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Garcia-Closas M, Couch FJ, Lindstrom S, Michailidou K, Schmidt MK, Brook MN, orr N, Rhie SK, Riboli E, Feigelson HS, Le Marchand L, Buring JE, Eccles D, Miron P, Fasching PA, Brauch H, Chang-Claude J, Carpenter J, Godwin AK, Nevanlinna H, Giles GG, Cox A, Hopper JL, Bolla MK, Wang Q, Dennis J, Dicks E, Howat WJ, Schoof N, Bojesen SE, Lambrechts D, Broeks A, Andrulis IL, Guénel P, Burwinkel B, Sawyer EJ, Hollestelle A, Fletcher O, Winqvist R, Brenner H, Mannermaa A, Hamann U, Meindl A, Lindblom A, Zheng W, Devillee P, Goldberg MS, Lubinski J, Kristensen V, Swerdlow A, Anton-Culver H, Dörk T, Muir K, Matsuo K, Wu AH, Radice P, Teo SH, Shu XO, Blot W, Kang D, Hartman M, Sangrajrang S, Shen CY, Southey MC, Park DJ, Hammet F, Stone J, Veer LJV, Rutgers EJ, Lophatananon A, Stewart-Brown S, Siriwanarangsan P, Peto J, Schrauder MG, Ekici AB, Beckmann MW, Silva IDS, Johnson N, Warren H, Tomlinson I, Kerin MJ, Miller N, Marme F, Schneeweiss A, Sohn C, Truong T, Laurent-Puig P, Kerbrat P, Nordestgaard BG, Nielsen SF, Flyger H, Milne RL, Perez JIA, Menéndez P, Müller H, Arndt V, Stegmaier C, Lichtner P, Lochmann M, Justenhoven C, Ko YD, Muranen TA, Aittomäki K, Blomqvist C, Greco D, Heikkinen T, Ito H, Iwata H, Yatabe Y, Antonenkova NN, Margolin S, Kataja V, Kosma VM, Hartikainen JM, Balleine R, Tseng CC, Van Den Berg D, Stram DO, Neven P, Dieudonné AS, Leunen K, Rudolph A, Nickels S, Flesch-Janys D, Peterlongo P, Peissel B, Bernard L, Olson JE, Wang X, Stevens K, Severi G, Baglietto L, Mclean C, Coetzee GA, Feng Y, Henderson BE, Schumacher F, Bogdanova NV, Labrèche F, Dumont M, Yip CH, Taib NAM, Cheng CY, Shrubsole M, Long J, Pylkäs K, Jukkola-Vuorinen A, Kauppila S, knight JA, Glendon G, Mulligan AM, Tollenaar RAEM, Seynaeve CM, Kriege M, Hooning MJ, Van den Ouweland AMW, Van Deurzen CHM, Lu W, Gao YT, Cai H, Balasubramanian SP, Cross SS, Reed MWR, Signorello L, Cai Q, Shah M, Miao H, Chan CW, Chia KS, Jakubowska A, Jaworska K, Durda K, Hsiung CN, Wu PE, Yu JC, Ashworth A, Jones M, Tessier DC, González-Neira A, Pita G, Alonso MR, Vincent D, Bacot F, Ambrosone CB, Bandera EV, John EM, Chen GK, Hu JJ, Rodriguez-gil JL, Bernstein L, Press MF, Ziegler RG, Millikan RM, Deming-Halverson SL, Nyante S, Ingles SA, Waisfisz Q, Tsimiklis H, Makalic E, Schmidt D, Bui M, Gibson L, Müller-Myhsok B, Schmutzler RK, Hein R, Dahmen N, Beckmann L, Aaltonen K, Czene K, Irwanto A, Liu J, Turnbull C, Rahman N, Meijers-Heijboer H, Uitterlinden AG, Rivadeneira F, Olswold C, Slager S, Pilarski R, Ademuyiwa F, Konstantopoulou I, Martin NG, Montgomery GW, Slamon DJ, Rauh C, Lux MP, Jud SM, Bruning T, Weaver J, Sharma P, Pathak H, Tapper W, Gerty S, Durcan L, Trichopoulos D, Tumino R, Peeters PH, Kaaks R, Campa D, Canzian F, Weiderpass E, Johansson M, Khaw KT, Travis R, Clavel-Chapelon F, Kolonel LN, Chen C, Beck A, Hankinson SE, Berg CD, Hoover RN, Lissowska J, Figueroa JD, Chasman DI, Gaudet MM, Diver WR, Willett WC, Hunter DJ, Simard J, Benitez J, Dunning AM, Sherman ME, Chenevix-Trench G, Chanock SJ, Hall P, Pharoah PDP, Vachon C, Easton DF, Haiman CA, Kraft P. Genome-wide association studies identify four ER negative-specific breast cancer risk loci. Nat Genet 2013; 45:392-8, 398e1-2. [PMID: 23535733 PMCID: PMC3771695 DOI: 10.1038/ng.2561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 323] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2012] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen receptor (ER)-negative tumors represent 20-30% of all breast cancers, with a higher proportion occurring in younger women and women of African ancestry. The etiology and clinical behavior of ER-negative tumors are different from those of tumors expressing ER (ER positive), including differences in genetic predisposition. To identify susceptibility loci specific to ER-negative disease, we combined in a meta-analysis 3 genome-wide association studies of 4,193 ER-negative breast cancer cases and 35,194 controls with a series of 40 follow-up studies (6,514 cases and 41,455 controls), genotyped using a custom Illumina array, iCOGS, developed by the Collaborative Oncological Gene-environment Study (COGS). SNPs at four loci, 1q32.1 (MDM4, P = 2.1 × 10(-12) and LGR6, P = 1.4 × 10(-8)), 2p24.1 (P = 4.6 × 10(-8)) and 16q12.2 (FTO, P = 4.0 × 10(-8)), were associated with ER-negative but not ER-positive breast cancer (P > 0.05). These findings provide further evidence for distinct etiological pathways associated with invasive ER-positive and ER-negative breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montserrat Garcia-Closas
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, UK
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Fergus J Couch
- Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Sara Lindstrom
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kyriaki Michailidou
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Marjanka K Schmidt
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mark N Brook
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, UK
| | - Nick orr
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Suhn Kyong Rhie
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Elio Riboli
- School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, UK
| | | | - Loic Le Marchand
- Epidemiology Program, Cancer Research Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Julie E Buring
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Diana Eccles
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Penelope Miron
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Peter A Fasching
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Breast Center Franconia, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Hiltrud Brauch
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
- University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jane Carpenter
- Australian Breast Cancer Tissue Bank, University of Sydney at the Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andrew K Godwin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Heli Nevanlinna
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Graham G Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, The Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Angela Cox
- Cancer Research UK/Yorkshire Cancer Research Sheffield Cancer Research Centre, Department of Oncology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - John L Hopper
- Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Manjeet K Bolla
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Qin Wang
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Joe Dennis
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ed Dicks
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Will J Howat
- Cancer Research UK, Cambridge Research Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nils Schoof
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stig E Bojesen
- Copenhagen General Population Study, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Diether Lambrechts
- Vesalius Research Center (VRC), VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Annegien Broeks
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Irene L Andrulis
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Ontario Cancer Genetics Network, Fred A. Litwin Center for Cancer Genetics, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pascal Guénel
- University Paris–Sud, Unité Mixte de Recherche Scientifique (UMRS) 1018, Villejuif, France
- INSERM (National Institute of Health and Medical Research), CESP (Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health), Environmental Epidemiology of Cancer, Villejuif, France
| | - Barbara Burwinkel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Molecular Epidemiology Group, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Elinor J Sawyer
- Division of Cancer Studies, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre, Guy’s & St. Thomas’ National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust in partnership with King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Antoinette Hollestelle
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus University Medical Center–Daniel Den Hoed Cancer Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Olivia Fletcher
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Robert Winqvist
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Department of Clinical Genetics, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Arto Mannermaa
- Imaging Center, Department of Clinical Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Biocenter Kuopio, Cancer Center of Eastern Finland, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ute Hamann
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alfons Meindl
- Division for Gynaecological Tumor Genetics, Clinic of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Division of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Annika Lindblom
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Wei Zheng
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Peter Devillee
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mark S Goldberg
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, McGill University Health Centre, Royal Victoria Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jan Lubinski
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Vessela Kristensen
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine (Faculty Division Ahus), Universitetet i Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anthony Swerdlow
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, UK
| | - Hoda Anton-Culver
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California–Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Thilo Dörk
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Kenneth Muir
- Warwick Medical School, Warwick University, Coventry, UK
- Institute of Population Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Keitaro Matsuo
- Division of Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Anna H Wu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Paolo Radice
- Unit of Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk and Genetic Testing, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori (INT), Milan, Italy
- IFOM, Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, Milan, Italy
| | - Soo Hwang Teo
- Cancer Research Initiatives Foundation, Sime Darby Medical Centre, Subang Jaya, University Malaya Cancer Research Institute, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Breast Cancer Research Unit, University Malaya Cancer Research Institute, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - William Blot
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- International Epidemiology Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Daehee Kang
- Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mikael Hartman
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Chen-Yang Shen
- Colleague of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichong, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Melissa C Southey
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Daniel J Park
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Fleur Hammet
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jennifer Stone
- Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Laura J Van’t Veer
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Emiel J Rutgers
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Julian Peto
- Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Michael G Schrauder
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Breast Center Franconia, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Arif B Ekici
- Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matthias W Beckmann
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Breast Center Franconia, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Isabel dos Santos Silva
- Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Nichola Johnson
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Helen Warren
- Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Ian Tomlinson
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Michael J Kerin
- Department of Surgery, Clinical Science Institute, University Hospital and National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Nicola Miller
- Department of Surgery, Clinical Science Institute, University Hospital and National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Federick Marme
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Schneeweiss
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christof Sohn
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Therese Truong
- University Paris–Sud, Unité Mixte de Recherche Scientifique (UMRS) 1018, Villejuif, France
- INSERM (National Institute of Health and Medical Research), CESP (Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health), Environmental Epidemiology of Cancer, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Pierre Kerbrat
- Centre Eugène Marquis, Department of Medical Oncology, Rennes, France
| | - Børge G Nordestgaard
- Copenhagen General Population Study, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sune F Nielsen
- Copenhagen General Population Study, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik Flyger
- Department of Breast Surgery, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Roger L Milne
- Genetic & Molecular Epidemiology Group, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Heiko Müller
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Volker Arndt
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Peter Lichtner
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München–German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Magdalena Lochmann
- Division of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Christina Justenhoven
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
- University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Yon-Dschun Ko
- Department of Internal Medicine, Evangelische Kliniken Bonn, Johanniter Krankenhaus, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Taru A Muranen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kristiina Aittomäki
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Carl Blomqvist
- Department of Oncology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Dario Greco
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuomas Heikkinen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hidemi Ito
- Division of Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroji Iwata
- Department of Breast Oncology, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yasushi Yatabe
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Natalia N Antonenkova
- N.N. Alexandrov Research Institute of Oncology and Medical Radiology, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Sara Margolin
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vesa Kataja
- School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Kuopio, Finland
- Biocenter Kuopio, Cancer Center of Eastern Finland, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Cancer Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Veli-Matti Kosma
- Imaging Center, Department of Clinical Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Biocenter Kuopio, Cancer Center of Eastern Finland, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jaana M Hartikainen
- Imaging Center, Department of Clinical Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Biocenter Kuopio, Cancer Center of Eastern Finland, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Rosemary Balleine
- Western Sydney Local Health District, Westmead Millennium Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Nepean Blue Mountains Local Health District, Westmead Millennium Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Chiu-Chen Tseng
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - David Van Den Berg
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Daniel O Stram
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Patrick Neven
- Multidisciplinary Breast Center, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anne-Sophie Dieudonné
- Multidisciplinary Breast Center, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Karin Leunen
- Multidisciplinary Breast Center, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anja Rudolph
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Nickels
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dieter Flesch-Janys
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology/Clinical Cancer Registry, University Clinic Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Institute for Medical Biometrics and Epidemiology, University Clinic Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Paolo Peterlongo
- Unit of Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk and Genetic Testing, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori (INT), Milan, Italy
- IFOM, Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, Milan, Italy
| | - Bernard Peissel
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS INT, Milan, Italy
| | - Loris Bernard
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Milan, Italy
- Cogentech Cancer Genetic Test Laboratory, Milan, Italy
| | - Janet E Olson
- Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Xianshu Wang
- Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Division of Experimental Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Kristen Stevens
- Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Gianluca Severi
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, The Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Laura Baglietto
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, The Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Catriona Mclean
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gerhard A Coetzee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Urology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ye Feng
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Brian E Henderson
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Fredrick Schumacher
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Natalia V Bogdanova
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - France Labrèche
- Département de Médecine Sociale et Préventive, Département de Santé Environnementale et Santé au Travail, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Martine Dumont
- Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec and Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Cheng Har Yip
- Breast Cancer Research Unit, University Malaya Cancer Research Institute, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nur Aishah Mohd Taib
- Breast Cancer Research Unit, University Malaya Cancer Research Institute, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ching-Yu Cheng
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Martha Shrubsole
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jirong Long
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Katri Pylkäs
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Department of Clinical Genetics, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | | | - Saila Kauppila
- Department of Pathology, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Julia A knight
- Ontario Cancer Genetics Network, Fred A. Litwin Center for Cancer Genetics, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Epidemiology, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gord Glendon
- Ontario Cancer Genetics Network, Fred A. Litwin Center for Cancer Genetics, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anna Marie Mulligan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keenan Research Centre of the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Caroline M Seynaeve
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus University Medical Center–Daniel Den Hoed Cancer Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mieke Kriege
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus University Medical Center–Daniel Den Hoed Cancer Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maartje J Hooning
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus University Medical Center–Daniel Den Hoed Cancer Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Wei Lu
- Shanghai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Tang Gao
- Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Cai
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Sabapathy P Balasubramanian
- Cancer Research UK/Yorkshire Cancer Research Sheffield Cancer Research Centre, Department of Oncology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Simon S Cross
- Academic Unit of Pathology, Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Malcolm W R Reed
- Cancer Research UK/Yorkshire Cancer Research Sheffield Cancer Research Centre, Department of Oncology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Lisa Signorello
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Qiuyin Cai
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, McGill University Health Centre, Royal Victoria Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mitul Shah
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Hui Miao
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ching Wan Chan
- Department of Surgery, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Kee Seng Chia
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anna Jakubowska
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Jaworska
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Durda
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Chia-Ni Hsiung
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ei Wu
- Taiwan Biobank, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Cherng Yu
- Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Alan Ashworth
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Michael Jones
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, UK
| | - Daniel C Tessier
- McGill University and Génome Québec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Anna González-Neira
- Human Genotyping Unit–CEGEN, Human Cancer Genetics Programme, CNIO, Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo Pita
- Human Genotyping Unit–CEGEN, Human Cancer Genetics Programme, CNIO, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Rosario Alonso
- Human Genotyping Unit–CEGEN, Human Cancer Genetics Programme, CNIO, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Vincent
- McGill University and Génome Québec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Francois Bacot
- McGill University and Génome Québec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Christine B Ambrosone
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Elisa V Bandera
- The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Esther M John
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, California, USA
- Department of Health Research and Policy, Division of Epidemiology, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Gary K Chen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jennifer J Hu
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Jorge L Rodriguez-gil
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Leslie Bernstein
- Division of Cancer Etiology, Department of Population Science, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Michael F Press
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Regina G Ziegler
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Program, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Robert M Millikan
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sandra L Deming-Halverson
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Sarah Nyante
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sue A Ingles
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Quinten Waisfisz
- Section of Oncogenetics, Department of Clinical Genetics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Helen Tsimiklis
- Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Enes Makalic
- School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Daniel Schmidt
- School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Minh Bui
- School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lorna Gibson
- Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Bertram Müller-Myhsok
- Statistical Genetics Research Group, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Rita K Schmutzler
- Centre of Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer, University Hospital, Cologne, Germany
- Centre of Integrated Oncology, University Hospital, Cologne, Germany
| | - Rebecca Hein
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- PMV (Primärmedizinische Versorgung) Research Group, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Norbert Dahmen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Lars Beckmann
- Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care (IQWiG), Cologne, Germany
| | - Kirsimari Aaltonen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Oncology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kamila Czene
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Astrid Irwanto
- Human Genetics Division, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Human Genetics Division, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Clare Turnbull
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, UK
| | | | - Nazneen Rahman
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, UK
| | - Hanne Meijers-Heijboer
- Section of Oncogenetics, Department of Clinical Genetics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andre G Uitterlinden
- Department of Internal Medicine and Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- Department of Internal Medicine and Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Curtis Olswold
- Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Susan Slager
- Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Robert Pilarski
- Department of Internal Medicine, James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Irene Konstantopoulou
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, Institute of Radioisotopes and Radiodiagnostic Products (IRRP), National Centre for Scientific Research Demokritos, Aghia Paraskevi Attikis, Athens, Greece
| | - Nicholas G Martin
- QIMR GWAS Collective, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Grant W Montgomery
- QIMR GWAS Collective, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Dennis J Slamon
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Claudia Rauh
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Breast Center Franconia, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael P Lux
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Breast Center Franconia, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sebastian M Jud
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Breast Center Franconia, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas Bruning
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance (IPA), Bochum, Germany
| | - Joellen Weaver
- Biosample Repository, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Priyanka Sharma
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Harsh Pathak
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Will Tapper
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Sue Gerty
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Lorraine Durcan
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Dimitrios Trichopoulos
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Bureau of Epidemiologic Research, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece
| | - Rosario Tumino
- Cancer Registry, Histopathology Unit Civile MPArezzo Hospital, Ragusa, Italy
| | - Petra H Peeters
- Julius Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rudolf Kaaks
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniele Campa
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Federico Canzian
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Elisabete Weiderpass
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
- Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mattias Johansson
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Kay-Tee Khaw
- Clinical Gerontology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ruth Travis
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Françoise Clavel-Chapelon
- University Paris–Sud, Unité Mixte de Recherche Scientifique (UMRS) 1018, Villejuif, France
- INSERM (National Institute of Health and Medical Research), CESP (Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health), Environmental Epidemiology of Cancer, Villejuif, France
| | - Laurence N Kolonel
- Département de Médecine Sociale et Préventive, Département de Santé Environnementale et Santé au Travail, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Constance Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andy Beck
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel DeaconessMedical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Susan E Hankinson
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christine D Berg
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Robert N Hoover
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Program, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jolanta Lissowska
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, M Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jonine D Figueroa
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Program, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Daniel I Chasman
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mia M Gaudet
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - W Ryan Diver
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Walter C Willett
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David J Hunter
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jacques Simard
- Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec and Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Javier Benitez
- Human Genotyping Unit–CEGEN, Human Cancer Genetics Programme, CNIO, Madrid, Spain
- Human Genetics Group, CNIO, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigacion en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alison M Dunning
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mark E Sherman
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Program, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Georgia Chenevix-Trench
- Department of Genetics, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Stephen J Chanock
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Program, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Per Hall
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paul D P Pharoah
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Celine Vachon
- Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Douglas F Easton
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Christopher A Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Peter Kraft
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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