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Guo Q, Burgess S, Turman C, Bolla MK, Wang Q, Lush M, Abraham J, Aittomäki K, Andrulis IL, Apicella C, Arndt V, Barrdahl M, Benitez J, Berg CD, Blomqvist C, Bojesen SE, Bonanni B, Brand JS, Brenner H, Broeks A, Burwinkel B, Caldas C, Campa D, Canzian F, Chang-Claude J, Chanock SJ, Chin SF, Couch FJ, Cox A, Cross SS, Cybulski C, Czene K, Darabi H, Devilee P, Diver WR, Dunning AM, Earl HM, Eccles DM, Ekici AB, Eriksson M, Evans DG, Fasching PA, Figueroa J, Flesch-Janys D, Flyger H, Gapstur SM, Gaudet MM, Giles GG, Glendon G, Grip M, Gronwald J, Haeberle L, Haiman CA, Hall P, Hamann U, Hankinson S, Hartikainen JM, Hein A, Hiller L, Hogervorst FB, Holleczek B, Hooning MJ, Hoover RN, Humphreys K, Hunter DJ, Hüsing A, Jakubowska A, Jukkola-Vuorinen A, Kaaks R, Kabisch M, Kataja V, Knight JA, Koppert LB, Kosma VM, Kristensen VN, Lambrechts D, Le Marchand L, Li J, Lindblom A, Lindström S, Lissowska J, Lubinski J, Machiela MJ, Mannermaa A, Manoukian S, Margolin S, Marme F, Martens JWM, McLean C, Menéndez P, Milne RL, Marie Mulligan A, Muranen TA, Nevanlinna H, Neven P, Nielsen SF, Nordestgaard BG, Olson JE, Perez JIA, Peterlongo P, Phillips KA, Poole CJ, Pylkäs K, Radice P, Rahman N, Rüdiger T, Rudolph A, Sawyer EJ, Schumacher F, Seibold P, Seynaeve C, Shah M, Smeets A, Southey MC, Tollenaar RAEM, Tomlinson I, Tsimiklis H, Ulmer HU, Vachon C, van den Ouweland AMW, Van’t Veer LJ, Wildiers H, Willett W, Winqvist R, Zamora MP, Chenevix-Trench G, Dörk T, Easton DF, García-Closas M, Kraft P, Hopper JL, Zheng W, Schmidt MK, Pharoah PDP. Body mass index and breast cancer survival: a Mendelian randomization analysis. Int J Epidemiol 2017; 46:1814-1822. [PMID: 29232439 PMCID: PMC5837506 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyx131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is increasing evidence that elevated body mass index (BMI) is associated with reduced survival for women with breast cancer. However, the underlying reasons remain unclear. We conducted a Mendelian randomization analysis to investigate a possible causal role of BMI in survival from breast cancer. Methods We used individual-level data from six large breast cancer case-cohorts including a total of 36 210 individuals (2475 events) of European ancestry. We created a BMI genetic risk score (GRS) based on genotypes at 94 known BMI-associated genetic variants. Association between the BMI genetic score and breast cancer survival was analysed by Cox regression for each study separately. Study-specific hazard ratios were pooled using fixed-effect meta-analysis. Results BMI genetic score was found to be associated with reduced breast cancer-specific survival for estrogen receptor (ER)-positive cases [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.11, per one-unit increment of GRS, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01-1.22, P = 0.03). We observed no association for ER-negative cases (HR = 1.00, per one-unit increment of GRS, 95% CI 0.89-1.13, P = 0.95). Conclusions Our findings suggest a causal effect of increased BMI on reduced breast cancer survival for ER-positive breast cancer. There is no evidence of a causal effect of higher BMI on survival for ER-negative breast cancer cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Guo
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stephen Burgess
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- MRC Biostatistics Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Constance Turman
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Manjeet K Bolla
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Qin Wang
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Michael Lush
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jean Abraham
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kristiina Aittomäki
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Irene L Andrulis
- Fred A. Litwin Center for Cancer Genetics, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Carmel Apicella
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Volker Arndt
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Myrto Barrdahl
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Javier Benitez
- Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Valencia, Spain
| | - Christine D Berg
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Carl Blomqvist
- Department of Oncology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Stig E Bojesen
- Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bernardo Bonanni
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Milan, Italy
| | - Judith S Brand
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Annegien Broeks
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute – Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Barbara Burwinkel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Molecular Epidemiology Group, C080, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carlos Caldas
- Cambridge Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Breast Unit and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge NHS Foundation Hospitals, Cambridge, UK
- Breast Cancer Functional Genomics Laboratory, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, UK
| | - Daniele Campa
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Federico Canzian
- Genomic Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stephen J Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Suet-Feung Chin
- Breast Cancer Functional Genomics Laboratory, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, UK
| | - Fergus J Couch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Angela Cox
- Academic Unit of Molecular Oncology, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Simon S Cross
- Academic Unit of Pathology, Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Cezary Cybulski
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Kamila Czene
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hatef Darabi
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Devilee
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - W Ryan Diver
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Alison M Dunning
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Helena M Earl
- Cambridge Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Breast Unit and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge NHS Foundation Hospitals, Cambridge, UK
| | - Diana M Eccles
- Cancer Sciences Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Arif B Ekici
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mikael Eriksson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - D Gareth Evans
- Genomic Medicine, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Central Manchester Foundation Trust, St. Mary's Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - Peter A Fasching
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jonine Figueroa
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
- Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, The University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Dieter Flesch-Janys
- Institute for Medical Biometrics and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Clinical Cancer Registry, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Henrik Flyger
- Department of Breast Surgery, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Susan M Gapstur
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mia M Gaudet
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Graham G Giles
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Cancer Epidemiology & Intelligence Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Gord Glendon
- Fred A. Litwin Center for Cancer Genetics, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Mervi Grip
- Department of Surgery, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jacek Gronwald
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Lothar Haeberle
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christopher A Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Per Hall
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ute Hamann
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Susan Hankinson
- Department of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Jaana M Hartikainen
- Translational Cancer Research Area, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Imaging Center, Department of Clinical Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Alexander Hein
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Louise Hiller
- Warwick Clinical Trials Unit, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Frans B Hogervorst
- Family Cancer Clinic, The Netherlands Cancer Institute – Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Maartje J Hooning
- Department of Medical Oncology, Family Cancer Clinic, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robert N Hoover
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Keith Humphreys
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - David J Hunter
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anika Hüsing
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anna Jakubowska
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | | | - Rudolf Kaaks
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maria Kabisch
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Vesa Kataja
- Translational Cancer Research Area, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Central Finland Health Care District, Jyväskylä Central Hospital, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | | | - Julia A Knight
- Prosserman Centre for Health Research, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- Division of Epidemiology, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Linetta B Koppert
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Family Cancer Clinic, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Veli-Matti Kosma
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Vessela N Kristensen
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Diether Lambrechts
- VIB Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Jingmei Li
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Annika Lindblom
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sara Lindström
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jolanta Lissowska
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, M. Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center – Oncology Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jan Lubinski
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Mitchell J Machiela
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Arto Mannermaa
- Translational Cancer Research Area, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Imaging Center, Department of Clinical Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Siranoush Manoukian
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS (Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico) Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori (INT), Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Margolin
- Department of Oncology – Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Federik Marme
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - John WM Martens
- Department of Medical Oncology, Family Cancer Clinic, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Catriona McLean
- Anatomical Pathology, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Roger L Milne
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Cancer Epidemiology & Intelligence Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Anna Marie Mulligan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Taru A Muranen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heli Nevanlinna
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Patrick Neven
- Leuven Multidisciplinary Breast Center, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sune F Nielsen
- Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Børge G Nordestgaard
- Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Janet E Olson
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jose IA Perez
- Servicio de Cirugía General y Especialidades, Hospital Monte Naranco, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Paolo Peterlongo
- IFOM, The FIRC (Italian Foundation for Cancer Research) Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Kelly-Anne Phillips
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Division of Cancer Medicine, Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, Melbourne, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Australia
| | | | - Katri Pylkäs
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Northern Finland Laboratory Centre Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Paolo Radice
- Unit of Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk and Genetic Testing, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS (Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico) Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori (INT), Milan, Italy
| | - Nazneen Rahman
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Thomas Rüdiger
- Institute of Pathology, Staedtisches Klinikum Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Anja Rudolph
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Elinor J Sawyer
- Research Oncology, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Fredrick Schumacher
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Petra Seibold
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Caroline Seynaeve
- Department of Medical Oncology, Family Cancer Clinic, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mitul Shah
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ann Smeets
- Leuven Multidisciplinary Breast Center, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Melissa C Southey
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Rob A E M Tollenaar
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ian Tomlinson
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics and Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Helen Tsimiklis
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Celine Vachon
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ans MW van den Ouweland
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Laura J Van’t Veer
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute – Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Wildiers
- Leuven Multidisciplinary Breast Center, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Walter Willett
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert Winqvist
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Northern Finland Laboratory Centre Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - M Pilar Zamora
- Servicio de Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Georgia Chenevix-Trench
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Thilo Dörk
- Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Douglas F Easton
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Peter Kraft
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John L Hopper
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA and
| | - Marjanka K Schmidt
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute – Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Division of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute – Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paul DP Pharoah
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Ghoussaini M, Edwards SL, Michailidou K, Nord S, Cowper-Sal·lari R, Desai K, Kar S, Hillman KM, Kaufmann S, Glubb DM, Beesley J, Dennis J, Bolla MK, Wang Q, Dicks E, Guo Q, Schmidt MK, Shah M, Luben R, Brown J, Czene K, Darabi H, Eriksson M, Klevebring D, Bojesen SE, Nordestgaard BG, Nielsen SF, Flyger H, Lambrechts D, Thienpont B, Neven P, Wildiers H, Broeks A, Van’t Veer LJ, Th Rutgers EJ, Couch FJ, Olson JE, Hallberg E, Vachon C, Chang-Claude J, Rudolph A, Seibold P, Flesch-Janys D, Peto J, dos-Santos-Silva I, Gibson L, Nevanlinna H, Muranen TA, Aittomäki K, Blomqvist C, Hall P, Li J, Liu J, Humphreys K, Kang D, Choi JY, Park SK, Noh DY, Matsuo K, Ito H, Iwata H, Yatabe Y, Guénel P, Truong T, Menegaux F, Sanchez M, Burwinkel B, Marme F, Schneeweiss A, Sohn C, Wu AH, Tseng CC, Van Den Berg D, Stram DO, Benitez J, Zamora MP, Perez JIA, Menéndez P, Shu XO, Lu W, Gao YT, Cai Q, Cox A, Cross SS, Reed MWR, Andrulis IL, Knight JA, Glendon G, Tchatchou S, Sawyer EJ, Tomlinson I, Kerin MJ, Miller N, Haiman CA, Henderson BE, Schumacher F, Le Marchand L, Lindblom A, Margolin S, TEO SH, YIP CH, Lee DSC, Wong TY, Hooning MJ, Martens JWM, Collée JM, van Deurzen CHM, Hopper JL, Southey MC, Tsimiklis H, Kapuscinski MK, Shen CY, Wu PE, Yu JC, Chen ST, Alnæs GG, Borresen-Dale AL, Giles GG, Milne RL, McLean C, Muir K, Lophatananon A, Stewart-Brown S, Siriwanarangsan P, Hartman M, Miao H, Buhari SABS, Teo YY, Fasching PA, Haeberle L, Ekici AB, Beckmann MW, Brenner H, Dieffenbach AK, Arndt V, Stegmaier C, Swerdlow A, Ashworth A, Orr N, Schoemaker MJ, García-Closas M, Figueroa J, Chanock SJ, Lissowska J, Simard J, Goldberg MS, Labrèche F, Dumont M, Winqvist R, Pylkäs K, Jukkola-Vuorinen A, Brauch H, Brüning T, Koto YD, Radice P, Peterlongo P, Bonanni B, Volorio S, Dörk T, Bogdanova NV, Helbig S, Mannermaa A, Kataja V, Kosma VM, Hartikainen JM, Devilee P, Tollenaar RAEM, Seynaeve C, Van Asperen CJ, Jakubowska A, Lubinski J, Jaworska-Bieniek K, Durda K, Slager S, Toland AE, Ambrosone CB, Yannoukakos D, Sangrajrang S, Gaborieau V, Brennan P, McKay J, Hamann U, Torres D, Zheng W, Long J, Anton-Culver H, Neuhausen SL, Luccarini C, Baynes C, Ahmed S, Maranian M, Healey CS, González-Neira A, Pita G, Alonso MR, Álvarez N, Herrero D, Tessier DC, Vincent D, Bacot F, de Santiago I, Carroll J, Caldas C, Brown MA, Lupien M, Kristensen VN, Pharoah PDP, Chenevix-Trench G, French JD, Easton DF, Dunning AM. Evidence that breast cancer risk at the 2q35 locus is mediated through IGFBP5 regulation. Nat Commun 2014; 4:4999. [PMID: 25248036 PMCID: PMC4321900 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
GWAS have identified a breast cancer susceptibility locus on 2q35. Here we report the fine mapping of this locus using data from 101,943 subjects from 50 case-control studies. We genotype 276 SNPs using the 'iCOGS' genotyping array and impute genotypes for a further 1,284 using 1000 Genomes Project data. All but two, strongly correlated SNPs (rs4442975 G/T and rs6721996 G/A) are excluded as candidate causal variants at odds against >100:1. The best functional candidate, rs4442975, is associated with oestrogen receptor positive (ER+) disease with an odds ratio (OR) in Europeans of 0.85 (95% confidence interval=0.84-0.87; P=1.7 × 10(-43)) per t-allele. This SNP flanks a transcriptional enhancer that physically interacts with the promoter of IGFBP5 (encoding insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 5) and displays allele-specific gene expression, FOXA1 binding and chromatin looping. Evidence suggests that the g-allele confers increased breast cancer susceptibility through relative downregulation of IGFBP5, a gene with known roles in breast cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Ghoussaini
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology,
University of Cambridge, Cambridge
CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Stacey L. Edwards
- Department of Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research
Institute, Brisbane, Queensland
4029, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of
Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland
4072, Australia
| | - Kyriaki Michailidou
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public
Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge
CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Silje Nord
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo
University Hospital, Radiumhospitalet, N-0310
Oslo, Norway
| | - Richard Cowper-Sal·lari
- The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health
Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
M5T 2M9
| | - Kinjal Desai
- The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health
Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
M5T 2M9
- Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College,
Hanover, New Hampshire
03755, USA
| | - Siddhartha Kar
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public
Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge
CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Kristine M. Hillman
- Department of Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research
Institute, Brisbane, Queensland
4029, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of
Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland
4072, Australia
| | - Susanne Kaufmann
- Department of Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research
Institute, Brisbane, Queensland
4029, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of
Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland
4072, Australia
| | - Dylan M. Glubb
- Department of Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research
Institute, Brisbane, Queensland
4029, Australia
| | - Jonathan Beesley
- Department of Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research
Institute, Brisbane, Queensland
4029, Australia
| | - Joe Dennis
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public
Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge
CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Manjeet K. Bolla
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public
Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge
CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Qin Wang
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public
Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge
CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Ed Dicks
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology,
University of Cambridge, Cambridge
CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Qi Guo
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology,
University of Cambridge, Cambridge
CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Marjanka K. Schmidt
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek
hospital, 1066 CX
Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mitul Shah
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology,
University of Cambridge, Cambridge
CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Robert Luben
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public
Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge
CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Judith Brown
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public
Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge
CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Kamila Czene
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska
Institutet, Stockholm
SE-17177, Sweden
| | - Hatef Darabi
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska
Institutet, Stockholm
SE-17177, Sweden
| | - Mikael Eriksson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska
Institutet, Stockholm
SE-17177, Sweden
| | - Daniel Klevebring
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska
Institutet, Stockholm
SE-17177, Sweden
| | - Stig E. Bojesen
- Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev Hospital,
2730
Herlev, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev Hospital,
Copenhagen University Hospital, 2730
Herlev, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of
Copenhagen, 2200
Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Børge G. Nordestgaard
- Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev Hospital,
2730
Herlev, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev Hospital,
Copenhagen University Hospital, 2730
Herlev, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of
Copenhagen, 2200
Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sune F. Nielsen
- Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev Hospital,
2730
Herlev, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev Hospital,
Copenhagen University Hospital, 2730
Herlev, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik Flyger
- Department of Breast Surgery, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen
University Hospital, 2730
Herlev, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Diether Lambrechts
- Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of Oncology,
University of Leuven, 3000
Leuven, Belgium
- Vesalius Research Center (VRC), VIB, 3000
Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bernard Thienpont
- Vesalius Research Center (VRC), VIB, 3000
Leuven, Belgium
- Vesalius Research Center, University of Leuven,
3000
Leuven, Belgium
| | - Patrick Neven
- Department of Oncology, University of Leuven,
3000
Leuven, Belgium
- Multidisciplinary Breast Center, Department of General Medical
Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000
Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hans Wildiers
- Department of Oncology, University of Leuven,
3000
Leuven, Belgium
- Multidisciplinary Breast Center, Department of General Medical
Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000
Leuven, Belgium
| | - Annegien Broeks
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek
hospital, 1066 CX
Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Laura J. Van’t Veer
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek
hospital, 1066 CX
Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Emiel J. Th Rutgers
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek
hospital, 1066 CX
Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Fergus J. Couch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo
Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
55905, USA
| | - Janet E. Olson
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic,
Rochester, Minnesota
55905, USA
| | - Emily Hallberg
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic,
Rochester, Minnesota
55905, USA
| | - Celine Vachon
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic,
Rochester, Minnesota
55905, USA
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center
(DKFZ), 69120
Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anja Rudolph
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center
(DKFZ), 69120
Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Petra Seibold
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center
(DKFZ), 69120
Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dieter Flesch-Janys
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology/Clinical Cancer Registry and
Institute for Medical Biometrics and Epidemiology, University Clinic
Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246
Hamburg, Germany
| | - Julian Peto
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London
School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London
WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Isabel dos-Santos-Silva
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London
School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London
WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Lorna Gibson
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London
School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London
WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Heli Nevanlinna
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University
Central Hospital, Helsinki, FI-00029
HUS, Finland
| | - Taru A. Muranen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University
Central Hospital, Helsinki, FI-00029
HUS, Finland
| | - Kristiina Aittomäki
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki,
Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki,
FI-00029
HUS, Finland
| | - Carl Blomqvist
- Department of Oncology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki
University Central Hospital, Helsinki, FI-00029
HUS, Finland
| | - Per Hall
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska
Institutet, Stockholm
SE-17177, Sweden
| | - Jingmei Li
- Human Genetics Division, Genome Institute of Singapore,
Singapore
138672, Singapore
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Human Genetics Division, Genome Institute of Singapore,
Singapore
138672, Singapore
| | - Keith Humphreys
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska
Institutet, Stockholm
SE-17177, Sweden
| | - Daehee Kang
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of
Medicine, Seoul
110-799, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University
Graduate School, Seoul
151-742, Korea
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University
College of Medicine, Seoul
110-799, Korea
| | - Ji-Yeob Choi
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of
Medicine, Seoul
110-799, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University
Graduate School, Seoul
151-742, Korea
| | - Sue K. Park
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of
Medicine, Seoul
110-799, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University
Graduate School, Seoul
151-742, Korea
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University
College of Medicine, Seoul
110-799, Korea
| | - Dong-Young Noh
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of
Medicine, Seoul
110-799, Korea
| | - Keitaro Matsuo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Kyushu University Faculty of
Medical Sciences, Fukuoka
812-8582, Japan
| | - Hidemi Ito
- Division of Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center
Research Institute, Nagoya, Aichi
464-8681, Japan
| | - Hiroji Iwata
- Department of Breast Oncology, Aichi Cancer Center
Hospital, Nagoya
484-8681, Japan
| | - Yasushi Yatabe
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics, Aichi Cancer
Center Hospital, Nagoya
484-8681, Japan
| | - Pascal Guénel
- Inserm (National Institute of Health and Medical Research),
CESP (Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health), U1018,
Environmental Epidemiology of Cancer, 94807
Villejuif, France
- University Paris-Sud, UMRS 1018, 94807
Villejuif, France
| | - Thérèse Truong
- Inserm (National Institute of Health and Medical Research),
CESP (Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health), U1018,
Environmental Epidemiology of Cancer, 94807
Villejuif, France
- University Paris-Sud, UMRS 1018, 94807
Villejuif, France
| | - Florence Menegaux
- Inserm (National Institute of Health and Medical Research),
CESP (Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health), U1018,
Environmental Epidemiology of Cancer, 94807
Villejuif, France
- University Paris-Sud, UMRS 1018, 94807
Villejuif, France
| | - Marie Sanchez
- Inserm (National Institute of Health and Medical Research),
CESP (Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health), U1018,
Environmental Epidemiology of Cancer, 94807
Villejuif, France
- University Paris-Sud, UMRS 1018, 94807
Villejuif, France
| | - Barbara Burwinkel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of
Heidelberg, 69120
Heidelberg, Germany
- Molecular Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center
(DKFZ), 69120
Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frederik Marme
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of
Heidelberg, 69120
Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases, University of
Heidelberg, 69120
Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Schneeweiss
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of
Heidelberg, 69120
Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases, University of
Heidelberg, 69120
Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christof Sohn
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of
Heidelberg, 69120
Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anna H. Wu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine,
University of Southern California, Los Angeles,
California
90033, USA
| | - Chiu-chen Tseng
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine,
University of Southern California, Los Angeles,
California
90033, USA
| | - David Van Den Berg
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine,
University of Southern California, Los Angeles,
California
90033, USA
| | - Daniel O. Stram
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine,
University of Southern California, Los Angeles,
California
90033, USA
| | - Javier Benitez
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Raras
(CIBERER), 46010
Valencia, Spain
- Human Genetics Group, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish
National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 28029
Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Pilar Zamora
- Servicio de Oncología Médica, Hospital
Universitario La Paz, 28046
Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Primitiva Menéndez
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital
Monte Naranco, 33013
Oviedo, Spain
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt
Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University
School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
37203, USA
| | - Wei Lu
- Shanghai Center for Disease Control and Prevention,
Shanghai
200336, China
| | - Yu-Tang Gao
- Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute,
Shanghai
200032, China
| | - Qiuyin Cai
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt
Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University
School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
37203, USA
| | - Angela Cox
- CRUK/YCR Sheffield Cancer Research Centre, Department of
Oncology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield
S10 2RX, UK
| | - Simon S. Cross
- Academic Unit of Pathology, Department of Neuroscience,
University of Sheffield, Sheffield
S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Malcolm W. R. Reed
- CRUK/YCR Sheffield Cancer Research Centre, Department of
Oncology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield
S10 2RX, UK
| | - Irene L. Andrulis
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai
Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
M5G 1X5
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto,
Toronto, Ontario, Canada
M5S 1A8
| | - Julia A. Knight
- Division of Epidemiology, Dalla Lana School of Public Health,
University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario,
Canada
M5T 3M7
- Prosserman Centre for Health Research, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum
Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto,
Ontario, Canada
M5G 1X5
| | - Gord Glendon
- Ontario Cancer Genetics Network, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research
Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario,
Canada
M5G 1X5
| | - Sandrine Tchatchou
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai
Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
M5G 1X5
| | - Elinor J. Sawyer
- Division of Cancer Studies, NIHR Comprehensive Biomedical
Research Centre, Guy’s & St Thomas’ NHS Foundation
Trust in partnership with King's College London, London
SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Ian Tomlinson
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford Biomedical
Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford
OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Michael J. Kerin
- Clinical Science Institute, University Hospital Galway,
Galway, Ireland
| | - Nicola Miller
- Clinical Science Institute, University Hospital Galway,
Galway, Ireland
| | - Christopher A. Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine,
University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center,
Los Angeles, California
90033, USA
| | - Brian E. Henderson
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine,
University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center,
Los Angeles, California
90033, USA
| | - Fredrick Schumacher
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine,
University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center,
Los Angeles, California
90033, USA
| | - Loic Le Marchand
- Epidemiology Program, Cancer Research Center, University of
Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii
96813, USA
| | - Annika Lindblom
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska
Institutet, Stockholm
SE-17177, Sweden
| | - Sara Margolin
- Department of Oncology—Pathology, Karolinska
Institutet, Stockholm
SE-17177, Sweden
| | - Soo Hwang TEO
- Breast Cancer Research Unit, University Malaya Cancer Research
Institute, University Malaya Medical Centre, 59100
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Cancer Research Initiatives Foundation, Sime Darby Medical
Centre, Subang Jaya
47500
Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Cheng Har YIP
- Breast Cancer Research Unit, University Malaya Cancer Research
Institute, University Malaya Medical Centre, 59100
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Daphne S. C. Lee
- Cancer Research Initiatives Foundation, Sime Darby Medical
Centre, Subang Jaya
47500
Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Tien Y. Wong
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, National University of
Singapore, Singapore
168751, Singapore
| | - Maartje J. Hooning
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer
Institute, 3008 AE
Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - John W. M. Martens
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer
Institute, 3008 AE
Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J. Margriet Collée
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical
Center, 3000 CA
Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - John L. Hopper
- Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytical
Epidemiology, Melbourne School of Population Health, University of
Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria
3010, Australia
| | - Melissa C. Southey
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne,
Melbourne, Victoria
3010, Australia
| | - Helen Tsimiklis
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne,
Melbourne, Victoria
3010, Australia
| | - Miroslav K. Kapuscinski
- Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytical
Epidemiology, Melbourne School of Population Health, University of
Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria
3010, Australia
| | - Chen-Yang Shen
- College of Public Health, China Medical University,
Taichung
40402, Taiwan, China
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica,
Taipei
115, Taiwan, China
| | - Pei-Ei Wu
- Taiwan Biobank, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia
Sinica, Taipei
115, Taiwan, China
| | - Jyh-Cherng Yu
- Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital,
Taipei
114, Taiwan, China
| | - Shou-Tung Chen
- Department of Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital,
Changhua City
500, Taiwan, China
| | - Grethe Grenaker Alnæs
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo
University Hospital, Radiumhospitalet, N-0310
Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne-Lise Borresen-Dale
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo
University Hospital, Radiumhospitalet, N-0310
Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo (UiO),
0318
Oslo, Norway
| | - Graham G. Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria,
Melbourne, Victoria
3004, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of
Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne,
Melbourne, Victoria
3010, Australia
| | - Roger L. Milne
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of
Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne,
Melbourne, Victoria
3010, Australia
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, The Cancer Council Victoria,
Melbourne, Victoria
3053, Australia
| | - Catriona McLean
- Anatomical Pathology, The Alfred Hospital,
Melbourne, Victoria
3004, Australia
| | - Kenneth Muir
- Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, Warwick
University, Coventry
CV4 7AL, UK
- Institute of Population Health, University of Manchester,
Manchester
M13 9PL, UK
| | - Artitaya Lophatananon
- Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, Warwick
University, Coventry
CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Sarah Stewart-Brown
- Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, Warwick
University, Coventry
CV4 7AL, UK
| | | | - Mikael Hartman
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine,
National University of Singapore and National University Health System,
Singapore
119228, Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of
Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore
117597, Singapore
| | - Hui Miao
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of
Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore
117597, Singapore
| | | | - Yik Ying Teo
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of
Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore
117597, Singapore
- Department of Statistics and Applied Probability, National
University of Singapore, Singapore
117546, Singapore
| | - Peter A. Fasching
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine,
David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles,
Los Angeles, California
90095, USA
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Breast
Center Franconia, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University
Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN,
91054
Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lothar Haeberle
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Breast
Center Franconia, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University
Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN,
91054
Erlangen, Germany
| | - Arif B. Ekici
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Erlangen,
Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054
Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matthias W. Beckmann
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Breast
Center Franconia, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University
Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN,
91054
Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German
Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120
Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120
Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Aida Karina Dieffenbach
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German
Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120
Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120
Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Volker Arndt
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German
Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120
Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Anthony Swerdlow
- Division of Breast Cancer Research, Institute of Cancer
Research, London
SM2 5NG, UK
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer
Research, London
SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Alan Ashworth
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, Division of Breast
Cancer Research, The Institute of Cancer Research, London
SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Nick Orr
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, Division of Breast
Cancer Research, The Institute of Cancer Research, London
SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Minouk J. Schoemaker
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer
Research, London
SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Montserrat García-Closas
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, Division of Breast
Cancer Research, The Institute of Cancer Research, London
SW3 6JB, UK
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer
Research, Sutton, Surrey
SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Jonine Figueroa
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer
Institute, Rockville, Maryland
20850, USA
| | - Stephen J. Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer
Institute, Rockville, Maryland
20850, USA
| | - Jolanta Lissowska
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, M.
Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology,
02-781
Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jacques Simard
- Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire
de Québec Research Center, Laval University, Quebec,
Canada
G1V 4G2
| | - Mark S. Goldberg
- Department of Medicine, McGill University,
Montreal, Quebec, Canada
H3G 2M1
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, McGill University Health
Centre, Royal Victoria Hospital, Montreal, Quebec,
Canada
H3A 1A8
| | - France Labrèche
- Département de médecine sociale et
préventive, Département de santé environnementale et
santé au travail, Université de Montréal,
Montreal, Quebec, Canada
H3T 1A8
| | - Martine Dumont
- Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire
de Québec Research Center, Laval University, Quebec,
Canada
G1V 4G2
| | - Robert Winqvist
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Department of
Clinical Chemistry and Biocenter Oulu, NordLab Oulu/Oulu University Hospital,
University of Oulu, FI-90220
Oulu, Finland
| | - Katri Pylkäs
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Department of
Clinical Chemistry and Biocenter Oulu, NordLab Oulu/Oulu University Hospital,
University of Oulu, FI-90220
Oulu, Finland
| | - Arja Jukkola-Vuorinen
- Department of Oncology, Oulu University Hospital, University
of Oulu, FI-90220
Oulu, Finland
| | - Hiltrud Brauch
- Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical
Pharmacology, 70376
Stuttgart, Germany
- University of Tübingen, 72074
Tübingen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research
Center (DKFZ), 69120
Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Brüning
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the
German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum
(IPA), 44789
Bochum, Germany
| | - Yon-Dschun Koto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Evangelische Kliniken Bonn
gGmbH, Johanniter Krankenhaus, 53113
Bonn, Germany
| | - Paolo Radice
- Unit of Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk and Genetic Testing,
Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto
Nazionale dei Tumori (INT), 20133
Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Peterlongo
- IFOM, Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare,
20139
Milan, Italy
| | - Bernardo Bonanni
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, Istituto Europeo
di Oncologia (IEO), 20141
Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Volorio
- IFOM, Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare,
20139
Milan, Italy
- Cogentech Cancer Genetic Test Laboratory,
20133
Milan, Italy
| | - Thilo Dörk
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hannover Medical
School, 30625
Hannover, Germany
| | - Natalia V. Bogdanova
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hannover Medical
School, 30625
Hannover, Germany
| | - Sonja Helbig
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hannover Medical
School, 30625
Hannover, Germany
| | - Arto Mannermaa
- Cancer Center of Eastern Finland, University of Eastern
Finland, FI-70211
Kuopio, Finland
- Imaging Center, Department of Clinical Pathology, Kuopio
University Hospital, FI-70210
Kuopio, Finland
- School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oncology,
University of Eastern Finland, FI-70211
Kuopio, Finland
| | - Vesa Kataja
- Cancer Center of Eastern Finland, University of Eastern
Finland, FI-70211
Kuopio, Finland
- School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oncology,
University of Eastern Finland, FI-70211
Kuopio, Finland
| | - Veli-Matti Kosma
- Cancer Center of Eastern Finland, University of Eastern
Finland, FI-70211
Kuopio, Finland
- Imaging Center, Department of Clinical Pathology, Kuopio
University Hospital, FI-70210
Kuopio, Finland
- School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oncology,
University of Eastern Finland, FI-70211
Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jaana M. Hartikainen
- Cancer Center of Eastern Finland, University of Eastern
Finland, FI-70211
Kuopio, Finland
- Imaging Center, Department of Clinical Pathology, Kuopio
University Hospital, FI-70210
Kuopio, Finland
- School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oncology,
University of Eastern Finland, FI-70211
Kuopio, Finland
| | - Peter Devilee
- Department of Human Genetics & Department of
Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC
Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Caroline Seynaeve
- Family Cancer Clinic, Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus
MC-Daniel den Hoed Cancer Centre, 3075 EA
Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Christi J. Van Asperen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical
Center, 3000 CA
Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anna Jakubowska
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical
University, 70-115
Szczecin, Poland
| | - Jan Lubinski
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical
University, 70-115
Szczecin, Poland
| | | | - Katarzyna Durda
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical
University, 70-115
Szczecin, Poland
| | - Susan Slager
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic,
Rochester, Minnesota
55905, USA
| | - Amanda E. Toland
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical
Genetics, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University,
Columbus, Ohio
43210, USA
| | | | - Drakoulis Yannoukakos
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, IRRP, National Centre for
Scientific Research ‘Demokritos’, Aghia Paraskevi
Attikis, Athens
15310, Greece
| | | | | | - Paul Brennan
- International Agency for Research on Cancer,
Lyon, Cedex 08, France
| | - James McKay
- International Agency for Research on Cancer,
Lyon, Cedex 08, France
| | - Ute Hamann
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research
Center (DKFZ), 69120
Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Diana Torres
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research
Center (DKFZ), 69120
Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Pontificia University
Javeriana, Bogota, DC
11001000, Colombia
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt
Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University
School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
37203, USA
| | - Jirong Long
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt
Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University
School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
37203, USA
| | - Hoda Anton-Culver
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California
Irvine, Irvine, California
92697, USA
| | - Susan L. Neuhausen
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute
of City of Hope, Duarte, California
92697, USA
| | - Craig Luccarini
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology,
University of Cambridge, Cambridge
CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Caroline Baynes
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology,
University of Cambridge, Cambridge
CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Shahana Ahmed
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology,
University of Cambridge, Cambridge
CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Mel Maranian
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology,
University of Cambridge, Cambridge
CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Catherine S. Healey
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology,
University of Cambridge, Cambridge
CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Anna González-Neira
- Human Genotyping-CEGEN Unit, Human Cancer Genetics Program,
Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 28029
Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo Pita
- Human Genotyping-CEGEN Unit, Human Cancer Genetics Program,
Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 28029
Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Rosario Alonso
- Human Genotyping-CEGEN Unit, Human Cancer Genetics Program,
Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 28029
Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuria Álvarez
- Human Genotyping-CEGEN Unit, Human Cancer Genetics Program,
Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 28029
Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Herrero
- Human Genotyping-CEGEN Unit, Human Cancer Genetics Program,
Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 28029
Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel C. Tessier
- Centre d’innovation Génome Québec
et Université McGill, Montréal,
Quebec, Canada
H3A OG1
| | | | | | - Ines de Santiago
- Cancer Research UK, Cambridge Institute, University of
Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge
CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Jason Carroll
- Cancer Research UK, Cambridge Institute, University of
Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge
CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Carlos Caldas
- Cancer Research UK, Cambridge Institute, University of
Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge
CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Melissa A. Brown
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of
Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland
4072, Australia
| | - Mathieu Lupien
- The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health
Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
M5T 2M9
- Ontario Cancer Genetics Network, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research
Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario,
Canada
M5G 1X5
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto,
Toronto, Ontario, Canada
M5G 1L7
| | - Vessela N. Kristensen
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo
University Hospital, Radiumhospitalet, N-0310
Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo (UiO),
0318
Oslo, Norway
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology (EpiGen), University
of Oslo (UiO), 0450
Oslo, Norway
| | - Paul D P Pharoah
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology,
University of Cambridge, Cambridge
CB1 8RN, UK
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public
Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge
CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Georgia Chenevix-Trench
- Department of Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research
Institute, Brisbane, Queensland
4029, Australia
| | - Juliet D French
- Department of Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research
Institute, Brisbane, Queensland
4029, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of
Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland
4072, Australia
| | - Douglas F. Easton
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology,
University of Cambridge, Cambridge
CB1 8RN, UK
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public
Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge
CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Alison M. Dunning
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology,
University of Cambridge, Cambridge
CB1 8RN, UK
| |
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3
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Garcia-Closas M, Couch FJ, Lindstrom S, Michailidou K, Schmidt MK, Brook MN, orr N, Rhie SK, Riboli E, Feigelson HS, Le Marchand L, Buring JE, Eccles D, Miron P, Fasching PA, Brauch H, Chang-Claude J, Carpenter J, Godwin AK, Nevanlinna H, Giles GG, Cox A, Hopper JL, Bolla MK, Wang Q, Dennis J, Dicks E, Howat WJ, Schoof N, Bojesen SE, Lambrechts D, Broeks A, Andrulis IL, Guénel P, Burwinkel B, Sawyer EJ, Hollestelle A, Fletcher O, Winqvist R, Brenner H, Mannermaa A, Hamann U, Meindl A, Lindblom A, Zheng W, Devillee P, Goldberg MS, Lubinski J, Kristensen V, Swerdlow A, Anton-Culver H, Dörk T, Muir K, Matsuo K, Wu AH, Radice P, Teo SH, Shu XO, Blot W, Kang D, Hartman M, Sangrajrang S, Shen CY, Southey MC, Park DJ, Hammet F, Stone J, Veer LJV, Rutgers EJ, Lophatananon A, Stewart-Brown S, Siriwanarangsan P, Peto J, Schrauder MG, Ekici AB, Beckmann MW, Silva IDS, Johnson N, Warren H, Tomlinson I, Kerin MJ, Miller N, Marme F, Schneeweiss A, Sohn C, Truong T, Laurent-Puig P, Kerbrat P, Nordestgaard BG, Nielsen SF, Flyger H, Milne RL, Perez JIA, Menéndez P, Müller H, Arndt V, Stegmaier C, Lichtner P, Lochmann M, Justenhoven C, Ko YD, Muranen TA, Aittomäki K, Blomqvist C, Greco D, Heikkinen T, Ito H, Iwata H, Yatabe Y, Antonenkova NN, Margolin S, Kataja V, Kosma VM, Hartikainen JM, Balleine R, Tseng CC, Van Den Berg D, Stram DO, Neven P, Dieudonné AS, Leunen K, Rudolph A, Nickels S, Flesch-Janys D, Peterlongo P, Peissel B, Bernard L, Olson JE, Wang X, Stevens K, Severi G, Baglietto L, Mclean C, Coetzee GA, Feng Y, Henderson BE, Schumacher F, Bogdanova NV, Labrèche F, Dumont M, Yip CH, Taib NAM, Cheng CY, Shrubsole M, Long J, Pylkäs K, Jukkola-Vuorinen A, Kauppila S, knight JA, Glendon G, Mulligan AM, Tollenaar RAEM, Seynaeve CM, Kriege M, Hooning MJ, Van den Ouweland AMW, Van Deurzen CHM, Lu W, Gao YT, Cai H, Balasubramanian SP, Cross SS, Reed MWR, Signorello L, Cai Q, Shah M, Miao H, Chan CW, Chia KS, Jakubowska A, Jaworska K, Durda K, Hsiung CN, Wu PE, Yu JC, Ashworth A, Jones M, Tessier DC, González-Neira A, Pita G, Alonso MR, Vincent D, Bacot F, Ambrosone CB, Bandera EV, John EM, Chen GK, Hu JJ, Rodriguez-gil JL, Bernstein L, Press MF, Ziegler RG, Millikan RM, Deming-Halverson SL, Nyante S, Ingles SA, Waisfisz Q, Tsimiklis H, Makalic E, Schmidt D, Bui M, Gibson L, Müller-Myhsok B, Schmutzler RK, Hein R, Dahmen N, Beckmann L, Aaltonen K, Czene K, Irwanto A, Liu J, Turnbull C, Rahman N, Meijers-Heijboer H, Uitterlinden AG, Rivadeneira F, Olswold C, Slager S, Pilarski R, Ademuyiwa F, Konstantopoulou I, Martin NG, Montgomery GW, Slamon DJ, Rauh C, Lux MP, Jud SM, Bruning T, Weaver J, Sharma P, Pathak H, Tapper W, Gerty S, Durcan L, Trichopoulos D, Tumino R, Peeters PH, Kaaks R, Campa D, Canzian F, Weiderpass E, Johansson M, Khaw KT, Travis R, Clavel-Chapelon F, Kolonel LN, Chen C, Beck A, Hankinson SE, Berg CD, Hoover RN, Lissowska J, Figueroa JD, Chasman DI, Gaudet MM, Diver WR, Willett WC, Hunter DJ, Simard J, Benitez J, Dunning AM, Sherman ME, Chenevix-Trench G, Chanock SJ, Hall P, Pharoah PDP, Vachon C, Easton DF, Haiman CA, Kraft P. Genome-wide association studies identify four ER negative-specific breast cancer risk loci. Nat Genet 2013; 45:392-8, 398e1-2. [PMID: 23535733 PMCID: PMC3771695 DOI: 10.1038/ng.2561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 323] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2012] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen receptor (ER)-negative tumors represent 20-30% of all breast cancers, with a higher proportion occurring in younger women and women of African ancestry. The etiology and clinical behavior of ER-negative tumors are different from those of tumors expressing ER (ER positive), including differences in genetic predisposition. To identify susceptibility loci specific to ER-negative disease, we combined in a meta-analysis 3 genome-wide association studies of 4,193 ER-negative breast cancer cases and 35,194 controls with a series of 40 follow-up studies (6,514 cases and 41,455 controls), genotyped using a custom Illumina array, iCOGS, developed by the Collaborative Oncological Gene-environment Study (COGS). SNPs at four loci, 1q32.1 (MDM4, P = 2.1 × 10(-12) and LGR6, P = 1.4 × 10(-8)), 2p24.1 (P = 4.6 × 10(-8)) and 16q12.2 (FTO, P = 4.0 × 10(-8)), were associated with ER-negative but not ER-positive breast cancer (P > 0.05). These findings provide further evidence for distinct etiological pathways associated with invasive ER-positive and ER-negative breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montserrat Garcia-Closas
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, UK
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Fergus J Couch
- Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Sara Lindstrom
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kyriaki Michailidou
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Marjanka K Schmidt
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mark N Brook
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, UK
| | - Nick orr
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Suhn Kyong Rhie
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Elio Riboli
- School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, UK
| | | | - Loic Le Marchand
- Epidemiology Program, Cancer Research Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Julie E Buring
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Diana Eccles
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Penelope Miron
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Peter A Fasching
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Breast Center Franconia, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Hiltrud Brauch
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
- University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jane Carpenter
- Australian Breast Cancer Tissue Bank, University of Sydney at the Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andrew K Godwin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Heli Nevanlinna
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Graham G Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, The Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Angela Cox
- Cancer Research UK/Yorkshire Cancer Research Sheffield Cancer Research Centre, Department of Oncology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - John L Hopper
- Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Manjeet K Bolla
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Qin Wang
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Joe Dennis
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ed Dicks
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Will J Howat
- Cancer Research UK, Cambridge Research Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nils Schoof
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stig E Bojesen
- Copenhagen General Population Study, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Diether Lambrechts
- Vesalius Research Center (VRC), VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Annegien Broeks
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Irene L Andrulis
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Ontario Cancer Genetics Network, Fred A. Litwin Center for Cancer Genetics, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pascal Guénel
- University Paris–Sud, Unité Mixte de Recherche Scientifique (UMRS) 1018, Villejuif, France
- INSERM (National Institute of Health and Medical Research), CESP (Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health), Environmental Epidemiology of Cancer, Villejuif, France
| | - Barbara Burwinkel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Molecular Epidemiology Group, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Elinor J Sawyer
- Division of Cancer Studies, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre, Guy’s & St. Thomas’ National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust in partnership with King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Antoinette Hollestelle
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus University Medical Center–Daniel Den Hoed Cancer Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Olivia Fletcher
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Robert Winqvist
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Department of Clinical Genetics, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Arto Mannermaa
- Imaging Center, Department of Clinical Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Biocenter Kuopio, Cancer Center of Eastern Finland, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ute Hamann
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alfons Meindl
- Division for Gynaecological Tumor Genetics, Clinic of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Division of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Annika Lindblom
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Wei Zheng
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Peter Devillee
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mark S Goldberg
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, McGill University Health Centre, Royal Victoria Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jan Lubinski
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Vessela Kristensen
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine (Faculty Division Ahus), Universitetet i Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anthony Swerdlow
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, UK
| | - Hoda Anton-Culver
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California–Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Thilo Dörk
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Kenneth Muir
- Warwick Medical School, Warwick University, Coventry, UK
- Institute of Population Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Keitaro Matsuo
- Division of Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Anna H Wu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Paolo Radice
- Unit of Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk and Genetic Testing, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori (INT), Milan, Italy
- IFOM, Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, Milan, Italy
| | - Soo Hwang Teo
- Cancer Research Initiatives Foundation, Sime Darby Medical Centre, Subang Jaya, University Malaya Cancer Research Institute, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Breast Cancer Research Unit, University Malaya Cancer Research Institute, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - William Blot
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- International Epidemiology Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Daehee Kang
- Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mikael Hartman
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Chen-Yang Shen
- Colleague of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichong, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Melissa C Southey
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Daniel J Park
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Fleur Hammet
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jennifer Stone
- Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Laura J Van’t Veer
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Emiel J Rutgers
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Julian Peto
- Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Michael G Schrauder
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Breast Center Franconia, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Arif B Ekici
- Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matthias W Beckmann
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Breast Center Franconia, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Isabel dos Santos Silva
- Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Nichola Johnson
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Helen Warren
- Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Ian Tomlinson
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Michael J Kerin
- Department of Surgery, Clinical Science Institute, University Hospital and National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Nicola Miller
- Department of Surgery, Clinical Science Institute, University Hospital and National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Federick Marme
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Schneeweiss
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christof Sohn
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Therese Truong
- University Paris–Sud, Unité Mixte de Recherche Scientifique (UMRS) 1018, Villejuif, France
- INSERM (National Institute of Health and Medical Research), CESP (Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health), Environmental Epidemiology of Cancer, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Pierre Kerbrat
- Centre Eugène Marquis, Department of Medical Oncology, Rennes, France
| | - Børge G Nordestgaard
- Copenhagen General Population Study, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sune F Nielsen
- Copenhagen General Population Study, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik Flyger
- Department of Breast Surgery, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Roger L Milne
- Genetic & Molecular Epidemiology Group, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Heiko Müller
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Volker Arndt
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Peter Lichtner
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München–German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Magdalena Lochmann
- Division of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Christina Justenhoven
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
- University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Yon-Dschun Ko
- Department of Internal Medicine, Evangelische Kliniken Bonn, Johanniter Krankenhaus, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Taru A Muranen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kristiina Aittomäki
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Carl Blomqvist
- Department of Oncology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Dario Greco
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuomas Heikkinen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hidemi Ito
- Division of Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroji Iwata
- Department of Breast Oncology, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yasushi Yatabe
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Natalia N Antonenkova
- N.N. Alexandrov Research Institute of Oncology and Medical Radiology, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Sara Margolin
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vesa Kataja
- School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Kuopio, Finland
- Biocenter Kuopio, Cancer Center of Eastern Finland, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Cancer Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Veli-Matti Kosma
- Imaging Center, Department of Clinical Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Biocenter Kuopio, Cancer Center of Eastern Finland, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jaana M Hartikainen
- Imaging Center, Department of Clinical Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Biocenter Kuopio, Cancer Center of Eastern Finland, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Rosemary Balleine
- Western Sydney Local Health District, Westmead Millennium Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Nepean Blue Mountains Local Health District, Westmead Millennium Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Chiu-Chen Tseng
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - David Van Den Berg
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Daniel O Stram
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Patrick Neven
- Multidisciplinary Breast Center, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anne-Sophie Dieudonné
- Multidisciplinary Breast Center, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Karin Leunen
- Multidisciplinary Breast Center, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anja Rudolph
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Nickels
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dieter Flesch-Janys
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology/Clinical Cancer Registry, University Clinic Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Institute for Medical Biometrics and Epidemiology, University Clinic Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Paolo Peterlongo
- Unit of Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk and Genetic Testing, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori (INT), Milan, Italy
- IFOM, Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, Milan, Italy
| | - Bernard Peissel
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS INT, Milan, Italy
| | - Loris Bernard
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Milan, Italy
- Cogentech Cancer Genetic Test Laboratory, Milan, Italy
| | - Janet E Olson
- Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Xianshu Wang
- Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Division of Experimental Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Kristen Stevens
- Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Gianluca Severi
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, The Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Laura Baglietto
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, The Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Catriona Mclean
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gerhard A Coetzee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Urology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ye Feng
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Brian E Henderson
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Fredrick Schumacher
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Natalia V Bogdanova
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - France Labrèche
- Département de Médecine Sociale et Préventive, Département de Santé Environnementale et Santé au Travail, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Martine Dumont
- Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec and Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Cheng Har Yip
- Breast Cancer Research Unit, University Malaya Cancer Research Institute, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nur Aishah Mohd Taib
- Breast Cancer Research Unit, University Malaya Cancer Research Institute, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ching-Yu Cheng
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Martha Shrubsole
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jirong Long
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Katri Pylkäs
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Department of Clinical Genetics, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | | | - Saila Kauppila
- Department of Pathology, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Julia A knight
- Ontario Cancer Genetics Network, Fred A. Litwin Center for Cancer Genetics, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Epidemiology, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gord Glendon
- Ontario Cancer Genetics Network, Fred A. Litwin Center for Cancer Genetics, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anna Marie Mulligan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keenan Research Centre of the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Caroline M Seynaeve
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus University Medical Center–Daniel Den Hoed Cancer Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mieke Kriege
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus University Medical Center–Daniel Den Hoed Cancer Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maartje J Hooning
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus University Medical Center–Daniel Den Hoed Cancer Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Wei Lu
- Shanghai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Tang Gao
- Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Cai
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Sabapathy P Balasubramanian
- Cancer Research UK/Yorkshire Cancer Research Sheffield Cancer Research Centre, Department of Oncology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Simon S Cross
- Academic Unit of Pathology, Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Malcolm W R Reed
- Cancer Research UK/Yorkshire Cancer Research Sheffield Cancer Research Centre, Department of Oncology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Lisa Signorello
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Qiuyin Cai
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, McGill University Health Centre, Royal Victoria Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mitul Shah
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Hui Miao
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ching Wan Chan
- Department of Surgery, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Kee Seng Chia
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anna Jakubowska
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Jaworska
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Durda
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Chia-Ni Hsiung
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ei Wu
- Taiwan Biobank, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Cherng Yu
- Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Alan Ashworth
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Michael Jones
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, UK
| | - Daniel C Tessier
- McGill University and Génome Québec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Anna González-Neira
- Human Genotyping Unit–CEGEN, Human Cancer Genetics Programme, CNIO, Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo Pita
- Human Genotyping Unit–CEGEN, Human Cancer Genetics Programme, CNIO, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Rosario Alonso
- Human Genotyping Unit–CEGEN, Human Cancer Genetics Programme, CNIO, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Vincent
- McGill University and Génome Québec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Francois Bacot
- McGill University and Génome Québec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Christine B Ambrosone
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Elisa V Bandera
- The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Esther M John
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, California, USA
- Department of Health Research and Policy, Division of Epidemiology, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Gary K Chen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jennifer J Hu
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Jorge L Rodriguez-gil
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Leslie Bernstein
- Division of Cancer Etiology, Department of Population Science, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Michael F Press
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Regina G Ziegler
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Program, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Robert M Millikan
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sandra L Deming-Halverson
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Sarah Nyante
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sue A Ingles
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Quinten Waisfisz
- Section of Oncogenetics, Department of Clinical Genetics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Helen Tsimiklis
- Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Enes Makalic
- School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Daniel Schmidt
- School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Minh Bui
- School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lorna Gibson
- Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Bertram Müller-Myhsok
- Statistical Genetics Research Group, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Rita K Schmutzler
- Centre of Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer, University Hospital, Cologne, Germany
- Centre of Integrated Oncology, University Hospital, Cologne, Germany
| | - Rebecca Hein
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- PMV (Primärmedizinische Versorgung) Research Group, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Norbert Dahmen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Lars Beckmann
- Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care (IQWiG), Cologne, Germany
| | - Kirsimari Aaltonen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Oncology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kamila Czene
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Astrid Irwanto
- Human Genetics Division, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Human Genetics Division, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Clare Turnbull
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, UK
| | | | - Nazneen Rahman
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, UK
| | - Hanne Meijers-Heijboer
- Section of Oncogenetics, Department of Clinical Genetics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andre G Uitterlinden
- Department of Internal Medicine and Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- Department of Internal Medicine and Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Curtis Olswold
- Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Susan Slager
- Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Robert Pilarski
- Department of Internal Medicine, James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Irene Konstantopoulou
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, Institute of Radioisotopes and Radiodiagnostic Products (IRRP), National Centre for Scientific Research Demokritos, Aghia Paraskevi Attikis, Athens, Greece
| | - Nicholas G Martin
- QIMR GWAS Collective, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Grant W Montgomery
- QIMR GWAS Collective, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Dennis J Slamon
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Claudia Rauh
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Breast Center Franconia, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael P Lux
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Breast Center Franconia, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sebastian M Jud
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Breast Center Franconia, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas Bruning
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance (IPA), Bochum, Germany
| | - Joellen Weaver
- Biosample Repository, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Priyanka Sharma
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Harsh Pathak
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Will Tapper
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Sue Gerty
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Lorraine Durcan
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Dimitrios Trichopoulos
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Bureau of Epidemiologic Research, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece
| | - Rosario Tumino
- Cancer Registry, Histopathology Unit Civile MPArezzo Hospital, Ragusa, Italy
| | - Petra H Peeters
- Julius Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rudolf Kaaks
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniele Campa
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Federico Canzian
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Elisabete Weiderpass
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
- Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mattias Johansson
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Kay-Tee Khaw
- Clinical Gerontology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ruth Travis
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Françoise Clavel-Chapelon
- University Paris–Sud, Unité Mixte de Recherche Scientifique (UMRS) 1018, Villejuif, France
- INSERM (National Institute of Health and Medical Research), CESP (Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health), Environmental Epidemiology of Cancer, Villejuif, France
| | - Laurence N Kolonel
- Département de Médecine Sociale et Préventive, Département de Santé Environnementale et Santé au Travail, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Constance Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andy Beck
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel DeaconessMedical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Susan E Hankinson
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christine D Berg
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Robert N Hoover
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Program, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jolanta Lissowska
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, M Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jonine D Figueroa
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Program, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Daniel I Chasman
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mia M Gaudet
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - W Ryan Diver
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Walter C Willett
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David J Hunter
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jacques Simard
- Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec and Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Javier Benitez
- Human Genotyping Unit–CEGEN, Human Cancer Genetics Programme, CNIO, Madrid, Spain
- Human Genetics Group, CNIO, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigacion en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alison M Dunning
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mark E Sherman
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Program, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Georgia Chenevix-Trench
- Department of Genetics, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Stephen J Chanock
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Program, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Per Hall
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paul D P Pharoah
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Celine Vachon
- Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Douglas F Easton
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Christopher A Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Peter Kraft
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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