Jenkins M, Lindor NM, Newcomb P, Michailidou K, Apicella C, Park DJ, Peto J, Fletcher O, Silva IDS, Lathrop M, Hunter DJ, Chanock SJ, Meindl A, Schmutzler RK, Müller-Myhsok B, Lochmann M, Beckmann L, Hein R, Makalic E, Schmidt DF, Bui QM, Stone J, Flesch-Janys D, Dahmen N, Nevanlinna H, Aittomäki K, Blomqvist C, Hall P, Czene K, Irwanto A, Liu J, Rahman N, Turnbull C, Dunning AM, Pharoah P, Waisfisz Q, Meijers-Heijboer H, Uitterlinden AG, Rivadeneira F, Nicolae D, Easton DF, Cox NJ, Whittemore AS. A genome-wide association study of early-onset breast cancer identifies PFKM as a novel breast cancer gene and supports a common genetic spectrum for breast cancer at any age. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2014; 23:658-69. [PMID: 24493630 PMCID: PMC3990360 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-13-0340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Early-onset breast cancer (EOBC) causes substantial loss of life and productivity, creating a major burden among women worldwide. We analyzed 1,265,548 Hapmap3 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) among a discovery set of 3,523 EOBC incident cases and 2,702 population control women ages ≤ 51 years. The SNPs with smallest P values were examined in a replication set of 3,470 EOBC cases and 5,475 control women. We also tested EOBC association with 19,684 genes by annotating each gene with putative functional SNPs, and then combining their P values to obtain a gene-based P value. We examined the gene with smallest P value for replication in 1,145 breast cancer cases and 1,142 control women. The combined discovery and replication sets identified 72 new SNPs associated with EOBC (P < 4 × 10(-8)) located in six genomic regions previously reported to contain SNPs associated largely with later-onset breast cancer (LOBC). SNP rs2229882 and 10 other SNPs on chromosome 5q11.2 remained associated (P < 6 × 10(-4)) after adjustment for the strongest published SNPs in the region. Thirty-two of the 82 currently known LOBC SNPs were associated with EOBC (P < 0.05). Low power is likely responsible for the remaining 50 unassociated known LOBC SNPs. The gene-based analysis identified an association between breast cancer and the phosphofructokinase-muscle (PFKM) gene on chromosome 12q13.11 that met the genome-wide gene-based threshold of 2.5 × 10(-6). In conclusion, EOBC and LOBC seem to have similar genetic etiologies; the 5q11.2 region may contain multiple distinct breast cancer loci; and the PFKM gene region is worthy of further investigation. These findings should enhance our understanding of the etiology of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habibul Ahsan
- Center for Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Departments of Health Studies, University of Chicago, IL
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, IL
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, IL
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Chicago, IL
| | - Jerry Halpern
- Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Muhammad G Kibriya
- Center for Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Departments of Health Studies, University of Chicago, IL
| | - Brandon L Pierce
- Center for Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Departments of Health Studies, University of Chicago, IL
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Chicago, IL
| | - Lin Tong
- Center for Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Departments of Health Studies, University of Chicago, IL
| | - Eric Gamazon
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, IL
| | - Valerie McGuire
- Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Anna Felberg
- Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Jianxin Shi
- Epidemiology and Genetics Research Program, National Cancer Institute, MD
| | - Farzana Jasmine
- Center for Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Departments of Health Studies, University of Chicago, IL
| | - Shantanu Roy
- Center for Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Departments of Health Studies, University of Chicago, IL
| | - Rachelle Brutus
- Center for Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Departments of Health Studies, University of Chicago, IL
| | - Maria Argos
- Center for Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Departments of Health Studies, University of Chicago, IL
| | - Stephanie Melkonian
- Center for Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Departments of Health Studies, University of Chicago, IL
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Irene Andrulis
- Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto Ontario
| | - John L Hopper
- Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic, and Analytic Epidemiology, Melbourne School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Esther M. John
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA and Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA
| | - Kathi Malone
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | | | - Marilie D Gammon
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Duncan C Thomas
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, CA
| | - Daniela Seminara
- Epidemiology and Genetics Research Program, National Cancer Institute, MD
| | - Graham Casey
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, CA
| | - Julia A Knight
- Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto Ontario
| | - Melissa C Southey
- Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic, and Analytic Epidemiology, Melbourne School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Australia
- Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Graham G Giles
- Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic, and Analytic Epidemiology, Melbourne School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Australia
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, The Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Regina M Santella
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health
| | - Eunjung Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, CA
| | - David Conti
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, CA
| | - David Duggan
- Integrated Cancer Genomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Steve Gallinger
- Zane Cohen Centre for Digestive Diseases, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert Haile
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, CA
| | - Mark Jenkins
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, The Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Noralane M Lindor
- Department of Health Science Research, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Polly Newcomb
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Kyriaki Michailidou
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Carmel Apicella
- Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic, and Analytic Epidemiology, Melbourne School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Daniel J Park
- Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Julian Peto
- Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Olivia Fletcher
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Isabel dos Santos Silva
- Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Mark Lathrop
- Centre National de Genotypage, Evry, France
- Fondation Jean Dausset – CEPH, Paris, France
| | - David J Hunter
- Program in Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Stephen J Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Alfons Meindl
- Clinic of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Division for Gynaecological Tumor-Genetics, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Rita K Schmutzler
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Division of Molecular Gynaeco-Oncology, University of Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Magdalena Lochmann
- Clinic of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Division for Gynaecological Tumor-Genetics, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Lars Beckmann
- Foundation for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care IQWIG, Cologne, Germany
| | - Rebecca Hein
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- PMV Research Group at the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Enes Makalic
- Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic, and Analytic Epidemiology, Melbourne School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Daniel F Schmidt
- Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic, and Analytic Epidemiology, Melbourne School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Quang Minh Bui
- Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic, and Analytic Epidemiology, Melbourne School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jennifer Stone
- Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic, and Analytic Epidemiology, Melbourne School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Dieter Flesch-Janys
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology/Clinical Cancer Registry, University Clinic Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Institute for Medical Biometrics and Epidemiology, University Clinic Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Norbert Dahmen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Heli Nevanlinna
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kristiina Aittomäki
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Carl Blomqvist
- Department of Oncology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Per Hall
- Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
| | - Kamila Czene
- Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
| | - Astrid Irwanto
- Human Genetics Division, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Human Genetics Division, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Nazneen Rahman
- Section of Cancer Genetics, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, UK
| | - Clare Turnbull
- Section of Cancer Genetics, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, UK
| | - Alison M. Dunning
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Paul Pharoah
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Quinten Waisfisz
- Department of Clinical Genetics, VU University Medical Center, section Oncogenetics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hanne Meijers-Heijboer
- Department of Clinical Genetics, VU University Medical Center, section Oncogenetics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andre G. Uitterlinden
- Department of Internal Medicine and Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- Department of Internal Medicine and Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dan Nicolae
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, IL
| | - Douglas F Easton
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nancy J Cox
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, IL
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, IL
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Chicago, IL
| | - Alice S Whittemore
- Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Palo Alto, CA
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25
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Zhang FR, Liu H, Irwanto A, Fu XA, Li Y, Yu GQ, Yu YX, Chen MF, Low HQ, Li JH, Bao FF, Foo JN, Bei JX, Jia XM, Liu J, Liany H, Wang N, Niu GY, Wang ZZ, Shi BQ, Tian HQ, Liu HX, Ma SS, Zhou Y, You JB, Yang Q, Wang C, Chu TS, Liu DC, Yu XL, Sun YH, Ning Y, Wei ZH, Chen SL, Chen XC, Zhang ZX, Liu YX, Pulit SL, Wu WB, Zheng ZY, Yang RD, Long H, Liu ZS, Wang JQ, Li M, Zhang LH, Wang H, Wang LM, Xiao P, Li JL, Huang ZM, Huang JX, Li Z, Liu J, Xiong L, Yang J, Wang XD, Yu DB, Lu XM, Zhou GZ, Yan LB, Shen JP, Zhang GC, Zeng YX, de Bakker PIW, Chen SM, Liu JJ. HLA-B*13:01 and the dapsone hypersensitivity syndrome. N Engl J Med 2013; 369:1620-8. [PMID: 24152261 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1213096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dapsone is used in the treatment of infections and inflammatory diseases. The dapsone hypersensitivity syndrome, which is associated with a reported mortality of 9.9%, develops in about 0.5 to 3.6% of persons treated with the drug. Currently, no tests are available to predict the risk of the dapsone hypersensitivity syndrome. METHODS We performed a genomewide association study involving 872 participants who had received dapsone as part of multidrug therapy for leprosy (39 participants with the dapsone hypersensitivity syndrome and 833 controls), using log-additive tests of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and imputed HLA molecules. For a replication analysis, we genotyped 24 SNPs in an additional 31 participants with the dapsone hypersensitivity syndrome and 1089 controls and performed next-generation sequencing for HLA-B and HLA-C typing at four-digit resolution in an independent series of 37 participants with the dapsone hypersensitivity syndrome and 201 controls. RESULTS Genomewide association analysis showed that SNP rs2844573, located between the HLA-B and MICA loci, was significantly associated with the dapsone hypersensitivity syndrome among patients with leprosy (odds ratio, 6.18; P=3.84×10(-13)). HLA-B*13:01 was confirmed to be a risk factor for the dapsone hypersensitivity syndrome (odds ratio, 20.53; P=6.84×10(-25)). The presence of HLA-B*13:01 had a sensitivity of 85.5% and a specificity of 85.7% as a predictor of the dapsone hypersensitivity syndrome, and its absence was associated with a reduction in risk by a factor of 7 (from 1.4% to 0.2%). HLA-B*13:01 is present in about 2 to 20% of Chinese persons, 1.5% of Japanese persons, 1 to 12% of Indians, and 2 to 4% of Southeast Asians but is largely absent in Europeans and Africans. CONCLUSIONS HLA-B*13:01 was associated with the development of the dapsone hypersensitivity syndrome among patients with leprosy. (Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and others.).
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Affiliation(s)
- F-R Zhang
- The authors' full names, degrees, and affiliations are listed in the Appendix
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26
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Liu H, Bao F, Irwanto A, Fu X, Lu N, Yu G, Yu Y, Sun Y, Low H, Li Y, Liany H, Yuan C, Li J, Liu J, Chen M, Liu H, Wang N, You J, Ma S, Niu G, Zhou Y, Chu T, Tian H, Chen S, Zhang X, Liu J, Zhang F. An association study of TOLL and CARD with leprosy susceptibility in Chinese population. Hum Mol Genet 2013; 22:4430-7. [PMID: 23784377 PMCID: PMC3792694 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddt286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous genome-wide association studies (GWASs) identified multiple susceptibility loci that have highlighted the important role of TLR (Toll-like receptor) and CARD (caspase recruitment domain) genes in leprosy. A large three-stage candidate gene-based association study of 30 TLR and 47 CARD genes was performed in the leprosy samples of Chinese Han. Of 4363 SNPs investigated, eight SNPs showed suggestive association (P < 0.01) in our previously published GWAS datasets (Stage 1). Of the eight SNPs, rs2735591 and rs4889841 showed significant association (P < 0.001) in an independent series of 1504 cases and 1502 controls (Stage 2), but only rs2735591 (next to BCL10) showed significant association in the second independent series of 938 cases and 5827 controls (Stage 3). Rs2735591 showed consistent association across the three stages (P > 0.05 for heterogeneity test), significant association in the combined validation samples (Pcorrected = 5.54 × 10−4 after correction for 4363 SNPs tested) and genome-wide significance in the whole GWAS and validation samples (P = 1.03 × 10−9, OR = 1.24). In addition, we demonstrated the lower expression of BCL10 in leprosy lesions than normal skins and a significant gene connection between BCL10 and the eight previously identified leprosy loci that are associated with NFκB, a major regulator of downstream inflammatory responses, which provides further biological evidence for the association. We have discovered a novel susceptibility locus on 1p22, which implicates BCL10 as a new susceptibility gene for leprosy. Our finding highlights the important role of both innate and adaptive immune responses in leprosy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Liu
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong, China
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27
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Jamshidi M, Schmidt MK, Dörk T, Garcia-Closas M, Heikkinen T, Cornelissen S, van den Broek AJ, Schürmann P, Meyer A, Park-Simon TW, Figueroa J, Sherman M, Lissowska J, Keong GTH, Irwanto A, Laakso M, Hautaniemi S, Aittomäki K, Blomqvist C, Liu J, Nevalinna H. Germline variation in TP53 regulatory network genes associates with breast cancer survival and treatment outcome. Int J Cancer 2013; 132:2044-55. [PMID: 23034890 PMCID: PMC4159753 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.27884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2012] [Accepted: 08/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Germline variation in the TP53 network genes PRKAG2, PPP2R2B, CCNG1, PIAS1 and YWHAQ was previously suggested to have an impact on drug response in vitro. Here, we investigated the effect on breast cancer survival of germline variation in these genes in 925 Finnish breast cancer patients and further analyzed five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in PRKAG2 (rs1029946, rs4726050, rs6464153, rs7789699) and PPP2R2B (rs10477313) for 10-year survival in breast cancer patients, interaction with TP53 R72P and MDM2-SNP309, outcome after specific adjuvant therapy and correlation to tumor characteristics in 4,701 invasive cases from four data sets. We found evidence for carriers of PRKAG2-rs1029946 and PRKAG2-rs4726050 having improved survival in the pooled data (HR 0.53, 95% CI 0.3-0.9; p = 0.023 for homozygous carriers of the rare G-allele and HR 0.85, 95% CI 0.7-0.9; p = 0.049 for carriers of the rare G allele, respectively). PRKAG2-rs4726050 showed a significant interaction with MDM2-SNP309, with PRKAG2-rs4726050 rare G-allele having a dose-dependent effect for better breast cancer survival confined only to MDM2 SNP309 rare G-allele carriers (HR 0.45, 95% CI 0.2-0.7; p = 0.001). This interaction also emerged as an independent predictor of better survival (p = 0.047). PPP2R2B-rs10477313 rare A-allele was found to predict better survival (HR 0.82, 95% CI 0.6-0.9; p = 0.018), especially after hormonal therapy (HR 0.66, 95% CI 0.5-0.9; p = 0.048). These findings warrant further studies and suggest that genetic markers in TP53 network genes such as PRKAG2 and PPP2R2B might affect prognosis and treatment outcome in breast cancer patients.
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MESH Headings
- AMP-Activated Protein Kinases/genetics
- Adult
- Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal/therapeutic use
- Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/mortality
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/genetics
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/mortality
- Carcinoma, Lobular/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Lobular/genetics
- Carcinoma, Lobular/mortality
- Female
- Gene Regulatory Networks/genetics
- Genotype
- Germ-Line Mutation/genetics
- Humans
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Grading
- Neoplasm Invasiveness
- Neoplasm Metastasis
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics
- Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics
- Prognosis
- Protein Phosphatase 2/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Survival Rate
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Maral Jamshidi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, P.O. Box 700, 00029 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marjanka K Schmidt
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thilo Dörk
- Clinics of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Montserrat Garcia-Closas
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research and Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Tuomas Heikkinen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, P.O. Box 700, 00029 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sten Cornelissen
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alexandra J van den Broek
- Department of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Schürmann
- Clinics of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Andreas Meyer
- Clinics of Radiation Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Jonine Figueroa
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892
| | - Mark Sherman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Jolanta Lissowska
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, M. Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Astrid Irwanto
- Human Genetics Division, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Marko Laakso
- Computational Systems Biology Laboratory, Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sampsa Hautaniemi
- Computational Systems Biology Laboratory, Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kristiina Aittomäki
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Carl Blomqvist
- Department of Oncology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Human Genetics Division, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Heli Nevalinna
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, P.O. Box 700, 00029 Helsinki, Finland
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28
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Michailidou K, Hall P, Gonzalez-Neira A, Ghoussaini M, Dennis J, Milne RL, Schmidt MK, Chang-Claude J, Bojesen SE, Bolla MK, Wang Q, Dicks E, Lee A, Turnbull C, Rahman N, Fletcher O, Peto J, Gibson L, Dos Santos Silva I, Nevanlinna H, Muranen TA, Aittomäki K, Blomqvist C, Czene K, Irwanto A, Liu J, Waisfisz Q, Meijers-Heijboer H, Adank M, van der Luijt RB, Hein R, Dahmen N, Beckman L, Meindl A, Schmutzler RK, Müller-Myhsok B, Lichtner P, Hopper JL, Southey MC, Makalic E, Schmidt DF, Uitterlinden AG, Hofman A, Hunter DJ, Chanock SJ, Vincent D, Bacot F, Tessier DC, Canisius S, Wessels LFA, Haiman CA, Shah M, Luben R, Brown J, Luccarini C, Schoof N, Humphreys K, Li J, Nordestgaard BG, Nielsen SF, Flyger H, Couch FJ, Wang X, Vachon C, Stevens KN, Lambrechts D, Moisse M, Paridaens R, Christiaens MR, Rudolph A, Nickels S, Flesch-Janys D, Johnson N, Aitken Z, Aaltonen K, Heikkinen T, Broeks A, Veer LJV, van der Schoot CE, Guénel P, Truong T, Laurent-Puig P, Menegaux F, Marme F, Schneeweiss A, Sohn C, Burwinkel B, Zamora MP, Perez JIA, Pita G, Alonso MR, Cox A, Brock IW, Cross SS, Reed MWR, Sawyer EJ, Tomlinson I, Kerin MJ, Miller N, Henderson BE, Schumacher F, Le Marchand L, Andrulis IL, Knight JA, Glendon G, Mulligan AM, Lindblom A, Margolin S, Hooning MJ, Hollestelle A, van den Ouweland AMW, Jager A, Bui QM, Stone J, Dite GS, Apicella C, Tsimiklis H, Giles GG, Severi G, Baglietto L, Fasching PA, Haeberle L, Ekici AB, Beckmann MW, Brenner H, Müller H, Arndt V, Stegmaier C, Swerdlow A, Ashworth A, Orr N, Jones M, Figueroa J, Lissowska J, Brinton L, Goldberg MS, Labrèche F, Dumont M, Winqvist R, Pylkäs K, Jukkola-Vuorinen A, Grip M, Brauch H, Hamann U, Brüning T, Radice P, Peterlongo P, Manoukian S, Bonanni B, Devilee P, Tollenaar RAEM, Seynaeve C, van Asperen CJ, Jakubowska A, Lubinski J, Jaworska K, Durda K, Mannermaa A, Kataja V, Kosma VM, Hartikainen JM, Bogdanova NV, Antonenkova NN, Dörk T, Kristensen VN, Anton-Culver H, Slager S, Toland AE, Edge S, Fostira F, Kang D, Yoo KY, Noh DY, Matsuo K, Ito H, Iwata H, Sueta A, Wu AH, Tseng CC, Van Den Berg D, Stram DO, Shu XO, Lu W, Gao YT, Cai H, Teo SH, Yip CH, Phuah SY, Cornes BK, Hartman M, Miao H, Lim WY, Sng JH, Muir K, Lophatananon A, Stewart-Brown S, Siriwanarangsan P, Shen CY, Hsiung CN, Wu PE, Ding SL, Sangrajrang S, Gaborieau V, Brennan P, McKay J, Blot WJ, Signorello LB, Cai Q, Zheng W, Deming-Halverson S, Shrubsole M, Long J, Simard J, Garcia-Closas M, Pharoah PDP, Chenevix-Trench G, Dunning AM, Benitez J, Easton DF. Large-scale genotyping identifies 41 new loci associated with breast cancer risk. Nat Genet 2013; 45:353-61, 361e1-2. [PMID: 23535729 PMCID: PMC3771688 DOI: 10.1038/ng.2563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 836] [Impact Index Per Article: 76.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2012] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women. Common variants at 27 loci have been identified as associated with susceptibility to breast cancer, and these account for ∼9% of the familial risk of the disease. We report here a meta-analysis of 9 genome-wide association studies, including 10,052 breast cancer cases and 12,575 controls of European ancestry, from which we selected 29,807 SNPs for further genotyping. These SNPs were genotyped in 45,290 cases and 41,880 controls of European ancestry from 41 studies in the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC). The SNPs were genotyped as part of a collaborative genotyping experiment involving four consortia (Collaborative Oncological Gene-environment Study, COGS) and used a custom Illumina iSelect genotyping array, iCOGS, comprising more than 200,000 SNPs. We identified SNPs at 41 new breast cancer susceptibility loci at genome-wide significance (P < 5 × 10(-8)). Further analyses suggest that more than 1,000 additional loci are involved in breast cancer susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyriaki Michailidou
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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29
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Garcia-Closas M, Couch FJ, Lindstrom S, Michailidou K, Schmidt MK, Brook MN, orr N, Rhie SK, Riboli E, Feigelson HS, Le Marchand L, Buring JE, Eccles D, Miron P, Fasching PA, Brauch H, Chang-Claude J, Carpenter J, Godwin AK, Nevanlinna H, Giles GG, Cox A, Hopper JL, Bolla MK, Wang Q, Dennis J, Dicks E, Howat WJ, Schoof N, Bojesen SE, Lambrechts D, Broeks A, Andrulis IL, Guénel P, Burwinkel B, Sawyer EJ, Hollestelle A, Fletcher O, Winqvist R, Brenner H, Mannermaa A, Hamann U, Meindl A, Lindblom A, Zheng W, Devillee P, Goldberg MS, Lubinski J, Kristensen V, Swerdlow A, Anton-Culver H, Dörk T, Muir K, Matsuo K, Wu AH, Radice P, Teo SH, Shu XO, Blot W, Kang D, Hartman M, Sangrajrang S, Shen CY, Southey MC, Park DJ, Hammet F, Stone J, Veer LJV, Rutgers EJ, Lophatananon A, Stewart-Brown S, Siriwanarangsan P, Peto J, Schrauder MG, Ekici AB, Beckmann MW, Silva IDS, Johnson N, Warren H, Tomlinson I, Kerin MJ, Miller N, Marme F, Schneeweiss A, Sohn C, Truong T, Laurent-Puig P, Kerbrat P, Nordestgaard BG, Nielsen SF, Flyger H, Milne RL, Perez JIA, Menéndez P, Müller H, Arndt V, Stegmaier C, Lichtner P, Lochmann M, Justenhoven C, Ko YD, Muranen TA, Aittomäki K, Blomqvist C, Greco D, Heikkinen T, Ito H, Iwata H, Yatabe Y, Antonenkova NN, Margolin S, Kataja V, Kosma VM, Hartikainen JM, Balleine R, Tseng CC, Van Den Berg D, Stram DO, Neven P, Dieudonné AS, Leunen K, Rudolph A, Nickels S, Flesch-Janys D, Peterlongo P, Peissel B, Bernard L, Olson JE, Wang X, Stevens K, Severi G, Baglietto L, Mclean C, Coetzee GA, Feng Y, Henderson BE, Schumacher F, Bogdanova NV, Labrèche F, Dumont M, Yip CH, Taib NAM, Cheng CY, Shrubsole M, Long J, Pylkäs K, Jukkola-Vuorinen A, Kauppila S, knight JA, Glendon G, Mulligan AM, Tollenaar RAEM, Seynaeve CM, Kriege M, Hooning MJ, Van den Ouweland AMW, Van Deurzen CHM, Lu W, Gao YT, Cai H, Balasubramanian SP, Cross SS, Reed MWR, Signorello L, Cai Q, Shah M, Miao H, Chan CW, Chia KS, Jakubowska A, Jaworska K, Durda K, Hsiung CN, Wu PE, Yu JC, Ashworth A, Jones M, Tessier DC, González-Neira A, Pita G, Alonso MR, Vincent D, Bacot F, Ambrosone CB, Bandera EV, John EM, Chen GK, Hu JJ, Rodriguez-gil JL, Bernstein L, Press MF, Ziegler RG, Millikan RM, Deming-Halverson SL, Nyante S, Ingles SA, Waisfisz Q, Tsimiklis H, Makalic E, Schmidt D, Bui M, Gibson L, Müller-Myhsok B, Schmutzler RK, Hein R, Dahmen N, Beckmann L, Aaltonen K, Czene K, Irwanto A, Liu J, Turnbull C, Rahman N, Meijers-Heijboer H, Uitterlinden AG, Rivadeneira F, Olswold C, Slager S, Pilarski R, Ademuyiwa F, Konstantopoulou I, Martin NG, Montgomery GW, Slamon DJ, Rauh C, Lux MP, Jud SM, Bruning T, Weaver J, Sharma P, Pathak H, Tapper W, Gerty S, Durcan L, Trichopoulos D, Tumino R, Peeters PH, Kaaks R, Campa D, Canzian F, Weiderpass E, Johansson M, Khaw KT, Travis R, Clavel-Chapelon F, Kolonel LN, Chen C, Beck A, Hankinson SE, Berg CD, Hoover RN, Lissowska J, Figueroa JD, Chasman DI, Gaudet MM, Diver WR, Willett WC, Hunter DJ, Simard J, Benitez J, Dunning AM, Sherman ME, Chenevix-Trench G, Chanock SJ, Hall P, Pharoah PDP, Vachon C, Easton DF, Haiman CA, Kraft P. Genome-wide association studies identify four ER negative-specific breast cancer risk loci. Nat Genet 2013; 45:392-8, 398e1-2. [PMID: 23535733 PMCID: PMC3771695 DOI: 10.1038/ng.2561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 323] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2012] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen receptor (ER)-negative tumors represent 20-30% of all breast cancers, with a higher proportion occurring in younger women and women of African ancestry. The etiology and clinical behavior of ER-negative tumors are different from those of tumors expressing ER (ER positive), including differences in genetic predisposition. To identify susceptibility loci specific to ER-negative disease, we combined in a meta-analysis 3 genome-wide association studies of 4,193 ER-negative breast cancer cases and 35,194 controls with a series of 40 follow-up studies (6,514 cases and 41,455 controls), genotyped using a custom Illumina array, iCOGS, developed by the Collaborative Oncological Gene-environment Study (COGS). SNPs at four loci, 1q32.1 (MDM4, P = 2.1 × 10(-12) and LGR6, P = 1.4 × 10(-8)), 2p24.1 (P = 4.6 × 10(-8)) and 16q12.2 (FTO, P = 4.0 × 10(-8)), were associated with ER-negative but not ER-positive breast cancer (P > 0.05). These findings provide further evidence for distinct etiological pathways associated with invasive ER-positive and ER-negative breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montserrat Garcia-Closas
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, UK
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Fergus J Couch
- Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Sara Lindstrom
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kyriaki Michailidou
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Marjanka K Schmidt
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mark N Brook
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, UK
| | - Nick orr
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Suhn Kyong Rhie
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Elio Riboli
- School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, UK
| | | | - Loic Le Marchand
- Epidemiology Program, Cancer Research Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Julie E Buring
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Diana Eccles
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Penelope Miron
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Peter A Fasching
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Breast Center Franconia, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Hiltrud Brauch
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
- University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jane Carpenter
- Australian Breast Cancer Tissue Bank, University of Sydney at the Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andrew K Godwin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Heli Nevanlinna
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Graham G Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, The Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Angela Cox
- Cancer Research UK/Yorkshire Cancer Research Sheffield Cancer Research Centre, Department of Oncology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - John L Hopper
- Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Manjeet K Bolla
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Qin Wang
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Joe Dennis
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ed Dicks
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Will J Howat
- Cancer Research UK, Cambridge Research Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nils Schoof
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stig E Bojesen
- Copenhagen General Population Study, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Diether Lambrechts
- Vesalius Research Center (VRC), VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Annegien Broeks
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Irene L Andrulis
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Ontario Cancer Genetics Network, Fred A. Litwin Center for Cancer Genetics, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pascal Guénel
- University Paris–Sud, Unité Mixte de Recherche Scientifique (UMRS) 1018, Villejuif, France
- INSERM (National Institute of Health and Medical Research), CESP (Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health), Environmental Epidemiology of Cancer, Villejuif, France
| | - Barbara Burwinkel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Molecular Epidemiology Group, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Elinor J Sawyer
- Division of Cancer Studies, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre, Guy’s & St. Thomas’ National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust in partnership with King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Antoinette Hollestelle
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus University Medical Center–Daniel Den Hoed Cancer Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Olivia Fletcher
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Robert Winqvist
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Department of Clinical Genetics, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Arto Mannermaa
- Imaging Center, Department of Clinical Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Biocenter Kuopio, Cancer Center of Eastern Finland, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ute Hamann
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alfons Meindl
- Division for Gynaecological Tumor Genetics, Clinic of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Division of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Annika Lindblom
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Wei Zheng
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Peter Devillee
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mark S Goldberg
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, McGill University Health Centre, Royal Victoria Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jan Lubinski
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Vessela Kristensen
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine (Faculty Division Ahus), Universitetet i Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anthony Swerdlow
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, UK
| | - Hoda Anton-Culver
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California–Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Thilo Dörk
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Kenneth Muir
- Warwick Medical School, Warwick University, Coventry, UK
- Institute of Population Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Keitaro Matsuo
- Division of Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Anna H Wu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Paolo Radice
- Unit of Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk and Genetic Testing, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori (INT), Milan, Italy
- IFOM, Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, Milan, Italy
| | - Soo Hwang Teo
- Cancer Research Initiatives Foundation, Sime Darby Medical Centre, Subang Jaya, University Malaya Cancer Research Institute, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Breast Cancer Research Unit, University Malaya Cancer Research Institute, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - William Blot
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- International Epidemiology Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Daehee Kang
- Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mikael Hartman
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Chen-Yang Shen
- Colleague of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichong, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Melissa C Southey
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Daniel J Park
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Fleur Hammet
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jennifer Stone
- Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Laura J Van’t Veer
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Emiel J Rutgers
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Julian Peto
- Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Michael G Schrauder
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Breast Center Franconia, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Arif B Ekici
- Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matthias W Beckmann
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Breast Center Franconia, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Isabel dos Santos Silva
- Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Nichola Johnson
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Helen Warren
- Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Ian Tomlinson
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Michael J Kerin
- Department of Surgery, Clinical Science Institute, University Hospital and National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Nicola Miller
- Department of Surgery, Clinical Science Institute, University Hospital and National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Federick Marme
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Schneeweiss
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christof Sohn
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Therese Truong
- University Paris–Sud, Unité Mixte de Recherche Scientifique (UMRS) 1018, Villejuif, France
- INSERM (National Institute of Health and Medical Research), CESP (Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health), Environmental Epidemiology of Cancer, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Pierre Kerbrat
- Centre Eugène Marquis, Department of Medical Oncology, Rennes, France
| | - Børge G Nordestgaard
- Copenhagen General Population Study, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sune F Nielsen
- Copenhagen General Population Study, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik Flyger
- Department of Breast Surgery, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Roger L Milne
- Genetic & Molecular Epidemiology Group, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Heiko Müller
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Volker Arndt
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Peter Lichtner
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München–German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Magdalena Lochmann
- Division of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Christina Justenhoven
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
- University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Yon-Dschun Ko
- Department of Internal Medicine, Evangelische Kliniken Bonn, Johanniter Krankenhaus, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Taru A Muranen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kristiina Aittomäki
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Carl Blomqvist
- Department of Oncology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Dario Greco
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuomas Heikkinen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hidemi Ito
- Division of Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroji Iwata
- Department of Breast Oncology, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yasushi Yatabe
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Natalia N Antonenkova
- N.N. Alexandrov Research Institute of Oncology and Medical Radiology, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Sara Margolin
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vesa Kataja
- School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Kuopio, Finland
- Biocenter Kuopio, Cancer Center of Eastern Finland, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Cancer Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Veli-Matti Kosma
- Imaging Center, Department of Clinical Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Biocenter Kuopio, Cancer Center of Eastern Finland, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jaana M Hartikainen
- Imaging Center, Department of Clinical Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Biocenter Kuopio, Cancer Center of Eastern Finland, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Rosemary Balleine
- Western Sydney Local Health District, Westmead Millennium Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Nepean Blue Mountains Local Health District, Westmead Millennium Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Chiu-Chen Tseng
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - David Van Den Berg
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Daniel O Stram
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Patrick Neven
- Multidisciplinary Breast Center, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anne-Sophie Dieudonné
- Multidisciplinary Breast Center, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Karin Leunen
- Multidisciplinary Breast Center, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anja Rudolph
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Nickels
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dieter Flesch-Janys
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology/Clinical Cancer Registry, University Clinic Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Institute for Medical Biometrics and Epidemiology, University Clinic Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Paolo Peterlongo
- Unit of Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk and Genetic Testing, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori (INT), Milan, Italy
- IFOM, Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, Milan, Italy
| | - Bernard Peissel
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS INT, Milan, Italy
| | - Loris Bernard
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Milan, Italy
- Cogentech Cancer Genetic Test Laboratory, Milan, Italy
| | - Janet E Olson
- Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Xianshu Wang
- Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Division of Experimental Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Kristen Stevens
- Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Gianluca Severi
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, The Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Laura Baglietto
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, The Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Catriona Mclean
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gerhard A Coetzee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Urology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ye Feng
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Brian E Henderson
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Fredrick Schumacher
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Natalia V Bogdanova
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - France Labrèche
- Département de Médecine Sociale et Préventive, Département de Santé Environnementale et Santé au Travail, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Martine Dumont
- Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec and Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Cheng Har Yip
- Breast Cancer Research Unit, University Malaya Cancer Research Institute, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nur Aishah Mohd Taib
- Breast Cancer Research Unit, University Malaya Cancer Research Institute, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ching-Yu Cheng
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Martha Shrubsole
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jirong Long
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Katri Pylkäs
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Department of Clinical Genetics, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | | | - Saila Kauppila
- Department of Pathology, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Julia A knight
- Ontario Cancer Genetics Network, Fred A. Litwin Center for Cancer Genetics, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Epidemiology, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gord Glendon
- Ontario Cancer Genetics Network, Fred A. Litwin Center for Cancer Genetics, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anna Marie Mulligan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keenan Research Centre of the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Caroline M Seynaeve
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus University Medical Center–Daniel Den Hoed Cancer Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mieke Kriege
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus University Medical Center–Daniel Den Hoed Cancer Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maartje J Hooning
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus University Medical Center–Daniel Den Hoed Cancer Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Wei Lu
- Shanghai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Tang Gao
- Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Cai
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Sabapathy P Balasubramanian
- Cancer Research UK/Yorkshire Cancer Research Sheffield Cancer Research Centre, Department of Oncology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Simon S Cross
- Academic Unit of Pathology, Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Malcolm W R Reed
- Cancer Research UK/Yorkshire Cancer Research Sheffield Cancer Research Centre, Department of Oncology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Lisa Signorello
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Qiuyin Cai
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, McGill University Health Centre, Royal Victoria Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mitul Shah
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Hui Miao
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ching Wan Chan
- Department of Surgery, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Kee Seng Chia
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anna Jakubowska
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Jaworska
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Durda
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Chia-Ni Hsiung
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ei Wu
- Taiwan Biobank, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Cherng Yu
- Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Alan Ashworth
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Michael Jones
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, UK
| | - Daniel C Tessier
- McGill University and Génome Québec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Anna González-Neira
- Human Genotyping Unit–CEGEN, Human Cancer Genetics Programme, CNIO, Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo Pita
- Human Genotyping Unit–CEGEN, Human Cancer Genetics Programme, CNIO, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Rosario Alonso
- Human Genotyping Unit–CEGEN, Human Cancer Genetics Programme, CNIO, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Vincent
- McGill University and Génome Québec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Francois Bacot
- McGill University and Génome Québec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Christine B Ambrosone
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Elisa V Bandera
- The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Esther M John
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, California, USA
- Department of Health Research and Policy, Division of Epidemiology, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Gary K Chen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jennifer J Hu
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Jorge L Rodriguez-gil
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Leslie Bernstein
- Division of Cancer Etiology, Department of Population Science, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Michael F Press
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Regina G Ziegler
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Program, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Robert M Millikan
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sandra L Deming-Halverson
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Sarah Nyante
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sue A Ingles
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Quinten Waisfisz
- Section of Oncogenetics, Department of Clinical Genetics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Helen Tsimiklis
- Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Enes Makalic
- School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Daniel Schmidt
- School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Minh Bui
- School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lorna Gibson
- Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Bertram Müller-Myhsok
- Statistical Genetics Research Group, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Rita K Schmutzler
- Centre of Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer, University Hospital, Cologne, Germany
- Centre of Integrated Oncology, University Hospital, Cologne, Germany
| | - Rebecca Hein
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- PMV (Primärmedizinische Versorgung) Research Group, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Norbert Dahmen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Lars Beckmann
- Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care (IQWiG), Cologne, Germany
| | - Kirsimari Aaltonen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Oncology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kamila Czene
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Astrid Irwanto
- Human Genetics Division, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Human Genetics Division, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Clare Turnbull
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, UK
| | | | - Nazneen Rahman
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, UK
| | - Hanne Meijers-Heijboer
- Section of Oncogenetics, Department of Clinical Genetics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andre G Uitterlinden
- Department of Internal Medicine and Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- Department of Internal Medicine and Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Curtis Olswold
- Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Susan Slager
- Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Robert Pilarski
- Department of Internal Medicine, James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Irene Konstantopoulou
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, Institute of Radioisotopes and Radiodiagnostic Products (IRRP), National Centre for Scientific Research Demokritos, Aghia Paraskevi Attikis, Athens, Greece
| | - Nicholas G Martin
- QIMR GWAS Collective, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Grant W Montgomery
- QIMR GWAS Collective, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Dennis J Slamon
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Claudia Rauh
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Breast Center Franconia, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael P Lux
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Breast Center Franconia, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sebastian M Jud
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Breast Center Franconia, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas Bruning
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance (IPA), Bochum, Germany
| | - Joellen Weaver
- Biosample Repository, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Priyanka Sharma
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Harsh Pathak
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Will Tapper
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Sue Gerty
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Lorraine Durcan
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Dimitrios Trichopoulos
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Bureau of Epidemiologic Research, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece
| | - Rosario Tumino
- Cancer Registry, Histopathology Unit Civile MPArezzo Hospital, Ragusa, Italy
| | - Petra H Peeters
- Julius Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rudolf Kaaks
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniele Campa
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Federico Canzian
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Elisabete Weiderpass
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
- Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mattias Johansson
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Kay-Tee Khaw
- Clinical Gerontology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ruth Travis
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Françoise Clavel-Chapelon
- University Paris–Sud, Unité Mixte de Recherche Scientifique (UMRS) 1018, Villejuif, France
- INSERM (National Institute of Health and Medical Research), CESP (Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health), Environmental Epidemiology of Cancer, Villejuif, France
| | - Laurence N Kolonel
- Département de Médecine Sociale et Préventive, Département de Santé Environnementale et Santé au Travail, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Constance Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andy Beck
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel DeaconessMedical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Susan E Hankinson
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christine D Berg
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Robert N Hoover
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Program, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jolanta Lissowska
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, M Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jonine D Figueroa
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Program, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Daniel I Chasman
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mia M Gaudet
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - W Ryan Diver
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Walter C Willett
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David J Hunter
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jacques Simard
- Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec and Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Javier Benitez
- Human Genotyping Unit–CEGEN, Human Cancer Genetics Programme, CNIO, Madrid, Spain
- Human Genetics Group, CNIO, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigacion en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alison M Dunning
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mark E Sherman
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Program, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Georgia Chenevix-Trench
- Department of Genetics, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Stephen J Chanock
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Program, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Per Hall
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paul D P Pharoah
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Celine Vachon
- Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Douglas F Easton
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Christopher A Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Peter Kraft
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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30
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Siddiq A, Couch FJ, Chen GK, Lindström S, Eccles D, Millikan RC, Michailidou K, Stram DO, Beckmann L, Rhie SK, Ambrosone CB, Aittomäki K, Amiano P, Apicella C, Baglietto L, Bandera EV, Beckmann MW, Berg CD, Bernstein L, Blomqvist C, Brauch H, Brinton L, Bui QM, Buring JE, Buys SS, Campa D, Carpenter JE, Chasman DI, Chang-Claude J, Chen C, Clavel-Chapelon F, Cox A, Cross SS, Czene K, Deming SL, Diasio RB, Diver WR, Dunning AM, Durcan L, Ekici AB, Fasching PA, Feigelson HS, Fejerman L, Figueroa JD, Fletcher O, Flesch-Janys D, Gaudet MM, Gerty SM, Rodriguez-Gil JL, Giles GG, van Gils CH, Godwin AK, Graham N, Greco D, Hall P, Hankinson SE, Hartmann A, Hein R, Heinz J, Hoover RN, Hopper JL, Hu JJ, Huntsman S, Ingles SA, Irwanto A, Isaacs C, Jacobs KB, John EM, Justenhoven C, Kaaks R, Kolonel LN, Coetzee GA, Lathrop M, Le Marchand L, Lee AM, Lee IM, Lesnick T, Lichtner P, Liu J, Lund E, Makalic E, Martin NG, McLean CA, Meijers-Heijboer H, Meindl A, Miron P, Monroe KR, Montgomery GW, Müller-Myhsok B, Nickels S, Nyante SJ, Olswold C, Overvad K, Palli D, Park DJ, Palmer JR, Pathak H, Peto J, Pharoah P, Rahman N, Rivadeneira F, Schmidt DF, Schmutzler RK, Slager S, Southey MC, Stevens KN, Sinn HP, Press MF, Ross E, Riboli E, Ridker PM, Schumacher FR, Severi G, dos Santos Silva I, Stone J, Sund M, Tapper WJ, Thun MJ, Travis RC, Turnbull C, Uitterlinden AG, Waisfisz Q, Wang X, Wang Z, Weaver J, Schulz-Wendtland R, Wilkens LR, Van Den Berg D, Zheng W, Ziegler RG, Ziv E, Nevanlinna H, Easton DF, Hunter DJ, Henderson BE, Chanock SJ, Garcia-Closas M, Kraft P, Haiman CA, Vachon CM. A meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies of breast cancer identifies two novel susceptibility loci at 6q14 and 20q11. Hum Mol Genet 2012; 21:5373-84. [PMID: 22976474 PMCID: PMC3510753 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/dds381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2012] [Accepted: 09/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of breast cancer defined by hormone receptor status have revealed loci contributing to susceptibility of estrogen receptor (ER)-negative subtypes. To identify additional genetic variants for ER-negative breast cancer, we conducted the largest meta-analysis of ER-negative disease to date, comprising 4754 ER-negative cases and 31 663 controls from three GWAS: NCI Breast and Prostate Cancer Cohort Consortium (BPC3) (2188 ER-negative cases; 25 519 controls of European ancestry), Triple Negative Breast Cancer Consortium (TNBCC) (1562 triple negative cases; 3399 controls of European ancestry) and African American Breast Cancer Consortium (AABC) (1004 ER-negative cases; 2745 controls). We performed in silico replication of 86 SNPs at P ≤ 1 × 10(-5) in an additional 11 209 breast cancer cases (946 with ER-negative disease) and 16 057 controls of Japanese, Latino and European ancestry. We identified two novel loci for breast cancer at 20q11 and 6q14. SNP rs2284378 at 20q11 was associated with ER-negative breast cancer (combined two-stage OR = 1.16; P = 1.1 × 10(-8)) but showed a weaker association with overall breast cancer (OR = 1.08, P = 1.3 × 10(-6)) based on 17 869 cases and 43 745 controls and no association with ER-positive disease (OR = 1.01, P = 0.67) based on 9965 cases and 22 902 controls. Similarly, rs17530068 at 6q14 was associated with breast cancer (OR = 1.12; P = 1.1 × 10(-9)), and with both ER-positive (OR = 1.09; P = 1.5 × 10(-5)) and ER-negative (OR = 1.16, P = 2.5 × 10(-7)) disease. We also confirmed three known loci associated with ER-negative (19p13) and both ER-negative and ER-positive breast cancer (6q25 and 12p11). Our results highlight the value of large-scale collaborative studies to identify novel breast cancer risk loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afshan Siddiq
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and
- Department of Genomics of Common Disease, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Fergus J. Couch
- Department of Health Sciences Research
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology and
| | | | | | - Diana Eccles
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Robert C. Millikan
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kyriaki Michailidou
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care and
| | | | - Lars Beckmann
- Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care, IQWiG, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Christine B. Ambrosone
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | | | - Pilar Amiano
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmel Apicella
- Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic, and Analytic Epidemiology, Melbourne School of Population Health and
| | | | - Laura Baglietto
- Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic, and Analytic Epidemiology, Melbourne School of Population Health and
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, The Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Matthias W. Beckmann
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, University Hospital Erlangen, University Breast Center Franconia, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Leslie Bernstein
- Division of Cancer Etiology, Department of Population Science, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, CA, USA
| | - Carl Blomqvist
- Department of Oncology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hiltrud Brauch
- Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and
| | - Louise Brinton
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Quang M. Bui
- Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic, and Analytic Epidemiology, Melbourne School of Population Health and
| | - Julie E. Buring
- Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Saundra S. Buys
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | - Jane E. Carpenter
- Australian Breast Cancer Tissue Bank, Westmead Millennium Institute and
| | - Daniel I. Chasman
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Françoise Clavel-Chapelon
- INSERM UMR 1018, Team 9: Nutrition, Hormones et Santé desfemmes, Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie et Santé des Populations, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif, France
| | - Angela Cox
- Institute for Cancer Studies, Department of Oncology and
| | - Simon S. Cross
- Academic Unit of Pathology, Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Kamila Czene
- Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
| | - Sandra L. Deming
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - W. Ryan Diver
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Alison M. Dunning
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lorraine Durcan
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Arif B. Ekici
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Institute of Human Genetics, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter A. Fasching
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, University Hospital Erlangen, University Breast Center Franconia, Erlangen, Germany
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Laura Fejerman
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Institute for Human Genetics and Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jonine D. Figueroa
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Olivia Fletcher
- Institute of Cancer Research, Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Dieter Flesch-Janys
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology/Clinical Cancer Registry, University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH) , Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Medical Biometrics and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mia M. Gaudet
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - The GENICA Consortium
- Gene Environment Interaction and Breast Cancer in Germany (GENICA): Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, University Tübingen, Stuttgart, Germany
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine, Evangelische Kliniken Bonn gGmbH, Johanniter Krankenhaus, Bonn, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty of the University of Bonn, Germany
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance (IPA), Bochum, Germany
- Institute and Outpatient Clinic of Occupational Medicine, Saarland University Medical Center and Saarland University Faculty of Medicine, Homburg, Germany
| | - Susan M. Gerty
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Jorge L. Rodriguez-Gil
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Graham G. Giles
- Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic, and Analytic Epidemiology, Melbourne School of Population Health and
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, The Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Andrew K. Godwin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Nikki Graham
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Dario Greco
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland and
| | - Per Hall
- Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
| | - Susan E. Hankinson
- Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Rebecca Hein
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center and
- PMV Research Group at the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and
| | - Judith Heinz
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology/Clinical Cancer Registry, University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH) , Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Medical Biometrics and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Robert N. Hoover
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - John L. Hopper
- Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic, and Analytic Epidemiology, Melbourne School of Population Health and
| | - Jennifer J. Hu
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Scott Huntsman
- Institute for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente, Denver, CO, USA
| | | | - Astrid Irwanto
- Human Genetics Division, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Claudine Isaacs
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Kevin B. Jacobs
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
- Core Genotyping Facility, SAIC-Frederick Inc., NCI-Frederick, Frederick, MD, USA
- Bioinformed Consulting Services, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Esther M. John
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA, USA
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Rudolf Kaaks
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center and
| | | | - Gerhard A. Coetzee
- Department of Preventive Medicine and
- Department of Urology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Mark Lathrop
- Centre National de Genotypage, Evry, France
- Fondation Jean Dausset, CEPH, Paris, France
| | - Loic Le Marchand
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Adam M. Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - I-Min Lee
- Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Peter Lichtner
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Human Genetics Division, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eiliv Lund
- Institute of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Enes Makalic
- Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic, and Analytic Epidemiology, Melbourne School of Population Health and
| | - Nicholas G. Martin
- QIMR GWAS Collective, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Hanne Meijers-Heijboer
- Department of Clinical Genetics, VU University Medical Center, section Oncogenetics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alfons Meindl
- Clinic of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Division for Gynaecological Tumor-Genetics, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | | | | | - Grant W. Montgomery
- QIMR GWAS Collective, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Stefan Nickels
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center and
| | - Sarah J. Nyante
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | | | - Kim Overvad
- Department of Cardiology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Aalborg Hospital, Aarhus University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Domenico Palli
- Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute, ISPO, Florence, Italy
| | - Daniel J. Park
- Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Julie R. Palmer
- Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Harsh Pathak
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Julian Peto
- Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Paul Pharoah
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- Department of Internal Medicine and Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel F. Schmidt
- Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic, and Analytic Epidemiology, Melbourne School of Population Health and
| | - Rita K. Schmutzler
- Division of Molecular Gynaeco-Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Melissa C. Southey
- Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Hans-Peter Sinn
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael F. Press
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Elio Riboli
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and
| | - Paul M. Ridker
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Gianluca Severi
- Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic, and Analytic Epidemiology, Melbourne School of Population Health and
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, The Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Isabel dos Santos Silva
- Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Jennifer Stone
- Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic, and Analytic Epidemiology, Melbourne School of Population Health and
| | - Malin Sund
- Department of Surgery, Umeå University, Umea, Sweden and
| | | | - Michael J. Thun
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ruth C. Travis
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Andre G. Uitterlinden
- Department of Internal Medicine and Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Quinten Waisfisz
- Department of Clinical Genetics, VU University Medical Center, section Oncogenetics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Xianshu Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology and
| | - Zhaoming Wang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
- Core Genotyping Facility, SAIC-Frederick Inc., NCI-Frederick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - JoEllen Weaver
- Biosample Repository, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rüdiger Schulz-Wendtland
- Institute of Diagnostic Radiology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lynne R. Wilkens
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | | | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Regina G. Ziegler
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Elad Ziv
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Institute for Human Genetics and Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Heli Nevanlinna
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland and
| | - Douglas F. Easton
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - David J. Hunter
- Program in Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology and
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Stephen J. Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | | | - Peter Kraft
- Program in Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology and
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Ghoussaini M, Fletcher O, Michailidou K, Turnbull C, Schmidt MK, Dicks E, Dennis J, Wang Q, Humphreys MK, Luccarini C, Baynes C, Conroy D, Maranian M, Ahmed S, Driver K, Johnson N, Orr N, dos Santos Silva I, Waisfisz Q, Meijers-Heijboer H, Uitterlinden AG, Rivadeneira F, Hall P, Czene K, Irwanto A, Liu J, Nevanlinna H, Aittomäki K, Blomqvist C, Meindl A, Schmutzler RK, Müller-Myhsok B, Lichtner P, Chang-Claude J, Hein R, Nickels S, Flesch-Janys D, Tsimiklis H, Makalic E, Schmidt D, Bui M, Hopper JL, Apicella C, Park DJ, Southey M, Hunter DJ, Chanock SJ, Broeks A, Verhoef S, Hogervorst FBL, Fasching PA, Lux MP, Beckmann MW, Ekici AB, Sawyer E, Tomlinson I, Kerin M, Marme F, Schneeweiss A, Sohn C, Burwinkel B, Guénel P, Truong T, Cordina-Duverger E, Menegaux F, Bojesen SE, Nordestgaard BG, Nielsen SF, Flyger H, Milne RL, Alonso MR, González-Neira A, Benítez J, Anton-Culver H, Ziogas A, Bernstein L, Dur CC, Brenner H, Müller H, Arndt V, Stegmaier C, Justenhoven C, Brauch H, Brüning T, Wang-Gohrke S, Eilber U, Dörk T, Schürmann P, Bremer M, Hillemanns P, Bogdanova NV, Antonenkova NN, Rogov YI, Karstens JH, Bermisheva M, Prokofieva D, Khusnutdinova E, Lindblom A, Margolin S, Mannermaa A, Kataja V, Kosma VM, Hartikainen JM, Lambrechts D, Yesilyurt BT, Floris G, Leunen K, Manoukian S, Bonanni B, Fortuzzi S, Peterlongo P, Couch FJ, Wang X, Stevens K, Lee A, Giles GG, Baglietto L, Severi G, McLean C, Alnaes GG, Kristensen V, Børrensen-Dale AL, John EM, Miron A, Winqvist R, Pylkäs K, Jukkola-Vuorinen A, Kauppila S, Andrulis IL, Glendon G, Mulligan AM, Devilee P, van Asperen CJ, Tollenaar RAEM, Seynaeve C, Figueroa JD, Garcia-Closas M, Brinton L, Lissowska J, Hooning MJ, Hollestelle A, Oldenburg RA, van den Ouweland AMW, Cox A, Reed MWR, Shah M, Jakubowska A, Lubinski J, Jaworska K, Durda K, Jones M, Schoemaker M, Ashworth A, Swerdlow A, Beesley J, Chen X, Muir KR, Lophatananon A, Rattanamongkongul S, Chaiwerawattana A, Kang D, Yoo KY, Noh DY, Shen CY, Yu JC, Wu PE, Hsiung CN, Perkins A, Swann R, Velentzis L, Eccles DM, Tapper WJ, Gerty SM, Graham NJ, Ponder BAJ, Chenevix-Trench G, Pharoah PDP, Lathrop M, Dunning AM, Rahman N, Peto J, Easton DF. Genome-wide association analysis identifies three new breast cancer susceptibility loci. Nat Genet 2012; 44:312-8. [PMID: 22267197 PMCID: PMC3653403 DOI: 10.1038/ng.1049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2011] [Accepted: 12/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women. To date, 22 common breast cancer susceptibility loci have been identified accounting for ∼8% of the heritability of the disease. We attempted to replicate 72 promising associations from two independent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in ∼70,000 cases and ∼68,000 controls from 41 case-control studies and 9 breast cancer GWAS. We identified three new breast cancer risk loci at 12p11 (rs10771399; P = 2.7 × 10(-35)), 12q24 (rs1292011; P = 4.3 × 10(-19)) and 21q21 (rs2823093; P = 1.1 × 10(-12)). rs10771399 was associated with similar relative risks for both estrogen receptor (ER)-negative and ER-positive breast cancer, whereas the other two loci were associated only with ER-positive disease. Two of the loci lie in regions that contain strong plausible candidate genes: PTHLH (12p11) has a crucial role in mammary gland development and the establishment of bone metastasis in breast cancer, and NRIP1 (21q21) encodes an ER cofactor and has a role in the regulation of breast cancer cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Ghoussaini
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, UK
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32
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Stevens KN, Vachon CM, Lee AM, Slager S, Lesnick T, Olswold C, Fasching PA, Miron P, Eccles D, Carpenter JE, Godwin AK, Ambrosone C, Winqvist R, Schmidt MK, Cox A, Cross SS, Sawyer E, Hartmann A, Beckmann MW, Schulz-Wendtland R, Ekici AB, Tapper WJ, Gerty SM, Durcan L, Graham N, Hein R, Nickels S, Flesch-Janys D, Heinz J, Sinn HP, Konstantopoulou I, Fostira F, Pectasides D, Dimopoulos AM, Fountzilas G, Clarke CL, Balleine R, Olson JE, Fredericksen Z, Diasio RB, Pathak H, Ross E, Weaver J, Rüdiger T, Försti A, Dünnebier T, Ademuyiwa F, Kulkarni S, Pylkäs K, Jukkola-Vuorinen A, Ko YD, Van Limbergen E, Janssen H, Peto J, Fletcher O, Giles GG, Baglietto L, Verhoef S, Tomlinson I, Kosma VM, Beesley J, Greco D, Blomqvist C, Irwanto A, Liu J, Blows FM, Dawson SJ, Margolin S, Mannermaa A, Martin NG, Montgomery GW, Lambrechts D, dos Santos Silva I, Severi G, Hamann U, Pharoah P, Easton DF, Chang-Claude J, Yannoukakos D, Nevanlinna H, Wang X, Couch FJ. Common breast cancer susceptibility loci are associated with triple-negative breast cancer. Cancer Res 2011; 71:6240-9. [PMID: 21844186 PMCID: PMC3327299 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-11-1266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancers are an aggressive subtype of breast cancer with poor survival, but there remains little known about the etiologic factors that promote its initiation and development. Commonly inherited breast cancer risk factors identified through genome-wide association studies display heterogeneity of effect among breast cancer subtypes as defined by the status of estrogen and progesterone receptors. In the Triple Negative Breast Cancer Consortium (TNBCC), 22 common breast cancer susceptibility variants were investigated in 2,980 Caucasian women with triple-negative breast cancer and 4,978 healthy controls. We identified six single-nucleotide polymorphisms, including rs2046210 (ESR1), rs12662670 (ESR1), rs3803662 (TOX3), rs999737 (RAD51L1), rs8170 (19p13.1), and rs8100241 (19p13.1), significantly associated with the risk of triple-negative breast cancer. Together, our results provide convincing evidence of genetic susceptibility for triple-negative breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Celine M. Vachon
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Adam M. Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Susan Slager
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Timothy Lesnick
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Curtis Olswold
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Peter A. Fasching
- University of California at Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of hematology and Oncology, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Diana Eccles
- University of Southampton, Faculty of Medicine, Southampton University Hospitals NHS Trust, Southampton UK
| | - Jane E. Carpenter
- Australian Breast Cancer Tissue Bank, University of Sydney at the Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrew K. Godwin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kansas University Medical Center, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Christine Ambrosone
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Robert Winqvist
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Department of Clinical Genetics and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Hiltrud Brauch on behalf of the GENICA consortium
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, and University Tübingen,Germany
- Gene Environment Interaction and Breast Cancer in Germany (GENICA): Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, and University Tübingen, Germany (HB, Christina Justenhoven); Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (Ute Hamann); Department of Internal Medicine, Evangelische Kliniken Bonn gGmbH, Johanniter Krankenhaus, Bonn, Germany (YDK, Christian Baisch); Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty of the University of Bonn, Germany (Hans-Peter Fischer); Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance (IPA), Bochum, Germany (Thomas Bruening, Beate Pesch, Volker Harth, Sylvia Rabstein)
| | - Marjanka K. Schmidt
- Division of Experimental Therapy and Molecular Pathology and Division of Epidemiology (MKS), Netherlands Cancer Institute – Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Angela Cox
- Institute for Cancer Studies, Department of Oncology , Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry & Health, University of Sheffield, UK
| | - Simon S. Cross
- Academic Unit of Pathology, Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry & Health, University of Sheffield, UK
| | - Elinor Sawyer
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre, Guy's & St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Arndt Hartmann
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matthias W. Beckmann
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg , University Hospital Erlangen, University Breast Center Franconia, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Schulz-Wendtland
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Institute of Diagnostic Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Arif B. Ekici
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Institute of Human Genetics, Erlangen, Germany
| | - William J Tapper
- University of Southampton, Faculty of Medicine, Southampton University Hospitals NHS Trust, Southampton UK
| | - Susan M Gerty
- University of Southampton, Faculty of Medicine, Southampton University Hospitals NHS Trust, Southampton UK
| | - Lorraine Durcan
- University of Southampton, Faculty of Medicine, Southampton University Hospitals NHS Trust, Southampton UK
| | - Nikki Graham
- University of Southampton, Faculty of Medicine, Southampton University Hospitals NHS Trust, Southampton UK
| | - Rebecca Hein
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stephan Nickels
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dieter Flesch-Janys
- Institute for Medical Biometrics and Epidemiology, University Clinic Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Judith Heinz
- Institute for Medical Biometrics and Epidemiology, University Clinic Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Sinn
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Irene Konstantopoulou
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory IRRP, National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, Athens, Greece
| | - Florentia Fostira
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory IRRP, National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Pectasides
- Department of Internal Medicine, Oncology Section, “Hippokration” Hospital; Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasios M. Dimopoulos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, “Alexandra” Hospital, University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - George Fountzilas
- Department of Medical Oncology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Papageorgiou Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Christine L. Clarke
- Australian Breast Cancer Tissue Bank, University of Sydney at the Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Rosemary Balleine
- Dept of Translational Oncology, Westmead Hospital, Western Sydney Local Health Network, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Janet E. Olson
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | | | - Harsh Pathak
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Eric Ross
- Department of Biostatistics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - JoEllen Weaver
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Thomas Rüdiger
- Institute of Pathology, Städtisches Klinikum Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Asta Försti
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany and Center for Primary Health Care Research, University of Lund, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Thomas Dünnebier
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Foluso Ademuyiwa
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Swati Kulkarni
- Dept of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Katri Pylkäs
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Department of Clinical Genetics and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | | | - Yon-Dschun Ko
- Department of Internal Medicine, Evangelische Kliniken Johanniter- und Waldkrankenhaus Bonn gGmbH, Bonn, Germany
| | - Erik Van Limbergen
- Multidisciplinary Breast Center, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hilde Janssen
- Multidisciplinary Breast Center, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Julian Peto
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Olivia Fletcher
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Graham G. Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, The Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia & Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic, and Analytic Epidemiology, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Laura Baglietto
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, The Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia & Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic, and Analytic Epidemiology, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Senno Verhoef
- Family Cancer Clinic (SV), Netherlands Cancer Institute – Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ian Tomlinson
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics and Oxford Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Veli-Matti Kosma
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Pathology, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital; Biocenter Kuopio, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jonathan Beesley
- Genetics and Population Health Division, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Dario Greco
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, , Helsinki, Finland
| | - Carl Blomqvist
- Department of Oncology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Astrid Irwanto
- Human Genetics Division, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Human Genetics Division, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Fiona M. Blows
- Department of Oncology and Department of Public Health and Primary Care University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sarah-Jane Dawson
- Department of Oncology and Department of Public Health and Primary Care University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sara Margolin
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Arto Mannermaa
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Pathology, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital; Biocenter Kuopio, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Nicholas G. Martin
- QIMR GWAS Collective, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Grant W Montgomery
- QIMR GWAS Collective, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Diether Lambrechts
- Vesalius Research Center, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Vesalius Research Center, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Isabel dos Santos Silva
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Gianluca Severi
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, The Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia & Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic, and Analytic Epidemiology, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ute Hamann
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany and Center for Primary Health Care Research, University of Lund, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Paul Pharoah
- Department of Oncology and Department of Public Health and Primary Care University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Douglas F. Easton
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Cancer Research UK Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Institute of Human Genetics, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Heli Nevanlinna
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, , Helsinki, Finland
| | - Xianshu Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Fergus J. Couch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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33
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Li J, Humphreys K, Darabi H, Rosin G, Hannelius U, Heikkinen T, Aittomäki K, Blomqvist C, Pharoah PD, Dunning AM, Ahmed S, Hooning MJ, Hollestelle A, Oldenburg RA, Alfredsson L, Palotie A, Peltonen-Palotie L, Irwanto A, Low HQ, Teoh GH, Thalamuthu A, Kere J, D'Amato M, Easton DF, Nevanlinna H, Liu J, Czene K, Hall P. A genome-wide association scan on estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 2010; 12:R93. [PMID: 21062454 PMCID: PMC3046434 DOI: 10.1186/bcr2772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2010] [Revised: 10/06/2010] [Accepted: 11/09/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease and may be characterized on the basis of whether estrogen receptors (ER) are expressed in the tumour cells. ER status of breast cancer is important clinically, and is used both as a prognostic indicator and treatment predictor. In this study, we focused on identifying genetic markers associated with ER-negative breast cancer risk. Methods We conducted a genome-wide association analysis of 285,984 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) genotyped in 617 ER-negative breast cancer cases and 4,583 controls. We also conducted a genome-wide pathway analysis on the discovery dataset using permutation-based tests on pre-defined pathways. The extent of shared polygenic variation between ER-negative and ER-positive breast cancers was assessed by relating risk scores, derived using ER-positive breast cancer samples, to disease state in independent, ER-negative breast cancer cases. Results Association with ER-negative breast cancer was not validated for any of the five most strongly associated SNPs followed up in independent studies (1,011 ER-negative breast cancer cases, 7,604 controls). However, an excess of small P-values for SNPs with known regulatory functions in cancer-related pathways was found (global P = 0.052). We found no evidence to suggest that ER-negative breast cancer shares a polygenic basis to disease with ER-positive breast cancer. Conclusions ER-negative breast cancer is a distinct breast cancer subtype that merits independent analyses. Given the clinical importance of this phenotype and the likelihood that genetic effect sizes are small, greater sample sizes and further studies are required to understand the etiology of ER-negative breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingmei Li
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden.
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