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Schreurs MAC, Ramón Y Cajal T, Adank MA, Collée JM, Hollestelle A, van Rooij J, Schmidt MK, Hooning MJ. The benefit of adding polygenic risk scores, lifestyle factors, and breast density to family history and genetic status for breast cancer risk and surveillance classification of unaffected women from germline CHEK2 c.1100delC families. Breast 2024; 73:103611. [PMID: 38039887 PMCID: PMC10730863 DOI: 10.1016/j.breast.2023.103611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
To determine the changes in surveillance category by adding a polygenic risk score based on 311 breast cancer (BC)-associated variants (PRS311), questionnaire-based risk factors and breast density on personalized BC risk in unaffected women from Dutch CHEK2 c.1100delC families. In total, 117 unaffected women (58 heterozygotes and 59 non-carriers) from CHEK2 families were included. Blood-derived DNA samples were genotyped with the GSAMDv3-array to determine PRS311. Lifetime BC risk was calculated in CanRisk, which uses data from the Breast and Ovarian Analysis of Disease Incidence and Carrier Estimation Algorithm (BOADICEA). Women, were categorized into three surveillance groups. The surveillance advice was reclassified in 37.9 % of heterozygotes and 32.2 % of non-carriers after adding PRS311. Including questionnaire-based risk factors resulted in an additional change in 20.0 % of heterozygotes and 13.2 % of non-carriers; and a subanalysis showed that adding breast density on top shifted another 17.9 % of heterozygotes and 33.3 % of non-carriers. Overall, the majority of heterozygotes were reclassified to a less intensive surveillance, while non-carriers would require intensified surveillance. The addition of PRS311, questionnaire-based risk factors and breast density to family history resulted in a more personalized BC surveillance advice in CHEK2-families, which may lead to more efficient use of surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maartje A C Schreurs
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Teresa Ramón Y Cajal
- Familial Cancer Clinic, Medical Oncology Service, Hospital Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Muriel A Adank
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - J Margriet Collée
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Jeroen van Rooij
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marjanka K Schmidt
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maartje J Hooning
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
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Morra A, Schreurs MAC, Andrulis IL, Anton‐Culver H, Augustinsson A, Beckmann MW, Behrens S, Bojesen SE, Bolla MK, Brauch H, Broeks A, Buys SS, Camp NJ, Castelao JE, Cessna MH, Chang‐Claude J, Chung WK, Colonna SV, Couch FJ, Cox A, Cross SS, Czene K, Daly MB, Dennis J, Devilee P, Dörk T, Dunning AM, Dwek M, Easton DF, Eccles DM, Eriksson M, Evans DG, Fasching PA, Fehm TN, Figueroa JD, Flyger H, Gabrielson M, Gago‐Dominguez M, García‐Closas M, García‐Sáenz JA, Genkinger J, Grassmann F, Gündert M, Hahnen E, Haiman CA, Hamann U, Harrington PA, Hartikainen JM, Hoppe R, Hopper JL, Houlston RS, Howell A, Jakubowska A, Janni W, Jernström H, John EM, Johnson N, Jones ME, Kristensen VN, Kurian AW, Lambrechts D, Le Marchand L, Lindblom A, Lubiński J, Lux MP, Mannermaa A, Mavroudis D, Mulligan AM, Muranen TA, Nevanlinna H, Nevelsteen I, Neven P, Newman WG, Obi N, Offit K, Olshan AF, Park‐Simon T, Patel AV, Peterlongo P, Phillips K, Plaseska‐Karanfilska D, Polley EC, Presneau N, Pylkäs K, Rack B, Radice P, Rashid MU, Rhenius V, Robson M, Romero A, Saloustros E, Sawyer EJ, Schmutzler RK, Schuetze S, Scott C, Shah M, Smichkoska S, Southey MC, Tapper WJ, Teras LR, Tollenaar RAEM, Tomczyk K, Tomlinson I, Troester MA, Vachon CM, van Veen EM, Wang Q, Wendt C, Wildiers H, Winqvist R, Ziogas A, Hall P, Pharoah PDP, Adank MA, Hollestelle A, Schmidt MK, Hooning MJ. Association of the CHEK2 c.1100delC variant, radiotherapy, and systemic treatment with contralateral breast cancer risk and breast cancer-specific survival. Cancer Med 2023; 12:16142-16162. [PMID: 37401034 PMCID: PMC10469654 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer (BC) patients with a germline CHEK2 c.1100delC variant have an increased risk of contralateral BC (CBC) and worse BC-specific survival (BCSS) compared to non-carriers. AIM To assessed the associations of CHEK2 c.1100delC, radiotherapy, and systemic treatment with CBC risk and BCSS. METHODS Analyses were based on 82,701 women diagnosed with a first primary invasive BC including 963 CHEK2 c.1100delC carriers; median follow-up was 9.1 years. Differential associations with treatment by CHEK2 c.1100delC status were tested by including interaction terms in a multivariable Cox regression model. A multi-state model was used for further insight into the relation between CHEK2 c.1100delC status, treatment, CBC risk and death. RESULTS There was no evidence for differential associations of therapy with CBC risk by CHEK2 c.1100delC status. The strongest association with reduced CBC risk was observed for the combination of chemotherapy and endocrine therapy [HR (95% CI): 0.66 (0.55-0.78)]. No association was observed with radiotherapy. Results from the multi-state model showed shorter BCSS for CHEK2 c.1100delC carriers versus non-carriers also after accounting for CBC occurrence [HR (95% CI): 1.30 (1.09-1.56)]. CONCLUSION Systemic therapy was associated with reduced CBC risk irrespective of CHEK2 c.1100delC status. Moreover, CHEK2 c.1100delC carriers had shorter BCSS, which appears not to be fully explained by their CBC risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Morra
- Division of Molecular PathologyThe Netherlands Cancer InstituteAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | | | - Irene L. Andrulis
- Fred A. Litwin Center for Cancer GeneticsLunenfeld‐Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai HospitalTorontoOntarioCanada
- Department of Molecular GeneticsUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Hoda Anton‐Culver
- Department of Medicine, Genetic Epidemiology Research InstituteUniversity of California IrvineIrvineCaliforniaUSA
| | | | - Matthias W. Beckmann
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen‐EMN, Friedrich‐Alexander University Erlangen‐NurembergUniversity Hospital ErlangenErlangenGermany
| | - Sabine Behrens
- Division of Cancer EpidemiologyGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
| | - Stig E. Bojesen
- Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte HospitalCopenhagen University HospitalHerlevDenmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte HospitalCopenhagen University HospitalHerlevDenmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Manjeet K. Bolla
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary CareUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Hiltrud Brauch
- Dr. Margarete Fischer‐Bosch‐Institute of Clinical PharmacologyStuttgartGermany
- iFIT‐Cluster of ExcellenceUniversity of TübingenTübingenGermany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site TübingenGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)TübingenGermany
| | - Annegien Broeks
- Division of Molecular PathologyThe Netherlands Cancer InstituteAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Saundra S. Buys
- Department of Internal Medicine and Huntsman Cancer InstituteUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
| | - Nicola J. Camp
- Department of Internal Medicine and Huntsman Cancer InstituteUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
| | - Jose E. Castelao
- Oncology and Genetics Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur (IISGS)Xerencia de Xestion Integrada de Vigo‐SERGASVigoSpain
| | | | - Jenny Chang‐Claude
- Division of Cancer EpidemiologyGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
- Cancer Epidemiology Group, University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH)University Medical Center Hamburg‐EppendorfHamburgGermany
| | - Wendy K. Chung
- Departments of Pediatrics and MedicineColumbia UniversityNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Sarah V. Colonna
- Department of Internal Medicine and Huntsman Cancer InstituteUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
| | - Fergus J. Couch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and PathologyMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | - Angela Cox
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Sheffield Institute for Nucleic Acids (SInFoNiA)University of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - Simon S. Cross
- Department of Neuroscience, Academic Unit of PathologyUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - Kamila Czene
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and BiostatisticsKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Mary B. Daly
- Department of Clinical GeneticsFox Chase Cancer CenterPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Joe Dennis
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary CareUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Peter Devilee
- Department of PathologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenthe Netherlands
- Department of Human GeneticsLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenthe Netherlands
| | - Thilo Dörk
- Gynaecology Research UnitHannover Medical SchoolHannoverGermany
| | - Alison M. Dunning
- Department of Oncology, Centre for Cancer Genetic EpidemiologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Miriam Dwek
- School of Life SciencesUniversity of WestminsterLondonUK
| | - Douglas F. Easton
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary CareUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Department of Oncology, Centre for Cancer Genetic EpidemiologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | | | - Mikael Eriksson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and BiostatisticsKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - D. Gareth Evans
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of ManchesterManchester Academic Health Science CentreManchesterUK
- North West Genomics Laboratory Hub, Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation TrustManchester Academic Health Science CentreManchesterUK
| | - Peter A. Fasching
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen‐EMN, Friedrich‐Alexander University Erlangen‐NurembergUniversity Hospital ErlangenErlangenGermany
| | - Tanja N. Fehm
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital DüsseldorfHeinrich‐Heine University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Jonine D. Figueroa
- Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and InformaticsThe University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh CentreThe University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Department of Health and Human Services, National Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Henrik Flyger
- Department of Breast Surgery, Herlev and Gentofte HospitalCopenhagen University HospitalHerlevDenmark
| | - Marike Gabrielson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and BiostatisticsKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Manuela Gago‐Dominguez
- Cancer Genetics and Epidemiology Group, SERGAS, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS) FoundationComplejo Hospitalario Universitario de SantiagoSantiago de CompostelaSpain
| | - Montserrat García‐Closas
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Department of Health and Human Services, National Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - José A. García‐Sáenz
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC)Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC)MadridSpain
| | - Jeanine Genkinger
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public HealthColumbia UniversityNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Felix Grassmann
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and BiostatisticsKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Health and Medical UniversityPotsdamGermany
| | - Melanie Gündert
- Molecular Epidemiology Group, C080German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
- Molecular Biology of Breast Cancer, University Womens Clinic HeidelbergUniversity of HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany
- Institute of Diabetes Research, Helmholtz Zentrum MünchenGerman Research Center for Environmental HealthNeuherbergGermany
| | - Eric Hahnen
- Center for Familial Breast and Ovarian Cancer, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital CologneUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
- Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital CologneUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
| | - Christopher A. Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Ute Hamann
- Molecular Genetics of Breast CancerGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
| | - Patricia A. Harrington
- Department of Oncology, Centre for Cancer Genetic EpidemiologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Jaana M. Hartikainen
- Translational Cancer Research AreaUniversity of Eastern FinlandKuopioFinland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic MedicineUniversity of Eastern FinlandKuopioFinland
| | - Reiner Hoppe
- Dr. Margarete Fischer‐Bosch‐Institute of Clinical PharmacologyStuttgartGermany
- University of TübingenTübingenGermany
| | - John L. Hopper
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global HealthThe University of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Richard S. Houlston
- Division of Genetics and EpidemiologyThe Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUK
| | - Anthony Howell
- Division of Cancer SciencesUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Anna Jakubowska
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer CenterPomeranian Medical UniversitySzczecinPoland
- Independent Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genetic DiagnosticsPomeranian Medical UniversitySzczecinPoland
| | - Wolfgang Janni
- Department of Gynaecology and ObstetricsUniversity Hospital UlmUlmGermany
| | | | - Esther M. John
- Department of Epidemiology and Population HealthStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCaliforniaUSA
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford Cancer InstituteStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | - Nichola Johnson
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research CentreThe Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUK
| | - Michael E. Jones
- Division of Genetics and EpidemiologyThe Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUK
| | - Vessela N. Kristensen
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
- Department of Medical GeneticsOslo University Hospital and University of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Allison W. Kurian
- Department of Epidemiology and Population HealthStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCaliforniaUSA
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford Cancer InstituteStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | - Diether Lambrechts
- Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of Human GeneticsKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- VIB Center for Cancer BiologyVIBLeuvenBelgium
| | - Loic Le Marchand
- Epidemiology ProgramUniversity of Hawaii Cancer CenterHonoluluHawaiiUSA
| | - Annika Lindblom
- Department of Molecular Medicine and SurgeryKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Department of Clinical GeneticsKarolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden
| | - Jan Lubiński
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer CenterPomeranian Medical UniversitySzczecinPoland
| | - Michael P. Lux
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen‐EMN, Friedrich‐Alexander University Erlangen‐NurembergUniversity Hospital ErlangenErlangenGermany
| | - Arto Mannermaa
- Translational Cancer Research AreaUniversity of Eastern FinlandKuopioFinland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic MedicineUniversity of Eastern FinlandKuopioFinland
- Biobank of Eastern FinlandKuopio University HospitalKuopioFinland
| | - Dimitrios Mavroudis
- Department of Medical OncologyUniversity Hospital of HeraklionHeraklionGreece
| | - Anna Marie Mulligan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and PathobiologyUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
- Laboratory Medicine ProgramUniversity Health NetworkTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Taru A. Muranen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University HospitalUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Heli Nevanlinna
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University HospitalUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Ines Nevelsteen
- Department of Oncology, Leuven Multidisciplinary Breast Center, University Hospitals LeuvenLeuven Cancer InstituteLeuvenBelgium
| | - Patrick Neven
- Department of Oncology, Leuven Multidisciplinary Breast Center, University Hospitals LeuvenLeuven Cancer InstituteLeuvenBelgium
| | - William G. Newman
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of ManchesterManchester Academic Health Science CentreManchesterUK
- North West Genomics Laboratory Hub, Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation TrustManchester Academic Health Science CentreManchesterUK
| | - Nadia Obi
- Institute for Medical Biometry and EpidemiologyUniversity Medical Center Hamburg‐EppendorfHamburgGermany
| | - Kenneth Offit
- Clinical Genetics Research Lab, Department of Cancer Biology and GeneticsMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Clinical Genetics Service, Department of MedicineMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Andrew F. Olshan
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health and UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | | | - Alpa V. Patel
- Department of Population ScienceAmerican Cancer SocietyAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Paolo Peterlongo
- IFOM ETS ‐ The AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Genome Diagnostics ProgramMilanItaly
| | - Kelly‐Anne Phillips
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global HealthThe University of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Department of Medical OncologyPeter MacCallum Cancer CentreMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of OncologyThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - Dijana Plaseska‐Karanfilska
- Research Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology 'Georgi D. Efremov'MASASkopjeRepublic of North Macedonia
| | - Eric C. Polley
- Division of Clinical Trials and Biostatistics, Department of Quantitative Health SciencesMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | | | - Katri Pylkäs
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Biocenter OuluUniversity of OuluOuluFinland
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor BiologyNorthern Finland Laboratory Centre OuluOuluFinland
| | - Brigitte Rack
- Department of Gynaecology and ObstetricsUniversity Hospital UlmUlmGermany
| | - Paolo Radice
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori“Predictive Medicine: Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk”MilanItaly
| | - Muhammad U. Rashid
- Molecular Genetics of Breast CancerGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
- Department of Basic SciencesShaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre (SKMCH & RC)LahorePakistan
| | - Valerie Rhenius
- Department of Oncology, Centre for Cancer Genetic EpidemiologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Mark Robson
- Clinical Genetics Service, Department of MedicineMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Atocha Romero
- Medical Oncology DepartmentHospital Universitario Puerta de HierroMadridSpain
| | | | - Elinor J. Sawyer
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Guy's CampusKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Rita K. Schmutzler
- Center for Familial Breast and Ovarian Cancer, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital CologneUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
- Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital CologneUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital CologneUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
| | - Sabine Schuetze
- Department of Gynaecology and ObstetricsUniversity Hospital UlmUlmGermany
| | - Christopher Scott
- Division of Clinical Trials and Biostatistics, Department of Quantitative Health SciencesMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | - Mitul Shah
- Department of Oncology, Centre for Cancer Genetic EpidemiologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Snezhana Smichkoska
- Medical Faculty, University Clinic of Radiotherapy and OncologySs. Cyril and Methodius University in SkopjeSkopjeRepublic of North Macedonia
| | - Melissa C. Southey
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash HealthMonash UniversityClaytonVictoriaAustralia
- Department of Clinical PathologyThe University of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Cancer Epidemiology DivisionCancer Council VictoriaMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | | | - Lauren R. Teras
- Department of Population ScienceAmerican Cancer SocietyAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | | | - Katarzyna Tomczyk
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research CentreThe Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUK
| | - Ian Tomlinson
- Cancer Research CentreThe University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Melissa A. Troester
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health and UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Celine M. Vachon
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Quantitative Health SciencesMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | - Elke M. van Veen
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of ManchesterManchester Academic Health Science CentreManchesterUK
- North West Genomics Laboratory Hub, Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation TrustManchester Academic Health Science CentreManchesterUK
| | - Qin Wang
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary CareUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Camilla Wendt
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, SödersjukhusetKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Department of OncologySödersjukhusetStockholmSweden
| | - Hans Wildiers
- Department of Oncology, Leuven Multidisciplinary Breast Center, University Hospitals LeuvenLeuven Cancer InstituteLeuvenBelgium
| | - Robert Winqvist
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Biocenter OuluUniversity of OuluOuluFinland
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor BiologyNorthern Finland Laboratory Centre OuluOuluFinland
| | - Argyrios Ziogas
- Department of Medicine, Genetic Epidemiology Research InstituteUniversity of California IrvineIrvineCaliforniaUSA
| | - Per Hall
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and BiostatisticsKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Department of OncologySödersjukhusetStockholmSweden
| | - Paul D. P. Pharoah
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary CareUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Department of Oncology, Centre for Cancer Genetic EpidemiologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Muriel A. Adank
- Family Cancer ClinicThe Netherlands Cancer Institute ‐ Antoni van Leeuwenhoek HospitalAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | | | - Marjanka K. Schmidt
- Division of Molecular PathologyThe Netherlands Cancer InstituteAmsterdamthe Netherlands
- Division of Psychosocial Research and EpidemiologyThe Netherlands Cancer Institute ‐ Antoni van Leeuwenhoek HospitalAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Maartje J. Hooning
- Department of Medical OncologyErasmus MC Cancer InstituteRotterdamthe Netherlands
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Figlioli G, Billaud A, Wang Q, Bolla MK, Dennis J, Lush M, Kvist A, Adank MA, Ahearn TU, Antonenkova NN, Auvinen P, Behrens S, Bermisheva M, Bogdanova NV, Bojesen SE, Bonanni B, Brüning T, Camp NJ, Campbell A, Castelao JE, Cessna MH, Czene K, Devilee P, Dörk T, Eriksson M, Fasching PA, Flyger H, Gabrielson M, Gago-Dominguez M, García-Closas M, Glendon G, Gómez Garcia EB, González-Neira A, Grassmann F, Guénel P, Hahnen E, Hamann U, Hillemanns P, Hooning MJ, Hoppe R, Howell A, Humphreys K, Jakubowska A, Khusnutdinova EK, Kristensen VN, Lindblom A, Loizidou MA, Lubiński J, Mannermaa A, Maurer T, Mavroudis D, Newman WG, Obi N, Panayiotidis MI, Radice P, Rashid MU, Rhenius V, Ruebner M, Saloustros E, Sawyer EJ, Schmidt MK, Schmutzler RK, Shah M, Southey MC, Tomlinson I, Truong T, van Veen EM, Wendt C, Yang XR, Michailidou K, Dunning AM, Pharoah PDP, Easton DF, Andrulis IL, Evans DG, Hollestelle A, Chang-Claude J, Milne RL, Peterlongo P. Spectrum and Frequency of Germline FANCM Protein-Truncating Variants in 44,803 European Female Breast Cancer Cases. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3313. [PMID: 37444426 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15133313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
FANCM germline protein truncating variants (PTVs) are moderate-risk factors for ER-negative breast cancer. We previously described the spectrum of FANCM PTVs in 114 European breast cancer cases. In the present, larger cohort, we report the spectrum and frequency of four common and 62 rare FANCM PTVs found in 274 carriers detected among 44,803 breast cancer cases. We confirmed that p.Gln1701* was the most common PTV in Northern Europe with lower frequencies in Southern Europe. In contrast, p.Gly1906Alafs*12 was the most common PTV in Southern Europe with decreasing frequencies in Central and Northern Europe. We verified that p.Arg658* was prevalent in Central Europe and had highest frequencies in Eastern Europe. We also confirmed that the fourth most common PTV, p.Gln498Thrfs*7, might be a founder variant from Lithuania. Based on the frequency distribution of the carriers of rare PTVs, we showed that the FANCM PTVs spectra in Southwestern and Central Europe were much more heterogeneous than those from Northeastern Europe. These findings will inform the development of more efficient FANCM genetic testing strategies for breast cancer cases from specific European populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisella Figlioli
- Genome Diagnostics Program, IFOM ETS-The AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Amandine Billaud
- Genome Diagnostics Program, IFOM ETS-The AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Qin Wang
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Manjeet K Bolla
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Joe Dennis
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Michael Lush
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Anders Kvist
- Division of Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, 22185 Lund, Sweden
| | - Muriel A Adank
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Family Cancer Clinic, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas U Ahearn
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Natalia N Antonenkova
- N.N. Alexandrov Research Institute of Oncology and Medical Radiology, 223040 Minsk, Belarus
| | - Päivi Auvinen
- Translational Cancer Research Area, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oncology, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Center, Kuopio University Hospital, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sabine Behrens
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marina Bermisheva
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 450054 Ufa, Russia
| | - Natalia V Bogdanova
- N.N. Alexandrov Research Institute of Oncology and Medical Radiology, 223040 Minsk, Belarus
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Stig E Bojesen
- Copenhagen General Population Study, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, 2730 Herlev, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, 2730 Herlev, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bernardo Bonanni
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Thomas Brüning
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA), 44789 Bochum, Germany
| | - Nicola J Camp
- Department of Internal Medicine and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Archie Campbell
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics & Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
- Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UX, UK
| | - Jose E Castelao
- Oncology and Genetics Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur (IISGS), Xerencia de Xestion Integrada de Vigo-SERGAS, 36312 Vigo, Spain
| | | | - Kamila Czene
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Devilee
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Thilo Dörk
- Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Mikael Eriksson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter A Fasching
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Henrik Flyger
- Department of Breast Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, 2730 Herlev, Denmark
| | - Marike Gabrielson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Manuela Gago-Dominguez
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (FIDIS) Foundation, IDIS Cancer Genetics and Epidemiology Group, Genomic Medicine Group, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago, SERGAS, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Montserrat García-Closas
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Gord Glendon
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Fred A. Litwin Center for Cancer Genetics, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
- Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Encarna B Gómez Garcia
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Anna González-Neira
- Human Genotyping Unit-CeGen, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Felix Grassmann
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medicine, Institute for Clinical Research and Systems Medicine, Health and Medical University, 14467 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Pascal Guénel
- CESP U1018, Inserm "Exposome, Heredity, Cancer and Health" Team, UVSQ, University Paris-Saclay, Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Eric Hahnen
- Center for Familial Breast and Ovarian Cancer, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Ute Hamann
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Hillemanns
- Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Maartje J Hooning
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Reiner Hoppe
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, 70376 Stuttgart, Germany
- University of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anthony Howell
- Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Keith Humphreys
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Jakubowska
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland
- Independent Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genetic Diagnostics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Elza K Khusnutdinova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 450054 Ufa, Russia
- Department of Genetics and Fundamental Medicine, Ufa University of Science and Technology, 450076 Ufa, Russia
| | - Vessela N Kristensen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0450 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, 0379 Oslo, Norway
| | - Annika Lindblom
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria A Loizidou
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Therapeutics and Ultrastructural Pathology, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, 2371 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Jan Lubiński
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Arto Mannermaa
- Translational Cancer Research Area, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
- Kuopio University Hospital, Biobank of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tabea Maurer
- Cancer Epidemiology Group, University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dimitrios Mavroudis
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Heraklion, 711 10 Heraklion, Greece
| | - William G Newman
- Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomics, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St. Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
| | - Nadia Obi
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Institute for Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mihalis I Panayiotidis
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Therapeutics and Ultrastructural Pathology, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, 2371 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Paolo Radice
- Unit of 'Predictive Medicine: Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk', Department of Experimental Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori (INT), 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Muhammad U Rashid
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Basic Sciences, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre (SKMCH & RC), Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Valerie Rhenius
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Matthias Ruebner
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Elinor J Sawyer
- King's College London, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Guy's Campus, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Marjanka K Schmidt
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Division of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Rita K Schmutzler
- Center for Familial Breast and Ovarian Cancer, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Mitul Shah
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Melissa C Southey
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
- Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Ian Tomlinson
- Cancer Research Centre, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Thérèse Truong
- CESP U1018, Inserm "Exposome, Heredity, Cancer and Health" Team, UVSQ, University Paris-Saclay, Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Elke M van Veen
- Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomics, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St. Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
| | - Camilla Wendt
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, 118 83 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xiaohong R Yang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kyriaki Michailidou
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
- Biostatistics Unit, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, 2371 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Alison M Dunning
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Paul D P Pharoah
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
- Department of Computational Biomedicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, West Hollywood, CA 90069, USA
| | - Douglas F Easton
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Irene L Andrulis
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Fred A. Litwin Center for Cancer Genetics, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - D Gareth Evans
- Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomics, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St. Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
| | - Antoinette Hollestelle
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Cancer Epidemiology Group, University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Roger L Milne
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Paolo Peterlongo
- Genome Diagnostics Program, IFOM ETS-The AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, 20139 Milan, Italy
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4
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Smid M, Schmidt MK, Prager-van der Smissen WJC, Ruigrok-Ritstier K, Schreurs MAC, Cornelissen S, Garcia AM, Broeks A, Timmermans AM, Trapman-Jansen AMAC, Collée JM, Adank MA, Hooning MJ, Martens JWM, Hollestelle A. Breast cancer genomes from CHEK2 c.1100delC mutation carriers lack somatic TP53 mutations and display a unique structural variant size distribution profile. Breast Cancer Res 2023; 25:53. [PMID: 37161532 PMCID: PMC10169359 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-023-01653-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND CHEK2 c.1100delC was the first moderate-risk breast cancer (BC) susceptibility allele discovered. Despite several genomic, transcriptomic and functional studies, however, it is still unclear how exactly CHEK2 c.1100delC promotes tumorigenesis. Since the mutational landscape of a tumor reflects the processes that have operated on its development, the aim of this study was to uncover the somatic genomic landscape of CHEK2-associated BC. METHODS We sequenced primary BC (pBC) and normal genomes of 20 CHEK2 c.1100delC mutation carriers as well as their pBC transcriptomes. Including pre-existing cohorts, we exhaustively compared CHEK2 pBC genomes to those from BRCA1/2 mutation carriers, those that displayed homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) and ER- and ER+ pBCs, totaling to 574 pBC genomes. Findings were validated in 517 metastatic BC genomes subdivided into the same subgroups. Transcriptome data from 168 ER+ pBCs were used to derive a TP53-mutant gene expression signature and perform cluster analysis with CHEK2 BC transcriptomes. Finally, clinical outcome of CHEK2 c.1100delC carriers was compared with BC patients displaying somatic TP53 mutations in two well-described retrospective cohorts totaling to 942 independent pBC cases. RESULTS BC genomes from CHEK2 mutation carriers were most similar to ER+ BC genomes and least similar to those of BRCA1/2 mutation carriers in terms of tumor mutational burden as well as mutational signatures. Moreover, CHEK2 BC genomes did not show any evidence of HRD. Somatic TP53 mutation frequency and the size distribution of structural variants (SVs), however, were different compared to ER+ BC. Interestingly, BC genomes with bi-allelic CHEK2 inactivation lacked somatic TP53 mutations and transcriptomic analysis indicated a shared biology with TP53 mutant BC. Moreover, CHEK2 BC genomes had an increased frequency of > 1 Mb deletions, inversions and tandem duplications with peaks at specific sizes. The high chromothripsis frequency among CHEK2 BC genomes appeared, however, not associated with this unique SV size distribution profile. CONCLUSIONS CHEK2 BC genomes are most similar to ER+ BC genomes, but display unique features that may further unravel CHEK2-driven tumorigenesis. Increased insight into this mechanism could explain the shorter survival of CHEK2 mutation carriers that is likely driven by intrinsic tumor aggressiveness rather than endocrine resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Smid
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marjanka K Schmidt
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Maartje A C Schreurs
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sten Cornelissen
- Core Facility Molecular Pathology & Biobanking, The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aida Marsal Garcia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annegien Broeks
- Core Facility Molecular Pathology & Biobanking, The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A Mieke Timmermans
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - J Margriet Collée
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Muriel A Adank
- Family Cancer Clinic, The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maartje J Hooning
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - John W M Martens
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Antoinette Hollestelle
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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5
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Lakeman IMM, Rodríguez-Girondo MDM, Lee A, Celosse N, Braspenning ME, van Engelen K, van de Beek I, van der Hout AH, Gómez García EB, Mensenkamp AR, Ausems MGEM, Hooning MJ, Adank MA, Hollestelle A, Schmidt MK, van Asperen CJ, Devilee P. Clinical applicability of the Polygenic Risk Score for breast cancer risk prediction in familial cases. J Med Genet 2023; 60:327-336. [PMID: 36137616 DOI: 10.1136/jmg-2022-108502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Common low-risk variants are presently not used to guide clinical management of familial breast cancer (BC). We explored the additive impact of a 313-variant-based Polygenic Risk Score (PRS313) relative to standard gene testing in non-BRCA1/2 Dutch BC families. METHODS We included 3918 BC cases from 3492 Dutch non-BRCA1/2 BC families and 3474 Dutch population controls. The association of the standardised PRS313 with BC was estimated using a logistic regression model, adjusted for pedigree-based family history. Family history of the controls was imputed for this analysis. SEs were corrected to account for relatedness of individuals. Using the BOADICEA (Breast and Ovarian Analysis of Disease Incidence and Carrier Estimation Algorithm) V.5 model, lifetime risks were retrospectively calculated with and without individual PRS313. For 2586 cases and 2584 controls, the carrier status of pathogenic variants (PVs) in ATM, CHEK2 and PALB2 was known. RESULTS The family history-adjusted PRS313 was significantly associated with BC (per SD OR=1.97, 95% CI 1.84 to 2.11). Including the PRS313 in BOADICEA family-based risk prediction would have changed screening recommendations in up to 27%, 36% and 34% of cases according to BC screening guidelines from the USA, UK and the Netherlands (National Comprehensive Cancer Network, National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, and Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organisation), respectively. For the population controls, without information on family history, this was up to 39%, 44% and 58%, respectively. Among carriers of PVs in known moderate BC susceptibility genes, the PRS313 had the largest impact for CHEK2 and ATM. CONCLUSIONS Our results support the application of the PRS313 in risk prediction for genetically uninformative BC families and families with a PV in moderate BC risk genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inge M M Lakeman
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mar D M Rodríguez-Girondo
- Department of Medical Statistics and Bioinformatics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Andrew Lee
- Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nandi Celosse
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Merel E Braspenning
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Klaartje van Engelen
- Department of Human Genetics, Amsterdam UMC Locatie VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Irma van de Beek
- Department of Human Genetics, Amsterdam UMC Locatie VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annemiek H van der Hout
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Encarna B Gómez García
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Arjen R Mensenkamp
- Department of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Margreet G E M Ausems
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maartje J Hooning
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Muriel A Adank
- Family Cancer Clinic, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Antoinette Hollestelle
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marjanka K Schmidt
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Division of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Christi J van Asperen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Devilee
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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6
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Morra A, Schreurs MAC, Andrulis IL, Anton-Culver H, Augustinsson A, Beckmann MW, Behrens S, Bojesen SE, Bolla MK, Brauch H, Broeks A, Buys SS, Camp NJ, Castelao JE, Cessna MH, Chang-Claude J, Chung WK, Collaborators N, Colonna SV, Couch FJ, Cox A, Cross SS, Czene K, Daly MB, Dennis J, Devilee P, Dörk T, Dunning AM, Dwek M, Easton DF, Eccles DM, Eriksson M, Evans DG, Fasching PA, Fehm TN, Figueroa JD, Flyger H, Gabrielson M, Gago-Dominguez M, García-Closas M, García-Sáenz JA, Genkinger J, Grassmann F, Gündert M, Hahnen E, Haiman CA, Hamann U, Harrington PA, Hartikainen JM, Hoppe R, Hopper JL, Houlston RS, Howell A, Investigators A, Investigators KC, Jakubowska A, Janni W, Jernström H, John EM, Johnson N, Jones ME, Kristensen VN, Kurian AW, Lambrechts D, Marchand LL, Lindblom A, Lubiński J, Lux MP, Mannermaa A, Mavroudis D, Mulligan AM, Muranen TA, Nevanlinna H, Nevelsteen I, Neven P, Newman WG, Obi N, Offit K, Olshan AF, Park-Simon TW, Patel AV, Peterlongo P, Phillips KA, Plaseska-Karanfilska D, Polley EC, Presneau N, Pylkäs K, Rack B, Radice P, Rashid MU, Rhenius V, Robson M, Romero A, Saloustros E, Sawyer EJ, Schmutzler RK, Schuetze S, Scott C, Shah M, Smichkoska S, Southey MC, Tapper WJ, Teras LR, Tollenaar RAEM, Tomczyk K, Tomlinson I, Troester MA, Vachon CM, van Veen EM, Wang Q, Wendt C, Wildiers H, Winqvist R, Ziogas A, Hall P, Pharoah PDP, Adank MA, Hollestelle A, Schmidt MK, Hooning MJ. Association of the CHEK2 c.1100delC variant, radiotherapy, and systemic treatment with contralateral breast cancer risk and breast cancer-specific survival. Res Sq 2023:rs.3.rs-2569372. [PMID: 36824750 PMCID: PMC9949248 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2569372/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) patients with a germline CHEK2 c.1100delC variant have an increased risk of contralateral BC (CBC) and worse BC-specific survival (BCSS) compared to non-carriers. We aimed to assess the associations of CHEK2 c.1100delC, radiotherapy, and systemic treatment with CBC risk and BCSS. Analyses were based on 82,701 women diagnosed with invasive BC including 963 CHEK2 c.1100delC carriers; median follow-up was 9.1 years. Differential associations of treatment by CHEK2 c.1100delC status were tested by including interaction terms in a multivariable Cox regression model. A multi-state model was used for further insight into the relation between CHEK2 c.1100delC status, treatment, CBC risk and death. There was no evidence for differential associations of therapy with CBC risk by CHEK2 c.1100delC status The strongest association with reduced CBC risk was observed for the combination of chemotherapy and endocrine therapy [HR(95%CI): 0.66 (0.55-0.78)]. No association was observed with radiotherapy. Results from the multi-state model showed shorter BCSS for CHEK2 c.1100delC carriers versus non-carriers also after accounting for CBC occurrence [HR(95%CI) :1.30 (1.09-1.56)]. In conclusion, systemic therapy was associated with reduced CBC risk irrespective of CHEK2 c.1100delC status. Moreover, CHEK2 c.1100delC carriers had shorter BCSS, which appears not to be fully explained by their CBC risk. (Main MS: 3201 words).
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7
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Figlioli G, Billaud A, Ahearn TU, Antonenkova NN, Becher H, Beckmann MW, Behrens S, Benitez J, Bermisheva M, Blok MJ, Bogdanova NV, Bonanni B, Burwinkel B, Camp NJ, Campbell A, Castelao JE, Cessna MH, Chanock SJ, Czene K, Devilee P, Dörk T, Engel C, Eriksson M, Fasching PA, Figueroa JD, Gabrielson M, Gago-Dominguez M, García-Closas M, González-Neira A, Grassmann F, Guénel P, Gündert M, Hadjisavvas A, Hahnen E, Hall P, Hamann U, Harrington PA, He W, Hillemanns P, Hollestelle A, Hooning MJ, Hoppe R, Howell A, Humphreys K, Jager A, Jakubowska A, Khusnutdinova EK, Ko YD, Kristensen VN, Lindblom A, Lissowska J, Lubiński J, Mannermaa A, Manoukian S, Margolin S, Mavroudis D, Newman WG, Obi N, Panayiotidis MI, Rashid MU, Rhenius V, Rookus MA, Saloustros E, Sawyer EJ, Schmutzler RK, Shah M, Sironen R, Southey MC, Suvanto M, Tollenaar RAEM, Tomlinson I, Truong T, van der Kolk LE, van Veen EM, Wappenschmidt B, Yang XR, Bolla MK, Dennis J, Dunning AM, Easton DF, Lush M, Michailidou K, Pharoah PDP, Wang Q, Adank MA, Schmidt MK, Andrulis IL, Chang-Claude J, Nevanlinna H, Chenevix-Trench G, Evans DG, Milne RL, Radice P, Peterlongo P. FANCM missense variants and breast cancer risk: a case-control association study of 75,156 European women. Eur J Hum Genet 2023; 31:578-587. [PMID: 36707629 PMCID: PMC10172381 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-022-01257-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence from literature, including the BRIDGES study, indicates that germline protein truncating variants (PTVs) in FANCM confer moderately increased risk of ER-negative and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), especially for women with a family history of the disease. Association between FANCM missense variants (MVs) and breast cancer risk has been postulated. In this study, we further used the BRIDGES study to test 689 FANCM MVs for association with breast cancer risk, overall and in ER-negative and TNBC subtypes, in 39,885 cases (7566 selected for family history) and 35,271 controls of European ancestry. Sixteen common MVs were tested individually; the remaining rare 673 MVs were tested by burden analyses considering their position and pathogenicity score. We also conducted a meta-analysis of our results and those from published studies. We did not find evidence for association for any of the 16 variants individually tested. The rare MVs were significantly associated with increased risk of ER-negative breast cancer by burden analysis comparing familial cases to controls (OR = 1.48; 95% CI 1.07-2.04; P = 0.017). Higher ORs were found for the subgroup of MVs located in functional domains or predicted to be pathogenic. The meta-analysis indicated that FANCM MVs overall are associated with breast cancer risk (OR = 1.22; 95% CI 1.08-1.38; P = 0.002). Our results support the definition from previous analyses of FANCM as a moderate-risk breast cancer gene and provide evidence that FANCM MVs could be low/moderate risk factors for ER-negative and TNBC subtypes. Further genetic and functional analyses are necessary to clarify better the increased risks due to FANCM MVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisella Figlioli
- IFOM ETS - The AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Genome Diagnostics Program, Milan, Italy
| | - Amandine Billaud
- IFOM ETS - The AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Genome Diagnostics Program, Milan, Italy
| | - Thomas U Ahearn
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Natalia N Antonenkova
- N.N. Alexandrov Research Institute of Oncology and Medical Radiology, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Heiko Becher
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Institute of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Matthias W Beckmann
- University Hospital Erlangen, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sabine Behrens
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Javier Benitez
- Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Human Genetics Group, Madrid, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina Bermisheva
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russia
| | - Marinus J Blok
- Maastricht University Medical Center, Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Natalia V Bogdanova
- N.N. Alexandrov Research Institute of Oncology and Medical Radiology, Minsk, Belarus
- Hannover Medical School, Department of Radiation Oncology, Hannover, Germany
- Hannover Medical School, Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover, Germany
| | - Bernardo Bonanni
- IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Burwinkel
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Molecular Epidemiology Group, C080, Heidelberg, Germany
- University of Heidelberg, Molecular Biology of Breast Cancer, University Womens Clinic Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nicola J Camp
- University of Utah, Department of Internal Medicine and Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Archie Campbell
- University of Edinburgh, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics & Cancer, Edinburgh, UK
- The University of Edinburgh, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jose E Castelao
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur (IISGS), Xerencia de Xestion Integrada de Vigo-SERGAS, Oncology and Genetics Unit, Vigo, Spain
| | | | - Stephen J Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Kamila Czene
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Devilee
- Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Pathology, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Human Genetics, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Thilo Dörk
- Hannover Medical School, Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christoph Engel
- University of Leipzig, Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, Leipzig, Germany
- University of Leipzig, LIFE - Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mikael Eriksson
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter A Fasching
- University Hospital Erlangen, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jonine D Figueroa
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
- The University of Edinburgh, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, Edinburgh, UK
- The University of Edinburgh, Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Marike Gabrielson
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Manuela Gago-Dominguez
- Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago, SERGAS, Genomic Medicine Group, International Cancer Genetics and Epidemiology Group, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- University of California San Diego, Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Montserrat García-Closas
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Anna González-Neira
- Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Human Cancer Genetics Programme, Madrid, Spain
| | - Felix Grassmann
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Stockholm, Sweden
- Health and Medical University, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Pascal Guénel
- INSERM, University Paris-Saclay, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), Team Exposome and Heredity, Villejuif, France
| | - Melanie Gündert
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Molecular Epidemiology Group, C080, Heidelberg, Germany
- University of Heidelberg, Molecular Biology of Breast Cancer, University Womens Clinic Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Hadjisavvas
- The Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, Department of Cancer Genetics, Therapeutics and Ultrastructural Pathology, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Eric Hahnen
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Center for Familial Breast and Ovarian Cancer, Cologne, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), Cologne, Germany
| | - Per Hall
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Stockholm, Sweden
- Södersjukhuset, Department of Oncology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ute Hamann
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Patricia A Harrington
- University of Cambridge, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Wei He
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Hillemanns
- Hannover Medical School, Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Maartje J Hooning
- Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Department of Medical Oncology, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Reiner Hoppe
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
- University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anthony Howell
- University of Manchester, Division of Cancer Sciences, Manchester, UK
| | - Keith Humphreys
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Agnes Jager
- Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Department of Medical Oncology, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anna Jakubowska
- Pomeranian Medical University, Department of Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Szczecin, Poland
- Pomeranian Medical University, Independent Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genetic Diagnostics, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Elza K Khusnutdinova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russia
- Bashkir State University, Department of Genetics and Fundamental Medicine, Ufa, Russia
| | - Yon-Dschun Ko
- Department of Internal Medicine, Johanniter GmbH Bonn, Johanniter Krankenhaus, Bonn, Germany
| | - Vessela N Kristensen
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Annika Lindblom
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Stockholm, Sweden
- Karolinska University Hospital, Department of Clinical Genetics, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jolanta Lissowska
- M. Sklodowska-Curie National Research Oncology Institute, Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jan Lubiński
- Pomeranian Medical University, Department of Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Arto Mannermaa
- University of Eastern Finland, Translational Cancer Research Area, Kuopio, Finland
- University of Eastern Finland, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Kuopio, Finland
- Kuopio University Hospital, Biobank of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Siranoush Manoukian
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Margolin
- Södersjukhuset, Department of Oncology, Stockholm, Sweden
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dimitrios Mavroudis
- University Hospital of Heraklion, Department of Medical Oncology, Heraklion, Greece
| | - William G Newman
- University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester, UK
- St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, North West Genomics Laboratory Hub, Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Manchester, UK
| | - Nadia Obi
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Institute of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mihalis I Panayiotidis
- The Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, Department of Cancer Genetics, Therapeutics and Ultrastructural Pathology, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Muhammad U Rashid
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, Heidelberg, Germany
- Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre (SKMCH & RC), Department of Basic Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Valerie Rhenius
- University of Cambridge, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Matti A Rookus
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek hospital, Division of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Elinor J Sawyer
- King's College London, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Guy's Campus, London, UK
| | - Rita K Schmutzler
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Center for Familial Breast and Ovarian Cancer, Cologne, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), Cologne, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Cologne, Germany
| | - Mitul Shah
- University of Cambridge, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Reijo Sironen
- University of Eastern Finland, Translational Cancer Research Area, Kuopio, Finland
- University of Eastern Finland, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Kuopio, Finland
- Kuopio University Hospital, Imaging Center, Department of Clinical Pathology, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Melissa C Southey
- Monash University, Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Department of Clinical Pathology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Cancer Council Victoria, Cancer Epidemiology Division, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Maija Suvanto
- University of Helsinki, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rob A E M Tollenaar
- Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Surgery, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Ian Tomlinson
- The University of Edinburgh, Cancer Research Centre, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Thérèse Truong
- INSERM, University Paris-Saclay, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), Team Exposome and Heredity, Villejuif, France
| | - Lizet E van der Kolk
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek hospital, Family Cancer Clinic, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Elke M van Veen
- University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester, UK
- St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, North West Genomics Laboratory Hub, Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Manchester, UK
| | - Barbara Wappenschmidt
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Center for Familial Breast and Ovarian Cancer, Cologne, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), Cologne, Germany
| | - Xiaohong R Yang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Manjeet K Bolla
- University of Cambridge, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Cambridge, UK
| | - Joe Dennis
- University of Cambridge, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alison M Dunning
- University of Cambridge, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Douglas F Easton
- University of Cambridge, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, Cambridge, UK
- University of Cambridge, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Cambridge, UK
| | - Michael Lush
- University of Cambridge, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kyriaki Michailidou
- University of Cambridge, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Cambridge, UK
- The Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, Biostatistics Unit, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Paul D P Pharoah
- University of Cambridge, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, Cambridge, UK
- University of Cambridge, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Cambridge, UK
| | - Qin Wang
- University of Cambridge, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Cambridge, UK
| | - Muriel A Adank
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek hospital, Family Cancer Clinic, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marjanka K Schmidt
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek hospital, Division of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Division of Molecular Pathology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Irene L Andrulis
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Fred A. Litwin Center for Cancer Genetics, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- University of Toronto, Department of Molecular Genetics, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Heidelberg, Germany
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Cancer Epidemiology Group, University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Heli Nevanlinna
- University of Helsinki, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Georgia Chenevix-Trench
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - D Gareth Evans
- University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester, UK
- St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, North West Genomics Laboratory Hub, Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Manchester, UK
| | - Roger L Milne
- Monash University, Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Cancer Council Victoria, Cancer Epidemiology Division, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paolo Radice
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori (INT), Unit of Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk and Genetic Testing, Department of Experimental Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Peterlongo
- IFOM ETS - The AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Genome Diagnostics Program, Milan, Italy.
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8
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Dumont M, Weber-Lassalle N, Joly-Beauparlant C, Ernst C, Droit A, Feng BJ, Dubois S, Collin-Deschesnes AC, Soucy P, Vallée M, Fournier F, Lemaçon A, Adank MA, Allen J, Altmüller J, Arnold N, Ausems MGEM, Berutti R, Bolla MK, Bull S, Carvalho S, Cornelissen S, Dufault MR, Dunning AM, Engel C, Gehrig A, Geurts-Giele WRR, Gieger C, Green J, Hackmann K, Helmy M, Hentschel J, Hogervorst FBL, Hollestelle A, Hooning MJ, Horváth J, Ikram MA, Kaulfuß S, Keeman R, Kuang D, Luccarini C, Maier W, Martens JWM, Niederacher D, Nürnberg P, Ott CE, Peters A, Pharoah PDP, Ramirez A, Ramser J, Riedel-Heller S, Schmidt G, Shah M, Scherer M, Stäbler A, Strom TM, Sutter C, Thiele H, van Asperen CJ, van der Kolk L, van der Luijt RB, Volk AE, Wagner M, Waisfisz Q, Wang Q, Wang-Gohrke S, Weber BHF, Devilee P, Tavtigian S, Bader GD, Meindl A, Goldgar DE, Andrulis IL, Schmutzler RK, Easton DF, Schmidt MK, Hahnen E, Simard J. Uncovering the Contribution of Moderate-Penetrance Susceptibility Genes to Breast Cancer by Whole-Exome Sequencing and Targeted Enrichment Sequencing of Candidate Genes in Women of European Ancestry. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14143363. [PMID: 35884425 PMCID: PMC9317824 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14143363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Rare variants in at least 10 genes, including BRCA1, BRCA2, PALB2, ATM, and CHEK2, are associated with increased risk of breast cancer; however, these variants, in combination with common variants identified through genome-wide association studies, explain only a fraction of the familial aggregation of the disease. To identify further susceptibility genes, we performed a two-stage whole-exome sequencing study. In the discovery stage, samples from 1528 breast cancer cases enriched for breast cancer susceptibility and 3733 geographically matched unaffected controls were sequenced. Using five different filtering and gene prioritization strategies, 198 genes were selected for further validation. These genes, and a panel of 32 known or suspected breast cancer susceptibility genes, were assessed in a validation set of 6211 cases and 6019 controls for their association with risk of breast cancer overall, and by estrogen receptor (ER) disease subtypes, using gene burden tests applied to loss-of-function and rare missense variants. Twenty genes showed nominal evidence of association (p-value < 0.05) with either overall or subtype-specific breast cancer. Our study had the statistical power to detect susceptibility genes with effect sizes similar to ATM, CHEK2, and PALB2, however, it was underpowered to identify genes in which susceptibility variants are rarer or confer smaller effect sizes. Larger sample sizes would be required in order to identify such genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martine Dumont
- Genomics Center, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, 2705 Laurier Boulevard, Quebec City, QC GIV 4G2, Canada; (M.D.); (C.J.-B.); (A.D.); (S.D.); (A.-C.C.-D.); (P.S.); (M.V.); (F.F.); (A.L.)
| | - Nana Weber-Lassalle
- Center for Familial Breast and Ovarian Cancer, Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (N.W.-L.); (C.E.); (R.K.S.); (E.H.)
| | - Charles Joly-Beauparlant
- Genomics Center, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, 2705 Laurier Boulevard, Quebec City, QC GIV 4G2, Canada; (M.D.); (C.J.-B.); (A.D.); (S.D.); (A.-C.C.-D.); (P.S.); (M.V.); (F.F.); (A.L.)
| | - Corinna Ernst
- Center for Familial Breast and Ovarian Cancer, Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (N.W.-L.); (C.E.); (R.K.S.); (E.H.)
| | - Arnaud Droit
- Genomics Center, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, 2705 Laurier Boulevard, Quebec City, QC GIV 4G2, Canada; (M.D.); (C.J.-B.); (A.D.); (S.D.); (A.-C.C.-D.); (P.S.); (M.V.); (F.F.); (A.L.)
| | - Bing-Jian Feng
- Department of Dermatology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84103, USA; (B.-J.F.); (D.E.G.)
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA;
| | - Stéphane Dubois
- Genomics Center, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, 2705 Laurier Boulevard, Quebec City, QC GIV 4G2, Canada; (M.D.); (C.J.-B.); (A.D.); (S.D.); (A.-C.C.-D.); (P.S.); (M.V.); (F.F.); (A.L.)
| | - Annie-Claude Collin-Deschesnes
- Genomics Center, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, 2705 Laurier Boulevard, Quebec City, QC GIV 4G2, Canada; (M.D.); (C.J.-B.); (A.D.); (S.D.); (A.-C.C.-D.); (P.S.); (M.V.); (F.F.); (A.L.)
| | - Penny Soucy
- Genomics Center, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, 2705 Laurier Boulevard, Quebec City, QC GIV 4G2, Canada; (M.D.); (C.J.-B.); (A.D.); (S.D.); (A.-C.C.-D.); (P.S.); (M.V.); (F.F.); (A.L.)
| | - Maxime Vallée
- Genomics Center, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, 2705 Laurier Boulevard, Quebec City, QC GIV 4G2, Canada; (M.D.); (C.J.-B.); (A.D.); (S.D.); (A.-C.C.-D.); (P.S.); (M.V.); (F.F.); (A.L.)
| | - Frédéric Fournier
- Genomics Center, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, 2705 Laurier Boulevard, Quebec City, QC GIV 4G2, Canada; (M.D.); (C.J.-B.); (A.D.); (S.D.); (A.-C.C.-D.); (P.S.); (M.V.); (F.F.); (A.L.)
| | - Audrey Lemaçon
- Genomics Center, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, 2705 Laurier Boulevard, Quebec City, QC GIV 4G2, Canada; (M.D.); (C.J.-B.); (A.D.); (S.D.); (A.-C.C.-D.); (P.S.); (M.V.); (F.F.); (A.L.)
| | - Muriel A. Adank
- Family Cancer Clinic, The Netherlands Cancer Institute—Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, 1066 Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.A.A.); (F.B.L.H.); (L.v.d.K.)
| | - Jamie Allen
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK; (J.A.); (M.K.B.); (S.C.); (P.D.P.P.); (Q.W.); (D.F.E.)
| | - Janine Altmüller
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; (J.A.); (H.T.)
| | - Norbert Arnold
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany;
| | - Margreet G. E. M. Ausems
- Division Laboratories, Pharmacy and Biomedical Genetics, Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Riccardo Berutti
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany; (R.B.); (T.M.S.)
| | - Manjeet K. Bolla
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK; (J.A.); (M.K.B.); (S.C.); (P.D.P.P.); (Q.W.); (D.F.E.)
| | - Shelley Bull
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada; (S.B.); (J.G.); (G.D.B.); (I.L.A.)
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 3M7, Canada
| | - Sara Carvalho
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK; (J.A.); (M.K.B.); (S.C.); (P.D.P.P.); (Q.W.); (D.F.E.)
| | - Sten Cornelissen
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute—Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, 1066 Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (S.C.); (R.K.); (M.K.S.)
| | - Michael R. Dufault
- Precision Medicine and Computational Biology, Sanofi Genzyme, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA;
| | - Alison M. Dunning
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK; (A.M.D.); (C.L.); (M.S.)
| | - Christoph Engel
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, 04107 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Andrea Gehrig
- Centre of Familial Breast and Ovarian Cancer, Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany;
| | | | - Christian Gieger
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (C.G.); (A.P.)
- Research Unit Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jessica Green
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada; (S.B.); (J.G.); (G.D.B.); (I.L.A.)
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada;
| | - Karl Hackmann
- Institute for Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany;
| | - Mohamed Helmy
- The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada;
- Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138632, Singapore
- Department of Computer Science, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Julia Hentschel
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Frans B. L. Hogervorst
- Family Cancer Clinic, The Netherlands Cancer Institute—Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, 1066 Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.A.A.); (F.B.L.H.); (L.v.d.K.)
| | - Antoinette Hollestelle
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, 3015 Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (A.H.); (M.J.H.); (J.W.M.M.)
| | - Maartje J. Hooning
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, 3015 Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (A.H.); (M.J.H.); (J.W.M.M.)
| | - Judit Horváth
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany;
| | - M. Arfan Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, 3015 Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Silke Kaulfuß
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany;
| | - Renske Keeman
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute—Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, 1066 Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (S.C.); (R.K.); (M.K.S.)
| | - Da Kuang
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada;
- The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada;
| | - Craig Luccarini
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK; (A.M.D.); (C.L.); (M.S.)
| | - Wolfgang Maier
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany;
| | - John W. M. Martens
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, 3015 Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (A.H.); (M.J.H.); (J.W.M.M.)
| | - Dieter Niederacher
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany;
| | - Peter Nürnberg
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany;
| | - Claus-Eric Ott
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Human Genetics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, 13353 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (C.G.); (A.P.)
- Department of Epidemiology, Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Paul D. P. Pharoah
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK; (J.A.); (M.K.B.); (S.C.); (P.D.P.P.); (Q.W.); (D.F.E.)
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK; (A.M.D.); (C.L.); (M.S.)
| | - Alfredo Ramirez
- Division for Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany;
| | - Juliane Ramser
- Division of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Klinikum Rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany; (J.R.); (A.M.)
| | - Steffi Riedel-Heller
- Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Gunnar Schmidt
- Institute of Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Mitul Shah
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK; (A.M.D.); (C.L.); (M.S.)
| | - Martin Scherer
- Department of Primary Medical Care, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Antje Stäbler
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany;
| | - Tim M. Strom
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany; (R.B.); (T.M.S.)
| | - Christian Sutter
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Holger Thiele
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; (J.A.); (H.T.)
| | - Christi J. van Asperen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 Leiden, The Netherlands; (C.J.v.A.); (R.B.v.d.L.)
| | - Lizet van der Kolk
- Family Cancer Clinic, The Netherlands Cancer Institute—Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, 1066 Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.A.A.); (F.B.L.H.); (L.v.d.K.)
| | - Rob B. van der Luijt
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 Leiden, The Netherlands; (C.J.v.A.); (R.B.v.d.L.)
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center, 3584 Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander E. Volk
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Michael Wagner
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany;
| | - Quinten Waisfisz
- Department of Human Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Qin Wang
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK; (J.A.); (M.K.B.); (S.C.); (P.D.P.P.); (Q.W.); (D.F.E.)
| | - Shan Wang-Gohrke
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany;
| | - Bernhard H. F. Weber
- Institute of Human Genetics, Regensburg University, 93053 Regensburg, Germany;
- Institute of Clinical Human Genetics, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Peter Devilee
- Department of Pathology, Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 Leiden, The Netherlands;
| | - Sean Tavtigian
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA;
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - Gary D. Bader
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada; (S.B.); (J.G.); (G.D.B.); (I.L.A.)
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada;
- The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada;
- Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
- Princess Margaret Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - Alfons Meindl
- Division of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Klinikum Rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany; (J.R.); (A.M.)
| | - David E. Goldgar
- Department of Dermatology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84103, USA; (B.-J.F.); (D.E.G.)
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA;
| | - Irene L. Andrulis
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada; (S.B.); (J.G.); (G.D.B.); (I.L.A.)
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada;
| | - Rita K. Schmutzler
- Center for Familial Breast and Ovarian Cancer, Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (N.W.-L.); (C.E.); (R.K.S.); (E.H.)
| | - Douglas F. Easton
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK; (J.A.); (M.K.B.); (S.C.); (P.D.P.P.); (Q.W.); (D.F.E.)
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK; (A.M.D.); (C.L.); (M.S.)
| | - Marjanka K. Schmidt
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute—Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, 1066 Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (S.C.); (R.K.); (M.K.S.)
- Division of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute—Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, 1066 Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eric Hahnen
- Center for Familial Breast and Ovarian Cancer, Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (N.W.-L.); (C.E.); (R.K.S.); (E.H.)
| | - Jacques Simard
- Genomics Center, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, 2705 Laurier Boulevard, Quebec City, QC GIV 4G2, Canada; (M.D.); (C.J.-B.); (A.D.); (S.D.); (A.-C.C.-D.); (P.S.); (M.V.); (F.F.); (A.L.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +418-654-2264
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Smid M, Schmidt MK, Prager - van der Smissen WJ, Ruigrok - Ritstier K, Cornelissen S, Schreurs MA, Collee JM, Adank MA, Hooning MJ, Martens JW, Hollestelle A. Abstract 3627: The genomic landscape of breast cancers from CHEK2 c.1100delC mutation carriers. Cancer Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-3627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Women who carry the germline CHEK2 c.1100delC mutation have a 2.3-fold increased life-time risk to develop breast cancer (BC). Their BCs are mostly of the luminal/ER+ subtype and diagnosed at a younger age than BCs in sporadic patients. BC patients carrying a CHEK2 c.1100delC mutation are at an increased risk of developing a contralateral BC and have a worse survival compared to sporadic BC patients although resistance to either endocrine or chemotherapy does not appear to play a role herein. To unravel the biological mechanism by which CHEK2 c.1100delC exerts its tumorigenic potential, whole genome sequencing was performed of matching normal and primary BC (pBC) DNA from twenty female CHEK2 c.1100delC mutation carriers at Hartwig Medical Foundation (HMF). We compared the somatic pBC genomes of these twenty patients to 560 pBC genomes from the International Cancer Genome Consortium including 30 BRCA1 and 25 BRCA2 mutation carriers and 329 sporadic ER+ pBC patients. The validation cohort consisted of 517 metastatic BC (mBC) genomes from the Center for Personalized Cancer Treatment that were sequenced at HMF and included 24 mBC genomes from CHEK2 c.1100delC mutation carriers. We found that CHEK2 pBC and mBC genomes were dissimilar to pBC and mBC genomes of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers and did not show evidence of a homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) phenotype. Instead, CHEK2 pBC and mBC genomes were very similar to genomes of sporadic ER+ pBC and mBC patients in terms of tumor mutational burden, single and double base substitution signatures as well as small insertion/deletion signatures. The size distribution of structural variants (SVs), however, was different for CHEK2 pBCs and mBCs compared with ER+ as well as BRCA1 and BRCA2 pBCs and mBCs. Importantly, the CHEK2 c.1100delC mutation was associated with an increased frequency of larger (> 1Mb) deletions, inversions and tandem duplications (TDs) with peaks at specific sizes. Although CHEK2 mBC genomes more frequently harbored chromothripsis compared with other mBC subtypes, this did not explain the CHEK2-specific SV size distribution pattern. Moreover, increased chromothripsis in CHEK2 mBC genomes was not associated with a higher frequency of somatic TP53 mutations. In fact, we did not observe any somatic TP53 mutations among CHEK2 pBC and mBC genomes. This mutual exclusiveness suggests CHEK2-driven tumorigenesis could act through the TP53 signaling pathway. To conclude, CHEK2 BC genomes do not harbor somatic TP53 mutations and display a unique SV size distribution profile. Moreover, the absence of an HRD phenotype among CHEK2 BC genomes suggests PARP inhibitors will not be effective for treatment of BC in CHEK2 c.1100delC mutation carriers. Increasing knowledge of the mechanisms of CHEK2-driven tumorigenesis may ultimately lead to the development of tailored strategies for treatment and prevention of BC for CHEK2 mutation carriers.
Citation Format: Marcel Smid, Marjanka K. Schmidt, Wendy J. Prager - van der Smissen, Kirsten Ruigrok - Ritstier, Sten Cornelissen, Maartje A. Schreurs, J. Margriet Collee, Muriel A. Adank, Maartje J. Hooning, John W. Martens, Antoinette Hollestelle. The genomic landscape of breast cancers from CHEK2 c.1100delC mutation carriers [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 3627.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Smid
- 1Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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10
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Dorling L, Carvalho S, Allen J, Parsons MT, Fortuno C, González-Neira A, Heijl SM, Adank MA, Ahearn TU, Andrulis IL, Auvinen P, Becher H, Beckmann MW, Behrens S, Bermisheva M, Bogdanova NV, Bojesen SE, Bolla MK, Bremer M, Briceno I, Camp NJ, Campbell A, Castelao JE, Chang-Claude J, Chanock SJ, Chenevix-Trench G, Collée JM, Czene K, Dennis J, Dörk T, Eriksson M, Evans DG, Fasching PA, Figueroa J, Flyger H, Gabrielson M, Gago-Dominguez M, García-Closas M, Giles GG, Glendon G, Guénel P, Gündert M, Hadjisavvas A, Hahnen E, Hall P, Hamann U, Harkness EF, Hartman M, Hogervorst FBL, Hollestelle A, Hoppe R, Howell A, Jakubowska A, Jung A, Khusnutdinova E, Kim SW, Ko YD, Kristensen VN, Lakeman IMM, Li J, Lindblom A, Loizidou MA, Lophatananon A, Lubiński J, Luccarini C, Madsen MJ, Mannermaa A, Manoochehri M, Margolin S, Mavroudis D, Milne RL, Mohd Taib NA, Muir K, Nevanlinna H, Newman WG, Oosterwijk JC, Park SK, Peterlongo P, Radice P, Saloustros E, Sawyer EJ, Schmutzler RK, Shah M, Sim X, Southey MC, Surowy H, Suvanto M, Tomlinson I, Torres D, Truong T, van Asperen CJ, Waltes R, Wang Q, Yang XR, Pharoah PDP, Schmidt MK, Benitez J, Vroling B, Dunning AM, Teo SH, Kvist A, de la Hoya M, Devilee P, Spurdle AB, Vreeswijk MPG, Easton DF. Breast cancer risks associated with missense variants in breast cancer susceptibility genes. Genome Med 2022; 14:51. [PMID: 35585550 PMCID: PMC9116026 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-022-01052-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protein truncating variants in ATM, BRCA1, BRCA2, CHEK2, and PALB2 are associated with increased breast cancer risk, but risks associated with missense variants in these genes are uncertain. METHODS We analyzed data on 59,639 breast cancer cases and 53,165 controls from studies participating in the Breast Cancer Association Consortium BRIDGES project. We sampled training (80%) and validation (20%) sets to analyze rare missense variants in ATM (1146 training variants), BRCA1 (644), BRCA2 (1425), CHEK2 (325), and PALB2 (472). We evaluated breast cancer risks according to five in silico prediction-of-deleteriousness algorithms, functional protein domain, and frequency, using logistic regression models and also mixture models in which a subset of variants was assumed to be risk-associated. RESULTS The most predictive in silico algorithms were Helix (BRCA1, BRCA2 and CHEK2) and CADD (ATM). Increased risks appeared restricted to functional protein domains for ATM (FAT and PIK domains) and BRCA1 (RING and BRCT domains). For ATM, BRCA1, and BRCA2, data were compatible with small subsets (approximately 7%, 2%, and 0.6%, respectively) of rare missense variants giving similar risk to those of protein truncating variants in the same gene. For CHEK2, data were more consistent with a large fraction (approximately 60%) of rare missense variants giving a lower risk (OR 1.75, 95% CI (1.47-2.08)) than CHEK2 protein truncating variants. There was little evidence for an association with risk for missense variants in PALB2. The best fitting models were well calibrated in the validation set. CONCLUSIONS These results will inform risk prediction models and the selection of candidate variants for functional assays and could contribute to the clinical reporting of gene panel testing for breast cancer susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Dorling
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Sara Carvalho
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Jamie Allen
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Michael T Parsons
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Cristina Fortuno
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Anna González-Neira
- Human Cancer Genetics Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Muriel A Adank
- Family Cancer Clinic, The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni Van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, 1066 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas U Ahearn
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Department of Health and Human Services, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Irene L Andrulis
- Fred A. Litwin Center for Cancer Genetics, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Päivi Auvinen
- Translational Cancer Research Area, University of Eastern Finland, 70210, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oncology, University of Eastern Finland, 70210, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Center, Kuopio University Hospital, 70210, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Heiko Becher
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Matthias W Beckmann
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sabine Behrens
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marina Bermisheva
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, 450054, Russia
| | - Natalia V Bogdanova
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
- Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
- N.N. Alexandrov Research Institute of Oncology and Medical Radiology, 223040, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Stig E Bojesen
- Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2730, Herlev, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2730, Herlev, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Manjeet K Bolla
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Michael Bremer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ignacio Briceno
- Medical Faculty, Universidad de La Sabana, 140013, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Nicola J Camp
- Department of Internal Medicine and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Archie Campbell
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics & Cancer, The University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
- Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4UX, UK
| | - Jose E Castelao
- Oncology and Genetics Unit, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria Galicia Sur (IISGS), Xerencia de Xestion Integrada de Vigo-SERGAS, 36312, Vigo, Spain
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Cancer Epidemiology Group, University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stephen J Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Department of Health and Human Services, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Georgia Chenevix-Trench
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - J Margriet Collée
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015 CN, The Netherlands
| | - Kamila Czene
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joe Dennis
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Thilo Dörk
- Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Mikael Eriksson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - D Gareth Evans
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK
- North West Genomics Laboratory Hub, Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK
- Nightingale & Genesis Prevention Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, M23 9LT, UK
- NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK
| | - Peter A Fasching
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), 91054, Erlangen, Germany
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Jonine Figueroa
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Department of Health and Human Services, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20850, USA
- Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4UX, UK
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Henrik Flyger
- Department of Breast Surgery, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2730, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Marike Gabrielson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Manuela Gago-Dominguez
- Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago, SERGAS, , 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Montserrat García-Closas
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Department of Health and Human Services, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Graham G Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - Gord Glendon
- Fred A. Litwin Center for Cancer Genetics, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Pascal Guénel
- Team "Exposome and Heredity", CESP, Inserm, Gustave Roussy, University Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Villejuif, France
| | - Melanie Gündert
- Molecular Epidemiology Group, C080, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Molecular Biology of Breast Cancer, University Womens Clinic Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Diabetes Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Hadjisavvas
- Cancer Genetics, Therapeutics and Ultrastructural Pathology, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, 2371, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, 2371, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Eric Hahnen
- Center for Familial Breast and Ovarian Cancer, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Per Hall
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Oncology, 118 83, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ute Hamann
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Elaine F Harkness
- Nightingale & Genesis Prevention Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, M23 9LT, UK
- NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK
- Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Mikael Hartman
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, 117549, Singapore
- Department of Surgery, National University Health System, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - Frans B L Hogervorst
- Family Cancer Clinic, The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni Van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, 1066 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Antoinette Hollestelle
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, 3015 GD, The Netherlands
| | - Reiner Hoppe
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, 70376, Stuttgart, Germany
- University of Tübingen, 72074, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anthony Howell
- NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK
- Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Anna Jakubowska
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-252, Szczecin, Poland
- Independent Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genetic Diagnostics, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-252, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Audrey Jung
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Elza Khusnutdinova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, 450054, Russia
- Department of Genetics and Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State University, Ufa, 450000, Russia
| | - Sung-Won Kim
- Department of Surgery, Daerim Saint Mary's Hospital, Seoul, 07442, Korea
| | - Yon-Dschun Ko
- Department of Internal Medicine, Johanniter GmbH Bonn, Johanniter Krankenhaus, 53113, Bonn, Germany
| | - Vessela N Kristensen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0450, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, 0379, Oslo, Norway
| | - Inge M M Lakeman
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Jingmei Li
- Department of Surgery, National University Health System, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
- Human Genetics Division, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, 138672, Singapore
| | - Annika Lindblom
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria A Loizidou
- Cancer Genetics, Therapeutics and Ultrastructural Pathology, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, 2371, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, 2371, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Artitaya Lophatananon
- Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Jan Lubiński
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-252, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Craig Luccarini
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Michael J Madsen
- Department of Internal Medicine and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Arto Mannermaa
- Translational Cancer Research Area, University of Eastern Finland, 70210, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70210, Kuopio, Finland
- Biobank of Eastern Finland, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mehdi Manoochehri
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sara Margolin
- Department of Oncology, 118 83, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, 118 83, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dimitrios Mavroudis
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Heraklion, 711 10, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Roger L Milne
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - Nur Aishah Mohd Taib
- Breast Cancer Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya Cancer Research Institute, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kenneth Muir
- Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Heli Nevanlinna
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - William G Newman
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK
- North West Genomics Laboratory Hub, Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK
- NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK
| | - Jan C Oosterwijk
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University Groningen, Groningen, 9713 GZ, The Netherlands
| | - Sue K Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
- Convergence Graduate Program in Innovative Medical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Paolo Peterlongo
- Genome Diagnostics Program, IFOM - the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, 20139, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Radice
- Unit of Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk and Genetic Testing, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Dei Tumori (INT), 20133, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Elinor J Sawyer
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Rita K Schmutzler
- Center for Familial Breast and Ovarian Cancer, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Mitul Shah
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Xueling Sim
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, 117549, Singapore
| | - Melissa C Southey
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
- Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Harald Surowy
- Molecular Epidemiology Group, C080, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Molecular Biology of Breast Cancer, University Womens Clinic Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maija Suvanto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ian Tomlinson
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics and Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Diana Torres
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, 110231, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Thérèse Truong
- Team "Exposome and Heredity", CESP, Inserm, Gustave Roussy, University Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Villejuif, France
| | - Christi J van Asperen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Regina Waltes
- Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Qin Wang
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Xiaohong R Yang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Department of Health and Human Services, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Paul D P Pharoah
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Marjanka K Schmidt
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni Van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, 1066 CX, The Netherlands
- Division of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni Van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, 1066 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Javier Benitez
- Human Cancer Genetics Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Network On Rare Diseases (CIBERER), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Bas Vroling
- Bio-Prodict, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Centre for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics (CMBI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Alison M Dunning
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Soo Hwang Teo
- Breast Cancer Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya Cancer Research Institute, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Breast Cancer Research Programme, Cancer Research Malaysia, Subang Jaya, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Anders Kvist
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, 22381, Lund, Sweden
| | - Miguel de la Hoya
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Hospital Clinico San Carlos, IdISSC (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos), 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Peter Devilee
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Amanda B Spurdle
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Maaike P G Vreeswijk
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Douglas F Easton
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK.
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK.
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Dareng EO, Tyrer JP, Barnes DR, Jones MR, Yang X, Aben KKH, Adank MA, Agata S, Andrulis IL, Anton-Culver H, Antonenkova NN, Aravantinos G, Arun BK, Augustinsson A, Balmaña J, Bandera EV, Barkardottir RB, Barrowdale D, Beckmann MW, Beeghly-Fadiel A, Benitez J, Bermisheva M, Bernardini MQ, Bjorge L, Black A, Bogdanova NV, Bonanni B, Borg A, Brenton JD, Budzilowska A, Butzow R, Buys SS, Cai H, Caligo MA, Campbell I, Cannioto R, Cassingham H, Chang-Claude J, Chanock SJ, Chen K, Chiew YE, Chung WK, Claes KBM, Colonna S, Cook LS, Couch FJ, Daly MB, Dao F, Davies E, de la Hoya M, de Putter R, Dennis J, DePersia A, Devilee P, Diez O, Ding YC, Doherty JA, Domchek SM, Dörk T, du Bois A, Dürst M, Eccles DM, Eliassen HA, Engel C, Evans GD, Fasching PA, Flanagan JM, Fortner RT, Machackova E, Friedman E, Ganz PA, Garber J, Gensini F, Giles GG, Glendon G, Godwin AK, Goodman MT, Greene MH, Gronwald J, Hahnen E, Haiman CA, Håkansson N, Hamann U, Hansen TVO, Harris HR, Hartman M, Heitz F, Hildebrandt MAT, Høgdall E, Høgdall CK, Hopper JL, Huang RY, Huff C, Hulick PJ, Huntsman DG, Imyanitov EN, Isaacs C, Jakubowska A, James PA, Janavicius R, Jensen A, Johannsson OT, John EM, Jones ME, Kang D, Karlan BY, Karnezis A, Kelemen LE, Khusnutdinova E, Kiemeney LA, Kim BG, Kjaer SK, Komenaka I, Kupryjanczyk J, Kurian AW, Kwong A, Lambrechts D, Larson MC, Lazaro C, Le ND, Leslie G, Lester J, Lesueur F, Levine DA, Li L, Li J, Loud JT, Lu KH, Lubiński J, Mai PL, Manoukian S, Marks JR, Matsuno RK, Matsuo K, May T, McGuffog L, McLaughlin JR, McNeish IA, Mebirouk N, Menon U, Miller A, Milne RL, Minlikeeva A, Modugno F, Montagna M, Moysich KB, Munro E, Nathanson KL, Neuhausen SL, Nevanlinna H, Yie JNY, Nielsen HR, Nielsen FC, Nikitina-Zake L, Odunsi K, Offit K, Olah E, Olbrecht S, Olopade OI, Olson SH, Olsson H, Osorio A, Papi L, Park SK, Parsons MT, Pathak H, Pedersen IS, Peixoto A, Pejovic T, Perez-Segura P, Permuth JB, Peshkin B, Peterlongo P, Piskorz A, Prokofyeva D, Radice P, Rantala J, Riggan MJ, Risch HA, Rodriguez-Antona C, Ross E, Rossing MA, Runnebaum I, Sandler DP, Santamariña M, Soucy P, Schmutzler RK, Setiawan VW, Shan K, Sieh W, Simard J, Singer CF, Sokolenko AP, Song H, Southey MC, Steed H, Stoppa-Lyonnet D, Sutphen R, Swerdlow AJ, Tan YY, Teixeira MR, Teo SH, Terry KL, Terry MB, Thomassen M, Thompson PJ, Thomsen LCV, Thull DL, Tischkowitz M, Titus L, Toland AE, Torres D, Trabert B, Travis R, Tung N, Tworoger SS, Valen E, van Altena AM, van der Hout AH, Van Nieuwenhuysen E, van Rensburg EJ, Vega A, Edwards DV, Vierkant RA, Wang F, Wappenschmidt B, Webb PM, Weinberg CR, Weitzel JN, Wentzensen N, White E, Whittemore AS, Winham SJ, Wolk A, Woo YL, Wu AH, Yan L, Yannoukakos D, Zavaglia KM, Zheng W, Ziogas A, Zorn KK, Kleibl Z, Easton D, Lawrenson K, DeFazio A, Sellers TA, Ramus SJ, Pearce CL, Monteiro AN, Cunningham J, Goode EL, Schildkraut JM, Berchuck A, Chenevix-Trench G, Gayther SA, Antoniou AC, Pharoah PDP. Correction: Polygenic risk modeling for prediction of epithelial ovarian cancer risk. Eur J Hum Genet 2022; 30:630-631. [PMID: 35314806 PMCID: PMC9090804 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-022-01085-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Eileen O Dareng
- University of Cambridge, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jonathan P Tyrer
- University of Cambridge, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Daniel R Barnes
- University of Cambridge, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Cambridge, UK
| | - Michelle R Jones
- Center for Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Xin Yang
- University of Cambridge, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Cambridge, UK
| | - Katja K H Aben
- Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organisation, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Muriel A Adank
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek hospital, Family Cancer Clinic, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Simona Agata
- Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Padua, Italy
| | - Irene L Andrulis
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Fred A. Litwin Center for Cancer Genetics, Toronto, ON, Canada
- University of Toronto, Department of Molecular Genetics, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hoda Anton-Culver
- University of California Irvine, Department of Epidemiology, Genetic Epidemiology Research Institute, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Natalia N Antonenkova
- N.N. Alexandrov Research Institute of Oncology and Medical Radiology, Minsk, Belarus
| | | | - Banu K Arun
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Breast Medical Oncology, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Annelie Augustinsson
- Lund University, Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund, Sweden
| | - Judith Balmaña
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Hereditary cancer Genetics Group, Barcelona, Spain
- University Hospital of Vall d'Hebron, Department of Medical Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisa V Bandera
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Cancer Prevention and Control Program, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Rosa B Barkardottir
- Landspitali University Hospital, Department of Pathology, Reykjavik, Iceland
- University of Iceland, BMC (Biomedical Centre), Faculty of Medicine, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Daniel Barrowdale
- University of Cambridge, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Cambridge, UK
| | - Matthias W Beckmann
- University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Comprehensive Cancer Center ER-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alicia Beeghly-Fadiel
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Javier Benitez
- Biomedical Network on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
- Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Human Cancer Genetics Programme, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina Bermisheva
- Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa, Russia
| | - Marcus Q Bernardini
- Princess Margaret Hospital, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Line Bjorge
- Haukeland University Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bergen, Norway
- University of Bergen, Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical Science, Bergen, Norway
| | - Amanda Black
- National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Natalia V Bogdanova
- N.N. Alexandrov Research Institute of Oncology and Medical Radiology, Minsk, Belarus
- Hannover Medical School, Department of Radiation Oncology, Hannover, Germany
- Hannover Medical School, Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover, Germany
| | - Bernardo Bonanni
- IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, Milan, Italy
| | - Ake Borg
- Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Department of Oncology, Lund, Sweden
| | - James D Brenton
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Agnieszka Budzilowska
- Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Diagnostics, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ralf Butzow
- University of Helsinki, Department of Pathology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Saundra S Buys
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Department of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Hui Cai
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Maria A Caligo
- University Hospital, SOD Genetica Molecolare, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ian Campbell
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rikki Cannioto
- Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Cancer Pathology & Prevention, Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Hayley Cassingham
- Division of Human Genetics, The Ohio State University, Department of Internal Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Heidelberg, Germany
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Cancer Epidemiology Group, University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stephen J Chanock
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kexin Chen
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Department of Epidemiology, Tianjin, China
| | - Yoke-Eng Chiew
- The University of Sydney, Centre for Cancer Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Westmead Hospital, Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Wendy K Chung
- Columbia University, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Sarah Colonna
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Department of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Linda S Cook
- University of New Mexico, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- Alberta Health Services, Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Fergus J Couch
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Mary B Daly
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Department of Clinical Genetics, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Fanny Dao
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Gynecology Service, Department of Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Miguel de la Hoya
- CIBERONC, Hospital Clinico San Carlos, IdISSC (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos), Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Madrid, Spain
| | - Robin de Putter
- Ghent University, Centre for Medical Genetics, Gent, Belgium
| | - Joe Dennis
- University of Cambridge, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Cambridge, UK
| | - Allison DePersia
- NorthShore University Health System, Center for Medical Genetics, Evanston, IL, USA
- The University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Peter Devilee
- Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Pathology, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Human Genetics, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Orland Diez
- Vall dHebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Oncogenetics Group, Barcelona, Spain
- University Hospital Vall dHebron, Clinical and Molecular Genetics Area, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yuan Chun Ding
- Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Department of Population Sciences, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer A Doherty
- University of Utah, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Department of Population Health Sciences, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Susan M Domchek
- University of Pennsylvania, Basser Center for BRCA, Abramson Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Thilo Dörk
- Hannover Medical School, Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover, Germany
| | - Andreas du Bois
- Ev. Kliniken Essen-Mitte (KEM), Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Essen, Germany
- Dr. Horst Schmidt Kliniken Wiesbaden, Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Matthias Dürst
- Jena University Hospital-Friedrich Schiller University, Department of Gynaecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Diana M Eccles
- University of Southampton, Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, UK
| | - Heather A Eliassen
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Boston, MA, USA
- Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christoph Engel
- University of Leipzig, Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, Leipzig, Germany
- University of Leipzig, LIFE-Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gareth D Evans
- University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester, UK
- St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, North West Genomics Laboratory Hub, Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Manchester, UK
| | - Peter A Fasching
- University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Comprehensive Cancer Center ER-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
- University of California at Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine Division of Hematology and Oncology, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - James M Flanagan
- Imperial College London, Division of Cancer and Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, London, UK
| | - Renée T Fortner
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eva Machackova
- Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Eitan Friedman
- Chaim Sheba Medical Center, The Susanne Levy Gertner Oncogenetics Unit, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Tel Aviv University, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Ramat Aviv, Israel
| | - Patricia A Ganz
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Centre, UCLA, Schools of Medicine and Public Health, Division of Cancer Prevention & Control Research, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Judy Garber
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Cancer Risk and Prevention Clinic, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Francesca Gensini
- University of Florence, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences 'Mario Serio', Medical Genetics Unit, Florence, Italy
| | - Graham G Giles
- Cancer Council Victoria, Cancer Epidemiology Division, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Monash University, Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Gord Glendon
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Fred A. Litwin Center for Cancer Genetics, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Andrew K Godwin
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Marc T Goodman
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cancer Prevention and Genetics Program, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mark H Greene
- National Cancer Institute, Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jacek Gronwald
- Pomeranian Medical University, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Eric Hahnen
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Center for Familial Breast and Ovarian Cancer, Cologne, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), Cologne, Germany
| | - Christopher A Haiman
- University of Southern California, Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Niclas Håkansson
- Karolinska Institutet, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ute Hamann
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas V O Hansen
- Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Department of Clinical Genetics, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Holly R Harris
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Program in Epidemiology, Division of Public Health Sciences, Seattle, WA, USA
- University of Washington, Department of Epidemiology, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mikael Hartman
- National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, Singapore, Singapore
- National University Health System, Department of Surgery, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Florian Heitz
- Ev. Kliniken Essen-Mitte (KEM), Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Essen, Germany
- Dr. Horst Schmidt Kliniken Wiesbaden, Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Wiesbaden, Germany
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department for Gynecology with the Center for Oncologic Surgery Charité Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Estrid Høgdall
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Department of Virus, Lifestyle and Genes, Copenhagen, Denmark
- University of Copenhagen, Molecular Unit, Department of Pathology, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Claus K Høgdall
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Gynaecology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - John L Hopper
- The University of Melbourne, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ruea-Yea Huang
- Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Center For Immunotherapy, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Chad Huff
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Epidemiology, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Peter J Hulick
- NorthShore University Health System, Center for Medical Genetics, Evanston, IL, USA
- The University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - David G Huntsman
- BC Cancer, Vancouver General Hospital, and University of British Columbia, British Columbia's Ovarian Cancer Research (OVCARE) Program, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- University of British Columbia, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- University of British Columbia, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- BC Cancer Research Centre, Department of Molecular Oncology, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Claudine Isaacs
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Anna Jakubowska
- Pomeranian Medical University, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Szczecin, Poland
- Pomeranian Medical University, Independent Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genetic Diagnostics, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Paul A James
- The University of Melbourne, Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, Parkville Familial Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ramunas Janavicius
- Vilnius University Hospital Santariskiu Clinics, Hematology, oncology and transfusion medicine center, Dept. of Molecular and Regenerative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania
- State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Allan Jensen
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Department of Virus, Lifestyle and Genes, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Esther M John
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Michael E Jones
- The Institute of Cancer Research, Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, London, UK
| | - Daehee Kang
- Seoul National University College of Medicine, Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Seoul National University Graduate School, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
- Seoul National University, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul, Korea
| | - Beth Y Karlan
- University of California at Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Anthony Karnezis
- UC Davis Medical Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Linda E Kelemen
- Medical University of South Carolina, Hollings Cancer Center, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Elza Khusnutdinova
- Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa, Russia
- Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Lambertus A Kiemeney
- Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Byoung-Gie Kim
- Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Susanne K Kjaer
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Department of Virus, Lifestyle and Genes, Copenhagen, Denmark
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Gynaecology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ian Komenaka
- City of Hope Clinical Cancer Genetics Community Research Network, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Jolanta Kupryjanczyk
- Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Diagnostics, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Allison W Kurian
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ava Kwong
- Cancer Genetics Centre, Hong Kong Hereditary Breast Cancer Family Registry, Happy Valley, Hong Kong
- The University of Hong Kong, Department of Surgery, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
- Hong Kong Sanatorium and Hospital, Department of Surgery, Happy Valley, Hong Kong
| | - Diether Lambrechts
- VIB Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven, Belgium
- University of Leuven, Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Melissa C Larson
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Health Sciences Research, Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Conxi Lazaro
- ONCOBELL-IDIBELL-IGTP, Catalan Institute of Oncology, CIBERONC, Hereditary Cancer Program, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nhu D Le
- BC Cancer, Cancer Control Research, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Goska Leslie
- University of Cambridge, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jenny Lester
- University of California at Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Fabienne Lesueur
- Institut Curie, Paris, France
- Mines ParisTech, Fontainebleau, France
- Inserm U900, Genetic Epidemiology of Cancer team, Paris, France
| | - Douglas A Levine
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Gynecology Service, Department of Surgery, New York, NY, USA
- NYU Langone Medical Center, Gynecologic Oncology, Laura and Isaac Pearlmutter Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lian Li
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Department of Epidemiology, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingmei Li
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Human Genetics Division, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jennifer T Loud
- National Cancer Institute, Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Karen H Lu
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Clinical Cancer Genetics Program, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jan Lubiński
- Pomeranian Medical University, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Phuong L Mai
- Magee-Womens Hospital, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Siranoush Manoukian
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Milan, Italy
| | - Jeffrey R Marks
- Duke University Hospital, Department of Surgery, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Rayna Kim Matsuno
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Cancer Epidemiology Program, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Keitaro Matsuo
- Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Nagoya, Japan
- Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Taymaa May
- Princess Margaret Hospital, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lesley McGuffog
- University of Cambridge, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Cambridge, UK
| | - John R McLaughlin
- Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Public Health Ontario, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Iain A McNeish
- Imperial College London, Division of Cancer and Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Department Surgery & Cancer, London, UK
- University of Glasgow, Institute of Cancer Sciences, Glasgow, UK
| | - Noura Mebirouk
- Institut Curie, Paris, France
- Mines ParisTech, Fontainebleau, France
- Inserm U900, Genetic Epidemiology of Cancer team, Paris, France
| | - Usha Menon
- University College London, MRC Clinical Trials Unit at UCL, Institute of Clinical Trials & Methodology, London, UK
| | - Austin Miller
- Roswell Park Cancer Institute, NRG Oncology, Statistics and Data Management Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Roger L Milne
- Cancer Council Victoria, Cancer Epidemiology Division, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Monash University, Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Albina Minlikeeva
- Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Francesmary Modugno
- Magee-Womens Research Institute and Hillman Cancer Center, Womens Cancer Research Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Marco Montagna
- Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Padua, Italy
| | - Kirsten B Moysich
- Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Elizabeth Munro
- Oregon Health & Science University, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Portland, OR, USA
- Oregon Health & Science University, Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Katherine L Nathanson
- University of Pennsylvania, Basser Center for BRCA, Abramson Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Susan L Neuhausen
- Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Department of Population Sciences, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Heli Nevanlinna
- University of Helsinki, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Joanne Ngeow Yuen Yie
- National Cancer Centre, Cancer Genetics Service, Singapore, Singapore
- Nanyang Technological University, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Finn C Nielsen
- Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Department of Clinical Genetics, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Kunle Odunsi
- Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Kenneth Offit
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Clinical Genetics Research Lab, Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, New York, NY, USA
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Clinical Genetics Service, Department of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Edith Olah
- National Institute of Oncology, Department of Molecular Genetics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Siel Olbrecht
- University Hospitals Leuven, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Leuven Cancer Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Sara H Olson
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, New York, NY, USA
| | - Håkan Olsson
- Lund University, Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ana Osorio
- Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Human Cancer Genetics Programme, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Papi
- University of Florence, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences 'Mario Serio', Medical Genetics Unit, Florence, Italy
| | - Sue K Park
- Seoul National University College of Medicine, Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Seoul National University Graduate School, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
- Seoul National University, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul, Korea
| | - Michael T Parsons
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Harsha Pathak
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Inge Sokilde Pedersen
- Aalborg University Hospital, Molecular Diagnostics, Aalborg, Denmark
- Aalborg University Hospital, Clinical Cancer Research Center, Aalborg, Denmark
- Aalborg University, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Ana Peixoto
- Portuguese Oncology Institute, Department of Genetics, Porto, Portugal
| | - Tanja Pejovic
- Oregon Health & Science University, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Portland, OR, USA
- Oregon Health & Science University, Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Pedro Perez-Segura
- CIBERONC, Hospital Clinico San Carlos, IdISSC (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos), Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jennifer B Permuth
- Moffitt Cancer Center, Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Beth Peshkin
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Paolo Peterlongo
- IFOM-the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Genome Diagnostics Program, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Piskorz
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Darya Prokofyeva
- Bashkir State University, Department of Genetics and Fundamental Medicine, Ufa, Russia
| | - Paolo Radice
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori (INT), Unit of Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk and Genetic Testing, Department of Research, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Marjorie J Riggan
- Duke University Hospital, Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Harvey A Risch
- Yale School of Public Health, Chronic Disease Epidemiology, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Cristina Rodriguez-Antona
- Biomedical Network on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
- Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Human Cancer Genetics Programme, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eric Ross
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Population Studies Facility, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mary Anne Rossing
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Program in Epidemiology, Division of Public Health Sciences, Seattle, WA, USA
- University of Washington, Department of Epidemiology, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ingo Runnebaum
- Jena University Hospital-Friedrich Schiller University, Department of Gynaecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Dale P Sandler
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Epidemiology Branch, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Marta Santamariña
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
- Fundación Pública Galega Medicina Xenómica, Santiago De Compostela, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago De Compostela, Spain
| | - Penny Soucy
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec - Université Laval Research Center, Genomics Center, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Rita K Schmutzler
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Center for Familial Breast and Ovarian Cancer, Cologne, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), Cologne, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Cologne, Germany
| | - V Wendy Setiawan
- University of Southern California, Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kang Shan
- Hebei Medical University, Fourth Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Weiva Sieh
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Population Health Science and Policy, New York, NY, USA
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jacques Simard
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Genomic Center, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Christian F Singer
- Medical University of Vienna, Dept of OB/GYN and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Honglin Song
- University of Cambridge, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Cambridge, UK
| | - Melissa C Southey
- Cancer Council Victoria, Cancer Epidemiology Division, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Monash University, Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Department of Clinical Pathology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Helen Steed
- Royal Alexandra Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Dominique Stoppa-Lyonnet
- INSERM U830, Department of Tumour Biology, Paris, France
- Institut Curie, Service de Génétique, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Rebecca Sutphen
- University of South Florida, Epidemiology Center, College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Anthony J Swerdlow
- The Institute of Cancer Research, Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, London, UK
- The Institute of Cancer Research, Division of Breast Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Yen Yen Tan
- Medical University of Vienna, Dept of OB/GYN and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vienna, Austria
| | - Manuel R Teixeira
- Portuguese Oncology Institute, Department of Genetics, Porto, Portugal
- University of Porto, Biomedical Sciences Institute (ICBAS), Porto, Portugal
| | - Soo Hwang Teo
- Cancer Research Malaysia, Breast Cancer Research Programme, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
- University of Malaya, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kathryn L Terry
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Boston, MA, USA
- Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Obstetrics and Gynecology Epidemiology Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mary Beth Terry
- Columbia University, Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mads Thomassen
- Odense University Hospital, Department of Clinical Genetics, Odence C, Denmark
| | - Pamela J Thompson
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cancer Prevention and Genetics Program, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Liv Cecilie Vestrheim Thomsen
- Haukeland University Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bergen, Norway
- University of Bergen, Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical Science, Bergen, Norway
| | - Darcy L Thull
- Magee-Womens Hospital, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Marc Tischkowitz
- McGill University, Program in Cancer Genetics, Departments of Human Genetics and Oncology, Montréal, QC, Canada
- University of Cambridge, Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge, UK
| | - Linda Titus
- Dartmouth College, Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Amanda E Toland
- The Ohio State University, Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Diana Torres
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, Heidelberg, Germany
- Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Institute of Human Genetics, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Britton Trabert
- National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ruth Travis
- University of Oxford, Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Oxford, UK
| | - Nadine Tung
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Medical Oncology, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shelley S Tworoger
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Boston, MA, USA
- Moffitt Cancer Center, Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Ellen Valen
- Haukeland University Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bergen, Norway
- University of Bergen, Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical Science, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anne M van Altena
- Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Annemieke H van der Hout
- University Medical Center Groningen, University Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Els Van Nieuwenhuysen
- University Hospitals Leuven, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Leuven Cancer Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Ana Vega
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
- Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago, SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Digna Velez Edwards
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Division of Quantitative Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Women's Health Research, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Robert A Vierkant
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Health Sciences Research, Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Frances Wang
- Duke Cancer Institute, Cancer Control and Population Sciences, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke University Hospital, Department of Community and Family Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Barbara Wappenschmidt
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Center for Familial Breast and Ovarian Cancer, Cologne, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), Cologne, Germany
| | - Penelope M Webb
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Population Health Department, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Clarice R Weinberg
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | | | - Nicolas Wentzensen
- National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Emily White
- University of Washington, Department of Epidemiology, Seattle, WA, USA
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alice S Whittemore
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Stacey J Winham
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Health Sciences Research, Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Alicja Wolk
- Karolinska Institutet, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
- Uppsala University, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Yin-Ling Woo
- University of Malaya, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Anna H Wu
- University of Southern California, Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Li Yan
- Hebei Medical University, Fourth Hospital, Department of Molecular Biology, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Drakoulis Yannoukakos
- National Centre for Scientific Research 'Demokritos', Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, INRASTES, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Wei Zheng
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Argyrios Ziogas
- University of California Irvine, Department of Epidemiology, Genetic Epidemiology Research Institute, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Kristin K Zorn
- Magee-Womens Hospital, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Zdenek Kleibl
- Institute of Biochemistry and Experimental Oncology, First Faculty od Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Douglas Easton
- University of Cambridge, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Cambridge, UK
- University of Cambridge, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kate Lawrenson
- Center for Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Centre, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Anna DeFazio
- The University of Sydney, Centre for Cancer Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Westmead Hospital, Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Susan J Ramus
- University of NSW Sydney, School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- University of NSW Sydney, Adult Cancer Program, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Celeste L Pearce
- University of Michigan School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alvaro N Monteiro
- Moffitt Cancer Center, Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Julie Cunningham
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Health Science Research, Division of Epidemiology, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ellen L Goode
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Health Science Research, Division of Epidemiology, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Joellen M Schildkraut
- Emory University, Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Andrew Berchuck
- Duke University Hospital, Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Georgia Chenevix-Trench
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Simon A Gayther
- Center for Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Antonis C Antoniou
- University of Cambridge, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Cambridge, UK
| | - Paul D P Pharoah
- University of Cambridge, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Cambridge, UK.
- University of Cambridge, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, Cambridge, UK.
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Dareng EO, Tyrer JP, Barnes DR, Jones MR, Yang X, Aben KKH, Adank MA, Agata S, Andrulis IL, Anton-Culver H, Antonenkova NN, Aravantinos G, Arun BK, Augustinsson A, Balmaña J, Bandera EV, Barkardottir RB, Barrowdale D, Beckmann MW, Beeghly-Fadiel A, Benitez J, Bermisheva M, Bernardini MQ, Bjorge L, Black A, Bogdanova NV, Bonanni B, Borg A, Brenton JD, Budzilowska A, Butzow R, Buys SS, Cai H, Caligo MA, Campbell I, Cannioto R, Cassingham H, Chang-Claude J, Chanock SJ, Chen K, Chiew YE, Chung WK, Claes KBM, Colonna S, Cook LS, Couch FJ, Daly MB, Dao F, Davies E, de la Hoya M, de Putter R, Dennis J, DePersia A, Devilee P, Diez O, Ding YC, Doherty JA, Domchek SM, Dörk T, du Bois A, Dürst M, Eccles DM, Eliassen HA, Engel C, Evans GD, Fasching PA, Flanagan JM, Fortner RT, Machackova E, Friedman E, Ganz PA, Garber J, Gensini F, Giles GG, Glendon G, Godwin AK, Goodman MT, Greene MH, Gronwald J, Hahnen E, Haiman CA, Håkansson N, Hamann U, Hansen TVO, Harris HR, Hartman M, Heitz F, Hildebrandt MAT, Høgdall E, Høgdall CK, Hopper JL, Huang RY, Huff C, Hulick PJ, Huntsman DG, Imyanitov EN, Isaacs C, Jakubowska A, James PA, Janavicius R, Jensen A, Johannsson OT, John EM, Jones ME, Kang D, Karlan BY, Karnezis A, Kelemen LE, Khusnutdinova E, Kiemeney LA, Kim BG, Kjaer SK, Komenaka I, Kupryjanczyk J, Kurian AW, Kwong A, Lambrechts D, Larson MC, Lazaro C, Le ND, Leslie G, Lester J, Lesueur F, Levine DA, Li L, Li J, Loud JT, Lu KH, Lubiński J, Mai PL, Manoukian S, Marks JR, Matsuno RK, Matsuo K, May T, McGuffog L, McLaughlin JR, McNeish IA, Mebirouk N, Menon U, Miller A, Milne RL, Minlikeeva A, Modugno F, Montagna M, Moysich KB, Munro E, Nathanson KL, Neuhausen SL, Nevanlinna H, Yie JNY, Nielsen HR, Nielsen FC, Nikitina-Zake L, Odunsi K, Offit K, Olah E, Olbrecht S, Olopade OI, Olson SH, Olsson H, Osorio A, Papi L, Park SK, Parsons MT, Pathak H, Pedersen IS, Peixoto A, Pejovic T, Perez-Segura P, Permuth JB, Peshkin B, Peterlongo P, Piskorz A, Prokofyeva D, Radice P, Rantala J, Riggan MJ, Risch HA, Rodriguez-Antona C, Ross E, Rossing MA, Runnebaum I, Sandler DP, Santamariña M, Soucy P, Schmutzler RK, Setiawan VW, Shan K, Sieh W, Simard J, Singer CF, Sokolenko AP, Song H, Southey MC, Steed H, Stoppa-Lyonnet D, Sutphen R, Swerdlow AJ, Tan YY, Teixeira MR, Teo SH, Terry KL, Terry MB, Thomassen M, Thompson PJ, Thomsen LCV, Thull DL, Tischkowitz M, Titus L, Toland AE, Torres D, Trabert B, Travis R, Tung N, Tworoger SS, Valen E, van Altena AM, van der Hout AH, Van Nieuwenhuysen E, van Rensburg EJ, Vega A, Edwards DV, Vierkant RA, Wang F, Wappenschmidt B, Webb PM, Weinberg CR, Weitzel JN, Wentzensen N, White E, Whittemore AS, Winham SJ, Wolk A, Woo YL, Wu AH, Yan L, Yannoukakos D, Zavaglia KM, Zheng W, Ziogas A, Zorn KK, Kleibl Z, Easton D, Lawrenson K, DeFazio A, Sellers TA, Ramus SJ, Pearce CL, Monteiro AN, Cunningham J, Goode EL, Schildkraut JM, Berchuck A, Chenevix-Trench G, Gayther SA, Antoniou AC, Pharoah PDP. Polygenic risk modeling for prediction of epithelial ovarian cancer risk. Eur J Hum Genet 2022; 30:349-362. [PMID: 35027648 PMCID: PMC8904525 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-021-00987-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Polygenic risk scores (PRS) for epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) have the potential to improve risk stratification. Joint estimation of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) effects in models could improve predictive performance over standard approaches of PRS construction. Here, we implemented computationally efficient, penalized, logistic regression models (lasso, elastic net, stepwise) to individual level genotype data and a Bayesian framework with continuous shrinkage, "select and shrink for summary statistics" (S4), to summary level data for epithelial non-mucinous ovarian cancer risk prediction. We developed the models in a dataset consisting of 23,564 non-mucinous EOC cases and 40,138 controls participating in the Ovarian Cancer Association Consortium (OCAC) and validated the best models in three populations of different ancestries: prospective data from 198,101 women of European ancestries; 7,669 women of East Asian ancestries; 1,072 women of African ancestries, and in 18,915 BRCA1 and 12,337 BRCA2 pathogenic variant carriers of European ancestries. In the external validation data, the model with the strongest association for non-mucinous EOC risk derived from the OCAC model development data was the S4 model (27,240 SNPs) with odds ratios (OR) of 1.38 (95% CI: 1.28-1.48, AUC: 0.588) per unit standard deviation, in women of European ancestries; 1.14 (95% CI: 1.08-1.19, AUC: 0.538) in women of East Asian ancestries; 1.38 (95% CI: 1.21-1.58, AUC: 0.593) in women of African ancestries; hazard ratios of 1.36 (95% CI: 1.29-1.43, AUC: 0.592) in BRCA1 pathogenic variant carriers and 1.49 (95% CI: 1.35-1.64, AUC: 0.624) in BRCA2 pathogenic variant carriers. Incorporation of the S4 PRS in risk prediction models for ovarian cancer may have clinical utility in ovarian cancer prevention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eileen O Dareng
- University of Cambridge, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jonathan P Tyrer
- University of Cambridge, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Daniel R Barnes
- University of Cambridge, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Cambridge, UK
| | - Michelle R Jones
- Center for Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Xin Yang
- University of Cambridge, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Cambridge, UK
| | - Katja K H Aben
- Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organisation, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Muriel A Adank
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek hospital, Family Cancer Clinic, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Simona Agata
- Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Padua, Italy
| | - Irene L Andrulis
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Fred A. Litwin Center for Cancer Genetics, Toronto, ON, Canada
- University of Toronto, Department of Molecular Genetics, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hoda Anton-Culver
- University of California Irvine, Department of Epidemiology, Genetic Epidemiology Research Institute, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Natalia N Antonenkova
- N.N. Alexandrov Research Institute of Oncology and Medical Radiology, Minsk, Belarus
| | | | - Banu K Arun
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Breast Medical Oncology, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Annelie Augustinsson
- Lund University, Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund, Sweden
| | - Judith Balmaña
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Hereditary cancer Genetics Group, Barcelona, Spain
- University Hospital of Vall d'Hebron, Department of Medical Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisa V Bandera
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Cancer Prevention and Control Program, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Rosa B Barkardottir
- Landspitali University Hospital, Department of Pathology, Reykjavik, Iceland
- University of Iceland, BMC (Biomedical Centre), Faculty of Medicine, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Daniel Barrowdale
- University of Cambridge, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Cambridge, UK
| | - Matthias W Beckmann
- University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Comprehensive Cancer Center ER-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alicia Beeghly-Fadiel
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Javier Benitez
- Biomedical Network on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
- Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Human Cancer Genetics Programme, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina Bermisheva
- Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa, Russia
| | - Marcus Q Bernardini
- Princess Margaret Hospital, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Line Bjorge
- Haukeland University Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bergen, Norway
- University of Bergen, Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical Science, Bergen, Norway
| | - Amanda Black
- National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Natalia V Bogdanova
- N.N. Alexandrov Research Institute of Oncology and Medical Radiology, Minsk, Belarus
- Hannover Medical School, Department of Radiation Oncology, Hannover, Germany
- Hannover Medical School, Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover, Germany
| | - Bernardo Bonanni
- IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, Milan, Italy
| | - Ake Borg
- Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Department of Oncology, Lund, Sweden
| | - James D Brenton
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Agnieszka Budzilowska
- Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Diagnostics, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ralf Butzow
- University of Helsinki, Department of Pathology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Saundra S Buys
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Department of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Hui Cai
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Maria A Caligo
- University Hospital, SOD Genetica Molecolare, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ian Campbell
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rikki Cannioto
- Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Cancer Pathology & Prevention, Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Hayley Cassingham
- Division of Human Genetics, The Ohio State University, Department of Internal Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Heidelberg, Germany
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Cancer Epidemiology Group, University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stephen J Chanock
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kexin Chen
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Department of Epidemiology, Tianjin, China
| | - Yoke-Eng Chiew
- The University of Sydney, Centre for Cancer Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Westmead Hospital, Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Wendy K Chung
- Columbia University, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Sarah Colonna
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Department of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Linda S Cook
- University of New Mexico, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- Alberta Health Services, Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Fergus J Couch
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Mary B Daly
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Department of Clinical Genetics, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Fanny Dao
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Gynecology Service, Department of Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Miguel de la Hoya
- CIBERONC, Hospital Clinico San Carlos, IdISSC (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos), Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Madrid, Spain
| | - Robin de Putter
- Ghent University, Centre for Medical Genetics, Gent, Belgium
| | - Joe Dennis
- University of Cambridge, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Cambridge, UK
| | - Allison DePersia
- NorthShore University Health System, Center for Medical Genetics, Evanston, IL, USA
- The University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Peter Devilee
- Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Pathology, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Human Genetics, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Orland Diez
- Vall dHebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Oncogenetics Group, Barcelona, Spain
- University Hospital Vall dHebron, Clinical and Molecular Genetics Area, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yuan Chun Ding
- Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Department of Population Sciences, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer A Doherty
- University of Utah, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Department of Population Health Sciences, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Susan M Domchek
- University of Pennsylvania, Basser Center for BRCA, Abramson Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Thilo Dörk
- Hannover Medical School, Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover, Germany
| | - Andreas du Bois
- Ev. Kliniken Essen-Mitte (KEM), Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Essen, Germany
- Dr. Horst Schmidt Kliniken Wiesbaden, Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Matthias Dürst
- Jena University Hospital-Friedrich Schiller University, Department of Gynaecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Diana M Eccles
- University of Southampton, Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, UK
| | - Heather A Eliassen
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Boston, MA, USA
- Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christoph Engel
- University of Leipzig, Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, Leipzig, Germany
- University of Leipzig, LIFE-Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gareth D Evans
- University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester, UK
- St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, North West Genomics Laboratory Hub, Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Manchester, UK
| | - Peter A Fasching
- University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Comprehensive Cancer Center ER-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
- University of California at Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine Division of Hematology and Oncology, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - James M Flanagan
- Imperial College London, Division of Cancer and Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, London, UK
| | - Renée T Fortner
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eva Machackova
- Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Eitan Friedman
- Chaim Sheba Medical Center, The Susanne Levy Gertner Oncogenetics Unit, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Tel Aviv University, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Ramat Aviv, Israel
| | - Patricia A Ganz
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Centre, UCLA, Schools of Medicine and Public Health, Division of Cancer Prevention & Control Research, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Judy Garber
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Cancer Risk and Prevention Clinic, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Francesca Gensini
- University of Florence, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences 'Mario Serio', Medical Genetics Unit, Florence, Italy
| | - Graham G Giles
- Cancer Council Victoria, Cancer Epidemiology Division, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Monash University, Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Gord Glendon
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Fred A. Litwin Center for Cancer Genetics, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Andrew K Godwin
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Marc T Goodman
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cancer Prevention and Genetics Program, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mark H Greene
- National Cancer Institute, Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jacek Gronwald
- Pomeranian Medical University, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Eric Hahnen
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Center for Familial Breast and Ovarian Cancer, Cologne, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), Cologne, Germany
| | - Christopher A Haiman
- University of Southern California, Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Niclas Håkansson
- Karolinska Institutet, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ute Hamann
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas V O Hansen
- Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Department of Clinical Genetics, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Holly R Harris
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Program in Epidemiology, Division of Public Health Sciences, Seattle, WA, USA
- University of Washington, Department of Epidemiology, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mikael Hartman
- National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, Singapore, Singapore
- National University Health System, Department of Surgery, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Florian Heitz
- Ev. Kliniken Essen-Mitte (KEM), Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Essen, Germany
- Dr. Horst Schmidt Kliniken Wiesbaden, Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Wiesbaden, Germany
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department for Gynecology with the Center for Oncologic Surgery Charité Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Estrid Høgdall
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Department of Virus, Lifestyle and Genes, Copenhagen, Denmark
- University of Copenhagen, Molecular Unit, Department of Pathology, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Claus K Høgdall
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Gynaecology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - John L Hopper
- The University of Melbourne, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ruea-Yea Huang
- Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Center For Immunotherapy, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Chad Huff
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Epidemiology, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Peter J Hulick
- NorthShore University Health System, Center for Medical Genetics, Evanston, IL, USA
- The University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - David G Huntsman
- BC Cancer, Vancouver General Hospital, and University of British Columbia, British Columbia's Ovarian Cancer Research (OVCARE) Program, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- University of British Columbia, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- University of British Columbia, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- BC Cancer Research Centre, Department of Molecular Oncology, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Claudine Isaacs
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Anna Jakubowska
- Pomeranian Medical University, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Szczecin, Poland
- Pomeranian Medical University, Independent Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genetic Diagnostics, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Paul A James
- The University of Melbourne, Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, Parkville Familial Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ramunas Janavicius
- Vilnius University Hospital Santariskiu Clinics, Hematology, oncology and transfusion medicine center, Dept. of Molecular and Regenerative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania
- State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Allan Jensen
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Department of Virus, Lifestyle and Genes, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Esther M John
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Michael E Jones
- The Institute of Cancer Research, Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, London, UK
| | - Daehee Kang
- Seoul National University College of Medicine, Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Seoul National University Graduate School, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
- Seoul National University, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul, Korea
| | - Beth Y Karlan
- University of California at Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Anthony Karnezis
- UC Davis Medical Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Linda E Kelemen
- Medical University of South Carolina, Hollings Cancer Center, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Elza Khusnutdinova
- Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa, Russia
- Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Lambertus A Kiemeney
- Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Byoung-Gie Kim
- Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Susanne K Kjaer
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Department of Virus, Lifestyle and Genes, Copenhagen, Denmark
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Gynaecology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ian Komenaka
- City of Hope Clinical Cancer Genetics Community Research Network, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Jolanta Kupryjanczyk
- Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Diagnostics, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Allison W Kurian
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ava Kwong
- Cancer Genetics Centre, Hong Kong Hereditary Breast Cancer Family Registry, Happy Valley, Hong Kong
- The University of Hong Kong, Department of Surgery, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
- Hong Kong Sanatorium and Hospital, Department of Surgery, Happy Valley, Hong Kong
| | - Diether Lambrechts
- VIB Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven, Belgium
- University of Leuven, Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Melissa C Larson
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Health Sciences Research, Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Conxi Lazaro
- ONCOBELL-IDIBELL-IGTP, Catalan Institute of Oncology, CIBERONC, Hereditary Cancer Program, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nhu D Le
- BC Cancer, Cancer Control Research, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Goska Leslie
- University of Cambridge, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jenny Lester
- University of California at Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Fabienne Lesueur
- Institut Curie, Paris, France
- Mines ParisTech, Fontainebleau, France
- Inserm U900, Genetic Epidemiology of Cancer team, Paris, France
| | - Douglas A Levine
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Gynecology Service, Department of Surgery, New York, NY, USA
- NYU Langone Medical Center, Gynecologic Oncology, Laura and Isaac Pearlmutter Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lian Li
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Department of Epidemiology, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingmei Li
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Human Genetics Division, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jennifer T Loud
- National Cancer Institute, Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Karen H Lu
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Clinical Cancer Genetics Program, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jan Lubiński
- Pomeranian Medical University, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Phuong L Mai
- Magee-Womens Hospital, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Siranoush Manoukian
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Milan, Italy
| | - Jeffrey R Marks
- Duke University Hospital, Department of Surgery, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Rayna Kim Matsuno
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Cancer Epidemiology Program, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Keitaro Matsuo
- Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Nagoya, Japan
- Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Taymaa May
- Princess Margaret Hospital, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lesley McGuffog
- University of Cambridge, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Cambridge, UK
| | - John R McLaughlin
- Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Public Health Ontario, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Iain A McNeish
- Imperial College London, Division of Cancer and Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Department Surgery & Cancer, London, UK
- University of Glasgow, Institute of Cancer Sciences, Glasgow, UK
| | - Noura Mebirouk
- Institut Curie, Paris, France
- Mines ParisTech, Fontainebleau, France
- Inserm U900, Genetic Epidemiology of Cancer team, Paris, France
| | - Usha Menon
- University College London, MRC Clinical Trials Unit at UCL, Institute of Clinical Trials & Methodology, London, UK
| | - Austin Miller
- Roswell Park Cancer Institute, NRG Oncology, Statistics and Data Management Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Roger L Milne
- Cancer Council Victoria, Cancer Epidemiology Division, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Monash University, Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Albina Minlikeeva
- Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Francesmary Modugno
- Magee-Womens Research Institute and Hillman Cancer Center, Womens Cancer Research Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Marco Montagna
- Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Padua, Italy
| | - Kirsten B Moysich
- Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Elizabeth Munro
- Oregon Health & Science University, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Portland, OR, USA
- Oregon Health & Science University, Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Katherine L Nathanson
- University of Pennsylvania, Basser Center for BRCA, Abramson Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Susan L Neuhausen
- Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Department of Population Sciences, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Heli Nevanlinna
- University of Helsinki, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Joanne Ngeow Yuen Yie
- National Cancer Centre, Cancer Genetics Service, Singapore, Singapore
- Nanyang Technological University, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Finn C Nielsen
- Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Department of Clinical Genetics, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Kunle Odunsi
- Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Kenneth Offit
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Clinical Genetics Research Lab, Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, New York, NY, USA
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Clinical Genetics Service, Department of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Edith Olah
- National Institute of Oncology, Department of Molecular Genetics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Siel Olbrecht
- University Hospitals Leuven, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Leuven Cancer Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Sara H Olson
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, New York, NY, USA
| | - Håkan Olsson
- Lund University, Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ana Osorio
- Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Human Cancer Genetics Programme, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Papi
- University of Florence, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences 'Mario Serio', Medical Genetics Unit, Florence, Italy
| | - Sue K Park
- Seoul National University College of Medicine, Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Seoul National University Graduate School, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
- Seoul National University, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul, Korea
| | - Michael T Parsons
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Harsha Pathak
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Inge Sokilde Pedersen
- Aalborg University Hospital, Molecular Diagnostics, Aalborg, Denmark
- Aalborg University Hospital, Clinical Cancer Research Center, Aalborg, Denmark
- Aalborg University, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Ana Peixoto
- Portuguese Oncology Institute, Department of Genetics, Porto, Portugal
| | - Tanja Pejovic
- Oregon Health & Science University, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Portland, OR, USA
- Oregon Health & Science University, Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Pedro Perez-Segura
- CIBERONC, Hospital Clinico San Carlos, IdISSC (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos), Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jennifer B Permuth
- Moffitt Cancer Center, Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Beth Peshkin
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Paolo Peterlongo
- IFOM-the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Genome Diagnostics Program, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Piskorz
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Darya Prokofyeva
- Bashkir State University, Department of Genetics and Fundamental Medicine, Ufa, Russia
| | - Paolo Radice
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori (INT), Unit of Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk and Genetic Testing, Department of Research, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Marjorie J Riggan
- Duke University Hospital, Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Harvey A Risch
- Yale School of Public Health, Chronic Disease Epidemiology, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Cristina Rodriguez-Antona
- Biomedical Network on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
- Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Human Cancer Genetics Programme, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eric Ross
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Population Studies Facility, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mary Anne Rossing
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Program in Epidemiology, Division of Public Health Sciences, Seattle, WA, USA
- University of Washington, Department of Epidemiology, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ingo Runnebaum
- Jena University Hospital-Friedrich Schiller University, Department of Gynaecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Dale P Sandler
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Epidemiology Branch, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Marta Santamariña
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
- Fundación Pública Galega Medicina Xenómica, Santiago De Compostela, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago De Compostela, Spain
| | - Penny Soucy
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec - Université Laval Research Center, Genomics Center, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Rita K Schmutzler
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Center for Familial Breast and Ovarian Cancer, Cologne, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), Cologne, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Cologne, Germany
| | - V Wendy Setiawan
- University of Southern California, Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kang Shan
- Hebei Medical University, Fourth Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Weiva Sieh
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Population Health Science and Policy, New York, NY, USA
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jacques Simard
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Genomic Center, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Christian F Singer
- Medical University of Vienna, Dept of OB/GYN and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Honglin Song
- University of Cambridge, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Cambridge, UK
| | - Melissa C Southey
- Cancer Council Victoria, Cancer Epidemiology Division, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Monash University, Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Department of Clinical Pathology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Helen Steed
- Royal Alexandra Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Dominique Stoppa-Lyonnet
- INSERM U830, Department of Tumour Biology, Paris, France
- Institut Curie, Service de Génétique, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Rebecca Sutphen
- University of South Florida, Epidemiology Center, College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Anthony J Swerdlow
- The Institute of Cancer Research, Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, London, UK
- The Institute of Cancer Research, Division of Breast Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Yen Yen Tan
- Medical University of Vienna, Dept of OB/GYN and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vienna, Austria
| | - Manuel R Teixeira
- Portuguese Oncology Institute, Department of Genetics, Porto, Portugal
- University of Porto, Biomedical Sciences Institute (ICBAS), Porto, Portugal
| | - Soo Hwang Teo
- Cancer Research Malaysia, Breast Cancer Research Programme, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
- University of Malaya, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kathryn L Terry
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Boston, MA, USA
- Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Obstetrics and Gynecology Epidemiology Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mary Beth Terry
- Columbia University, Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mads Thomassen
- Odense University Hospital, Department of Clinical Genetics, Odence C, Denmark
| | - Pamela J Thompson
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cancer Prevention and Genetics Program, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Liv Cecilie Vestrheim Thomsen
- Haukeland University Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bergen, Norway
- University of Bergen, Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical Science, Bergen, Norway
| | - Darcy L Thull
- Magee-Womens Hospital, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Marc Tischkowitz
- McGill University, Program in Cancer Genetics, Departments of Human Genetics and Oncology, Montréal, QC, Canada
- University of Cambridge, Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge, UK
| | - Linda Titus
- Dartmouth College, Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Amanda E Toland
- The Ohio State University, Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Diana Torres
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, Heidelberg, Germany
- Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Institute of Human Genetics, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Britton Trabert
- National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ruth Travis
- University of Oxford, Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Oxford, UK
| | - Nadine Tung
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Medical Oncology, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shelley S Tworoger
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Boston, MA, USA
- Moffitt Cancer Center, Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Ellen Valen
- Haukeland University Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bergen, Norway
- University of Bergen, Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical Science, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anne M van Altena
- Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Annemieke H van der Hout
- University Medical Center Groningen, University Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Els Van Nieuwenhuysen
- University Hospitals Leuven, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Leuven Cancer Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Ana Vega
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
- Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago, SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Digna Velez Edwards
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Division of Quantitative Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Women's Health Research, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Robert A Vierkant
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Health Sciences Research, Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Frances Wang
- Duke Cancer Institute, Cancer Control and Population Sciences, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke University Hospital, Department of Community and Family Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Barbara Wappenschmidt
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Center for Familial Breast and Ovarian Cancer, Cologne, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), Cologne, Germany
| | - Penelope M Webb
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Population Health Department, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Clarice R Weinberg
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | | | - Nicolas Wentzensen
- National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Emily White
- University of Washington, Department of Epidemiology, Seattle, WA, USA
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alice S Whittemore
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Stacey J Winham
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Health Sciences Research, Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Alicja Wolk
- Karolinska Institutet, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
- Uppsala University, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Yin-Ling Woo
- University of Malaya, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Anna H Wu
- University of Southern California, Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Li Yan
- Hebei Medical University, Fourth Hospital, Department of Molecular Biology, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Drakoulis Yannoukakos
- National Centre for Scientific Research 'Demokritos', Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, INRASTES, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Wei Zheng
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Argyrios Ziogas
- University of California Irvine, Department of Epidemiology, Genetic Epidemiology Research Institute, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Kristin K Zorn
- Magee-Womens Hospital, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Zdenek Kleibl
- Institute of Biochemistry and Experimental Oncology, First Faculty od Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Douglas Easton
- University of Cambridge, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Cambridge, UK
- University of Cambridge, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kate Lawrenson
- Center for Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Centre, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Anna DeFazio
- The University of Sydney, Centre for Cancer Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Westmead Hospital, Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Susan J Ramus
- University of NSW Sydney, School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- University of NSW Sydney, Adult Cancer Program, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Celeste L Pearce
- University of Michigan School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alvaro N Monteiro
- Moffitt Cancer Center, Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Julie Cunningham
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Health Science Research, Division of Epidemiology, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ellen L Goode
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Health Science Research, Division of Epidemiology, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Joellen M Schildkraut
- Emory University, Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Andrew Berchuck
- Duke University Hospital, Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Georgia Chenevix-Trench
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Simon A Gayther
- Center for Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Antonis C Antoniou
- University of Cambridge, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Cambridge, UK
| | - Paul D P Pharoah
- University of Cambridge, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Cambridge, UK.
- University of Cambridge, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, Cambridge, UK.
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13
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Akdeniz D, van Barele M, Heemskerk-Gerritsen BAM, Steyerberg EW, Hauptmann M, van de Beek I, van Engelen K, Wevers MR, Gómez García EB, Ausems MGEM, Berger LPV, van Asperen CJ, Adank MA, Collée MJ, Stommel-Jenner DJ, Jager A, Schmidt MK, Hooning MJ. Effects of chemotherapy on contralateral breast cancer risk in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers: A nationwide cohort study. Breast 2022; 61:98-107. [PMID: 34929424 PMCID: PMC8693290 DOI: 10.1016/j.breast.2021.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim BRCA1/2 mutation carriers with primary breast cancer (PBC) are at high risk of contralateral breast cancer (CBC). In a nationwide cohort, we investigated the effects of chemotherapeutic agents given for PBC on CBC risk separately in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers. Patients and methods BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation carriers with an invasive PBC diagnosis from 1990 to 2017 were selected from a Dutch cohort. We estimated cumulative CBC incidence using competing risks analysis. Hazard ratios (HR) for the effect of neo-adjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy and different chemotherapeutic agents on CBC risk were estimated using Cox regression. Results We included 1090 BRCA1 and 568 BRCA2 mutation carriers; median follow-up was 8.9 and 8.4 years, respectively. Ten-year cumulative CBC incidence for treatment with and without chemotherapy was 6.7% [95%CI: 5.1–8.6] and 16.7% [95%CI: 10.8–23.7] in BRCA1 and 4.8% [95%CI: 2.7–7.8] and 16.0% [95%CI: 9.3–24.4] in BRCA2 mutation carriers, respectively. Chemotherapy was associated with reduced CBC risk in BRCA1 (multivariable HR: 0.46, 95%CI: 0.29–0.74); a similar trend was observed in BRCA2 mutation carriers (HR: 0.63, 95%CI: 0.29–1.39). In BRCA1, risk reduction was most pronounced in the first 5 years (HR: 0.32, 95%CI: 0.17–0.61). Anthracyclines and the combination of anthracyclines with taxanes were associated with substantial CBC risk reduction in BRCA1 carriers (HR: 0.34, 95%CI: 0.17–0.68 and HR: 0.22, 95%CI: 0.08–0.62, respectively). Conclusion Risk-reducing effects of chemotherapy are substantial for at least 5 years and may be used in personalised CBC risk prediction in any case for BRCA1 mutation carriers. Contralateral breast cancer (CBC) risk is high in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers. Chemotherapy for primary breast cancer results in decreased CBC risk in BRCA1. Anthracyclines with/without taxanes show the largest CBC risk reduction in BRCA1. For BRCA2 similar trends are observed as in BRCA1 mutation carriers. Chemotherapy must be considered in personalised CBC risk models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delal Akdeniz
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mark van Barele
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Ewout W Steyerberg
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Michael Hauptmann
- Institute of Biostatistics and Registry Research, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Neuroppin, Germany
| | - Irma van de Beek
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Klaartje van Engelen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marijke R Wevers
- Department for Clinical Genetics, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | | | - Margreet G E M Ausems
- Division of Laboratories, Pharmacy and Biomedical Genetics, Department of Genetics, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Lieke P V Berger
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Christi J van Asperen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Muriel A Adank
- Family Cancer Clinic, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Margriet J Collée
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Denise J Stommel-Jenner
- Division of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Agnes Jager
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marjanka K Schmidt
- Division of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maartje J Hooning
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
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14
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Coignard J, Lush M, Beesley J, O'Mara TA, Dennis J, Tyrer JP, Barnes DR, McGuffog L, Leslie G, Bolla MK, Adank MA, Agata S, Ahearn T, Aittomäki K, Andrulis IL, Anton-Culver H, Arndt V, Arnold N, Aronson KJ, Arun BK, Augustinsson A, Azzollini J, Barrowdale D, Baynes C, Becher H, Bermisheva M, Bernstein L, Białkowska K, Blomqvist C, Bojesen SE, Bonanni B, Borg A, Brauch H, Brenner H, Burwinkel B, Buys SS, Caldés T, Caligo MA, Campa D, Carter BD, Castelao JE, Chang-Claude J, Chanock SJ, Chung WK, Claes KBM, Clarke CL, Collée JM, Conroy DM, Czene K, Daly MB, Devilee P, Diez O, Ding YC, Domchek SM, Dörk T, Dos-Santos-Silva I, Dunning AM, Dwek M, Eccles DM, Eliassen AH, Engel C, Eriksson M, Evans DG, Fasching PA, Flyger H, Fostira F, Friedman E, Fritschi L, Frost D, Gago-Dominguez M, Gapstur SM, Garber J, Garcia-Barberan V, García-Closas M, García-Sáenz JA, Gaudet MM, Gayther SA, Gehrig A, Georgoulias V, Giles GG, Godwin AK, Goldberg MS, Goldgar DE, González-Neira A, Greene MH, Guénel P, Haeberle L, Hahnen E, Haiman CA, Håkansson N, Hall P, Hamann U, Harrington PA, Hart SN, He W, Hogervorst FBL, Hollestelle A, Hopper JL, Horcasitas DJ, Hulick PJ, Hunter DJ, Imyanitov EN, Jager A, Jakubowska A, James PA, Jensen UB, John EM, Jones ME, Kaaks R, Kapoor PM, Karlan BY, Keeman R, Khusnutdinova E, Kiiski JI, Ko YD, Kosma VM, Kraft P, Kurian AW, Laitman Y, Lambrechts D, Le Marchand L, Lester J, Lesueur F, Lindstrom T, Lopez-Fernández A, Loud JT, Luccarini C, Mannermaa A, Manoukian S, Margolin S, Martens JWM, Mebirouk N, Meindl A, Miller A, Milne RL, Montagna M, Nathanson KL, Neuhausen SL, Nevanlinna H, Nielsen FC, O'Brien KM, Olopade OI, Olson JE, Olsson H, Osorio A, Ottini L, Park-Simon TW, Parsons MT, Pedersen IS, Peshkin B, Peterlongo P, Peto J, Pharoah PDP, Phillips KA, Polley EC, Poppe B, Presneau N, Pujana MA, Punie K, Radice P, Rantala J, Rashid MU, Rennert G, Rennert HS, Robson M, Romero A, Rossing M, Saloustros E, Sandler DP, Santella R, Scheuner MT, Schmidt MK, Schmidt G, Scott C, Sharma P, Soucy P, Southey MC, Spinelli JJ, Steinsnyder Z, Stone J, Stoppa-Lyonnet D, Swerdlow A, Tamimi RM, Tapper WJ, Taylor JA, Terry MB, Teulé A, Thull DL, Tischkowitz M, Toland AE, Torres D, Trainer AH, Truong T, Tung N, Vachon CM, Vega A, Vijai J, Wang Q, Wappenschmidt B, Weinberg CR, Weitzel JN, Wendt C, Wolk A, Yadav S, Yang XR, Yannoukakos D, Zheng W, Ziogas A, Zorn KK, Park SK, Thomassen M, Offit K, Schmutzler RK, Couch FJ, Simard J, Chenevix-Trench G, Easton DF, Andrieu N, Antoniou AC. Author Correction: A case-only study to identify genetic modifiers of breast cancer risk for BRCA1/BRCA2 mutation carriers. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2986. [PMID: 33990587 PMCID: PMC8121813 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23162-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A Correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-23162-4
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Coignard
- Genetic Epidemiology of Cancer team, Inserm, U900, Paris, France.,Institut Curie Paris, Paris, France.,Mines ParisTech Fontainebleau, Paris, France.,Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,PSL University Paris, Paris, France.,Paris Sud University, Orsay, France
| | - Michael Lush
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jonathan Beesley
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Tracy A O'Mara
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Joe Dennis
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jonathan P Tyrer
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Daniel R Barnes
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lesley McGuffog
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Goska Leslie
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Manjeet K Bolla
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Muriel A Adank
- Family Cancer Clinic, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Simona Agata
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology, Unit Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Thomas Ahearn
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kristiina Aittomäki
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Helsinki University Hospital University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Irene L Andrulis
- Fred A. Litwin Center for Cancer Genetics Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hoda Anton-Culver
- Department of Epidemiology, Genetic Epidemiology Research Institute University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Volker Arndt
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Norbert Arnold
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Kiel, Germany.,Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Kristan J Aronson
- Department of Public Health Sciences, and Cancer Research Institute Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Banu K Arun
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Annelie Augustinsson
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Clinical Sciences Lund University, Lund, 22242, Sweden
| | - Jacopo Azzollini
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniel Barrowdale
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Caroline Baynes
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Heko Becher
- Institute for Medical Biometrics and Epidemiology University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marina Bermisheva
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russia
| | - Leslie Bernstein
- Department of Population Sciences Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Katarzyna Białkowska
- Department of Genetics and Pathology Pomeranian Medical University Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Carl Blomqvist
- Department of Oncology, Helsinki University Hospital University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Oncology Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Stig E Bojesen
- Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bernardo Bonanni
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Ake Borg
- Department of Oncology Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Hiltrud Brauch
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany.,iFIT-Cluster of Excellence University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Barbara Burwinkel
- Molecular Epidemiology Group, C080 German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Molecular Biology of Breast Cancer, University Womens Clinic Heidelberg University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Saundra S Buys
- Department of Medicine Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Trinidad Caldés
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory CIBERONC, Hospital Clinico San Carlos, IdISSC (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos), Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria A Caligo
- SOD Genetica Molecolare University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | - Daniele Campa
- Department of Biology University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Division of Cancer Epidemiology German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Brian D Carter
- Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group American Cancer Society Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jose E Castelao
- Oncology and Genetics Unit Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria Galicia Sur (IISGS), Xerencia de Xestion Integrada de Vigo-SERGAS, Vigo, Spain
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Cancer Epidemiology Group, University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH) University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stephen J Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Wendy K Chung
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Christine L Clarke
- Westmead Institute for Medical Research University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | | | - J Margriet Collée
- Department of Clinical Genetics Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Don M Conroy
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kamila Czene
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mary B Daly
- Department of Clinical Genetics Fox Chase Cancer Center Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Peter Devilee
- Department of Pathology Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Human Genetics Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Orland Diez
- Oncogenetics Group Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain.,Clinical and Molecular Genetics Area University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yuan Chun Ding
- Department of Population Sciences Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Susan M Domchek
- Basser Center for BRCA, Abramson Cancer Center University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Thilo Dörk
- Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Isabel Dos-Santos-Silva
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Alison M Dunning
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Miriam Dwek
- School of Life Sciences University of Westminster, London, UK
| | - Diana M Eccles
- Faculty of Medicine University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - A Heather Eliassen
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christoph Engel
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mikael Eriksson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - D Gareth Evans
- Genomic Medicine, Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester Universities Foundation Trust, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester, UK.,Genomic Medicine, North West Genomics hub Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester Universities Foundation Trust, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - Peter A Fasching
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine Division of Hematology and Oncology University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Comprehensive Cancer Center ER-EMN University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University, Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Henrik Flyger
- Department of Breast Surgery, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Florentia Fostira
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, INRASTES National Centre for Scientific Research íDemokritosí, Athens, Greece
| | - Eitan Friedman
- The Susanne Levy Gertner Oncogenetics Unit Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel
| | - Lin Fritschi
- School of Public Health Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Debra Frost
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Manuela Gago-Dominguez
- Genomic Medicine Group, Galician Foundation of Genomic Medicine Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago, SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Moores Cancer Center University of California, San Diego La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Susan M Gapstur
- Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group American Cancer Society Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Judy Garber
- Division of Cancer Genetics and Prevention, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vanesa Garcia-Barberan
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clínico San Carlos Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Montserrat García-Closas
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - José A García-Sáenz
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clínico San Carlos Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mia M Gaudet
- Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group American Cancer Society Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Simon A Gayther
- Center for Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics and the Cedars Sinai Genomics Core Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Andrea Gehrig
- Department of Human Genetics University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Graham G Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology Division Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew K Godwin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Mark S Goldberg
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Royal Victoria Hospital McGill University Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - David E Goldgar
- Huntsman Cancer Institute and Department of Dermatology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Anna González-Neira
- Human Cancer Genetics Programme Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mark H Greene
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Pascal Guénel
- Cancer & Environment Group, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP) INSERM, University Paris-Sud, University Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Lothar Haeberle
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Eric Hahnen
- Center for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO) Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christopher A Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Per Hall
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Oncology, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ute Hamann
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Patricia A Harrington
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Steven N Hart
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Wei He
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Frans B L Hogervorst
- Family Cancer Clinic, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Antoinette Hollestelle
- Department of Medical Oncology, Family Cancer Clinic Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - John L Hopper
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Darling J Horcasitas
- New Mexico Oncology Hematology Consultants, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Peter J Hulick
- Center for Medical Genetics NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, USA.,The University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - David J Hunter
- Department of Epidemiology Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health Boston, Boston, MA, USA.,Nuffield Department of Population Health University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Agnes Jager
- Department of Medical Oncology, Family Cancer Clinic Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anna Jakubowska
- Department of Genetics and Pathology Pomeranian Medical University Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland.,Independent Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genetic Diagnostics Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Paul A James
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Parkville Familial Cancer Centre Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Uffe Birk Jensen
- Department of Clinical Genetics Aarhus, University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Esther M John
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Michael E Jones
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Rudolf Kaaks
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pooja Middha Kapoor
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Genetics and Epidemiology The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Beth Y Karlan
- Faculty of Medicine University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Renske Keeman
- Womenís Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Elza Khusnutdinova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russia.,Division of Molecular Pathology The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johanna I Kiiski
- Department of Genetics and Fundamental Medicine Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Russia
| | - Yon-Dschun Ko
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Hospital University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Veli-Matti Kosma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Evangelische Kliniken Bonn gGmbH Johanniter Krankenhaus, Bonn, Germany.,Translational Cancer Research Area University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Peter Kraft
- Department of Epidemiology Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health Boston, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Allison W Kurian
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yael Laitman
- The Susanne Levy Gertner Oncogenetics Unit Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Diether Lambrechts
- VIB Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of Human Genetics University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Loic Le Marchand
- Epidemiology Program University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Jenny Lester
- Faculty of Medicine University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Fabienne Lesueur
- Genetic Epidemiology of Cancer team, Inserm, U900, Paris, France.,Institut Curie Paris, Paris, France.,Mines ParisTech Fontainebleau, Paris, France.,PSL University Paris, Paris, France
| | - Tricia Lindstrom
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Adria Lopez-Fernández
- High Risk and Cancer Prevention Group Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jennifer T Loud
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Craig Luccarini
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Arto Mannermaa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Evangelische Kliniken Bonn gGmbH Johanniter Krankenhaus, Bonn, Germany.,Translational Cancer Research Area University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Siranoush Manoukian
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Margolin
- Department of Oncology, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - John W M Martens
- Department of Medical Oncology, Family Cancer Clinic Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Noura Mebirouk
- Genetic Epidemiology of Cancer team, Inserm, U900, Paris, France.,Institut Curie Paris, Paris, France.,Mines ParisTech Fontainebleau, Paris, France.,PSL University Paris, Paris, France
| | - Alfons Meindl
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics University of Munich, Campus Grosshadern, Munich, Germany
| | - Austin Miller
- NRG Oncology, Statistics and Data Management Center Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Roger L Milne
- Cancer Epidemiology Division Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Marco Montagna
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology, Unit Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Katherine L Nathanson
- Basser Center for BRCA, Abramson Cancer Center University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Susan L Neuhausen
- Department of Population Sciences Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Heli Nevanlinna
- Department of Genetics and Fundamental Medicine Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Russia
| | - Finn C Nielsen
- Center for Genomic Medicine Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Katie M O'Brien
- Epidemiology Branch National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Janet E Olson
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Håkan Olsson
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Clinical Sciences Lund University, Lund, 22242, Sweden
| | - Ana Osorio
- Human Cancer Genetics Programme Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Ottini
- Department of Molecular Medicine University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Michael T Parsons
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Inge Sokilde Pedersen
- Molecular Diagnostics Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.,Clinical Cancer Research Center Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Beth Peshkin
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Paolo Peterlongo
- Genome Diagnostics Program IFOM - the FIRC (Italian Foundation for Cancer Research) Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Julian Peto
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Paul D P Pharoah
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kelly-Anne Phillips
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Eric C Polley
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Bruce Poppe
- Centre for Medical Genetics Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Nadege Presneau
- School of Life Sciences University of Westminster, London, UK
| | - Miquel Angel Pujana
- Translational Research Laboratory IDIBELL (Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute), Catalan Institute of Oncology, CIBERONC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kevin Punie
- Leuven Multidisciplinary Breast Center, Department of Oncology Leuven Cancer Institute, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paolo Radice
- Unit of Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk and Genetic Testing, Department of Research Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori (INT), Milan, Italy
| | | | - Muhammad U Rashid
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Basic Sciences Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre (SKMCH & RC), Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Gad Rennert
- Clalit National Cancer Control Center Carmel Medical Center and Technion Faculty of Medicine, Haifa, Israel
| | - Hedy S Rennert
- Clalit National Cancer Control Center Carmel Medical Center and Technion Faculty of Medicine, Haifa, Israel
| | - Mark Robson
- Clinical Genetics Service, Department of Medicine Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Atocha Romero
- Medical Oncology Department Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Rossing
- Center for Genomic Medicine Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Dale P Sandler
- Epidemiology Branch National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Regina Santella
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maren T Scheuner
- Cancer Genetics and Prevention Program University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Marjanka K Schmidt
- Womenís Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Division of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gunnar Schmidt
- Institute of Human Genetics Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christopher Scott
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Priyanka Sharma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology University of Kansas Medical Center, Westwood, KS, USA
| | - Penny Soucy
- Genomics Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec - Université Laval Research Center, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Melissa C Southey
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Department of Clinical Pathology The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - John J Spinelli
- Population Oncology BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,School of Population and Public Health University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Zoe Steinsnyder
- Clinical Genetics Research Lab, Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jennifer Stone
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,The Curtin UWA Centre for Genetic Origins of Health and Disease Curtin University and University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Dominique Stoppa-Lyonnet
- Service de Génétique Institut Curie, Paris, France.,Department of Tumour Biology INSERM U830, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Anthony Swerdlow
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Division of Breast Cancer Research Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Rulla M Tamimi
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health Boston, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Jack A Taylor
- Epidemiology Branch National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, USA.,Epigenetic and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH Research Triangle Park, Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Mary Beth Terry
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alex Teulé
- Hereditary Cancer Program ONCOBELL-IDIBELL-IDIBGI-IGTP, Catalan Institute of Oncology, CIBERONC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Darcy L Thull
- Department of Medicine Magee-Womens Hospital, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Marc Tischkowitz
- Program in Cancer Genetics, Departments of Human Genetics and Oncology McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Medical Genetics, National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Center, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Amanda E Toland
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Diana Torres
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute of Human Genetics Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Alison H Trainer
- Parkville Familial Cancer Centre Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of medicine University Of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Thérèse Truong
- Cancer & Environment Group, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP) INSERM, University Paris-Sud, University Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Nadine Tung
- Department of Medical Oncology Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Celine M Vachon
- Department of Health Science Research, Division of Epidemiology Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ana Vega
- Fundación Pública Galega Medicina Xenómica-SERGAS, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Santiago de Compostela (IDIS); CIBERER, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Joseph Vijai
- Clinical Genetics Service, Department of Medicine Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Clinical Genetics Research Lab, Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Qin Wang
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Barbara Wappenschmidt
- Center for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO) Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Clarice R Weinberg
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH Research Triangle Park, Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | | | - Camilla Wendt
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alicja Wolk
- Institute of Environmental Medicine Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Surgical Sciences Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Xiaohong R Yang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Drakoulis Yannoukakos
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, INRASTES National Centre for Scientific Research íDemokritosí, Athens, Greece
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Argyrios Ziogas
- Department of Epidemiology, Genetic Epidemiology Research Institute University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Kristin K Zorn
- Magee-Womens Hospital, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sue K Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea.,Cancer Research Institute Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mads Thomassen
- Department of Clinical Genetics Odense University Hospital, Odence C, Denmark
| | - Kenneth Offit
- Clinical Genetics Service, Department of Medicine Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Clinical Genetics Research Lab, Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rita K Schmutzler
- Center for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO) Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Fergus J Couch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jacques Simard
- Department of Epidemiology, Genetic Epidemiology Research Institute University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Georgia Chenevix-Trench
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Douglas F Easton
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nadine Andrieu
- Genetic Epidemiology of Cancer team, Inserm, U900, Paris, France. .,Institut Curie Paris, Paris, France. .,Mines ParisTech Fontainebleau, Paris, France. .,PSL University Paris, Paris, France.
| | - Antonis C Antoniou
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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Li N, Zethoven M, McInerny S, Devereux L, Huang YK, Thio N, Cheasley D, Gutiérrez-Enríquez S, Moles-Fernández A, Diez O, Nguyen-Dumont T, Southey MC, Hopper JL, Simard J, Dumont M, Soucy P, Meindl A, Schmutzler R, Schmidt MK, Adank MA, Andrulis IL, Hahnen E, Engel C, Lesueur F, Girard E, Neuhausen SL, Ziv E, Allen J, Easton DF, Scott RJ, Gorringe KL, James PA, Campbell IG. Evaluation of the association of heterozygous germline variants in NTHL1 with breast cancer predisposition: an international multi-center study of 47,180 subjects. NPJ Breast Cancer 2021; 7:52. [PMID: 33980861 PMCID: PMC8115524 DOI: 10.1038/s41523-021-00255-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bi-allelic loss-of-function (LoF) variants in the base excision repair (BER) gene NTHL1 cause a high-risk hereditary multi-tumor syndrome that includes breast cancer, but the contribution of heterozygous variants to hereditary breast cancer is unknown. An analysis of 4985 women with breast cancer, enriched for familial features, and 4786 cancer-free women revealed significant enrichment for NTHL1 LoF variants. Immunohistochemistry confirmed reduced NTHL1 expression in tumors from heterozygous carriers but the NTHL1 bi-allelic loss characteristic mutational signature (SBS 30) was not present. The analysis was extended to 27,421 breast cancer cases and 19,759 controls from 10 international studies revealing 138 cases and 93 controls with a heterozygous LoF variant (OR 1.06, 95% CI: 0.82-1.39) and 316 cases and 179 controls with a missense variant (OR 1.31, 95% CI: 1.09-1.57). Missense variants selected for deleterious features by a number of in silico bioinformatic prediction tools or located within the endonuclease III functional domain showed a stronger association with breast cancer. Somatic sequencing of breast cancers from carriers indicated that the risk associated with NTHL1 appears to operate through haploinsufficiency, consistent with other described low-penetrance breast cancer genes. Data from this very large international multicenter study suggests that heterozygous pathogenic germline coding variants in NTHL1 may be associated with low- to moderate- increased risk of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
- Parkville Familial Cancer Centre, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Magnus Zethoven
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Simone McInerny
- Parkville Familial Cancer Centre, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Lisa Devereux
- Lifepool, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Yu-Kuan Huang
- Upper Gastrointestinal Translational Research Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Niko Thio
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Dane Cheasley
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Sara Gutiérrez-Enríquez
- Hereditary Cancer Genetics Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO); Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alejandro Moles-Fernández
- Hereditary Cancer Genetics Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO); Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Orland Diez
- Hereditary Cancer Genetics Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO); Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
- Area of Clinical and Molecular Genetics, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tu Nguyen-Dumont
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
- Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Melissa C Southey
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
- Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - John L Hopper
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jacques Simard
- Genomics Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec - Université Laval Research Center, Quebec, Canada
| | - Martine Dumont
- Genomics Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec - Université Laval Research Center, Quebec, Canada
| | - Penny Soucy
- Genomics Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec - Université Laval Research Center, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alfons Meindl
- University of Munich, Campus Großhadern, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Munich, Germany
| | - Rita Schmutzler
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Center for Familial Breast and Ovarian Cancer, Cologne, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), Cologne, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Cologne, Germany
| | - Marjanka K Schmidt
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Division of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Muriel A Adank
- Family Cancer Clinic, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Irene L Andrulis
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Eric Hahnen
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Center for Familial Breast and Ovarian Cancer, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christoph Engel
- Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Fabienne Lesueur
- Inserm, U900, Institut Curie, PSL University, Mines ParisTech, Paris, France
| | - Elodie Girard
- Inserm, U900, Institut Curie, PSL University, Mines ParisTech, Paris, France
| | - Susan L Neuhausen
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Elad Ziv
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jamie Allen
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Douglas F Easton
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rodney J Scott
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Discipline of Medical Genetics, The University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Pathology North, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Kylie L Gorringe
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
- Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Cancer Genomics Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Paul A James
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
- Parkville Familial Cancer Centre, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Ian G Campbell
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.
- Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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16
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Coignard J, Lush M, Beesley J, O'Mara TA, Dennis J, Tyrer JP, Barnes DR, McGuffog L, Leslie G, Bolla MK, Adank MA, Agata S, Ahearn T, Aittomäki K, Andrulis IL, Anton-Culver H, Arndt V, Arnold N, Aronson KJ, Arun BK, Augustinsson A, Azzollini J, Barrowdale D, Baynes C, Becher H, Bermisheva M, Bernstein L, Białkowska K, Blomqvist C, Bojesen SE, Bonanni B, Borg A, Brauch H, Brenner H, Burwinkel B, Buys SS, Caldés T, Caligo MA, Campa D, Carter BD, Castelao JE, Chang-Claude J, Chanock SJ, Chung WK, Claes KBM, Clarke CL, Collée JM, Conroy DM, Czene K, Daly MB, Devilee P, Diez O, Ding YC, Domchek SM, Dörk T, Dos-Santos-Silva I, Dunning AM, Dwek M, Eccles DM, Eliassen AH, Engel C, Eriksson M, Evans DG, Fasching PA, Flyger H, Fostira F, Friedman E, Fritschi L, Frost D, Gago-Dominguez M, Gapstur SM, Garber J, Garcia-Barberan V, García-Closas M, García-Sáenz JA, Gaudet MM, Gayther SA, Gehrig A, Georgoulias V, Giles GG, Godwin AK, Goldberg MS, Goldgar DE, González-Neira A, Greene MH, Guénel P, Haeberle L, Hahnen E, Haiman CA, Håkansson N, Hall P, Hamann U, Harrington PA, Hart SN, He W, Hogervorst FBL, Hollestelle A, Hopper JL, Horcasitas DJ, Hulick PJ, Hunter DJ, Imyanitov EN, Jager A, Jakubowska A, James PA, Jensen UB, John EM, Jones ME, Kaaks R, Kapoor PM, Karlan BY, Keeman R, Khusnutdinova E, Kiiski JI, Ko YD, Kosma VM, Kraft P, Kurian AW, Laitman Y, Lambrechts D, Le Marchand L, Lester J, Lesueur F, Lindstrom T, Lopez-Fernández A, Loud JT, Luccarini C, Mannermaa A, Manoukian S, Margolin S, Martens JWM, Mebirouk N, Meindl A, Miller A, Milne RL, Montagna M, Nathanson KL, Neuhausen SL, Nevanlinna H, Nielsen FC, O'Brien KM, Olopade OI, Olson JE, Olsson H, Osorio A, Ottini L, Park-Simon TW, Parsons MT, Pedersen IS, Peshkin B, Peterlongo P, Peto J, Pharoah PDP, Phillips KA, Polley EC, Poppe B, Presneau N, Pujana MA, Punie K, Radice P, Rantala J, Rashid MU, Rennert G, Rennert HS, Robson M, Romero A, Rossing M, Saloustros E, Sandler DP, Santella R, Scheuner MT, Schmidt MK, Schmidt G, Scott C, Sharma P, Soucy P, Southey MC, Spinelli JJ, Steinsnyder Z, Stone J, Stoppa-Lyonnet D, Swerdlow A, Tamimi RM, Tapper WJ, Taylor JA, Terry MB, Teulé A, Thull DL, Tischkowitz M, Toland AE, Torres D, Trainer AH, Truong T, Tung N, Vachon CM, Vega A, Vijai J, Wang Q, Wappenschmidt B, Weinberg CR, Weitzel JN, Wendt C, Wolk A, Yadav S, Yang XR, Yannoukakos D, Zheng W, Ziogas A, Zorn KK, Park SK, Thomassen M, Offit K, Schmutzler RK, Couch FJ, Simard J, Chenevix-Trench G, Easton DF, Andrieu N, Antoniou AC. A case-only study to identify genetic modifiers of breast cancer risk for BRCA1/BRCA2 mutation carriers. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1078. [PMID: 33597508 PMCID: PMC7890067 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20496-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) risk for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers varies by genetic and familial factors. About 50 common variants have been shown to modify BC risk for mutation carriers. All but three, were identified in general population studies. Other mutation carrier-specific susceptibility variants may exist but studies of mutation carriers have so far been underpowered. We conduct a novel case-only genome-wide association study comparing genotype frequencies between 60,212 general population BC cases and 13,007 cases with BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations. We identify robust novel associations for 2 variants with BC for BRCA1 and 3 for BRCA2 mutation carriers, P < 10-8, at 5 loci, which are not associated with risk in the general population. They include rs60882887 at 11p11.2 where MADD, SP11 and EIF1, genes previously implicated in BC biology, are predicted as potential targets. These findings will contribute towards customising BC polygenic risk scores for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Coignard
- Genetic Epidemiology of Cancer team, Inserm, U900, Paris, France
- Institut Curie Paris, Paris, France
- Mines ParisTech Fontainebleau, Paris, France
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- PSL University Paris, Paris, France
- Paris Sud University, Orsay, France
| | - Michael Lush
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jonathan Beesley
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Tracy A O'Mara
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Joe Dennis
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jonathan P Tyrer
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Daniel R Barnes
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lesley McGuffog
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Goska Leslie
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Manjeet K Bolla
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Muriel A Adank
- Family Cancer Clinic, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Simona Agata
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology, Unit Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Thomas Ahearn
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kristiina Aittomäki
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Helsinki University Hospital University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Irene L Andrulis
- Fred A. Litwin Center for Cancer Genetics Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hoda Anton-Culver
- Department of Epidemiology, Genetic Epidemiology Research Institute University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Volker Arndt
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Norbert Arnold
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Kristan J Aronson
- Department of Public Health Sciences, and Cancer Research Institute Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Banu K Arun
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Annelie Augustinsson
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Clinical Sciences Lund University, Lund, 22242, Sweden
| | - Jacopo Azzollini
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniel Barrowdale
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Caroline Baynes
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Heiko Becher
- Institute for Medical Biometrics and Epidemiology University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marina Bermisheva
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russia
| | - Leslie Bernstein
- Department of Population Sciences Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Katarzyna Białkowska
- Department of Genetics and Pathology Pomeranian Medical University Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Carl Blomqvist
- Department of Oncology, Helsinki University Hospital University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Oncology Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Stig E Bojesen
- Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bernardo Bonanni
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Ake Borg
- Department of Oncology Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Hiltrud Brauch
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
- iFIT-Cluster of Excellence University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Barbara Burwinkel
- Molecular Epidemiology Group, C080 German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Molecular Biology of Breast Cancer, University Womens Clinic Heidelberg University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Saundra S Buys
- Department of Medicine Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Trinidad Caldés
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory CIBERONC, Hospital Clinico San Carlos, IdISSC (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos), Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria A Caligo
- SOD Genetica Molecolare University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | - Daniele Campa
- Department of Biology University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Brian D Carter
- Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group American Cancer Society Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jose E Castelao
- Oncology and Genetics Unit Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria Galicia Sur (IISGS), Xerencia de Xestion Integrada de Vigo-SERGAS, Vigo, Spain
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Cancer Epidemiology Group, University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH) University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stephen J Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Wendy K Chung
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Christine L Clarke
- Westmead Institute for Medical Research University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - J Margriet Collée
- Department of Clinical Genetics Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Don M Conroy
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kamila Czene
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mary B Daly
- Department of Clinical Genetics Fox Chase Cancer Center Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Peter Devilee
- Department of Pathology Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Orland Diez
- Oncogenetics Group Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain
- Clinical and Molecular Genetics Area University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yuan Chun Ding
- Department of Population Sciences Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Susan M Domchek
- Basser Center for BRCA, Abramson Cancer Center University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Thilo Dörk
- Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Isabel Dos-Santos-Silva
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Alison M Dunning
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Miriam Dwek
- School of Life Sciences University of Westminster, London, UK
| | - Diana M Eccles
- Faculty of Medicine University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - A Heather Eliassen
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christoph Engel
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mikael Eriksson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - D Gareth Evans
- Genomic Medicine, Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester Universities Foundation Trust, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester, UK
- Genomic Medicine, North West Genomics hub Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester Universities Foundation Trust, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - Peter A Fasching
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine Division of Hematology and Oncology University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Comprehensive Cancer Center ER-EMN University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University, Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Henrik Flyger
- Department of Breast Surgery, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Florentia Fostira
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, INRASTES National Centre for Scientific Research íDemokritosí, Athens, Greece
| | - Eitan Friedman
- The Susanne Levy Gertner Oncogenetics Unit Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel
| | - Lin Fritschi
- School of Public Health Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Debra Frost
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Manuela Gago-Dominguez
- Genomic Medicine Group, Galician Foundation of Genomic Medicine Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago, SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Moores Cancer Center University of California, San Diego La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Susan M Gapstur
- Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group American Cancer Society Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Judy Garber
- Division of Cancer Genetics and Prevention, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vanesa Garcia-Barberan
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clínico San Carlos Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Montserrat García-Closas
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - José A García-Sáenz
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clínico San Carlos Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mia M Gaudet
- Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group American Cancer Society Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Simon A Gayther
- Center for Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics and the Cedars Sinai Genomics Core Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Andrea Gehrig
- Department of Human Genetics University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Graham G Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology Division Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew K Godwin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Mark S Goldberg
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Royal Victoria Hospital McGill University Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - David E Goldgar
- Huntsman Cancer Institute and Department of Dermatology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Anna González-Neira
- Human Cancer Genetics Programme Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mark H Greene
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Pascal Guénel
- Cancer & Environment Group, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP) INSERM, University Paris-Sud, University Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Lothar Haeberle
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Eric Hahnen
- Center for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO) Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christopher A Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Per Hall
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Oncology, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ute Hamann
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Patricia A Harrington
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Steven N Hart
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Wei He
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Frans B L Hogervorst
- Family Cancer Clinic, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Antoinette Hollestelle
- Department of Medical Oncology, Family Cancer Clinic Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - John L Hopper
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Darling J Horcasitas
- New Mexico Oncology Hematology Consultants, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Peter J Hulick
- Center for Medical Genetics NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, USA
- The University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - David J Hunter
- Department of Epidemiology Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health Boston, Boston, MA, USA
- Nuffield Department of Population Health University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Agnes Jager
- Department of Medical Oncology, Family Cancer Clinic Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anna Jakubowska
- Department of Genetics and Pathology Pomeranian Medical University Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
- Independent Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genetic Diagnostics Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Paul A James
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Parkville Familial Cancer Centre Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Uffe Birk Jensen
- Department of Clinical Genetics Aarhus, University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Esther M John
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Michael E Jones
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Rudolf Kaaks
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pooja Middha Kapoor
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Beth Y Karlan
- Faculty of Medicine University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Renske Keeman
- Womenís Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Elza Khusnutdinova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russia
- Division of Molecular Pathology The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johanna I Kiiski
- Department of Genetics and Fundamental Medicine Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Russia
| | - Yon-Dschun Ko
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Hospital University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Veli-Matti Kosma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Evangelische Kliniken Bonn gGmbH Johanniter Krankenhaus, Bonn, Germany
- Translational Cancer Research Area University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Peter Kraft
- Department of Epidemiology Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health Boston, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Allison W Kurian
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yael Laitman
- The Susanne Levy Gertner Oncogenetics Unit Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Diether Lambrechts
- VIB Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of Human Genetics University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Loic Le Marchand
- Epidemiology Program University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Jenny Lester
- Faculty of Medicine University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Fabienne Lesueur
- Genetic Epidemiology of Cancer team, Inserm, U900, Paris, France
- Institut Curie Paris, Paris, France
- Mines ParisTech Fontainebleau, Paris, France
- PSL University Paris, Paris, France
| | - Tricia Lindstrom
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Adria Lopez-Fernández
- High Risk and Cancer Prevention Group Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jennifer T Loud
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Craig Luccarini
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Arto Mannermaa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Evangelische Kliniken Bonn gGmbH Johanniter Krankenhaus, Bonn, Germany
- Translational Cancer Research Area University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Siranoush Manoukian
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Margolin
- Department of Oncology, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - John W M Martens
- Department of Medical Oncology, Family Cancer Clinic Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Noura Mebirouk
- Genetic Epidemiology of Cancer team, Inserm, U900, Paris, France
- Institut Curie Paris, Paris, France
- Mines ParisTech Fontainebleau, Paris, France
- PSL University Paris, Paris, France
| | - Alfons Meindl
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics University of Munich, Campus Grosshadern, Munich, Germany
| | - Austin Miller
- NRG Oncology, Statistics and Data Management Center Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Roger L Milne
- Cancer Epidemiology Division Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Marco Montagna
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology, Unit Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Katherine L Nathanson
- Basser Center for BRCA, Abramson Cancer Center University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Susan L Neuhausen
- Department of Population Sciences Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Heli Nevanlinna
- Department of Genetics and Fundamental Medicine Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Russia
| | - Finn C Nielsen
- Center for Genomic Medicine Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Katie M O'Brien
- Epidemiology Branch National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Janet E Olson
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Håkan Olsson
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Clinical Sciences Lund University, Lund, 22242, Sweden
| | - Ana Osorio
- Human Cancer Genetics Programme Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Ottini
- Department of Molecular Medicine University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Michael T Parsons
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Inge Sokilde Pedersen
- Molecular Diagnostics Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Clinical Cancer Research Center Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Beth Peshkin
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Paolo Peterlongo
- Genome Diagnostics Program IFOM - the FIRC (Italian Foundation for Cancer Research) Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Julian Peto
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Paul D P Pharoah
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kelly-Anne Phillips
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Eric C Polley
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Bruce Poppe
- Centre for Medical Genetics Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Nadege Presneau
- School of Life Sciences University of Westminster, London, UK
| | - Miquel Angel Pujana
- Translational Research Laboratory IDIBELL (Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute), Catalan Institute of Oncology, CIBERONC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kevin Punie
- Leuven Multidisciplinary Breast Center, Department of Oncology Leuven Cancer Institute, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paolo Radice
- Unit of Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk and Genetic Testing, Department of Research Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori (INT), Milan, Italy
| | | | - Muhammad U Rashid
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Basic Sciences Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre (SKMCH & RC), Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Gad Rennert
- Clalit National Cancer Control Center Carmel Medical Center and Technion Faculty of Medicine, Haifa, Israel
| | - Hedy S Rennert
- Clalit National Cancer Control Center Carmel Medical Center and Technion Faculty of Medicine, Haifa, Israel
| | - Mark Robson
- Clinical Genetics Service, Department of Medicine Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Atocha Romero
- Medical Oncology Department Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Rossing
- Center for Genomic Medicine Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Dale P Sandler
- Epidemiology Branch National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Regina Santella
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maren T Scheuner
- Cancer Genetics and Prevention Program University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Marjanka K Schmidt
- Womenís Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Division of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gunnar Schmidt
- Institute of Human Genetics Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christopher Scott
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Priyanka Sharma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology University of Kansas Medical Center, Westwood, KS, USA
| | - Penny Soucy
- Genomics Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec - Université Laval Research Center, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Melissa C Southey
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Clinical Pathology The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - John J Spinelli
- Population Oncology BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- School of Population and Public Health University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Zoe Steinsnyder
- Clinical Genetics Research Lab, Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jennifer Stone
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- The Curtin UWA Centre for Genetic Origins of Health and Disease Curtin University and University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Dominique Stoppa-Lyonnet
- Service de Génétique Institut Curie, Paris, France
- Department of Tumour Biology INSERM U830, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Anthony Swerdlow
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Division of Breast Cancer Research Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Rulla M Tamimi
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health Boston, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Jack A Taylor
- Epidemiology Branch National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, USA
- Epigenetic and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH Research Triangle Park, Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Mary Beth Terry
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alex Teulé
- Hereditary Cancer Program ONCOBELL-IDIBELL-IDIBGI-IGTP, Catalan Institute of Oncology, CIBERONC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Darcy L Thull
- Department of Medicine Magee-Womens Hospital, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Marc Tischkowitz
- Program in Cancer Genetics, Departments of Human Genetics and Oncology McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Center, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Amanda E Toland
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Diana Torres
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Alison H Trainer
- Parkville Familial Cancer Centre Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of medicine University Of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Thérèse Truong
- Cancer & Environment Group, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP) INSERM, University Paris-Sud, University Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Nadine Tung
- Department of Medical Oncology Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Celine M Vachon
- Department of Health Science Research, Division of Epidemiology Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ana Vega
- Fundación Pública Galega Medicina Xenómica-SERGAS, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Santiago de Compostela (IDIS); CIBERER, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Joseph Vijai
- Clinical Genetics Service, Department of Medicine Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Clinical Genetics Research Lab, Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Qin Wang
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Barbara Wappenschmidt
- Center for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO) Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Clarice R Weinberg
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH Research Triangle Park, Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | | | - Camilla Wendt
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alicja Wolk
- Institute of Environmental Medicine Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Surgical Sciences Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Xiaohong R Yang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Drakoulis Yannoukakos
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, INRASTES National Centre for Scientific Research íDemokritosí, Athens, Greece
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Argyrios Ziogas
- Department of Epidemiology, Genetic Epidemiology Research Institute University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Kristin K Zorn
- Magee-Womens Hospital, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sue K Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea
- Cancer Research Institute Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mads Thomassen
- Department of Clinical Genetics Odense University Hospital, Odence C, Denmark
| | - Kenneth Offit
- Clinical Genetics Service, Department of Medicine Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Clinical Genetics Research Lab, Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rita K Schmutzler
- Center for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO) Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Fergus J Couch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jacques Simard
- Department of Epidemiology, Genetic Epidemiology Research Institute University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Georgia Chenevix-Trench
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Douglas F Easton
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nadine Andrieu
- Genetic Epidemiology of Cancer team, Inserm, U900, Paris, France.
- Institut Curie Paris, Paris, France.
- Mines ParisTech Fontainebleau, Paris, France.
- PSL University Paris, Paris, France.
| | - Antonis C Antoniou
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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Giardiello D, Hauptmann M, Steyerberg EW, Adank MA, Akdeniz D, Blom JC, Blomqvist C, Bojesen SE, Bolla MK, Brinkhuis M, Chang-Claude J, Czene K, Devilee P, Dunning AM, Easton DF, Eccles DM, Fasching PA, Figueroa J, Flyger H, García-Closas M, Haeberle L, Haiman CA, Hall P, Hamann U, Hopper JL, Jager A, Jakubowska A, Jung A, Keeman R, Koppert LB, Kramer I, Lambrechts D, Le Marchand L, Lindblom A, Lubiński J, Manoochehri M, Mariani L, Nevanlinna H, Oldenburg HSA, Pelders S, Pharoah PDP, Shah M, Siesling S, Smit VTHBM, Southey MC, Tapper WJ, Tollenaar RAEM, van den Broek AJ, van Deurzen CHM, van Leeuwen FE, van Ongeval C, Van't Veer LJ, Wang Q, Wendt C, Westenend PJ, Hooning MJ, Schmidt MK. Prediction of contralateral breast cancer: external validation of risk calculators in 20 international cohorts. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2020; 181:423-434. [PMID: 32279280 PMCID: PMC8380991 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-020-05611-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Three tools are currently available to predict the risk of contralateral breast cancer (CBC). We aimed to compare the performance of the Manchester formula, CBCrisk, and PredictCBC in patients with invasive breast cancer (BC). METHODS We analyzed data of 132,756 patients (4682 CBC) from 20 international studies with a median follow-up of 8.8 years. Prediction performance included discrimination, quantified as a time-dependent Area-Under-the-Curve (AUC) at 5 and 10 years after diagnosis of primary BC, and calibration, quantified as the expected-observed (E/O) ratio at 5 and 10 years and the calibration slope. RESULTS The AUC at 10 years was: 0.58 (95% confidence intervals [CI] 0.57-0.59) for CBCrisk; 0.60 (95% CI 0.59-0.61) for the Manchester formula; 0.63 (95% CI 0.59-0.66) and 0.59 (95% CI 0.56-0.62) for PredictCBC-1A (for settings where BRCA1/2 mutation status is available) and PredictCBC-1B (for the general population), respectively. The E/O at 10 years: 0.82 (95% CI 0.51-1.32) for CBCrisk; 1.53 (95% CI 0.63-3.73) for the Manchester formula; 1.28 (95% CI 0.63-2.58) for PredictCBC-1A and 1.35 (95% CI 0.65-2.77) for PredictCBC-1B. The calibration slope was 1.26 (95% CI 1.01-1.50) for CBCrisk; 0.90 (95% CI 0.79-1.02) for PredictCBC-1A; 0.81 (95% CI 0.63-0.99) for PredictCBC-1B, and 0.39 (95% CI 0.34-0.43) for the Manchester formula. CONCLUSIONS Current CBC risk prediction tools provide only moderate discrimination and the Manchester formula was poorly calibrated. Better predictors and re-calibration are needed to improve CBC prediction and to identify low- and high-CBC risk patients for clinical decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Giardiello
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni Van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Michael Hauptmann
- Brandenburg Medical School, Institute of Biostatistics and Registry Research, Neuruppin, Germany
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni Van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ewout W Steyerberg
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Muriel A Adank
- Family Cancer Clinic, The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni Van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Delal Akdeniz
- Department of Medical Oncology, Family Cancer Clinic, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jannet C Blom
- Department of Medical Oncology, Family Cancer Clinic, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carl Blomqvist
- Department of Oncology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Oncology, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Stig E Bojesen
- Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Manjeet K Bolla
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mariël Brinkhuis
- Laboratory for Pathology, East-Netherlands, Hengelo, The Netherlands
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Cancer Epidemiology, University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kamila Czene
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Devilee
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Alison M Dunning
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Douglas F Easton
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Diana M Eccles
- Cancer Sciences Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Peter A Fasching
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California At Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- University Hospital Erlangen, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Comprehensive Cancer Center ER-EMN, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jonine Figueroa
- The University of Edinburgh Medical School, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, Edinburgh, UK
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Henrik Flyger
- Department of Breast Surgery, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Montserrat García-Closas
- Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Lothar Haeberle
- University Hospital Erlangen, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Comprehensive Cancer Center ER-EMN, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christopher A Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Per Hall
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Oncology, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ute Hamann
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - John L Hopper
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Agnes Jager
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anna Jakubowska
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
- Independent Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genetic Diagnostics, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Audrey Jung
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Renske Keeman
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni Van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Linetta B Koppert
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Iris Kramer
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni Van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Diether Lambrechts
- VIB Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Loic Le Marchand
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Annika Lindblom
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan Lubiński
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Mehdi Manoochehri
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Luigi Mariani
- Unit of Clinical Epidemiology and Trial Organization, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Heli Nevanlinna
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hester S A Oldenburg
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni Van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia Pelders
- Department of Medical Oncology, Family Cancer Clinic, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paul D P Pharoah
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mitul Shah
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sabine Siesling
- Department of Research, Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organisation, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent T H B M Smit
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Melissa C Southey
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Rob A E M Tollenaar
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Alexandra J van den Broek
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni Van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Flora E van Leeuwen
- Division of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni Van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Chantal van Ongeval
- Leuven Cancer Institute, Leuven Multidisciplinary Breast Center, Department of Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Laura J Van't Veer
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni Van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Qin Wang
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Camilla Wendt
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Maartje J Hooning
- Department of Medical Oncology, Family Cancer Clinic, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marjanka K Schmidt
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni Van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Division of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni Van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Yang X, Leslie G, Doroszuk A, Schneider S, Allen J, Decker B, Dunning AM, Redman J, Scarth J, Plaskocinska I, Luccarini C, Shah M, Pooley K, Dorling L, Lee A, Adank MA, Adlard J, Aittomäki K, Andrulis IL, Ang P, Barwell J, Bernstein JL, Bobolis K, Borg Å, Blomqvist C, Claes KB, Concannon P, Cuggia A, Culver JO, Damiola F, de Pauw A, Diez O, Dolinsky JS, Domchek SM, Engel C, Evans DG, Fostira F, Garber J, Golmard L, Goode EL, Gruber SB, Hahnen E, Hake C, Heikkinen T, Hurley JE, Janavicius R, Kleibl Z, Kleiblova P, Konstantopoulou I, Kvist A, Laduca H, Lee AS, Lesueur F, Maher ER, Mannermaa A, Manoukian S, McFarland R, McKinnon W, Meindl A, Metcalfe K, Mohd Taib NA, Moilanen J, Nathanson KL, Neuhausen S, Ng PS, Nguyen-Dumont T, Nielsen SM, Obermair F, Offit K, Olopade OI, Ottini L, Penkert J, Pylkäs K, Radice P, Ramus SJ, Rudaitis V, Side L, Silva-Smith R, Silvestri V, Skytte AB, Slavin T, Soukupova J, Tondini C, Trainer AH, Unzeitig G, Usha L, van Overeem Hansen T, Whitworth J, Wood M, Yip CH, Yoon SY, Yussuf A, Zogopoulos G, Goldgar D, Hopper JL, Chenevix-Trench G, Pharoah P, George SH, Balmaña J, Houdayer C, James P, El-Haffaf Z, Ehrencrona H, Janatova M, Peterlongo P, Nevanlinna H, Schmutzler R, Teo SH, Robson M, Pal T, Couch F, Weitzel JN, Elliott A, Southey M, Winqvist R, Easton DF, Foulkes WD, Antoniou AC, Tischkowitz M. Cancer Risks Associated With Germline PALB2 Pathogenic Variants: An International Study of 524 Families. J Clin Oncol 2020; 38:674-685. [PMID: 31841383 PMCID: PMC7049229 DOI: 10.1200/jco.19.01907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To estimate age-specific relative and absolute cancer risks of breast cancer and to estimate risks of ovarian, pancreatic, male breast, prostate, and colorectal cancers associated with germline PALB2 pathogenic variants (PVs) because these risks have not been extensively characterized. METHODS We analyzed data from 524 families with PALB2 PVs from 21 countries. Complex segregation analysis was used to estimate relative risks (RRs; relative to country-specific population incidences) and absolute risks of cancers. The models allowed for residual familial aggregation of breast and ovarian cancer and were adjusted for the family-specific ascertainment schemes. RESULTS We found associations between PALB2 PVs and risk of female breast cancer (RR, 7.18; 95% CI, 5.82 to 8.85; P = 6.5 × 10-76), ovarian cancer (RR, 2.91; 95% CI, 1.40 to 6.04; P = 4.1 × 10-3), pancreatic cancer (RR, 2.37; 95% CI, 1.24 to 4.50; P = 8.7 × 10-3), and male breast cancer (RR, 7.34; 95% CI, 1.28 to 42.18; P = 2.6 × 10-2). There was no evidence for increased risks of prostate or colorectal cancer. The breast cancer RRs declined with age (P for trend = 2.0 × 10-3). After adjusting for family ascertainment, breast cancer risk estimates on the basis of multiple case families were similar to the estimates from families ascertained through population-based studies (P for difference = .41). On the basis of the combined data, the estimated risks to age 80 years were 53% (95% CI, 44% to 63%) for female breast cancer, 5% (95% CI, 2% to 10%) for ovarian cancer, 2%-3% (95% CI females, 1% to 4%; 95% CI males, 2% to 5%) for pancreatic cancer, and 1% (95% CI, 0.2% to 5%) for male breast cancer. CONCLUSION These results confirm PALB2 as a major breast cancer susceptibility gene and establish substantial associations between germline PALB2 PVs and ovarian, pancreatic, and male breast cancers. These findings will facilitate incorporation of PALB2 into risk prediction models and optimize the clinical cancer risk management of PALB2 PV carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yang
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Goska Leslie
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Alicja Doroszuk
- Department of Medical Genetics, NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, and Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sandra Schneider
- Department of Medical Genetics, NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, and Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jamie Allen
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Brennan Decker
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Cancer Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Alison M. Dunning
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology,University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - James Redman
- Department of Medical Genetics, NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, and Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - James Scarth
- Department of Medical Genetics, NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, and Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Inga Plaskocinska
- Department of Medical Genetics, NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, and Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Craig Luccarini
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology,University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Mitul Shah
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology,University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Karen Pooley
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Leila Dorling
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Lee
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Muriel A. Adank
- Family Cancer Clinic, The Netherlands Cancer Institute–Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Julian Adlard
- Yorkshire Regional Genetics Service, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Kristiina Aittomäki
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Irene L. Andrulis
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter Ang
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Julian Barwell
- Leicestershire Clinical Genetics Service, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Jonine L. Bernstein
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Kristie Bobolis
- Clinical Cancer Genomics Community Research Network, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Åke Borg
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Carl Blomqvist
- Department of Oncology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Patrick Concannon
- University of Florida Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Adeline Cuggia
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- The Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Julie O. Culver
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | | | - Orland Diez
- Oncogenetics Group, Clinical and Molecular Genetics Area, Vall d’Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), University Hospital, Vall d’Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Susan M. Domchek
- Department ofMedicine, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Prospective Registry of Multiplex Testing (PROMPT), United States and Europe
| | - Christoph Engel
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - D. Gareth Evans
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, University of Manchester; Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary’s Hospital–Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust; and Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Florentia Fostira
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, INRASTES, National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos,” Athens, Greece
| | - Judy Garber
- Prospective Registry of Multiplex Testing (PROMPT), United States and Europe
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Lisa Golmard
- Service de Génétique, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Ellen L. Goode
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | | | - Eric Hahnen
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christopher Hake
- Clinical Cancer Genomics Community Research Network, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Tuomas Heikkinen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Judith E. Hurley
- Division of Medical Oncology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Ramunas Janavicius
- Hematology, Oncology and Transfusion Medicine Center, Department of Molecular and Regenerative Medicine, Vilnius University Hospital Santariskiu Clinics, Vilnius, Lithuania
- State Research Institute Innovative Medicine Center, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Zdenek Kleibl
- Institute of Biochemistry and Experimental Oncology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Kleiblova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Experimental Oncology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Irene Konstantopoulou
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, INRASTES, National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos,” Athens, Greece
| | - Anders Kvist
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Ann S.G. Lee
- Leicestershire Clinical Genetics Service, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, United Kingdom
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- SingHealth Duke-NUS Oncology Academic Clinical Programme (ONCO ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Fabienne Lesueur
- INSERM U900, Institut Curie, PSL University, Mines ParisTech, Paris, France
| | - Eamonn R. Maher
- Department of Medical Genetics, NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, and Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Arto Mannermaa
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Siranoush Manoukian
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Rachel McFarland
- Ambry Genetics, Aliso Viejo, CA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA
| | - Wendy McKinnon
- Familial Cancer Program, The University of Vermont Cancer Center, Burlington, VT
| | - Alfons Meindl
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Kelly Metcalfe
- Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nur Aishah Mohd Taib
- University Malaya Cancer Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jukka Moilanen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Oulu University Hospital, Medical Research Center Oulu and PEDEGO Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Katherine L. Nathanson
- Department ofMedicine, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Susan Neuhausen
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Pei Sze Ng
- University Malaya Cancer Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Cancer Research Malaysia, Subang Jaya Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Tu Nguyen-Dumont
- Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sarah M. Nielsen
- Center for Clinical Cancer Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Florian Obermair
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Kepler University Hospital Linz and Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Tumor Cytogenetics, Ordensklinikum Linz, Linz, Austria
| | - Kenneth Offit
- Prospective Registry of Multiplex Testing (PROMPT), United States and Europe
- Clinical Genetics Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | | | - Laura Ottini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Judith Penkert
- Department of Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Katri Pylkäs
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, and Northern Finland Laboratory Centre, Oulu, Finland
| | - Paolo Radice
- Unit of Molecular Basis of Genetic Risk and Genetic Testing, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Susan J. Ramus
- School of Women’s and Children’s Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Vilius Rudaitis
- Hematology, Oncology and Transfusion Medicine Center, Department of Molecular and Regenerative Medicine, Vilnius University Hospital Santariskiu Clinics, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Lucy Side
- Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, Princess Anne Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Silva-Smith
- Department of Genetics, University of MiamiMiller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | | | - Anne-Bine Skytte
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Thomas Slavin
- Clinical Cancer Genomics Community Research Network, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Division of Clinical Cancer Genomics, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Jana Soukupova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Experimental Oncology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Carlo Tondini
- Unit of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology and Hematology,Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Alison H. Trainer
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Parkville Familial Cancer Centre, Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gary Unzeitig
- Clinical Cancer Genomics Community Research Network, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Lydia Usha
- Clinical Cancer Genomics Community Research Network, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Thomas van Overeem Hansen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - James Whitworth
- Department of Medical Genetics, NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, and Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Marie Wood
- Familial Cancer Program, The University of Vermont Cancer Center, Burlington, VT
| | - Cheng Har Yip
- Cancer Research Malaysia, Subang Jaya Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sook-Yee Yoon
- Cancer Research Malaysia, Subang Jaya Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - George Zogopoulos
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- The Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - David Goldgar
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - John L. Hopper
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Georgia Chenevix-Trench
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Paul Pharoah
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sophia H.L. George
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Judith Balmaña
- Oncogenetics Group, Clinical and Molecular Genetics Area, Vall d’Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), University Hospital, Vall d’Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- Prospective Registry of Multiplex Testing (PROMPT), United States and Europe
| | - Claude Houdayer
- Service de Génétique, Institut Curie, Paris, France
- Genetics Department, F76000 and Normandy University, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1245, Normandy Centre for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Paul James
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Parkville Familial Cancer Centre, Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Zaki El-Haffaf
- Department of Genetics, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Hans Ehrencrona
- Department of Clinical Genetics and Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Office for Medical Services, Lund, Sweden
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Marketa Janatova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Experimental Oncology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Paolo Peterlongo
- Genome Diagnostics Program, IFOM–The FIRC Institute for Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Heli Nevanlinna
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rita Schmutzler
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Soo-Hwang Teo
- University Malaya Cancer Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Cancer Research Malaysia, Subang Jaya Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mark Robson
- Prospective Registry of Multiplex Testing (PROMPT), United States and Europe
- Breast Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Tuya Pal
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Fergus Couch
- Prospective Registry of Multiplex Testing (PROMPT), United States and Europe
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Jeffrey N. Weitzel
- Clinical Cancer Genomics Community Research Network, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Division of Clinical Cancer Genomics, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | | | - Melissa Southey
- Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Robert Winqvist
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, and Northern Finland Laboratory Centre, Oulu, Finland
| | - Douglas F. Easton
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - William D. Foulkes
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Departments of Human Genetics, Oncology, and Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Antonis C. Antoniou
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Marc Tischkowitz
- Department of Medical Genetics, NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, and Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Giardiello D, Steyerberg EW, Hauptmann M, Adank MA, Jager A, Oldenburg HOA, Hooning MJ, Schmidt MK. Abstract P5-07-12: Prediction and clinical utility of a contralateral breast cancer risk model. Cancer Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs19-p5-07-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Breast cancer survivors are at risk for contralateral breast cancer (CBC), with the consequent burden of further treatment and potentially less favorable prognosis. We aimed to develop and validate a CBC risk prediction model, and evaluate its applicability for clinical decision-making.
Methods: We included data of 132,756 invasive non-metastatic breast cancer patients from 20 studies with 4,682 CBC events and a median follow-up of 8.8 years. We developed a multivariable Fine and Gray prediction model (PredictCBC-1A) including patient, primary tumor, and treatment characteristics, and BRCA1/2 germline mutation status, accounting for the competing risks of death and distant metastasis. We also developed a model without BRCA1/2 mutation status (PredictCBC-1B). Prediction performance was evaluated using calibration and discrimination, calculated by a time-dependent Area-Under-the-Curve (AUC) at 5 and 10 years after diagnosis of primary breast cancer, and an internal-external cross-validation procedure. Decision curve analysis was performed to evaluate the net benefit of the model to quantify clinical utility.
Results: In the multivariable model, BRCA1/2 germline mutation status, family history and systemic adjuvant treatment showed the strongest associations with CBC risk. The AUC of PredictCBC-1A was 0.63 (95% prediction interval (PI) at 5 years: 0.52–0.74; at 10 years: 0.53–0.72). Calibration in-the-large was -0.13 (95%PI: -1.62–1.37) and the calibration slope was 0.90 (95%PI: 0.73–1.08). The AUC of Predict-1B at 10 years was 0.59 (95% PI: 0.52–0.66); calibration was slightly lower. Decision curve analysis for preventive contralateral mastectomy showed potential clinical utility of PredictCBC-1A between thresholds of 4-10% 10-year CBC risk for BRCA1/2 mutation carriers and non-carriers.
Conclusions: We developed a reasonably calibrated model to predict the risk of CBC in women of European-descent, however, prediction accuracy was moderate. Our model shows potential for improved risk counseling, but decision regarding contralateral preventive mastectomy, especially in the general breast cancer population, remains challenging.
Citation Format: Daniele Giardiello, Ewout W Steyerberg, Michael Hauptmann, Muriel A Adank, Agnes Jager, Hester OA Oldenburg, Maartje J Hooning, Marjanka K Schmidt, Breast Cancer Association Consortium. Prediction and clinical utility of a contralateral breast cancer risk model [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2019 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2019 Dec 10-14; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-07-12.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Muriel A Adank
- 1The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Agnes Jager
- 4Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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Giardiello D, Steyerberg EW, Hauptmann M, Adank MA, Akdeniz D, Blomqvist C, Bojesen SE, Bolla MK, Brinkhuis M, Chang-Claude J, Czene K, Devilee P, Dunning AM, Easton DF, Eccles DM, Fasching PA, Figueroa J, Flyger H, García-Closas M, Haeberle L, Haiman CA, Hall P, Hamann U, Hopper JL, Jager A, Jakubowska A, Jung A, Keeman R, Kramer I, Lambrechts D, Le Marchand L, Lindblom A, Lubiński J, Manoochehri M, Mariani L, Nevanlinna H, Oldenburg HSA, Pelders S, Pharoah PDP, Shah M, Siesling S, Smit VTHBM, Southey MC, Tapper WJ, Tollenaar RAEM, van den Broek AJ, van Deurzen CHM, van Leeuwen FE, van Ongeval C, Van't Veer LJ, Wang Q, Wendt C, Westenend PJ, Hooning MJ, Schmidt MK. Prediction and clinical utility of a contralateral breast cancer risk model. Breast Cancer Res 2019; 21:144. [PMID: 31847907 PMCID: PMC6918633 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-019-1221-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer survivors are at risk for contralateral breast cancer (CBC), with the consequent burden of further treatment and potentially less favorable prognosis. We aimed to develop and validate a CBC risk prediction model and evaluate its applicability for clinical decision-making. METHODS We included data of 132,756 invasive non-metastatic breast cancer patients from 20 studies with 4682 CBC events and a median follow-up of 8.8 years. We developed a multivariable Fine and Gray prediction model (PredictCBC-1A) including patient, primary tumor, and treatment characteristics and BRCA1/2 germline mutation status, accounting for the competing risks of death and distant metastasis. We also developed a model without BRCA1/2 mutation status (PredictCBC-1B) since this information was available for only 6% of patients and is routinely unavailable in the general breast cancer population. Prediction performance was evaluated using calibration and discrimination, calculated by a time-dependent area under the curve (AUC) at 5 and 10 years after diagnosis of primary breast cancer, and an internal-external cross-validation procedure. Decision curve analysis was performed to evaluate the net benefit of the model to quantify clinical utility. RESULTS In the multivariable model, BRCA1/2 germline mutation status, family history, and systemic adjuvant treatment showed the strongest associations with CBC risk. The AUC of PredictCBC-1A was 0.63 (95% prediction interval (PI) at 5 years, 0.52-0.74; at 10 years, 0.53-0.72). Calibration-in-the-large was -0.13 (95% PI: -1.62-1.37), and the calibration slope was 0.90 (95% PI: 0.73-1.08). The AUC of Predict-1B at 10 years was 0.59 (95% PI: 0.52-0.66); calibration was slightly lower. Decision curve analysis for preventive contralateral mastectomy showed potential clinical utility of PredictCBC-1A between thresholds of 4-10% 10-year CBC risk for BRCA1/2 mutation carriers and non-carriers. CONCLUSIONS We developed a reasonably calibrated model to predict the risk of CBC in women of European-descent; however, prediction accuracy was moderate. Our model shows potential for improved risk counseling, but decision-making regarding contralateral preventive mastectomy, especially in the general breast cancer population where limited information of the mutation status in BRCA1/2 is available, remains challenging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Giardiello
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ewout W Steyerberg
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michael Hauptmann
- Institute of Biometry and Registry Research, Brandenburg Medical School, Neuruppin, Germany
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Muriel A Adank
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek hospital, Family Cancer Clinic, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Delal Akdeniz
- Department of Medical Oncology, Family Cancer Clinic, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carl Blomqvist
- Department of Oncology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Oncology, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Stig E Bojesen
- Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Manjeet K Bolla
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mariël Brinkhuis
- East-Netherlands, Laboratory for Pathology, Hengelo, The Netherlands
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Cancer Epidemiology Group, University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kamila Czene
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Devilee
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Alison M Dunning
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Douglas F Easton
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Diana M Eccles
- Cancer Sciences Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Peter A Fasching
- Department of Medicine Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California at Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Comprehensive Cancer Center ER-EMN, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jonine Figueroa
- Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, The University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, UK
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Henrik Flyger
- Department of Breast Surgery, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Montserrat García-Closas
- Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Lothar Haeberle
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Comprehensive Cancer Center ER-EMN, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christopher A Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Per Hall
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Oncology, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ute Hamann
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - John L Hopper
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Agnes Jager
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anna Jakubowska
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
- Independent Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genetic Diagnostics, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Audrey Jung
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Renske Keeman
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Iris Kramer
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Diether Lambrechts
- VIB Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Loic Le Marchand
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Epidemiology Program, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Annika Lindblom
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan Lubiński
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Mehdi Manoochehri
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Luigi Mariani
- Unit of Clinical Epidemiology and Trial Organization, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Heli Nevanlinna
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hester S A Oldenburg
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia Pelders
- Department of Medical Oncology, Family Cancer Clinic, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paul D P Pharoah
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mitul Shah
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sabine Siesling
- Department of Research, Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organisation, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent T H B M Smit
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Melissa C Southey
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Rob A E M Tollenaar
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Alexandra J van den Broek
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Flora E van Leeuwen
- Division of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066, CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Chantal van Ongeval
- Leuven Multidisciplinary Breast Center, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Laura J Van't Veer
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Qin Wang
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Camilla Wendt
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Maartje J Hooning
- Department of Medical Oncology, Family Cancer Clinic, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marjanka K Schmidt
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Division of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066, CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Figlioli G, Bogliolo M, Catucci I, Caleca L, Lasheras SV, Pujol R, Kiiski JI, Muranen TA, Barnes DR, Dennis J, Michailidou K, Bolla MK, Leslie G, Aalfs CM, Adank MA, Adlard J, Agata S, Cadoo K, Agnarsson BA, Ahearn T, Aittomäki K, Ambrosone CB, Andrews L, Anton-Culver H, Antonenkova NN, Arndt V, Arnold N, Aronson KJ, Arun BK, Asseryanis E, Auber B, Auvinen P, Azzollini J, Balmaña J, Barkardottir RB, Barrowdale D, Barwell J, Beane Freeman LE, Beauparlant CJ, Beckmann MW, Behrens S, Benitez J, Berger R, Bermisheva M, Blanco AM, Blomqvist C, Bogdanova NV, Bojesen A, Bojesen SE, Bonanni B, Borg A, Brady AF, Brauch H, Brenner H, Brüning T, Burwinkel B, Buys SS, Caldés T, Caliebe A, Caligo MA, Campa D, Campbell IG, Canzian F, Castelao JE, Chang-Claude J, Chanock SJ, Claes KBM, Clarke CL, Collavoli A, Conner TA, Cox DG, Cybulski C, Czene K, Daly MB, de la Hoya M, Devilee P, Diez O, Ding YC, Dite GS, Ditsch N, Domchek SM, Dorfling CM, dos-Santos-Silva I, Durda K, Dwek M, Eccles DM, Ekici AB, Eliassen AH, Ellberg C, Eriksson M, Evans DG, Fasching PA, Figueroa J, Flyger H, Foulkes WD, Friebel TM, Friedman E, Gabrielson M, Gaddam P, Gago-Dominguez M, Gao C, Gapstur SM, Garber J, García-Closas M, García-Sáenz JA, Gaudet MM, Gayther SA, Giles GG, Glendon G, Godwin AK, Goldberg MS, Goldgar DE, Guénel P, Gutierrez-Barrera AM, Haeberle L, Haiman CA, Håkansson N, Hall P, Hamann U, Harrington PA, Hein A, Heyworth J, Hillemanns P, Hollestelle A, Hopper JL, Hosgood HD, Howell A, Hu C, Hulick PJ, Hunter DJ, Imyanitov EN, Isaacs C, Jakimovska M, Jakubowska A, James P, Janavicius R, Janni W, John EM, Jones ME, Jung A, Kaaks R, Karlan BY, Khusnutdinova E, Kitahara CM, Konstantopoulou I, Koutros S, Kraft P, Lambrechts D, Lazaro C, Le Marchand L, Lester J, Lesueur F, Lilyquist J, Loud JT, Lu KH, Luben RN, Lubinski J, Mannermaa A, Manoochehri M, Manoukian S, Margolin S, Martens JWM, Maurer T, Mavroudis D, Mebirouk N, Meindl A, Menon U, Miller A, Montagna M, Nathanson KL, Neuhausen SL, Newman WG, Nguyen-Dumont T, Nielsen FC, Nielsen S, Nikitina-Zake L, Offit K, Olah E, Olopade OI, Olshan AF, Olson JE, Olsson H, Osorio A, Ottini L, Peissel B, Peixoto A, Peto J, Plaseska-Karanfilska D, Pocza T, Presneau N, Pujana MA, Punie K, Rack B, Rantala J, Rashid MU, Rau-Murthy R, Rennert G, Lejbkowicz F, Rhenius V, Romero A, Rookus MA, Ross EA, Rossing M, Rudaitis V, Ruebner M, Saloustros E, Sanden K, Santamariña M, Scheuner MT, Schmutzler RK, Schneider M, Scott C, Senter L, Shah M, Sharma P, Shu XO, Simard J, Singer CF, Sohn C, Soucy P, Southey MC, Spinelli JJ, Steele L, Stoppa-Lyonnet D, Tapper WJ, Teixeira MR, Terry MB, Thomassen M, Thompson J, Thull DL, Tischkowitz M, Tollenaar RA, Torres D, Troester MA, Truong T, Tung N, Untch M, Vachon CM, van Rensburg EJ, van Veen EM, Vega A, Viel A, Wappenschmidt B, Weitzel JN, Wendt C, Wieme G, Wolk A, Yang XR, Zheng W, Ziogas A, Zorn KK, Dunning AM, Lush M, Wang Q, McGuffog L, Parsons MT, Pharoah PDP, Fostira F, Toland AE, Andrulis IL, Ramus SJ, Swerdlow AJ, Greene MH, Chung WK, Milne RL, Chenevix-Trench G, Dörk T, Schmidt MK, Easton DF, Radice P, Hahnen E, Antoniou AC, Couch FJ, Nevanlinna H, Surrallés J, Peterlongo P. The FANCM:p.Arg658* truncating variant is associated with risk of triple-negative breast cancer. NPJ Breast Cancer 2019; 5:38. [PMID: 31700994 PMCID: PMC6825205 DOI: 10.1038/s41523-019-0127-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a common disease partially caused by genetic risk factors. Germline pathogenic variants in DNA repair genes BRCA1, BRCA2, PALB2, ATM, and CHEK2 are associated with breast cancer risk. FANCM, which encodes for a DNA translocase, has been proposed as a breast cancer predisposition gene, with greater effects for the ER-negative and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) subtypes. We tested the three recurrent protein-truncating variants FANCM:p.Arg658*, p.Gln1701*, and p.Arg1931* for association with breast cancer risk in 67,112 cases, 53,766 controls, and 26,662 carriers of pathogenic variants of BRCA1 or BRCA2. These three variants were also studied functionally by measuring survival and chromosome fragility in FANCM -/- patient-derived immortalized fibroblasts treated with diepoxybutane or olaparib. We observed that FANCM:p.Arg658* was associated with increased risk of ER-negative disease and TNBC (OR = 2.44, P = 0.034 and OR = 3.79; P = 0.009, respectively). In a country-restricted analysis, we confirmed the associations detected for FANCM:p.Arg658* and found that also FANCM:p.Arg1931* was associated with ER-negative breast cancer risk (OR = 1.96; P = 0.006). The functional results indicated that all three variants were deleterious affecting cell survival and chromosome stability with FANCM:p.Arg658* causing more severe phenotypes. In conclusion, we confirmed that the two rare FANCM deleterious variants p.Arg658* and p.Arg1931* are risk factors for ER-negative and TNBC subtypes. Overall our data suggest that the effect of truncating variants on breast cancer risk may depend on their position in the gene. Cell sensitivity to olaparib exposure, identifies a possible therapeutic option to treat FANCM-associated tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisella Figlioli
- IFOM - the FIRC Institute for Molecular Oncology, Genome Diagnostics Program, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Bogliolo
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona Spain
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Sant Pau Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Irene Catucci
- IFOM - the FIRC Institute for Molecular Oncology, Genome Diagnostics Program, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Caleca
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Unit of Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk and Genetic Testing, Department of Research, Milan, Italy
| | - Sandra Viz Lasheras
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona Spain
| | - Roser Pujol
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona Spain
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Sant Pau Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Johanna I. Kiiski
- University of Helsinki, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Taru A. Muranen
- University of Helsinki, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Daniel R. Barnes
- University of Cambridge, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Cambridge, UK
| | - Joe Dennis
- University of Cambridge, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kyriaki Michailidou
- University of Cambridge, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Cambridge, UK
- The Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, Department of Electron Microscopy/Molecular Pathology and The Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Manjeet K. Bolla
- University of Cambridge, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Cambridge, UK
| | - Goska Leslie
- University of Cambridge, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Cambridge, UK
| | - Cora M. Aalfs
- Amsterdam UMC, lokatie AMC, Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Muriel A. Adank
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek hospital, Family Cancer Clinic, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Julian Adlard
- Chapel Allerton Hospital, Yorkshire Regional Genetics Service, Leeds, UK
| | - Simona Agata
- Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - IRCCS, Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Padua, Italy
| | - Karen Cadoo
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, New York, NY USA
| | - Bjarni A. Agnarsson
- Landspitali University Hospital, Department of Pathology, Reykjavik, Iceland
- University of Iceland, School of Medicine, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Thomas Ahearn
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Kristiina Aittomäki
- University of Helsinki, Department of Clinical Genetics, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Lesley Andrews
- Nelune Comprehensive Cancer Care Centre, The Bright Alliance Building, Randwick, NSW Australia
| | - Hoda Anton-Culver
- University of California Irvine, Department of Epidemiology, Genetic Epidemiology Research Institute, Irvine, CA USA
| | | | - Volker Arndt
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Norbert Arnold
- University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, and Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel, Germany
| | - Kristan J. Aronson
- Queen’s University, Department of Public Health Sciences, and Cancer Research Institute, Kingston, ON Canada
| | - Banu K. Arun
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Breast Medical Oncology, Houston, TX USA
| | - Ella Asseryanis
- Medical University of Vienna, Dept of OB/GYN and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernd Auber
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Human Genetics, Hannover, Germany
| | - Päivi Auvinen
- Kuopio University Hospital, Cancer Center, Kuopio, Finland
- University of Eastern Finland, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oncology, Kuopio, Finland
- University of Eastern Finland, Translational Cancer Research Area, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jacopo Azzollini
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Unit of Medical Genetics, Milan, Italy
| | - Judith Balmaña
- Vall d’Hebron Institute of Oncology, High Risk and Cancer Prevention Group, Barcelona, Spain
- University Hospital, Vall d’Hebron, Department of Medical Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa B. Barkardottir
- Landspitali University Hospital, Department of Pathology, Reykjavik, Iceland
- University of Iceland, BMC (Biomedical Centre), Faculty of Medicine, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Daniel Barrowdale
- University of Cambridge, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Cambridge, UK
| | - Julian Barwell
- University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicestershire Clinical Genetics Service, Leicester, UK
| | - Laura E. Beane Freeman
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Charles Joly Beauparlant
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec – Université Laval, Research Center, Genomics Center, Québec City, QC Canada
| | - Matthias W. Beckmann
- University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Comprehensive Cancer Center ER-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sabine Behrens
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Javier Benitez
- Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Human Genetics Group, Human Cancer Genetics Programme, Madrid, Spain
- Spanish Network on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
- Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Genotyping Unit (CEGEN), Human Cancer Genetics Programme, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raanan Berger
- Chaim Sheba Medical Center, The Institute of Oncology, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Marina Bermisheva
- Ufa Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa, Russia
| | - Amie M. Blanco
- University of California San Francisco, Cancer Genetics and Prevention Program, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Carl Blomqvist
- University of Helsinki, Department of Oncology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Örebro University Hospital, Department of Oncology, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Natalia V. Bogdanova
- N.N. Alexandrov Research Institute of Oncology and Medical Radiology, Minsk, Belarus
- Hannover Medical School, Department of Radiation Oncology, Hannover, Germany
- Hannover Medical School, Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover, Germany
| | - Anders Bojesen
- Aarhus University Hospital, Department of Clinical Genetics, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Stig E. Bojesen
- Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
- Copenhagen University Hospital, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
- University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bernardo Bonanni
- IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, Milan, Italy
| | - Ake Borg
- Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Department of Oncology, Lund, Sweden
| | - Angela F. Brady
- London North West University Hospitals NHS Trust, Northwick Park Hospital, North West Thames Regional Genetics Service, Kennedy Galton Centre, Harrow, UK
| | - Hiltrud Brauch
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
- University of Tübingen, iFIT-Cluster of Excellence, Tübingen, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hermann Brenner
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Division of Preventive Oncology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Brüning
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Barbara Burwinkel
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Molecular Epidemiology Group, C080 Heidelberg, Germany
- University of Heidelberg, Molecular Biology of Breast Cancer, University Womens Clinic Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Saundra S. Buys
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Department of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT USA
| | - Trinidad Caldés
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Almuth Caliebe
- University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Institute of Human Genetics, Kiel, Germany
| | - Maria A. Caligo
- University Hospital of Pisa, Section of Molecular Genetics, Dept. of Laboratory Medicine, Pisa, Italy
| | - Daniele Campa
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Heidelberg, Germany
- University of Pisa, Department of Biology, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ian G. Campbell
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, Research Division, Melbourne, VIC Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Federico Canzian
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Genomic Epidemiology Group, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jose E. Castelao
- Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria Galicia Sur (IISGS), Xerencia de Xestion Integrada de Vigo-SERGAS, Oncology and Genetics Unit, Vigo, Spain
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Heidelberg, Germany
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Cancer Epidemiology Group, University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stephen J. Chanock
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Bethesda, MD USA
| | | | - Christine L. Clarke
- University of Sydney, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Anita Collavoli
- University and University Hospital of Pisa, Section of Genetic Oncology, Dept. of Laboratory Medicine, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - David G. Cox
- Imperial College London, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, London, UK
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon, INSERM, U1052 Lyon, France
| | - Cezary Cybulski
- Pomeranian Medical University, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Kamila Czene
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mary B. Daly
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Department of Clinical Genetics, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Miguel de la Hoya
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Peter Devilee
- Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Pathology, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Human Genetics, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Orland Diez
- Vall d’Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Oncogenetics Group, Barcelona, Spain
- University Hospital Vall d’Hebron, Area of Clinical and Molecular Genetics, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yuan Chun Ding
- Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Department of Population Sciences, Duarte, CA USA
| | - Gillian S. Dite
- The University of Melbourne, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nina Ditsch
- Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Munich, Germany
| | - Susan M. Domchek
- Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Department of Medicine, Abramson Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | | | - Isabel dos-Santos-Silva
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London, UK
| | - Katarzyna Durda
- Pomeranian Medical University, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Miriam Dwek
- University of Westminster, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, London, UK
| | - Diana M. Eccles
- University of Southampton, Cancer Sciences Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, UK
| | - Arif B. Ekici
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - A. Heather Eliassen
- Harvard Medical School, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA USA
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Boston, MA USA
| | - Carolina Ellberg
- Lund University, Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund, Sweden
| | - Mikael Eriksson
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - D. Gareth Evans
- University of Manchester, Division of Evolution and Genomic Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester, UK
- Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Manchester, UK
| | - Peter A. Fasching
- University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Comprehensive Cancer Center ER-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
- University of California at Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine Division of Hematology and Oncology, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Jonine Figueroa
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Bethesda, MD USA
- The University of Edinburgh Medical School, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, Edinburgh, UK
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Henrik Flyger
- Copenhagen University Hospital, Department of Breast Surgery, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - William D. Foulkes
- McGill University, Program in Cancer Genetics, Departments of Human Genetics and Oncology, Montréal, QC Canada
| | - Tara M. Friebel
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA USA
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA USA
| | - Eitan Friedman
- Chaim Sheba Medical Center, The Susanne Levy Gertner Oncogenetics Unit, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Tel Aviv University, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Ramat Aviv, Israel
| | - Marike Gabrielson
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pragna Gaddam
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, Clinical Genetics Research Lab, Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, New York, NY USA
| | - Manuela Gago-Dominguez
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago, SERGAS, Genomic Medicine Group, Galician Foundation of Genomic Medicine, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- University of California San Diego, Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Chi Gao
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Boston, MA USA
| | - Susan M. Gapstur
- American Cancer Society, Epidemiology Research Program, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Judy Garber
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Cancer Risk and Prevention Clinic, Boston, MA USA
| | - Montserrat García-Closas
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - José A. García-Sáenz
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mia M. Gaudet
- American Cancer Society, Epidemiology Research Program, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Simon A. Gayther
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, The Center for Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Graham G. Giles
- The University of Melbourne, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Cancer Council Victoria, Cancer Epidemiology Division, Melbourne, VIC Australia
- Monash University, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Gord Glendon
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Fred A. Litwin Center for Cancer Genetics, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Andrew K. Godwin
- Kansas University Medical Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kansas City, KS USA
| | - Mark S. Goldberg
- McGill University, Department of Medicine, Montréal, QC Canada
- McGill University, Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Royal Victoria Hospital, Montréal, QC Canada
| | - David E. Goldgar
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Salt Lake City, UT USA
| | - Pascal Guénel
- INSERM, University Paris-Sud, University Paris-Saclay, Cancer & Environment Group, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), Villejuif, France
| | - Angelica M. Gutierrez-Barrera
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Breast Medical Oncology and Clinical Genetics Program, Houston, TX USA
| | - Lothar Haeberle
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christopher A. Haiman
- University of Southern California, Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Niclas Håkansson
- Karolinska Institutet, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Hall
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Stockholm, Sweden
- Södersjukhuset, Department of Oncology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ute Hamann
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Patricia A. Harrington
- University of Cambridge, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alexander Hein
- University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Comprehensive Cancer Center ER-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jane Heyworth
- The University of Western Australia, School of Population and Global Health, Perth, WA Australia
| | - Peter Hillemanns
- Hannover Medical School, Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover, Germany
| | - Antoinette Hollestelle
- Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Department of Medical Oncology, Family Cancer Clinic, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - John L. Hopper
- The University of Melbourne, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - H. Dean Hosgood
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Bronx, NY USA
| | - Anthony Howell
- University of Manchester, Division of Cancer Sciences, Manchester, UK
| | - Chunling Hu
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Rochester, MN USA
| | - Peter J. Hulick
- NorthShore University HealthSystem, Center for Medical Genetics, Evanston, IL USA
- The University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA
| | - David J. Hunter
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Boston, MA USA
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Boston, MA USA
- University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Population Health, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Claudine Isaacs
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC USA
| | - Milena Jakimovska
- Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Research Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology ‘Georgi D. Efremov’, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Anna Jakubowska
- Pomeranian Medical University, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Szczecin, Poland
- Pomeranian Medical University, Independent Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genetic Diagnostics, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Paul James
- The University of Melbourne, Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, Melbourne, VIC Australia
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, Parkville Familial Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Ramunas Janavicius
- Vilnius University Hospital Santariskiu Clinics, Hematology, oncology and transfusion medicine center, Dept. of Molecular and Regenerative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania
- State Research Institute Innovative Medicine Center, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Wolfgang Janni
- University Hospital Ulm, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Ulm, Germany
| | - Esther M. John
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine (Oncology) and Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Michael E. Jones
- The Institute of Cancer Research, Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, London, UK
| | - Audrey Jung
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rudolf Kaaks
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Beth Y. Karlan
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Women’s Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Elza Khusnutdinova
- Ufa Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa, Russia
- Bashkir State Medical University, Department of Medical Genetics, Ufa, Russia
| | - Cari M. Kitahara
- National Cancer Institute, Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Irene Konstantopoulou
- National Centre for Scientific Research ‘Demokritos’, Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, INRASTES, Athens, Greece
| | - Stella Koutros
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Peter Kraft
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Boston, MA USA
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Boston, MA USA
| | - Diether Lambrechts
- VIB, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven, Belgium
- University of Leuven, Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Conxi Lazaro
- IDIBELL (Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute),Catalan Institute of Oncology, CIBERONC, Molecular Diagnostic Unit, Hereditary Cancer Program, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Loic Le Marchand
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Epidemiology Program, Honolulu, HI USA
| | - Jenny Lester
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Women’s Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Fabienne Lesueur
- Inserm U900, Genetic Epidemiology of Cancer team, Paris, France
- PSL University, Paris, France
- Institut Curie, Paris, France
- Mines ParisTech, Fontainebleau, France
| | - Jenna Lilyquist
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Health Sciences Research, Rochester, MN USA
| | - Jennifer T. Loud
- National Cancer Institute, Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Karen H. Lu
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Clinical Cancer Genetics Program, Houston, TX USA
| | - Robert N. Luben
- University of Cambridge, Clinical Gerontology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jan Lubinski
- Pomeranian Medical University, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Arto Mannermaa
- University of Eastern Finland, Translational Cancer Research Area, Kuopio, Finland
- University of Eastern Finland, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Kuopio, Finland
- Kuopio University Hospital, Imaging Center, Department of Clinical Pathology, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mehdi Manoochehri
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Siranoush Manoukian
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Unit of Medical Genetics, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Margolin
- Södersjukhuset, Department of Oncology, Stockholm, Sweden
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - John W. M. Martens
- Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Department of Medical Oncology, Family Cancer Clinic, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tabea Maurer
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Cancer Epidemiology Group, University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dimitrios Mavroudis
- University Hospital of Heraklion, Department of Medical Oncology, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Noura Mebirouk
- Inserm U900, Genetic Epidemiology of Cancer team, Paris, France
- PSL University, Paris, France
- Institut Curie, Paris, France
- Mines ParisTech, Fontainebleau, France
| | - Alfons Meindl
- Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Munich, Germany
| | - Usha Menon
- University College London, MRC Clinical Trials Unit at UCL, Institute of Clinical Trials & Methodology, London, UK
| | - Austin Miller
- Roswell Park Cancer Institute, NRG Oncology, Clinical Trials Development Division, Buffalo, NY USA
| | - Marco Montagna
- Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - IRCCS, Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Padua, Italy
| | - Katherine L. Nathanson
- Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Department of Medicine, Abramson Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Susan L. Neuhausen
- Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Department of Population Sciences, Duarte, CA USA
| | - William G. Newman
- University of Manchester, Division of Evolution and Genomic Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester, UK
- Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Manchester, UK
| | - Tu Nguyen-Dumont
- Monash University, Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Clayton, VIC Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Department of Clinical Pathology, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Finn Cilius Nielsen
- Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Center for Genomic Medicine, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sarah Nielsen
- The University of Chicago, Center for Clinical Cancer Genetics, Chicago, IL USA
| | | | - Kenneth Offit
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, Clinical Genetics Research Lab, Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, New York, NY USA
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, Clinical Genetics Service, Department of Medicine, New York, NY USA
| | - Edith Olah
- National Institute of Oncology, Department of Molecular Genetics, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Andrew F. Olshan
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Epidemiology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Janet E. Olson
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Health Sciences Research, Rochester, MN USA
| | - Håkan Olsson
- Lund University, Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ana Osorio
- Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Human Genetics Group, Human Cancer Genetics Programme, Madrid, Spain
- Spanish Network on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Ottini
- University La Sapienza, Department of Molecular Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - Bernard Peissel
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Unit of Medical Genetics, Milan, Italy
| | - Ana Peixoto
- Portuguese Oncology Institute, Department of Genetics, Porto, Portugal
| | - Julian Peto
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London, UK
| | - Dijana Plaseska-Karanfilska
- Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Research Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology ‘Georgi D. Efremov’, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Timea Pocza
- National Institute of Oncology, Department of Molecular Genetics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nadege Presneau
- University of Westminster, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, London, UK
| | - Miquel Angel Pujana
- IDIBELL (Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute),Catalan Institute of Oncology, CIBERONC, ProCURE, Oncobell, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kevin Punie
- Leuven Cancer Institute, University Hospitals Leuven, Multidisciplinary Breast Center, Department of General Medical Oncology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Brigitte Rack
- University Hospital Ulm, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Muhammad U. Rashid
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, Heidelberg, Germany
- Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre (SKMCH & RC), Department of Basic Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Rohini Rau-Murthy
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, Clinical Genetics Service, Department of Medicine, New York, NY USA
| | - Gad Rennert
- Carmel Medical Center and Technion Faculty of Medicine, Clalit National Cancer Control Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Flavio Lejbkowicz
- Carmel Medical Center and Technion Faculty of Medicine, Clalit National Cancer Control Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Valerie Rhenius
- University of Cambridge, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Atocha Romero
- Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Medical Oncology Department, Madrid, Spain
| | - Matti A. Rookus
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Department of Epidemiology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eric A. Ross
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Facility, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Maria Rossing
- Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Center for Genomic Medicine, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vilius Rudaitis
- Vilnius University, Medical Faculty, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Matthias Ruebner
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Kristin Sanden
- University of Wisconsin, Cancer Center at ProHealth Care, Waukesha, WI USA
| | - Marta Santamariña
- Spanish Network on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
- Fundación Pública Galega Medicina Xenómica, Santiago De Compostela, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago De Compostela, Spain
| | - Maren T. Scheuner
- University of California San Francisco, Cancer Genetics and Prevention Program, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Rita K. Schmutzler
- University Hospital of Cologne, Center for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer, Cologne, Germany
- University of Cologne, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Cologne, Germany
| | - Michael Schneider
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christopher Scott
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Health Sciences Research, Rochester, MN USA
| | - Leigha Senter
- The Ohio State University, Clinical Cancer Genetics Program, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, The Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH USA
| | - Mitul Shah
- University of Cambridge, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Priyanka Sharma
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Oncology, Westwood, KS USA
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Jacques Simard
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec – Université Laval, Research Center, Genomics Center, Québec City, QC Canada
| | - Christian F. Singer
- Medical University of Vienna, Dept of OB/GYN and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christof Sohn
- University of Heidelberg, National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Penny Soucy
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec – Université Laval, Research Center, Genomics Center, Québec City, QC Canada
| | - Melissa C. Southey
- Monash University, Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Clayton, VIC Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Department of Clinical Pathology, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - John J. Spinelli
- BC Cancer, Population Oncology, Vancouver, BC Canada
- University of British Columbia, School of Population and Public Health, Vancouver, BC Canada
| | - Linda Steele
- Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Department of Population Sciences, Duarte, CA USA
| | - Dominique Stoppa-Lyonnet
- Institut Curie, Service de Génétique, Paris, France
- INSERM U830, Department of Tumour Biology, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | | | - Manuel R. Teixeira
- Portuguese Oncology Institute, Department of Genetics, Porto, Portugal
- University of Porto, Biomedical Sciences Institute (ICBAS), Porto, Portugal
| | - Mary Beth Terry
- Columbia University, Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY USA
| | - Mads Thomassen
- Odense University Hospital, Department of Clinical Genetics, Odence C, Denmark
| | - Jennifer Thompson
- NorthShore University HealthSystem, Center for Medical Genetics, Evanston, IL USA
| | - Darcy L. Thull
- Magee-Womens Hospital, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Marc Tischkowitz
- McGill University, Program in Cancer Genetics, Departments of Human Genetics and Oncology, Montréal, QC Canada
- University of Cambridge, Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rob A.E.M. Tollenaar
- Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Surgery, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Diana Torres
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, Heidelberg, Germany
- Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Institute of Human Genetics, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Melissa A. Troester
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Epidemiology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Thérèse Truong
- INSERM, University Paris-Sud, University Paris-Saclay, Cancer & Environment Group, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), Villejuif, France
| | - Nadine Tung
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Medical Oncology, Boston, MA USA
| | - Michael Untch
- Helios Clinics Berlin-Buch, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Celine M. Vachon
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Health Sciences Research, Rochester, MN USA
| | | | - Elke M. van Veen
- University of Manchester, Division of Evolution and Genomic Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester, UK
- Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Manchester, UK
| | - Ana Vega
- Spanish Network on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
- Fundación Pública Galega Medicina Xenómica, Santiago De Compostela, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago De Compostela, Spain
| | - Alessandra Viel
- Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Division of Functional onco-genomics and genetics, Aviano, Italy
| | - Barbara Wappenschmidt
- University Hospital of Cologne, Center for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer, Cologne, Germany
- University of Cologne, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Camilla Wendt
- Södersjukhuset, Department of Oncology, Stockholm, Sweden
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Greet Wieme
- Ghent University, Centre for Medical Genetics, Gent, Belgium
| | - Alicja Wolk
- Karolinska Institutet, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
- Uppsala University, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Xiaohong R. Yang
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Wei Zheng
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Argyrios Ziogas
- University of California Irvine, Department of Epidemiology, Genetic Epidemiology Research Institute, Irvine, CA USA
| | - Kristin K. Zorn
- Magee-Womens Hospital, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Alison M. Dunning
- University of Cambridge, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Michael Lush
- University of Cambridge, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Cambridge, UK
| | - Qin Wang
- University of Cambridge, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lesley McGuffog
- University of Cambridge, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Cambridge, UK
| | - Michael T. Parsons
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, Brisbane, QLD Australia
| | - Paul D. P. Pharoah
- University of Cambridge, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Cambridge, UK
- University of Cambridge, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Florentia Fostira
- National Centre for Scientific Research ‘Demokritos’, Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, INRASTES, Athens, Greece
| | - Amanda E. Toland
- The Ohio State University, Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Columbus, OH USA
| | - Irene L. Andrulis
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Fred A. Litwin Center for Cancer Genetics, Toronto, ON Canada
- University of Toronto, Department of Molecular Genetics, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Susan J. Ramus
- University of NSW Sydney, School of Women’s and Children’s Health, Faculty of Medicine, Sydney, NSW Australia
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Anthony J. Swerdlow
- The Institute of Cancer Research, Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, London, UK
- The Institute of Cancer Research, Division of Breast Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Mark H. Greene
- National Cancer Institute, Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Wendy K. Chung
- Columbia University, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, New York, NY USA
| | - Roger L. Milne
- The University of Melbourne, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Cancer Council Victoria, Cancer Epidemiology Division, Melbourne, VIC Australia
- Monash University, Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Clayton, VIC Australia
| | - Georgia Chenevix-Trench
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, Brisbane, QLD Australia
| | - Thilo Dörk
- Hannover Medical School, Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover, Germany
| | - Marjanka K. Schmidt
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Division of Molecular Pathology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek hospital, Division of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Douglas F. Easton
- University of Cambridge, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Cambridge, UK
- University of Cambridge, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Paolo Radice
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Unit of Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk and Genetic Testing, Department of Research, Milan, Italy
| | - Eric Hahnen
- University Hospital of Cologne, Center for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer, Cologne, Germany
- University of Cologne, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Cologne, Germany
| | - Antonis C. Antoniou
- University of Cambridge, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Cambridge, UK
| | - Fergus J. Couch
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Rochester, MN USA
| | - Heli Nevanlinna
- University of Helsinki, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jordi Surrallés
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona Spain
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Sant Pau Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Genetics, Sant Pau Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paolo Peterlongo
- IFOM - the FIRC Institute for Molecular Oncology, Genome Diagnostics Program, Milan, Italy
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Qian F, Rookus MA, Leslie G, Risch HA, Greene MH, Aalfs CM, Adank MA, Adlard J, Agnarsson BA, Ahmed M, Aittomäki K, Andrulis IL, Arnold N, Arun BK, Ausems MGEM, Azzollini J, Barrowdale D, Barwell J, Benitez J, Białkowska K, Bonadona V, Borde J, Borg A, Bradbury AR, Brunet J, Buys SS, Caldés T, Caligo MA, Campbell I, Carter J, Chiquette J, Chung WK, Claes KBM, Collée JM, Collonge-Rame MA, Couch FJ, Daly MB, Delnatte C, Diez O, Domchek SM, Dorfling CM, Eason J, Easton DF, Eeles R, Engel C, Evans DG, Faivre L, Feliubadaló L, Foretova L, Friedman E, Frost D, Ganz PA, Garber J, Garcia-Barberan V, Gehrig A, Glendon G, Godwin AK, Gómez Garcia EB, Hamann U, Hauke J, Hopper JL, Hulick PJ, Imyanitov EN, Isaacs C, Izatt L, Jakubowska A, Janavicius R, John EM, Karlan BY, Kets CM, Laitman Y, Lázaro C, Leroux D, Lester J, Lesueur F, Loud JT, Lubiński J, Łukomska A, McGuffog L, Mebirouk N, Meijers-Heijboer HEJ, Meindl A, Miller A, Montagna M, Mooij TM, Mouret-Fourme E, Nathanson KL, Nehoray B, Neuhausen SL, Nevanlinna H, Nielsen FC, Offit K, Olah E, Ong KR, Oosterwijk JC, Ottini L, Parsons MT, Peterlongo P, Pfeiler G, Pradhan N, Radice P, Ramus SJ, Rantala J, Rennert G, Robson M, Rodriguez GC, Salani R, Scheuner MT, Schmutzler RK, Shah PD, Side LE, Simard J, Singer CF, Steinemann D, Stoppa-Lyonnet D, Tan YY, Teixeira MR, Terry MB, Thomassen M, Tischkowitz M, Tognazzo S, Toland AE, Tung N, van Asperen CJ, van Engelen K, van Rensburg EJ, Venat-Bouvet L, Vierstraete J, Wagner G, Walker L, Weitzel JN, Yannoukakos D, Antoniou AC, Goldgar DE, Olopade OI, Chenevix-Trench G, Rebbeck TR, Huo D. Mendelian randomisation study of height and body mass index as modifiers of ovarian cancer risk in 22,588 BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers. Br J Cancer 2019; 121:180-192. [PMID: 31213659 PMCID: PMC6738050 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-019-0492-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Height and body mass index (BMI) are associated with higher ovarian cancer risk in the general population, but whether such associations exist among BRCA1/2 mutation carriers is unknown. METHODS We applied a Mendelian randomisation approach to examine height/BMI with ovarian cancer risk using the Consortium of Investigators for the Modifiers of BRCA1/2 (CIMBA) data set, comprising 14,676 BRCA1 and 7912 BRCA2 mutation carriers, with 2923 ovarian cancer cases. We created a height genetic score (height-GS) using 586 height-associated variants and a BMI genetic score (BMI-GS) using 93 BMI-associated variants. Associations were assessed using weighted Cox models. RESULTS Observed height was not associated with ovarian cancer risk (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.07 per 10-cm increase in height, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.94-1.23). Height-GS showed similar results (HR = 1.02, 95% CI: 0.85-1.23). Higher BMI was significantly associated with increased risk in premenopausal women with HR = 1.25 (95% CI: 1.06-1.48) and HR = 1.59 (95% CI: 1.08-2.33) per 5-kg/m2 increase in observed and genetically determined BMI, respectively. No association was found for postmenopausal women. Interaction between menopausal status and BMI was significant (Pinteraction < 0.05). CONCLUSION Our observation of a positive association between BMI and ovarian cancer risk in premenopausal BRCA1/2 mutation carriers is consistent with findings in the general population.
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Grants
- R01 CA063682 NCI NIH HHS
- U10 CA027469 NCI NIH HHS
- 11174 Cancer Research UK
- C1287/A 10710 Cancer Research UK
- P50 CA116201 NCI NIH HHS
- U19 CA148065 NCI NIH HHS
- C1281/A12014 Cancer Research UK
- N02CP11019 NCI NIH HHS
- U10 CA180868 NCI NIH HHS
- R03 CA130065 NCI NIH HHS
- R01 CA176785 NCI NIH HHS
- RC4 CA153828 NCI NIH HHS
- R01 CA142996 NCI NIH HHS
- R01 CA140323 NCI NIH HHS
- P50 CA125183 NCI NIH HHS
- UM1 CA164920 NCI NIH HHS
- UL1 TR001863 NCATS NIH HHS
- P30 CA168524 NCI NIH HHS
- U01 CA161032 NCI NIH HHS
- 20861 Cancer Research UK
- UL1 TR000124 NCATS NIH HHS
- P20 CA233307 NCI NIH HHS
- U01 CA116167 NCI NIH HHS
- C5047/A8384 Cancer Research UK
- P30 CA008748 NCI NIH HHS
- 23382 Cancer Research UK
- R01 CA214545 NCI NIH HHS
- R01 CA128978 NCI NIH HHS
- U19 CA148537 NCI NIH HHS
- P30 CA051008 NCI NIH HHS
- R01 CA116167 NCI NIH HHS
- U10 CA037517 NCI NIH HHS
- P20 GM130423 NIGMS NIH HHS
- R25 CA112486 NCI NIH HHS
- C5047/A15007 Cancer Research UK
- N02CP65504 NCI NIH HHS
- 10118 Cancer Research UK
- U19 CA148112 NCI NIH HHS
- R01 CA149429 NCI NIH HHS
- R01 CA228198 NCI NIH HHS
- C8197/A16565 Cancer Research UK
- R01 CA192393 NCI NIH HHS
- U10 CA180822 NCI NIH HHS
- MR/P012930/1 Medical Research Council
- Cancer Research UK (CRUK)
- CIMBA: The CIMBA data management and data analysis were supported by Cancer Research – UK grants C12292/A20861, C12292/A11174. ACA is a Cancer Research -UK Senior Cancer Research Fellow. GCT and ABS are NHMRC Research Fellows. iCOGS: the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme under grant agreement No. 223175 (HEALTH-F2-2009-223175) (COGS), Cancer Research UK (C1287/A10118, C1287/A 10710, C12292/A11174, C1281/A12014, C5047/A8384, C5047/A15007, C5047/A10692, C8197/A16565), the National Institutes of Health (CA128978) and Post-Cancer GWAS initiative (1U19 CA148537, 1U19 CA148065 and 1U19 CA148112 - the GAME-ON initiative), the Department of Defence (W81XWH-10-1-0341), the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) for the CIHR Team in Familial Risks of Breast Cancer (CRN-87521), and the Ministry of Economic Development, Innovation and Export Trade (PSR-SIIRI-701), Komen Foundation for the Cure, the Breast Cancer Research Foundation, and the Ovarian Cancer Research Fund. The PERSPECTIVE project was supported by the Government of Canada through Genome Canada and the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, the Ministry of Economy, Science and Innovation through Genome Québec, and The Quebec Breast Cancer Foundation. BCFR: UM1 CA164920 from the National Cancer Institute. The content of this manuscript does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the National Cancer Institute or any of the collaborating centers in the Breast Cancer Family Registry (BCFR), nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the US Government or the BCFR. BFBOCC: Lithuania (BFBOCC-LT): Research Council of Lithuania grant SEN-18/2015. BIDMC: Breast Cancer Research Foundation. BMBSA: Cancer Association of South Africa (PI Elizabeth J. van Rensburg). CNIO: Spanish Ministry of Health PI16/00440 supported by FEDER funds, the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) SAF2014-57680-R and the Spanish Research Network on Rare diseases (CIBERER). COH-CCGCRN: Research reported in this publication was supported by the National Cancer Institute of the National Institutes of Health under grant number R25CA112486, and RC4CA153828 (PI: J. Weitzel) from the National Cancer Institute and the Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health. CONSIT: Associazione Italiana Ricerca sul Cancro (AIRC; IG2014 no.15547) to P. Radice. Italian Association for Cancer Research (AIRC; grant no.16933) to L. Ottini. Associazione Italiana Ricerca sul Cancro (AIRC; IG2015 no.16732) to P. Peterlongo. Jacopo Azzollini is supported by funds from Italian citizens who allocated the 5x1000 share of their tax payment in support of the Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, according to Italian laws (INT-Institutional strategic projects ‘5x1000’). DEMOKRITOS: European Union (European Social Fund – ESF) and Greek national funds through the Operational Program "Education and Lifelong Learning" of the National Strategic Reference Framework (NSRF) - Research Funding Program of the General Secretariat for Research & Technology: SYN11_10_19 NBCA. Investing in knowledge society through the European Social Fund. DFKZ: German Cancer Research Center. EMBRACE: Cancer Research UK Grants C1287/A10118 and C1287/A11990. D. Gareth Evans and Fiona Lalloo are supported by an NIHR grant to the Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester. The Investigators at The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust are supported by an NIHR grant to the Biomedical Research Centre at The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust. Ros Eeles and Elizabeth Bancroft are supported by Cancer Research UK Grant C5047/A8385. Ros Eeles is also supported by NIHR support to the Biomedical Research Centre at The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust. FCCC: The University of Kansas Cancer Center (P30 CA168524) and the Kansas Bioscience Authority Eminent Scholar Program. A.K.G. was funded by R0 1CA140323, R01 CA214545, and by the Chancellors Distinguished Chair in Biomedical Sciences Professorship. FPGMX: FISPI05/2275 and Mutua Madrileña Foundation (FMMA). GC-HBOC: German Cancer Aid (grant no 110837, Rita K. Schmutzler) and the European Regional Development Fund and Free State of Saxony, Germany (LIFE - Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases, project numbers 713-241202, 713-241202, 14505/2470, 14575/2470). GEMO: Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer; the Association “Le cancer du sein, parlons-en!” Award, the Canadian Institutes of Health Research for the "CIHR Team in Familial Risks of Breast Cancer" program and the French National Institute of Cancer (INCa grants 2013-1-BCB-01-ICH-1 and SHS-E-SP 18-015). GEORGETOWN: the Non-Therapeutic Subject Registry Shared Resource at Georgetown University (NIH/NCI grant P30-CA051008), the Fisher Center for Hereditary Cancer and Clinical Genomics Research, and Swing Fore the Cure. G-FAST: Bruce Poppe is a senior clinical investigator of FWO. Mattias Van Heetvelde obtained funding from IWT. HCSC: Spanish Ministry of Health PI15/00059, PI16/01292, and CB-161200301 CIBERONC from ISCIII (Spain), partially supported by European Regional Development FEDER funds. HEBCS: Helsinki University Hospital Research Fund, Academy of Finland (266528), the Finnish Cancer Society and the Sigrid Juselius Foundation. HEBON: the Dutch Cancer Society grants NKI1998-1854, NKI2004-3088, NKI2007-3756, the Netherlands Organisation of Scientific Research grant NWO 91109024, the Pink Ribbon grants 110005 and 2014-187.WO76, the BBMRI grant NWO 184.021.007/CP46 and the Transcan grant JTC 2012 Cancer 12-054. HRBCP: Hong Kong Sanatorium and Hospital, Dr Ellen Li Charitable Foundation, The Kerry Group Kuok Foundation, National Institute of Health1R 03CA130065, and North California Cancer Center. HUNBOCS: Hungarian Research Grants KTIA-OTKA CK-80745 and OTKA K-112228. ICO: The authors would like to particularly acknowledge the support of the Asociación Española Contra el Cáncer (AECC), the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (organismo adscrito al Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad) and “Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER), una manera de hacer Europa” (PI10/01422, PI13/00285, PIE13/00022, PI15/00854, PI16/00563 and CIBERONC) and the Institut Català de la Salut and Autonomous Government of Catalonia (2009SGR290, 2014SGR338 and PERIS Project MedPerCan). IHCC: PBZ_KBN_122/P05/2004. ILUH: Icelandic Association “Walking for Breast Cancer Research” and by the Landspitali University Hospital Research Fund. INHERIT: Canadian Institutes of Health Research for the “CIHR Team in Familial Risks of Breast Cancer” program – grant # CRN-87521 and the Ministry of Economic Development, Innovation and Export Trade – grant # PSR-SIIRI-701. IOVHBOCS: Ministero della Salute and “5x1000” Istituto Oncologico Veneto grant. IPOBCS: Liga Portuguesa Contra o Cancro. kConFab: The National Breast Cancer Foundation, and previously by the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC), the Queensland Cancer Fund, the Cancer Councils of New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania and South Australia, and the Cancer Foundation of Western Australia. MAYO: NIH grants CA116167, CA192393 and CA176785, an NCI Specialized Program of Research Excellence (SPORE) in Breast Cancer (CA116201),and a grant from the Breast Cancer Research Foundation. MCGILL: Jewish General Hospital Weekend to End Breast Cancer, Quebec Ministry of Economic Development, Innovation and Export Trade. Marc Tischkowitz is supported by the funded by the European Union Seventh Framework Program (2007Y2013)/European Research Council (Grant No. 310018). MODSQUAD: MH CZ - DRO (MMCI, 00209805), MEYS - NPS I - LO1413 to LF and by the European Regional Development Fund and the State Budget of the Czech Republic (RECAMO, CZ.1.05/2.1.00/03.0101) to LF, and by Charles University in Prague project UNCE204024 (MZ). MSKCC: the Breast Cancer Research Foundation, the Robert and Kate Niehaus Clinical Cancer Genetics Initiative, the Andrew Sabin Research Fund and a Cancer Center Support Grant/Core Grant (P30 CA008748). NAROD: 1R01 CA149429-01. NCI: the Intramural Research Program of the US National Cancer Institute, NIH, and by support services contracts NO2-CP-11019-50, N02-CP-21013-63 and N02-CP-65504 with Westat, Inc, Rockville, MD. NICCC: Clalit Health Services in Israel, the Israel Cancer Association and the Breast Cancer Research Foundation (BCRF), NY. NNPIO: the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grants 17-54-12007, 17-00-00171 and 18-515-12007). NRG Oncology: U10 CA180868, NRG SDMC grant U10 CA180822, NRG Administrative Office and the NRG Tissue Bank (CA 27469), the NRG Statistical and Data Center (CA 37517) and the Intramural Research Program, NCI. OSUCCG: Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center. PBCS: Italian Association of Cancer Research (AIRC) [IG 2013 N.14477] and Tuscany Institute for Tumors (ITT) grant 2014-2015-2016. SEABASS: Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation, Ministry of Higher Education (UM.C/HlR/MOHE/06) and Cancer Research Initiatives Foundation. SMC: the Israeli Cancer Association. SWE-BRCA: the Swedish Cancer Society. UCHICAGO: NCI Specialized Program of Research Excellence (SPORE) in Breast Cancer (CA125183), R01 CA142996, 1U01CA161032, P20CA233307, American Cancer Society (MRSG-13-063-01-TBG, CRP-10-119-01-CCE), Breast Cancer Research Foundation, Susan G. Komen Foundation (SAC110026), and Ralph and Marion Falk Medical Research Trust, the Entertainment Industry Fund National Women's Cancer Research Alliance. Mr. Qian was supported by the Alpha Omega Alpha Carolyn L. Cuckein Student Research Fellowship. UCLA: Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center Foundation; Breast Cancer Research Foundation. UCSF: UCSF Cancer Risk Program and Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center. UKFOCR: Cancer Research UK. UPENN: Breast Cancer Research Foundation; Susan G. Komen Foundation for the cure, Basser Center for BRCA. UPITT/MWH: Hackers for Hope Pittsburgh. VFCTG: Victorian Cancer Agency, Cancer Australia, National Breast Cancer Foundation. WCP: Dr Karlan is funded by the American Cancer Society Early Detection Professorship (SIOP-06-258-01-COUN) and the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Grant UL1TR000124.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Qian
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Matti A Rookus
- Department of Epidemiology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Goska Leslie
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Harvey A Risch
- Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mark H Greene
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Cora M Aalfs
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Muriel A Adank
- Family Cancer Clinic, The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Julian Adlard
- Yorkshire Regional Genetics Service, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Bjarni A Agnarsson
- Department of Pathology, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
- School of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Munaza Ahmed
- North East Thames Regional Genetics Service, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - Kristiina Aittomäki
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Irene L Andrulis
- Fred A. Litwin Center for Cancer Genetics, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Norbert Arnold
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Banu K Arun
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Margreet G E M Ausems
- Division Laboratories, Pharmacy and Biomedical Genetics, Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jacopo Azzollini
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniel Barrowdale
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Julian Barwell
- Leicestershire Clinical Genetics Service, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - Javier Benitez
- Human Cancer Genetics Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Network on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Katarzyna Białkowska
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Valérie Bonadona
- Unité de Prévention et d'Epidémiologie Génétique, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Julika Borde
- Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ake Borg
- Department of Oncology, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Angela R Bradbury
- Department of Medicine, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joan Brunet
- Genetic Counseling Unit, Hereditary Cancer Program, IDIBGI (Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona), Catalan Institute of Oncology, CIBERONC, Girona, Spain
| | - Saundra S Buys
- Department of Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Trinidad Caldés
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria A Caligo
- Section of Molecular Genetics, Dept. of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ian Campbell
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jonathan Carter
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Chris O'Brien Lifehouse and The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Jocelyne Chiquette
- CRCHU de Québec- oncologie, Centre des maladies du sein Deschênes-Fabia, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Wendy K Chung
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - J Margriet Collée
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Fergus J Couch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Mary B Daly
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Capucine Delnatte
- Unité d'Oncogénétique, ICO-Centre René Gauducheau, Saint Herblain, France
| | - Orland Diez
- Oncogenetics Group, Clinical and Molecular Genetics Area, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susan M Domchek
- Department of Medicine, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Jacqueline Eason
- Nottingham Clinical Genetics Service, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - Douglas F Easton
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ros Eeles
- Oncogenetics Team, The Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Christoph Engel
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - D Gareth Evans
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Laurence Faivre
- Unité d'oncogénétique, Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer, Centre Georges-François Leclerc, Dijon, France
- Centre de Génétique, CHU Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - Lidia Feliubadaló
- Molecular Diagnostic Unit, Hereditary Cancer Program, ICO-IDIBELL (Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, Catalan Institute of Oncology), CIBERONC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lenka Foretova
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Eitan Friedman
- The Susanne Levy Gertner Oncogenetics Unit, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel
| | - Debra Frost
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Patricia A Ganz
- Schools of Medicine and Public Health, Division of Cancer Prevention & Control Research, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Centre, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Judy Garber
- Cancer Risk and Prevention Clinic, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Andrea Gehrig
- Centre of Familial Breast and Ovarian Cancer, Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Human Genetics, University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Gord Glendon
- Fred A. Litwin Center for Cancer Genetics, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Andrew K Godwin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Encarna B Gómez Garcia
- Department of Clinical Genetics and GROW, School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ute Hamann
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan Hauke
- Unité de Prévention et d'Epidémiologie Génétique, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
- Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - John L Hopper
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Peter J Hulick
- Center for Medical Genetics, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, USA
- The University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Claudine Isaacs
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Louise Izatt
- Clinical Genetics, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Anna Jakubowska
- Biomedical Network on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
- Independent Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genetic Diagnostics, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Ramunas Janavicius
- Hematology, oncology and transfusion medicine center, Dept. of Molecular and Regenerative Medicine, Vilnius University Hospital Santariskiu Clinics, Vilnius, Lithuania
- State Research Institute, Innovative Medicine Center, Vilnius, CA, Lithuania
| | - Esther M John
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, and Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Beth Y Karlan
- Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Carolien M Kets
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Yael Laitman
- The Susanne Levy Gertner Oncogenetics Unit, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Conxi Lázaro
- Molecular Diagnostic Unit, Hereditary Cancer Program, ICO-IDIBELL (Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, Catalan Institute of Oncology), CIBERONC, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Jenny Lester
- Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Fabienne Lesueur
- Genetic Epidemiology of Cancer team, Inserm U900, Paris, France
- Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Jennifer T Loud
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jan Lubiński
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Alicja Łukomska
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Lesley McGuffog
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Noura Mebirouk
- Genetic Epidemiology of Cancer team, Inserm U900, Paris, France
- Institut Curie, Paris, France
- Mines ParisTech, Fontainebleau, France
| | - Hanne E J Meijers-Heijboer
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, Location VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alfons Meindl
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Austin Miller
- NRG Oncology, Statistics and Data Management Center, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Marco Montagna
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Thea M Mooij
- Department of Epidemiology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Katherine L Nathanson
- Department of Medicine, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Bita Nehoray
- Clinical Cancer Genomics, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Susan L Neuhausen
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Heli Nevanlinna
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Finn C Nielsen
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kenneth Offit
- Clinical Genetics Research Lab, Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Clinical Genetics Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Edith Olah
- Department of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kai-Ren Ong
- West Midlands Regional Genetics Service, Birmingham Women's Hospital Healthcare NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jan C Oosterwijk
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Laura Ottini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Michael T Parsons
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Paolo Peterlongo
- Genome Diagnostics Program, IFOM - the FIRC (Italian Foundation for Cancer Research) Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Georg Pfeiler
- Department of OB/GYN and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nisha Pradhan
- Clinical Genetics Research Lab, Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Paolo Radice
- Unit of Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk and Genetic Testing, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori (INT), Milan, Italy
| | - Susan J Ramus
- School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of NSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Gad Rennert
- Clalit National Cancer Control Center, Carmel Medical Center and Technion Faculty of Medicine, Haifa, Israel
| | - Mark Robson
- Clinical Genetics Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gustavo C Rodriguez
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, University of Chicago, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Ritu Salani
- Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Maren T Scheuner
- Cancer Genetics and Prevention Program, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Rita K Schmutzler
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Payal D Shah
- Department of Medicine, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lucy E Side
- Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, University Hospitals Southampton NHS Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Jacques Simard
- Genomics Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec - Université Laval, Research Center, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Christian F Singer
- Department of OB/GYN and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Doris Steinemann
- Institute of Cell and Molecular Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Dominique Stoppa-Lyonnet
- Service de Génétique, Institut Curie, Paris, France
- Department of Tumour Biology, INSERM U830, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Yen Yen Tan
- Department of OB/GYN and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Manuel R Teixeira
- Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute, Porto, Portugal
- Biomedical Sciences Institute (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Mary Beth Terry
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mads Thomassen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odence C, Denmark
| | - Marc Tischkowitz
- Program in Cancer Genetics, Departments of Human Genetics and Oncology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Silvia Tognazzo
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Amanda E Toland
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Nadine Tung
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christi J van Asperen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Klaartje van Engelen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Gabriel Wagner
- Department of OB/GYN and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lisa Walker
- Oxford Regional Genetics Service, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Drakoulis Yannoukakos
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, INRASTES, National Centre for Scientific Research 'Demokritos', Athens, Greece
| | - Antonis C Antoniou
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - David E Goldgar
- Department of Dermatology, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | - Georgia Chenevix-Trench
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Timothy R Rebbeck
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dezheng Huo
- Center for Clinical Cancer Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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23
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de Blok CJM, Wiepjes CM, Nota NM, van Engelen K, Adank MA, Dreijerink KMA, Barbé E, Konings IRHM, den Heijer M. Breast cancer risk in transgender people receiving hormone treatment: nationwide cohort study in the Netherlands. BMJ 2019; 365:l1652. [PMID: 31088823 PMCID: PMC6515308 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.l1652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the incidence and characteristics of breast cancer in transgender people in the Netherlands compared with the general Dutch population. DESIGN Retrospective, nationwide cohort study. SETTING Specialised tertiary gender clinic in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. PARTICIPANTS 2260 adult trans women (male sex assigned at birth, female gender identity) and 1229 adult trans men (female sex assigned at birth, male gender identity) who received gender affirming hormone treatment. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Incidence and characteristics (eg, histology, hormone receptor status) of breast cancer in transgender people. RESULTS The total person time in this cohort was 33 991 years for trans women and 14 883 years for trans men. In the 2260 trans women in the cohort, 15 cases of invasive breast cancer were identified (median duration of hormone treatment 18 years, range 7-37 years). This was 46-fold higher than in cisgender men (standardised incidence ratio 46.7, 95% confidence interval 27.2 to 75.4) but lower than in cisgender women (0.3, 0.2 to 0.4). Most tumours were of ductal origin and oestrogen and progesterone receptor positive, and 8.3% were human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2) positive. In 1229 trans men, four cases of invasive breast cancer were identified (median duration of hormone treatment 15 years, range 2-17 years). This was lower than expected compared with cisgender women (standardised incidence ratio 0.2, 95% confidence interval 0.1 to 0.5). CONCLUSIONS This study showed an increased risk of breast cancer in trans women compared with cisgender men, and a lower risk in trans men compared with cisgender women. In trans women, the risk of breast cancer increased during a relatively short duration of hormone treatment and the characteristics of the breast cancer resembled a more female pattern. These results suggest that breast cancer screening guidelines for cisgender people are sufficient for transgender people using hormone treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christel J M de Blok
- Centre of Expertise on Gender Dysphoria, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Endocrinology, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Chantal M Wiepjes
- Centre of Expertise on Gender Dysphoria, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Endocrinology, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Nienke M Nota
- Centre of Expertise on Gender Dysphoria, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Endocrinology, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Klaartje van Engelen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Muriel A Adank
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Koen M A Dreijerink
- Centre of Expertise on Gender Dysphoria, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Endocrinology, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ellis Barbé
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Inge R H M Konings
- Department of Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Martin den Heijer
- Centre of Expertise on Gender Dysphoria, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Endocrinology, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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24
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Qian F, Wang S, Mitchell J, McGuffog L, Barrowdale D, Leslie G, Oosterwijk JC, Chung WK, Evans DG, Engel C, Kast K, Aalfs CM, Adank MA, Adlard J, Agnarsson BA, Aittomäki K, Alducci E, Andrulis IL, Arun BK, Ausems MGEM, Azzollini J, Barouk-Simonet E, Barwell J, Belotti M, Benitez J, Berger A, Borg A, Bradbury AR, Brunet J, Buys SS, Caldes T, Caligo MA, Campbell I, Caputo SM, Chiquette J, Claes KBM, Margriet Collée J, Couch FJ, Coupier I, Daly MB, Davidson R, Diez O, Domchek SM, Donaldson A, Dorfling CM, Eeles R, Feliubadaló L, Foretova L, Fowler J, Friedman E, Frost D, Ganz PA, Garber J, Garcia-Barberan V, Glendon G, Godwin AK, Gómez Garcia EB, Gronwald J, Hahnen E, Hamann U, Henderson A, Hendricks CB, Hopper JL, Hulick PJ, Imyanitov EN, Isaacs C, Izatt L, Izquierdo Á, Jakubowska A, Kaczmarek K, Kang E, Karlan BY, Kets CM, Kim SW, Kim Z, Kwong A, Laitman Y, Lasset C, Hyuk Lee M, Won Lee J, Lee J, Lester J, Lesueur F, Loud JT, Lubinski J, Mebirouk N, Meijers-Heijboer HEJ, Meindl A, Miller A, Montagna M, Mooij TM, Morrison PJ, Mouret-Fourme E, Nathanson KL, Neuhausen SL, Nevanlinna H, Niederacher D, Nielsen FC, Nussbaum RL, Offit K, Olah E, Ong KR, Ottini L, Park SK, Peterlongo P, Pfeiler G, Phelan CM, Poppe B, Pradhan N, Radice P, Ramus SJ, Rantala J, Robson M, Rodriguez GC, Schmutzler RK, Hutten Selkirk CG, Shah PD, Simard J, Singer CF, Sokolowska J, Stoppa-Lyonnet D, Sutter C, Yen Tan Y, Teixeira RM, Teo SH, Terry MB, Thomassen M, Tischkowitz M, Toland AE, Tucker KM, Tung N, van Asperen CJ, van Engelen K, van Rensburg EJ, Wang-Gohrke S, Wappenschmidt B, Weitzel JN, Yannoukakos D, Greene MH, Rookus MA, Easton DF, Chenevix-Trench G, Antoniou AC, Goldgar DE, Olopade OI, Rebbeck TR, Huo D. Height and Body Mass Index as Modifiers of Breast Cancer Risk in BRCA1/2 Mutation Carriers: A Mendelian Randomization Study. J Natl Cancer Inst 2019; 111:350-364. [PMID: 30312457 PMCID: PMC6449171 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djy132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND BRCA1/2 mutations confer high lifetime risk of breast cancer, although other factors may modify this risk. Whether height or body mass index (BMI) modifies breast cancer risk in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers remains unclear. METHODS We used Mendelian randomization approaches to evaluate the association of height and BMI on breast cancer risk, using data from the Consortium of Investigators of Modifiers of BRCA1/2 with 14 676 BRCA1 and 7912 BRCA2 mutation carriers, including 11 451 cases of breast cancer. We created a height genetic score using 586 height-associated variants and a BMI genetic score using 93 BMI-associated variants. We examined both observed and genetically determined height and BMI with breast cancer risk using weighted Cox models. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS Observed height was positively associated with breast cancer risk (HR = 1.09 per 10 cm increase, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.0 to 1.17; P = 1.17). Height genetic score was positively associated with breast cancer, although this was not statistically significant (per 10 cm increase in genetically predicted height, HR = 1.04, 95% CI = 0.93 to 1.17; P = .47). Observed BMI was inversely associated with breast cancer risk (per 5 kg/m2 increase, HR = 0.94, 95% CI = 0.90 to 0.98; P = .007). BMI genetic score was also inversely associated with breast cancer risk (per 5 kg/m2 increase in genetically predicted BMI, HR = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.76 to 0.98; P = .02). BMI was primarily associated with premenopausal breast cancer. CONCLUSION Height is associated with overall breast cancer and BMI is associated with premenopausal breast cancer in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers. Incorporating height and BMI, particularly genetic score, into risk assessment may improve cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Qian
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Shengfeng Wang
- Center for Clinical Cancer Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jonathan Mitchell
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Hepatology and Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Lesley McGuffog
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Daniel Barrowdale
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Goska Leslie
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jan C Oosterwijk
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Wendy K Chung
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - D Gareth Evans
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, Genomic Medicine, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Central Manchester University Hospitals, NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Christoph Engel
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- LIFE - Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Karin Kast
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Clinical Genetics and GROW, School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Cora M Aalfs
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Center for Medical Genetics, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL
- The University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Muriel A Adank
- Family Cancer Clinic, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Julian Adlard
- Yorkshire Regional Genetics Service, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds, UK
- Department of Clinical Genetics and GROW, School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Bjarni A Agnarsson
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
- School of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Kristiina Aittomäki
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elisa Alducci
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - IRCCS, Padua, Italy
- Department of Clinical Genetics and GROW, School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Irene L Andrulis
- Fred A. Litwin Center for Cancer Genetics, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Banu K Arun
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | - Jacopo Azzollini
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS (Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico) Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori (INT), Milan, Italy
| | - Emmanuelle Barouk-Simonet
- Oncogénétique, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - Julian Barwell
- Leicestershire Clinical Genetics Service, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
- Genetic Counseling Unit, Hereditary Cancer Program, IDIBGI (Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona), Catalan Institute of Oncology, CIBERONC, Girona, Spain
| | | | - Javier Benitez
- Schools of Medicine and Public Health, Division of Cancer Prevention & Control Research, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Los Angeles, CA
| | - Andreas Berger
- Department of Oncology, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ake Borg
- Cancer Risk and Prevention Clinic, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Centre for Life, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Angela R Bradbury
- Department of Medicine, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Joan Brunet
- Service de Génétique, Institut Curie, Paris, France
- Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Valencia, Spain, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Saundra S Buys
- Department of Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Institute at the University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Trinidad Caldes
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Hospital Clinico San Carlos, IdISSC, CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria A Caligo
- Section of Genetic Oncology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University and University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ian Campbell
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sandrine M Caputo
- Leicestershire Clinical Genetics Service, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
- Service de Génétique, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Jocelyne Chiquette
- Unité de recherche en santé des populations, Centre des maladies du sein Deschênes-Fabia, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, Québec, QC, Canada
| | | | - J Margriet Collée
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Fergus J Couch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Isabelle Coupier
- Unité d'Oncogénétique, CHU Arnaud de Villeneuve, Montpellier, France
| | - Mary B Daly
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Rosemarie Davidson
- Department of Clinical Genetics, South Glasgow University Hospitals, Glasgow, UK
| | - Orland Diez
- N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Susan M Domchek
- Department of Medicine, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Alan Donaldson
- Oncogenetics Group, Clinical and Molecular Genetics Area, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), University Hospital, Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain (OD); Clinical Genetics Department, St Michael's Hospital, Bristol, UK
| | - Cecilia M Dorfling
- Department of Genetics, University of Pretoria, Arcadia, South Africa
- City of Hope Clinical Cancer Genetics Community Research Network, Duarte, CA
| | - Ros Eeles
- Ocogenetics Team, The Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Lidia Feliubadaló
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lenka Foretova
- Molecular Diagnostic Unit, Hereditary Cancer Program, ICO-IDIBELL (Catalan Institute of Oncology, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute), CIBERONC, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jeffrey Fowler
- The Ohio State University, Columbus Cancer Council, Columbus, OH
| | - Eitan Friedman
- The Susanne Levy Gertner Oncogenetics Unit, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel
| | - Debra Frost
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Patricia A Ganz
- Schools of Medicine and Public Health, Division of Cancer Prevention & Control Research, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Los Angeles, CA
| | - Judy Garber
- Cancer Risk and Prevention Clinic, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Vanesa Garcia-Barberan
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Hospital Clinico San Carlos, IdISSC, CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gord Glendon
- Fred A. Litwin Center for Cancer Genetics, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Andrew K Godwin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - Encarna B Gómez Garcia
- Department of Clinical Genetics and GROW, School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Jacek Gronwald
- Department of Clinical Genetics and GROW, School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Eric Hahnen
- Centers for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer, Integrated Oncology and Molecular Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Alex Henderson
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Centre for Life, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Carolyn B Hendricks
- City of Hope Clinical Cancer Genetics Community Research Network, Duarte, CA
| | - John L Hopper
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter J Hulick
- Center for Medical Genetics, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL
- The University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | | | - Claudine Isaacs
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC (CI)
| | - Louise Izatt
- Clinical Genetics, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Ángel Izquierdo
- Genetic Counseling Unit, Hereditary Cancer Program, IDIBGI (Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona), Catalan Institute of Oncology, CIBERONC, Girona, Spain
| | - Anna Jakubowska
- Department of Clinical Genetics and GROW, School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Katarzyna Kaczmarek
- Department of Clinical Genetics and GROW, School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Eunyoung Kang
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Beth Y Karlan
- Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Carolien M Kets
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Sung-Won Kim
- Department of Surgery, Daerim Saint Mary's Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Zisun Kim
- Department of Surgery, Soonchunhyang University Hospital Bucheon, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Ava Kwong
- Hong Kong Hereditary Breast Cancer Family Registry, Happy Valley, Hong Kong
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
- Department of Surgery, Hong Kong Sanatorium and Hospital, Happy Valley, Hong Kong
| | - Yael Laitman
- The Susanne Levy Gertner Oncogenetics Unit, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Christine Lasset
- Unité de Prévention et d’Epidémiologie Génétique, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Min Hyuk Lee
- Department of Surgery, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine and Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Won Lee
- Department of Surgery, Ulsan University College of Medicine and Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jihyoun Lee
- Department of Clinical Genetics and GROW, School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Surgery, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine and Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jenny Lester
- Department of Clinical Genetics and GROW, School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Fabienne Lesueur
- Genetic Epidemiology of Cancer team, Institut Curie, Paris, France
- U900, INSERM, Paris, France
- PSL University, Paris, France
- Mines ParisTech, Fontainebleau, France
| | - Jennifer T Loud
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
| | - Jan Lubinski
- Department of Clinical Genetics and GROW, School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Noura Mebirouk
- Genetic Epidemiology of Cancer team, Institut Curie, Paris, France
- U900, INSERM, Paris, France
- PSL University, Paris, France
- Mines ParisTech, Fontainebleau, France
| | | | - Alfons Meindl
- Division of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- NRG Oncology, Statistics and Data Management Center, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY
| | - Austin Miller
- Division of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Marco Montagna
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Thea M Mooij
- Department of Epidemiology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Patrick J Morrison
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | | | | | - Susan L Neuhausen
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Heli Nevanlinna
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Dieter Niederacher
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Finn C Nielsen
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Robert L Nussbaum
- Cancer Genetics and Prevention Program, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Kenneth Offit
- Clinical Genetics Research Laboratory, Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Clinical Genetics Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Edith Olah
- Department of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kai-Ren Ong
- West Midlands Regional Genetics Service, Birmingham Women’s Hospital Healthcare NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Laura Ottini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Sue K Park
- Departments of Preventive Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, and Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Paolo Peterlongo
- IFOM, The FIRC (Italian Foundation for Cancer Research) Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Georg Pfeiler
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Bruce Poppe
- Centre for Medical Genetics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nisha Pradhan
- Clinical Genetics Research Laboratory, Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Paolo Radice
- Unit of Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk and Genetic Testing, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS (Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico) Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori (INT), Milan, Italy
| | - Susan J Ramus
- School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Mark Robson
- Clinical Genetics Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Gustavo C Rodriguez
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, University of Chicago, Evanston, IL
| | - Rita K Schmutzler
- Centers for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer, Integrated Oncology and Molecular Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Payal D Shah
- Department of Medicine, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jacques Simard
- Laboratoire de génétique médicale, Nancy Université, Centre Hospitalier Régional et Universitaire, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
| | - Christian F Singer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johanna Sokolowska
- Genomics Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec Research Center, Laval University, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Dominique Stoppa-Lyonnet
- Department of Tumour Biology, Institut Curie, INSERM U830, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Christian Sutter
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yen Yen Tan
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Valencia, Spain, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - R Manuel Teixeira
- Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute, Porto, Portugal
- Biomedical Sciences Institute (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Soo H Teo
- Cancer Research Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
- Breast Cancer Research Unit, Cancer Research Institute, University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mary Beth Terry
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Mads Thomassen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Marc Tischkowitz
- Program in Cancer Genetics, Departments of Human Genetics and Oncology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Amanda E Toland
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Katherine M Tucker
- School of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Hereditary Cancer Centre, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nadine Tung
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Christi J van Asperen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Klaartje van Engelen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Shan Wang-Gohrke
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Barbara Wappenschmidt
- Centers for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer, Integrated Oncology and Molecular Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Drakoulis Yannoukakos
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, INRASTES, National Centre for Scientific Research ‘Demokritos’, Athens, Greece
| | - GEMO Study Collaborators
- Department of Tumour Biology, Institut Curie, INSERM U830, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - HEBON
- The Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer Research Group Netherlands
- Coordinating Center, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - EMBRACE
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mark H Greene
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
| | - Matti A Rookus
- Department of Epidemiology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Douglas F Easton
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Georgia Chenevix-Trench
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Antonis C Antoniou
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - David E Goldgar
- Department of Dermatology, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT
| | | | - Timothy R Rebbeck
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Dezheng Huo
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
- Department of Public Health Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL (DH)
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Mavaddat N, Michailidou K, Dennis J, Lush M, Fachal L, Lee A, Tyrer JP, Chen TH, Wang Q, Bolla MK, Yang X, Adank MA, Ahearn T, Aittomäki K, Allen J, Andrulis IL, Anton-Culver H, Antonenkova NN, Arndt V, Aronson KJ, Auer PL, Auvinen P, Barrdahl M, Beane Freeman LE, Beckmann MW, Behrens S, Benitez J, Bermisheva M, Bernstein L, Blomqvist C, Bogdanova NV, Bojesen SE, Bonanni B, Børresen-Dale AL, Brauch H, Bremer M, Brenner H, Brentnall A, Brock IW, Brooks-Wilson A, Brucker SY, Brüning T, Burwinkel B, Campa D, Carter BD, Castelao JE, Chanock SJ, Chlebowski R, Christiansen H, Clarke CL, Collée JM, Cordina-Duverger E, Cornelissen S, Couch FJ, Cox A, Cross SS, Czene K, Daly MB, Devilee P, Dörk T, Dos-Santos-Silva I, Dumont M, Durcan L, Dwek M, Eccles DM, Ekici AB, Eliassen AH, Ellberg C, Engel C, Eriksson M, Evans DG, Fasching PA, Figueroa J, Fletcher O, Flyger H, Försti A, Fritschi L, Gabrielson M, Gago-Dominguez M, Gapstur SM, García-Sáenz JA, Gaudet MM, Georgoulias V, Giles GG, Gilyazova IR, Glendon G, Goldberg MS, Goldgar DE, González-Neira A, Grenaker Alnæs GI, Grip M, Gronwald J, Grundy A, Guénel P, Haeberle L, Hahnen E, Haiman CA, Håkansson N, Hamann U, Hankinson SE, Harkness EF, Hart SN, He W, Hein A, Heyworth J, Hillemanns P, Hollestelle A, Hooning MJ, Hoover RN, Hopper JL, Howell A, Huang G, Humphreys K, Hunter DJ, Jakimovska M, Jakubowska A, Janni W, John EM, Johnson N, Jones ME, Jukkola-Vuorinen A, Jung A, Kaaks R, Kaczmarek K, Kataja V, Keeman R, Kerin MJ, Khusnutdinova E, Kiiski JI, Knight JA, Ko YD, Kosma VM, Koutros S, Kristensen VN, Krüger U, Kühl T, Lambrechts D, Le Marchand L, Lee E, Lejbkowicz F, Lilyquist J, Lindblom A, Lindström S, Lissowska J, Lo WY, Loibl S, Long J, Lubiński J, Lux MP, MacInnis RJ, Maishman T, Makalic E, Maleva Kostovska I, Mannermaa A, Manoukian S, Margolin S, Martens JWM, Martinez ME, Mavroudis D, McLean C, Meindl A, Menon U, Middha P, Miller N, Moreno F, Mulligan AM, Mulot C, Muñoz-Garzon VM, Neuhausen SL, Nevanlinna H, Neven P, Newman WG, Nielsen SF, Nordestgaard BG, Norman A, Offit K, Olson JE, Olsson H, Orr N, Pankratz VS, Park-Simon TW, Perez JIA, Pérez-Barrios C, Peterlongo P, Peto J, Pinchev M, Plaseska-Karanfilska D, Polley EC, Prentice R, Presneau N, Prokofyeva D, Purrington K, Pylkäs K, Rack B, Radice P, Rau-Murthy R, Rennert G, Rennert HS, Rhenius V, Robson M, Romero A, Ruddy KJ, Ruebner M, Saloustros E, Sandler DP, Sawyer EJ, Schmidt DF, Schmutzler RK, Schneeweiss A, Schoemaker MJ, Schumacher F, Schürmann P, Schwentner L, Scott C, Scott RJ, Seynaeve C, Shah M, Sherman ME, Shrubsole MJ, Shu XO, Slager S, Smeets A, Sohn C, Soucy P, Southey MC, Spinelli JJ, Stegmaier C, Stone J, Swerdlow AJ, Tamimi RM, Tapper WJ, Taylor JA, Terry MB, Thöne K, Tollenaar RAEM, Tomlinson I, Truong T, Tzardi M, Ulmer HU, Untch M, Vachon CM, van Veen EM, Vijai J, Weinberg CR, Wendt C, Whittemore AS, Wildiers H, Willett W, Winqvist R, Wolk A, Yang XR, Yannoukakos D, Zhang Y, Zheng W, Ziogas A, Dunning AM, Thompson DJ, Chenevix-Trench G, Chang-Claude J, Schmidt MK, Hall P, Milne RL, Pharoah PDP, Antoniou AC, Chatterjee N, Kraft P, García-Closas M, Simard J, Easton DF. Polygenic Risk Scores for Prediction of Breast Cancer and Breast Cancer Subtypes. Am J Hum Genet 2019; 104:21-34. [PMID: 30554720 PMCID: PMC6323553 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 542] [Impact Index Per Article: 108.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Stratification of women according to their risk of breast cancer based on polygenic risk scores (PRSs) could improve screening and prevention strategies. Our aim was to develop PRSs, optimized for prediction of estrogen receptor (ER)-specific disease, from the largest available genome-wide association dataset and to empirically validate the PRSs in prospective studies. The development dataset comprised 94,075 case subjects and 75,017 control subjects of European ancestry from 69 studies, divided into training and validation sets. Samples were genotyped using genome-wide arrays, and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were selected by stepwise regression or lasso penalized regression. The best performing PRSs were validated in an independent test set comprising 11,428 case subjects and 18,323 control subjects from 10 prospective studies and 190,040 women from UK Biobank (3,215 incident breast cancers). For the best PRSs (313 SNPs), the odds ratio for overall disease per 1 standard deviation in ten prospective studies was 1.61 (95%CI: 1.57-1.65) with area under receiver-operator curve (AUC) = 0.630 (95%CI: 0.628-0.651). The lifetime risk of overall breast cancer in the top centile of the PRSs was 32.6%. Compared with women in the middle quintile, those in the highest 1% of risk had 4.37- and 2.78-fold risks, and those in the lowest 1% of risk had 0.16- and 0.27-fold risks, of developing ER-positive and ER-negative disease, respectively. Goodness-of-fit tests indicated that this PRS was well calibrated and predicts disease risk accurately in the tails of the distribution. This PRS is a powerful and reliable predictor of breast cancer risk that may improve breast cancer prevention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasim Mavaddat
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK.
| | - Kyriaki Michailidou
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK; Department of Electron Microscopy/Molecular Pathology, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, 1683 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Joe Dennis
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Michael Lush
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Laura Fachal
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Andrew Lee
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Jonathan P Tyrer
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Ting-Huei Chen
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Laval University, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Qin Wang
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Manjeet K Bolla
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Xin Yang
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Muriel A Adank
- Family Cancer Clinic, the Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek hospital, Amsterdam, 1066 CX, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas Ahearn
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20850, USA
| | - Kristiina Aittomäki
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland
| | - Jamie Allen
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Irene L Andrulis
- Fred A. Litwin Center for Cancer Genetics, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Hoda Anton-Culver
- Department of Epidemiology, Genetic Epidemiology Research Institute, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
| | - Natalia N Antonenkova
- NN Alexandrov Research Institute of Oncology and Medical Radiology, Minsk 223040, Belarus
| | - Volker Arndt
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Kristan J Aronson
- Department of Public Health Sciences, and Cancer Research Institute, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Paul L Auer
- Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Zilber School of Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53205, USA
| | - Päivi Auvinen
- Cancer Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio 70210, Finland; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oncology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio 70210, Finland; Translational Cancer Research Area, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio 70210, Finland
| | - Myrto Barrdahl
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Laura E Beane Freeman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20850, USA
| | - Matthias W Beckmann
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Sabine Behrens
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Javier Benitez
- Human Cancer Genetics Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid 28029, Spain; Biomedical Network on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Marina Bermisheva
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa 450054, Russia
| | - Leslie Bernstein
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Carl Blomqvist
- Department of Oncology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland; Department of Oncology, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro 70185, Sweden
| | - Natalia V Bogdanova
- NN Alexandrov Research Institute of Oncology and Medical Radiology, Minsk 223040, Belarus; Department of Radiation Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany; Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Stig E Bojesen
- Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev 2730, Denmark; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev 2730, Denmark; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Bernardo Bonanni
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan 20141, Italy
| | - Anne-Lise Børresen-Dale
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital-Radiumhospitalet, Oslo 0379, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo 0450, Norway
| | - Hiltrud Brauch
- Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart 70376, Germany; University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72074, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Michael Bremer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany; Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Adam Brentnall
- Centre for Cancer Prevention, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Ian W Brock
- Sheffield Institute for Nucleic Acids (SInFoNiA), Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Angela Brooks-Wilson
- Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada; Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Sara Y Brucker
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Thomas Brüning
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA), Bochum 44789, Germany
| | - Barbara Burwinkel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany; Molecular Epidemiology Group, C080, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Daniele Campa
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany; Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa 56126, Italy
| | - Brian D Carter
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Jose E Castelao
- Oncology and Genetics Unit, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria Galicia Sur (IISGS), Xerencia de Xestion Integrada de Vigo-SERGAS, Vigo 36312, Spain
| | - Stephen J Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20850, USA
| | - Rowan Chlebowski
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA
| | - Hans Christiansen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Christine L Clarke
- Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - J Margriet Collée
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015 CN, the Netherlands
| | - Emilie Cordina-Duverger
- Cancer & Environment Group, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), INSERM, University Paris-Sud, University Paris-Saclay, Villejuif 94805, France
| | - Sten Cornelissen
- Division of Molecular Pathology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam 1066 CX, the Netherlands
| | - Fergus J Couch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Angela Cox
- Sheffield Institute for Nucleic Acids (SInFoNiA), Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Simon S Cross
- Academic Unit of Pathology, Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Kamila Czene
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 65, Sweden
| | - Mary B Daly
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Peter Devilee
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, the Netherlands; Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, the Netherlands
| | - Thilo Dörk
- Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Isabel Dos-Santos-Silva
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Martine Dumont
- Genomics Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec - Université Laval Research Center, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Lorraine Durcan
- Southampton Clinical Trials Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 6YD, UK; Cancer Sciences Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 6YD, UK
| | - Miriam Dwek
- School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London W1B 2HW, UK
| | - Diana M Eccles
- Cancer Sciences Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 6YD, UK
| | - Arif B Ekici
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - A Heather Eliassen
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Carolina Ellberg
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund 222 42, Sweden
| | - Christoph Engel
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig 04107, Germany; LIFE - Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Mikael Eriksson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 65, Sweden
| | - D Gareth Evans
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9WL, UK; North West Genomic Laboratory Hub, Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
| | - Peter A Fasching
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen 91054, Germany; David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jonine Figueroa
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20850, USA; Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, The University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK; Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Olivia Fletcher
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Henrik Flyger
- Department of Breast Surgery, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev 2730, Denmark
| | - Asta Försti
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany; Center for Primary Health Care Research, Clinical Research Center, Lund University, Malmö 205 02, Sweden
| | - Lin Fritschi
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Marike Gabrielson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 65, Sweden
| | - Manuela Gago-Dominguez
- Genomic Medicine Group, Galician Foundation of Genomic Medicine, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago, SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain; Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Susan M Gapstur
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - José A García-Sáenz
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Mia M Gaudet
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Vassilios Georgoulias
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion 711 10, Greece
| | - Graham G Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology & Intelligence Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Irina R Gilyazova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa 450054, Russia; Department of Genetics and Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State University, Ufa 450076, Russia
| | - Gord Glendon
- Fred A. Litwin Center for Cancer Genetics, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Mark S Goldberg
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Royal Victoria Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - David E Goldgar
- Department of Dermatology and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Anna González-Neira
- Human Cancer Genetics Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Grethe I Grenaker Alnæs
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital-Radiumhospitalet, Oslo 0379, Norway
| | - Mervi Grip
- Department of Surgery, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu 90220, Finland
| | - Jacek Gronwald
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin 71-252, Poland
| | - Anne Grundy
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de Université de Montréal (CHUM), Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Pascal Guénel
- Cancer & Environment Group, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), INSERM, University Paris-Sud, University Paris-Saclay, Villejuif 94805, France
| | - Lothar Haeberle
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Eric Hahnen
- Center for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne 50937, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne 50931, Germany
| | - Christopher A Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Niclas Håkansson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Ute Hamann
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Susan E Hankinson
- Department of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst, MA 1003, USA
| | - Elaine F Harkness
- Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9PT, UK; Nightingale Breast Screening Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M23 9LT, UK; NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
| | - Steven N Hart
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Wei He
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 65, Sweden
| | - Alexander Hein
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Jane Heyworth
- School of Population and Global Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Peter Hillemanns
- Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Antoinette Hollestelle
- Department of Medical Oncology, Family Cancer Clinic, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam 3015 CN, the Netherlands
| | - Maartje J Hooning
- Department of Medical Oncology, Family Cancer Clinic, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam 3015 CN, the Netherlands
| | - Robert N Hoover
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20850, USA
| | - John L Hopper
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Anthony Howell
- Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Guanmengqian Huang
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Keith Humphreys
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 65, Sweden
| | - David J Hunter
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Milena Jakimovska
- Research Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology "Georgi D. Efremov," Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Skopje 1000, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Anna Jakubowska
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin 71-252, Poland; Independent Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genetic Diagnostics, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin 71-252, Poland
| | - Wolfgang Janni
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm 89075, Germany
| | - Esther M John
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
| | - Nichola Johnson
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Michael E Jones
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Arja Jukkola-Vuorinen
- Department of Oncology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland Box 2000, 33521 Tampere, Finland
| | - Audrey Jung
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Rudolf Kaaks
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Katarzyna Kaczmarek
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin 71-252, Poland
| | - Vesa Kataja
- Translational Cancer Research Area, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio 70210, Finland; Central Finland Health Care District, Jyväskylä Central Hospital, Jyväskylä 40620, Finland
| | - Renske Keeman
- Division of Molecular Pathology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam 1066 CX, the Netherlands
| | - Michael J Kerin
- Surgery, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway H91TK33, Ireland
| | - Elza Khusnutdinova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa 450054, Russia; Department of Genetics and Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State University, Ufa 450076, Russia
| | - Johanna I Kiiski
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland
| | - Julia A Knight
- Prosserman Centre for Population Health Research, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON M5T 3L9, Canada; Division of Epidemiology, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 3M7, Canada
| | - Yon-Dschun Ko
- Department of Internal Medicine, Evangelische Kliniken Bonn gGmbH, Johanniter Krankenhaus, Bonn 53177, Germany
| | - Veli-Matti Kosma
- Translational Cancer Research Area, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio 70210, Finland; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio 70210, Finland; Imaging Center, Department of Clinical Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio 70210, Finland
| | - Stella Koutros
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20850, USA
| | - Vessela N Kristensen
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital-Radiumhospitalet, Oslo 0379, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo 0450, Norway
| | - Ute Krüger
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund 222 42, Sweden
| | - Tabea Kühl
- Cancer Epidemiology Group, University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany
| | - Diether Lambrechts
- VIB Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven 3000, Belgium; Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Loic Le Marchand
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Eunjung Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Flavio Lejbkowicz
- Clalit National Cancer Control Center, Carmel Medical Center and Technion Faculty of Medicine, Haifa 35254, Israel
| | - Jenna Lilyquist
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Annika Lindblom
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, and Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm 171 76, Sweden
| | - Sara Lindström
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Jolanta Lissowska
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, M Sklodowska-Curie Cancer Center - Oncology Institute, Warsaw 02-034, Poland
| | - Wing-Yee Lo
- Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart 70376, Germany; University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72074, Germany
| | - Sibylle Loibl
- German Breast Group, GmbH, Neu Isenburg 63263, Germany
| | - Jirong Long
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jan Lubiński
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin 71-252, Poland
| | - Michael P Lux
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Robert J MacInnis
- Cancer Epidemiology & Intelligence Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Tom Maishman
- Southampton Clinical Trials Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 6YD, UK; Cancer Sciences Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 6YD, UK
| | - Enes Makalic
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Ivana Maleva Kostovska
- Research Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology "Georgi D. Efremov," Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Skopje 1000, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Arto Mannermaa
- Translational Cancer Research Area, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio 70210, Finland; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio 70210, Finland; Imaging Center, Department of Clinical Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio 70210, Finland
| | - Siranoush Manoukian
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori (INT), Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Sara Margolin
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 118 83, Sweden; Department of Oncology, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm 118 83, Sweden
| | - John W M Martens
- Department of Medical Oncology, Family Cancer Clinic, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam 3015 CN, the Netherlands
| | - Maria Elena Martinez
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Dimitrios Mavroudis
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion 711 10, Greece
| | - Catriona McLean
- Anatomical Pathology, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Alfons Meindl
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich 80336, Germany
| | - Usha Menon
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit at UCL, Institute of Clinical Trials & Methodology, University College London, London WC1V 6LJ, UK
| | - Pooja Middha
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Nicola Miller
- Surgery, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway H91TK33, Ireland
| | - Fernando Moreno
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Anna Marie Mulligan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Claire Mulot
- Université Paris Sorbonne Cité, INSERM UMR-S1147, Paris 75270, France
| | | | - Susan L Neuhausen
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Heli Nevanlinna
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland
| | - Patrick Neven
- Leuven Multidisciplinary Breast Center, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - William G Newman
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9WL, UK; North West Genomic Laboratory Hub, Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
| | - Sune F Nielsen
- Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev 2730, Denmark; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev 2730, Denmark
| | - Børge G Nordestgaard
- Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev 2730, Denmark; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev 2730, Denmark; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Aaron Norman
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Kenneth Offit
- Clinical Genetics Research Lab, Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Clinical Genetics Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Janet E Olson
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Håkan Olsson
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund 222 42, Sweden
| | - Nick Orr
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, UK
| | - V Shane Pankratz
- University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | | | - Jose I A Perez
- Servicio de Cirugía General y Especialidades, Hospital Monte Naranco, Oviedo 33012, Spain
| | - Clara Pérez-Barrios
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Madrid 28222, Spain
| | - Paolo Peterlongo
- Genome Diagnostic Program, IFOM the FIRC (Italian Foundation for Cancer Research) Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan 20139, Italy
| | - Julian Peto
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Mila Pinchev
- Clalit National Cancer Control Center, Carmel Medical Center and Technion Faculty of Medicine, Haifa 35254, Israel
| | - Dijana Plaseska-Karanfilska
- Research Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology "Georgi D. Efremov," Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Skopje 1000, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Eric C Polley
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Ross Prentice
- Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Nadege Presneau
- School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London W1B 2HW, UK
| | - Darya Prokofyeva
- Department of Genetics and Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State University, Ufa 450076, Russia
| | - Kristen Purrington
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Katri Pylkäs
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu 90220, Finland; Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Northern Finland Laboratory Centre Oulu, Oulu 90220, Finland
| | - Brigitte Rack
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm 89075, Germany
| | - Paolo Radice
- Unit of Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk and Genetic Testing, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori (INT), Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Rohini Rau-Murthy
- Clinical Genetics Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Gad Rennert
- Clalit National Cancer Control Center, Carmel Medical Center and Technion Faculty of Medicine, Haifa 35254, Israel
| | - Hedy S Rennert
- Clalit National Cancer Control Center, Carmel Medical Center and Technion Faculty of Medicine, Haifa 35254, Israel
| | - Valerie Rhenius
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Mark Robson
- Clinical Genetics Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Atocha Romero
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Madrid 28222, Spain
| | - Kathryn J Ruddy
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Matthias Ruebner
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | | | - Dale P Sandler
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Elinor J Sawyer
- Research Oncology, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Daniel F Schmidt
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; Faculty of Information Technology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Rita K Schmutzler
- Center for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne 50937, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne 50931, Germany
| | - Andreas Schneeweiss
- National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Minouk J Schoemaker
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Fredrick Schumacher
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Peter Schürmann
- Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Lukas Schwentner
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm 89075, Germany
| | - Christopher Scott
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Rodney J Scott
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Pathology North, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, NSW 2305, Australia; Discipline of Medical Genetics, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Caroline Seynaeve
- Department of Medical Oncology, Family Cancer Clinic, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam 3015 CN, the Netherlands
| | - Mitul Shah
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Mark E Sherman
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Martha J Shrubsole
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Susan Slager
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Ann Smeets
- Leuven Multidisciplinary Breast Center, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Christof Sohn
- National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Penny Soucy
- Genomics Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec - Université Laval Research Center, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Melissa C Southey
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - John J Spinelli
- Population Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1G1, Canada; School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | | | - Jennifer Stone
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; The Curtin UWA Centre for Genetic Origins of Health and Disease, Curtin University and University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6000, Australia
| | - Anthony J Swerdlow
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SM2 5NG, UK; Division of Breast Cancer Research, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Rulla M Tamimi
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - William J Tapper
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Jack A Taylor
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA; Epigenetic and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Mary Beth Terry
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Kathrin Thöne
- Cancer Epidemiology Group, University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany
| | - Rob A E M Tollenaar
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, the Netherlands
| | - Ian Tomlinson
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics and Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Thérèse Truong
- Cancer & Environment Group, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), INSERM, University Paris-Sud, University Paris-Saclay, Villejuif 94805, France
| | - Maria Tzardi
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion 711 10, Greece
| | - Hans-Ulrich Ulmer
- Frauenklinik der Stadtklinik Baden-Baden, Baden-Baden 76532, Germany
| | - Michael Untch
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Helios Clinics Berlin-Buch, Berlin 13125, Germany
| | - Celine M Vachon
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Elke M van Veen
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9WL, UK; North West Genomic Laboratory Hub, Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
| | - Joseph Vijai
- Clinical Genetics Research Lab, Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Clinical Genetics Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Clarice R Weinberg
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Camilla Wendt
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 118 83, Sweden; Department of Oncology, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm 118 83, Sweden
| | - Alice S Whittemore
- Department of Health Research and Policy - Epidemiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Hans Wildiers
- Leuven Multidisciplinary Breast Center, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Walter Willett
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Robert Winqvist
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu 90220, Finland; Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Northern Finland Laboratory Centre Oulu, Oulu 90220, Finland
| | - Alicja Wolk
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden; Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala 751 05, Sweden
| | - Xiaohong R Yang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20850, USA
| | - Drakoulis Yannoukakos
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, INRASTES, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos," Athens 15310, Greece
| | - Yan Zhang
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Argyrios Ziogas
- Department of Epidemiology, Genetic Epidemiology Research Institute, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
| | - Alison M Dunning
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Deborah J Thompson
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Georgia Chenevix-Trench
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany; Cancer Epidemiology Group, University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany
| | - Marjanka K Schmidt
- Division of Molecular Pathology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam 1066 CX, the Netherlands; Division of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek hospital, Amsterdam 1066 CX, the Netherlands
| | - Per Hall
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 65, Sweden; Department of Oncology, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm 118 83, Sweden
| | - Roger L Milne
- Cancer Epidemiology & Intelligence Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Paul D P Pharoah
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK; Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Antonis C Antoniou
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Nilanjan Chatterjee
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20850, USA; Department of Biostatistics, Bloomberg School of Public Health, John Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, John Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Peter Kraft
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Montserrat García-Closas
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20850, USA
| | - Jacques Simard
- Genomics Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec - Université Laval Research Center, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Douglas F Easton
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK; Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
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Mikropoulos C, Hutten Selkirk CG, Saya S, Bancroft E, Vertosick E, Dadaev T, Brendler C, Page E, Dias A, Evans DG, Rothwell J, Maehle L, Axcrona K, Richardson K, Eccles D, Jensen T, Osther PJ, van Asperen CJ, Vasen H, Kiemeney LA, Ringelberg J, Cybulski C, Wokolorczyk D, Hart R, Glover W, Lam J, Taylor L, Salinas M, Feliubadaló L, Oldenburg R, Cremers R, Verhaegh G, van Zelst-Stams WA, Oosterwijk JC, Cook J, Rosario DJ, Buys SS, Conner T, Domchek S, Powers J, Ausems MGEM, Teixeira MR, Maia S, Izatt L, Schmutzler R, Rhiem K, Foulkes WD, Boshari T, Davidson R, Ruijs M, Helderman-van den Enden ATJM, Andrews L, Walker L, Snape K, Henderson A, Jobson I, Lindeman GJ, Liljegren A, Harris M, Adank MA, Kirk J, Taylor A, Susman R, Chen-Shtoyerman R, Pachter N, Spigelman A, Side L, Zgajnar J, Mora J, Brewer C, Gadea N, Brady AF, Gallagher D, van Os T, Donaldson A, Stefansdottir V, Barwell J, James PA, Murphy D, Friedman E, Nicolai N, Greenhalgh L, Obeid E, Murthy V, Copakova L, McGrath J, Teo SH, Strom S, Kast K, Leongamornlert DA, Chamberlain A, Pope J, Newlin AC, Aaronson N, Ardern-Jones A, Bangma C, Castro E, Dearnaley D, Eyfjord J, Falconer A, Foster CS, Gronberg H, Hamdy FC, Johannsson O, Khoo V, Lubinski J, Grindedal EM, McKinley J, Shackleton K, Mitra AV, Moynihan C, Rennert G, Suri M, Tricker K, Moss S, Kote-Jarai Z, Vickers A, Lilja H, Helfand BT, Eeles RA. Prostate-specific antigen velocity in a prospective prostate cancer screening study of men with genetic predisposition. Br J Cancer 2018; 118:e17. [PMID: 29509747 PMCID: PMC5877440 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2018.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This corrects the article DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2017.429.
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Mikropoulos C, Selkirk CGH, Saya S, Bancroft E, Vertosick E, Dadaev T, Brendler C, Page E, Dias A, Evans DG, Rothwell J, Maehle L, Axcrona K, Richardson K, Eccles D, Jensen T, Osther PJ, van Asperen CJ, Vasen H, Kiemeney LA, Ringelberg J, Cybulski C, Wokolorczyk D, Hart R, Glover W, Lam J, Taylor L, Salinas M, Feliubadaló L, Oldenburg R, Cremers R, Verhaegh G, van Zelst-Stams WA, Oosterwijk JC, Cook J, Rosario DJ, Buys SS, Conner T, Domchek S, Powers J, Ausems MGEM, Teixeira MR, Maia S, Izatt L, Schmutzler R, Rhiem K, Foulkes WD, Boshari T, Davidson R, Ruijs M, Helderman-van den Enden ATJM, Andrews L, Walker L, Snape K, Henderson A, Jobson I, Lindeman GJ, Liljegren A, Harris M, Adank MA, Kirk J, Taylor A, Susman R, Chen-Shtoyerman R, Pachter N, Spigelman A, Side L, Zgajnar J, Mora J, Brewer C, Gadea N, Brady AF, Gallagher D, van Os T, Donaldson A, Stefansdottir V, Barwell J, James PA, Murphy D, Friedman E, Nicolai N, Greenhalgh L, Obeid E, Murthy V, Copakova L, McGrath J, Teo SH, Strom S, Kast K, Leongamornlert DA, Chamberlain A, Pope J, Newlin AC, Aaronson N, Ardern-Jones A, Bangma C, Castro E, Dearnaley D, Eyfjord J, Falconer A, Foster CS, Gronberg H, Hamdy FC, Johannsson O, Khoo V, Lubinski J, Grindedal EM, McKinley J, Shackleton K, Mitra AV, Moynihan C, Rennert G, Suri M, Tricker K, Moss S, Kote-Jarai Z, Vickers A, Lilja H, Helfand BT, Eeles RA. Prostate-specific antigen velocity in a prospective prostate cancer screening study of men with genetic predisposition. Br J Cancer 2018; 118:266-276. [PMID: 29301143 PMCID: PMC5785754 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2017.429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and PSA-velocity (PSAV) have been used to identify men at risk of prostate cancer (PrCa). The IMPACT study is evaluating PSA screening in men with a known genetic predisposition to PrCa due to BRCA1/2 mutations. This analysis evaluates the utility of PSA and PSAV for identifying PrCa and high-grade disease in this cohort. METHODS PSAV was calculated using logistic regression to determine if PSA or PSAV predicted the result of prostate biopsy (PB) in men with elevated PSA values. Cox regression was used to determine whether PSA or PSAV predicted PSA elevation in men with low PSAs. Interaction terms were included in the models to determine whether BRCA status influenced the predictiveness of PSA or PSAV. RESULTS 1634 participants had ⩾3 PSA readings of whom 174 underwent PB and 45 PrCas diagnosed. In men with PSA >3.0 ng ml-l, PSAV was not significantly associated with presence of cancer or high-grade disease. PSAV did not add to PSA for predicting time to an elevated PSA. When comparing BRCA1/2 carriers to non-carriers, we found a significant interaction between BRCA status and last PSA before biopsy (P=0.031) and BRCA2 status and PSAV (P=0.024). However, PSAV was not predictive of biopsy outcome in BRCA2 carriers. CONCLUSIONS PSA is more strongly predictive of PrCa in BRCA carriers than non-carriers. We did not find evidence that PSAV aids decision-making for BRCA carriers over absolute PSA value alone.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christina G Hutten Selkirk
- The John and Carol Walter Center for Urological Health, Department of Surgery, North Shore University Health System, Evanston, IL 60201, USA
- Center for Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL 60201, USA
| | - Sibel Saya
- The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Elizabeth Bancroft
- The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, UK
- Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Fulham Rd, London SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - Emily Vertosick
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Tokhir Dadaev
- The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Charles Brendler
- The John and Carol Walter Center for Urological Health, Department of Surgery, North Shore University Health System, Evanston, IL 60201, USA
| | - Elizabeth Page
- The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Alexander Dias
- The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, UK
- Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Fulham Rd, London SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - D Gareth Evans
- Genomic Medicine, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, University of Manchester, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
| | - Jeanette Rothwell
- Genomic Medicine, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, University of Manchester, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
| | - Lovise Maehle
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo 0372, Norway
| | - Karol Axcrona
- Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog 1478, Norway
| | - Kate Richardson
- Parkville Familial Cancer Centre, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Diana Eccles
- Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, Princess Anne Hospital, Southampton SO16 5YA, UK
- Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Thomas Jensen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Vejle Hospital, Vejle 7100, Denmark
| | - Palle J Osther
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Vejle Hospital, Vejle 7100, Denmark
| | - Christi J van Asperen
- Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden, ZA 2333, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Vasen
- Netherlands Foundation for the Detection of Hereditary Tumors, Leiden, ZA 2333, The Netherlands
| | | | - Janneke Ringelberg
- Netherlands Foundation for the Detection of Hereditary Tumors, Leiden, ZA 2333, The Netherlands
| | - Cezary Cybulski
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin 70-204, Poland
| | - Dominika Wokolorczyk
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin 70-204, Poland
| | - Rachel Hart
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Birmingham Women's Hospital, Birmingham B15 2TG, UK
| | - Wayne Glover
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Birmingham Women's Hospital, Birmingham B15 2TG, UK
| | - Jimmy Lam
- Department of Urology, Repatriation General Hospital, Daw Park, SA 5041, Australia
| | - Louise Taylor
- Department of Urology, Repatriation General Hospital, Daw Park, SA 5041, Australia
| | - Monica Salinas
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO-IDIBELL, CIBERONC), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona 08908, Spain
| | - Lidia Feliubadaló
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO-IDIBELL, CIBERONC), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona 08908, Spain
| | - Rogier Oldenburg
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015 CE, The Netherlands
| | - Ruben Cremers
- Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, GA 6525, The Netherlands
| | - Gerald Verhaegh
- Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, GA 6525, The Netherlands
| | - Wendy A van Zelst-Stams
- Netherlands Foundation for the Detection of Hereditary Tumors, Leiden, ZA 2333, The Netherlands
| | - Jan C Oosterwijk
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen 9713 GZ, The Netherlands
| | - Jackie Cook
- Sheffield Clinical Genetics Service, Sheffield Children's Hospital, Sheffield S10 2TH, UK
| | | | - Saundra S Buys
- Huntsman Cancer Institute at the University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84103, USA
| | - Tom Conner
- Huntsman Cancer Institute at the University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84103, USA
| | - Susan Domchek
- Basser Research Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jacquelyn Powers
- Basser Research Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Margreet GEM Ausems
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, CX, The Netherlands
| | - Manuel R Teixeira
- Genetics Department and Research Center, Portuguese Oncology Institute, Porto 4200-072, Portugal
- Biomedical Sciences Institute (ICBAS), Porto University, Porto 4200-072, Portugal
| | - Sofia Maia
- Genetics Department and Research Center, Portuguese Oncology Institute, Porto 4200-072, Portugal
| | - Louise Izatt
- South East Thames Genetics Service, Guy’s Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Rita Schmutzler
- Center of Familial Breast and Ovarian Cancer, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne 50937, Germany
| | - Kerstin Rhiem
- Center of Familial Breast and Ovarian Cancer, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne 50937, Germany
| | - William D Foulkes
- McGill Program in Cancer Genetics, Departments of Oncology and Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Talia Boshari
- McGill Program in Cancer Genetics, Departments of Oncology and Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Rosemarie Davidson
- Duncan Guthrie Institute of Medical Genetics, Yorkhill NHS Trust, Glasgow G38SJ, UK
| | - Marielle Ruijs
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam 1066 CX, The Netherlands
| | | | - Lesley Andrews
- Hereditary Cancer Clinic, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia
| | - Lisa Walker
- Churchill Hospital, Headington, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Katie Snape
- St George’s Hospital, Tooting, London SW17 0QT, UK
| | - Alex Henderson
- Northern Genetics Service, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals, Newcastle NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Irene Jobson
- Northern Genetics Service, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals, Newcastle NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Geoffrey J Lindeman
- Parkville Familial Cancer Centre, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Grattan St, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia
- Stem Cells and Cancer Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia
| | - Annelie Liljegren
- Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institutet, Solna 171 77, Sweden
| | - Marion Harris
- Familial Cancer Centre, Monash Health, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Muriel A Adank
- VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Judy Kirk
- Familial Cancer Service, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
- Centre for Cancer Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, Sydney, NSW 2155, Australia
| | - Amy Taylor
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Rachel Susman
- Genetic Health Queensland, Royal Brisbane & Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD 4029, Australia
| | | | - Nicholas Pachter
- Genetic Services of WA, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Subiaco, WA 6008, Australia
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Allan Spigelman
- Hunter Family Cancer Service, Waratah, NSW 2298, Australia
- University of New South Wales, St Vincent’s Clinical School, NSW 2052, Australia
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Lucy Side
- NE Thames Regional Genetics Service, Great Ormond St Hospital & UCL Institute of Women’s Health, London WC1N 3JH, UK
| | | | | | - Carole Brewer
- Peninsular Genetics, Derriford Hospital, Plymouth PL6 8DH, UK
- Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Neus Gadea
- High Risk and Cancer Prevention Clinic, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona 08035, Spain
| | - Angela F Brady
- North West Thames Regional Genetics Service, London North West Healthcare NHS Trust, London HA1 3UJ, UK
| | | | - Theo van Os
- Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Julian Barwell
- University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
- University Hospitals Leicester, Leicester LE1 5WW, UK
| | - Paul A James
- Parkville Familial Cancer Centre, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
- Genetic Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3050, Australia
| | - Declan Murphy
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Eitan Friedman
- Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer 52621, Israel
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | | | - Lynn Greenhalgh
- Cheshire and Mersey Clinical Genetics Service, Liverpool Women’s Hospital, Liverpool L8 7SS, UK
| | - Elias Obeid
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Vedang Murthy
- Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400012, India
| | - Lucia Copakova
- National Cancer Institute, Bratislava 83310, Slovak Republic
| | - John McGrath
- Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Soo-Hwang Teo
- Cancer Research Initiatives Foundation, Subang Jaya Medical Centre, Subang Jaya, Selangor 47500, Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Sara Strom
- The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Karin Kast
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01069, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Dresden 01307, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | | | - Anthony Chamberlain
- The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Jenny Pope
- The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Anna C Newlin
- Center for Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL 60201, USA
| | - Neil Aaronson
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam 1066 CX, The Netherlands
| | | | - Chris Bangma
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015 CE, The Netherlands
| | - Elena Castro
- Prostate Cancer Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - David Dearnaley
- The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, UK
- Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Fulham Rd, London SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - Jorunn Eyfjord
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik 101, Iceland
| | - Alison Falconer
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, London W2 1NY, UK
| | | | | | - Freddie C Hamdy
- Churchill Hospital, Headington, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 2JD, UK
| | - Oskar Johannsson
- Landspitali—the National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik 101, Iceland
| | - Vincent Khoo
- Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Fulham Rd, London SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - Jan Lubinski
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin 70-204, Poland
| | | | - Joanne McKinley
- Parkville Familial Cancer Centre, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Kylie Shackleton
- Parkville Familial Cancer Centre, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Grattan St, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia
| | - Anita V Mitra
- University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London NW1 2BU, UK
| | - Clare Moynihan
- The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Gad Rennert
- CHS National Cancer Control Center, Carmel Medical Center, Haifa 3436212, Israel
| | - Mohnish Suri
- Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK
| | - Karen Tricker
- Genomic Medicine, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, University of Manchester, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
| | - The IMPACT study collaborators91
- The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, UK
- The John and Carol Walter Center for Urological Health, Department of Surgery, North Shore University Health System, Evanston, IL 60201, USA
- Center for Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL 60201, USA
- Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Fulham Rd, London SW3 6JJ, UK
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Genomic Medicine, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, University of Manchester, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo 0372, Norway
- Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog 1478, Norway
- Parkville Familial Cancer Centre, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
- Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, Princess Anne Hospital, Southampton SO16 5YA, UK
- Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Vejle Hospital, Vejle 7100, Denmark
- Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden, ZA 2333, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Foundation for the Detection of Hereditary Tumors, Leiden, ZA 2333, The Netherlands
- Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, GA 6525, The Netherlands
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin 70-204, Poland
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Birmingham Women's Hospital, Birmingham B15 2TG, UK
- Department of Urology, Repatriation General Hospital, Daw Park, SA 5041, Australia
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO-IDIBELL, CIBERONC), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona 08908, Spain
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015 CE, The Netherlands
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen 9713 GZ, The Netherlands
- Sheffield Clinical Genetics Service, Sheffield Children's Hospital, Sheffield S10 2TH, UK
- Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield S10 2JF, UK
- Huntsman Cancer Institute at the University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84103, USA
- Basser Research Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, CX, The Netherlands
- Genetics Department and Research Center, Portuguese Oncology Institute, Porto 4200-072, Portugal
- Biomedical Sciences Institute (ICBAS), Porto University, Porto 4200-072, Portugal
- South East Thames Genetics Service, Guy’s Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
- Center of Familial Breast and Ovarian Cancer, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne 50937, Germany
- McGill Program in Cancer Genetics, Departments of Oncology and Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
- Duncan Guthrie Institute of Medical Genetics, Yorkhill NHS Trust, Glasgow G38SJ, UK
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam 1066 CX, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, HX 6229, The Netherlands
- Hereditary Cancer Clinic, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia
- Churchill Hospital, Headington, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
- St George’s Hospital, Tooting, London SW17 0QT, UK
- Northern Genetics Service, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals, Newcastle NE1 3BZ, UK
- Parkville Familial Cancer Centre, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Grattan St, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia
- Stem Cells and Cancer Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia
- Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institutet, Solna 171 77, Sweden
- Familial Cancer Centre, Monash Health, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
- VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands
- Familial Cancer Service, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
- Centre for Cancer Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, Sydney, NSW 2155, Australia
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
- Genetic Health Queensland, Royal Brisbane & Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD 4029, Australia
- The Genetic Institute, Kaplan Medical Center, Rehovot 76100, Israel
- Genetic Services of WA, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Subiaco, WA 6008, Australia
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
- Hunter Family Cancer Service, Waratah, NSW 2298, Australia
- University of New South Wales, St Vincent’s Clinical School, NSW 2052, Australia
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- NE Thames Regional Genetics Service, Great Ormond St Hospital & UCL Institute of Women’s Health, London WC1N 3JH, UK
- Institute of Oncology, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
- Hospital de Sant Pau, Barcelona 08041, Spain
- Peninsular Genetics, Derriford Hospital, Plymouth PL6 8DH, UK
- Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
- High Risk and Cancer Prevention Clinic, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona 08035, Spain
- North West Thames Regional Genetics Service, London North West Healthcare NHS Trust, London HA1 3UJ, UK
- St James’ Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
- Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
- St Michael’s Hospital, Bristol BS2 8EG, UK
- Landspitali—the National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik 101, Iceland
- University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
- University Hospitals Leicester, Leicester LE1 5WW, UK
- Genetic Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3050, Australia
- Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer 52621, Israel
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano 20133, Italy
- Cheshire and Mersey Clinical Genetics Service, Liverpool Women’s Hospital, Liverpool L8 7SS, UK
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
- Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400012, India
- National Cancer Institute, Bratislava 83310, Slovak Republic
- Cancer Research Initiatives Foundation, Subang Jaya Medical Centre, Subang Jaya, Selangor 47500, Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
- The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01069, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Dresden 01307, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
- Prostate Cancer Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid 28029, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik 101, Iceland
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, London W2 1NY, UK
- HCA Healthcare Laboratories, London WC1E 6JA, UK
- University Hospital, Umea 907 37, Sweden
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 2JD, UK
- University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London NW1 2BU, UK
- CHS National Cancer Control Center, Carmel Medical Center, Haifa 3436212, Israel
- Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK
- The IMPACT Study Collaborators List see Appendix 1
- Centre for Cancer Prevention, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine, Surgery, and Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö 205 02, Sweden
| | - Sue Moss
- Centre for Cancer Prevention, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ
| | - Zsofia Kote-Jarai
- The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Andrew Vickers
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Hans Lilja
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 2JD, UK
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine, Surgery, and Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Brian T Helfand
- The John and Carol Walter Center for Urological Health, Department of Surgery, North Shore University Health System, Evanston, IL 60201, USA
| | - Rosalind A Eeles
- The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, UK
- Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Fulham Rd, London SW3 6JJ, UK
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van der Tuin K, Tops CMJ, Adank MA, Cobben JM, Hamdy NAT, Jongmans MC, Menko FH, van Nesselrooij BPM, Netea-Maier RT, Oosterwijk JC, Valk GD, Wolffenbuttel BHR, Hes FJ, Morreau H. CDC73-Related Disorders: Clinical Manifestations and Case Detection in Primary Hyperparathyroidism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2017; 102:4534-4540. [PMID: 29040582 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2017-01249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Heterozygous pathogenic germline variants in CDC73 predispose to the development of primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT) and, less frequently, ossifying fibroma of the jaw and renal and uterine tumors. Clinical information on CDC73-related disorders has so far been limited to small case series. OBJECTIVE To assess the clinical manifestations and penetrance in CDC73-related disorders and to improve case detection in pHPT. DESIGN Nationwide retrospective Dutch cohort study. SETTING Tertiary referral center. PATIENTS We studied 89 patients with pHPT referred for germline CDC73 analysis and 43 subsequently tested relatives who proved to be mutation carriers. INVESTIGATION Germline CDC73 mutation analysis. MEAN OUTCOME CDC73 mutation detection yield, referral rate, and CDC73-related disease penetrance. RESULTS Pathogenic germline CDC73 variants were identified in 11 of the 89 referred pHPT patients (12.4%), with (suspected) hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumor (HPT-JT) syndrome (n = 3), familial isolated pHPT (n = 5), apparently sporadic parathyroid carcinoma (n = 2), and apparently sporadic parathyroid adenoma (n = 1). The estimated penetrance of CDC73-related disorders was 65% at age 50 years (95% confidence interval, 48% to 82%) in 43 nonindex mutation carriers. CONCLUSIONS Germline CDC73 analysis is recommended in individuals with (suspected) HPT-JT syndrome, familial isolated pHPT, atypical or malignant parathyroid histology, and young individuals with pHPT. These criteria would increase germline CDC73 mutation detection, enabling optimal clinical management of pHPT as well as genetic counseling and surveillance for family members at risk for developing CDC73-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin van der Tuin
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | - Carli M J Tops
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Laboratory for Diagnostic Genetic Analysis, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | - Muriel A Adank
- Department of Clinical Genetics, VU Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | | | - Neveen A T Hamdy
- Center for Endocrine Tumors Leiden, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | - Marjolijn C Jongmans
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, the Netherlands
- Department of Medical Genetics, Utrecht University Medical Center, the Netherlands
- Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, the Netherlands
| | - Fred H Menko
- Family Cancer Clinic, Netherlands Cancer Institute, the Netherlands
| | | | - Romana T Netea-Maier
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | - Jan C Oosterwijk
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Gerlof D Valk
- Department of Endocrine Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Frederik J Hes
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | - Hans Morreau
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands
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29
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Michailidou K, Lindström S, Dennis J, Beesley J, Hui S, Kar S, Lemaçon A, Soucy P, Glubb D, Rostamianfar A, Bolla MK, Wang Q, Tyrer J, Dicks E, Lee A, Wang Z, Allen J, Keeman R, Eilber U, French JD, Qing Chen X, Fachal L, McCue K, McCart Reed AE, Ghoussaini M, Carroll JS, Jiang X, Finucane H, Adams M, Adank MA, Ahsan H, Aittomäki K, Anton-Culver H, Antonenkova NN, Arndt V, Aronson KJ, Arun B, Auer PL, Bacot F, Barrdahl M, Baynes C, Beckmann MW, Behrens S, Benitez J, Bermisheva M, Bernstein L, Blomqvist C, Bogdanova NV, Bojesen SE, Bonanni B, Børresen-Dale AL, Brand JS, Brauch H, Brennan P, Brenner H, Brinton L, Broberg P, Brock IW, Broeks A, Brooks-Wilson A, Brucker SY, Brüning T, Burwinkel B, Butterbach K, Cai Q, Cai H, Caldés T, Canzian F, Carracedo A, Carter BD, Castelao JE, Chan TL, David Cheng TY, Seng Chia K, Choi JY, Christiansen H, Clarke CL, Collée M, Conroy DM, Cordina-Duverger E, Cornelissen S, Cox DG, Cox A, Cross SS, Cunningham JM, Czene K, Daly MB, Devilee P, Doheny KF, Dörk T, Dos-Santos-Silva I, Dumont M, Durcan L, Dwek M, Eccles DM, Ekici AB, Eliassen AH, Ellberg C, Elvira M, Engel C, Eriksson M, Fasching PA, Figueroa J, Flesch-Janys D, Fletcher O, Flyger H, Fritschi L, Gaborieau V, Gabrielson M, Gago-Dominguez M, Gao YT, Gapstur SM, García-Sáenz JA, Gaudet MM, Georgoulias V, Giles GG, Glendon G, Goldberg MS, Goldgar DE, González-Neira A, Grenaker Alnæs GI, Grip M, Gronwald J, Grundy A, Guénel P, Haeberle L, Hahnen E, Haiman CA, Håkansson N, Hamann U, Hamel N, Hankinson S, Harrington P, Hart SN, Hartikainen JM, Hartman M, Hein A, Heyworth J, Hicks B, Hillemanns P, Ho DN, Hollestelle A, Hooning MJ, Hoover RN, Hopper JL, Hou MF, Hsiung CN, Huang G, Humphreys K, Ishiguro J, Ito H, Iwasaki M, Iwata H, Jakubowska A, Janni W, John EM, Johnson N, Jones K, Jones M, Jukkola-Vuorinen A, Kaaks R, Kabisch M, Kaczmarek K, Kang D, Kasuga Y, Kerin MJ, Khan S, Khusnutdinova E, Kiiski JI, Kim SW, Knight JA, Kosma VM, Kristensen VN, Krüger U, Kwong A, Lambrechts D, Le Marchand L, Lee E, Lee MH, Lee JW, Neng Lee C, Lejbkowicz F, Li J, Lilyquist J, Lindblom A, Lissowska J, Lo WY, Loibl S, Long J, Lophatananon A, Lubinski J, Luccarini C, Lux MP, Ma ESK, MacInnis RJ, Maishman T, Makalic E, Malone KE, Kostovska IM, Mannermaa A, Manoukian S, Manson JE, Margolin S, Mariapun S, Martinez ME, Matsuo K, Mavroudis D, McKay J, McLean C, Meijers-Heijboer H, Meindl A, Menéndez P, Menon U, Meyer J, Miao H, Miller N, Taib NAM, Muir K, Mulligan AM, Mulot C, Neuhausen SL, Nevanlinna H, Neven P, Nielsen SF, Noh DY, Nordestgaard BG, Norman A, Olopade OI, Olson JE, Olsson H, Olswold C, Orr N, Pankratz VS, Park SK, Park-Simon TW, Lloyd R, Perez JIA, Peterlongo P, Peto J, Phillips KA, Pinchev M, Plaseska-Karanfilska D, Prentice R, Presneau N, Prokofyeva D, Pugh E, Pylkäs K, Rack B, Radice P, Rahman N, Rennert G, Rennert HS, Rhenius V, Romero A, Romm J, Ruddy KJ, Rüdiger T, Rudolph A, Ruebner M, Rutgers EJT, Saloustros E, Sandler DP, Sangrajrang S, Sawyer EJ, Schmidt DF, Schmutzler RK, Schneeweiss A, Schoemaker MJ, Schumacher F, Schürmann P, Scott RJ, Scott C, Seal S, Seynaeve C, Shah M, Sharma P, Shen CY, Sheng G, Sherman ME, Shrubsole MJ, Shu XO, Smeets A, Sohn C, Southey MC, Spinelli JJ, Stegmaier C, Stewart-Brown S, Stone J, Stram DO, Surowy H, Swerdlow A, Tamimi R, Taylor JA, Tengström M, Teo SH, Beth Terry M, Tessier DC, Thanasitthichai S, Thöne K, Tollenaar RAEM, Tomlinson I, Tong L, Torres D, Truong T, Tseng CC, Tsugane S, Ulmer HU, Ursin G, Untch M, Vachon C, van Asperen CJ, Van Den Berg D, van den Ouweland AMW, van der Kolk L, van der Luijt RB, Vincent D, Vollenweider J, Waisfisz Q, Wang-Gohrke S, Weinberg CR, Wendt C, Whittemore AS, Wildiers H, Willett W, Winqvist R, Wolk A, Wu AH, Xia L, Yamaji T, Yang XR, Har Yip C, Yoo KY, Yu JC, Zheng W, Zheng Y, Zhu B, Ziogas A, Ziv E, Lakhani SR, Antoniou AC, Droit A, Andrulis IL, Amos CI, Couch FJ, Pharoah PDP, Chang-Claude J, Hall P, Hunter DJ, Milne RL, García-Closas M, Schmidt MK, Chanock SJ, Dunning AM, Edwards SL, Bader GD, Chenevix-Trench G, Simard J, Kraft P, Easton DF. Association analysis identifies 65 new breast cancer risk loci. Nature 2017; 551:92-94. [PMID: 29059683 PMCID: PMC5798588 DOI: 10.1038/nature24284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 809] [Impact Index Per Article: 115.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer risk is influenced by rare coding variants in susceptibility genes, such as BRCA1, and many common, mostly non-coding variants. However, much of the genetic contribution to breast cancer risk remains unknown. Here we report the results of a genome-wide association study of breast cancer in 122,977 cases and 105,974 controls of European ancestry and 14,068 cases and 13,104 controls of East Asian ancestry. We identified 65 new loci that are associated with overall breast cancer risk at P < 5 × 10-8. The majority of credible risk single-nucleotide polymorphisms in these loci fall in distal regulatory elements, and by integrating in silico data to predict target genes in breast cells at each locus, we demonstrate a strong overlap between candidate target genes and somatic driver genes in breast tumours. We also find that heritability of breast cancer due to all single-nucleotide polymorphisms in regulatory features was 2-5-fold enriched relative to the genome-wide average, with strong enrichment for particular transcription factor binding sites. These results provide further insight into genetic susceptibility to breast cancer and will improve the use of genetic risk scores for individualized screening and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyriaki Michailidou
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Electron Microscopy/Molecular Pathology, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Sara Lindström
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joe Dennis
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jonathan Beesley
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Shirley Hui
- The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Siddhartha Kar
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Audrey Lemaçon
- Genomics Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec Research Center, Laval University, Québec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Penny Soucy
- Genomics Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec Research Center, Laval University, Québec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Dylan Glubb
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Asha Rostamianfar
- The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Manjeet K Bolla
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Qin Wang
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jonathan Tyrer
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ed Dicks
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andrew Lee
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Zhaoming Wang
- Department of Computational Biology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory (CGR), Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Jamie Allen
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Renske Keeman
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ursula Eilber
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Juliet D French
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Xiao Qing Chen
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Laura Fachal
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Karen McCue
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Amy E McCart Reed
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Maya Ghoussaini
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jason S Carroll
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Xia Jiang
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hilary Finucane
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Mathematics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Marcia Adams
- Center for Inherited Disease Research (CIDR), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Muriel A Adank
- Department of Clinical Genetics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Habibul Ahsan
- Center for Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Kristiina Aittomäki
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hoda Anton-Culver
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Natalia N Antonenkova
- N. N. Alexandrov Research Institute of Oncology and Medical Radiology, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Volker Arndt
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kristan J Aronson
- Department of Public Health Sciences, and Cancer Research Institute, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Banu Arun
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Paul L Auer
- Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Zilber School of Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - François Bacot
- McGill University and Génome Québec Innovation Centre, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Myrto Barrdahl
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Caroline Baynes
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Matthias W Beckmann
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sabine Behrens
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Javier Benitez
- Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Valencia, Spain
| | - Marina Bermisheva
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russia
| | - Leslie Bernstein
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Carl Blomqvist
- Department of Oncology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Natalia V Bogdanova
- N. N. Alexandrov Research Institute of Oncology and Medical Radiology, Minsk, Belarus
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Stig E Bojesen
- Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bernardo Bonanni
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Milan, Italy
| | - Anne-Lise Børresen-Dale
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Judith S Brand
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hiltrud Brauch
- Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
- University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Paul Brennan
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Louise Brinton
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Per Broberg
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ian W Brock
- Sheffield Institute for Nucleic Acids (SInFoNiA), Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Annegien Broeks
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Angela Brooks-Wilson
- Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sara Y Brucker
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Brüning
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Barbara Burwinkel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Molecular Epidemiology Group, C080, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katja Butterbach
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Qiuyin Cai
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Hui Cai
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Trinidad Caldés
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, IdISSC (Centro Investigacion Biomedica en Red), CIBERONC (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos), Madrid, Spain
| | - Federico Canzian
- Genomic Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Angel Carracedo
- Genomic Medicine Group, Galician Foundation of Genomic Medicine, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago, SERGAS, Santiago De Compostela, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) y Centro Nacional de Genotipado (CEGEN-PRB2), Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago De Compostela, Spain
| | - Brian D Carter
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jose E Castelao
- Oncology and Genetics Unit, Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica (IBI) Orense-Pontevedra-Vigo, Xerencia de Xestion Integrada de Vigo-SERGAS, Vigo, Spain
| | - Tsun L Chan
- Hong Kong Hereditary Breast Cancer Family Registry, Happy Valley, Hong Kong
- Department of Pathology, Hong Kong Sanatorium and Hospital, Happy Valley, Hong Kong
| | - Ting-Yuan David Cheng
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Kee Seng Chia
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ji-Yeob Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, South Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hans Christiansen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christine L Clarke
- Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Margriet Collée
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Don M Conroy
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Emilie Cordina-Duverger
- Cancer & Environment Group, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), INSERM, University Paris-Sud, University Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Sten Cornelissen
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - David G Cox
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- INSERM U1052, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Angela Cox
- Sheffield Institute for Nucleic Acids (SInFoNiA), Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Simon S Cross
- Academic Unit of Pathology, Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Julie M Cunningham
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Kamila Czene
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mary B Daly
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Peter Devilee
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Kimberly F Doheny
- Center for Inherited Disease Research (CIDR), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Thilo Dörk
- Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Isabel Dos-Santos-Silva
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Martine Dumont
- Genomics Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec Research Center, Laval University, Québec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Lorraine Durcan
- Southampton Clinical Trials Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Cancer Sciences Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Miriam Dwek
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Westminster, London, UK
| | - Diana M Eccles
- Cancer Sciences Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Arif B Ekici
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
| | - A Heather Eliassen
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Carolina Ellberg
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Mingajeva Elvira
- Department of Genetics and Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State University, Ufa, Russia
| | - Christoph Engel
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- LIFE-Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mikael Eriksson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter A Fasching
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jonine Figueroa
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
- Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, The University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Dieter Flesch-Janys
- Institute for Medical Biometrics and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Clinical Cancer Registry, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Olivia Fletcher
- Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Henrik Flyger
- Department of Breast Surgery, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Lin Fritschi
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | | | - Marike Gabrielson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Manuela Gago-Dominguez
- Genomic Medicine Group, Galician Foundation of Genomic Medicine, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago, SERGAS, Santiago De Compostela, Spain
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Yu-Tang Gao
- Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Susan M Gapstur
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - José A García-Sáenz
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, IdISSC (Centro Investigacion Biomedica en Red), CIBERONC (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mia M Gaudet
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Graham G Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology and Intelligence Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Gord Glendon
- Fred A. Litwin Center for Cancer Genetics, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark S Goldberg
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Royal Victoria Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - David E Goldgar
- Department of Dermatology, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Anna González-Neira
- Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Grethe I Grenaker Alnæs
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mervi Grip
- Department of Surgery, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jacek Gronwald
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Anne Grundy
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de Université de Montréal (CHUM), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Pascal Guénel
- Cancer & Environment Group, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), INSERM, University Paris-Sud, University Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Lothar Haeberle
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Eric Hahnen
- Center for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christopher A Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Niclas Håkansson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ute Hamann
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nathalie Hamel
- McGill University and Génome Québec Innovation Centre, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Susan Hankinson
- Department of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Patricia Harrington
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Steven N Hart
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jaana M Hartikainen
- Translational Cancer Research Area, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Imaging Center, Department of Clinical Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mikael Hartman
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Surgery, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Alexander Hein
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jane Heyworth
- School of Population Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Belynda Hicks
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory (CGR), Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Peter Hillemanns
- Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Dona N Ho
- Department of Pathology, Hong Kong Sanatorium and Hospital, Happy Valley, Hong Kong
| | - Antoinette Hollestelle
- Department of Medical Oncology, Family Cancer Clinic, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maartje J Hooning
- Department of Medical Oncology, Family Cancer Clinic, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robert N Hoover
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - John L Hopper
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ming-Feng Hou
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ni Hsiung
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Guanmengqian Huang
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Keith Humphreys
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Junko Ishiguro
- Division of Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Epidemiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hidemi Ito
- Division of Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Epidemiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Motoki Iwasaki
- Division of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroji Iwata
- Department of Breast Oncology, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Anna Jakubowska
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Wolfgang Janni
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Esther M John
- Department of Epidemiology, Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, California, USA
- Department of Health Research and Policy-Epidemiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Nichola Johnson
- Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Kristine Jones
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory (CGR), Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Michael Jones
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | | | - Rudolf Kaaks
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maria Kabisch
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katarzyna Kaczmarek
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Daehee Kang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, South Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yoshio Kasuga
- Department of Surgery, Nagano Matsushiro General Hospital, Nagano, Japan
| | - Michael J Kerin
- School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Sofia Khan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elza Khusnutdinova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russia
- Department of Genetics and Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State University, Ufa, Russia
| | - Johanna I Kiiski
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sung-Won Kim
- Department of Surgery, Daerim Saint Mary's Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Julia A Knight
- Prosserman Centre for Health Research, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Epidemiology, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Veli-Matti Kosma
- Translational Cancer Research Area, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Imaging Center, Department of Clinical Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Vessela N Kristensen
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ute Krüger
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ava Kwong
- Hong Kong Hereditary Breast Cancer Family Registry, Happy Valley, Hong Kong
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
- Department of Surgery, Hong Kong Sanatorium and Hospital, Happy Valley, Hong Kong
| | - Diether Lambrechts
- Vesalius Research Center, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Eunjung Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Min Hyuk Lee
- Department of Surgery, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine and Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong Won Lee
- Department of Surgery, University of Ulsan College of Medicine and Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chuen Neng Lee
- Department of Surgery, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Flavio Lejbkowicz
- Clalit National Cancer Control Center, Carmel Medical Center and Technion Faculty of Medicine, Haifa, Israel
| | - Jingmei Li
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jenna Lilyquist
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Annika Lindblom
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jolanta Lissowska
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, M. Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center & Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wing-Yee Lo
- Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
- University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Jirong Long
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Artitaya Lophatananon
- Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, Warwick University, Coventry, UK
- Institute of Population Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Jan Lubinski
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Craig Luccarini
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Michael P Lux
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Edmond S K Ma
- Hong Kong Hereditary Breast Cancer Family Registry, Happy Valley, Hong Kong
- Department of Pathology, Hong Kong Sanatorium and Hospital, Happy Valley, Hong Kong
| | - Robert J MacInnis
- Cancer Epidemiology and Intelligence Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Tom Maishman
- Southampton Clinical Trials Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Cancer Sciences Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Enes Makalic
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kathleen E Malone
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Epidemiology Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Ivana Maleva Kostovska
- Research Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology "Georgi D. Efremov", Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Arto Mannermaa
- Translational Cancer Research Area, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Imaging Center, Department of Clinical Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Siranoush Manoukian
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS (Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico) Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori (INT), Milan, Italy
| | - JoAnn E Manson
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sara Margolin
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Maria Elena Martinez
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Keitaro Matsuo
- Department of Epidemiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Dimitrios Mavroudis
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion, Greece
| | - James McKay
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Catriona McLean
- Anatomical Pathology, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Hanne Meijers-Heijboer
- Department of Clinical Genetics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alfons Meindl
- Division of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Usha Menon
- Gynaecological Cancer Research Centre, Department of Women's Cancer, Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jeffery Meyer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Hui Miao
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nicola Miller
- School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Nur Aishah Mohd Taib
- Breast Cancer Research Unit, Cancer Research Institute, University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kenneth Muir
- Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, Warwick University, Coventry, UK
- Institute of Population Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Anna Marie Mulligan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Claire Mulot
- Université Paris Sorbonne Cité, INSERM UMR-S1147, Paris, France
| | - Susan L Neuhausen
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Heli Nevanlinna
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Patrick Neven
- Leuven Multidisciplinary Breast Center, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sune F Nielsen
- Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Dong-Young Noh
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Børge G Nordestgaard
- Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Aaron Norman
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Olufunmilayo I Olopade
- Center for Clinical Cancer Genetics and Global Health, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Janet E Olson
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Håkan Olsson
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Curtis Olswold
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Nick Orr
- Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - V Shane Pankratz
- University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Sue K Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, South Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Rachel Lloyd
- The Curtin UWA Centre for Genetic Origins of Health and Disease, Curtin University and University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Jose I A Perez
- Servicio de Cirugía General y Especialidades, Hospital Monte Naranco, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Paolo Peterlongo
- IFOM, The FIRC (Italian Foundation for Cancer Research) Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Julian Peto
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Kelly-Anne Phillips
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, Melbourne, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Australia
| | - Mila Pinchev
- Clalit National Cancer Control Center, Carmel Medical Center and Technion Faculty of Medicine, Haifa, Israel
| | - Dijana Plaseska-Karanfilska
- Research Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology "Georgi D. Efremov", Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Ross Prentice
- Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Nadege Presneau
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Westminster, London, UK
| | - Darya Prokofyeva
- Department of Genetics and Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State University, Ufa, Russia
| | - Elizabeth Pugh
- Center for Inherited Disease Research (CIDR), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Katri Pylkäs
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Northern Finland Laboratory Centre Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Brigitte Rack
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Paolo Radice
- Unit of Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk and Genetic Testing, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS (Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico) Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori (INT), Milan, Italy
| | - Nazneen Rahman
- Section of Cancer Genetics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Gadi Rennert
- Clalit National Cancer Control Center, Carmel Medical Center and Technion Faculty of Medicine, Haifa, Israel
| | - Hedy S Rennert
- Clalit National Cancer Control Center, Carmel Medical Center and Technion Faculty of Medicine, Haifa, Israel
| | - Valerie Rhenius
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Atocha Romero
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, IdISSC (Centro Investigacion Biomedica en Red), CIBERONC (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos), Madrid, Spain
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jane Romm
- Center for Inherited Disease Research (CIDR), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kathryn J Ruddy
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Thomas Rüdiger
- Institute of Pathology, Staedtisches Klinikum Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Anja Rudolph
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Ruebner
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Emiel J T Rutgers
- Department of Surgery, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Dale P Sandler
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Elinor J Sawyer
- Research Oncology, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Daniel F Schmidt
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Rita K Schmutzler
- Center for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Andreas Schneeweiss
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Minouk J Schoemaker
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Fredrick Schumacher
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Peter Schürmann
- Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Rodney J Scott
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Pathology North, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, Australia
- Discipline of Medical Genetics, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Christopher Scott
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Sheila Seal
- Section of Cancer Genetics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Caroline Seynaeve
- Department of Medical Oncology, Family Cancer Clinic, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mitul Shah
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Priyanka Sharma
- Department of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Chen-Yang Shen
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Taiwan Biobank, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Grace Sheng
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Mark E Sherman
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Martha J Shrubsole
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ann Smeets
- Leuven Multidisciplinary Breast Center, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christof Sohn
- National Center for Tumor Diseases, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Melissa C Southey
- Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - John J Spinelli
- Cancer Control Research, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Sarah Stewart-Brown
- Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, Warwick University, Coventry, UK
| | - Jennifer Stone
- The Curtin UWA Centre for Genetic Origins of Health and Disease, Curtin University and University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne and the Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Daniel O Stram
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Harald Surowy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Molecular Epidemiology Group, C080, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anthony Swerdlow
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Division of Breast Cancer Research, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Rulla Tamimi
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jack A Taylor
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
- Epigenetic and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Maria Tengström
- Translational Cancer Research Area, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Cancer Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oncology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Soo H Teo
- Cancer Research Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
- Breast Cancer Research Unit, Cancer Research Institute, University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mary Beth Terry
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Daniel C Tessier
- McGill University and Génome Québec Innovation Centre, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Kathrin Thöne
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Clinical Cancer Registry, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rob A E M Tollenaar
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ian Tomlinson
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics and Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ling Tong
- Center for Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Diana Torres
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Thérèse Truong
- Cancer & Environment Group, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), INSERM, University Paris-Sud, University Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Chiu-Chen Tseng
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Shoichiro Tsugane
- Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Giske Ursin
- Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Michael Untch
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Helios Clinics Berlin-Buch, Berlin, Germany
| | - Celine Vachon
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Christi J van Asperen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - David Van Den Berg
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Lizet van der Kolk
- Family Cancer Clinic, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rob B van der Luijt
- Division of Biomedical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel Vincent
- McGill University and Génome Québec Innovation Centre, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jason Vollenweider
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Quinten Waisfisz
- Department of Clinical Genetics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Shan Wang-Gohrke
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Clarice R Weinberg
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Camilla Wendt
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alice S Whittemore
- Department of Health Research and Policy-Epidemiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Hans Wildiers
- Leuven Multidisciplinary Breast Center, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Walter Willett
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Robert Winqvist
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Northern Finland Laboratory Centre Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Alicja Wolk
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna H Wu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Lucy Xia
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Taiki Yamaji
- Division of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Xiaohong R Yang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Cheng Har Yip
- Subang Jaya Medical Centre, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Keun-Young Yoo
- Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Armed Forces Capital Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Jyh-Cherng Yu
- Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ying Zheng
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Zhu
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory (CGR), Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Argyrios Ziogas
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Elad Ziv
- Department of Medicine, Institute for Human Genetics, UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Sunil R Lakhani
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Pathology Queensland, The Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane 4029, Australia
| | - Antonis C Antoniou
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Arnaud Droit
- Genomics Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec Research Center, Laval University, Québec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Irene L Andrulis
- Fred A. Litwin Center for Cancer Genetics, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christopher I Amos
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Fergus J Couch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Paul D P Pharoah
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Per Hall
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Oncology, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - David J Hunter
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Roger L Milne
- Cancer Epidemiology and Intelligence Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Montserrat García-Closas
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Marjanka K Schmidt
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Division of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stephen J Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Alison M Dunning
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stacey L Edwards
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Gary D Bader
- The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Georgia Chenevix-Trench
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jacques Simard
- Genomics Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec Research Center, Laval University, Québec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Peter Kraft
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Douglas F Easton
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Kuchenbaecker KB, Hopper JL, Barnes DR, Phillips KA, Mooij TM, Roos-Blom MJ, Jervis S, van Leeuwen FE, Milne RL, Andrieu N, Goldgar DE, Terry MB, Rookus MA, Easton DF, Antoniou AC, McGuffog L, Evans DG, Barrowdale D, Frost D, Adlard J, Ong KR, Izatt L, Tischkowitz M, Eeles R, Davidson R, Hodgson S, Ellis S, Nogues C, Lasset C, Stoppa-Lyonnet D, Fricker JP, Faivre L, Berthet P, Hooning MJ, van der Kolk LE, Kets CM, Adank MA, John EM, Chung WK, Andrulis IL, Southey M, Daly MB, Buys SS, Osorio A, Engel C, Kast K, Schmutzler RK, Caldes T, Jakubowska A, Simard J, Friedlander ML, McLachlan SA, Machackova E, Foretova L, Tan YY, Singer CF, Olah E, Gerdes AM, Arver B, Olsson H. Risks of Breast, Ovarian, and Contralateral Breast Cancer for BRCA1 and BRCA2 Mutation Carriers. JAMA 2017; 317:2402-2416. [PMID: 28632866 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2017.7112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1527] [Impact Index Per Article: 218.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Importance The clinical management of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers requires accurate, prospective cancer risk estimates. Objectives To estimate age-specific risks of breast, ovarian, and contralateral breast cancer for mutation carriers and to evaluate risk modification by family cancer history and mutation location. Design, Setting, and Participants Prospective cohort study of 6036 BRCA1 and 3820 BRCA2 female carriers (5046 unaffected and 4810 with breast or ovarian cancer or both at baseline) recruited in 1997-2011 through the International BRCA1/2 Carrier Cohort Study, the Breast Cancer Family Registry and the Kathleen Cuningham Foundation Consortium for Research into Familial Breast Cancer, with ascertainment through family clinics (94%) and population-based studies (6%). The majority were from large national studies in the United Kingdom (EMBRACE), the Netherlands (HEBON), and France (GENEPSO). Follow-up ended December 2013; median follow-up was 5 years. Exposures BRCA1/2 mutations, family cancer history, and mutation location. Main Outcomes and Measures Annual incidences, standardized incidence ratios, and cumulative risks of breast, ovarian, and contralateral breast cancer. Results Among 3886 women (median age, 38 years; interquartile range [IQR], 30-46 years) eligible for the breast cancer analysis, 5066 women (median age, 38 years; IQR, 31-47 years) eligible for the ovarian cancer analysis, and 2213 women (median age, 47 years; IQR, 40-55 years) eligible for the contralateral breast cancer analysis, 426 were diagnosed with breast cancer, 109 with ovarian cancer, and 245 with contralateral breast cancer during follow-up. The cumulative breast cancer risk to age 80 years was 72% (95% CI, 65%-79%) for BRCA1 and 69% (95% CI, 61%-77%) for BRCA2 carriers. Breast cancer incidences increased rapidly in early adulthood until ages 30 to 40 years for BRCA1 and until ages 40 to 50 years for BRCA2 carriers, then remained at a similar, constant incidence (20-30 per 1000 person-years) until age 80 years. The cumulative ovarian cancer risk to age 80 years was 44% (95% CI, 36%-53%) for BRCA1 and 17% (95% CI, 11%-25%) for BRCA2 carriers. For contralateral breast cancer, the cumulative risk 20 years after breast cancer diagnosis was 40% (95% CI, 35%-45%) for BRCA1 and 26% (95% CI, 20%-33%) for BRCA2 carriers (hazard ratio [HR] for comparing BRCA2 vs BRCA1, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.47-0.82; P=.001 for difference). Breast cancer risk increased with increasing number of first- and second-degree relatives diagnosed as having breast cancer for both BRCA1 (HR for ≥2 vs 0 affected relatives, 1.99; 95% CI, 1.41-2.82; P<.001 for trend) and BRCA2 carriers (HR, 1.91; 95% CI, 1.08-3.37; P=.02 for trend). Breast cancer risk was higher if mutations were located outside vs within the regions bounded by positions c.2282-c.4071 in BRCA1 (HR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.11-1.93; P=.007) and c.2831-c.6401 in BRCA2 (HR, 1.93; 95% CI, 1.36-2.74; P<.001). Conclusions and Relevance These findings provide estimates of cancer risk based on BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carrier status using prospective data collection and demonstrate the potential importance of family history and mutation location in risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karoline B Kuchenbaecker
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England2Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, England
| | - John L Hopper
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Daniel R Barnes
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England
| | - Kelly-Anne Phillips
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia4Division of Cancer Medicine, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia5Department of Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia6Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Thea M Mooij
- Department of Epidemiology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marie-José Roos-Blom
- Department of Epidemiology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands8Department of Medical Informatics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sarah Jervis
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England9Mathematics Institute, University of Warwick, Coventry, England
| | - Flora E van Leeuwen
- Department of Epidemiology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Roger L Milne
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia10Cancer Epidemiology and Intelligence Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nadine Andrieu
- Inserm U900, Paris, France12Institut Curie, Paris, France13Mines ParisTech, Fontainebleau, France14PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - David E Goldgar
- Department of Dermatology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Mary Beth Terry
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Matti A Rookus
- Department of Epidemiology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Douglas F Easton
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England
| | - Antonis C Antoniou
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England
| | - Lesley McGuffog
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England
| | - D Gareth Evans
- Genomic Medicine, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Institute of Human Development, Manchester University, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, England
| | - Daniel Barrowdale
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England
| | - Debra Frost
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England
| | - Julian Adlard
- Yorkshire Regional Genetics Service, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds, England
| | - Kai-Ren Ong
- West Midlands Regional Genetics Service, Birmingham Women's Hospital Healthcare NHS Trust, Birmingham, England
| | - Louise Izatt
- Clinical Genetics, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, England
| | - Marc Tischkowitz
- Department of Medical Genetics and National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England
| | - Ros Eeles
- Oncogenetics Team, Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, England
| | - Rosemarie Davidson
- Department of Clinical Genetics, South Glasgow University Hospitals, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Shirley Hodgson
- Department of Clinical Genetics, St George's, University of London, London, England
| | - Steve Ellis
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England
| | - Catherine Nogues
- Oncogénétique Clinique, Hôpital René Huguenin/Institut Curie, Saint-Cloud, France
| | - Christine Lasset
- Unité de Prévention et d'Epidémiologie Génétique, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Dominique Stoppa-Lyonnet
- Institut Curie, Department of Tumour Biology, Paris, France28Institut Curie, INSERM U830, Paris, France29Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | | | - Laurence Faivre
- Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Georges François Leclerc, Dijon, France32Centre de Génétique, Hôpital d'Enfants, CHU Dijon, Dijon, France
| | | | - Maartje J Hooning
- Department of Medical Oncology, Family Cancer Clinic, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Carolien M Kets
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Muriel A Adank
- Department of Clinical Genetics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Esther M John
- Department of Epidemiology, Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont
| | - Wendy K Chung
- Departments of Pedicatrics and Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Irene L Andrulis
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada41Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Melissa Southey
- Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Mary B Daly
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Saundra S Buys
- Department of Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Ana Osorio
- Human Genetics Group, Spanish National Cancer Centre, Madrid, Spain46Biomedical Network on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Christoph Engel
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany48LIFE-Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Karin Kast
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany50National Center for Tumor Diseases, Partner Site Dresden, Dresden, Germany51German Cancer Consortium, Dresden and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rita K Schmutzler
- Center for Familial Breast and Ovarian Cancer, Center for Integrated Oncology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Trinidad Caldes
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Hospital Clinico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna Jakubowska
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Jacques Simard
- Genomics Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec Research Center and Laval University, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Michael L Friedlander
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia57Department of Medical Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, Australia
| | - Sue-Anne McLachlan
- Division of Cancer Medicine, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia58Department of Medical Oncology, St Vincent's Hospital, Fitzroy, Australia
| | - Eva Machackova
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Foretova
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Yen Y Tan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria61QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Australia
| | - Christian F Singer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Edith Olah
- Department of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anne-Marie Gerdes
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Brita Arver
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Håkan Olsson
- Department of Oncology, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
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Moghadasi S, Grundeken V, Janssen LAM, Dijkstra NH, Rodríguez-Girondo M, van Zelst-Stams WAG, Oosterwijk JC, Ausems MGEM, Oldenburg RA, Adank MA, Blom EW, Ruijs MWG, van Os TAM, van Deurzen CHM, Martens JWM, Schroder CP, Wijnen JT, Vreeswijk MPG, van Asperen CJ. Performance of BRCA1/2 mutation prediction models in male breast cancer patients. Clin Genet 2017; 93:52-59. [PMID: 28589637 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
To establish whether existing mutation prediction models can identify which male breast cancer (MBC) patients should be offered BRCA1 and BRCA2 diagnostic DNA screening, we compared the performance of BOADICEA (Breast and Ovarian Analysis of Disease Incidence and Carrier Estimation Algorithm), BRCAPRO (BRCA probability) and the Myriad prevalence table ("Myriad"). These models were evaluated using the family data of 307 Dutch MBC probands tested for BRCA1/2, 58 (19%) of whom were carriers. We compared the numbers of observed vs predicted carriers and assessed the Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) Curve (AUC) for each model. BOADICEA predicted the total number of BRCA1/2 mutation carriers quite accurately (observed/predicted ratio: 0.94). When a cut-off of 10% and 20% prior probability was used, BRCAPRO showed a non-significant better performance (observed/predicted ratio BOADICEA: 0.81, 95% confidence interval [CI]: [0.60-1.09] and 0.79, 95% CI: [0.57-1.09], vs. BRCAPRO 1.02, 95% CI: [0.75-1.38] and 0.94, 95% CI: [0.68-1.31], respectively). Myriad underestimated the number of carriers in up to 69% of the cases. BRCAPRO showed a non-significant, higher AUC than BOADICEA (0.798 vs 0.776). Myriad showed a significantly lower AUC (0.671). BRCAPRO and BOADICEA can efficiently identify MBC patients as BRCA1/2 mutation carriers. Besides their general applicability, these tools will be of particular value in countries with limited healthcare resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Moghadasi
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - V Grundeken
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - L A M Janssen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - N H Dijkstra
- Dutch Breast Cancer Research Group, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M Rodríguez-Girondo
- Department of Medical Statistics and Bioinformatics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - W A G van Zelst-Stams
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - J C Oosterwijk
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - M G E M Ausems
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - R A Oldenburg
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M A Adank
- Department of Clinical Genetics, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - E W Blom
- Department Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - M W G Ruijs
- Department of Clinical Genetics, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - T A M van Os
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - C H M van Deurzen
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - J W M Martens
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - C P Schroder
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - J T Wijnen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - M P G Vreeswijk
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - C J van Asperen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
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32
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Moghadasi S, Meeks HD, Vreeswijk MP, Janssen LA, Borg Å, Ehrencrona H, Paulsson-Karlsson Y, Wappenschmidt B, Engel C, Gehrig A, Arnold N, Hansen TVO, Thomassen M, Jensen UB, Kruse TA, Ejlertsen B, Gerdes AM, Pedersen IS, Caputo SM, Couch F, Hallberg EJ, van den Ouweland AM, Collée MJ, Teugels E, Adank MA, van der Luijt RB, Mensenkamp AR, Oosterwijk JC, Blok MJ, Janin N, Claes KB, Tucker K, Viassolo V, Toland AE, Eccles DE, Devilee P, Van Asperen CJ, Spurdle AB, Goldgar DE, García EG. The BRCA1 c. 5096G>A p.Arg1699Gln (R1699Q) intermediate risk variant: breast and ovarian cancer risk estimation and recommendations for clinical management from the ENIGMA consortium. J Med Genet 2017; 55:15-20. [PMID: 28490613 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2017-104560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously showed that the BRCA1 variant c.5096G>A p.Arg1699Gln (R1699Q) was associated with an intermediate risk of breast cancer (BC) and ovarian cancer (OC). This study aimed to assess these cancer risks for R1699Q carriers in a larger cohort, including follow-up of previously studied families, to further define cancer risks and to propose adjusted clinical management of female BRCA1*R1699Q carriers. METHODS Data were collected from 129 BRCA1*R1699Q families ascertained internationally by ENIGMA (Evidence-based Network for the Interpretation of Germline Mutant Alleles) consortium members. A modified segregation analysis was used to calculate BC and OC risks. Relative risks were calculated under both monogenic model and major gene plus polygenic model assumptions. RESULTS In this cohort the cumulative risk of BC and OC by age 70 years was 20% and 6%, respectively. The relative risk for developing cancer was higher when using a model that included the effects of both the R1699Q variant and a residual polygenic component compared with monogenic model (for BC 3.67 vs 2.83, and for OC 6.41 vs 5.83). CONCLUSION Our results confirm that BRCA1*R1699Q confers an intermediate risk for BC and OC. Breast surveillance for female carriers based on mammogram annually from age 40 is advised. Bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy should be considered based on family history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Setareh Moghadasi
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Huong D Meeks
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Maaike Pg Vreeswijk
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Linda Am Janssen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Åke Borg
- Division of Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Hans Ehrencrona
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Laboratory Medicine, Office for Medical Services, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Barbara Wappenschmidt
- Centre of Familial Breast and Ovarian Cancer, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics and Centre for Integrated Oncology (CIO), University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Centre for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christoph Engel
- Institute for Medical Informatics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andrea Gehrig
- Centre of Familial Breast and Ovarian Cancer, University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Department of Medical Genetics, University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute of Human Genetics, University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Norbert Arnold
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Thomas Van Overeem Hansen
- Center for Genomic Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DenmarK.,Department of Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DenmarK
| | - Mads Thomassen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Uffe Birk Jensen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Torben A Kruse
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Bent Ejlertsen
- Department of Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DenmarK.,Department of Oncology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne-Marie Gerdes
- Department of Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DenmarK.,Department of Clinical Genetics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Inge Søkilde Pedersen
- Section of Molecular Diagnostics, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | | | - Fergus Couch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Emily J Hallberg
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Margriet J Collée
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Erik Teugels
- Familial Cancer Clinic and Medical Oncology, University Hospital Brussels, Belgium
| | - Muriel A Adank
- Department of Clinical Genetics, VU Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rob B van der Luijt
- Division of Biomedical Genetics, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Genetics, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jan C Oosterwijk
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marinus J Blok
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Nicolas Janin
- Department of Service de Génétique, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | | | - Kathy Tucker
- Hereditary Cancer Service, Prince of Wales (and St George Hospitals) Hospital, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Valeria Viassolo
- Department of Oncogenetics and Cancer Prevention Unit, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.,Division of Oncology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Amanda Ewart Toland
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Diana E Eccles
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Peter Devilee
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Christie J Van Asperen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Amanda B Spurdle
- Genetics and Computational Biology Division, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Brisbane, Australia
| | - David E Goldgar
- Huntsman Cancer Institute and Department of Dermatology, University of Utah School of Medicine Salt Lake City, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Encarna Gómez García
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Fehringer G, Kraft P, Pharoah PD, Eeles RA, Chatterjee N, Schumacher FR, Schildkraut JM, Lindström S, Brennan P, Bickeböller H, Houlston RS, Landi MT, Caporaso N, Risch A, Amin Al Olama A, Berndt SI, Giovannucci EL, Grönberg H, Kote-Jarai Z, Ma J, Muir K, Stampfer MJ, Stevens VL, Wiklund F, Willett WC, Goode EL, Permuth JB, Risch HA, Reid BM, Bezieau S, Brenner H, Chan AT, Chang-Claude J, Hudson TJ, Kocarnik JK, Newcomb PA, Schoen RE, Slattery ML, White E, Adank MA, Ahsan H, Aittomäki K, Baglietto L, Blomquist C, Canzian F, Czene K, Dos-Santos-Silva I, Eliassen AH, Figueroa JD, Flesch-Janys D, Fletcher O, Garcia-Closas M, Gaudet MM, Johnson N, Hall P, Hazra A, Hein R, Hofman A, Hopper JL, Irwanto A, Johansson M, Kaaks R, Kibriya MG, Lichtner P, Liu J, Lund E, Makalic E, Meindl A, Müller-Myhsok B, Muranen TA, Nevanlinna H, Peeters PH, Peto J, Prentice RL, Rahman N, Sanchez MJ, Schmidt DF, Schmutzler RK, Southey MC, Tamimi R, Travis RC, Turnbull C, Uitterlinden AG, Wang Z, Whittemore AS, Yang XR, Zheng W, Buchanan DD, Casey G, Conti DV, Edlund CK, Gallinger S, Haile RW, Jenkins M, Le Marchand L, Li L, Lindor NM, Schmit SL, Thibodeau SN, Woods MO, Rafnar T, Gudmundsson J, Stacey SN, Stefansson K, Sulem P, Chen YA, Tyrer JP, Christiani DC, Wei Y, Shen H, Hu Z, Shu XO, Shiraishi K, Takahashi A, Bossé Y, Obeidat M, Nickle D, Timens W, Freedman ML, Li Q, Seminara D, Chanock SJ, Gong J, Peters U, Gruber SB, Amos CI, Sellers TA, Easton DF, Hunter DJ, Haiman CA, Henderson BE, Hung RJ. Cross-Cancer Genome-Wide Analysis of Lung, Ovary, Breast, Prostate, and Colorectal Cancer Reveals Novel Pleiotropic Associations. Cancer Res 2016; 76:5103-14. [PMID: 27197191 PMCID: PMC5010493 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-2980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Identifying genetic variants with pleiotropic associations can uncover common pathways influencing multiple cancers. We took a two-stage approach to conduct genome-wide association studies for lung, ovary, breast, prostate, and colorectal cancer from the GAME-ON/GECCO Network (61,851 cases, 61,820 controls) to identify pleiotropic loci. Findings were replicated in independent association studies (55,789 cases, 330,490 controls). We identified a novel pleiotropic association at 1q22 involving breast and lung squamous cell carcinoma, with eQTL analysis showing an association with ADAM15/THBS3 gene expression in lung. We also identified a known breast cancer locus CASP8/ALS2CR12 associated with prostate cancer, a known cancer locus at CDKN2B-AS1 with different variants associated with lung adenocarcinoma and prostate cancer, and confirmed the associations of a breast BRCA2 locus with lung and serous ovarian cancer. This is the largest study to date examining pleiotropy across multiple cancer-associated loci, identifying common mechanisms of cancer development and progression. Cancer Res; 76(17); 5103-14. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon Fehringer
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Peter Kraft
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Sara Lindström
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Paul Brennan
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Angela Risch
- Division of Cancer Genetics/Epigenetics, Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria. Division of Epigenomics and Cancer Risk Factors, DKFZ - German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany. Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC-H), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jing Ma
- Harvard Medical School, Boston Massachusetts. Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kenneth Muir
- University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom. The University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | | | - Victoria L Stevens
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | - Walter C Willett
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany. Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany. German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andrew T Chan
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- National Center for Tumor Diseases and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Robert E Schoen
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Emily White
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Muriel A Adank
- VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Kristiina Aittomäki
- University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Carl Blomquist
- University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Federico Canzian
- Genomic Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Isabel Dos-Santos-Silva
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - A Heather Eliassen
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts. Harvard Medical School, Boston Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Olivia Fletcher
- Breakthrough Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Mia M Gaudet
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Nichola Johnson
- Breakthrough Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Per Hall
- Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Aditi Hazra
- Harvard Medical School, Boston Massachusetts
| | - Rebecca Hein
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Germany. Institute of Medical Statistics, Informatics and Epidemiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Albert Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - John L Hopper
- Melbourne School of Population Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Mattias Johansson
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France. Department of Biobank Research, Umea University, Umea, Sweden
| | - Rudolf Kaaks
- National Center for Tumor Diseases and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Peter Lichtner
- German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | - Eiliv Lund
- Institute of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway
| | - Enes Makalic
- Melbourne School of Population Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | | | - Taru A Muranen
- University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heli Nevanlinna
- University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Petra H Peeters
- Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Julian Peto
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Maria Jose Sanchez
- Escuela Andaluza de Salud Publica, Instituto de Investigacion Biosanitaria ibs. GRANADA, Granada, Spain. Hospitales Universitarios de Granada/Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain. CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel F Schmidt
- Melbourne School of Population Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Ruth C Travis
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Andre G Uitterlinden
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands. Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Wei Zheng
- Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | | | - Graham Casey
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - David V Conti
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | | | - Steven Gallinger
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Mark Jenkins
- The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Loïc Le Marchand
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Li Li
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center and Mary Ann Swetland Center for Environmental Health, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | | | | | | | - Michael O Woods
- Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yongyue Wei
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hongbing Shen
- Nanjing Medical University School of Public Health, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhibin Hu
- Nanjing Medical University School of Public Health, Nanjing, China
| | | | - Kouya Shiraishi
- Division of Genome Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Takahashi
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yohan Bossé
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | - Ma'en Obeidat
- University of British Columbia Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada
| | - David Nickle
- Merck & Co, Merck Research Laboratories, Seattle, Washington
| | - Wim Timens
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, GRIAC Research Institute, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | - Jian Gong
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Ulrike Peters
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | | | | | | | | | - David J Hunter
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Rayjean J Hung
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada.
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Schmidt MK, Hogervorst F, van Hien R, Cornelissen S, Broeks A, Adank MA, Meijers H, Waisfisz Q, Hollestelle A, Schutte M, van den Ouweland A, Hooning M, Andrulis IL, Anton-Culver H, Antonenkova NN, Antoniou AC, Arndt V, Bermisheva M, Bogdanova NV, Bolla MK, Brauch H, Brenner H, Brüning T, Burwinkel B, Chang-Claude J, Chenevix-Trench G, Couch FJ, Cox A, Cross SS, Czene K, Dunning AM, Fasching PA, Figueroa J, Fletcher O, Flyger H, Galle E, García-Closas M, Giles GG, Haeberle L, Hall P, Hillemanns P, Hopper JL, Jakubowska A, John EM, Jones M, Khusnutdinova E, Knight JA, Kosma VM, Kristensen V, Lee A, Lindblom A, Lubinski J, Mannermaa A, Margolin S, Meindl A, Milne RL, Muranen TA, Newcomb PA, Offit K, Park-Simon TW, Peto J, Pharoah PD, Robson M, Rudolph A, Sawyer EJ, Schmutzler RK, Seynaeve C, Soens J, Southey MC, Spurdle AB, Surowy H, Swerdlow A, Tollenaar RA, Tomlinson I, Trentham-Dietz A, Vachon C, Wang Q, Whittemore AS, Ziogas A, van der Kolk L, Nevanlinna H, Dörk T, Bojesen S, Easton DF. Age- and Tumor Subtype-Specific Breast Cancer Risk Estimates for CHEK2*1100delC Carriers. J Clin Oncol 2016; 34:2750-60. [PMID: 27269948 PMCID: PMC5019754 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2016.66.5844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE CHEK2*1100delC is a well-established breast cancer risk variant that is most prevalent in European populations; however, there are limited data on risk of breast cancer by age and tumor subtype, which limits its usefulness in breast cancer risk prediction. We aimed to generate tumor subtype- and age-specific risk estimates by using data from the Breast Cancer Association Consortium, including 44,777 patients with breast cancer and 42,997 controls from 33 studies genotyped for CHEK2*1100delC. PATIENTS AND METHODS CHEK2*1100delC genotyping was mostly done by a custom Taqman assay. Breast cancer odds ratios (ORs) for CHEK2*1100delC carriers versus noncarriers were estimated by using logistic regression and adjusted for study (categorical) and age. Main analyses included patients with invasive breast cancer from population- and hospital-based studies. RESULTS Proportions of heterozygous CHEK2*1100delC carriers in controls, in patients with breast cancer from population- and hospital-based studies, and in patients with breast cancer from familial- and clinical genetics center-based studies were 0.5%, 1.3%, and 3.0%, respectively. The estimated OR for invasive breast cancer was 2.26 (95%CI, 1.90 to 2.69; P = 2.3 × 10(-20)). The OR was higher for estrogen receptor (ER)-positive disease (2.55 [95%CI, 2.10 to 3.10; P = 4.9 × 10(-21)]) than it was for ER-negative disease (1.32 [95%CI, 0.93 to 1.88; P = .12]; P interaction = 9.9 × 10(-4)). The OR significantly declined with attained age for breast cancer overall (P = .001) and for ER-positive tumors (P = .001). Estimated cumulative risks for development of ER-positive and ER-negative tumors by age 80 in CHEK2*1100delC carriers were 20% and 3%, respectively, compared with 9% and 2%, respectively, in the general population of the United Kingdom. CONCLUSION These CHEK2*1100delC breast cancer risk estimates provide a basis for incorporating CHEK2*1100delC into breast cancer risk prediction models and into guidelines for intensified screening and follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjanka K. Schmidt
- Marjanka K. Schmidt, Frans Hogervorst, Richard van Hien, Sten Cornelissen, Annegien Broeks, and Lizet van der Kolk, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital; Muriel A. Adank, Hanne Meijers, and Quinten Waisfisz, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam; Antoinette Hollestelle, Mieke Schutte, Maartje Hooning, and Caroline Seynaeve, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute; Ans van den Ouweland, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Rob A.E.M. Tollenaar, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Hoda Anton-Culver and Argyrios Ziogas, University of California, Irvine; Peter A. Fasching, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles; Esther M. John, Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont; Esther M. John, Alice S. Whittemore, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Natalia N. Antonenkova, N.N. Alexandrov Research Institute of Oncology and Medical Radiology, Minsk, Belarus; Antonis C. Antoniou, Manjeet K. Bolla, Andrew Lee, Alison M. Dunning, Paul D.P. Pharoah, Qin Wang, and Douglas F. Easton, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; Angela Cox and Simon S. Cross, University of Sheffield, Sheffield; Olivia Fletcher, Michael Jones, and Anthony Swerdlow, The Institute of Cancer Research; Julian Peto, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine; Elinor J. Sawyer, King's College London, London; Jonine Figueroa, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh; Ian Tomlinson, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Volker Arndt, Hiltrud Brauch, Hermann Brenner, Barbara Burwinkel, Jenny Chang-Claude, Anja Rudolph, Harold Surowy, German Cancer Research Center; Barbara Burwinkel and Harald Surowy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Natalia V. Bogdanova, Peter Hillemanns, Tjoung-Won Park-Simon, and Thilo Dörk, Hannover Medical School, Hannover; Hiltrud Brauch, Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart; Hiltrud Brauch, University of Tübingen, Tübingen; Thomas Brüning, Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum; Jenny Chang-Claude, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Peter A. Fasching and Lothar Haeberle, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen; Alfons Meindl, Technische Universität München, Munich; Rita K. Schmutzler, University Hospital of Cologne; Rita K. Schmutzler, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Marina Bermisheva, Ufa Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences; Elza Khusnutdinova, Bashkir State University, Ufa, Russia; Georgia Chenevix-Trench and Amanda B. Spurdle, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane; Graham G. Giles and Roger L. Milne, Cancer Council Victoria; Graham G. Giles, John L. Hopper, Roger L. Milne, and Melissa C. Southey, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Fergus J. Couch and Celine Vachon, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Kamila Czene, Per Hall, Annika Lindblom, and Sara Margolin, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Jonine Figueroa, Montserrat García-Closas, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; Henrik Flyger and Stig Bojesen, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev; Stig Bojesen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Eva Galle, University of Leuven; Eva Galle, Vesalius Research Center; Julie Soens, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium; Anna Jakubowska and Jan Lubinski, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, University of Eastern Finland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio; Taru A. Muranen and Heli Nevanlinna, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Vessela Kristensen, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet; Vessela Kristensen, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Polly A. Newcomb and Amy Trentham-Dietz, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; Polly A. Newcomb, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; and Kenneth Offit, Mark Robson, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Frans Hogervorst
- Marjanka K. Schmidt, Frans Hogervorst, Richard van Hien, Sten Cornelissen, Annegien Broeks, and Lizet van der Kolk, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital; Muriel A. Adank, Hanne Meijers, and Quinten Waisfisz, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam; Antoinette Hollestelle, Mieke Schutte, Maartje Hooning, and Caroline Seynaeve, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute; Ans van den Ouweland, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Rob A.E.M. Tollenaar, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Hoda Anton-Culver and Argyrios Ziogas, University of California, Irvine; Peter A. Fasching, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles; Esther M. John, Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont; Esther M. John, Alice S. Whittemore, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Natalia N. Antonenkova, N.N. Alexandrov Research Institute of Oncology and Medical Radiology, Minsk, Belarus; Antonis C. Antoniou, Manjeet K. Bolla, Andrew Lee, Alison M. Dunning, Paul D.P. Pharoah, Qin Wang, and Douglas F. Easton, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; Angela Cox and Simon S. Cross, University of Sheffield, Sheffield; Olivia Fletcher, Michael Jones, and Anthony Swerdlow, The Institute of Cancer Research; Julian Peto, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine; Elinor J. Sawyer, King's College London, London; Jonine Figueroa, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh; Ian Tomlinson, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Volker Arndt, Hiltrud Brauch, Hermann Brenner, Barbara Burwinkel, Jenny Chang-Claude, Anja Rudolph, Harold Surowy, German Cancer Research Center; Barbara Burwinkel and Harald Surowy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Natalia V. Bogdanova, Peter Hillemanns, Tjoung-Won Park-Simon, and Thilo Dörk, Hannover Medical School, Hannover; Hiltrud Brauch, Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart; Hiltrud Brauch, University of Tübingen, Tübingen; Thomas Brüning, Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum; Jenny Chang-Claude, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Peter A. Fasching and Lothar Haeberle, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen; Alfons Meindl, Technische Universität München, Munich; Rita K. Schmutzler, University Hospital of Cologne; Rita K. Schmutzler, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Marina Bermisheva, Ufa Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences; Elza Khusnutdinova, Bashkir State University, Ufa, Russia; Georgia Chenevix-Trench and Amanda B. Spurdle, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane; Graham G. Giles and Roger L. Milne, Cancer Council Victoria; Graham G. Giles, John L. Hopper, Roger L. Milne, and Melissa C. Southey, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Fergus J. Couch and Celine Vachon, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Kamila Czene, Per Hall, Annika Lindblom, and Sara Margolin, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Jonine Figueroa, Montserrat García-Closas, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; Henrik Flyger and Stig Bojesen, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev; Stig Bojesen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Eva Galle, University of Leuven; Eva Galle, Vesalius Research Center; Julie Soens, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium; Anna Jakubowska and Jan Lubinski, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, University of Eastern Finland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio; Taru A. Muranen and Heli Nevanlinna, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Vessela Kristensen, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet; Vessela Kristensen, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Polly A. Newcomb and Amy Trentham-Dietz, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; Polly A. Newcomb, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; and Kenneth Offit, Mark Robson, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Richard van Hien
- Marjanka K. Schmidt, Frans Hogervorst, Richard van Hien, Sten Cornelissen, Annegien Broeks, and Lizet van der Kolk, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital; Muriel A. Adank, Hanne Meijers, and Quinten Waisfisz, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam; Antoinette Hollestelle, Mieke Schutte, Maartje Hooning, and Caroline Seynaeve, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute; Ans van den Ouweland, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Rob A.E.M. Tollenaar, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Hoda Anton-Culver and Argyrios Ziogas, University of California, Irvine; Peter A. Fasching, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles; Esther M. John, Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont; Esther M. John, Alice S. Whittemore, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Natalia N. Antonenkova, N.N. Alexandrov Research Institute of Oncology and Medical Radiology, Minsk, Belarus; Antonis C. Antoniou, Manjeet K. Bolla, Andrew Lee, Alison M. Dunning, Paul D.P. Pharoah, Qin Wang, and Douglas F. Easton, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; Angela Cox and Simon S. Cross, University of Sheffield, Sheffield; Olivia Fletcher, Michael Jones, and Anthony Swerdlow, The Institute of Cancer Research; Julian Peto, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine; Elinor J. Sawyer, King's College London, London; Jonine Figueroa, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh; Ian Tomlinson, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Volker Arndt, Hiltrud Brauch, Hermann Brenner, Barbara Burwinkel, Jenny Chang-Claude, Anja Rudolph, Harold Surowy, German Cancer Research Center; Barbara Burwinkel and Harald Surowy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Natalia V. Bogdanova, Peter Hillemanns, Tjoung-Won Park-Simon, and Thilo Dörk, Hannover Medical School, Hannover; Hiltrud Brauch, Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart; Hiltrud Brauch, University of Tübingen, Tübingen; Thomas Brüning, Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum; Jenny Chang-Claude, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Peter A. Fasching and Lothar Haeberle, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen; Alfons Meindl, Technische Universität München, Munich; Rita K. Schmutzler, University Hospital of Cologne; Rita K. Schmutzler, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Marina Bermisheva, Ufa Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences; Elza Khusnutdinova, Bashkir State University, Ufa, Russia; Georgia Chenevix-Trench and Amanda B. Spurdle, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane; Graham G. Giles and Roger L. Milne, Cancer Council Victoria; Graham G. Giles, John L. Hopper, Roger L. Milne, and Melissa C. Southey, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Fergus J. Couch and Celine Vachon, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Kamila Czene, Per Hall, Annika Lindblom, and Sara Margolin, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Jonine Figueroa, Montserrat García-Closas, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; Henrik Flyger and Stig Bojesen, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev; Stig Bojesen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Eva Galle, University of Leuven; Eva Galle, Vesalius Research Center; Julie Soens, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium; Anna Jakubowska and Jan Lubinski, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, University of Eastern Finland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio; Taru A. Muranen and Heli Nevanlinna, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Vessela Kristensen, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet; Vessela Kristensen, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Polly A. Newcomb and Amy Trentham-Dietz, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; Polly A. Newcomb, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; and Kenneth Offit, Mark Robson, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Sten Cornelissen
- Marjanka K. Schmidt, Frans Hogervorst, Richard van Hien, Sten Cornelissen, Annegien Broeks, and Lizet van der Kolk, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital; Muriel A. Adank, Hanne Meijers, and Quinten Waisfisz, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam; Antoinette Hollestelle, Mieke Schutte, Maartje Hooning, and Caroline Seynaeve, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute; Ans van den Ouweland, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Rob A.E.M. Tollenaar, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Hoda Anton-Culver and Argyrios Ziogas, University of California, Irvine; Peter A. Fasching, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles; Esther M. John, Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont; Esther M. John, Alice S. Whittemore, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Natalia N. Antonenkova, N.N. Alexandrov Research Institute of Oncology and Medical Radiology, Minsk, Belarus; Antonis C. Antoniou, Manjeet K. Bolla, Andrew Lee, Alison M. Dunning, Paul D.P. Pharoah, Qin Wang, and Douglas F. Easton, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; Angela Cox and Simon S. Cross, University of Sheffield, Sheffield; Olivia Fletcher, Michael Jones, and Anthony Swerdlow, The Institute of Cancer Research; Julian Peto, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine; Elinor J. Sawyer, King's College London, London; Jonine Figueroa, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh; Ian Tomlinson, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Volker Arndt, Hiltrud Brauch, Hermann Brenner, Barbara Burwinkel, Jenny Chang-Claude, Anja Rudolph, Harold Surowy, German Cancer Research Center; Barbara Burwinkel and Harald Surowy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Natalia V. Bogdanova, Peter Hillemanns, Tjoung-Won Park-Simon, and Thilo Dörk, Hannover Medical School, Hannover; Hiltrud Brauch, Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart; Hiltrud Brauch, University of Tübingen, Tübingen; Thomas Brüning, Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum; Jenny Chang-Claude, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Peter A. Fasching and Lothar Haeberle, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen; Alfons Meindl, Technische Universität München, Munich; Rita K. Schmutzler, University Hospital of Cologne; Rita K. Schmutzler, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Marina Bermisheva, Ufa Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences; Elza Khusnutdinova, Bashkir State University, Ufa, Russia; Georgia Chenevix-Trench and Amanda B. Spurdle, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane; Graham G. Giles and Roger L. Milne, Cancer Council Victoria; Graham G. Giles, John L. Hopper, Roger L. Milne, and Melissa C. Southey, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Fergus J. Couch and Celine Vachon, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Kamila Czene, Per Hall, Annika Lindblom, and Sara Margolin, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Jonine Figueroa, Montserrat García-Closas, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; Henrik Flyger and Stig Bojesen, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev; Stig Bojesen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Eva Galle, University of Leuven; Eva Galle, Vesalius Research Center; Julie Soens, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium; Anna Jakubowska and Jan Lubinski, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, University of Eastern Finland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio; Taru A. Muranen and Heli Nevanlinna, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Vessela Kristensen, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet; Vessela Kristensen, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Polly A. Newcomb and Amy Trentham-Dietz, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; Polly A. Newcomb, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; and Kenneth Offit, Mark Robson, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Annegien Broeks
- Marjanka K. Schmidt, Frans Hogervorst, Richard van Hien, Sten Cornelissen, Annegien Broeks, and Lizet van der Kolk, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital; Muriel A. Adank, Hanne Meijers, and Quinten Waisfisz, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam; Antoinette Hollestelle, Mieke Schutte, Maartje Hooning, and Caroline Seynaeve, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute; Ans van den Ouweland, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Rob A.E.M. Tollenaar, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Hoda Anton-Culver and Argyrios Ziogas, University of California, Irvine; Peter A. Fasching, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles; Esther M. John, Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont; Esther M. John, Alice S. Whittemore, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Natalia N. Antonenkova, N.N. Alexandrov Research Institute of Oncology and Medical Radiology, Minsk, Belarus; Antonis C. Antoniou, Manjeet K. Bolla, Andrew Lee, Alison M. Dunning, Paul D.P. Pharoah, Qin Wang, and Douglas F. Easton, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; Angela Cox and Simon S. Cross, University of Sheffield, Sheffield; Olivia Fletcher, Michael Jones, and Anthony Swerdlow, The Institute of Cancer Research; Julian Peto, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine; Elinor J. Sawyer, King's College London, London; Jonine Figueroa, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh; Ian Tomlinson, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Volker Arndt, Hiltrud Brauch, Hermann Brenner, Barbara Burwinkel, Jenny Chang-Claude, Anja Rudolph, Harold Surowy, German Cancer Research Center; Barbara Burwinkel and Harald Surowy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Natalia V. Bogdanova, Peter Hillemanns, Tjoung-Won Park-Simon, and Thilo Dörk, Hannover Medical School, Hannover; Hiltrud Brauch, Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart; Hiltrud Brauch, University of Tübingen, Tübingen; Thomas Brüning, Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum; Jenny Chang-Claude, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Peter A. Fasching and Lothar Haeberle, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen; Alfons Meindl, Technische Universität München, Munich; Rita K. Schmutzler, University Hospital of Cologne; Rita K. Schmutzler, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Marina Bermisheva, Ufa Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences; Elza Khusnutdinova, Bashkir State University, Ufa, Russia; Georgia Chenevix-Trench and Amanda B. Spurdle, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane; Graham G. Giles and Roger L. Milne, Cancer Council Victoria; Graham G. Giles, John L. Hopper, Roger L. Milne, and Melissa C. Southey, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Fergus J. Couch and Celine Vachon, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Kamila Czene, Per Hall, Annika Lindblom, and Sara Margolin, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Jonine Figueroa, Montserrat García-Closas, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; Henrik Flyger and Stig Bojesen, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev; Stig Bojesen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Eva Galle, University of Leuven; Eva Galle, Vesalius Research Center; Julie Soens, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium; Anna Jakubowska and Jan Lubinski, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, University of Eastern Finland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio; Taru A. Muranen and Heli Nevanlinna, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Vessela Kristensen, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet; Vessela Kristensen, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Polly A. Newcomb and Amy Trentham-Dietz, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; Polly A. Newcomb, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; and Kenneth Offit, Mark Robson, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Muriel A. Adank
- Marjanka K. Schmidt, Frans Hogervorst, Richard van Hien, Sten Cornelissen, Annegien Broeks, and Lizet van der Kolk, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital; Muriel A. Adank, Hanne Meijers, and Quinten Waisfisz, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam; Antoinette Hollestelle, Mieke Schutte, Maartje Hooning, and Caroline Seynaeve, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute; Ans van den Ouweland, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Rob A.E.M. Tollenaar, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Hoda Anton-Culver and Argyrios Ziogas, University of California, Irvine; Peter A. Fasching, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles; Esther M. John, Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont; Esther M. John, Alice S. Whittemore, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Natalia N. Antonenkova, N.N. Alexandrov Research Institute of Oncology and Medical Radiology, Minsk, Belarus; Antonis C. Antoniou, Manjeet K. Bolla, Andrew Lee, Alison M. Dunning, Paul D.P. Pharoah, Qin Wang, and Douglas F. Easton, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; Angela Cox and Simon S. Cross, University of Sheffield, Sheffield; Olivia Fletcher, Michael Jones, and Anthony Swerdlow, The Institute of Cancer Research; Julian Peto, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine; Elinor J. Sawyer, King's College London, London; Jonine Figueroa, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh; Ian Tomlinson, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Volker Arndt, Hiltrud Brauch, Hermann Brenner, Barbara Burwinkel, Jenny Chang-Claude, Anja Rudolph, Harold Surowy, German Cancer Research Center; Barbara Burwinkel and Harald Surowy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Natalia V. Bogdanova, Peter Hillemanns, Tjoung-Won Park-Simon, and Thilo Dörk, Hannover Medical School, Hannover; Hiltrud Brauch, Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart; Hiltrud Brauch, University of Tübingen, Tübingen; Thomas Brüning, Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum; Jenny Chang-Claude, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Peter A. Fasching and Lothar Haeberle, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen; Alfons Meindl, Technische Universität München, Munich; Rita K. Schmutzler, University Hospital of Cologne; Rita K. Schmutzler, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Marina Bermisheva, Ufa Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences; Elza Khusnutdinova, Bashkir State University, Ufa, Russia; Georgia Chenevix-Trench and Amanda B. Spurdle, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane; Graham G. Giles and Roger L. Milne, Cancer Council Victoria; Graham G. Giles, John L. Hopper, Roger L. Milne, and Melissa C. Southey, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Fergus J. Couch and Celine Vachon, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Kamila Czene, Per Hall, Annika Lindblom, and Sara Margolin, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Jonine Figueroa, Montserrat García-Closas, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; Henrik Flyger and Stig Bojesen, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev; Stig Bojesen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Eva Galle, University of Leuven; Eva Galle, Vesalius Research Center; Julie Soens, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium; Anna Jakubowska and Jan Lubinski, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, University of Eastern Finland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio; Taru A. Muranen and Heli Nevanlinna, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Vessela Kristensen, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet; Vessela Kristensen, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Polly A. Newcomb and Amy Trentham-Dietz, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; Polly A. Newcomb, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; and Kenneth Offit, Mark Robson, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Hanne Meijers
- Marjanka K. Schmidt, Frans Hogervorst, Richard van Hien, Sten Cornelissen, Annegien Broeks, and Lizet van der Kolk, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital; Muriel A. Adank, Hanne Meijers, and Quinten Waisfisz, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam; Antoinette Hollestelle, Mieke Schutte, Maartje Hooning, and Caroline Seynaeve, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute; Ans van den Ouweland, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Rob A.E.M. Tollenaar, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Hoda Anton-Culver and Argyrios Ziogas, University of California, Irvine; Peter A. Fasching, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles; Esther M. John, Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont; Esther M. John, Alice S. Whittemore, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Natalia N. Antonenkova, N.N. Alexandrov Research Institute of Oncology and Medical Radiology, Minsk, Belarus; Antonis C. Antoniou, Manjeet K. Bolla, Andrew Lee, Alison M. Dunning, Paul D.P. Pharoah, Qin Wang, and Douglas F. Easton, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; Angela Cox and Simon S. Cross, University of Sheffield, Sheffield; Olivia Fletcher, Michael Jones, and Anthony Swerdlow, The Institute of Cancer Research; Julian Peto, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine; Elinor J. Sawyer, King's College London, London; Jonine Figueroa, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh; Ian Tomlinson, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Volker Arndt, Hiltrud Brauch, Hermann Brenner, Barbara Burwinkel, Jenny Chang-Claude, Anja Rudolph, Harold Surowy, German Cancer Research Center; Barbara Burwinkel and Harald Surowy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Natalia V. Bogdanova, Peter Hillemanns, Tjoung-Won Park-Simon, and Thilo Dörk, Hannover Medical School, Hannover; Hiltrud Brauch, Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart; Hiltrud Brauch, University of Tübingen, Tübingen; Thomas Brüning, Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum; Jenny Chang-Claude, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Peter A. Fasching and Lothar Haeberle, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen; Alfons Meindl, Technische Universität München, Munich; Rita K. Schmutzler, University Hospital of Cologne; Rita K. Schmutzler, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Marina Bermisheva, Ufa Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences; Elza Khusnutdinova, Bashkir State University, Ufa, Russia; Georgia Chenevix-Trench and Amanda B. Spurdle, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane; Graham G. Giles and Roger L. Milne, Cancer Council Victoria; Graham G. Giles, John L. Hopper, Roger L. Milne, and Melissa C. Southey, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Fergus J. Couch and Celine Vachon, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Kamila Czene, Per Hall, Annika Lindblom, and Sara Margolin, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Jonine Figueroa, Montserrat García-Closas, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; Henrik Flyger and Stig Bojesen, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev; Stig Bojesen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Eva Galle, University of Leuven; Eva Galle, Vesalius Research Center; Julie Soens, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium; Anna Jakubowska and Jan Lubinski, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, University of Eastern Finland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio; Taru A. Muranen and Heli Nevanlinna, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Vessela Kristensen, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet; Vessela Kristensen, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Polly A. Newcomb and Amy Trentham-Dietz, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; Polly A. Newcomb, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; and Kenneth Offit, Mark Robson, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Quinten Waisfisz
- Marjanka K. Schmidt, Frans Hogervorst, Richard van Hien, Sten Cornelissen, Annegien Broeks, and Lizet van der Kolk, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital; Muriel A. Adank, Hanne Meijers, and Quinten Waisfisz, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam; Antoinette Hollestelle, Mieke Schutte, Maartje Hooning, and Caroline Seynaeve, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute; Ans van den Ouweland, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Rob A.E.M. Tollenaar, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Hoda Anton-Culver and Argyrios Ziogas, University of California, Irvine; Peter A. Fasching, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles; Esther M. John, Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont; Esther M. John, Alice S. Whittemore, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Natalia N. Antonenkova, N.N. Alexandrov Research Institute of Oncology and Medical Radiology, Minsk, Belarus; Antonis C. Antoniou, Manjeet K. Bolla, Andrew Lee, Alison M. Dunning, Paul D.P. Pharoah, Qin Wang, and Douglas F. Easton, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; Angela Cox and Simon S. Cross, University of Sheffield, Sheffield; Olivia Fletcher, Michael Jones, and Anthony Swerdlow, The Institute of Cancer Research; Julian Peto, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine; Elinor J. Sawyer, King's College London, London; Jonine Figueroa, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh; Ian Tomlinson, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Volker Arndt, Hiltrud Brauch, Hermann Brenner, Barbara Burwinkel, Jenny Chang-Claude, Anja Rudolph, Harold Surowy, German Cancer Research Center; Barbara Burwinkel and Harald Surowy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Natalia V. Bogdanova, Peter Hillemanns, Tjoung-Won Park-Simon, and Thilo Dörk, Hannover Medical School, Hannover; Hiltrud Brauch, Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart; Hiltrud Brauch, University of Tübingen, Tübingen; Thomas Brüning, Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum; Jenny Chang-Claude, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Peter A. Fasching and Lothar Haeberle, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen; Alfons Meindl, Technische Universität München, Munich; Rita K. Schmutzler, University Hospital of Cologne; Rita K. Schmutzler, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Marina Bermisheva, Ufa Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences; Elza Khusnutdinova, Bashkir State University, Ufa, Russia; Georgia Chenevix-Trench and Amanda B. Spurdle, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane; Graham G. Giles and Roger L. Milne, Cancer Council Victoria; Graham G. Giles, John L. Hopper, Roger L. Milne, and Melissa C. Southey, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Fergus J. Couch and Celine Vachon, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Kamila Czene, Per Hall, Annika Lindblom, and Sara Margolin, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Jonine Figueroa, Montserrat García-Closas, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; Henrik Flyger and Stig Bojesen, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev; Stig Bojesen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Eva Galle, University of Leuven; Eva Galle, Vesalius Research Center; Julie Soens, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium; Anna Jakubowska and Jan Lubinski, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, University of Eastern Finland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio; Taru A. Muranen and Heli Nevanlinna, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Vessela Kristensen, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet; Vessela Kristensen, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Polly A. Newcomb and Amy Trentham-Dietz, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; Polly A. Newcomb, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; and Kenneth Offit, Mark Robson, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Antoinette Hollestelle
- Marjanka K. Schmidt, Frans Hogervorst, Richard van Hien, Sten Cornelissen, Annegien Broeks, and Lizet van der Kolk, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital; Muriel A. Adank, Hanne Meijers, and Quinten Waisfisz, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam; Antoinette Hollestelle, Mieke Schutte, Maartje Hooning, and Caroline Seynaeve, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute; Ans van den Ouweland, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Rob A.E.M. Tollenaar, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Hoda Anton-Culver and Argyrios Ziogas, University of California, Irvine; Peter A. Fasching, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles; Esther M. John, Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont; Esther M. John, Alice S. Whittemore, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Natalia N. Antonenkova, N.N. Alexandrov Research Institute of Oncology and Medical Radiology, Minsk, Belarus; Antonis C. Antoniou, Manjeet K. Bolla, Andrew Lee, Alison M. Dunning, Paul D.P. Pharoah, Qin Wang, and Douglas F. Easton, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; Angela Cox and Simon S. Cross, University of Sheffield, Sheffield; Olivia Fletcher, Michael Jones, and Anthony Swerdlow, The Institute of Cancer Research; Julian Peto, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine; Elinor J. Sawyer, King's College London, London; Jonine Figueroa, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh; Ian Tomlinson, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Volker Arndt, Hiltrud Brauch, Hermann Brenner, Barbara Burwinkel, Jenny Chang-Claude, Anja Rudolph, Harold Surowy, German Cancer Research Center; Barbara Burwinkel and Harald Surowy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Natalia V. Bogdanova, Peter Hillemanns, Tjoung-Won Park-Simon, and Thilo Dörk, Hannover Medical School, Hannover; Hiltrud Brauch, Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart; Hiltrud Brauch, University of Tübingen, Tübingen; Thomas Brüning, Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum; Jenny Chang-Claude, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Peter A. Fasching and Lothar Haeberle, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen; Alfons Meindl, Technische Universität München, Munich; Rita K. Schmutzler, University Hospital of Cologne; Rita K. Schmutzler, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Marina Bermisheva, Ufa Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences; Elza Khusnutdinova, Bashkir State University, Ufa, Russia; Georgia Chenevix-Trench and Amanda B. Spurdle, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane; Graham G. Giles and Roger L. Milne, Cancer Council Victoria; Graham G. Giles, John L. Hopper, Roger L. Milne, and Melissa C. Southey, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Fergus J. Couch and Celine Vachon, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Kamila Czene, Per Hall, Annika Lindblom, and Sara Margolin, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Jonine Figueroa, Montserrat García-Closas, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; Henrik Flyger and Stig Bojesen, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev; Stig Bojesen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Eva Galle, University of Leuven; Eva Galle, Vesalius Research Center; Julie Soens, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium; Anna Jakubowska and Jan Lubinski, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, University of Eastern Finland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio; Taru A. Muranen and Heli Nevanlinna, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Vessela Kristensen, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet; Vessela Kristensen, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Polly A. Newcomb and Amy Trentham-Dietz, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; Polly A. Newcomb, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; and Kenneth Offit, Mark Robson, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Mieke Schutte
- Marjanka K. Schmidt, Frans Hogervorst, Richard van Hien, Sten Cornelissen, Annegien Broeks, and Lizet van der Kolk, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital; Muriel A. Adank, Hanne Meijers, and Quinten Waisfisz, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam; Antoinette Hollestelle, Mieke Schutte, Maartje Hooning, and Caroline Seynaeve, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute; Ans van den Ouweland, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Rob A.E.M. Tollenaar, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Hoda Anton-Culver and Argyrios Ziogas, University of California, Irvine; Peter A. Fasching, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles; Esther M. John, Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont; Esther M. John, Alice S. Whittemore, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Natalia N. Antonenkova, N.N. Alexandrov Research Institute of Oncology and Medical Radiology, Minsk, Belarus; Antonis C. Antoniou, Manjeet K. Bolla, Andrew Lee, Alison M. Dunning, Paul D.P. Pharoah, Qin Wang, and Douglas F. Easton, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; Angela Cox and Simon S. Cross, University of Sheffield, Sheffield; Olivia Fletcher, Michael Jones, and Anthony Swerdlow, The Institute of Cancer Research; Julian Peto, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine; Elinor J. Sawyer, King's College London, London; Jonine Figueroa, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh; Ian Tomlinson, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Volker Arndt, Hiltrud Brauch, Hermann Brenner, Barbara Burwinkel, Jenny Chang-Claude, Anja Rudolph, Harold Surowy, German Cancer Research Center; Barbara Burwinkel and Harald Surowy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Natalia V. Bogdanova, Peter Hillemanns, Tjoung-Won Park-Simon, and Thilo Dörk, Hannover Medical School, Hannover; Hiltrud Brauch, Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart; Hiltrud Brauch, University of Tübingen, Tübingen; Thomas Brüning, Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum; Jenny Chang-Claude, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Peter A. Fasching and Lothar Haeberle, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen; Alfons Meindl, Technische Universität München, Munich; Rita K. Schmutzler, University Hospital of Cologne; Rita K. Schmutzler, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Marina Bermisheva, Ufa Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences; Elza Khusnutdinova, Bashkir State University, Ufa, Russia; Georgia Chenevix-Trench and Amanda B. Spurdle, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane; Graham G. Giles and Roger L. Milne, Cancer Council Victoria; Graham G. Giles, John L. Hopper, Roger L. Milne, and Melissa C. Southey, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Fergus J. Couch and Celine Vachon, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Kamila Czene, Per Hall, Annika Lindblom, and Sara Margolin, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Jonine Figueroa, Montserrat García-Closas, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; Henrik Flyger and Stig Bojesen, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev; Stig Bojesen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Eva Galle, University of Leuven; Eva Galle, Vesalius Research Center; Julie Soens, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium; Anna Jakubowska and Jan Lubinski, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, University of Eastern Finland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio; Taru A. Muranen and Heli Nevanlinna, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Vessela Kristensen, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet; Vessela Kristensen, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Polly A. Newcomb and Amy Trentham-Dietz, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; Polly A. Newcomb, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; and Kenneth Offit, Mark Robson, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Ans van den Ouweland
- Marjanka K. Schmidt, Frans Hogervorst, Richard van Hien, Sten Cornelissen, Annegien Broeks, and Lizet van der Kolk, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital; Muriel A. Adank, Hanne Meijers, and Quinten Waisfisz, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam; Antoinette Hollestelle, Mieke Schutte, Maartje Hooning, and Caroline Seynaeve, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute; Ans van den Ouweland, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Rob A.E.M. Tollenaar, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Hoda Anton-Culver and Argyrios Ziogas, University of California, Irvine; Peter A. Fasching, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles; Esther M. John, Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont; Esther M. John, Alice S. Whittemore, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Natalia N. Antonenkova, N.N. Alexandrov Research Institute of Oncology and Medical Radiology, Minsk, Belarus; Antonis C. Antoniou, Manjeet K. Bolla, Andrew Lee, Alison M. Dunning, Paul D.P. Pharoah, Qin Wang, and Douglas F. Easton, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; Angela Cox and Simon S. Cross, University of Sheffield, Sheffield; Olivia Fletcher, Michael Jones, and Anthony Swerdlow, The Institute of Cancer Research; Julian Peto, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine; Elinor J. Sawyer, King's College London, London; Jonine Figueroa, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh; Ian Tomlinson, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Volker Arndt, Hiltrud Brauch, Hermann Brenner, Barbara Burwinkel, Jenny Chang-Claude, Anja Rudolph, Harold Surowy, German Cancer Research Center; Barbara Burwinkel and Harald Surowy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Natalia V. Bogdanova, Peter Hillemanns, Tjoung-Won Park-Simon, and Thilo Dörk, Hannover Medical School, Hannover; Hiltrud Brauch, Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart; Hiltrud Brauch, University of Tübingen, Tübingen; Thomas Brüning, Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum; Jenny Chang-Claude, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Peter A. Fasching and Lothar Haeberle, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen; Alfons Meindl, Technische Universität München, Munich; Rita K. Schmutzler, University Hospital of Cologne; Rita K. Schmutzler, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Marina Bermisheva, Ufa Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences; Elza Khusnutdinova, Bashkir State University, Ufa, Russia; Georgia Chenevix-Trench and Amanda B. Spurdle, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane; Graham G. Giles and Roger L. Milne, Cancer Council Victoria; Graham G. Giles, John L. Hopper, Roger L. Milne, and Melissa C. Southey, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Fergus J. Couch and Celine Vachon, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Kamila Czene, Per Hall, Annika Lindblom, and Sara Margolin, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Jonine Figueroa, Montserrat García-Closas, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; Henrik Flyger and Stig Bojesen, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev; Stig Bojesen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Eva Galle, University of Leuven; Eva Galle, Vesalius Research Center; Julie Soens, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium; Anna Jakubowska and Jan Lubinski, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, University of Eastern Finland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio; Taru A. Muranen and Heli Nevanlinna, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Vessela Kristensen, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet; Vessela Kristensen, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Polly A. Newcomb and Amy Trentham-Dietz, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; Polly A. Newcomb, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; and Kenneth Offit, Mark Robson, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Maartje Hooning
- Marjanka K. Schmidt, Frans Hogervorst, Richard van Hien, Sten Cornelissen, Annegien Broeks, and Lizet van der Kolk, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital; Muriel A. Adank, Hanne Meijers, and Quinten Waisfisz, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam; Antoinette Hollestelle, Mieke Schutte, Maartje Hooning, and Caroline Seynaeve, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute; Ans van den Ouweland, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Rob A.E.M. Tollenaar, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Hoda Anton-Culver and Argyrios Ziogas, University of California, Irvine; Peter A. Fasching, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles; Esther M. John, Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont; Esther M. John, Alice S. Whittemore, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Natalia N. Antonenkova, N.N. Alexandrov Research Institute of Oncology and Medical Radiology, Minsk, Belarus; Antonis C. Antoniou, Manjeet K. Bolla, Andrew Lee, Alison M. Dunning, Paul D.P. Pharoah, Qin Wang, and Douglas F. Easton, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; Angela Cox and Simon S. Cross, University of Sheffield, Sheffield; Olivia Fletcher, Michael Jones, and Anthony Swerdlow, The Institute of Cancer Research; Julian Peto, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine; Elinor J. Sawyer, King's College London, London; Jonine Figueroa, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh; Ian Tomlinson, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Volker Arndt, Hiltrud Brauch, Hermann Brenner, Barbara Burwinkel, Jenny Chang-Claude, Anja Rudolph, Harold Surowy, German Cancer Research Center; Barbara Burwinkel and Harald Surowy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Natalia V. Bogdanova, Peter Hillemanns, Tjoung-Won Park-Simon, and Thilo Dörk, Hannover Medical School, Hannover; Hiltrud Brauch, Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart; Hiltrud Brauch, University of Tübingen, Tübingen; Thomas Brüning, Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum; Jenny Chang-Claude, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Peter A. Fasching and Lothar Haeberle, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen; Alfons Meindl, Technische Universität München, Munich; Rita K. Schmutzler, University Hospital of Cologne; Rita K. Schmutzler, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Marina Bermisheva, Ufa Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences; Elza Khusnutdinova, Bashkir State University, Ufa, Russia; Georgia Chenevix-Trench and Amanda B. Spurdle, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane; Graham G. Giles and Roger L. Milne, Cancer Council Victoria; Graham G. Giles, John L. Hopper, Roger L. Milne, and Melissa C. Southey, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Fergus J. Couch and Celine Vachon, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Kamila Czene, Per Hall, Annika Lindblom, and Sara Margolin, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Jonine Figueroa, Montserrat García-Closas, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; Henrik Flyger and Stig Bojesen, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev; Stig Bojesen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Eva Galle, University of Leuven; Eva Galle, Vesalius Research Center; Julie Soens, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium; Anna Jakubowska and Jan Lubinski, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, University of Eastern Finland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio; Taru A. Muranen and Heli Nevanlinna, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Vessela Kristensen, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet; Vessela Kristensen, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Polly A. Newcomb and Amy Trentham-Dietz, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; Polly A. Newcomb, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; and Kenneth Offit, Mark Robson, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Irene L. Andrulis
- Marjanka K. Schmidt, Frans Hogervorst, Richard van Hien, Sten Cornelissen, Annegien Broeks, and Lizet van der Kolk, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital; Muriel A. Adank, Hanne Meijers, and Quinten Waisfisz, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam; Antoinette Hollestelle, Mieke Schutte, Maartje Hooning, and Caroline Seynaeve, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute; Ans van den Ouweland, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Rob A.E.M. Tollenaar, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Hoda Anton-Culver and Argyrios Ziogas, University of California, Irvine; Peter A. Fasching, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles; Esther M. John, Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont; Esther M. John, Alice S. Whittemore, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Natalia N. Antonenkova, N.N. Alexandrov Research Institute of Oncology and Medical Radiology, Minsk, Belarus; Antonis C. Antoniou, Manjeet K. Bolla, Andrew Lee, Alison M. Dunning, Paul D.P. Pharoah, Qin Wang, and Douglas F. Easton, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; Angela Cox and Simon S. Cross, University of Sheffield, Sheffield; Olivia Fletcher, Michael Jones, and Anthony Swerdlow, The Institute of Cancer Research; Julian Peto, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine; Elinor J. Sawyer, King's College London, London; Jonine Figueroa, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh; Ian Tomlinson, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Volker Arndt, Hiltrud Brauch, Hermann Brenner, Barbara Burwinkel, Jenny Chang-Claude, Anja Rudolph, Harold Surowy, German Cancer Research Center; Barbara Burwinkel and Harald Surowy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Natalia V. Bogdanova, Peter Hillemanns, Tjoung-Won Park-Simon, and Thilo Dörk, Hannover Medical School, Hannover; Hiltrud Brauch, Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart; Hiltrud Brauch, University of Tübingen, Tübingen; Thomas Brüning, Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum; Jenny Chang-Claude, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Peter A. Fasching and Lothar Haeberle, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen; Alfons Meindl, Technische Universität München, Munich; Rita K. Schmutzler, University Hospital of Cologne; Rita K. Schmutzler, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Marina Bermisheva, Ufa Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences; Elza Khusnutdinova, Bashkir State University, Ufa, Russia; Georgia Chenevix-Trench and Amanda B. Spurdle, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane; Graham G. Giles and Roger L. Milne, Cancer Council Victoria; Graham G. Giles, John L. Hopper, Roger L. Milne, and Melissa C. Southey, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Fergus J. Couch and Celine Vachon, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Kamila Czene, Per Hall, Annika Lindblom, and Sara Margolin, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Jonine Figueroa, Montserrat García-Closas, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; Henrik Flyger and Stig Bojesen, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev; Stig Bojesen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Eva Galle, University of Leuven; Eva Galle, Vesalius Research Center; Julie Soens, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium; Anna Jakubowska and Jan Lubinski, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, University of Eastern Finland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio; Taru A. Muranen and Heli Nevanlinna, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Vessela Kristensen, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet; Vessela Kristensen, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Polly A. Newcomb and Amy Trentham-Dietz, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; Polly A. Newcomb, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; and Kenneth Offit, Mark Robson, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Hoda Anton-Culver
- Marjanka K. Schmidt, Frans Hogervorst, Richard van Hien, Sten Cornelissen, Annegien Broeks, and Lizet van der Kolk, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital; Muriel A. Adank, Hanne Meijers, and Quinten Waisfisz, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam; Antoinette Hollestelle, Mieke Schutte, Maartje Hooning, and Caroline Seynaeve, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute; Ans van den Ouweland, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Rob A.E.M. Tollenaar, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Hoda Anton-Culver and Argyrios Ziogas, University of California, Irvine; Peter A. Fasching, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles; Esther M. John, Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont; Esther M. John, Alice S. Whittemore, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Natalia N. Antonenkova, N.N. Alexandrov Research Institute of Oncology and Medical Radiology, Minsk, Belarus; Antonis C. Antoniou, Manjeet K. Bolla, Andrew Lee, Alison M. Dunning, Paul D.P. Pharoah, Qin Wang, and Douglas F. Easton, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; Angela Cox and Simon S. Cross, University of Sheffield, Sheffield; Olivia Fletcher, Michael Jones, and Anthony Swerdlow, The Institute of Cancer Research; Julian Peto, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine; Elinor J. Sawyer, King's College London, London; Jonine Figueroa, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh; Ian Tomlinson, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Volker Arndt, Hiltrud Brauch, Hermann Brenner, Barbara Burwinkel, Jenny Chang-Claude, Anja Rudolph, Harold Surowy, German Cancer Research Center; Barbara Burwinkel and Harald Surowy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Natalia V. Bogdanova, Peter Hillemanns, Tjoung-Won Park-Simon, and Thilo Dörk, Hannover Medical School, Hannover; Hiltrud Brauch, Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart; Hiltrud Brauch, University of Tübingen, Tübingen; Thomas Brüning, Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum; Jenny Chang-Claude, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Peter A. Fasching and Lothar Haeberle, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen; Alfons Meindl, Technische Universität München, Munich; Rita K. Schmutzler, University Hospital of Cologne; Rita K. Schmutzler, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Marina Bermisheva, Ufa Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences; Elza Khusnutdinova, Bashkir State University, Ufa, Russia; Georgia Chenevix-Trench and Amanda B. Spurdle, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane; Graham G. Giles and Roger L. Milne, Cancer Council Victoria; Graham G. Giles, John L. Hopper, Roger L. Milne, and Melissa C. Southey, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Fergus J. Couch and Celine Vachon, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Kamila Czene, Per Hall, Annika Lindblom, and Sara Margolin, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Jonine Figueroa, Montserrat García-Closas, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; Henrik Flyger and Stig Bojesen, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev; Stig Bojesen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Eva Galle, University of Leuven; Eva Galle, Vesalius Research Center; Julie Soens, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium; Anna Jakubowska and Jan Lubinski, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, University of Eastern Finland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio; Taru A. Muranen and Heli Nevanlinna, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Vessela Kristensen, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet; Vessela Kristensen, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Polly A. Newcomb and Amy Trentham-Dietz, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; Polly A. Newcomb, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; and Kenneth Offit, Mark Robson, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Natalia N. Antonenkova
- Marjanka K. Schmidt, Frans Hogervorst, Richard van Hien, Sten Cornelissen, Annegien Broeks, and Lizet van der Kolk, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital; Muriel A. Adank, Hanne Meijers, and Quinten Waisfisz, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam; Antoinette Hollestelle, Mieke Schutte, Maartje Hooning, and Caroline Seynaeve, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute; Ans van den Ouweland, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Rob A.E.M. Tollenaar, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Hoda Anton-Culver and Argyrios Ziogas, University of California, Irvine; Peter A. Fasching, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles; Esther M. John, Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont; Esther M. John, Alice S. Whittemore, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Natalia N. Antonenkova, N.N. Alexandrov Research Institute of Oncology and Medical Radiology, Minsk, Belarus; Antonis C. Antoniou, Manjeet K. Bolla, Andrew Lee, Alison M. Dunning, Paul D.P. Pharoah, Qin Wang, and Douglas F. Easton, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; Angela Cox and Simon S. Cross, University of Sheffield, Sheffield; Olivia Fletcher, Michael Jones, and Anthony Swerdlow, The Institute of Cancer Research; Julian Peto, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine; Elinor J. Sawyer, King's College London, London; Jonine Figueroa, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh; Ian Tomlinson, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Volker Arndt, Hiltrud Brauch, Hermann Brenner, Barbara Burwinkel, Jenny Chang-Claude, Anja Rudolph, Harold Surowy, German Cancer Research Center; Barbara Burwinkel and Harald Surowy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Natalia V. Bogdanova, Peter Hillemanns, Tjoung-Won Park-Simon, and Thilo Dörk, Hannover Medical School, Hannover; Hiltrud Brauch, Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart; Hiltrud Brauch, University of Tübingen, Tübingen; Thomas Brüning, Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum; Jenny Chang-Claude, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Peter A. Fasching and Lothar Haeberle, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen; Alfons Meindl, Technische Universität München, Munich; Rita K. Schmutzler, University Hospital of Cologne; Rita K. Schmutzler, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Marina Bermisheva, Ufa Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences; Elza Khusnutdinova, Bashkir State University, Ufa, Russia; Georgia Chenevix-Trench and Amanda B. Spurdle, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane; Graham G. Giles and Roger L. Milne, Cancer Council Victoria; Graham G. Giles, John L. Hopper, Roger L. Milne, and Melissa C. Southey, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Fergus J. Couch and Celine Vachon, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Kamila Czene, Per Hall, Annika Lindblom, and Sara Margolin, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Jonine Figueroa, Montserrat García-Closas, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; Henrik Flyger and Stig Bojesen, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev; Stig Bojesen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Eva Galle, University of Leuven; Eva Galle, Vesalius Research Center; Julie Soens, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium; Anna Jakubowska and Jan Lubinski, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, University of Eastern Finland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio; Taru A. Muranen and Heli Nevanlinna, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Vessela Kristensen, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet; Vessela Kristensen, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Polly A. Newcomb and Amy Trentham-Dietz, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; Polly A. Newcomb, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; and Kenneth Offit, Mark Robson, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Antonis C. Antoniou
- Marjanka K. Schmidt, Frans Hogervorst, Richard van Hien, Sten Cornelissen, Annegien Broeks, and Lizet van der Kolk, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital; Muriel A. Adank, Hanne Meijers, and Quinten Waisfisz, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam; Antoinette Hollestelle, Mieke Schutte, Maartje Hooning, and Caroline Seynaeve, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute; Ans van den Ouweland, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Rob A.E.M. Tollenaar, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Hoda Anton-Culver and Argyrios Ziogas, University of California, Irvine; Peter A. Fasching, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles; Esther M. John, Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont; Esther M. John, Alice S. Whittemore, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Natalia N. Antonenkova, N.N. Alexandrov Research Institute of Oncology and Medical Radiology, Minsk, Belarus; Antonis C. Antoniou, Manjeet K. Bolla, Andrew Lee, Alison M. Dunning, Paul D.P. Pharoah, Qin Wang, and Douglas F. Easton, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; Angela Cox and Simon S. Cross, University of Sheffield, Sheffield; Olivia Fletcher, Michael Jones, and Anthony Swerdlow, The Institute of Cancer Research; Julian Peto, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine; Elinor J. Sawyer, King's College London, London; Jonine Figueroa, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh; Ian Tomlinson, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Volker Arndt, Hiltrud Brauch, Hermann Brenner, Barbara Burwinkel, Jenny Chang-Claude, Anja Rudolph, Harold Surowy, German Cancer Research Center; Barbara Burwinkel and Harald Surowy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Natalia V. Bogdanova, Peter Hillemanns, Tjoung-Won Park-Simon, and Thilo Dörk, Hannover Medical School, Hannover; Hiltrud Brauch, Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart; Hiltrud Brauch, University of Tübingen, Tübingen; Thomas Brüning, Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum; Jenny Chang-Claude, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Peter A. Fasching and Lothar Haeberle, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen; Alfons Meindl, Technische Universität München, Munich; Rita K. Schmutzler, University Hospital of Cologne; Rita K. Schmutzler, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Marina Bermisheva, Ufa Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences; Elza Khusnutdinova, Bashkir State University, Ufa, Russia; Georgia Chenevix-Trench and Amanda B. Spurdle, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane; Graham G. Giles and Roger L. Milne, Cancer Council Victoria; Graham G. Giles, John L. Hopper, Roger L. Milne, and Melissa C. Southey, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Fergus J. Couch and Celine Vachon, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Kamila Czene, Per Hall, Annika Lindblom, and Sara Margolin, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Jonine Figueroa, Montserrat García-Closas, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; Henrik Flyger and Stig Bojesen, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev; Stig Bojesen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Eva Galle, University of Leuven; Eva Galle, Vesalius Research Center; Julie Soens, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium; Anna Jakubowska and Jan Lubinski, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, University of Eastern Finland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio; Taru A. Muranen and Heli Nevanlinna, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Vessela Kristensen, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet; Vessela Kristensen, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Polly A. Newcomb and Amy Trentham-Dietz, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; Polly A. Newcomb, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; and Kenneth Offit, Mark Robson, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Volker Arndt
- Marjanka K. Schmidt, Frans Hogervorst, Richard van Hien, Sten Cornelissen, Annegien Broeks, and Lizet van der Kolk, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital; Muriel A. Adank, Hanne Meijers, and Quinten Waisfisz, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam; Antoinette Hollestelle, Mieke Schutte, Maartje Hooning, and Caroline Seynaeve, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute; Ans van den Ouweland, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Rob A.E.M. Tollenaar, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Hoda Anton-Culver and Argyrios Ziogas, University of California, Irvine; Peter A. Fasching, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles; Esther M. John, Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont; Esther M. John, Alice S. Whittemore, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Natalia N. Antonenkova, N.N. Alexandrov Research Institute of Oncology and Medical Radiology, Minsk, Belarus; Antonis C. Antoniou, Manjeet K. Bolla, Andrew Lee, Alison M. Dunning, Paul D.P. Pharoah, Qin Wang, and Douglas F. Easton, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; Angela Cox and Simon S. Cross, University of Sheffield, Sheffield; Olivia Fletcher, Michael Jones, and Anthony Swerdlow, The Institute of Cancer Research; Julian Peto, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine; Elinor J. Sawyer, King's College London, London; Jonine Figueroa, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh; Ian Tomlinson, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Volker Arndt, Hiltrud Brauch, Hermann Brenner, Barbara Burwinkel, Jenny Chang-Claude, Anja Rudolph, Harold Surowy, German Cancer Research Center; Barbara Burwinkel and Harald Surowy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Natalia V. Bogdanova, Peter Hillemanns, Tjoung-Won Park-Simon, and Thilo Dörk, Hannover Medical School, Hannover; Hiltrud Brauch, Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart; Hiltrud Brauch, University of Tübingen, Tübingen; Thomas Brüning, Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum; Jenny Chang-Claude, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Peter A. Fasching and Lothar Haeberle, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen; Alfons Meindl, Technische Universität München, Munich; Rita K. Schmutzler, University Hospital of Cologne; Rita K. Schmutzler, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Marina Bermisheva, Ufa Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences; Elza Khusnutdinova, Bashkir State University, Ufa, Russia; Georgia Chenevix-Trench and Amanda B. Spurdle, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane; Graham G. Giles and Roger L. Milne, Cancer Council Victoria; Graham G. Giles, John L. Hopper, Roger L. Milne, and Melissa C. Southey, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Fergus J. Couch and Celine Vachon, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Kamila Czene, Per Hall, Annika Lindblom, and Sara Margolin, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Jonine Figueroa, Montserrat García-Closas, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; Henrik Flyger and Stig Bojesen, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev; Stig Bojesen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Eva Galle, University of Leuven; Eva Galle, Vesalius Research Center; Julie Soens, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium; Anna Jakubowska and Jan Lubinski, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, University of Eastern Finland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio; Taru A. Muranen and Heli Nevanlinna, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Vessela Kristensen, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet; Vessela Kristensen, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Polly A. Newcomb and Amy Trentham-Dietz, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; Polly A. Newcomb, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; and Kenneth Offit, Mark Robson, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Marina Bermisheva
- Marjanka K. Schmidt, Frans Hogervorst, Richard van Hien, Sten Cornelissen, Annegien Broeks, and Lizet van der Kolk, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital; Muriel A. Adank, Hanne Meijers, and Quinten Waisfisz, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam; Antoinette Hollestelle, Mieke Schutte, Maartje Hooning, and Caroline Seynaeve, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute; Ans van den Ouweland, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Rob A.E.M. Tollenaar, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Hoda Anton-Culver and Argyrios Ziogas, University of California, Irvine; Peter A. Fasching, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles; Esther M. John, Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont; Esther M. John, Alice S. Whittemore, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Natalia N. Antonenkova, N.N. Alexandrov Research Institute of Oncology and Medical Radiology, Minsk, Belarus; Antonis C. Antoniou, Manjeet K. Bolla, Andrew Lee, Alison M. Dunning, Paul D.P. Pharoah, Qin Wang, and Douglas F. Easton, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; Angela Cox and Simon S. Cross, University of Sheffield, Sheffield; Olivia Fletcher, Michael Jones, and Anthony Swerdlow, The Institute of Cancer Research; Julian Peto, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine; Elinor J. Sawyer, King's College London, London; Jonine Figueroa, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh; Ian Tomlinson, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Volker Arndt, Hiltrud Brauch, Hermann Brenner, Barbara Burwinkel, Jenny Chang-Claude, Anja Rudolph, Harold Surowy, German Cancer Research Center; Barbara Burwinkel and Harald Surowy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Natalia V. Bogdanova, Peter Hillemanns, Tjoung-Won Park-Simon, and Thilo Dörk, Hannover Medical School, Hannover; Hiltrud Brauch, Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart; Hiltrud Brauch, University of Tübingen, Tübingen; Thomas Brüning, Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum; Jenny Chang-Claude, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Peter A. Fasching and Lothar Haeberle, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen; Alfons Meindl, Technische Universität München, Munich; Rita K. Schmutzler, University Hospital of Cologne; Rita K. Schmutzler, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Marina Bermisheva, Ufa Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences; Elza Khusnutdinova, Bashkir State University, Ufa, Russia; Georgia Chenevix-Trench and Amanda B. Spurdle, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane; Graham G. Giles and Roger L. Milne, Cancer Council Victoria; Graham G. Giles, John L. Hopper, Roger L. Milne, and Melissa C. Southey, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Fergus J. Couch and Celine Vachon, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Kamila Czene, Per Hall, Annika Lindblom, and Sara Margolin, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Jonine Figueroa, Montserrat García-Closas, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; Henrik Flyger and Stig Bojesen, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev; Stig Bojesen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Eva Galle, University of Leuven; Eva Galle, Vesalius Research Center; Julie Soens, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium; Anna Jakubowska and Jan Lubinski, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, University of Eastern Finland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio; Taru A. Muranen and Heli Nevanlinna, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Vessela Kristensen, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet; Vessela Kristensen, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Polly A. Newcomb and Amy Trentham-Dietz, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; Polly A. Newcomb, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; and Kenneth Offit, Mark Robson, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Natalia V. Bogdanova
- Marjanka K. Schmidt, Frans Hogervorst, Richard van Hien, Sten Cornelissen, Annegien Broeks, and Lizet van der Kolk, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital; Muriel A. Adank, Hanne Meijers, and Quinten Waisfisz, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam; Antoinette Hollestelle, Mieke Schutte, Maartje Hooning, and Caroline Seynaeve, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute; Ans van den Ouweland, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Rob A.E.M. Tollenaar, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Hoda Anton-Culver and Argyrios Ziogas, University of California, Irvine; Peter A. Fasching, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles; Esther M. John, Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont; Esther M. John, Alice S. Whittemore, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Natalia N. Antonenkova, N.N. Alexandrov Research Institute of Oncology and Medical Radiology, Minsk, Belarus; Antonis C. Antoniou, Manjeet K. Bolla, Andrew Lee, Alison M. Dunning, Paul D.P. Pharoah, Qin Wang, and Douglas F. Easton, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; Angela Cox and Simon S. Cross, University of Sheffield, Sheffield; Olivia Fletcher, Michael Jones, and Anthony Swerdlow, The Institute of Cancer Research; Julian Peto, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine; Elinor J. Sawyer, King's College London, London; Jonine Figueroa, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh; Ian Tomlinson, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Volker Arndt, Hiltrud Brauch, Hermann Brenner, Barbara Burwinkel, Jenny Chang-Claude, Anja Rudolph, Harold Surowy, German Cancer Research Center; Barbara Burwinkel and Harald Surowy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Natalia V. Bogdanova, Peter Hillemanns, Tjoung-Won Park-Simon, and Thilo Dörk, Hannover Medical School, Hannover; Hiltrud Brauch, Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart; Hiltrud Brauch, University of Tübingen, Tübingen; Thomas Brüning, Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum; Jenny Chang-Claude, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Peter A. Fasching and Lothar Haeberle, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen; Alfons Meindl, Technische Universität München, Munich; Rita K. Schmutzler, University Hospital of Cologne; Rita K. Schmutzler, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Marina Bermisheva, Ufa Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences; Elza Khusnutdinova, Bashkir State University, Ufa, Russia; Georgia Chenevix-Trench and Amanda B. Spurdle, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane; Graham G. Giles and Roger L. Milne, Cancer Council Victoria; Graham G. Giles, John L. Hopper, Roger L. Milne, and Melissa C. Southey, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Fergus J. Couch and Celine Vachon, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Kamila Czene, Per Hall, Annika Lindblom, and Sara Margolin, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Jonine Figueroa, Montserrat García-Closas, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; Henrik Flyger and Stig Bojesen, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev; Stig Bojesen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Eva Galle, University of Leuven; Eva Galle, Vesalius Research Center; Julie Soens, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium; Anna Jakubowska and Jan Lubinski, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, University of Eastern Finland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio; Taru A. Muranen and Heli Nevanlinna, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Vessela Kristensen, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet; Vessela Kristensen, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Polly A. Newcomb and Amy Trentham-Dietz, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; Polly A. Newcomb, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; and Kenneth Offit, Mark Robson, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Manjeet K. Bolla
- Marjanka K. Schmidt, Frans Hogervorst, Richard van Hien, Sten Cornelissen, Annegien Broeks, and Lizet van der Kolk, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital; Muriel A. Adank, Hanne Meijers, and Quinten Waisfisz, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam; Antoinette Hollestelle, Mieke Schutte, Maartje Hooning, and Caroline Seynaeve, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute; Ans van den Ouweland, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Rob A.E.M. Tollenaar, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Hoda Anton-Culver and Argyrios Ziogas, University of California, Irvine; Peter A. Fasching, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles; Esther M. John, Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont; Esther M. John, Alice S. Whittemore, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Natalia N. Antonenkova, N.N. Alexandrov Research Institute of Oncology and Medical Radiology, Minsk, Belarus; Antonis C. Antoniou, Manjeet K. Bolla, Andrew Lee, Alison M. Dunning, Paul D.P. Pharoah, Qin Wang, and Douglas F. Easton, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; Angela Cox and Simon S. Cross, University of Sheffield, Sheffield; Olivia Fletcher, Michael Jones, and Anthony Swerdlow, The Institute of Cancer Research; Julian Peto, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine; Elinor J. Sawyer, King's College London, London; Jonine Figueroa, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh; Ian Tomlinson, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Volker Arndt, Hiltrud Brauch, Hermann Brenner, Barbara Burwinkel, Jenny Chang-Claude, Anja Rudolph, Harold Surowy, German Cancer Research Center; Barbara Burwinkel and Harald Surowy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Natalia V. Bogdanova, Peter Hillemanns, Tjoung-Won Park-Simon, and Thilo Dörk, Hannover Medical School, Hannover; Hiltrud Brauch, Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart; Hiltrud Brauch, University of Tübingen, Tübingen; Thomas Brüning, Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum; Jenny Chang-Claude, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Peter A. Fasching and Lothar Haeberle, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen; Alfons Meindl, Technische Universität München, Munich; Rita K. Schmutzler, University Hospital of Cologne; Rita K. Schmutzler, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Marina Bermisheva, Ufa Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences; Elza Khusnutdinova, Bashkir State University, Ufa, Russia; Georgia Chenevix-Trench and Amanda B. Spurdle, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane; Graham G. Giles and Roger L. Milne, Cancer Council Victoria; Graham G. Giles, John L. Hopper, Roger L. Milne, and Melissa C. Southey, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Fergus J. Couch and Celine Vachon, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Kamila Czene, Per Hall, Annika Lindblom, and Sara Margolin, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Jonine Figueroa, Montserrat García-Closas, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; Henrik Flyger and Stig Bojesen, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev; Stig Bojesen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Eva Galle, University of Leuven; Eva Galle, Vesalius Research Center; Julie Soens, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium; Anna Jakubowska and Jan Lubinski, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, University of Eastern Finland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio; Taru A. Muranen and Heli Nevanlinna, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Vessela Kristensen, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet; Vessela Kristensen, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Polly A. Newcomb and Amy Trentham-Dietz, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; Polly A. Newcomb, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; and Kenneth Offit, Mark Robson, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Hiltrud Brauch
- Marjanka K. Schmidt, Frans Hogervorst, Richard van Hien, Sten Cornelissen, Annegien Broeks, and Lizet van der Kolk, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital; Muriel A. Adank, Hanne Meijers, and Quinten Waisfisz, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam; Antoinette Hollestelle, Mieke Schutte, Maartje Hooning, and Caroline Seynaeve, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute; Ans van den Ouweland, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Rob A.E.M. Tollenaar, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Hoda Anton-Culver and Argyrios Ziogas, University of California, Irvine; Peter A. Fasching, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles; Esther M. John, Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont; Esther M. John, Alice S. Whittemore, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Natalia N. Antonenkova, N.N. Alexandrov Research Institute of Oncology and Medical Radiology, Minsk, Belarus; Antonis C. Antoniou, Manjeet K. Bolla, Andrew Lee, Alison M. Dunning, Paul D.P. Pharoah, Qin Wang, and Douglas F. Easton, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; Angela Cox and Simon S. Cross, University of Sheffield, Sheffield; Olivia Fletcher, Michael Jones, and Anthony Swerdlow, The Institute of Cancer Research; Julian Peto, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine; Elinor J. Sawyer, King's College London, London; Jonine Figueroa, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh; Ian Tomlinson, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Volker Arndt, Hiltrud Brauch, Hermann Brenner, Barbara Burwinkel, Jenny Chang-Claude, Anja Rudolph, Harold Surowy, German Cancer Research Center; Barbara Burwinkel and Harald Surowy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Natalia V. Bogdanova, Peter Hillemanns, Tjoung-Won Park-Simon, and Thilo Dörk, Hannover Medical School, Hannover; Hiltrud Brauch, Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart; Hiltrud Brauch, University of Tübingen, Tübingen; Thomas Brüning, Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum; Jenny Chang-Claude, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Peter A. Fasching and Lothar Haeberle, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen; Alfons Meindl, Technische Universität München, Munich; Rita K. Schmutzler, University Hospital of Cologne; Rita K. Schmutzler, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Marina Bermisheva, Ufa Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences; Elza Khusnutdinova, Bashkir State University, Ufa, Russia; Georgia Chenevix-Trench and Amanda B. Spurdle, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane; Graham G. Giles and Roger L. Milne, Cancer Council Victoria; Graham G. Giles, John L. Hopper, Roger L. Milne, and Melissa C. Southey, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Fergus J. Couch and Celine Vachon, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Kamila Czene, Per Hall, Annika Lindblom, and Sara Margolin, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Jonine Figueroa, Montserrat García-Closas, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; Henrik Flyger and Stig Bojesen, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev; Stig Bojesen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Eva Galle, University of Leuven; Eva Galle, Vesalius Research Center; Julie Soens, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium; Anna Jakubowska and Jan Lubinski, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, University of Eastern Finland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio; Taru A. Muranen and Heli Nevanlinna, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Vessela Kristensen, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet; Vessela Kristensen, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Polly A. Newcomb and Amy Trentham-Dietz, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; Polly A. Newcomb, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; and Kenneth Offit, Mark Robson, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Marjanka K. Schmidt, Frans Hogervorst, Richard van Hien, Sten Cornelissen, Annegien Broeks, and Lizet van der Kolk, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital; Muriel A. Adank, Hanne Meijers, and Quinten Waisfisz, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam; Antoinette Hollestelle, Mieke Schutte, Maartje Hooning, and Caroline Seynaeve, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute; Ans van den Ouweland, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Rob A.E.M. Tollenaar, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Hoda Anton-Culver and Argyrios Ziogas, University of California, Irvine; Peter A. Fasching, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles; Esther M. John, Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont; Esther M. John, Alice S. Whittemore, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Natalia N. Antonenkova, N.N. Alexandrov Research Institute of Oncology and Medical Radiology, Minsk, Belarus; Antonis C. Antoniou, Manjeet K. Bolla, Andrew Lee, Alison M. Dunning, Paul D.P. Pharoah, Qin Wang, and Douglas F. Easton, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; Angela Cox and Simon S. Cross, University of Sheffield, Sheffield; Olivia Fletcher, Michael Jones, and Anthony Swerdlow, The Institute of Cancer Research; Julian Peto, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine; Elinor J. Sawyer, King's College London, London; Jonine Figueroa, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh; Ian Tomlinson, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Volker Arndt, Hiltrud Brauch, Hermann Brenner, Barbara Burwinkel, Jenny Chang-Claude, Anja Rudolph, Harold Surowy, German Cancer Research Center; Barbara Burwinkel and Harald Surowy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Natalia V. Bogdanova, Peter Hillemanns, Tjoung-Won Park-Simon, and Thilo Dörk, Hannover Medical School, Hannover; Hiltrud Brauch, Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart; Hiltrud Brauch, University of Tübingen, Tübingen; Thomas Brüning, Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum; Jenny Chang-Claude, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Peter A. Fasching and Lothar Haeberle, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen; Alfons Meindl, Technische Universität München, Munich; Rita K. Schmutzler, University Hospital of Cologne; Rita K. Schmutzler, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Marina Bermisheva, Ufa Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences; Elza Khusnutdinova, Bashkir State University, Ufa, Russia; Georgia Chenevix-Trench and Amanda B. Spurdle, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane; Graham G. Giles and Roger L. Milne, Cancer Council Victoria; Graham G. Giles, John L. Hopper, Roger L. Milne, and Melissa C. Southey, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Fergus J. Couch and Celine Vachon, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Kamila Czene, Per Hall, Annika Lindblom, and Sara Margolin, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Jonine Figueroa, Montserrat García-Closas, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; Henrik Flyger and Stig Bojesen, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev; Stig Bojesen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Eva Galle, University of Leuven; Eva Galle, Vesalius Research Center; Julie Soens, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium; Anna Jakubowska and Jan Lubinski, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, University of Eastern Finland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio; Taru A. Muranen and Heli Nevanlinna, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Vessela Kristensen, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet; Vessela Kristensen, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Polly A. Newcomb and Amy Trentham-Dietz, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; Polly A. Newcomb, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; and Kenneth Offit, Mark Robson, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Thomas Brüning
- Marjanka K. Schmidt, Frans Hogervorst, Richard van Hien, Sten Cornelissen, Annegien Broeks, and Lizet van der Kolk, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital; Muriel A. Adank, Hanne Meijers, and Quinten Waisfisz, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam; Antoinette Hollestelle, Mieke Schutte, Maartje Hooning, and Caroline Seynaeve, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute; Ans van den Ouweland, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Rob A.E.M. Tollenaar, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Hoda Anton-Culver and Argyrios Ziogas, University of California, Irvine; Peter A. Fasching, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles; Esther M. John, Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont; Esther M. John, Alice S. Whittemore, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Natalia N. Antonenkova, N.N. Alexandrov Research Institute of Oncology and Medical Radiology, Minsk, Belarus; Antonis C. Antoniou, Manjeet K. Bolla, Andrew Lee, Alison M. Dunning, Paul D.P. Pharoah, Qin Wang, and Douglas F. Easton, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; Angela Cox and Simon S. Cross, University of Sheffield, Sheffield; Olivia Fletcher, Michael Jones, and Anthony Swerdlow, The Institute of Cancer Research; Julian Peto, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine; Elinor J. Sawyer, King's College London, London; Jonine Figueroa, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh; Ian Tomlinson, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Volker Arndt, Hiltrud Brauch, Hermann Brenner, Barbara Burwinkel, Jenny Chang-Claude, Anja Rudolph, Harold Surowy, German Cancer Research Center; Barbara Burwinkel and Harald Surowy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Natalia V. Bogdanova, Peter Hillemanns, Tjoung-Won Park-Simon, and Thilo Dörk, Hannover Medical School, Hannover; Hiltrud Brauch, Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart; Hiltrud Brauch, University of Tübingen, Tübingen; Thomas Brüning, Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum; Jenny Chang-Claude, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Peter A. Fasching and Lothar Haeberle, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen; Alfons Meindl, Technische Universität München, Munich; Rita K. Schmutzler, University Hospital of Cologne; Rita K. Schmutzler, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Marina Bermisheva, Ufa Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences; Elza Khusnutdinova, Bashkir State University, Ufa, Russia; Georgia Chenevix-Trench and Amanda B. Spurdle, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane; Graham G. Giles and Roger L. Milne, Cancer Council Victoria; Graham G. Giles, John L. Hopper, Roger L. Milne, and Melissa C. Southey, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Fergus J. Couch and Celine Vachon, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Kamila Czene, Per Hall, Annika Lindblom, and Sara Margolin, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Jonine Figueroa, Montserrat García-Closas, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; Henrik Flyger and Stig Bojesen, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev; Stig Bojesen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Eva Galle, University of Leuven; Eva Galle, Vesalius Research Center; Julie Soens, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium; Anna Jakubowska and Jan Lubinski, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, University of Eastern Finland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio; Taru A. Muranen and Heli Nevanlinna, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Vessela Kristensen, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet; Vessela Kristensen, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Polly A. Newcomb and Amy Trentham-Dietz, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; Polly A. Newcomb, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; and Kenneth Offit, Mark Robson, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Barbara Burwinkel
- Marjanka K. Schmidt, Frans Hogervorst, Richard van Hien, Sten Cornelissen, Annegien Broeks, and Lizet van der Kolk, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital; Muriel A. Adank, Hanne Meijers, and Quinten Waisfisz, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam; Antoinette Hollestelle, Mieke Schutte, Maartje Hooning, and Caroline Seynaeve, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute; Ans van den Ouweland, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Rob A.E.M. Tollenaar, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Hoda Anton-Culver and Argyrios Ziogas, University of California, Irvine; Peter A. Fasching, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles; Esther M. John, Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont; Esther M. John, Alice S. Whittemore, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Natalia N. Antonenkova, N.N. Alexandrov Research Institute of Oncology and Medical Radiology, Minsk, Belarus; Antonis C. Antoniou, Manjeet K. Bolla, Andrew Lee, Alison M. Dunning, Paul D.P. Pharoah, Qin Wang, and Douglas F. Easton, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; Angela Cox and Simon S. Cross, University of Sheffield, Sheffield; Olivia Fletcher, Michael Jones, and Anthony Swerdlow, The Institute of Cancer Research; Julian Peto, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine; Elinor J. Sawyer, King's College London, London; Jonine Figueroa, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh; Ian Tomlinson, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Volker Arndt, Hiltrud Brauch, Hermann Brenner, Barbara Burwinkel, Jenny Chang-Claude, Anja Rudolph, Harold Surowy, German Cancer Research Center; Barbara Burwinkel and Harald Surowy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Natalia V. Bogdanova, Peter Hillemanns, Tjoung-Won Park-Simon, and Thilo Dörk, Hannover Medical School, Hannover; Hiltrud Brauch, Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart; Hiltrud Brauch, University of Tübingen, Tübingen; Thomas Brüning, Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum; Jenny Chang-Claude, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Peter A. Fasching and Lothar Haeberle, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen; Alfons Meindl, Technische Universität München, Munich; Rita K. Schmutzler, University Hospital of Cologne; Rita K. Schmutzler, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Marina Bermisheva, Ufa Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences; Elza Khusnutdinova, Bashkir State University, Ufa, Russia; Georgia Chenevix-Trench and Amanda B. Spurdle, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane; Graham G. Giles and Roger L. Milne, Cancer Council Victoria; Graham G. Giles, John L. Hopper, Roger L. Milne, and Melissa C. Southey, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Fergus J. Couch and Celine Vachon, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Kamila Czene, Per Hall, Annika Lindblom, and Sara Margolin, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Jonine Figueroa, Montserrat García-Closas, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; Henrik Flyger and Stig Bojesen, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev; Stig Bojesen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Eva Galle, University of Leuven; Eva Galle, Vesalius Research Center; Julie Soens, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium; Anna Jakubowska and Jan Lubinski, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, University of Eastern Finland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio; Taru A. Muranen and Heli Nevanlinna, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Vessela Kristensen, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet; Vessela Kristensen, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Polly A. Newcomb and Amy Trentham-Dietz, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; Polly A. Newcomb, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; and Kenneth Offit, Mark Robson, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- Marjanka K. Schmidt, Frans Hogervorst, Richard van Hien, Sten Cornelissen, Annegien Broeks, and Lizet van der Kolk, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital; Muriel A. Adank, Hanne Meijers, and Quinten Waisfisz, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam; Antoinette Hollestelle, Mieke Schutte, Maartje Hooning, and Caroline Seynaeve, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute; Ans van den Ouweland, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Rob A.E.M. Tollenaar, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Hoda Anton-Culver and Argyrios Ziogas, University of California, Irvine; Peter A. Fasching, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles; Esther M. John, Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont; Esther M. John, Alice S. Whittemore, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Natalia N. Antonenkova, N.N. Alexandrov Research Institute of Oncology and Medical Radiology, Minsk, Belarus; Antonis C. Antoniou, Manjeet K. Bolla, Andrew Lee, Alison M. Dunning, Paul D.P. Pharoah, Qin Wang, and Douglas F. Easton, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; Angela Cox and Simon S. Cross, University of Sheffield, Sheffield; Olivia Fletcher, Michael Jones, and Anthony Swerdlow, The Institute of Cancer Research; Julian Peto, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine; Elinor J. Sawyer, King's College London, London; Jonine Figueroa, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh; Ian Tomlinson, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Volker Arndt, Hiltrud Brauch, Hermann Brenner, Barbara Burwinkel, Jenny Chang-Claude, Anja Rudolph, Harold Surowy, German Cancer Research Center; Barbara Burwinkel and Harald Surowy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Natalia V. Bogdanova, Peter Hillemanns, Tjoung-Won Park-Simon, and Thilo Dörk, Hannover Medical School, Hannover; Hiltrud Brauch, Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart; Hiltrud Brauch, University of Tübingen, Tübingen; Thomas Brüning, Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum; Jenny Chang-Claude, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Peter A. Fasching and Lothar Haeberle, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen; Alfons Meindl, Technische Universität München, Munich; Rita K. Schmutzler, University Hospital of Cologne; Rita K. Schmutzler, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Marina Bermisheva, Ufa Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences; Elza Khusnutdinova, Bashkir State University, Ufa, Russia; Georgia Chenevix-Trench and Amanda B. Spurdle, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane; Graham G. Giles and Roger L. Milne, Cancer Council Victoria; Graham G. Giles, John L. Hopper, Roger L. Milne, and Melissa C. Southey, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Fergus J. Couch and Celine Vachon, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Kamila Czene, Per Hall, Annika Lindblom, and Sara Margolin, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Jonine Figueroa, Montserrat García-Closas, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; Henrik Flyger and Stig Bojesen, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev; Stig Bojesen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Eva Galle, University of Leuven; Eva Galle, Vesalius Research Center; Julie Soens, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium; Anna Jakubowska and Jan Lubinski, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, University of Eastern Finland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio; Taru A. Muranen and Heli Nevanlinna, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Vessela Kristensen, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet; Vessela Kristensen, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Polly A. Newcomb and Amy Trentham-Dietz, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; Polly A. Newcomb, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; and Kenneth Offit, Mark Robson, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Georgia Chenevix-Trench
- Marjanka K. Schmidt, Frans Hogervorst, Richard van Hien, Sten Cornelissen, Annegien Broeks, and Lizet van der Kolk, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital; Muriel A. Adank, Hanne Meijers, and Quinten Waisfisz, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam; Antoinette Hollestelle, Mieke Schutte, Maartje Hooning, and Caroline Seynaeve, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute; Ans van den Ouweland, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Rob A.E.M. Tollenaar, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Hoda Anton-Culver and Argyrios Ziogas, University of California, Irvine; Peter A. Fasching, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles; Esther M. John, Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont; Esther M. John, Alice S. Whittemore, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Natalia N. Antonenkova, N.N. Alexandrov Research Institute of Oncology and Medical Radiology, Minsk, Belarus; Antonis C. Antoniou, Manjeet K. Bolla, Andrew Lee, Alison M. Dunning, Paul D.P. Pharoah, Qin Wang, and Douglas F. Easton, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; Angela Cox and Simon S. Cross, University of Sheffield, Sheffield; Olivia Fletcher, Michael Jones, and Anthony Swerdlow, The Institute of Cancer Research; Julian Peto, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine; Elinor J. Sawyer, King's College London, London; Jonine Figueroa, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh; Ian Tomlinson, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Volker Arndt, Hiltrud Brauch, Hermann Brenner, Barbara Burwinkel, Jenny Chang-Claude, Anja Rudolph, Harold Surowy, German Cancer Research Center; Barbara Burwinkel and Harald Surowy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Natalia V. Bogdanova, Peter Hillemanns, Tjoung-Won Park-Simon, and Thilo Dörk, Hannover Medical School, Hannover; Hiltrud Brauch, Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart; Hiltrud Brauch, University of Tübingen, Tübingen; Thomas Brüning, Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum; Jenny Chang-Claude, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Peter A. Fasching and Lothar Haeberle, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen; Alfons Meindl, Technische Universität München, Munich; Rita K. Schmutzler, University Hospital of Cologne; Rita K. Schmutzler, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Marina Bermisheva, Ufa Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences; Elza Khusnutdinova, Bashkir State University, Ufa, Russia; Georgia Chenevix-Trench and Amanda B. Spurdle, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane; Graham G. Giles and Roger L. Milne, Cancer Council Victoria; Graham G. Giles, John L. Hopper, Roger L. Milne, and Melissa C. Southey, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Fergus J. Couch and Celine Vachon, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Kamila Czene, Per Hall, Annika Lindblom, and Sara Margolin, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Jonine Figueroa, Montserrat García-Closas, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; Henrik Flyger and Stig Bojesen, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev; Stig Bojesen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Eva Galle, University of Leuven; Eva Galle, Vesalius Research Center; Julie Soens, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium; Anna Jakubowska and Jan Lubinski, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, University of Eastern Finland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio; Taru A. Muranen and Heli Nevanlinna, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Vessela Kristensen, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet; Vessela Kristensen, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Polly A. Newcomb and Amy Trentham-Dietz, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; Polly A. Newcomb, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; and Kenneth Offit, Mark Robson, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Fergus J. Couch
- Marjanka K. Schmidt, Frans Hogervorst, Richard van Hien, Sten Cornelissen, Annegien Broeks, and Lizet van der Kolk, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital; Muriel A. Adank, Hanne Meijers, and Quinten Waisfisz, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam; Antoinette Hollestelle, Mieke Schutte, Maartje Hooning, and Caroline Seynaeve, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute; Ans van den Ouweland, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Rob A.E.M. Tollenaar, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Hoda Anton-Culver and Argyrios Ziogas, University of California, Irvine; Peter A. Fasching, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles; Esther M. John, Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont; Esther M. John, Alice S. Whittemore, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Natalia N. Antonenkova, N.N. Alexandrov Research Institute of Oncology and Medical Radiology, Minsk, Belarus; Antonis C. Antoniou, Manjeet K. Bolla, Andrew Lee, Alison M. Dunning, Paul D.P. Pharoah, Qin Wang, and Douglas F. Easton, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; Angela Cox and Simon S. Cross, University of Sheffield, Sheffield; Olivia Fletcher, Michael Jones, and Anthony Swerdlow, The Institute of Cancer Research; Julian Peto, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine; Elinor J. Sawyer, King's College London, London; Jonine Figueroa, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh; Ian Tomlinson, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Volker Arndt, Hiltrud Brauch, Hermann Brenner, Barbara Burwinkel, Jenny Chang-Claude, Anja Rudolph, Harold Surowy, German Cancer Research Center; Barbara Burwinkel and Harald Surowy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Natalia V. Bogdanova, Peter Hillemanns, Tjoung-Won Park-Simon, and Thilo Dörk, Hannover Medical School, Hannover; Hiltrud Brauch, Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart; Hiltrud Brauch, University of Tübingen, Tübingen; Thomas Brüning, Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum; Jenny Chang-Claude, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Peter A. Fasching and Lothar Haeberle, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen; Alfons Meindl, Technische Universität München, Munich; Rita K. Schmutzler, University Hospital of Cologne; Rita K. Schmutzler, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Marina Bermisheva, Ufa Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences; Elza Khusnutdinova, Bashkir State University, Ufa, Russia; Georgia Chenevix-Trench and Amanda B. Spurdle, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane; Graham G. Giles and Roger L. Milne, Cancer Council Victoria; Graham G. Giles, John L. Hopper, Roger L. Milne, and Melissa C. Southey, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Fergus J. Couch and Celine Vachon, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Kamila Czene, Per Hall, Annika Lindblom, and Sara Margolin, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Jonine Figueroa, Montserrat García-Closas, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; Henrik Flyger and Stig Bojesen, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev; Stig Bojesen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Eva Galle, University of Leuven; Eva Galle, Vesalius Research Center; Julie Soens, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium; Anna Jakubowska and Jan Lubinski, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, University of Eastern Finland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio; Taru A. Muranen and Heli Nevanlinna, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Vessela Kristensen, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet; Vessela Kristensen, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Polly A. Newcomb and Amy Trentham-Dietz, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; Polly A. Newcomb, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; and Kenneth Offit, Mark Robson, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Angela Cox
- Marjanka K. Schmidt, Frans Hogervorst, Richard van Hien, Sten Cornelissen, Annegien Broeks, and Lizet van der Kolk, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital; Muriel A. Adank, Hanne Meijers, and Quinten Waisfisz, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam; Antoinette Hollestelle, Mieke Schutte, Maartje Hooning, and Caroline Seynaeve, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute; Ans van den Ouweland, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Rob A.E.M. Tollenaar, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Hoda Anton-Culver and Argyrios Ziogas, University of California, Irvine; Peter A. Fasching, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles; Esther M. John, Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont; Esther M. John, Alice S. Whittemore, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Natalia N. Antonenkova, N.N. Alexandrov Research Institute of Oncology and Medical Radiology, Minsk, Belarus; Antonis C. Antoniou, Manjeet K. Bolla, Andrew Lee, Alison M. Dunning, Paul D.P. Pharoah, Qin Wang, and Douglas F. Easton, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; Angela Cox and Simon S. Cross, University of Sheffield, Sheffield; Olivia Fletcher, Michael Jones, and Anthony Swerdlow, The Institute of Cancer Research; Julian Peto, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine; Elinor J. Sawyer, King's College London, London; Jonine Figueroa, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh; Ian Tomlinson, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Volker Arndt, Hiltrud Brauch, Hermann Brenner, Barbara Burwinkel, Jenny Chang-Claude, Anja Rudolph, Harold Surowy, German Cancer Research Center; Barbara Burwinkel and Harald Surowy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Natalia V. Bogdanova, Peter Hillemanns, Tjoung-Won Park-Simon, and Thilo Dörk, Hannover Medical School, Hannover; Hiltrud Brauch, Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart; Hiltrud Brauch, University of Tübingen, Tübingen; Thomas Brüning, Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum; Jenny Chang-Claude, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Peter A. Fasching and Lothar Haeberle, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen; Alfons Meindl, Technische Universität München, Munich; Rita K. Schmutzler, University Hospital of Cologne; Rita K. Schmutzler, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Marina Bermisheva, Ufa Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences; Elza Khusnutdinova, Bashkir State University, Ufa, Russia; Georgia Chenevix-Trench and Amanda B. Spurdle, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane; Graham G. Giles and Roger L. Milne, Cancer Council Victoria; Graham G. Giles, John L. Hopper, Roger L. Milne, and Melissa C. Southey, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Fergus J. Couch and Celine Vachon, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Kamila Czene, Per Hall, Annika Lindblom, and Sara Margolin, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Jonine Figueroa, Montserrat García-Closas, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; Henrik Flyger and Stig Bojesen, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev; Stig Bojesen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Eva Galle, University of Leuven; Eva Galle, Vesalius Research Center; Julie Soens, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium; Anna Jakubowska and Jan Lubinski, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, University of Eastern Finland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio; Taru A. Muranen and Heli Nevanlinna, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Vessela Kristensen, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet; Vessela Kristensen, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Polly A. Newcomb and Amy Trentham-Dietz, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; Polly A. Newcomb, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; and Kenneth Offit, Mark Robson, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Simon S. Cross
- Marjanka K. Schmidt, Frans Hogervorst, Richard van Hien, Sten Cornelissen, Annegien Broeks, and Lizet van der Kolk, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital; Muriel A. Adank, Hanne Meijers, and Quinten Waisfisz, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam; Antoinette Hollestelle, Mieke Schutte, Maartje Hooning, and Caroline Seynaeve, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute; Ans van den Ouweland, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Rob A.E.M. Tollenaar, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Hoda Anton-Culver and Argyrios Ziogas, University of California, Irvine; Peter A. Fasching, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles; Esther M. John, Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont; Esther M. John, Alice S. Whittemore, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Natalia N. Antonenkova, N.N. Alexandrov Research Institute of Oncology and Medical Radiology, Minsk, Belarus; Antonis C. Antoniou, Manjeet K. Bolla, Andrew Lee, Alison M. Dunning, Paul D.P. Pharoah, Qin Wang, and Douglas F. Easton, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; Angela Cox and Simon S. Cross, University of Sheffield, Sheffield; Olivia Fletcher, Michael Jones, and Anthony Swerdlow, The Institute of Cancer Research; Julian Peto, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine; Elinor J. Sawyer, King's College London, London; Jonine Figueroa, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh; Ian Tomlinson, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Volker Arndt, Hiltrud Brauch, Hermann Brenner, Barbara Burwinkel, Jenny Chang-Claude, Anja Rudolph, Harold Surowy, German Cancer Research Center; Barbara Burwinkel and Harald Surowy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Natalia V. Bogdanova, Peter Hillemanns, Tjoung-Won Park-Simon, and Thilo Dörk, Hannover Medical School, Hannover; Hiltrud Brauch, Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart; Hiltrud Brauch, University of Tübingen, Tübingen; Thomas Brüning, Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum; Jenny Chang-Claude, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Peter A. Fasching and Lothar Haeberle, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen; Alfons Meindl, Technische Universität München, Munich; Rita K. Schmutzler, University Hospital of Cologne; Rita K. Schmutzler, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Marina Bermisheva, Ufa Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences; Elza Khusnutdinova, Bashkir State University, Ufa, Russia; Georgia Chenevix-Trench and Amanda B. Spurdle, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane; Graham G. Giles and Roger L. Milne, Cancer Council Victoria; Graham G. Giles, John L. Hopper, Roger L. Milne, and Melissa C. Southey, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Fergus J. Couch and Celine Vachon, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Kamila Czene, Per Hall, Annika Lindblom, and Sara Margolin, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Jonine Figueroa, Montserrat García-Closas, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; Henrik Flyger and Stig Bojesen, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev; Stig Bojesen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Eva Galle, University of Leuven; Eva Galle, Vesalius Research Center; Julie Soens, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium; Anna Jakubowska and Jan Lubinski, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, University of Eastern Finland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio; Taru A. Muranen and Heli Nevanlinna, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Vessela Kristensen, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet; Vessela Kristensen, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Polly A. Newcomb and Amy Trentham-Dietz, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; Polly A. Newcomb, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; and Kenneth Offit, Mark Robson, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Kamila Czene
- Marjanka K. Schmidt, Frans Hogervorst, Richard van Hien, Sten Cornelissen, Annegien Broeks, and Lizet van der Kolk, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital; Muriel A. Adank, Hanne Meijers, and Quinten Waisfisz, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam; Antoinette Hollestelle, Mieke Schutte, Maartje Hooning, and Caroline Seynaeve, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute; Ans van den Ouweland, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Rob A.E.M. Tollenaar, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Hoda Anton-Culver and Argyrios Ziogas, University of California, Irvine; Peter A. Fasching, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles; Esther M. John, Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont; Esther M. John, Alice S. Whittemore, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Natalia N. Antonenkova, N.N. Alexandrov Research Institute of Oncology and Medical Radiology, Minsk, Belarus; Antonis C. Antoniou, Manjeet K. Bolla, Andrew Lee, Alison M. Dunning, Paul D.P. Pharoah, Qin Wang, and Douglas F. Easton, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; Angela Cox and Simon S. Cross, University of Sheffield, Sheffield; Olivia Fletcher, Michael Jones, and Anthony Swerdlow, The Institute of Cancer Research; Julian Peto, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine; Elinor J. Sawyer, King's College London, London; Jonine Figueroa, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh; Ian Tomlinson, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Volker Arndt, Hiltrud Brauch, Hermann Brenner, Barbara Burwinkel, Jenny Chang-Claude, Anja Rudolph, Harold Surowy, German Cancer Research Center; Barbara Burwinkel and Harald Surowy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Natalia V. Bogdanova, Peter Hillemanns, Tjoung-Won Park-Simon, and Thilo Dörk, Hannover Medical School, Hannover; Hiltrud Brauch, Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart; Hiltrud Brauch, University of Tübingen, Tübingen; Thomas Brüning, Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum; Jenny Chang-Claude, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Peter A. Fasching and Lothar Haeberle, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen; Alfons Meindl, Technische Universität München, Munich; Rita K. Schmutzler, University Hospital of Cologne; Rita K. Schmutzler, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Marina Bermisheva, Ufa Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences; Elza Khusnutdinova, Bashkir State University, Ufa, Russia; Georgia Chenevix-Trench and Amanda B. Spurdle, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane; Graham G. Giles and Roger L. Milne, Cancer Council Victoria; Graham G. Giles, John L. Hopper, Roger L. Milne, and Melissa C. Southey, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Fergus J. Couch and Celine Vachon, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Kamila Czene, Per Hall, Annika Lindblom, and Sara Margolin, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Jonine Figueroa, Montserrat García-Closas, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; Henrik Flyger and Stig Bojesen, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev; Stig Bojesen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Eva Galle, University of Leuven; Eva Galle, Vesalius Research Center; Julie Soens, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium; Anna Jakubowska and Jan Lubinski, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, University of Eastern Finland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio; Taru A. Muranen and Heli Nevanlinna, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Vessela Kristensen, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet; Vessela Kristensen, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Polly A. Newcomb and Amy Trentham-Dietz, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; Polly A. Newcomb, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; and Kenneth Offit, Mark Robson, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Alison M. Dunning
- Marjanka K. Schmidt, Frans Hogervorst, Richard van Hien, Sten Cornelissen, Annegien Broeks, and Lizet van der Kolk, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital; Muriel A. Adank, Hanne Meijers, and Quinten Waisfisz, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam; Antoinette Hollestelle, Mieke Schutte, Maartje Hooning, and Caroline Seynaeve, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute; Ans van den Ouweland, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Rob A.E.M. Tollenaar, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Hoda Anton-Culver and Argyrios Ziogas, University of California, Irvine; Peter A. Fasching, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles; Esther M. John, Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont; Esther M. John, Alice S. Whittemore, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Natalia N. Antonenkova, N.N. Alexandrov Research Institute of Oncology and Medical Radiology, Minsk, Belarus; Antonis C. Antoniou, Manjeet K. Bolla, Andrew Lee, Alison M. Dunning, Paul D.P. Pharoah, Qin Wang, and Douglas F. Easton, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; Angela Cox and Simon S. Cross, University of Sheffield, Sheffield; Olivia Fletcher, Michael Jones, and Anthony Swerdlow, The Institute of Cancer Research; Julian Peto, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine; Elinor J. Sawyer, King's College London, London; Jonine Figueroa, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh; Ian Tomlinson, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Volker Arndt, Hiltrud Brauch, Hermann Brenner, Barbara Burwinkel, Jenny Chang-Claude, Anja Rudolph, Harold Surowy, German Cancer Research Center; Barbara Burwinkel and Harald Surowy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Natalia V. Bogdanova, Peter Hillemanns, Tjoung-Won Park-Simon, and Thilo Dörk, Hannover Medical School, Hannover; Hiltrud Brauch, Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart; Hiltrud Brauch, University of Tübingen, Tübingen; Thomas Brüning, Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum; Jenny Chang-Claude, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Peter A. Fasching and Lothar Haeberle, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen; Alfons Meindl, Technische Universität München, Munich; Rita K. Schmutzler, University Hospital of Cologne; Rita K. Schmutzler, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Marina Bermisheva, Ufa Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences; Elza Khusnutdinova, Bashkir State University, Ufa, Russia; Georgia Chenevix-Trench and Amanda B. Spurdle, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane; Graham G. Giles and Roger L. Milne, Cancer Council Victoria; Graham G. Giles, John L. Hopper, Roger L. Milne, and Melissa C. Southey, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Fergus J. Couch and Celine Vachon, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Kamila Czene, Per Hall, Annika Lindblom, and Sara Margolin, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Jonine Figueroa, Montserrat García-Closas, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; Henrik Flyger and Stig Bojesen, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev; Stig Bojesen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Eva Galle, University of Leuven; Eva Galle, Vesalius Research Center; Julie Soens, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium; Anna Jakubowska and Jan Lubinski, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, University of Eastern Finland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio; Taru A. Muranen and Heli Nevanlinna, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Vessela Kristensen, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet; Vessela Kristensen, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Polly A. Newcomb and Amy Trentham-Dietz, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; Polly A. Newcomb, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; and Kenneth Offit, Mark Robson, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Peter A. Fasching
- Marjanka K. Schmidt, Frans Hogervorst, Richard van Hien, Sten Cornelissen, Annegien Broeks, and Lizet van der Kolk, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital; Muriel A. Adank, Hanne Meijers, and Quinten Waisfisz, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam; Antoinette Hollestelle, Mieke Schutte, Maartje Hooning, and Caroline Seynaeve, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute; Ans van den Ouweland, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Rob A.E.M. Tollenaar, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Hoda Anton-Culver and Argyrios Ziogas, University of California, Irvine; Peter A. Fasching, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles; Esther M. John, Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont; Esther M. John, Alice S. Whittemore, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Natalia N. Antonenkova, N.N. Alexandrov Research Institute of Oncology and Medical Radiology, Minsk, Belarus; Antonis C. Antoniou, Manjeet K. Bolla, Andrew Lee, Alison M. Dunning, Paul D.P. Pharoah, Qin Wang, and Douglas F. Easton, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; Angela Cox and Simon S. Cross, University of Sheffield, Sheffield; Olivia Fletcher, Michael Jones, and Anthony Swerdlow, The Institute of Cancer Research; Julian Peto, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine; Elinor J. Sawyer, King's College London, London; Jonine Figueroa, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh; Ian Tomlinson, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Volker Arndt, Hiltrud Brauch, Hermann Brenner, Barbara Burwinkel, Jenny Chang-Claude, Anja Rudolph, Harold Surowy, German Cancer Research Center; Barbara Burwinkel and Harald Surowy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Natalia V. Bogdanova, Peter Hillemanns, Tjoung-Won Park-Simon, and Thilo Dörk, Hannover Medical School, Hannover; Hiltrud Brauch, Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart; Hiltrud Brauch, University of Tübingen, Tübingen; Thomas Brüning, Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum; Jenny Chang-Claude, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Peter A. Fasching and Lothar Haeberle, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen; Alfons Meindl, Technische Universität München, Munich; Rita K. Schmutzler, University Hospital of Cologne; Rita K. Schmutzler, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Marina Bermisheva, Ufa Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences; Elza Khusnutdinova, Bashkir State University, Ufa, Russia; Georgia Chenevix-Trench and Amanda B. Spurdle, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane; Graham G. Giles and Roger L. Milne, Cancer Council Victoria; Graham G. Giles, John L. Hopper, Roger L. Milne, and Melissa C. Southey, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Fergus J. Couch and Celine Vachon, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Kamila Czene, Per Hall, Annika Lindblom, and Sara Margolin, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Jonine Figueroa, Montserrat García-Closas, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; Henrik Flyger and Stig Bojesen, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev; Stig Bojesen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Eva Galle, University of Leuven; Eva Galle, Vesalius Research Center; Julie Soens, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium; Anna Jakubowska and Jan Lubinski, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, University of Eastern Finland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio; Taru A. Muranen and Heli Nevanlinna, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Vessela Kristensen, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet; Vessela Kristensen, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Polly A. Newcomb and Amy Trentham-Dietz, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; Polly A. Newcomb, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; and Kenneth Offit, Mark Robson, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Jonine Figueroa
- Marjanka K. Schmidt, Frans Hogervorst, Richard van Hien, Sten Cornelissen, Annegien Broeks, and Lizet van der Kolk, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital; Muriel A. Adank, Hanne Meijers, and Quinten Waisfisz, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam; Antoinette Hollestelle, Mieke Schutte, Maartje Hooning, and Caroline Seynaeve, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute; Ans van den Ouweland, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Rob A.E.M. Tollenaar, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Hoda Anton-Culver and Argyrios Ziogas, University of California, Irvine; Peter A. Fasching, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles; Esther M. John, Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont; Esther M. John, Alice S. Whittemore, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Natalia N. Antonenkova, N.N. Alexandrov Research Institute of Oncology and Medical Radiology, Minsk, Belarus; Antonis C. Antoniou, Manjeet K. Bolla, Andrew Lee, Alison M. Dunning, Paul D.P. Pharoah, Qin Wang, and Douglas F. Easton, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; Angela Cox and Simon S. Cross, University of Sheffield, Sheffield; Olivia Fletcher, Michael Jones, and Anthony Swerdlow, The Institute of Cancer Research; Julian Peto, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine; Elinor J. Sawyer, King's College London, London; Jonine Figueroa, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh; Ian Tomlinson, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Volker Arndt, Hiltrud Brauch, Hermann Brenner, Barbara Burwinkel, Jenny Chang-Claude, Anja Rudolph, Harold Surowy, German Cancer Research Center; Barbara Burwinkel and Harald Surowy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Natalia V. Bogdanova, Peter Hillemanns, Tjoung-Won Park-Simon, and Thilo Dörk, Hannover Medical School, Hannover; Hiltrud Brauch, Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart; Hiltrud Brauch, University of Tübingen, Tübingen; Thomas Brüning, Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum; Jenny Chang-Claude, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Peter A. Fasching and Lothar Haeberle, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen; Alfons Meindl, Technische Universität München, Munich; Rita K. Schmutzler, University Hospital of Cologne; Rita K. Schmutzler, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Marina Bermisheva, Ufa Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences; Elza Khusnutdinova, Bashkir State University, Ufa, Russia; Georgia Chenevix-Trench and Amanda B. Spurdle, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane; Graham G. Giles and Roger L. Milne, Cancer Council Victoria; Graham G. Giles, John L. Hopper, Roger L. Milne, and Melissa C. Southey, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Fergus J. Couch and Celine Vachon, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Kamila Czene, Per Hall, Annika Lindblom, and Sara Margolin, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Jonine Figueroa, Montserrat García-Closas, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; Henrik Flyger and Stig Bojesen, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev; Stig Bojesen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Eva Galle, University of Leuven; Eva Galle, Vesalius Research Center; Julie Soens, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium; Anna Jakubowska and Jan Lubinski, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, University of Eastern Finland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio; Taru A. Muranen and Heli Nevanlinna, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Vessela Kristensen, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet; Vessela Kristensen, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Polly A. Newcomb and Amy Trentham-Dietz, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; Polly A. Newcomb, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; and Kenneth Offit, Mark Robson, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Olivia Fletcher
- Marjanka K. Schmidt, Frans Hogervorst, Richard van Hien, Sten Cornelissen, Annegien Broeks, and Lizet van der Kolk, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital; Muriel A. Adank, Hanne Meijers, and Quinten Waisfisz, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam; Antoinette Hollestelle, Mieke Schutte, Maartje Hooning, and Caroline Seynaeve, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute; Ans van den Ouweland, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Rob A.E.M. Tollenaar, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Hoda Anton-Culver and Argyrios Ziogas, University of California, Irvine; Peter A. Fasching, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles; Esther M. John, Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont; Esther M. John, Alice S. Whittemore, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Natalia N. Antonenkova, N.N. Alexandrov Research Institute of Oncology and Medical Radiology, Minsk, Belarus; Antonis C. Antoniou, Manjeet K. Bolla, Andrew Lee, Alison M. Dunning, Paul D.P. Pharoah, Qin Wang, and Douglas F. Easton, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; Angela Cox and Simon S. Cross, University of Sheffield, Sheffield; Olivia Fletcher, Michael Jones, and Anthony Swerdlow, The Institute of Cancer Research; Julian Peto, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine; Elinor J. Sawyer, King's College London, London; Jonine Figueroa, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh; Ian Tomlinson, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Volker Arndt, Hiltrud Brauch, Hermann Brenner, Barbara Burwinkel, Jenny Chang-Claude, Anja Rudolph, Harold Surowy, German Cancer Research Center; Barbara Burwinkel and Harald Surowy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Natalia V. Bogdanova, Peter Hillemanns, Tjoung-Won Park-Simon, and Thilo Dörk, Hannover Medical School, Hannover; Hiltrud Brauch, Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart; Hiltrud Brauch, University of Tübingen, Tübingen; Thomas Brüning, Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum; Jenny Chang-Claude, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Peter A. Fasching and Lothar Haeberle, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen; Alfons Meindl, Technische Universität München, Munich; Rita K. Schmutzler, University Hospital of Cologne; Rita K. Schmutzler, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Marina Bermisheva, Ufa Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences; Elza Khusnutdinova, Bashkir State University, Ufa, Russia; Georgia Chenevix-Trench and Amanda B. Spurdle, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane; Graham G. Giles and Roger L. Milne, Cancer Council Victoria; Graham G. Giles, John L. Hopper, Roger L. Milne, and Melissa C. Southey, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Fergus J. Couch and Celine Vachon, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Kamila Czene, Per Hall, Annika Lindblom, and Sara Margolin, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Jonine Figueroa, Montserrat García-Closas, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; Henrik Flyger and Stig Bojesen, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev; Stig Bojesen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Eva Galle, University of Leuven; Eva Galle, Vesalius Research Center; Julie Soens, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium; Anna Jakubowska and Jan Lubinski, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, University of Eastern Finland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio; Taru A. Muranen and Heli Nevanlinna, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Vessela Kristensen, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet; Vessela Kristensen, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Polly A. Newcomb and Amy Trentham-Dietz, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; Polly A. Newcomb, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; and Kenneth Offit, Mark Robson, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Henrik Flyger
- Marjanka K. Schmidt, Frans Hogervorst, Richard van Hien, Sten Cornelissen, Annegien Broeks, and Lizet van der Kolk, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital; Muriel A. Adank, Hanne Meijers, and Quinten Waisfisz, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam; Antoinette Hollestelle, Mieke Schutte, Maartje Hooning, and Caroline Seynaeve, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute; Ans van den Ouweland, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Rob A.E.M. Tollenaar, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Hoda Anton-Culver and Argyrios Ziogas, University of California, Irvine; Peter A. Fasching, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles; Esther M. John, Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont; Esther M. John, Alice S. Whittemore, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Natalia N. Antonenkova, N.N. Alexandrov Research Institute of Oncology and Medical Radiology, Minsk, Belarus; Antonis C. Antoniou, Manjeet K. Bolla, Andrew Lee, Alison M. Dunning, Paul D.P. Pharoah, Qin Wang, and Douglas F. Easton, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; Angela Cox and Simon S. Cross, University of Sheffield, Sheffield; Olivia Fletcher, Michael Jones, and Anthony Swerdlow, The Institute of Cancer Research; Julian Peto, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine; Elinor J. Sawyer, King's College London, London; Jonine Figueroa, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh; Ian Tomlinson, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Volker Arndt, Hiltrud Brauch, Hermann Brenner, Barbara Burwinkel, Jenny Chang-Claude, Anja Rudolph, Harold Surowy, German Cancer Research Center; Barbara Burwinkel and Harald Surowy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Natalia V. Bogdanova, Peter Hillemanns, Tjoung-Won Park-Simon, and Thilo Dörk, Hannover Medical School, Hannover; Hiltrud Brauch, Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart; Hiltrud Brauch, University of Tübingen, Tübingen; Thomas Brüning, Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum; Jenny Chang-Claude, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Peter A. Fasching and Lothar Haeberle, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen; Alfons Meindl, Technische Universität München, Munich; Rita K. Schmutzler, University Hospital of Cologne; Rita K. Schmutzler, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Marina Bermisheva, Ufa Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences; Elza Khusnutdinova, Bashkir State University, Ufa, Russia; Georgia Chenevix-Trench and Amanda B. Spurdle, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane; Graham G. Giles and Roger L. Milne, Cancer Council Victoria; Graham G. Giles, John L. Hopper, Roger L. Milne, and Melissa C. Southey, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Fergus J. Couch and Celine Vachon, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Kamila Czene, Per Hall, Annika Lindblom, and Sara Margolin, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Jonine Figueroa, Montserrat García-Closas, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; Henrik Flyger and Stig Bojesen, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev; Stig Bojesen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Eva Galle, University of Leuven; Eva Galle, Vesalius Research Center; Julie Soens, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium; Anna Jakubowska and Jan Lubinski, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, University of Eastern Finland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio; Taru A. Muranen and Heli Nevanlinna, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Vessela Kristensen, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet; Vessela Kristensen, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Polly A. Newcomb and Amy Trentham-Dietz, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; Polly A. Newcomb, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; and Kenneth Offit, Mark Robson, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Eva Galle
- Marjanka K. Schmidt, Frans Hogervorst, Richard van Hien, Sten Cornelissen, Annegien Broeks, and Lizet van der Kolk, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital; Muriel A. Adank, Hanne Meijers, and Quinten Waisfisz, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam; Antoinette Hollestelle, Mieke Schutte, Maartje Hooning, and Caroline Seynaeve, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute; Ans van den Ouweland, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Rob A.E.M. Tollenaar, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Hoda Anton-Culver and Argyrios Ziogas, University of California, Irvine; Peter A. Fasching, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles; Esther M. John, Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont; Esther M. John, Alice S. Whittemore, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Natalia N. Antonenkova, N.N. Alexandrov Research Institute of Oncology and Medical Radiology, Minsk, Belarus; Antonis C. Antoniou, Manjeet K. Bolla, Andrew Lee, Alison M. Dunning, Paul D.P. Pharoah, Qin Wang, and Douglas F. Easton, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; Angela Cox and Simon S. Cross, University of Sheffield, Sheffield; Olivia Fletcher, Michael Jones, and Anthony Swerdlow, The Institute of Cancer Research; Julian Peto, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine; Elinor J. Sawyer, King's College London, London; Jonine Figueroa, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh; Ian Tomlinson, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Volker Arndt, Hiltrud Brauch, Hermann Brenner, Barbara Burwinkel, Jenny Chang-Claude, Anja Rudolph, Harold Surowy, German Cancer Research Center; Barbara Burwinkel and Harald Surowy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Natalia V. Bogdanova, Peter Hillemanns, Tjoung-Won Park-Simon, and Thilo Dörk, Hannover Medical School, Hannover; Hiltrud Brauch, Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart; Hiltrud Brauch, University of Tübingen, Tübingen; Thomas Brüning, Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum; Jenny Chang-Claude, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Peter A. Fasching and Lothar Haeberle, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen; Alfons Meindl, Technische Universität München, Munich; Rita K. Schmutzler, University Hospital of Cologne; Rita K. Schmutzler, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Marina Bermisheva, Ufa Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences; Elza Khusnutdinova, Bashkir State University, Ufa, Russia; Georgia Chenevix-Trench and Amanda B. Spurdle, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane; Graham G. Giles and Roger L. Milne, Cancer Council Victoria; Graham G. Giles, John L. Hopper, Roger L. Milne, and Melissa C. Southey, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Fergus J. Couch and Celine Vachon, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Kamila Czene, Per Hall, Annika Lindblom, and Sara Margolin, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Jonine Figueroa, Montserrat García-Closas, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; Henrik Flyger and Stig Bojesen, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev; Stig Bojesen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Eva Galle, University of Leuven; Eva Galle, Vesalius Research Center; Julie Soens, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium; Anna Jakubowska and Jan Lubinski, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, University of Eastern Finland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio; Taru A. Muranen and Heli Nevanlinna, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Vessela Kristensen, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet; Vessela Kristensen, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Polly A. Newcomb and Amy Trentham-Dietz, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; Polly A. Newcomb, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; and Kenneth Offit, Mark Robson, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Montserrat García-Closas
- Marjanka K. Schmidt, Frans Hogervorst, Richard van Hien, Sten Cornelissen, Annegien Broeks, and Lizet van der Kolk, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital; Muriel A. Adank, Hanne Meijers, and Quinten Waisfisz, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam; Antoinette Hollestelle, Mieke Schutte, Maartje Hooning, and Caroline Seynaeve, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute; Ans van den Ouweland, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Rob A.E.M. Tollenaar, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Hoda Anton-Culver and Argyrios Ziogas, University of California, Irvine; Peter A. Fasching, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles; Esther M. John, Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont; Esther M. John, Alice S. Whittemore, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Natalia N. Antonenkova, N.N. Alexandrov Research Institute of Oncology and Medical Radiology, Minsk, Belarus; Antonis C. Antoniou, Manjeet K. Bolla, Andrew Lee, Alison M. Dunning, Paul D.P. Pharoah, Qin Wang, and Douglas F. Easton, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; Angela Cox and Simon S. Cross, University of Sheffield, Sheffield; Olivia Fletcher, Michael Jones, and Anthony Swerdlow, The Institute of Cancer Research; Julian Peto, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine; Elinor J. Sawyer, King's College London, London; Jonine Figueroa, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh; Ian Tomlinson, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Volker Arndt, Hiltrud Brauch, Hermann Brenner, Barbara Burwinkel, Jenny Chang-Claude, Anja Rudolph, Harold Surowy, German Cancer Research Center; Barbara Burwinkel and Harald Surowy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Natalia V. Bogdanova, Peter Hillemanns, Tjoung-Won Park-Simon, and Thilo Dörk, Hannover Medical School, Hannover; Hiltrud Brauch, Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart; Hiltrud Brauch, University of Tübingen, Tübingen; Thomas Brüning, Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum; Jenny Chang-Claude, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Peter A. Fasching and Lothar Haeberle, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen; Alfons Meindl, Technische Universität München, Munich; Rita K. Schmutzler, University Hospital of Cologne; Rita K. Schmutzler, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Marina Bermisheva, Ufa Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences; Elza Khusnutdinova, Bashkir State University, Ufa, Russia; Georgia Chenevix-Trench and Amanda B. Spurdle, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane; Graham G. Giles and Roger L. Milne, Cancer Council Victoria; Graham G. Giles, John L. Hopper, Roger L. Milne, and Melissa C. Southey, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Fergus J. Couch and Celine Vachon, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Kamila Czene, Per Hall, Annika Lindblom, and Sara Margolin, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Jonine Figueroa, Montserrat García-Closas, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; Henrik Flyger and Stig Bojesen, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev; Stig Bojesen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Eva Galle, University of Leuven; Eva Galle, Vesalius Research Center; Julie Soens, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium; Anna Jakubowska and Jan Lubinski, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, University of Eastern Finland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio; Taru A. Muranen and Heli Nevanlinna, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Vessela Kristensen, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet; Vessela Kristensen, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Polly A. Newcomb and Amy Trentham-Dietz, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; Polly A. Newcomb, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; and Kenneth Offit, Mark Robson, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Graham G. Giles
- Marjanka K. Schmidt, Frans Hogervorst, Richard van Hien, Sten Cornelissen, Annegien Broeks, and Lizet van der Kolk, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital; Muriel A. Adank, Hanne Meijers, and Quinten Waisfisz, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam; Antoinette Hollestelle, Mieke Schutte, Maartje Hooning, and Caroline Seynaeve, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute; Ans van den Ouweland, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Rob A.E.M. Tollenaar, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Hoda Anton-Culver and Argyrios Ziogas, University of California, Irvine; Peter A. Fasching, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles; Esther M. John, Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont; Esther M. John, Alice S. Whittemore, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Natalia N. Antonenkova, N.N. Alexandrov Research Institute of Oncology and Medical Radiology, Minsk, Belarus; Antonis C. Antoniou, Manjeet K. Bolla, Andrew Lee, Alison M. Dunning, Paul D.P. Pharoah, Qin Wang, and Douglas F. Easton, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; Angela Cox and Simon S. Cross, University of Sheffield, Sheffield; Olivia Fletcher, Michael Jones, and Anthony Swerdlow, The Institute of Cancer Research; Julian Peto, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine; Elinor J. Sawyer, King's College London, London; Jonine Figueroa, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh; Ian Tomlinson, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Volker Arndt, Hiltrud Brauch, Hermann Brenner, Barbara Burwinkel, Jenny Chang-Claude, Anja Rudolph, Harold Surowy, German Cancer Research Center; Barbara Burwinkel and Harald Surowy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Natalia V. Bogdanova, Peter Hillemanns, Tjoung-Won Park-Simon, and Thilo Dörk, Hannover Medical School, Hannover; Hiltrud Brauch, Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart; Hiltrud Brauch, University of Tübingen, Tübingen; Thomas Brüning, Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum; Jenny Chang-Claude, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Peter A. Fasching and Lothar Haeberle, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen; Alfons Meindl, Technische Universität München, Munich; Rita K. Schmutzler, University Hospital of Cologne; Rita K. Schmutzler, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Marina Bermisheva, Ufa Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences; Elza Khusnutdinova, Bashkir State University, Ufa, Russia; Georgia Chenevix-Trench and Amanda B. Spurdle, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane; Graham G. Giles and Roger L. Milne, Cancer Council Victoria; Graham G. Giles, John L. Hopper, Roger L. Milne, and Melissa C. Southey, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Fergus J. Couch and Celine Vachon, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Kamila Czene, Per Hall, Annika Lindblom, and Sara Margolin, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Jonine Figueroa, Montserrat García-Closas, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; Henrik Flyger and Stig Bojesen, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev; Stig Bojesen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Eva Galle, University of Leuven; Eva Galle, Vesalius Research Center; Julie Soens, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium; Anna Jakubowska and Jan Lubinski, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, University of Eastern Finland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio; Taru A. Muranen and Heli Nevanlinna, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Vessela Kristensen, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet; Vessela Kristensen, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Polly A. Newcomb and Amy Trentham-Dietz, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; Polly A. Newcomb, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; and Kenneth Offit, Mark Robson, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Lothar Haeberle
- Marjanka K. Schmidt, Frans Hogervorst, Richard van Hien, Sten Cornelissen, Annegien Broeks, and Lizet van der Kolk, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital; Muriel A. Adank, Hanne Meijers, and Quinten Waisfisz, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam; Antoinette Hollestelle, Mieke Schutte, Maartje Hooning, and Caroline Seynaeve, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute; Ans van den Ouweland, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Rob A.E.M. Tollenaar, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Hoda Anton-Culver and Argyrios Ziogas, University of California, Irvine; Peter A. Fasching, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles; Esther M. John, Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont; Esther M. John, Alice S. Whittemore, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Natalia N. Antonenkova, N.N. Alexandrov Research Institute of Oncology and Medical Radiology, Minsk, Belarus; Antonis C. Antoniou, Manjeet K. Bolla, Andrew Lee, Alison M. Dunning, Paul D.P. Pharoah, Qin Wang, and Douglas F. Easton, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; Angela Cox and Simon S. Cross, University of Sheffield, Sheffield; Olivia Fletcher, Michael Jones, and Anthony Swerdlow, The Institute of Cancer Research; Julian Peto, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine; Elinor J. Sawyer, King's College London, London; Jonine Figueroa, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh; Ian Tomlinson, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Volker Arndt, Hiltrud Brauch, Hermann Brenner, Barbara Burwinkel, Jenny Chang-Claude, Anja Rudolph, Harold Surowy, German Cancer Research Center; Barbara Burwinkel and Harald Surowy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Natalia V. Bogdanova, Peter Hillemanns, Tjoung-Won Park-Simon, and Thilo Dörk, Hannover Medical School, Hannover; Hiltrud Brauch, Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart; Hiltrud Brauch, University of Tübingen, Tübingen; Thomas Brüning, Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum; Jenny Chang-Claude, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Peter A. Fasching and Lothar Haeberle, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen; Alfons Meindl, Technische Universität München, Munich; Rita K. Schmutzler, University Hospital of Cologne; Rita K. Schmutzler, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Marina Bermisheva, Ufa Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences; Elza Khusnutdinova, Bashkir State University, Ufa, Russia; Georgia Chenevix-Trench and Amanda B. Spurdle, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane; Graham G. Giles and Roger L. Milne, Cancer Council Victoria; Graham G. Giles, John L. Hopper, Roger L. Milne, and Melissa C. Southey, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Fergus J. Couch and Celine Vachon, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Kamila Czene, Per Hall, Annika Lindblom, and Sara Margolin, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Jonine Figueroa, Montserrat García-Closas, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; Henrik Flyger and Stig Bojesen, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev; Stig Bojesen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Eva Galle, University of Leuven; Eva Galle, Vesalius Research Center; Julie Soens, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium; Anna Jakubowska and Jan Lubinski, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, University of Eastern Finland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio; Taru A. Muranen and Heli Nevanlinna, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Vessela Kristensen, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet; Vessela Kristensen, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Polly A. Newcomb and Amy Trentham-Dietz, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; Polly A. Newcomb, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; and Kenneth Offit, Mark Robson, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Per Hall
- Marjanka K. Schmidt, Frans Hogervorst, Richard van Hien, Sten Cornelissen, Annegien Broeks, and Lizet van der Kolk, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital; Muriel A. Adank, Hanne Meijers, and Quinten Waisfisz, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam; Antoinette Hollestelle, Mieke Schutte, Maartje Hooning, and Caroline Seynaeve, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute; Ans van den Ouweland, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Rob A.E.M. Tollenaar, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Hoda Anton-Culver and Argyrios Ziogas, University of California, Irvine; Peter A. Fasching, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles; Esther M. John, Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont; Esther M. John, Alice S. Whittemore, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Natalia N. Antonenkova, N.N. Alexandrov Research Institute of Oncology and Medical Radiology, Minsk, Belarus; Antonis C. Antoniou, Manjeet K. Bolla, Andrew Lee, Alison M. Dunning, Paul D.P. Pharoah, Qin Wang, and Douglas F. Easton, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; Angela Cox and Simon S. Cross, University of Sheffield, Sheffield; Olivia Fletcher, Michael Jones, and Anthony Swerdlow, The Institute of Cancer Research; Julian Peto, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine; Elinor J. Sawyer, King's College London, London; Jonine Figueroa, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh; Ian Tomlinson, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Volker Arndt, Hiltrud Brauch, Hermann Brenner, Barbara Burwinkel, Jenny Chang-Claude, Anja Rudolph, Harold Surowy, German Cancer Research Center; Barbara Burwinkel and Harald Surowy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Natalia V. Bogdanova, Peter Hillemanns, Tjoung-Won Park-Simon, and Thilo Dörk, Hannover Medical School, Hannover; Hiltrud Brauch, Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart; Hiltrud Brauch, University of Tübingen, Tübingen; Thomas Brüning, Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum; Jenny Chang-Claude, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Peter A. Fasching and Lothar Haeberle, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen; Alfons Meindl, Technische Universität München, Munich; Rita K. Schmutzler, University Hospital of Cologne; Rita K. Schmutzler, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Marina Bermisheva, Ufa Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences; Elza Khusnutdinova, Bashkir State University, Ufa, Russia; Georgia Chenevix-Trench and Amanda B. Spurdle, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane; Graham G. Giles and Roger L. Milne, Cancer Council Victoria; Graham G. Giles, John L. Hopper, Roger L. Milne, and Melissa C. Southey, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Fergus J. Couch and Celine Vachon, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Kamila Czene, Per Hall, Annika Lindblom, and Sara Margolin, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Jonine Figueroa, Montserrat García-Closas, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; Henrik Flyger and Stig Bojesen, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev; Stig Bojesen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Eva Galle, University of Leuven; Eva Galle, Vesalius Research Center; Julie Soens, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium; Anna Jakubowska and Jan Lubinski, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, University of Eastern Finland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio; Taru A. Muranen and Heli Nevanlinna, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Vessela Kristensen, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet; Vessela Kristensen, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Polly A. Newcomb and Amy Trentham-Dietz, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; Polly A. Newcomb, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; and Kenneth Offit, Mark Robson, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Peter Hillemanns
- Marjanka K. Schmidt, Frans Hogervorst, Richard van Hien, Sten Cornelissen, Annegien Broeks, and Lizet van der Kolk, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital; Muriel A. Adank, Hanne Meijers, and Quinten Waisfisz, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam; Antoinette Hollestelle, Mieke Schutte, Maartje Hooning, and Caroline Seynaeve, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute; Ans van den Ouweland, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Rob A.E.M. Tollenaar, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Hoda Anton-Culver and Argyrios Ziogas, University of California, Irvine; Peter A. Fasching, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles; Esther M. John, Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont; Esther M. John, Alice S. Whittemore, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Natalia N. Antonenkova, N.N. Alexandrov Research Institute of Oncology and Medical Radiology, Minsk, Belarus; Antonis C. Antoniou, Manjeet K. Bolla, Andrew Lee, Alison M. Dunning, Paul D.P. Pharoah, Qin Wang, and Douglas F. Easton, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; Angela Cox and Simon S. Cross, University of Sheffield, Sheffield; Olivia Fletcher, Michael Jones, and Anthony Swerdlow, The Institute of Cancer Research; Julian Peto, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine; Elinor J. Sawyer, King's College London, London; Jonine Figueroa, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh; Ian Tomlinson, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Volker Arndt, Hiltrud Brauch, Hermann Brenner, Barbara Burwinkel, Jenny Chang-Claude, Anja Rudolph, Harold Surowy, German Cancer Research Center; Barbara Burwinkel and Harald Surowy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Natalia V. Bogdanova, Peter Hillemanns, Tjoung-Won Park-Simon, and Thilo Dörk, Hannover Medical School, Hannover; Hiltrud Brauch, Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart; Hiltrud Brauch, University of Tübingen, Tübingen; Thomas Brüning, Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum; Jenny Chang-Claude, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Peter A. Fasching and Lothar Haeberle, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen; Alfons Meindl, Technische Universität München, Munich; Rita K. Schmutzler, University Hospital of Cologne; Rita K. Schmutzler, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Marina Bermisheva, Ufa Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences; Elza Khusnutdinova, Bashkir State University, Ufa, Russia; Georgia Chenevix-Trench and Amanda B. Spurdle, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane; Graham G. Giles and Roger L. Milne, Cancer Council Victoria; Graham G. Giles, John L. Hopper, Roger L. Milne, and Melissa C. Southey, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Fergus J. Couch and Celine Vachon, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Kamila Czene, Per Hall, Annika Lindblom, and Sara Margolin, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Jonine Figueroa, Montserrat García-Closas, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; Henrik Flyger and Stig Bojesen, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev; Stig Bojesen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Eva Galle, University of Leuven; Eva Galle, Vesalius Research Center; Julie Soens, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium; Anna Jakubowska and Jan Lubinski, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, University of Eastern Finland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio; Taru A. Muranen and Heli Nevanlinna, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Vessela Kristensen, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet; Vessela Kristensen, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Polly A. Newcomb and Amy Trentham-Dietz, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; Polly A. Newcomb, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; and Kenneth Offit, Mark Robson, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - John L. Hopper
- Marjanka K. Schmidt, Frans Hogervorst, Richard van Hien, Sten Cornelissen, Annegien Broeks, and Lizet van der Kolk, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital; Muriel A. Adank, Hanne Meijers, and Quinten Waisfisz, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam; Antoinette Hollestelle, Mieke Schutte, Maartje Hooning, and Caroline Seynaeve, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute; Ans van den Ouweland, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Rob A.E.M. Tollenaar, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Hoda Anton-Culver and Argyrios Ziogas, University of California, Irvine; Peter A. Fasching, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles; Esther M. John, Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont; Esther M. John, Alice S. Whittemore, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Natalia N. Antonenkova, N.N. Alexandrov Research Institute of Oncology and Medical Radiology, Minsk, Belarus; Antonis C. Antoniou, Manjeet K. Bolla, Andrew Lee, Alison M. Dunning, Paul D.P. Pharoah, Qin Wang, and Douglas F. Easton, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; Angela Cox and Simon S. Cross, University of Sheffield, Sheffield; Olivia Fletcher, Michael Jones, and Anthony Swerdlow, The Institute of Cancer Research; Julian Peto, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine; Elinor J. Sawyer, King's College London, London; Jonine Figueroa, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh; Ian Tomlinson, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Volker Arndt, Hiltrud Brauch, Hermann Brenner, Barbara Burwinkel, Jenny Chang-Claude, Anja Rudolph, Harold Surowy, German Cancer Research Center; Barbara Burwinkel and Harald Surowy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Natalia V. Bogdanova, Peter Hillemanns, Tjoung-Won Park-Simon, and Thilo Dörk, Hannover Medical School, Hannover; Hiltrud Brauch, Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart; Hiltrud Brauch, University of Tübingen, Tübingen; Thomas Brüning, Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum; Jenny Chang-Claude, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Peter A. Fasching and Lothar Haeberle, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen; Alfons Meindl, Technische Universität München, Munich; Rita K. Schmutzler, University Hospital of Cologne; Rita K. Schmutzler, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Marina Bermisheva, Ufa Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences; Elza Khusnutdinova, Bashkir State University, Ufa, Russia; Georgia Chenevix-Trench and Amanda B. Spurdle, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane; Graham G. Giles and Roger L. Milne, Cancer Council Victoria; Graham G. Giles, John L. Hopper, Roger L. Milne, and Melissa C. Southey, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Fergus J. Couch and Celine Vachon, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Kamila Czene, Per Hall, Annika Lindblom, and Sara Margolin, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Jonine Figueroa, Montserrat García-Closas, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; Henrik Flyger and Stig Bojesen, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev; Stig Bojesen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Eva Galle, University of Leuven; Eva Galle, Vesalius Research Center; Julie Soens, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium; Anna Jakubowska and Jan Lubinski, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, University of Eastern Finland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio; Taru A. Muranen and Heli Nevanlinna, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Vessela Kristensen, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet; Vessela Kristensen, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Polly A. Newcomb and Amy Trentham-Dietz, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; Polly A. Newcomb, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; and Kenneth Offit, Mark Robson, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Anna Jakubowska
- Marjanka K. Schmidt, Frans Hogervorst, Richard van Hien, Sten Cornelissen, Annegien Broeks, and Lizet van der Kolk, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital; Muriel A. Adank, Hanne Meijers, and Quinten Waisfisz, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam; Antoinette Hollestelle, Mieke Schutte, Maartje Hooning, and Caroline Seynaeve, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute; Ans van den Ouweland, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Rob A.E.M. Tollenaar, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Hoda Anton-Culver and Argyrios Ziogas, University of California, Irvine; Peter A. Fasching, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles; Esther M. John, Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont; Esther M. John, Alice S. Whittemore, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Natalia N. Antonenkova, N.N. Alexandrov Research Institute of Oncology and Medical Radiology, Minsk, Belarus; Antonis C. Antoniou, Manjeet K. Bolla, Andrew Lee, Alison M. Dunning, Paul D.P. Pharoah, Qin Wang, and Douglas F. Easton, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; Angela Cox and Simon S. Cross, University of Sheffield, Sheffield; Olivia Fletcher, Michael Jones, and Anthony Swerdlow, The Institute of Cancer Research; Julian Peto, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine; Elinor J. Sawyer, King's College London, London; Jonine Figueroa, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh; Ian Tomlinson, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Volker Arndt, Hiltrud Brauch, Hermann Brenner, Barbara Burwinkel, Jenny Chang-Claude, Anja Rudolph, Harold Surowy, German Cancer Research Center; Barbara Burwinkel and Harald Surowy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Natalia V. Bogdanova, Peter Hillemanns, Tjoung-Won Park-Simon, and Thilo Dörk, Hannover Medical School, Hannover; Hiltrud Brauch, Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart; Hiltrud Brauch, University of Tübingen, Tübingen; Thomas Brüning, Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum; Jenny Chang-Claude, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Peter A. Fasching and Lothar Haeberle, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen; Alfons Meindl, Technische Universität München, Munich; Rita K. Schmutzler, University Hospital of Cologne; Rita K. Schmutzler, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Marina Bermisheva, Ufa Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences; Elza Khusnutdinova, Bashkir State University, Ufa, Russia; Georgia Chenevix-Trench and Amanda B. Spurdle, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane; Graham G. Giles and Roger L. Milne, Cancer Council Victoria; Graham G. Giles, John L. Hopper, Roger L. Milne, and Melissa C. Southey, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Fergus J. Couch and Celine Vachon, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Kamila Czene, Per Hall, Annika Lindblom, and Sara Margolin, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Jonine Figueroa, Montserrat García-Closas, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; Henrik Flyger and Stig Bojesen, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev; Stig Bojesen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Eva Galle, University of Leuven; Eva Galle, Vesalius Research Center; Julie Soens, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium; Anna Jakubowska and Jan Lubinski, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, University of Eastern Finland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio; Taru A. Muranen and Heli Nevanlinna, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Vessela Kristensen, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet; Vessela Kristensen, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Polly A. Newcomb and Amy Trentham-Dietz, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; Polly A. Newcomb, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; and Kenneth Offit, Mark Robson, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Esther M. John
- Marjanka K. Schmidt, Frans Hogervorst, Richard van Hien, Sten Cornelissen, Annegien Broeks, and Lizet van der Kolk, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital; Muriel A. Adank, Hanne Meijers, and Quinten Waisfisz, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam; Antoinette Hollestelle, Mieke Schutte, Maartje Hooning, and Caroline Seynaeve, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute; Ans van den Ouweland, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Rob A.E.M. Tollenaar, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Hoda Anton-Culver and Argyrios Ziogas, University of California, Irvine; Peter A. Fasching, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles; Esther M. John, Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont; Esther M. John, Alice S. Whittemore, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Natalia N. Antonenkova, N.N. Alexandrov Research Institute of Oncology and Medical Radiology, Minsk, Belarus; Antonis C. Antoniou, Manjeet K. Bolla, Andrew Lee, Alison M. Dunning, Paul D.P. Pharoah, Qin Wang, and Douglas F. Easton, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; Angela Cox and Simon S. Cross, University of Sheffield, Sheffield; Olivia Fletcher, Michael Jones, and Anthony Swerdlow, The Institute of Cancer Research; Julian Peto, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine; Elinor J. Sawyer, King's College London, London; Jonine Figueroa, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh; Ian Tomlinson, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Volker Arndt, Hiltrud Brauch, Hermann Brenner, Barbara Burwinkel, Jenny Chang-Claude, Anja Rudolph, Harold Surowy, German Cancer Research Center; Barbara Burwinkel and Harald Surowy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Natalia V. Bogdanova, Peter Hillemanns, Tjoung-Won Park-Simon, and Thilo Dörk, Hannover Medical School, Hannover; Hiltrud Brauch, Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart; Hiltrud Brauch, University of Tübingen, Tübingen; Thomas Brüning, Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum; Jenny Chang-Claude, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Peter A. Fasching and Lothar Haeberle, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen; Alfons Meindl, Technische Universität München, Munich; Rita K. Schmutzler, University Hospital of Cologne; Rita K. Schmutzler, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Marina Bermisheva, Ufa Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences; Elza Khusnutdinova, Bashkir State University, Ufa, Russia; Georgia Chenevix-Trench and Amanda B. Spurdle, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane; Graham G. Giles and Roger L. Milne, Cancer Council Victoria; Graham G. Giles, John L. Hopper, Roger L. Milne, and Melissa C. Southey, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Fergus J. Couch and Celine Vachon, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Kamila Czene, Per Hall, Annika Lindblom, and Sara Margolin, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Jonine Figueroa, Montserrat García-Closas, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; Henrik Flyger and Stig Bojesen, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev; Stig Bojesen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Eva Galle, University of Leuven; Eva Galle, Vesalius Research Center; Julie Soens, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium; Anna Jakubowska and Jan Lubinski, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, University of Eastern Finland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio; Taru A. Muranen and Heli Nevanlinna, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Vessela Kristensen, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet; Vessela Kristensen, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Polly A. Newcomb and Amy Trentham-Dietz, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; Polly A. Newcomb, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; and Kenneth Offit, Mark Robson, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Michael Jones
- Marjanka K. Schmidt, Frans Hogervorst, Richard van Hien, Sten Cornelissen, Annegien Broeks, and Lizet van der Kolk, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital; Muriel A. Adank, Hanne Meijers, and Quinten Waisfisz, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam; Antoinette Hollestelle, Mieke Schutte, Maartje Hooning, and Caroline Seynaeve, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute; Ans van den Ouweland, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Rob A.E.M. Tollenaar, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Hoda Anton-Culver and Argyrios Ziogas, University of California, Irvine; Peter A. Fasching, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles; Esther M. John, Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont; Esther M. John, Alice S. Whittemore, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Natalia N. Antonenkova, N.N. Alexandrov Research Institute of Oncology and Medical Radiology, Minsk, Belarus; Antonis C. Antoniou, Manjeet K. Bolla, Andrew Lee, Alison M. Dunning, Paul D.P. Pharoah, Qin Wang, and Douglas F. Easton, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; Angela Cox and Simon S. Cross, University of Sheffield, Sheffield; Olivia Fletcher, Michael Jones, and Anthony Swerdlow, The Institute of Cancer Research; Julian Peto, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine; Elinor J. Sawyer, King's College London, London; Jonine Figueroa, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh; Ian Tomlinson, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Volker Arndt, Hiltrud Brauch, Hermann Brenner, Barbara Burwinkel, Jenny Chang-Claude, Anja Rudolph, Harold Surowy, German Cancer Research Center; Barbara Burwinkel and Harald Surowy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Natalia V. Bogdanova, Peter Hillemanns, Tjoung-Won Park-Simon, and Thilo Dörk, Hannover Medical School, Hannover; Hiltrud Brauch, Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart; Hiltrud Brauch, University of Tübingen, Tübingen; Thomas Brüning, Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum; Jenny Chang-Claude, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Peter A. Fasching and Lothar Haeberle, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen; Alfons Meindl, Technische Universität München, Munich; Rita K. Schmutzler, University Hospital of Cologne; Rita K. Schmutzler, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Marina Bermisheva, Ufa Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences; Elza Khusnutdinova, Bashkir State University, Ufa, Russia; Georgia Chenevix-Trench and Amanda B. Spurdle, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane; Graham G. Giles and Roger L. Milne, Cancer Council Victoria; Graham G. Giles, John L. Hopper, Roger L. Milne, and Melissa C. Southey, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Fergus J. Couch and Celine Vachon, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Kamila Czene, Per Hall, Annika Lindblom, and Sara Margolin, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Jonine Figueroa, Montserrat García-Closas, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; Henrik Flyger and Stig Bojesen, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev; Stig Bojesen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Eva Galle, University of Leuven; Eva Galle, Vesalius Research Center; Julie Soens, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium; Anna Jakubowska and Jan Lubinski, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, University of Eastern Finland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio; Taru A. Muranen and Heli Nevanlinna, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Vessela Kristensen, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet; Vessela Kristensen, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Polly A. Newcomb and Amy Trentham-Dietz, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; Polly A. Newcomb, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; and Kenneth Offit, Mark Robson, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Elza Khusnutdinova
- Marjanka K. Schmidt, Frans Hogervorst, Richard van Hien, Sten Cornelissen, Annegien Broeks, and Lizet van der Kolk, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital; Muriel A. Adank, Hanne Meijers, and Quinten Waisfisz, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam; Antoinette Hollestelle, Mieke Schutte, Maartje Hooning, and Caroline Seynaeve, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute; Ans van den Ouweland, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Rob A.E.M. Tollenaar, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Hoda Anton-Culver and Argyrios Ziogas, University of California, Irvine; Peter A. Fasching, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles; Esther M. John, Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont; Esther M. John, Alice S. Whittemore, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Natalia N. Antonenkova, N.N. Alexandrov Research Institute of Oncology and Medical Radiology, Minsk, Belarus; Antonis C. Antoniou, Manjeet K. Bolla, Andrew Lee, Alison M. Dunning, Paul D.P. Pharoah, Qin Wang, and Douglas F. Easton, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; Angela Cox and Simon S. Cross, University of Sheffield, Sheffield; Olivia Fletcher, Michael Jones, and Anthony Swerdlow, The Institute of Cancer Research; Julian Peto, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine; Elinor J. Sawyer, King's College London, London; Jonine Figueroa, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh; Ian Tomlinson, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Volker Arndt, Hiltrud Brauch, Hermann Brenner, Barbara Burwinkel, Jenny Chang-Claude, Anja Rudolph, Harold Surowy, German Cancer Research Center; Barbara Burwinkel and Harald Surowy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Natalia V. Bogdanova, Peter Hillemanns, Tjoung-Won Park-Simon, and Thilo Dörk, Hannover Medical School, Hannover; Hiltrud Brauch, Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart; Hiltrud Brauch, University of Tübingen, Tübingen; Thomas Brüning, Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum; Jenny Chang-Claude, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Peter A. Fasching and Lothar Haeberle, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen; Alfons Meindl, Technische Universität München, Munich; Rita K. Schmutzler, University Hospital of Cologne; Rita K. Schmutzler, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Marina Bermisheva, Ufa Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences; Elza Khusnutdinova, Bashkir State University, Ufa, Russia; Georgia Chenevix-Trench and Amanda B. Spurdle, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane; Graham G. Giles and Roger L. Milne, Cancer Council Victoria; Graham G. Giles, John L. Hopper, Roger L. Milne, and Melissa C. Southey, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Fergus J. Couch and Celine Vachon, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Kamila Czene, Per Hall, Annika Lindblom, and Sara Margolin, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Jonine Figueroa, Montserrat García-Closas, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; Henrik Flyger and Stig Bojesen, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev; Stig Bojesen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Eva Galle, University of Leuven; Eva Galle, Vesalius Research Center; Julie Soens, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium; Anna Jakubowska and Jan Lubinski, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, University of Eastern Finland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio; Taru A. Muranen and Heli Nevanlinna, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Vessela Kristensen, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet; Vessela Kristensen, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Polly A. Newcomb and Amy Trentham-Dietz, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; Polly A. Newcomb, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; and Kenneth Offit, Mark Robson, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Julia A. Knight
- Marjanka K. Schmidt, Frans Hogervorst, Richard van Hien, Sten Cornelissen, Annegien Broeks, and Lizet van der Kolk, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital; Muriel A. Adank, Hanne Meijers, and Quinten Waisfisz, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam; Antoinette Hollestelle, Mieke Schutte, Maartje Hooning, and Caroline Seynaeve, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute; Ans van den Ouweland, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Rob A.E.M. Tollenaar, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Hoda Anton-Culver and Argyrios Ziogas, University of California, Irvine; Peter A. Fasching, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles; Esther M. John, Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont; Esther M. John, Alice S. Whittemore, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Natalia N. Antonenkova, N.N. Alexandrov Research Institute of Oncology and Medical Radiology, Minsk, Belarus; Antonis C. Antoniou, Manjeet K. Bolla, Andrew Lee, Alison M. Dunning, Paul D.P. Pharoah, Qin Wang, and Douglas F. Easton, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; Angela Cox and Simon S. Cross, University of Sheffield, Sheffield; Olivia Fletcher, Michael Jones, and Anthony Swerdlow, The Institute of Cancer Research; Julian Peto, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine; Elinor J. Sawyer, King's College London, London; Jonine Figueroa, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh; Ian Tomlinson, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Volker Arndt, Hiltrud Brauch, Hermann Brenner, Barbara Burwinkel, Jenny Chang-Claude, Anja Rudolph, Harold Surowy, German Cancer Research Center; Barbara Burwinkel and Harald Surowy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Natalia V. Bogdanova, Peter Hillemanns, Tjoung-Won Park-Simon, and Thilo Dörk, Hannover Medical School, Hannover; Hiltrud Brauch, Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart; Hiltrud Brauch, University of Tübingen, Tübingen; Thomas Brüning, Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum; Jenny Chang-Claude, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Peter A. Fasching and Lothar Haeberle, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen; Alfons Meindl, Technische Universität München, Munich; Rita K. Schmutzler, University Hospital of Cologne; Rita K. Schmutzler, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Marina Bermisheva, Ufa Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences; Elza Khusnutdinova, Bashkir State University, Ufa, Russia; Georgia Chenevix-Trench and Amanda B. Spurdle, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane; Graham G. Giles and Roger L. Milne, Cancer Council Victoria; Graham G. Giles, John L. Hopper, Roger L. Milne, and Melissa C. Southey, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Fergus J. Couch and Celine Vachon, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Kamila Czene, Per Hall, Annika Lindblom, and Sara Margolin, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Jonine Figueroa, Montserrat García-Closas, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; Henrik Flyger and Stig Bojesen, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev; Stig Bojesen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Eva Galle, University of Leuven; Eva Galle, Vesalius Research Center; Julie Soens, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium; Anna Jakubowska and Jan Lubinski, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, University of Eastern Finland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio; Taru A. Muranen and Heli Nevanlinna, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Vessela Kristensen, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet; Vessela Kristensen, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Polly A. Newcomb and Amy Trentham-Dietz, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; Polly A. Newcomb, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; and Kenneth Offit, Mark Robson, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Veli-Matti Kosma
- Marjanka K. Schmidt, Frans Hogervorst, Richard van Hien, Sten Cornelissen, Annegien Broeks, and Lizet van der Kolk, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital; Muriel A. Adank, Hanne Meijers, and Quinten Waisfisz, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam; Antoinette Hollestelle, Mieke Schutte, Maartje Hooning, and Caroline Seynaeve, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute; Ans van den Ouweland, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Rob A.E.M. Tollenaar, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Hoda Anton-Culver and Argyrios Ziogas, University of California, Irvine; Peter A. Fasching, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles; Esther M. John, Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont; Esther M. John, Alice S. Whittemore, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Natalia N. Antonenkova, N.N. Alexandrov Research Institute of Oncology and Medical Radiology, Minsk, Belarus; Antonis C. Antoniou, Manjeet K. Bolla, Andrew Lee, Alison M. Dunning, Paul D.P. Pharoah, Qin Wang, and Douglas F. Easton, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; Angela Cox and Simon S. Cross, University of Sheffield, Sheffield; Olivia Fletcher, Michael Jones, and Anthony Swerdlow, The Institute of Cancer Research; Julian Peto, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine; Elinor J. Sawyer, King's College London, London; Jonine Figueroa, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh; Ian Tomlinson, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Volker Arndt, Hiltrud Brauch, Hermann Brenner, Barbara Burwinkel, Jenny Chang-Claude, Anja Rudolph, Harold Surowy, German Cancer Research Center; Barbara Burwinkel and Harald Surowy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Natalia V. Bogdanova, Peter Hillemanns, Tjoung-Won Park-Simon, and Thilo Dörk, Hannover Medical School, Hannover; Hiltrud Brauch, Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart; Hiltrud Brauch, University of Tübingen, Tübingen; Thomas Brüning, Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum; Jenny Chang-Claude, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Peter A. Fasching and Lothar Haeberle, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen; Alfons Meindl, Technische Universität München, Munich; Rita K. Schmutzler, University Hospital of Cologne; Rita K. Schmutzler, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Marina Bermisheva, Ufa Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences; Elza Khusnutdinova, Bashkir State University, Ufa, Russia; Georgia Chenevix-Trench and Amanda B. Spurdle, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane; Graham G. Giles and Roger L. Milne, Cancer Council Victoria; Graham G. Giles, John L. Hopper, Roger L. Milne, and Melissa C. Southey, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Fergus J. Couch and Celine Vachon, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Kamila Czene, Per Hall, Annika Lindblom, and Sara Margolin, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Jonine Figueroa, Montserrat García-Closas, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; Henrik Flyger and Stig Bojesen, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev; Stig Bojesen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Eva Galle, University of Leuven; Eva Galle, Vesalius Research Center; Julie Soens, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium; Anna Jakubowska and Jan Lubinski, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, University of Eastern Finland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio; Taru A. Muranen and Heli Nevanlinna, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Vessela Kristensen, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet; Vessela Kristensen, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Polly A. Newcomb and Amy Trentham-Dietz, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; Polly A. Newcomb, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; and Kenneth Offit, Mark Robson, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Vessela Kristensen
- Marjanka K. Schmidt, Frans Hogervorst, Richard van Hien, Sten Cornelissen, Annegien Broeks, and Lizet van der Kolk, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital; Muriel A. Adank, Hanne Meijers, and Quinten Waisfisz, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam; Antoinette Hollestelle, Mieke Schutte, Maartje Hooning, and Caroline Seynaeve, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute; Ans van den Ouweland, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Rob A.E.M. Tollenaar, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Hoda Anton-Culver and Argyrios Ziogas, University of California, Irvine; Peter A. Fasching, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles; Esther M. John, Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont; Esther M. John, Alice S. Whittemore, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Natalia N. Antonenkova, N.N. Alexandrov Research Institute of Oncology and Medical Radiology, Minsk, Belarus; Antonis C. Antoniou, Manjeet K. Bolla, Andrew Lee, Alison M. Dunning, Paul D.P. Pharoah, Qin Wang, and Douglas F. Easton, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; Angela Cox and Simon S. Cross, University of Sheffield, Sheffield; Olivia Fletcher, Michael Jones, and Anthony Swerdlow, The Institute of Cancer Research; Julian Peto, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine; Elinor J. Sawyer, King's College London, London; Jonine Figueroa, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh; Ian Tomlinson, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Volker Arndt, Hiltrud Brauch, Hermann Brenner, Barbara Burwinkel, Jenny Chang-Claude, Anja Rudolph, Harold Surowy, German Cancer Research Center; Barbara Burwinkel and Harald Surowy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Natalia V. Bogdanova, Peter Hillemanns, Tjoung-Won Park-Simon, and Thilo Dörk, Hannover Medical School, Hannover; Hiltrud Brauch, Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart; Hiltrud Brauch, University of Tübingen, Tübingen; Thomas Brüning, Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum; Jenny Chang-Claude, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Peter A. Fasching and Lothar Haeberle, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen; Alfons Meindl, Technische Universität München, Munich; Rita K. Schmutzler, University Hospital of Cologne; Rita K. Schmutzler, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Marina Bermisheva, Ufa Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences; Elza Khusnutdinova, Bashkir State University, Ufa, Russia; Georgia Chenevix-Trench and Amanda B. Spurdle, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane; Graham G. Giles and Roger L. Milne, Cancer Council Victoria; Graham G. Giles, John L. Hopper, Roger L. Milne, and Melissa C. Southey, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Fergus J. Couch and Celine Vachon, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Kamila Czene, Per Hall, Annika Lindblom, and Sara Margolin, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Jonine Figueroa, Montserrat García-Closas, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; Henrik Flyger and Stig Bojesen, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev; Stig Bojesen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Eva Galle, University of Leuven; Eva Galle, Vesalius Research Center; Julie Soens, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium; Anna Jakubowska and Jan Lubinski, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, University of Eastern Finland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio; Taru A. Muranen and Heli Nevanlinna, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Vessela Kristensen, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet; Vessela Kristensen, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Polly A. Newcomb and Amy Trentham-Dietz, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; Polly A. Newcomb, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; and Kenneth Offit, Mark Robson, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Andrew Lee
- Marjanka K. Schmidt, Frans Hogervorst, Richard van Hien, Sten Cornelissen, Annegien Broeks, and Lizet van der Kolk, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital; Muriel A. Adank, Hanne Meijers, and Quinten Waisfisz, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam; Antoinette Hollestelle, Mieke Schutte, Maartje Hooning, and Caroline Seynaeve, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute; Ans van den Ouweland, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Rob A.E.M. Tollenaar, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Hoda Anton-Culver and Argyrios Ziogas, University of California, Irvine; Peter A. Fasching, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles; Esther M. John, Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont; Esther M. John, Alice S. Whittemore, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Natalia N. Antonenkova, N.N. Alexandrov Research Institute of Oncology and Medical Radiology, Minsk, Belarus; Antonis C. Antoniou, Manjeet K. Bolla, Andrew Lee, Alison M. Dunning, Paul D.P. Pharoah, Qin Wang, and Douglas F. Easton, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; Angela Cox and Simon S. Cross, University of Sheffield, Sheffield; Olivia Fletcher, Michael Jones, and Anthony Swerdlow, The Institute of Cancer Research; Julian Peto, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine; Elinor J. Sawyer, King's College London, London; Jonine Figueroa, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh; Ian Tomlinson, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Volker Arndt, Hiltrud Brauch, Hermann Brenner, Barbara Burwinkel, Jenny Chang-Claude, Anja Rudolph, Harold Surowy, German Cancer Research Center; Barbara Burwinkel and Harald Surowy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Natalia V. Bogdanova, Peter Hillemanns, Tjoung-Won Park-Simon, and Thilo Dörk, Hannover Medical School, Hannover; Hiltrud Brauch, Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart; Hiltrud Brauch, University of Tübingen, Tübingen; Thomas Brüning, Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum; Jenny Chang-Claude, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Peter A. Fasching and Lothar Haeberle, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen; Alfons Meindl, Technische Universität München, Munich; Rita K. Schmutzler, University Hospital of Cologne; Rita K. Schmutzler, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Marina Bermisheva, Ufa Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences; Elza Khusnutdinova, Bashkir State University, Ufa, Russia; Georgia Chenevix-Trench and Amanda B. Spurdle, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane; Graham G. Giles and Roger L. Milne, Cancer Council Victoria; Graham G. Giles, John L. Hopper, Roger L. Milne, and Melissa C. Southey, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Fergus J. Couch and Celine Vachon, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Kamila Czene, Per Hall, Annika Lindblom, and Sara Margolin, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Jonine Figueroa, Montserrat García-Closas, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; Henrik Flyger and Stig Bojesen, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev; Stig Bojesen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Eva Galle, University of Leuven; Eva Galle, Vesalius Research Center; Julie Soens, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium; Anna Jakubowska and Jan Lubinski, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, University of Eastern Finland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio; Taru A. Muranen and Heli Nevanlinna, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Vessela Kristensen, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet; Vessela Kristensen, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Polly A. Newcomb and Amy Trentham-Dietz, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; Polly A. Newcomb, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; and Kenneth Offit, Mark Robson, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Annika Lindblom
- Marjanka K. Schmidt, Frans Hogervorst, Richard van Hien, Sten Cornelissen, Annegien Broeks, and Lizet van der Kolk, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital; Muriel A. Adank, Hanne Meijers, and Quinten Waisfisz, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam; Antoinette Hollestelle, Mieke Schutte, Maartje Hooning, and Caroline Seynaeve, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute; Ans van den Ouweland, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Rob A.E.M. Tollenaar, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Hoda Anton-Culver and Argyrios Ziogas, University of California, Irvine; Peter A. Fasching, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles; Esther M. John, Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont; Esther M. John, Alice S. Whittemore, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Natalia N. Antonenkova, N.N. Alexandrov Research Institute of Oncology and Medical Radiology, Minsk, Belarus; Antonis C. Antoniou, Manjeet K. Bolla, Andrew Lee, Alison M. Dunning, Paul D.P. Pharoah, Qin Wang, and Douglas F. Easton, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; Angela Cox and Simon S. Cross, University of Sheffield, Sheffield; Olivia Fletcher, Michael Jones, and Anthony Swerdlow, The Institute of Cancer Research; Julian Peto, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine; Elinor J. Sawyer, King's College London, London; Jonine Figueroa, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh; Ian Tomlinson, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Volker Arndt, Hiltrud Brauch, Hermann Brenner, Barbara Burwinkel, Jenny Chang-Claude, Anja Rudolph, Harold Surowy, German Cancer Research Center; Barbara Burwinkel and Harald Surowy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Natalia V. Bogdanova, Peter Hillemanns, Tjoung-Won Park-Simon, and Thilo Dörk, Hannover Medical School, Hannover; Hiltrud Brauch, Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart; Hiltrud Brauch, University of Tübingen, Tübingen; Thomas Brüning, Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum; Jenny Chang-Claude, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Peter A. Fasching and Lothar Haeberle, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen; Alfons Meindl, Technische Universität München, Munich; Rita K. Schmutzler, University Hospital of Cologne; Rita K. Schmutzler, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Marina Bermisheva, Ufa Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences; Elza Khusnutdinova, Bashkir State University, Ufa, Russia; Georgia Chenevix-Trench and Amanda B. Spurdle, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane; Graham G. Giles and Roger L. Milne, Cancer Council Victoria; Graham G. Giles, John L. Hopper, Roger L. Milne, and Melissa C. Southey, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Fergus J. Couch and Celine Vachon, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Kamila Czene, Per Hall, Annika Lindblom, and Sara Margolin, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Jonine Figueroa, Montserrat García-Closas, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; Henrik Flyger and Stig Bojesen, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev; Stig Bojesen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Eva Galle, University of Leuven; Eva Galle, Vesalius Research Center; Julie Soens, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium; Anna Jakubowska and Jan Lubinski, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, University of Eastern Finland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio; Taru A. Muranen and Heli Nevanlinna, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Vessela Kristensen, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet; Vessela Kristensen, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Polly A. Newcomb and Amy Trentham-Dietz, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; Polly A. Newcomb, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; and Kenneth Offit, Mark Robson, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Jan Lubinski
- Marjanka K. Schmidt, Frans Hogervorst, Richard van Hien, Sten Cornelissen, Annegien Broeks, and Lizet van der Kolk, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital; Muriel A. Adank, Hanne Meijers, and Quinten Waisfisz, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam; Antoinette Hollestelle, Mieke Schutte, Maartje Hooning, and Caroline Seynaeve, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute; Ans van den Ouweland, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Rob A.E.M. Tollenaar, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Hoda Anton-Culver and Argyrios Ziogas, University of California, Irvine; Peter A. Fasching, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles; Esther M. John, Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont; Esther M. John, Alice S. Whittemore, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Natalia N. Antonenkova, N.N. Alexandrov Research Institute of Oncology and Medical Radiology, Minsk, Belarus; Antonis C. Antoniou, Manjeet K. Bolla, Andrew Lee, Alison M. Dunning, Paul D.P. Pharoah, Qin Wang, and Douglas F. Easton, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; Angela Cox and Simon S. Cross, University of Sheffield, Sheffield; Olivia Fletcher, Michael Jones, and Anthony Swerdlow, The Institute of Cancer Research; Julian Peto, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine; Elinor J. Sawyer, King's College London, London; Jonine Figueroa, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh; Ian Tomlinson, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Volker Arndt, Hiltrud Brauch, Hermann Brenner, Barbara Burwinkel, Jenny Chang-Claude, Anja Rudolph, Harold Surowy, German Cancer Research Center; Barbara Burwinkel and Harald Surowy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Natalia V. Bogdanova, Peter Hillemanns, Tjoung-Won Park-Simon, and Thilo Dörk, Hannover Medical School, Hannover; Hiltrud Brauch, Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart; Hiltrud Brauch, University of Tübingen, Tübingen; Thomas Brüning, Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum; Jenny Chang-Claude, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Peter A. Fasching and Lothar Haeberle, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen; Alfons Meindl, Technische Universität München, Munich; Rita K. Schmutzler, University Hospital of Cologne; Rita K. Schmutzler, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Marina Bermisheva, Ufa Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences; Elza Khusnutdinova, Bashkir State University, Ufa, Russia; Georgia Chenevix-Trench and Amanda B. Spurdle, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane; Graham G. Giles and Roger L. Milne, Cancer Council Victoria; Graham G. Giles, John L. Hopper, Roger L. Milne, and Melissa C. Southey, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Fergus J. Couch and Celine Vachon, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Kamila Czene, Per Hall, Annika Lindblom, and Sara Margolin, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Jonine Figueroa, Montserrat García-Closas, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; Henrik Flyger and Stig Bojesen, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev; Stig Bojesen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Eva Galle, University of Leuven; Eva Galle, Vesalius Research Center; Julie Soens, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium; Anna Jakubowska and Jan Lubinski, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, University of Eastern Finland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio; Taru A. Muranen and Heli Nevanlinna, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Vessela Kristensen, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet; Vessela Kristensen, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Polly A. Newcomb and Amy Trentham-Dietz, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; Polly A. Newcomb, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; and Kenneth Offit, Mark Robson, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Arto Mannermaa
- Marjanka K. Schmidt, Frans Hogervorst, Richard van Hien, Sten Cornelissen, Annegien Broeks, and Lizet van der Kolk, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital; Muriel A. Adank, Hanne Meijers, and Quinten Waisfisz, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam; Antoinette Hollestelle, Mieke Schutte, Maartje Hooning, and Caroline Seynaeve, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute; Ans van den Ouweland, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Rob A.E.M. Tollenaar, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Hoda Anton-Culver and Argyrios Ziogas, University of California, Irvine; Peter A. Fasching, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles; Esther M. John, Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont; Esther M. John, Alice S. Whittemore, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Natalia N. Antonenkova, N.N. Alexandrov Research Institute of Oncology and Medical Radiology, Minsk, Belarus; Antonis C. Antoniou, Manjeet K. Bolla, Andrew Lee, Alison M. Dunning, Paul D.P. Pharoah, Qin Wang, and Douglas F. Easton, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; Angela Cox and Simon S. Cross, University of Sheffield, Sheffield; Olivia Fletcher, Michael Jones, and Anthony Swerdlow, The Institute of Cancer Research; Julian Peto, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine; Elinor J. Sawyer, King's College London, London; Jonine Figueroa, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh; Ian Tomlinson, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Volker Arndt, Hiltrud Brauch, Hermann Brenner, Barbara Burwinkel, Jenny Chang-Claude, Anja Rudolph, Harold Surowy, German Cancer Research Center; Barbara Burwinkel and Harald Surowy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Natalia V. Bogdanova, Peter Hillemanns, Tjoung-Won Park-Simon, and Thilo Dörk, Hannover Medical School, Hannover; Hiltrud Brauch, Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart; Hiltrud Brauch, University of Tübingen, Tübingen; Thomas Brüning, Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum; Jenny Chang-Claude, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Peter A. Fasching and Lothar Haeberle, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen; Alfons Meindl, Technische Universität München, Munich; Rita K. Schmutzler, University Hospital of Cologne; Rita K. Schmutzler, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Marina Bermisheva, Ufa Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences; Elza Khusnutdinova, Bashkir State University, Ufa, Russia; Georgia Chenevix-Trench and Amanda B. Spurdle, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane; Graham G. Giles and Roger L. Milne, Cancer Council Victoria; Graham G. Giles, John L. Hopper, Roger L. Milne, and Melissa C. Southey, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Fergus J. Couch and Celine Vachon, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Kamila Czene, Per Hall, Annika Lindblom, and Sara Margolin, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Jonine Figueroa, Montserrat García-Closas, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; Henrik Flyger and Stig Bojesen, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev; Stig Bojesen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Eva Galle, University of Leuven; Eva Galle, Vesalius Research Center; Julie Soens, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium; Anna Jakubowska and Jan Lubinski, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, University of Eastern Finland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio; Taru A. Muranen and Heli Nevanlinna, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Vessela Kristensen, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet; Vessela Kristensen, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Polly A. Newcomb and Amy Trentham-Dietz, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; Polly A. Newcomb, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; and Kenneth Offit, Mark Robson, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Sara Margolin
- Marjanka K. Schmidt, Frans Hogervorst, Richard van Hien, Sten Cornelissen, Annegien Broeks, and Lizet van der Kolk, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital; Muriel A. Adank, Hanne Meijers, and Quinten Waisfisz, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam; Antoinette Hollestelle, Mieke Schutte, Maartje Hooning, and Caroline Seynaeve, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute; Ans van den Ouweland, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Rob A.E.M. Tollenaar, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Hoda Anton-Culver and Argyrios Ziogas, University of California, Irvine; Peter A. Fasching, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles; Esther M. John, Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont; Esther M. John, Alice S. Whittemore, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Natalia N. Antonenkova, N.N. Alexandrov Research Institute of Oncology and Medical Radiology, Minsk, Belarus; Antonis C. Antoniou, Manjeet K. Bolla, Andrew Lee, Alison M. Dunning, Paul D.P. Pharoah, Qin Wang, and Douglas F. Easton, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; Angela Cox and Simon S. Cross, University of Sheffield, Sheffield; Olivia Fletcher, Michael Jones, and Anthony Swerdlow, The Institute of Cancer Research; Julian Peto, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine; Elinor J. Sawyer, King's College London, London; Jonine Figueroa, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh; Ian Tomlinson, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Volker Arndt, Hiltrud Brauch, Hermann Brenner, Barbara Burwinkel, Jenny Chang-Claude, Anja Rudolph, Harold Surowy, German Cancer Research Center; Barbara Burwinkel and Harald Surowy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Natalia V. Bogdanova, Peter Hillemanns, Tjoung-Won Park-Simon, and Thilo Dörk, Hannover Medical School, Hannover; Hiltrud Brauch, Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart; Hiltrud Brauch, University of Tübingen, Tübingen; Thomas Brüning, Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum; Jenny Chang-Claude, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Peter A. Fasching and Lothar Haeberle, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen; Alfons Meindl, Technische Universität München, Munich; Rita K. Schmutzler, University Hospital of Cologne; Rita K. Schmutzler, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Marina Bermisheva, Ufa Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences; Elza Khusnutdinova, Bashkir State University, Ufa, Russia; Georgia Chenevix-Trench and Amanda B. Spurdle, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane; Graham G. Giles and Roger L. Milne, Cancer Council Victoria; Graham G. Giles, John L. Hopper, Roger L. Milne, and Melissa C. Southey, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Fergus J. Couch and Celine Vachon, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Kamila Czene, Per Hall, Annika Lindblom, and Sara Margolin, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Jonine Figueroa, Montserrat García-Closas, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; Henrik Flyger and Stig Bojesen, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev; Stig Bojesen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Eva Galle, University of Leuven; Eva Galle, Vesalius Research Center; Julie Soens, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium; Anna Jakubowska and Jan Lubinski, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, University of Eastern Finland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio; Taru A. Muranen and Heli Nevanlinna, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Vessela Kristensen, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet; Vessela Kristensen, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Polly A. Newcomb and Amy Trentham-Dietz, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; Polly A. Newcomb, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; and Kenneth Offit, Mark Robson, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Alfons Meindl
- Marjanka K. Schmidt, Frans Hogervorst, Richard van Hien, Sten Cornelissen, Annegien Broeks, and Lizet van der Kolk, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital; Muriel A. Adank, Hanne Meijers, and Quinten Waisfisz, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam; Antoinette Hollestelle, Mieke Schutte, Maartje Hooning, and Caroline Seynaeve, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute; Ans van den Ouweland, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Rob A.E.M. Tollenaar, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Hoda Anton-Culver and Argyrios Ziogas, University of California, Irvine; Peter A. Fasching, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles; Esther M. John, Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont; Esther M. John, Alice S. Whittemore, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Natalia N. Antonenkova, N.N. Alexandrov Research Institute of Oncology and Medical Radiology, Minsk, Belarus; Antonis C. Antoniou, Manjeet K. Bolla, Andrew Lee, Alison M. Dunning, Paul D.P. Pharoah, Qin Wang, and Douglas F. Easton, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; Angela Cox and Simon S. Cross, University of Sheffield, Sheffield; Olivia Fletcher, Michael Jones, and Anthony Swerdlow, The Institute of Cancer Research; Julian Peto, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine; Elinor J. Sawyer, King's College London, London; Jonine Figueroa, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh; Ian Tomlinson, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Volker Arndt, Hiltrud Brauch, Hermann Brenner, Barbara Burwinkel, Jenny Chang-Claude, Anja Rudolph, Harold Surowy, German Cancer Research Center; Barbara Burwinkel and Harald Surowy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Natalia V. Bogdanova, Peter Hillemanns, Tjoung-Won Park-Simon, and Thilo Dörk, Hannover Medical School, Hannover; Hiltrud Brauch, Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart; Hiltrud Brauch, University of Tübingen, Tübingen; Thomas Brüning, Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum; Jenny Chang-Claude, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Peter A. Fasching and Lothar Haeberle, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen; Alfons Meindl, Technische Universität München, Munich; Rita K. Schmutzler, University Hospital of Cologne; Rita K. Schmutzler, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Marina Bermisheva, Ufa Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences; Elza Khusnutdinova, Bashkir State University, Ufa, Russia; Georgia Chenevix-Trench and Amanda B. Spurdle, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane; Graham G. Giles and Roger L. Milne, Cancer Council Victoria; Graham G. Giles, John L. Hopper, Roger L. Milne, and Melissa C. Southey, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Fergus J. Couch and Celine Vachon, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Kamila Czene, Per Hall, Annika Lindblom, and Sara Margolin, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Jonine Figueroa, Montserrat García-Closas, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; Henrik Flyger and Stig Bojesen, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev; Stig Bojesen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Eva Galle, University of Leuven; Eva Galle, Vesalius Research Center; Julie Soens, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium; Anna Jakubowska and Jan Lubinski, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, University of Eastern Finland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio; Taru A. Muranen and Heli Nevanlinna, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Vessela Kristensen, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet; Vessela Kristensen, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Polly A. Newcomb and Amy Trentham-Dietz, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; Polly A. Newcomb, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; and Kenneth Offit, Mark Robson, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Roger L. Milne
- Marjanka K. Schmidt, Frans Hogervorst, Richard van Hien, Sten Cornelissen, Annegien Broeks, and Lizet van der Kolk, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital; Muriel A. Adank, Hanne Meijers, and Quinten Waisfisz, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam; Antoinette Hollestelle, Mieke Schutte, Maartje Hooning, and Caroline Seynaeve, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute; Ans van den Ouweland, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Rob A.E.M. Tollenaar, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Hoda Anton-Culver and Argyrios Ziogas, University of California, Irvine; Peter A. Fasching, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles; Esther M. John, Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont; Esther M. John, Alice S. Whittemore, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Natalia N. Antonenkova, N.N. Alexandrov Research Institute of Oncology and Medical Radiology, Minsk, Belarus; Antonis C. Antoniou, Manjeet K. Bolla, Andrew Lee, Alison M. Dunning, Paul D.P. Pharoah, Qin Wang, and Douglas F. Easton, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; Angela Cox and Simon S. Cross, University of Sheffield, Sheffield; Olivia Fletcher, Michael Jones, and Anthony Swerdlow, The Institute of Cancer Research; Julian Peto, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine; Elinor J. Sawyer, King's College London, London; Jonine Figueroa, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh; Ian Tomlinson, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Volker Arndt, Hiltrud Brauch, Hermann Brenner, Barbara Burwinkel, Jenny Chang-Claude, Anja Rudolph, Harold Surowy, German Cancer Research Center; Barbara Burwinkel and Harald Surowy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Natalia V. Bogdanova, Peter Hillemanns, Tjoung-Won Park-Simon, and Thilo Dörk, Hannover Medical School, Hannover; Hiltrud Brauch, Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart; Hiltrud Brauch, University of Tübingen, Tübingen; Thomas Brüning, Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum; Jenny Chang-Claude, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Peter A. Fasching and Lothar Haeberle, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen; Alfons Meindl, Technische Universität München, Munich; Rita K. Schmutzler, University Hospital of Cologne; Rita K. Schmutzler, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Marina Bermisheva, Ufa Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences; Elza Khusnutdinova, Bashkir State University, Ufa, Russia; Georgia Chenevix-Trench and Amanda B. Spurdle, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane; Graham G. Giles and Roger L. Milne, Cancer Council Victoria; Graham G. Giles, John L. Hopper, Roger L. Milne, and Melissa C. Southey, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Fergus J. Couch and Celine Vachon, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Kamila Czene, Per Hall, Annika Lindblom, and Sara Margolin, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Jonine Figueroa, Montserrat García-Closas, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; Henrik Flyger and Stig Bojesen, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev; Stig Bojesen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Eva Galle, University of Leuven; Eva Galle, Vesalius Research Center; Julie Soens, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium; Anna Jakubowska and Jan Lubinski, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, University of Eastern Finland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio; Taru A. Muranen and Heli Nevanlinna, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Vessela Kristensen, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet; Vessela Kristensen, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Polly A. Newcomb and Amy Trentham-Dietz, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; Polly A. Newcomb, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; and Kenneth Offit, Mark Robson, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Taru A. Muranen
- Marjanka K. Schmidt, Frans Hogervorst, Richard van Hien, Sten Cornelissen, Annegien Broeks, and Lizet van der Kolk, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital; Muriel A. Adank, Hanne Meijers, and Quinten Waisfisz, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam; Antoinette Hollestelle, Mieke Schutte, Maartje Hooning, and Caroline Seynaeve, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute; Ans van den Ouweland, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Rob A.E.M. Tollenaar, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Hoda Anton-Culver and Argyrios Ziogas, University of California, Irvine; Peter A. Fasching, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles; Esther M. John, Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont; Esther M. John, Alice S. Whittemore, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Natalia N. Antonenkova, N.N. Alexandrov Research Institute of Oncology and Medical Radiology, Minsk, Belarus; Antonis C. Antoniou, Manjeet K. Bolla, Andrew Lee, Alison M. Dunning, Paul D.P. Pharoah, Qin Wang, and Douglas F. Easton, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; Angela Cox and Simon S. Cross, University of Sheffield, Sheffield; Olivia Fletcher, Michael Jones, and Anthony Swerdlow, The Institute of Cancer Research; Julian Peto, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine; Elinor J. Sawyer, King's College London, London; Jonine Figueroa, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh; Ian Tomlinson, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Volker Arndt, Hiltrud Brauch, Hermann Brenner, Barbara Burwinkel, Jenny Chang-Claude, Anja Rudolph, Harold Surowy, German Cancer Research Center; Barbara Burwinkel and Harald Surowy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Natalia V. Bogdanova, Peter Hillemanns, Tjoung-Won Park-Simon, and Thilo Dörk, Hannover Medical School, Hannover; Hiltrud Brauch, Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart; Hiltrud Brauch, University of Tübingen, Tübingen; Thomas Brüning, Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum; Jenny Chang-Claude, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Peter A. Fasching and Lothar Haeberle, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen; Alfons Meindl, Technische Universität München, Munich; Rita K. Schmutzler, University Hospital of Cologne; Rita K. Schmutzler, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Marina Bermisheva, Ufa Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences; Elza Khusnutdinova, Bashkir State University, Ufa, Russia; Georgia Chenevix-Trench and Amanda B. Spurdle, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane; Graham G. Giles and Roger L. Milne, Cancer Council Victoria; Graham G. Giles, John L. Hopper, Roger L. Milne, and Melissa C. Southey, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Fergus J. Couch and Celine Vachon, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Kamila Czene, Per Hall, Annika Lindblom, and Sara Margolin, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Jonine Figueroa, Montserrat García-Closas, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; Henrik Flyger and Stig Bojesen, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev; Stig Bojesen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Eva Galle, University of Leuven; Eva Galle, Vesalius Research Center; Julie Soens, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium; Anna Jakubowska and Jan Lubinski, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, University of Eastern Finland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio; Taru A. Muranen and Heli Nevanlinna, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Vessela Kristensen, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet; Vessela Kristensen, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Polly A. Newcomb and Amy Trentham-Dietz, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; Polly A. Newcomb, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; and Kenneth Offit, Mark Robson, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Polly A. Newcomb
- Marjanka K. Schmidt, Frans Hogervorst, Richard van Hien, Sten Cornelissen, Annegien Broeks, and Lizet van der Kolk, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital; Muriel A. Adank, Hanne Meijers, and Quinten Waisfisz, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam; Antoinette Hollestelle, Mieke Schutte, Maartje Hooning, and Caroline Seynaeve, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute; Ans van den Ouweland, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Rob A.E.M. Tollenaar, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Hoda Anton-Culver and Argyrios Ziogas, University of California, Irvine; Peter A. Fasching, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles; Esther M. John, Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont; Esther M. John, Alice S. Whittemore, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Natalia N. Antonenkova, N.N. Alexandrov Research Institute of Oncology and Medical Radiology, Minsk, Belarus; Antonis C. Antoniou, Manjeet K. Bolla, Andrew Lee, Alison M. Dunning, Paul D.P. Pharoah, Qin Wang, and Douglas F. Easton, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; Angela Cox and Simon S. Cross, University of Sheffield, Sheffield; Olivia Fletcher, Michael Jones, and Anthony Swerdlow, The Institute of Cancer Research; Julian Peto, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine; Elinor J. Sawyer, King's College London, London; Jonine Figueroa, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh; Ian Tomlinson, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Volker Arndt, Hiltrud Brauch, Hermann Brenner, Barbara Burwinkel, Jenny Chang-Claude, Anja Rudolph, Harold Surowy, German Cancer Research Center; Barbara Burwinkel and Harald Surowy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Natalia V. Bogdanova, Peter Hillemanns, Tjoung-Won Park-Simon, and Thilo Dörk, Hannover Medical School, Hannover; Hiltrud Brauch, Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart; Hiltrud Brauch, University of Tübingen, Tübingen; Thomas Brüning, Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum; Jenny Chang-Claude, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Peter A. Fasching and Lothar Haeberle, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen; Alfons Meindl, Technische Universität München, Munich; Rita K. Schmutzler, University Hospital of Cologne; Rita K. Schmutzler, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Marina Bermisheva, Ufa Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences; Elza Khusnutdinova, Bashkir State University, Ufa, Russia; Georgia Chenevix-Trench and Amanda B. Spurdle, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane; Graham G. Giles and Roger L. Milne, Cancer Council Victoria; Graham G. Giles, John L. Hopper, Roger L. Milne, and Melissa C. Southey, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Fergus J. Couch and Celine Vachon, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Kamila Czene, Per Hall, Annika Lindblom, and Sara Margolin, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Jonine Figueroa, Montserrat García-Closas, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; Henrik Flyger and Stig Bojesen, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev; Stig Bojesen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Eva Galle, University of Leuven; Eva Galle, Vesalius Research Center; Julie Soens, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium; Anna Jakubowska and Jan Lubinski, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, University of Eastern Finland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio; Taru A. Muranen and Heli Nevanlinna, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Vessela Kristensen, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet; Vessela Kristensen, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Polly A. Newcomb and Amy Trentham-Dietz, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; Polly A. Newcomb, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; and Kenneth Offit, Mark Robson, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Kenneth Offit
- Marjanka K. Schmidt, Frans Hogervorst, Richard van Hien, Sten Cornelissen, Annegien Broeks, and Lizet van der Kolk, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital; Muriel A. Adank, Hanne Meijers, and Quinten Waisfisz, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam; Antoinette Hollestelle, Mieke Schutte, Maartje Hooning, and Caroline Seynaeve, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute; Ans van den Ouweland, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Rob A.E.M. Tollenaar, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Hoda Anton-Culver and Argyrios Ziogas, University of California, Irvine; Peter A. Fasching, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles; Esther M. John, Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont; Esther M. John, Alice S. Whittemore, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Natalia N. Antonenkova, N.N. Alexandrov Research Institute of Oncology and Medical Radiology, Minsk, Belarus; Antonis C. Antoniou, Manjeet K. Bolla, Andrew Lee, Alison M. Dunning, Paul D.P. Pharoah, Qin Wang, and Douglas F. Easton, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; Angela Cox and Simon S. Cross, University of Sheffield, Sheffield; Olivia Fletcher, Michael Jones, and Anthony Swerdlow, The Institute of Cancer Research; Julian Peto, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine; Elinor J. Sawyer, King's College London, London; Jonine Figueroa, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh; Ian Tomlinson, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Volker Arndt, Hiltrud Brauch, Hermann Brenner, Barbara Burwinkel, Jenny Chang-Claude, Anja Rudolph, Harold Surowy, German Cancer Research Center; Barbara Burwinkel and Harald Surowy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Natalia V. Bogdanova, Peter Hillemanns, Tjoung-Won Park-Simon, and Thilo Dörk, Hannover Medical School, Hannover; Hiltrud Brauch, Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart; Hiltrud Brauch, University of Tübingen, Tübingen; Thomas Brüning, Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum; Jenny Chang-Claude, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Peter A. Fasching and Lothar Haeberle, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen; Alfons Meindl, Technische Universität München, Munich; Rita K. Schmutzler, University Hospital of Cologne; Rita K. Schmutzler, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Marina Bermisheva, Ufa Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences; Elza Khusnutdinova, Bashkir State University, Ufa, Russia; Georgia Chenevix-Trench and Amanda B. Spurdle, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane; Graham G. Giles and Roger L. Milne, Cancer Council Victoria; Graham G. Giles, John L. Hopper, Roger L. Milne, and Melissa C. Southey, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Fergus J. Couch and Celine Vachon, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Kamila Czene, Per Hall, Annika Lindblom, and Sara Margolin, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Jonine Figueroa, Montserrat García-Closas, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; Henrik Flyger and Stig Bojesen, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev; Stig Bojesen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Eva Galle, University of Leuven; Eva Galle, Vesalius Research Center; Julie Soens, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium; Anna Jakubowska and Jan Lubinski, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, University of Eastern Finland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio; Taru A. Muranen and Heli Nevanlinna, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Vessela Kristensen, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet; Vessela Kristensen, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Polly A. Newcomb and Amy Trentham-Dietz, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; Polly A. Newcomb, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; and Kenneth Offit, Mark Robson, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Tjoung-Won Park-Simon
- Marjanka K. Schmidt, Frans Hogervorst, Richard van Hien, Sten Cornelissen, Annegien Broeks, and Lizet van der Kolk, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital; Muriel A. Adank, Hanne Meijers, and Quinten Waisfisz, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam; Antoinette Hollestelle, Mieke Schutte, Maartje Hooning, and Caroline Seynaeve, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute; Ans van den Ouweland, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Rob A.E.M. Tollenaar, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Hoda Anton-Culver and Argyrios Ziogas, University of California, Irvine; Peter A. Fasching, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles; Esther M. John, Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont; Esther M. John, Alice S. Whittemore, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Natalia N. Antonenkova, N.N. Alexandrov Research Institute of Oncology and Medical Radiology, Minsk, Belarus; Antonis C. Antoniou, Manjeet K. Bolla, Andrew Lee, Alison M. Dunning, Paul D.P. Pharoah, Qin Wang, and Douglas F. Easton, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; Angela Cox and Simon S. Cross, University of Sheffield, Sheffield; Olivia Fletcher, Michael Jones, and Anthony Swerdlow, The Institute of Cancer Research; Julian Peto, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine; Elinor J. Sawyer, King's College London, London; Jonine Figueroa, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh; Ian Tomlinson, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Volker Arndt, Hiltrud Brauch, Hermann Brenner, Barbara Burwinkel, Jenny Chang-Claude, Anja Rudolph, Harold Surowy, German Cancer Research Center; Barbara Burwinkel and Harald Surowy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Natalia V. Bogdanova, Peter Hillemanns, Tjoung-Won Park-Simon, and Thilo Dörk, Hannover Medical School, Hannover; Hiltrud Brauch, Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart; Hiltrud Brauch, University of Tübingen, Tübingen; Thomas Brüning, Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum; Jenny Chang-Claude, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Peter A. Fasching and Lothar Haeberle, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen; Alfons Meindl, Technische Universität München, Munich; Rita K. Schmutzler, University Hospital of Cologne; Rita K. Schmutzler, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Marina Bermisheva, Ufa Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences; Elza Khusnutdinova, Bashkir State University, Ufa, Russia; Georgia Chenevix-Trench and Amanda B. Spurdle, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane; Graham G. Giles and Roger L. Milne, Cancer Council Victoria; Graham G. Giles, John L. Hopper, Roger L. Milne, and Melissa C. Southey, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Fergus J. Couch and Celine Vachon, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Kamila Czene, Per Hall, Annika Lindblom, and Sara Margolin, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Jonine Figueroa, Montserrat García-Closas, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; Henrik Flyger and Stig Bojesen, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev; Stig Bojesen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Eva Galle, University of Leuven; Eva Galle, Vesalius Research Center; Julie Soens, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium; Anna Jakubowska and Jan Lubinski, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, University of Eastern Finland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio; Taru A. Muranen and Heli Nevanlinna, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Vessela Kristensen, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet; Vessela Kristensen, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Polly A. Newcomb and Amy Trentham-Dietz, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; Polly A. Newcomb, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; and Kenneth Offit, Mark Robson, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Julian Peto
- Marjanka K. Schmidt, Frans Hogervorst, Richard van Hien, Sten Cornelissen, Annegien Broeks, and Lizet van der Kolk, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital; Muriel A. Adank, Hanne Meijers, and Quinten Waisfisz, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam; Antoinette Hollestelle, Mieke Schutte, Maartje Hooning, and Caroline Seynaeve, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute; Ans van den Ouweland, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Rob A.E.M. Tollenaar, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Hoda Anton-Culver and Argyrios Ziogas, University of California, Irvine; Peter A. Fasching, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles; Esther M. John, Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont; Esther M. John, Alice S. Whittemore, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Natalia N. Antonenkova, N.N. Alexandrov Research Institute of Oncology and Medical Radiology, Minsk, Belarus; Antonis C. Antoniou, Manjeet K. Bolla, Andrew Lee, Alison M. Dunning, Paul D.P. Pharoah, Qin Wang, and Douglas F. Easton, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; Angela Cox and Simon S. Cross, University of Sheffield, Sheffield; Olivia Fletcher, Michael Jones, and Anthony Swerdlow, The Institute of Cancer Research; Julian Peto, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine; Elinor J. Sawyer, King's College London, London; Jonine Figueroa, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh; Ian Tomlinson, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Volker Arndt, Hiltrud Brauch, Hermann Brenner, Barbara Burwinkel, Jenny Chang-Claude, Anja Rudolph, Harold Surowy, German Cancer Research Center; Barbara Burwinkel and Harald Surowy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Natalia V. Bogdanova, Peter Hillemanns, Tjoung-Won Park-Simon, and Thilo Dörk, Hannover Medical School, Hannover; Hiltrud Brauch, Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart; Hiltrud Brauch, University of Tübingen, Tübingen; Thomas Brüning, Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum; Jenny Chang-Claude, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Peter A. Fasching and Lothar Haeberle, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen; Alfons Meindl, Technische Universität München, Munich; Rita K. Schmutzler, University Hospital of Cologne; Rita K. Schmutzler, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Marina Bermisheva, Ufa Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences; Elza Khusnutdinova, Bashkir State University, Ufa, Russia; Georgia Chenevix-Trench and Amanda B. Spurdle, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane; Graham G. Giles and Roger L. Milne, Cancer Council Victoria; Graham G. Giles, John L. Hopper, Roger L. Milne, and Melissa C. Southey, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Fergus J. Couch and Celine Vachon, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Kamila Czene, Per Hall, Annika Lindblom, and Sara Margolin, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Jonine Figueroa, Montserrat García-Closas, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; Henrik Flyger and Stig Bojesen, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev; Stig Bojesen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Eva Galle, University of Leuven; Eva Galle, Vesalius Research Center; Julie Soens, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium; Anna Jakubowska and Jan Lubinski, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, University of Eastern Finland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio; Taru A. Muranen and Heli Nevanlinna, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Vessela Kristensen, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet; Vessela Kristensen, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Polly A. Newcomb and Amy Trentham-Dietz, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; Polly A. Newcomb, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; and Kenneth Offit, Mark Robson, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Paul D.P. Pharoah
- Marjanka K. Schmidt, Frans Hogervorst, Richard van Hien, Sten Cornelissen, Annegien Broeks, and Lizet van der Kolk, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital; Muriel A. Adank, Hanne Meijers, and Quinten Waisfisz, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam; Antoinette Hollestelle, Mieke Schutte, Maartje Hooning, and Caroline Seynaeve, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute; Ans van den Ouweland, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Rob A.E.M. Tollenaar, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Hoda Anton-Culver and Argyrios Ziogas, University of California, Irvine; Peter A. Fasching, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles; Esther M. John, Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont; Esther M. John, Alice S. Whittemore, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Natalia N. Antonenkova, N.N. Alexandrov Research Institute of Oncology and Medical Radiology, Minsk, Belarus; Antonis C. Antoniou, Manjeet K. Bolla, Andrew Lee, Alison M. Dunning, Paul D.P. Pharoah, Qin Wang, and Douglas F. Easton, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; Angela Cox and Simon S. Cross, University of Sheffield, Sheffield; Olivia Fletcher, Michael Jones, and Anthony Swerdlow, The Institute of Cancer Research; Julian Peto, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine; Elinor J. Sawyer, King's College London, London; Jonine Figueroa, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh; Ian Tomlinson, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Volker Arndt, Hiltrud Brauch, Hermann Brenner, Barbara Burwinkel, Jenny Chang-Claude, Anja Rudolph, Harold Surowy, German Cancer Research Center; Barbara Burwinkel and Harald Surowy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Natalia V. Bogdanova, Peter Hillemanns, Tjoung-Won Park-Simon, and Thilo Dörk, Hannover Medical School, Hannover; Hiltrud Brauch, Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart; Hiltrud Brauch, University of Tübingen, Tübingen; Thomas Brüning, Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum; Jenny Chang-Claude, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Peter A. Fasching and Lothar Haeberle, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen; Alfons Meindl, Technische Universität München, Munich; Rita K. Schmutzler, University Hospital of Cologne; Rita K. Schmutzler, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Marina Bermisheva, Ufa Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences; Elza Khusnutdinova, Bashkir State University, Ufa, Russia; Georgia Chenevix-Trench and Amanda B. Spurdle, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane; Graham G. Giles and Roger L. Milne, Cancer Council Victoria; Graham G. Giles, John L. Hopper, Roger L. Milne, and Melissa C. Southey, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Fergus J. Couch and Celine Vachon, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Kamila Czene, Per Hall, Annika Lindblom, and Sara Margolin, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Jonine Figueroa, Montserrat García-Closas, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; Henrik Flyger and Stig Bojesen, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev; Stig Bojesen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Eva Galle, University of Leuven; Eva Galle, Vesalius Research Center; Julie Soens, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium; Anna Jakubowska and Jan Lubinski, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, University of Eastern Finland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio; Taru A. Muranen and Heli Nevanlinna, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Vessela Kristensen, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet; Vessela Kristensen, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Polly A. Newcomb and Amy Trentham-Dietz, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; Polly A. Newcomb, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; and Kenneth Offit, Mark Robson, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Mark Robson
- Marjanka K. Schmidt, Frans Hogervorst, Richard van Hien, Sten Cornelissen, Annegien Broeks, and Lizet van der Kolk, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital; Muriel A. Adank, Hanne Meijers, and Quinten Waisfisz, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam; Antoinette Hollestelle, Mieke Schutte, Maartje Hooning, and Caroline Seynaeve, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute; Ans van den Ouweland, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Rob A.E.M. Tollenaar, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Hoda Anton-Culver and Argyrios Ziogas, University of California, Irvine; Peter A. Fasching, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles; Esther M. John, Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont; Esther M. John, Alice S. Whittemore, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Natalia N. Antonenkova, N.N. Alexandrov Research Institute of Oncology and Medical Radiology, Minsk, Belarus; Antonis C. Antoniou, Manjeet K. Bolla, Andrew Lee, Alison M. Dunning, Paul D.P. Pharoah, Qin Wang, and Douglas F. Easton, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; Angela Cox and Simon S. Cross, University of Sheffield, Sheffield; Olivia Fletcher, Michael Jones, and Anthony Swerdlow, The Institute of Cancer Research; Julian Peto, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine; Elinor J. Sawyer, King's College London, London; Jonine Figueroa, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh; Ian Tomlinson, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Volker Arndt, Hiltrud Brauch, Hermann Brenner, Barbara Burwinkel, Jenny Chang-Claude, Anja Rudolph, Harold Surowy, German Cancer Research Center; Barbara Burwinkel and Harald Surowy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Natalia V. Bogdanova, Peter Hillemanns, Tjoung-Won Park-Simon, and Thilo Dörk, Hannover Medical School, Hannover; Hiltrud Brauch, Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart; Hiltrud Brauch, University of Tübingen, Tübingen; Thomas Brüning, Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum; Jenny Chang-Claude, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Peter A. Fasching and Lothar Haeberle, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen; Alfons Meindl, Technische Universität München, Munich; Rita K. Schmutzler, University Hospital of Cologne; Rita K. Schmutzler, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Marina Bermisheva, Ufa Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences; Elza Khusnutdinova, Bashkir State University, Ufa, Russia; Georgia Chenevix-Trench and Amanda B. Spurdle, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane; Graham G. Giles and Roger L. Milne, Cancer Council Victoria; Graham G. Giles, John L. Hopper, Roger L. Milne, and Melissa C. Southey, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Fergus J. Couch and Celine Vachon, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Kamila Czene, Per Hall, Annika Lindblom, and Sara Margolin, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Jonine Figueroa, Montserrat García-Closas, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; Henrik Flyger and Stig Bojesen, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev; Stig Bojesen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Eva Galle, University of Leuven; Eva Galle, Vesalius Research Center; Julie Soens, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium; Anna Jakubowska and Jan Lubinski, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, University of Eastern Finland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio; Taru A. Muranen and Heli Nevanlinna, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Vessela Kristensen, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet; Vessela Kristensen, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Polly A. Newcomb and Amy Trentham-Dietz, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; Polly A. Newcomb, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; and Kenneth Offit, Mark Robson, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Anja Rudolph
- Marjanka K. Schmidt, Frans Hogervorst, Richard van Hien, Sten Cornelissen, Annegien Broeks, and Lizet van der Kolk, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital; Muriel A. Adank, Hanne Meijers, and Quinten Waisfisz, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam; Antoinette Hollestelle, Mieke Schutte, Maartje Hooning, and Caroline Seynaeve, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute; Ans van den Ouweland, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Rob A.E.M. Tollenaar, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Hoda Anton-Culver and Argyrios Ziogas, University of California, Irvine; Peter A. Fasching, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles; Esther M. John, Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont; Esther M. John, Alice S. Whittemore, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Natalia N. Antonenkova, N.N. Alexandrov Research Institute of Oncology and Medical Radiology, Minsk, Belarus; Antonis C. Antoniou, Manjeet K. Bolla, Andrew Lee, Alison M. Dunning, Paul D.P. Pharoah, Qin Wang, and Douglas F. Easton, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; Angela Cox and Simon S. Cross, University of Sheffield, Sheffield; Olivia Fletcher, Michael Jones, and Anthony Swerdlow, The Institute of Cancer Research; Julian Peto, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine; Elinor J. Sawyer, King's College London, London; Jonine Figueroa, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh; Ian Tomlinson, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Volker Arndt, Hiltrud Brauch, Hermann Brenner, Barbara Burwinkel, Jenny Chang-Claude, Anja Rudolph, Harold Surowy, German Cancer Research Center; Barbara Burwinkel and Harald Surowy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Natalia V. Bogdanova, Peter Hillemanns, Tjoung-Won Park-Simon, and Thilo Dörk, Hannover Medical School, Hannover; Hiltrud Brauch, Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart; Hiltrud Brauch, University of Tübingen, Tübingen; Thomas Brüning, Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum; Jenny Chang-Claude, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Peter A. Fasching and Lothar Haeberle, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen; Alfons Meindl, Technische Universität München, Munich; Rita K. Schmutzler, University Hospital of Cologne; Rita K. Schmutzler, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Marina Bermisheva, Ufa Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences; Elza Khusnutdinova, Bashkir State University, Ufa, Russia; Georgia Chenevix-Trench and Amanda B. Spurdle, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane; Graham G. Giles and Roger L. Milne, Cancer Council Victoria; Graham G. Giles, John L. Hopper, Roger L. Milne, and Melissa C. Southey, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Fergus J. Couch and Celine Vachon, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Kamila Czene, Per Hall, Annika Lindblom, and Sara Margolin, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Jonine Figueroa, Montserrat García-Closas, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; Henrik Flyger and Stig Bojesen, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev; Stig Bojesen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Eva Galle, University of Leuven; Eva Galle, Vesalius Research Center; Julie Soens, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium; Anna Jakubowska and Jan Lubinski, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, University of Eastern Finland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio; Taru A. Muranen and Heli Nevanlinna, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Vessela Kristensen, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet; Vessela Kristensen, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Polly A. Newcomb and Amy Trentham-Dietz, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; Polly A. Newcomb, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; and Kenneth Offit, Mark Robson, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Elinor J. Sawyer
- Marjanka K. Schmidt, Frans Hogervorst, Richard van Hien, Sten Cornelissen, Annegien Broeks, and Lizet van der Kolk, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital; Muriel A. Adank, Hanne Meijers, and Quinten Waisfisz, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam; Antoinette Hollestelle, Mieke Schutte, Maartje Hooning, and Caroline Seynaeve, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute; Ans van den Ouweland, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Rob A.E.M. Tollenaar, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Hoda Anton-Culver and Argyrios Ziogas, University of California, Irvine; Peter A. Fasching, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles; Esther M. John, Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont; Esther M. John, Alice S. Whittemore, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Natalia N. Antonenkova, N.N. Alexandrov Research Institute of Oncology and Medical Radiology, Minsk, Belarus; Antonis C. Antoniou, Manjeet K. Bolla, Andrew Lee, Alison M. Dunning, Paul D.P. Pharoah, Qin Wang, and Douglas F. Easton, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; Angela Cox and Simon S. Cross, University of Sheffield, Sheffield; Olivia Fletcher, Michael Jones, and Anthony Swerdlow, The Institute of Cancer Research; Julian Peto, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine; Elinor J. Sawyer, King's College London, London; Jonine Figueroa, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh; Ian Tomlinson, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Volker Arndt, Hiltrud Brauch, Hermann Brenner, Barbara Burwinkel, Jenny Chang-Claude, Anja Rudolph, Harold Surowy, German Cancer Research Center; Barbara Burwinkel and Harald Surowy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Natalia V. Bogdanova, Peter Hillemanns, Tjoung-Won Park-Simon, and Thilo Dörk, Hannover Medical School, Hannover; Hiltrud Brauch, Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart; Hiltrud Brauch, University of Tübingen, Tübingen; Thomas Brüning, Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum; Jenny Chang-Claude, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Peter A. Fasching and Lothar Haeberle, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen; Alfons Meindl, Technische Universität München, Munich; Rita K. Schmutzler, University Hospital of Cologne; Rita K. Schmutzler, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Marina Bermisheva, Ufa Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences; Elza Khusnutdinova, Bashkir State University, Ufa, Russia; Georgia Chenevix-Trench and Amanda B. Spurdle, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane; Graham G. Giles and Roger L. Milne, Cancer Council Victoria; Graham G. Giles, John L. Hopper, Roger L. Milne, and Melissa C. Southey, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Fergus J. Couch and Celine Vachon, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Kamila Czene, Per Hall, Annika Lindblom, and Sara Margolin, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Jonine Figueroa, Montserrat García-Closas, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; Henrik Flyger and Stig Bojesen, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev; Stig Bojesen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Eva Galle, University of Leuven; Eva Galle, Vesalius Research Center; Julie Soens, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium; Anna Jakubowska and Jan Lubinski, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, University of Eastern Finland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio; Taru A. Muranen and Heli Nevanlinna, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Vessela Kristensen, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet; Vessela Kristensen, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Polly A. Newcomb and Amy Trentham-Dietz, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; Polly A. Newcomb, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; and Kenneth Offit, Mark Robson, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Rita K. Schmutzler
- Marjanka K. Schmidt, Frans Hogervorst, Richard van Hien, Sten Cornelissen, Annegien Broeks, and Lizet van der Kolk, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital; Muriel A. Adank, Hanne Meijers, and Quinten Waisfisz, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam; Antoinette Hollestelle, Mieke Schutte, Maartje Hooning, and Caroline Seynaeve, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute; Ans van den Ouweland, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Rob A.E.M. Tollenaar, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Hoda Anton-Culver and Argyrios Ziogas, University of California, Irvine; Peter A. Fasching, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles; Esther M. John, Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont; Esther M. John, Alice S. Whittemore, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Natalia N. Antonenkova, N.N. Alexandrov Research Institute of Oncology and Medical Radiology, Minsk, Belarus; Antonis C. Antoniou, Manjeet K. Bolla, Andrew Lee, Alison M. Dunning, Paul D.P. Pharoah, Qin Wang, and Douglas F. Easton, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; Angela Cox and Simon S. Cross, University of Sheffield, Sheffield; Olivia Fletcher, Michael Jones, and Anthony Swerdlow, The Institute of Cancer Research; Julian Peto, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine; Elinor J. Sawyer, King's College London, London; Jonine Figueroa, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh; Ian Tomlinson, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Volker Arndt, Hiltrud Brauch, Hermann Brenner, Barbara Burwinkel, Jenny Chang-Claude, Anja Rudolph, Harold Surowy, German Cancer Research Center; Barbara Burwinkel and Harald Surowy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Natalia V. Bogdanova, Peter Hillemanns, Tjoung-Won Park-Simon, and Thilo Dörk, Hannover Medical School, Hannover; Hiltrud Brauch, Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart; Hiltrud Brauch, University of Tübingen, Tübingen; Thomas Brüning, Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum; Jenny Chang-Claude, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Peter A. Fasching and Lothar Haeberle, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen; Alfons Meindl, Technische Universität München, Munich; Rita K. Schmutzler, University Hospital of Cologne; Rita K. Schmutzler, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Marina Bermisheva, Ufa Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences; Elza Khusnutdinova, Bashkir State University, Ufa, Russia; Georgia Chenevix-Trench and Amanda B. Spurdle, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane; Graham G. Giles and Roger L. Milne, Cancer Council Victoria; Graham G. Giles, John L. Hopper, Roger L. Milne, and Melissa C. Southey, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Fergus J. Couch and Celine Vachon, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Kamila Czene, Per Hall, Annika Lindblom, and Sara Margolin, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Jonine Figueroa, Montserrat García-Closas, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; Henrik Flyger and Stig Bojesen, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev; Stig Bojesen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Eva Galle, University of Leuven; Eva Galle, Vesalius Research Center; Julie Soens, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium; Anna Jakubowska and Jan Lubinski, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, University of Eastern Finland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio; Taru A. Muranen and Heli Nevanlinna, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Vessela Kristensen, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet; Vessela Kristensen, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Polly A. Newcomb and Amy Trentham-Dietz, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; Polly A. Newcomb, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; and Kenneth Offit, Mark Robson, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Caroline Seynaeve
- Marjanka K. Schmidt, Frans Hogervorst, Richard van Hien, Sten Cornelissen, Annegien Broeks, and Lizet van der Kolk, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital; Muriel A. Adank, Hanne Meijers, and Quinten Waisfisz, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam; Antoinette Hollestelle, Mieke Schutte, Maartje Hooning, and Caroline Seynaeve, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute; Ans van den Ouweland, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Rob A.E.M. Tollenaar, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Hoda Anton-Culver and Argyrios Ziogas, University of California, Irvine; Peter A. Fasching, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles; Esther M. John, Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont; Esther M. John, Alice S. Whittemore, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Natalia N. Antonenkova, N.N. Alexandrov Research Institute of Oncology and Medical Radiology, Minsk, Belarus; Antonis C. Antoniou, Manjeet K. Bolla, Andrew Lee, Alison M. Dunning, Paul D.P. Pharoah, Qin Wang, and Douglas F. Easton, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; Angela Cox and Simon S. Cross, University of Sheffield, Sheffield; Olivia Fletcher, Michael Jones, and Anthony Swerdlow, The Institute of Cancer Research; Julian Peto, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine; Elinor J. Sawyer, King's College London, London; Jonine Figueroa, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh; Ian Tomlinson, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Volker Arndt, Hiltrud Brauch, Hermann Brenner, Barbara Burwinkel, Jenny Chang-Claude, Anja Rudolph, Harold Surowy, German Cancer Research Center; Barbara Burwinkel and Harald Surowy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Natalia V. Bogdanova, Peter Hillemanns, Tjoung-Won Park-Simon, and Thilo Dörk, Hannover Medical School, Hannover; Hiltrud Brauch, Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart; Hiltrud Brauch, University of Tübingen, Tübingen; Thomas Brüning, Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum; Jenny Chang-Claude, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Peter A. Fasching and Lothar Haeberle, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen; Alfons Meindl, Technische Universität München, Munich; Rita K. Schmutzler, University Hospital of Cologne; Rita K. Schmutzler, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Marina Bermisheva, Ufa Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences; Elza Khusnutdinova, Bashkir State University, Ufa, Russia; Georgia Chenevix-Trench and Amanda B. Spurdle, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane; Graham G. Giles and Roger L. Milne, Cancer Council Victoria; Graham G. Giles, John L. Hopper, Roger L. Milne, and Melissa C. Southey, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Fergus J. Couch and Celine Vachon, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Kamila Czene, Per Hall, Annika Lindblom, and Sara Margolin, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Jonine Figueroa, Montserrat García-Closas, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; Henrik Flyger and Stig Bojesen, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev; Stig Bojesen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Eva Galle, University of Leuven; Eva Galle, Vesalius Research Center; Julie Soens, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium; Anna Jakubowska and Jan Lubinski, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, University of Eastern Finland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio; Taru A. Muranen and Heli Nevanlinna, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Vessela Kristensen, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet; Vessela Kristensen, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Polly A. Newcomb and Amy Trentham-Dietz, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; Polly A. Newcomb, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; and Kenneth Offit, Mark Robson, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Julie Soens
- Marjanka K. Schmidt, Frans Hogervorst, Richard van Hien, Sten Cornelissen, Annegien Broeks, and Lizet van der Kolk, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital; Muriel A. Adank, Hanne Meijers, and Quinten Waisfisz, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam; Antoinette Hollestelle, Mieke Schutte, Maartje Hooning, and Caroline Seynaeve, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute; Ans van den Ouweland, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Rob A.E.M. Tollenaar, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Hoda Anton-Culver and Argyrios Ziogas, University of California, Irvine; Peter A. Fasching, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles; Esther M. John, Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont; Esther M. John, Alice S. Whittemore, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Natalia N. Antonenkova, N.N. Alexandrov Research Institute of Oncology and Medical Radiology, Minsk, Belarus; Antonis C. Antoniou, Manjeet K. Bolla, Andrew Lee, Alison M. Dunning, Paul D.P. Pharoah, Qin Wang, and Douglas F. Easton, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; Angela Cox and Simon S. Cross, University of Sheffield, Sheffield; Olivia Fletcher, Michael Jones, and Anthony Swerdlow, The Institute of Cancer Research; Julian Peto, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine; Elinor J. Sawyer, King's College London, London; Jonine Figueroa, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh; Ian Tomlinson, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Volker Arndt, Hiltrud Brauch, Hermann Brenner, Barbara Burwinkel, Jenny Chang-Claude, Anja Rudolph, Harold Surowy, German Cancer Research Center; Barbara Burwinkel and Harald Surowy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Natalia V. Bogdanova, Peter Hillemanns, Tjoung-Won Park-Simon, and Thilo Dörk, Hannover Medical School, Hannover; Hiltrud Brauch, Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart; Hiltrud Brauch, University of Tübingen, Tübingen; Thomas Brüning, Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum; Jenny Chang-Claude, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Peter A. Fasching and Lothar Haeberle, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen; Alfons Meindl, Technische Universität München, Munich; Rita K. Schmutzler, University Hospital of Cologne; Rita K. Schmutzler, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Marina Bermisheva, Ufa Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences; Elza Khusnutdinova, Bashkir State University, Ufa, Russia; Georgia Chenevix-Trench and Amanda B. Spurdle, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane; Graham G. Giles and Roger L. Milne, Cancer Council Victoria; Graham G. Giles, John L. Hopper, Roger L. Milne, and Melissa C. Southey, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Fergus J. Couch and Celine Vachon, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Kamila Czene, Per Hall, Annika Lindblom, and Sara Margolin, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Jonine Figueroa, Montserrat García-Closas, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; Henrik Flyger and Stig Bojesen, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev; Stig Bojesen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Eva Galle, University of Leuven; Eva Galle, Vesalius Research Center; Julie Soens, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium; Anna Jakubowska and Jan Lubinski, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, University of Eastern Finland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio; Taru A. Muranen and Heli Nevanlinna, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Vessela Kristensen, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet; Vessela Kristensen, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Polly A. Newcomb and Amy Trentham-Dietz, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; Polly A. Newcomb, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; and Kenneth Offit, Mark Robson, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Melissa C. Southey
- Marjanka K. Schmidt, Frans Hogervorst, Richard van Hien, Sten Cornelissen, Annegien Broeks, and Lizet van der Kolk, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital; Muriel A. Adank, Hanne Meijers, and Quinten Waisfisz, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam; Antoinette Hollestelle, Mieke Schutte, Maartje Hooning, and Caroline Seynaeve, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute; Ans van den Ouweland, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Rob A.E.M. Tollenaar, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Hoda Anton-Culver and Argyrios Ziogas, University of California, Irvine; Peter A. Fasching, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles; Esther M. John, Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont; Esther M. John, Alice S. Whittemore, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Natalia N. Antonenkova, N.N. Alexandrov Research Institute of Oncology and Medical Radiology, Minsk, Belarus; Antonis C. Antoniou, Manjeet K. Bolla, Andrew Lee, Alison M. Dunning, Paul D.P. Pharoah, Qin Wang, and Douglas F. Easton, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; Angela Cox and Simon S. Cross, University of Sheffield, Sheffield; Olivia Fletcher, Michael Jones, and Anthony Swerdlow, The Institute of Cancer Research; Julian Peto, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine; Elinor J. Sawyer, King's College London, London; Jonine Figueroa, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh; Ian Tomlinson, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Volker Arndt, Hiltrud Brauch, Hermann Brenner, Barbara Burwinkel, Jenny Chang-Claude, Anja Rudolph, Harold Surowy, German Cancer Research Center; Barbara Burwinkel and Harald Surowy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Natalia V. Bogdanova, Peter Hillemanns, Tjoung-Won Park-Simon, and Thilo Dörk, Hannover Medical School, Hannover; Hiltrud Brauch, Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart; Hiltrud Brauch, University of Tübingen, Tübingen; Thomas Brüning, Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum; Jenny Chang-Claude, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Peter A. Fasching and Lothar Haeberle, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen; Alfons Meindl, Technische Universität München, Munich; Rita K. Schmutzler, University Hospital of Cologne; Rita K. Schmutzler, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Marina Bermisheva, Ufa Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences; Elza Khusnutdinova, Bashkir State University, Ufa, Russia; Georgia Chenevix-Trench and Amanda B. Spurdle, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane; Graham G. Giles and Roger L. Milne, Cancer Council Victoria; Graham G. Giles, John L. Hopper, Roger L. Milne, and Melissa C. Southey, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Fergus J. Couch and Celine Vachon, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Kamila Czene, Per Hall, Annika Lindblom, and Sara Margolin, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Jonine Figueroa, Montserrat García-Closas, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; Henrik Flyger and Stig Bojesen, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev; Stig Bojesen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Eva Galle, University of Leuven; Eva Galle, Vesalius Research Center; Julie Soens, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium; Anna Jakubowska and Jan Lubinski, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, University of Eastern Finland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio; Taru A. Muranen and Heli Nevanlinna, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Vessela Kristensen, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet; Vessela Kristensen, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Polly A. Newcomb and Amy Trentham-Dietz, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; Polly A. Newcomb, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; and Kenneth Offit, Mark Robson, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Amanda B. Spurdle
- Marjanka K. Schmidt, Frans Hogervorst, Richard van Hien, Sten Cornelissen, Annegien Broeks, and Lizet van der Kolk, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital; Muriel A. Adank, Hanne Meijers, and Quinten Waisfisz, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam; Antoinette Hollestelle, Mieke Schutte, Maartje Hooning, and Caroline Seynaeve, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute; Ans van den Ouweland, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Rob A.E.M. Tollenaar, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Hoda Anton-Culver and Argyrios Ziogas, University of California, Irvine; Peter A. Fasching, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles; Esther M. John, Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont; Esther M. John, Alice S. Whittemore, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Natalia N. Antonenkova, N.N. Alexandrov Research Institute of Oncology and Medical Radiology, Minsk, Belarus; Antonis C. Antoniou, Manjeet K. Bolla, Andrew Lee, Alison M. Dunning, Paul D.P. Pharoah, Qin Wang, and Douglas F. Easton, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; Angela Cox and Simon S. Cross, University of Sheffield, Sheffield; Olivia Fletcher, Michael Jones, and Anthony Swerdlow, The Institute of Cancer Research; Julian Peto, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine; Elinor J. Sawyer, King's College London, London; Jonine Figueroa, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh; Ian Tomlinson, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Volker Arndt, Hiltrud Brauch, Hermann Brenner, Barbara Burwinkel, Jenny Chang-Claude, Anja Rudolph, Harold Surowy, German Cancer Research Center; Barbara Burwinkel and Harald Surowy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Natalia V. Bogdanova, Peter Hillemanns, Tjoung-Won Park-Simon, and Thilo Dörk, Hannover Medical School, Hannover; Hiltrud Brauch, Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart; Hiltrud Brauch, University of Tübingen, Tübingen; Thomas Brüning, Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum; Jenny Chang-Claude, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Peter A. Fasching and Lothar Haeberle, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen; Alfons Meindl, Technische Universität München, Munich; Rita K. Schmutzler, University Hospital of Cologne; Rita K. Schmutzler, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Marina Bermisheva, Ufa Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences; Elza Khusnutdinova, Bashkir State University, Ufa, Russia; Georgia Chenevix-Trench and Amanda B. Spurdle, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane; Graham G. Giles and Roger L. Milne, Cancer Council Victoria; Graham G. Giles, John L. Hopper, Roger L. Milne, and Melissa C. Southey, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Fergus J. Couch and Celine Vachon, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Kamila Czene, Per Hall, Annika Lindblom, and Sara Margolin, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Jonine Figueroa, Montserrat García-Closas, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; Henrik Flyger and Stig Bojesen, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev; Stig Bojesen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Eva Galle, University of Leuven; Eva Galle, Vesalius Research Center; Julie Soens, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium; Anna Jakubowska and Jan Lubinski, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, University of Eastern Finland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio; Taru A. Muranen and Heli Nevanlinna, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Vessela Kristensen, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet; Vessela Kristensen, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Polly A. Newcomb and Amy Trentham-Dietz, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; Polly A. Newcomb, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; and Kenneth Offit, Mark Robson, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Harald Surowy
- Marjanka K. Schmidt, Frans Hogervorst, Richard van Hien, Sten Cornelissen, Annegien Broeks, and Lizet van der Kolk, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital; Muriel A. Adank, Hanne Meijers, and Quinten Waisfisz, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam; Antoinette Hollestelle, Mieke Schutte, Maartje Hooning, and Caroline Seynaeve, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute; Ans van den Ouweland, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Rob A.E.M. Tollenaar, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Hoda Anton-Culver and Argyrios Ziogas, University of California, Irvine; Peter A. Fasching, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles; Esther M. John, Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont; Esther M. John, Alice S. Whittemore, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Natalia N. Antonenkova, N.N. Alexandrov Research Institute of Oncology and Medical Radiology, Minsk, Belarus; Antonis C. Antoniou, Manjeet K. Bolla, Andrew Lee, Alison M. Dunning, Paul D.P. Pharoah, Qin Wang, and Douglas F. Easton, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; Angela Cox and Simon S. Cross, University of Sheffield, Sheffield; Olivia Fletcher, Michael Jones, and Anthony Swerdlow, The Institute of Cancer Research; Julian Peto, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine; Elinor J. Sawyer, King's College London, London; Jonine Figueroa, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh; Ian Tomlinson, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Volker Arndt, Hiltrud Brauch, Hermann Brenner, Barbara Burwinkel, Jenny Chang-Claude, Anja Rudolph, Harold Surowy, German Cancer Research Center; Barbara Burwinkel and Harald Surowy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Natalia V. Bogdanova, Peter Hillemanns, Tjoung-Won Park-Simon, and Thilo Dörk, Hannover Medical School, Hannover; Hiltrud Brauch, Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart; Hiltrud Brauch, University of Tübingen, Tübingen; Thomas Brüning, Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum; Jenny Chang-Claude, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Peter A. Fasching and Lothar Haeberle, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen; Alfons Meindl, Technische Universität München, Munich; Rita K. Schmutzler, University Hospital of Cologne; Rita K. Schmutzler, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Marina Bermisheva, Ufa Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences; Elza Khusnutdinova, Bashkir State University, Ufa, Russia; Georgia Chenevix-Trench and Amanda B. Spurdle, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane; Graham G. Giles and Roger L. Milne, Cancer Council Victoria; Graham G. Giles, John L. Hopper, Roger L. Milne, and Melissa C. Southey, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Fergus J. Couch and Celine Vachon, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Kamila Czene, Per Hall, Annika Lindblom, and Sara Margolin, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Jonine Figueroa, Montserrat García-Closas, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; Henrik Flyger and Stig Bojesen, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev; Stig Bojesen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Eva Galle, University of Leuven; Eva Galle, Vesalius Research Center; Julie Soens, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium; Anna Jakubowska and Jan Lubinski, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, University of Eastern Finland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio; Taru A. Muranen and Heli Nevanlinna, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Vessela Kristensen, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet; Vessela Kristensen, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Polly A. Newcomb and Amy Trentham-Dietz, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; Polly A. Newcomb, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; and Kenneth Offit, Mark Robson, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Anthony Swerdlow
- Marjanka K. Schmidt, Frans Hogervorst, Richard van Hien, Sten Cornelissen, Annegien Broeks, and Lizet van der Kolk, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital; Muriel A. Adank, Hanne Meijers, and Quinten Waisfisz, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam; Antoinette Hollestelle, Mieke Schutte, Maartje Hooning, and Caroline Seynaeve, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute; Ans van den Ouweland, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Rob A.E.M. Tollenaar, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Hoda Anton-Culver and Argyrios Ziogas, University of California, Irvine; Peter A. Fasching, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles; Esther M. John, Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont; Esther M. John, Alice S. Whittemore, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Natalia N. Antonenkova, N.N. Alexandrov Research Institute of Oncology and Medical Radiology, Minsk, Belarus; Antonis C. Antoniou, Manjeet K. Bolla, Andrew Lee, Alison M. Dunning, Paul D.P. Pharoah, Qin Wang, and Douglas F. Easton, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; Angela Cox and Simon S. Cross, University of Sheffield, Sheffield; Olivia Fletcher, Michael Jones, and Anthony Swerdlow, The Institute of Cancer Research; Julian Peto, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine; Elinor J. Sawyer, King's College London, London; Jonine Figueroa, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh; Ian Tomlinson, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Volker Arndt, Hiltrud Brauch, Hermann Brenner, Barbara Burwinkel, Jenny Chang-Claude, Anja Rudolph, Harold Surowy, German Cancer Research Center; Barbara Burwinkel and Harald Surowy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Natalia V. Bogdanova, Peter Hillemanns, Tjoung-Won Park-Simon, and Thilo Dörk, Hannover Medical School, Hannover; Hiltrud Brauch, Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart; Hiltrud Brauch, University of Tübingen, Tübingen; Thomas Brüning, Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum; Jenny Chang-Claude, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Peter A. Fasching and Lothar Haeberle, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen; Alfons Meindl, Technische Universität München, Munich; Rita K. Schmutzler, University Hospital of Cologne; Rita K. Schmutzler, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Marina Bermisheva, Ufa Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences; Elza Khusnutdinova, Bashkir State University, Ufa, Russia; Georgia Chenevix-Trench and Amanda B. Spurdle, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane; Graham G. Giles and Roger L. Milne, Cancer Council Victoria; Graham G. Giles, John L. Hopper, Roger L. Milne, and Melissa C. Southey, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Fergus J. Couch and Celine Vachon, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Kamila Czene, Per Hall, Annika Lindblom, and Sara Margolin, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Jonine Figueroa, Montserrat García-Closas, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; Henrik Flyger and Stig Bojesen, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev; Stig Bojesen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Eva Galle, University of Leuven; Eva Galle, Vesalius Research Center; Julie Soens, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium; Anna Jakubowska and Jan Lubinski, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, University of Eastern Finland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio; Taru A. Muranen and Heli Nevanlinna, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Vessela Kristensen, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet; Vessela Kristensen, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Polly A. Newcomb and Amy Trentham-Dietz, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; Polly A. Newcomb, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; and Kenneth Offit, Mark Robson, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Rob A.E.M. Tollenaar
- Marjanka K. Schmidt, Frans Hogervorst, Richard van Hien, Sten Cornelissen, Annegien Broeks, and Lizet van der Kolk, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital; Muriel A. Adank, Hanne Meijers, and Quinten Waisfisz, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam; Antoinette Hollestelle, Mieke Schutte, Maartje Hooning, and Caroline Seynaeve, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute; Ans van den Ouweland, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Rob A.E.M. Tollenaar, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Hoda Anton-Culver and Argyrios Ziogas, University of California, Irvine; Peter A. Fasching, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles; Esther M. John, Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont; Esther M. John, Alice S. Whittemore, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Natalia N. Antonenkova, N.N. Alexandrov Research Institute of Oncology and Medical Radiology, Minsk, Belarus; Antonis C. Antoniou, Manjeet K. Bolla, Andrew Lee, Alison M. Dunning, Paul D.P. Pharoah, Qin Wang, and Douglas F. Easton, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; Angela Cox and Simon S. Cross, University of Sheffield, Sheffield; Olivia Fletcher, Michael Jones, and Anthony Swerdlow, The Institute of Cancer Research; Julian Peto, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine; Elinor J. Sawyer, King's College London, London; Jonine Figueroa, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh; Ian Tomlinson, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Volker Arndt, Hiltrud Brauch, Hermann Brenner, Barbara Burwinkel, Jenny Chang-Claude, Anja Rudolph, Harold Surowy, German Cancer Research Center; Barbara Burwinkel and Harald Surowy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Natalia V. Bogdanova, Peter Hillemanns, Tjoung-Won Park-Simon, and Thilo Dörk, Hannover Medical School, Hannover; Hiltrud Brauch, Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart; Hiltrud Brauch, University of Tübingen, Tübingen; Thomas Brüning, Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum; Jenny Chang-Claude, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Peter A. Fasching and Lothar Haeberle, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen; Alfons Meindl, Technische Universität München, Munich; Rita K. Schmutzler, University Hospital of Cologne; Rita K. Schmutzler, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Marina Bermisheva, Ufa Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences; Elza Khusnutdinova, Bashkir State University, Ufa, Russia; Georgia Chenevix-Trench and Amanda B. Spurdle, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane; Graham G. Giles and Roger L. Milne, Cancer Council Victoria; Graham G. Giles, John L. Hopper, Roger L. Milne, and Melissa C. Southey, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Fergus J. Couch and Celine Vachon, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Kamila Czene, Per Hall, Annika Lindblom, and Sara Margolin, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Jonine Figueroa, Montserrat García-Closas, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; Henrik Flyger and Stig Bojesen, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev; Stig Bojesen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Eva Galle, University of Leuven; Eva Galle, Vesalius Research Center; Julie Soens, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium; Anna Jakubowska and Jan Lubinski, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, University of Eastern Finland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio; Taru A. Muranen and Heli Nevanlinna, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Vessela Kristensen, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet; Vessela Kristensen, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Polly A. Newcomb and Amy Trentham-Dietz, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; Polly A. Newcomb, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; and Kenneth Offit, Mark Robson, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Ian Tomlinson
- Marjanka K. Schmidt, Frans Hogervorst, Richard van Hien, Sten Cornelissen, Annegien Broeks, and Lizet van der Kolk, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital; Muriel A. Adank, Hanne Meijers, and Quinten Waisfisz, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam; Antoinette Hollestelle, Mieke Schutte, Maartje Hooning, and Caroline Seynaeve, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute; Ans van den Ouweland, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Rob A.E.M. Tollenaar, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Hoda Anton-Culver and Argyrios Ziogas, University of California, Irvine; Peter A. Fasching, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles; Esther M. John, Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont; Esther M. John, Alice S. Whittemore, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Natalia N. Antonenkova, N.N. Alexandrov Research Institute of Oncology and Medical Radiology, Minsk, Belarus; Antonis C. Antoniou, Manjeet K. Bolla, Andrew Lee, Alison M. Dunning, Paul D.P. Pharoah, Qin Wang, and Douglas F. Easton, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; Angela Cox and Simon S. Cross, University of Sheffield, Sheffield; Olivia Fletcher, Michael Jones, and Anthony Swerdlow, The Institute of Cancer Research; Julian Peto, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine; Elinor J. Sawyer, King's College London, London; Jonine Figueroa, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh; Ian Tomlinson, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Volker Arndt, Hiltrud Brauch, Hermann Brenner, Barbara Burwinkel, Jenny Chang-Claude, Anja Rudolph, Harold Surowy, German Cancer Research Center; Barbara Burwinkel and Harald Surowy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Natalia V. Bogdanova, Peter Hillemanns, Tjoung-Won Park-Simon, and Thilo Dörk, Hannover Medical School, Hannover; Hiltrud Brauch, Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart; Hiltrud Brauch, University of Tübingen, Tübingen; Thomas Brüning, Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum; Jenny Chang-Claude, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Peter A. Fasching and Lothar Haeberle, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen; Alfons Meindl, Technische Universität München, Munich; Rita K. Schmutzler, University Hospital of Cologne; Rita K. Schmutzler, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Marina Bermisheva, Ufa Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences; Elza Khusnutdinova, Bashkir State University, Ufa, Russia; Georgia Chenevix-Trench and Amanda B. Spurdle, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane; Graham G. Giles and Roger L. Milne, Cancer Council Victoria; Graham G. Giles, John L. Hopper, Roger L. Milne, and Melissa C. Southey, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Fergus J. Couch and Celine Vachon, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Kamila Czene, Per Hall, Annika Lindblom, and Sara Margolin, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Jonine Figueroa, Montserrat García-Closas, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; Henrik Flyger and Stig Bojesen, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev; Stig Bojesen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Eva Galle, University of Leuven; Eva Galle, Vesalius Research Center; Julie Soens, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium; Anna Jakubowska and Jan Lubinski, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, University of Eastern Finland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio; Taru A. Muranen and Heli Nevanlinna, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Vessela Kristensen, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet; Vessela Kristensen, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Polly A. Newcomb and Amy Trentham-Dietz, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; Polly A. Newcomb, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; and Kenneth Offit, Mark Robson, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Amy Trentham-Dietz
- Marjanka K. Schmidt, Frans Hogervorst, Richard van Hien, Sten Cornelissen, Annegien Broeks, and Lizet van der Kolk, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital; Muriel A. Adank, Hanne Meijers, and Quinten Waisfisz, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam; Antoinette Hollestelle, Mieke Schutte, Maartje Hooning, and Caroline Seynaeve, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute; Ans van den Ouweland, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Rob A.E.M. Tollenaar, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Hoda Anton-Culver and Argyrios Ziogas, University of California, Irvine; Peter A. Fasching, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles; Esther M. John, Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont; Esther M. John, Alice S. Whittemore, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Natalia N. Antonenkova, N.N. Alexandrov Research Institute of Oncology and Medical Radiology, Minsk, Belarus; Antonis C. Antoniou, Manjeet K. Bolla, Andrew Lee, Alison M. Dunning, Paul D.P. Pharoah, Qin Wang, and Douglas F. Easton, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; Angela Cox and Simon S. Cross, University of Sheffield, Sheffield; Olivia Fletcher, Michael Jones, and Anthony Swerdlow, The Institute of Cancer Research; Julian Peto, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine; Elinor J. Sawyer, King's College London, London; Jonine Figueroa, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh; Ian Tomlinson, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Volker Arndt, Hiltrud Brauch, Hermann Brenner, Barbara Burwinkel, Jenny Chang-Claude, Anja Rudolph, Harold Surowy, German Cancer Research Center; Barbara Burwinkel and Harald Surowy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Natalia V. Bogdanova, Peter Hillemanns, Tjoung-Won Park-Simon, and Thilo Dörk, Hannover Medical School, Hannover; Hiltrud Brauch, Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart; Hiltrud Brauch, University of Tübingen, Tübingen; Thomas Brüning, Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum; Jenny Chang-Claude, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Peter A. Fasching and Lothar Haeberle, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen; Alfons Meindl, Technische Universität München, Munich; Rita K. Schmutzler, University Hospital of Cologne; Rita K. Schmutzler, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Marina Bermisheva, Ufa Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences; Elza Khusnutdinova, Bashkir State University, Ufa, Russia; Georgia Chenevix-Trench and Amanda B. Spurdle, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane; Graham G. Giles and Roger L. Milne, Cancer Council Victoria; Graham G. Giles, John L. Hopper, Roger L. Milne, and Melissa C. Southey, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Fergus J. Couch and Celine Vachon, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Kamila Czene, Per Hall, Annika Lindblom, and Sara Margolin, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Jonine Figueroa, Montserrat García-Closas, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; Henrik Flyger and Stig Bojesen, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev; Stig Bojesen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Eva Galle, University of Leuven; Eva Galle, Vesalius Research Center; Julie Soens, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium; Anna Jakubowska and Jan Lubinski, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, University of Eastern Finland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio; Taru A. Muranen and Heli Nevanlinna, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Vessela Kristensen, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet; Vessela Kristensen, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Polly A. Newcomb and Amy Trentham-Dietz, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; Polly A. Newcomb, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; and Kenneth Offit, Mark Robson, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Celine Vachon
- Marjanka K. Schmidt, Frans Hogervorst, Richard van Hien, Sten Cornelissen, Annegien Broeks, and Lizet van der Kolk, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital; Muriel A. Adank, Hanne Meijers, and Quinten Waisfisz, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam; Antoinette Hollestelle, Mieke Schutte, Maartje Hooning, and Caroline Seynaeve, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute; Ans van den Ouweland, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Rob A.E.M. Tollenaar, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Hoda Anton-Culver and Argyrios Ziogas, University of California, Irvine; Peter A. Fasching, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles; Esther M. John, Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont; Esther M. John, Alice S. Whittemore, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Natalia N. Antonenkova, N.N. Alexandrov Research Institute of Oncology and Medical Radiology, Minsk, Belarus; Antonis C. Antoniou, Manjeet K. Bolla, Andrew Lee, Alison M. Dunning, Paul D.P. Pharoah, Qin Wang, and Douglas F. Easton, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; Angela Cox and Simon S. Cross, University of Sheffield, Sheffield; Olivia Fletcher, Michael Jones, and Anthony Swerdlow, The Institute of Cancer Research; Julian Peto, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine; Elinor J. Sawyer, King's College London, London; Jonine Figueroa, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh; Ian Tomlinson, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Volker Arndt, Hiltrud Brauch, Hermann Brenner, Barbara Burwinkel, Jenny Chang-Claude, Anja Rudolph, Harold Surowy, German Cancer Research Center; Barbara Burwinkel and Harald Surowy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Natalia V. Bogdanova, Peter Hillemanns, Tjoung-Won Park-Simon, and Thilo Dörk, Hannover Medical School, Hannover; Hiltrud Brauch, Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart; Hiltrud Brauch, University of Tübingen, Tübingen; Thomas Brüning, Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum; Jenny Chang-Claude, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Peter A. Fasching and Lothar Haeberle, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen; Alfons Meindl, Technische Universität München, Munich; Rita K. Schmutzler, University Hospital of Cologne; Rita K. Schmutzler, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Marina Bermisheva, Ufa Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences; Elza Khusnutdinova, Bashkir State University, Ufa, Russia; Georgia Chenevix-Trench and Amanda B. Spurdle, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane; Graham G. Giles and Roger L. Milne, Cancer Council Victoria; Graham G. Giles, John L. Hopper, Roger L. Milne, and Melissa C. Southey, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Fergus J. Couch and Celine Vachon, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Kamila Czene, Per Hall, Annika Lindblom, and Sara Margolin, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Jonine Figueroa, Montserrat García-Closas, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; Henrik Flyger and Stig Bojesen, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev; Stig Bojesen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Eva Galle, University of Leuven; Eva Galle, Vesalius Research Center; Julie Soens, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium; Anna Jakubowska and Jan Lubinski, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, University of Eastern Finland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio; Taru A. Muranen and Heli Nevanlinna, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Vessela Kristensen, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet; Vessela Kristensen, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Polly A. Newcomb and Amy Trentham-Dietz, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; Polly A. Newcomb, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; and Kenneth Offit, Mark Robson, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Qin Wang
- Marjanka K. Schmidt, Frans Hogervorst, Richard van Hien, Sten Cornelissen, Annegien Broeks, and Lizet van der Kolk, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital; Muriel A. Adank, Hanne Meijers, and Quinten Waisfisz, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam; Antoinette Hollestelle, Mieke Schutte, Maartje Hooning, and Caroline Seynaeve, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute; Ans van den Ouweland, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Rob A.E.M. Tollenaar, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Hoda Anton-Culver and Argyrios Ziogas, University of California, Irvine; Peter A. Fasching, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles; Esther M. John, Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont; Esther M. John, Alice S. Whittemore, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Natalia N. Antonenkova, N.N. Alexandrov Research Institute of Oncology and Medical Radiology, Minsk, Belarus; Antonis C. Antoniou, Manjeet K. Bolla, Andrew Lee, Alison M. Dunning, Paul D.P. Pharoah, Qin Wang, and Douglas F. Easton, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; Angela Cox and Simon S. Cross, University of Sheffield, Sheffield; Olivia Fletcher, Michael Jones, and Anthony Swerdlow, The Institute of Cancer Research; Julian Peto, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine; Elinor J. Sawyer, King's College London, London; Jonine Figueroa, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh; Ian Tomlinson, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Volker Arndt, Hiltrud Brauch, Hermann Brenner, Barbara Burwinkel, Jenny Chang-Claude, Anja Rudolph, Harold Surowy, German Cancer Research Center; Barbara Burwinkel and Harald Surowy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Natalia V. Bogdanova, Peter Hillemanns, Tjoung-Won Park-Simon, and Thilo Dörk, Hannover Medical School, Hannover; Hiltrud Brauch, Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart; Hiltrud Brauch, University of Tübingen, Tübingen; Thomas Brüning, Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum; Jenny Chang-Claude, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Peter A. Fasching and Lothar Haeberle, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen; Alfons Meindl, Technische Universität München, Munich; Rita K. Schmutzler, University Hospital of Cologne; Rita K. Schmutzler, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Marina Bermisheva, Ufa Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences; Elza Khusnutdinova, Bashkir State University, Ufa, Russia; Georgia Chenevix-Trench and Amanda B. Spurdle, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane; Graham G. Giles and Roger L. Milne, Cancer Council Victoria; Graham G. Giles, John L. Hopper, Roger L. Milne, and Melissa C. Southey, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Fergus J. Couch and Celine Vachon, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Kamila Czene, Per Hall, Annika Lindblom, and Sara Margolin, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Jonine Figueroa, Montserrat García-Closas, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; Henrik Flyger and Stig Bojesen, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev; Stig Bojesen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Eva Galle, University of Leuven; Eva Galle, Vesalius Research Center; Julie Soens, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium; Anna Jakubowska and Jan Lubinski, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, University of Eastern Finland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio; Taru A. Muranen and Heli Nevanlinna, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Vessela Kristensen, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet; Vessela Kristensen, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Polly A. Newcomb and Amy Trentham-Dietz, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; Polly A. Newcomb, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; and Kenneth Offit, Mark Robson, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Alice S. Whittemore
- Marjanka K. Schmidt, Frans Hogervorst, Richard van Hien, Sten Cornelissen, Annegien Broeks, and Lizet van der Kolk, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital; Muriel A. Adank, Hanne Meijers, and Quinten Waisfisz, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam; Antoinette Hollestelle, Mieke Schutte, Maartje Hooning, and Caroline Seynaeve, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute; Ans van den Ouweland, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Rob A.E.M. Tollenaar, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Hoda Anton-Culver and Argyrios Ziogas, University of California, Irvine; Peter A. Fasching, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles; Esther M. John, Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont; Esther M. John, Alice S. Whittemore, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Natalia N. Antonenkova, N.N. Alexandrov Research Institute of Oncology and Medical Radiology, Minsk, Belarus; Antonis C. Antoniou, Manjeet K. Bolla, Andrew Lee, Alison M. Dunning, Paul D.P. Pharoah, Qin Wang, and Douglas F. Easton, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; Angela Cox and Simon S. Cross, University of Sheffield, Sheffield; Olivia Fletcher, Michael Jones, and Anthony Swerdlow, The Institute of Cancer Research; Julian Peto, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine; Elinor J. Sawyer, King's College London, London; Jonine Figueroa, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh; Ian Tomlinson, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Volker Arndt, Hiltrud Brauch, Hermann Brenner, Barbara Burwinkel, Jenny Chang-Claude, Anja Rudolph, Harold Surowy, German Cancer Research Center; Barbara Burwinkel and Harald Surowy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Natalia V. Bogdanova, Peter Hillemanns, Tjoung-Won Park-Simon, and Thilo Dörk, Hannover Medical School, Hannover; Hiltrud Brauch, Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart; Hiltrud Brauch, University of Tübingen, Tübingen; Thomas Brüning, Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum; Jenny Chang-Claude, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Peter A. Fasching and Lothar Haeberle, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen; Alfons Meindl, Technische Universität München, Munich; Rita K. Schmutzler, University Hospital of Cologne; Rita K. Schmutzler, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Marina Bermisheva, Ufa Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences; Elza Khusnutdinova, Bashkir State University, Ufa, Russia; Georgia Chenevix-Trench and Amanda B. Spurdle, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane; Graham G. Giles and Roger L. Milne, Cancer Council Victoria; Graham G. Giles, John L. Hopper, Roger L. Milne, and Melissa C. Southey, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Fergus J. Couch and Celine Vachon, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Kamila Czene, Per Hall, Annika Lindblom, and Sara Margolin, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Jonine Figueroa, Montserrat García-Closas, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; Henrik Flyger and Stig Bojesen, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev; Stig Bojesen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Eva Galle, University of Leuven; Eva Galle, Vesalius Research Center; Julie Soens, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium; Anna Jakubowska and Jan Lubinski, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, University of Eastern Finland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio; Taru A. Muranen and Heli Nevanlinna, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Vessela Kristensen, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet; Vessela Kristensen, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Polly A. Newcomb and Amy Trentham-Dietz, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; Polly A. Newcomb, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; and Kenneth Offit, Mark Robson, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Argyrios Ziogas
- Marjanka K. Schmidt, Frans Hogervorst, Richard van Hien, Sten Cornelissen, Annegien Broeks, and Lizet van der Kolk, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital; Muriel A. Adank, Hanne Meijers, and Quinten Waisfisz, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam; Antoinette Hollestelle, Mieke Schutte, Maartje Hooning, and Caroline Seynaeve, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute; Ans van den Ouweland, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Rob A.E.M. Tollenaar, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Hoda Anton-Culver and Argyrios Ziogas, University of California, Irvine; Peter A. Fasching, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles; Esther M. John, Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont; Esther M. John, Alice S. Whittemore, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Natalia N. Antonenkova, N.N. Alexandrov Research Institute of Oncology and Medical Radiology, Minsk, Belarus; Antonis C. Antoniou, Manjeet K. Bolla, Andrew Lee, Alison M. Dunning, Paul D.P. Pharoah, Qin Wang, and Douglas F. Easton, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; Angela Cox and Simon S. Cross, University of Sheffield, Sheffield; Olivia Fletcher, Michael Jones, and Anthony Swerdlow, The Institute of Cancer Research; Julian Peto, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine; Elinor J. Sawyer, King's College London, London; Jonine Figueroa, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh; Ian Tomlinson, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Volker Arndt, Hiltrud Brauch, Hermann Brenner, Barbara Burwinkel, Jenny Chang-Claude, Anja Rudolph, Harold Surowy, German Cancer Research Center; Barbara Burwinkel and Harald Surowy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Natalia V. Bogdanova, Peter Hillemanns, Tjoung-Won Park-Simon, and Thilo Dörk, Hannover Medical School, Hannover; Hiltrud Brauch, Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart; Hiltrud Brauch, University of Tübingen, Tübingen; Thomas Brüning, Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum; Jenny Chang-Claude, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Peter A. Fasching and Lothar Haeberle, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen; Alfons Meindl, Technische Universität München, Munich; Rita K. Schmutzler, University Hospital of Cologne; Rita K. Schmutzler, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Marina Bermisheva, Ufa Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences; Elza Khusnutdinova, Bashkir State University, Ufa, Russia; Georgia Chenevix-Trench and Amanda B. Spurdle, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane; Graham G. Giles and Roger L. Milne, Cancer Council Victoria; Graham G. Giles, John L. Hopper, Roger L. Milne, and Melissa C. Southey, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Fergus J. Couch and Celine Vachon, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Kamila Czene, Per Hall, Annika Lindblom, and Sara Margolin, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Jonine Figueroa, Montserrat García-Closas, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; Henrik Flyger and Stig Bojesen, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev; Stig Bojesen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Eva Galle, University of Leuven; Eva Galle, Vesalius Research Center; Julie Soens, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium; Anna Jakubowska and Jan Lubinski, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, University of Eastern Finland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio; Taru A. Muranen and Heli Nevanlinna, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Vessela Kristensen, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet; Vessela Kristensen, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Polly A. Newcomb and Amy Trentham-Dietz, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; Polly A. Newcomb, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; and Kenneth Offit, Mark Robson, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Lizet van der Kolk
- Marjanka K. Schmidt, Frans Hogervorst, Richard van Hien, Sten Cornelissen, Annegien Broeks, and Lizet van der Kolk, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital; Muriel A. Adank, Hanne Meijers, and Quinten Waisfisz, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam; Antoinette Hollestelle, Mieke Schutte, Maartje Hooning, and Caroline Seynaeve, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute; Ans van den Ouweland, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Rob A.E.M. Tollenaar, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Hoda Anton-Culver and Argyrios Ziogas, University of California, Irvine; Peter A. Fasching, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles; Esther M. John, Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont; Esther M. John, Alice S. Whittemore, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Natalia N. Antonenkova, N.N. Alexandrov Research Institute of Oncology and Medical Radiology, Minsk, Belarus; Antonis C. Antoniou, Manjeet K. Bolla, Andrew Lee, Alison M. Dunning, Paul D.P. Pharoah, Qin Wang, and Douglas F. Easton, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; Angela Cox and Simon S. Cross, University of Sheffield, Sheffield; Olivia Fletcher, Michael Jones, and Anthony Swerdlow, The Institute of Cancer Research; Julian Peto, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine; Elinor J. Sawyer, King's College London, London; Jonine Figueroa, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh; Ian Tomlinson, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Volker Arndt, Hiltrud Brauch, Hermann Brenner, Barbara Burwinkel, Jenny Chang-Claude, Anja Rudolph, Harold Surowy, German Cancer Research Center; Barbara Burwinkel and Harald Surowy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Natalia V. Bogdanova, Peter Hillemanns, Tjoung-Won Park-Simon, and Thilo Dörk, Hannover Medical School, Hannover; Hiltrud Brauch, Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart; Hiltrud Brauch, University of Tübingen, Tübingen; Thomas Brüning, Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum; Jenny Chang-Claude, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Peter A. Fasching and Lothar Haeberle, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen; Alfons Meindl, Technische Universität München, Munich; Rita K. Schmutzler, University Hospital of Cologne; Rita K. Schmutzler, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Marina Bermisheva, Ufa Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences; Elza Khusnutdinova, Bashkir State University, Ufa, Russia; Georgia Chenevix-Trench and Amanda B. Spurdle, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane; Graham G. Giles and Roger L. Milne, Cancer Council Victoria; Graham G. Giles, John L. Hopper, Roger L. Milne, and Melissa C. Southey, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Fergus J. Couch and Celine Vachon, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Kamila Czene, Per Hall, Annika Lindblom, and Sara Margolin, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Jonine Figueroa, Montserrat García-Closas, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; Henrik Flyger and Stig Bojesen, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev; Stig Bojesen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Eva Galle, University of Leuven; Eva Galle, Vesalius Research Center; Julie Soens, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium; Anna Jakubowska and Jan Lubinski, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, University of Eastern Finland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio; Taru A. Muranen and Heli Nevanlinna, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Vessela Kristensen, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet; Vessela Kristensen, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Polly A. Newcomb and Amy Trentham-Dietz, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; Polly A. Newcomb, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; and Kenneth Offit, Mark Robson, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Heli Nevanlinna
- Marjanka K. Schmidt, Frans Hogervorst, Richard van Hien, Sten Cornelissen, Annegien Broeks, and Lizet van der Kolk, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital; Muriel A. Adank, Hanne Meijers, and Quinten Waisfisz, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam; Antoinette Hollestelle, Mieke Schutte, Maartje Hooning, and Caroline Seynaeve, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute; Ans van den Ouweland, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Rob A.E.M. Tollenaar, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Hoda Anton-Culver and Argyrios Ziogas, University of California, Irvine; Peter A. Fasching, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles; Esther M. John, Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont; Esther M. John, Alice S. Whittemore, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Natalia N. Antonenkova, N.N. Alexandrov Research Institute of Oncology and Medical Radiology, Minsk, Belarus; Antonis C. Antoniou, Manjeet K. Bolla, Andrew Lee, Alison M. Dunning, Paul D.P. Pharoah, Qin Wang, and Douglas F. Easton, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; Angela Cox and Simon S. Cross, University of Sheffield, Sheffield; Olivia Fletcher, Michael Jones, and Anthony Swerdlow, The Institute of Cancer Research; Julian Peto, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine; Elinor J. Sawyer, King's College London, London; Jonine Figueroa, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh; Ian Tomlinson, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Volker Arndt, Hiltrud Brauch, Hermann Brenner, Barbara Burwinkel, Jenny Chang-Claude, Anja Rudolph, Harold Surowy, German Cancer Research Center; Barbara Burwinkel and Harald Surowy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Natalia V. Bogdanova, Peter Hillemanns, Tjoung-Won Park-Simon, and Thilo Dörk, Hannover Medical School, Hannover; Hiltrud Brauch, Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart; Hiltrud Brauch, University of Tübingen, Tübingen; Thomas Brüning, Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum; Jenny Chang-Claude, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Peter A. Fasching and Lothar Haeberle, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen; Alfons Meindl, Technische Universität München, Munich; Rita K. Schmutzler, University Hospital of Cologne; Rita K. Schmutzler, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Marina Bermisheva, Ufa Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences; Elza Khusnutdinova, Bashkir State University, Ufa, Russia; Georgia Chenevix-Trench and Amanda B. Spurdle, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane; Graham G. Giles and Roger L. Milne, Cancer Council Victoria; Graham G. Giles, John L. Hopper, Roger L. Milne, and Melissa C. Southey, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Fergus J. Couch and Celine Vachon, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Kamila Czene, Per Hall, Annika Lindblom, and Sara Margolin, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Jonine Figueroa, Montserrat García-Closas, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; Henrik Flyger and Stig Bojesen, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev; Stig Bojesen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Eva Galle, University of Leuven; Eva Galle, Vesalius Research Center; Julie Soens, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium; Anna Jakubowska and Jan Lubinski, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, University of Eastern Finland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio; Taru A. Muranen and Heli Nevanlinna, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Vessela Kristensen, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet; Vessela Kristensen, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Polly A. Newcomb and Amy Trentham-Dietz, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; Polly A. Newcomb, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; and Kenneth Offit, Mark Robson, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Thilo Dörk
- Marjanka K. Schmidt, Frans Hogervorst, Richard van Hien, Sten Cornelissen, Annegien Broeks, and Lizet van der Kolk, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital; Muriel A. Adank, Hanne Meijers, and Quinten Waisfisz, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam; Antoinette Hollestelle, Mieke Schutte, Maartje Hooning, and Caroline Seynaeve, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute; Ans van den Ouweland, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Rob A.E.M. Tollenaar, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Hoda Anton-Culver and Argyrios Ziogas, University of California, Irvine; Peter A. Fasching, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles; Esther M. John, Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont; Esther M. John, Alice S. Whittemore, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Natalia N. Antonenkova, N.N. Alexandrov Research Institute of Oncology and Medical Radiology, Minsk, Belarus; Antonis C. Antoniou, Manjeet K. Bolla, Andrew Lee, Alison M. Dunning, Paul D.P. Pharoah, Qin Wang, and Douglas F. Easton, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; Angela Cox and Simon S. Cross, University of Sheffield, Sheffield; Olivia Fletcher, Michael Jones, and Anthony Swerdlow, The Institute of Cancer Research; Julian Peto, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine; Elinor J. Sawyer, King's College London, London; Jonine Figueroa, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh; Ian Tomlinson, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Volker Arndt, Hiltrud Brauch, Hermann Brenner, Barbara Burwinkel, Jenny Chang-Claude, Anja Rudolph, Harold Surowy, German Cancer Research Center; Barbara Burwinkel and Harald Surowy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Natalia V. Bogdanova, Peter Hillemanns, Tjoung-Won Park-Simon, and Thilo Dörk, Hannover Medical School, Hannover; Hiltrud Brauch, Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart; Hiltrud Brauch, University of Tübingen, Tübingen; Thomas Brüning, Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum; Jenny Chang-Claude, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Peter A. Fasching and Lothar Haeberle, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen; Alfons Meindl, Technische Universität München, Munich; Rita K. Schmutzler, University Hospital of Cologne; Rita K. Schmutzler, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Marina Bermisheva, Ufa Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences; Elza Khusnutdinova, Bashkir State University, Ufa, Russia; Georgia Chenevix-Trench and Amanda B. Spurdle, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane; Graham G. Giles and Roger L. Milne, Cancer Council Victoria; Graham G. Giles, John L. Hopper, Roger L. Milne, and Melissa C. Southey, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Fergus J. Couch and Celine Vachon, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Kamila Czene, Per Hall, Annika Lindblom, and Sara Margolin, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Jonine Figueroa, Montserrat García-Closas, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; Henrik Flyger and Stig Bojesen, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev; Stig Bojesen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Eva Galle, University of Leuven; Eva Galle, Vesalius Research Center; Julie Soens, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium; Anna Jakubowska and Jan Lubinski, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, University of Eastern Finland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio; Taru A. Muranen and Heli Nevanlinna, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Vessela Kristensen, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet; Vessela Kristensen, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Polly A. Newcomb and Amy Trentham-Dietz, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; Polly A. Newcomb, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; and Kenneth Offit, Mark Robson, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Stig Bojesen
- Marjanka K. Schmidt, Frans Hogervorst, Richard van Hien, Sten Cornelissen, Annegien Broeks, and Lizet van der Kolk, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital; Muriel A. Adank, Hanne Meijers, and Quinten Waisfisz, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam; Antoinette Hollestelle, Mieke Schutte, Maartje Hooning, and Caroline Seynaeve, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute; Ans van den Ouweland, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Rob A.E.M. Tollenaar, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Hoda Anton-Culver and Argyrios Ziogas, University of California, Irvine; Peter A. Fasching, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles; Esther M. John, Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont; Esther M. John, Alice S. Whittemore, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Natalia N. Antonenkova, N.N. Alexandrov Research Institute of Oncology and Medical Radiology, Minsk, Belarus; Antonis C. Antoniou, Manjeet K. Bolla, Andrew Lee, Alison M. Dunning, Paul D.P. Pharoah, Qin Wang, and Douglas F. Easton, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; Angela Cox and Simon S. Cross, University of Sheffield, Sheffield; Olivia Fletcher, Michael Jones, and Anthony Swerdlow, The Institute of Cancer Research; Julian Peto, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine; Elinor J. Sawyer, King's College London, London; Jonine Figueroa, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh; Ian Tomlinson, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Volker Arndt, Hiltrud Brauch, Hermann Brenner, Barbara Burwinkel, Jenny Chang-Claude, Anja Rudolph, Harold Surowy, German Cancer Research Center; Barbara Burwinkel and Harald Surowy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Natalia V. Bogdanova, Peter Hillemanns, Tjoung-Won Park-Simon, and Thilo Dörk, Hannover Medical School, Hannover; Hiltrud Brauch, Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart; Hiltrud Brauch, University of Tübingen, Tübingen; Thomas Brüning, Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum; Jenny Chang-Claude, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Peter A. Fasching and Lothar Haeberle, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen; Alfons Meindl, Technische Universität München, Munich; Rita K. Schmutzler, University Hospital of Cologne; Rita K. Schmutzler, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Marina Bermisheva, Ufa Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences; Elza Khusnutdinova, Bashkir State University, Ufa, Russia; Georgia Chenevix-Trench and Amanda B. Spurdle, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane; Graham G. Giles and Roger L. Milne, Cancer Council Victoria; Graham G. Giles, John L. Hopper, Roger L. Milne, and Melissa C. Southey, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Fergus J. Couch and Celine Vachon, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Kamila Czene, Per Hall, Annika Lindblom, and Sara Margolin, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Jonine Figueroa, Montserrat García-Closas, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; Henrik Flyger and Stig Bojesen, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev; Stig Bojesen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Eva Galle, University of Leuven; Eva Galle, Vesalius Research Center; Julie Soens, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium; Anna Jakubowska and Jan Lubinski, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, University of Eastern Finland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio; Taru A. Muranen and Heli Nevanlinna, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Vessela Kristensen, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet; Vessela Kristensen, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Polly A. Newcomb and Amy Trentham-Dietz, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; Polly A. Newcomb, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; and Kenneth Offit, Mark Robson, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Douglas F. Easton
- Marjanka K. Schmidt, Frans Hogervorst, Richard van Hien, Sten Cornelissen, Annegien Broeks, and Lizet van der Kolk, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital; Muriel A. Adank, Hanne Meijers, and Quinten Waisfisz, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam; Antoinette Hollestelle, Mieke Schutte, Maartje Hooning, and Caroline Seynaeve, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute; Ans van den Ouweland, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Rob A.E.M. Tollenaar, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital; Irene L. Andrulis and Julia A. Knight, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Hoda Anton-Culver and Argyrios Ziogas, University of California, Irvine; Peter A. Fasching, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles; Esther M. John, Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont; Esther M. John, Alice S. Whittemore, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Natalia N. Antonenkova, N.N. Alexandrov Research Institute of Oncology and Medical Radiology, Minsk, Belarus; Antonis C. Antoniou, Manjeet K. Bolla, Andrew Lee, Alison M. Dunning, Paul D.P. Pharoah, Qin Wang, and Douglas F. Easton, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; Angela Cox and Simon S. Cross, University of Sheffield, Sheffield; Olivia Fletcher, Michael Jones, and Anthony Swerdlow, The Institute of Cancer Research; Julian Peto, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine; Elinor J. Sawyer, King's College London, London; Jonine Figueroa, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh; Ian Tomlinson, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Volker Arndt, Hiltrud Brauch, Hermann Brenner, Barbara Burwinkel, Jenny Chang-Claude, Anja Rudolph, Harold Surowy, German Cancer Research Center; Barbara Burwinkel and Harald Surowy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Natalia V. Bogdanova, Peter Hillemanns, Tjoung-Won Park-Simon, and Thilo Dörk, Hannover Medical School, Hannover; Hiltrud Brauch, Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart; Hiltrud Brauch, University of Tübingen, Tübingen; Thomas Brüning, Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum; Jenny Chang-Claude, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Peter A. Fasching and Lothar Haeberle, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen; Alfons Meindl, Technische Universität München, Munich; Rita K. Schmutzler, University Hospital of Cologne; Rita K. Schmutzler, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Marina Bermisheva, Ufa Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences; Elza Khusnutdinova, Bashkir State University, Ufa, Russia; Georgia Chenevix-Trench and Amanda B. Spurdle, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane; Graham G. Giles and Roger L. Milne, Cancer Council Victoria; Graham G. Giles, John L. Hopper, Roger L. Milne, and Melissa C. Southey, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Fergus J. Couch and Celine Vachon, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Kamila Czene, Per Hall, Annika Lindblom, and Sara Margolin, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Jonine Figueroa, Montserrat García-Closas, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; Henrik Flyger and Stig Bojesen, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev; Stig Bojesen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Eva Galle, University of Leuven; Eva Galle, Vesalius Research Center; Julie Soens, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium; Anna Jakubowska and Jan Lubinski, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, University of Eastern Finland; Veli-Matti Kosma and Arto Mannermaa, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio; Taru A. Muranen and Heli Nevanlinna, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Vessela Kristensen, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet; Vessela Kristensen, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Polly A. Newcomb and Amy Trentham-Dietz, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; Polly A. Newcomb, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; and Kenneth Offit, Mark Robson, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
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Vos JR, Oosterwijk JC, Aalfs CM, Rookus MA, Adank MA, van der Hout AH, van Asperen CJ, Gómez Garcia EB, Mensenkamp AR, Jager A, Ausems MGEM, Mourits MJ, de Bock GH. Bias Explains Most of the Parent-of-Origin Effect on Breast Cancer Risk in BRCA1/2 Mutation Carriers. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2016; 25:1251-8. [PMID: 27277847 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-16-0182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Paternal transmission of a BRCA mutation has been reported to increase the risk of breast cancer in offspring more than when the mutation is maternally inherited. As this effect might be caused by referral bias, the aim of this study was to assess the parent-of-origin effect of the BRCA1/2 mutation on the breast cancer lifetime risk, when adjusted for referral bias. METHODS A Dutch national cohort including 1,314 proven BRCA1/2 mutation carriers and covering 54,752 person years. Data were collected by family cancer clinics, via questionnaires and from the national Dutch Cancer Registry. The parent-of-origin effect was assessed using Cox regression analyses, both unadjusted and adjusted for referral bias. Referral bias was operationalized by number of relatives with cancer and by personal cancer history. RESULTS The mutation was of paternal origin in 330 (42%, P < 0.001) BRCA1 and 222 (42%, P < 0.001) BRCA2 carriers. Paternal origin increased the risk of prevalent breast cancer for BRCA1 [HR, 1.54; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.19-2.00] and BRCA2 carriers (HR, 1.40; 95% CI, 0.95-2.06). Adjusted for referral bias by several family history factors, these HRs ranged from 1.41 to 1.83 in BRCA1 carriers and 1.27 to 1.62 in BRCA2 carriers. Adjusted for referral bias by personal history, these HRs were 0.66 (95% CI, 0.25-1.71) and 1.14 (95% CI, 0.42-3.15), respectively. CONCLUSION A parent-of-origin effect is present after correction for referral bias by family history, but correction for the personal cancer history made the effect disappear. IMPACT There is no conclusive evidence regarding incorporating a BRCA1/2 parent-of-origin effect in breast cancer risk prediction models. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 25(8); 1251-8. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet R Vos
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Jan C Oosterwijk
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Cora M Aalfs
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Matti A Rookus
- Department of Epidemiology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Muriel A Adank
- Department of Clinical Genetics, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Annemarie H van der Hout
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Christi J van Asperen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Encarna B Gómez Garcia
- Department of Clinical Genetics and GROW, School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, MUMC, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Arjen R Mensenkamp
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Agnes Jager
- Department of Medical Oncology, Family Cancer Clinic, Erasmus University MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Margreet G E M Ausems
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Marian J Mourits
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Geertruida H de Bock
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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36
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Michailidou K, Beesley J, Lindstrom S, Canisius S, Dennis J, Lush MJ, Maranian MJ, Bolla MK, Wang Q, Shah M, Perkins BJ, Czene K, Eriksson M, Darabi H, Brand JS, Bojesen SE, Nordestgaard BG, Flyger H, Nielsen SF, Rahman N, Turnbull C, Fletcher O, Peto J, Gibson L, dos-Santos-Silva I, Chang-Claude J, Flesch-Janys D, Rudolph A, Eilber U, Behrens S, Nevanlinna H, Muranen TA, Aittomäki K, Blomqvist C, Khan S, Aaltonen K, Ahsan H, Kibriya MG, Whittemore AS, John EM, Malone KE, Gammon MD, Santella RM, Ursin G, Makalic E, Schmidt DF, Casey G, Hunter DJ, Gapstur SM, Gaudet MM, Diver WR, Haiman CA, Schumacher F, Henderson BE, Le Marchand L, Berg CD, Chanock SJ, Figueroa J, Hoover RN, Lambrechts D, Neven P, Wildiers H, van Limbergen E, Schmidt MK, Broeks A, Verhoef S, Cornelissen S, Couch FJ, Olson JE, Hallberg E, Vachon C, Waisfisz Q, Meijers-Heijboer H, Adank MA, van der Luijt RB, Li J, Liu J, Humphreys K, Kang D, Choi JY, Park SK, Yoo KY, Matsuo K, Ito H, Iwata H, Tajima K, Guénel P, Truong T, Mulot C, Sanchez M, Burwinkel B, Marme F, Surowy H, Sohn C, Wu AH, Tseng CC, Van Den Berg D, Stram DO, González-Neira A, Benitez J, Zamora MP, Perez JIA, Shu XO, Lu W, Gao YT, Cai H, Cox A, Cross SS, Reed MWR, Andrulis IL, Knight JA, Glendon G, Mulligan AM, Sawyer EJ, Tomlinson I, Kerin MJ, Miller N, Lindblom A, Margolin S, Teo SH, Yip CH, Taib NAM, Tan GH, Hooning MJ, Hollestelle A, Martens JWM, Collée JM, Blot W, Signorello LB, Cai Q, Hopper JL, Southey MC, Tsimiklis H, Apicella C, Shen CY, Hsiung CN, Wu PE, Hou MF, Kristensen VN, Nord S, Alnaes GIG, Giles GG, Milne RL, McLean C, Canzian F, Trichopoulos D, Peeters P, Lund E, Sund M, Khaw KT, Gunter MJ, Palli D, Mortensen LM, Dossus L, Huerta JM, Meindl A, Schmutzler RK, Sutter C, Yang R, Muir K, Lophatananon A, Stewart-Brown S, Siriwanarangsan P, Hartman M, Miao H, Chia KS, Chan CW, Fasching PA, Hein A, Beckmann MW, Haeberle L, Brenner H, Dieffenbach AK, Arndt V, Stegmaier C, Ashworth A, Orr N, Schoemaker MJ, Swerdlow AJ, Brinton L, Garcia-Closas M, Zheng W, Halverson SL, Shrubsole M, Long J, Goldberg MS, Labrèche F, Dumont M, Winqvist R, Pylkäs K, Jukkola-Vuorinen A, Grip M, Brauch H, Hamann U, Brüning T, Radice P, Peterlongo P, Manoukian S, Bernard L, Bogdanova NV, Dörk T, Mannermaa A, Kataja V, Kosma VM, Hartikainen JM, Devilee P, Tollenaar RAEM, Seynaeve C, Van Asperen CJ, Jakubowska A, Lubinski J, Jaworska K, Huzarski T, Sangrajrang S, Gaborieau V, Brennan P, McKay J, Slager S, Toland AE, Ambrosone CB, Yannoukakos D, Kabisch M, Torres D, Neuhausen SL, Anton-Culver H, Luccarini C, Baynes C, Ahmed S, Healey CS, Tessier DC, Vincent D, Bacot F, Pita G, Alonso MR, Álvarez N, Herrero D, Simard J, Pharoah PPDP, Kraft P, Dunning AM, Chenevix-Trench G, Hall P, Easton DF. Genome-wide association analysis of more than 120,000 individuals identifies 15 new susceptibility loci for breast cancer. Nat Genet 2015; 47:373-80. [PMID: 25751625 PMCID: PMC4549775 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 427] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and large-scale replication studies have identified common variants in 79 loci associated with breast cancer, explaining ∼14% of the familial risk of the disease. To identify new susceptibility loci, we performed a meta-analysis of 11 GWAS, comprising 15,748 breast cancer cases and 18,084 controls together with 46,785 cases and 42,892 controls from 41 studies genotyped on a 211,155-marker custom array (iCOGS). Analyses were restricted to women of European ancestry. We generated genotypes for more than 11 million SNPs by imputation using the 1000 Genomes Project reference panel, and we identified 15 new loci associated with breast cancer at P < 5 × 10(-8). Combining association analysis with ChIP-seq chromatin binding data in mammary cell lines and ChIA-PET chromatin interaction data from ENCODE, we identified likely target genes in two regions: SETBP1 at 18q12.3 and RNF115 and PDZK1 at 1q21.1. One association appears to be driven by an amino acid substitution encoded in EXO1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyriaki Michailidou
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jonathan Beesley
- Department of Genetics, QIMR (Queensland Institute for Medical Research) Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sara Lindstrom
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sander Canisius
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Joe Dennis
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Michael J Lush
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mel J Maranian
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Manjeet K Bolla
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Qin Wang
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mitul Shah
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Barbara J Perkins
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kamila Czene
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mikael Eriksson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hatef Darabi
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Judith S Brand
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stig E Bojesen
- 1] Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark. [2] Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark. [3] Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Børge G Nordestgaard
- 1] Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark. [2] Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark. [3] Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik Flyger
- Department of Breast Surgery, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Sune F Nielsen
- 1] Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark. [2] Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Nazneen Rahman
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Clare Turnbull
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Olivia Fletcher
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Julian Peto
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Lorna Gibson
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Isabel dos-Santos-Silva
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dieter Flesch-Janys
- 1] Department of Cancer Epidemiology/Clinical Cancer Registry, University Clinic Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany. [2] Institute for Medical Biometrics and Epidemiology, University Clinic Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anja Rudolph
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ursula Eilber
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sabine Behrens
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Heli Nevanlinna
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Taru A Muranen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kristiina Aittomäki
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Carl Blomqvist
- Department of Oncology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sofia Khan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kirsimari Aaltonen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Habibul Ahsan
- 1] Center for Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA. [2] Department of Health Studies, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA. [3] Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA. [4] Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA. [5] Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Muhammad G Kibriya
- 1] Center for Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA. [2] Department of Health Studies, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Alice S Whittemore
- 1] Department of Health Research and Policy-Epidemiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA. [2] Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Esther M John
- 1] Department of Health Research and Policy-Epidemiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA. [2] Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA. [3] Department of Epidemiology, Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, California, USA
| | - Kathleen E Malone
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Marilie D Gammon
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Regina M Santella
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Enes Makalic
- Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, Melbourne School of Population Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Daniel F Schmidt
- Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, Melbourne School of Population Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Graham Casey
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - David J Hunter
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Susan M Gapstur
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Mia M Gaudet
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - W Ryan Diver
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Christopher A Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Fredrick Schumacher
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Brian E Henderson
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Loic Le Marchand
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Christine D Berg
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Stephen J Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Jonine Figueroa
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Robert N Hoover
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Diether Lambrechts
- 1] Vesalius Research Center, VIB, Leuven, Belgium. [2] Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Patrick Neven
- Multidisciplinary Breast Center, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hans Wildiers
- Multidisciplinary Breast Center, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Erik van Limbergen
- Multidisciplinary Breast Center, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marjanka K Schmidt
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Annegien Broeks
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Senno Verhoef
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sten Cornelissen
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Fergus J Couch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Janet E Olson
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Emily Hallberg
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Celine Vachon
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Quinten Waisfisz
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Section Oncogenetics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hanne Meijers-Heijboer
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Section Oncogenetics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Muriel A Adank
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Section Oncogenetics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rob B van der Luijt
- Division of Biomedical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jingmei Li
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Human Genetics Division, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Keith Humphreys
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daehee Kang
- 1] Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. [2] Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea. [3] Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji-Yeob Choi
- 1] Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea. [2] Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sue K Park
- 1] Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. [2] Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea. [3] Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Keun-Young Yoo
- Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Keitaro Matsuo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Kyushu University Faculty of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hidemi Ito
- Division of Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroji Iwata
- Department of Breast Oncology, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kazuo Tajima
- Epidemiology Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Mie University Hospital, Tsu, Japan
| | - Pascal Guénel
- 1] INSERM), CESP (Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health), U1018, Environmental Epidemiology of Cancer, Villejuif, France. [2] University Paris-Sud, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France
| | - Thérèse Truong
- 1] INSERM), CESP (Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health), U1018, Environmental Epidemiology of Cancer, Villejuif, France. [2] University Paris-Sud, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France
| | - Claire Mulot
- Université Paris Sorbonne Cité, UMRS 775, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Marie Sanchez
- 1] INSERM), CESP (Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health), U1018, Environmental Epidemiology of Cancer, Villejuif, France. [2] University Paris-Sud, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France
| | - Barbara Burwinkel
- 1] Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. [2] Molecular Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frederik Marme
- 1] Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. [2] National Center for Tumor Diseases, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Harald Surowy
- 1] Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. [2] Molecular Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christof Sohn
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anna H Wu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Chiu-chen Tseng
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - David Van Den Berg
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Daniel O Stram
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Anna González-Neira
- Human Genotyping (CEGEN) Unit, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Benitez
- 1] Human Genotyping (CEGEN) Unit, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain. [2] Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Valencia, Spain
| | - M Pilar Zamora
- Servicio de Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Wei Lu
- Shanghai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changning, China
| | - Yu-Tang Gao
- Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Cai
- Department of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Angela Cox
- 1] Sheffield Cancer Research Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK. [2] Department of Oncology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Simon S Cross
- Academic Unit of Pathology, Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Malcolm W R Reed
- 1] Sheffield Cancer Research Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK. [2] Department of Oncology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Irene L Andrulis
- 1] Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. [2] Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Julia A Knight
- 1] Prosserman Centre for Health Research, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. [2] Division of Epidemiology, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gord Glendon
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anna Marie Mulligan
- 1] Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. [2] Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elinor J Sawyer
- Research Oncology, Division of Cancer Studies, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Ian Tomlinson
- 1] Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. [2] Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Michael J Kerin
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Nicola Miller
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Annika Lindblom
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sara Margolin
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Soo Hwang Teo
- 1] Cancer Research Initiatives Foundation, Sime Darby Medical Centre, Subang Jaya, Malaysia. [2] Breast Cancer Research Unit, University Malaya Cancer Research Institute, University Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Cheng Har Yip
- Breast Cancer Research Unit, University Malaya Cancer Research Institute, University Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nur Aishah Mohd Taib
- Breast Cancer Research Unit, University Malaya Cancer Research Institute, University Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Gie-Hooi Tan
- Breast Cancer Research Unit, University Malaya Cancer Research Institute, University Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Maartje J Hooning
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - John W M Martens
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - J Margriet Collée
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - William Blot
- 1] Department of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA. [2] International Epidemiology Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Lisa B Signorello
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Qiuyin Cai
- Department of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - John L Hopper
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Melissa C Southey
- Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Helen Tsimiklis
- Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Carmel Apicella
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Chen-Yang Shen
- 1] Taiwan Biobank, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan. [2] Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan. [3] School of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ni Hsiung
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ei Wu
- 1] Taiwan Biobank, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan. [2] Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Feng Hou
- 1] Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. [2] Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Vessela N Kristensen
- 1] Department of Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway. [2] Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. [3] Department of Clinical Molecular Biology (EpiGen), University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Silje Nord
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Grethe I Grenaker Alnaes
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Graham G Giles
- 1] Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. [2] Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Roger L Milne
- 1] Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. [2] Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Catriona McLean
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Federico Canzian
- Genomic Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dimitrios Trichopoulos
- 1] Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Bureau of Epidemiologic Research, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece. [3] Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece
| | - Petra Peeters
- 1] Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands. [2] Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Eiliv Lund
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Malin Sund
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Umea University, Umea, Sweden
| | - Kay-Tee Khaw
- School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Marc J Gunter
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Domenico Palli
- Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute, Istituto per lo Studio e la Prevenzione Oncologica (ISPO), Florence, Italy
| | | | - Laure Dossus
- 1] INSERM Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), U1018, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health Team, Villejuif, France. [2] Université Paris-Sud, Villejuif, France
| | - Jose-Maria Huerta
- Department of Epidemiology, Consejería de Sanidad y Política Social, CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Murcia, Spain
| | - Alfons Meindl
- Division of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Rita K Schmutzler
- 1] Center for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany. [2] Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany. [3] Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christian Sutter
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rongxi Yang
- 1] Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. [2] Molecular Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kenneth Muir
- 1] Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, Warwick University, Coventry, UK. [2] Institute of Population Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Artitaya Lophatananon
- Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, Warwick University, Coventry, UK
| | - Sarah Stewart-Brown
- Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, Warwick University, Coventry, UK
| | | | - Mikael Hartman
- 1] Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore. [2] Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Hui Miao
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Kee Seng Chia
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Ching Wan Chan
- Division of General Surgery, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Peter A Fasching
- 1] Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Breast Center Franconia, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center of the Erlangen-Nuremberg Metropolitan Region, Erlangen, Germany. [2] Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Alexander Hein
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Breast Center Franconia, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center of the Erlangen-Nuremberg Metropolitan Region, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matthias W Beckmann
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Breast Center Franconia, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center of the Erlangen-Nuremberg Metropolitan Region, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lothar Haeberle
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Breast Center Franconia, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center of the Erlangen-Nuremberg Metropolitan Region, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hermann Brenner
- 1] Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany. [2] German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Aida Karina Dieffenbach
- 1] Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany. [2] German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Volker Arndt
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Alan Ashworth
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Nick Orr
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Minouk J Schoemaker
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Anthony J Swerdlow
- 1] Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK. [2] Division of Breast Cancer Research, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Louise Brinton
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Montserrat Garcia-Closas
- 1] Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK. [2] Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Wei Zheng
- Department of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Sandra L Halverson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Martha Shrubsole
- Department of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jirong Long
- Department of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Mark S Goldberg
- 1] Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. [2] Division of Clinical Epidemiology, McGill University Health Centre, Royal Victoria Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - France Labrèche
- 1] Département de Santé Environnementale et Santé au Travail, Ecole de Santé Publique, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. [2] Département de Médecine Sociale et Préventive, Ecole de Santé Publique, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Martine Dumont
- 1] Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec Research Center, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada. [2] Department of Molecular Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Robert Winqvist
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, NordLab Oulu/Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Katri Pylkäs
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, NordLab Oulu/Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | | | - Mervi Grip
- Department of Surgery, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Hiltrud Brauch
- 1] German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany. [2] Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany. [3] University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany. [4] German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ute Hamann
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Brüning
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA), Bochum, Germany
| | - Paolo Radice
- Unit of Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk and Genetic Testing, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS (Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico) Istituto Nazionale Tumori (INT), Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Peterlongo
- Fondazione Istituto FIRC (Italian Foundation for Cancer Research) di Oncologia Molecolare (IFOM), Milan, Italy
| | - Siranoush Manoukian
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS (Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico) Istituto Nazionale Tumori (INT), Milan, Italy
| | - Loris Bernard
- 1] Department of Experimental Oncology, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Milan, Italy. [2] Cogentech Cancer Genetic Test Laboratory, Milan, Italy
| | - Natalia V Bogdanova
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thilo Dörk
- Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Arto Mannermaa
- 1] School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland. [2] Cancer Center of Eastern Finland, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland. [3] Imaging Center, Department of Clinical Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Vesa Kataja
- 1] Cancer Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland. [2] Central Finland Hospital District, Jyväskylä Central Hospital, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Veli-Matti Kosma
- 1] School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland. [2] Cancer Center of Eastern Finland, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland. [3] Imaging Center, Department of Clinical Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jaana M Hartikainen
- 1] School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland. [2] Cancer Center of Eastern Finland, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland. [3] Imaging Center, Department of Clinical Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Peter Devilee
- 1] Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands. [2] Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Robert A E M Tollenaar
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Caroline Seynaeve
- Department of Medical Oncology, Family Cancer Clinic, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Christi J Van Asperen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Anna Jakubowska
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Jan Lubinski
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Jaworska
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Tomasz Huzarski
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | | | | | - Paul Brennan
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - James McKay
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Susan Slager
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Amanda E Toland
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Drakoulis Yannoukakos
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, Institute of Radioisotopes and Radiodiagnostic Products (IRRP), National Centre for Scientific Research 'Demokritos', Aghia Paraskevi Attikis, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Kabisch
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Diana Torres
- 1] Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany. [2] Institute of Human Genetics, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Susan L Neuhausen
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Hoda Anton-Culver
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Craig Luccarini
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Caroline Baynes
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Shahana Ahmed
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Catherine S Healey
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Daniel C Tessier
- McGill University and Génome Québec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Daniel Vincent
- McGill University and Génome Québec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Francois Bacot
- McGill University and Génome Québec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Guillermo Pita
- Human Genotyping (CEGEN) Unit, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - M Rosario Alonso
- Human Genotyping (CEGEN) Unit, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuria Álvarez
- Human Genotyping (CEGEN) Unit, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Herrero
- Human Genotyping (CEGEN) Unit, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jacques Simard
- 1] Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec Research Center, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada. [2] Department of Molecular Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Paul P D P Pharoah
- 1] Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. [2] Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Peter Kraft
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alison M Dunning
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Georgia Chenevix-Trench
- Department of Genetics, QIMR (Queensland Institute for Medical Research) Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Per Hall
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Douglas F Easton
- 1] Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. [2] Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Lin WY, Camp NJ, Ghoussaini M, Beesley J, Michailidou K, Hopper JL, Apicella C, Southey MC, Stone J, Schmidt MK, Broeks A, Van't Veer LJ, Th Rutgers EJ, Muir K, Lophatananon A, Stewart-Brown S, Siriwanarangsan P, Fasching PA, Haeberle L, Ekici AB, Beckmann MW, Peto J, Dos-Santos-Silva I, Fletcher O, Johnson N, Bolla MK, Wang Q, Dennis J, Sawyer EJ, Cheng T, Tomlinson I, Kerin MJ, Miller N, Marmé F, Surowy HM, Burwinkel B, Guénel P, Truong T, Menegaux F, Mulot C, Bojesen SE, Nordestgaard BG, Nielsen SF, Flyger H, Benitez J, Zamora MP, Arias Perez JI, Menéndez P, González-Neira A, Pita G, Alonso MR, Alvarez N, Herrero D, Anton-Culver H, Brenner H, Dieffenbach AK, Arndt V, Stegmaier C, Meindl A, Lichtner P, Schmutzler RK, Müller-Myhsok B, Brauch H, Brüning T, Ko YD, Tessier DC, Vincent D, Bacot F, Nevanlinna H, Aittomäki K, Blomqvist C, Khan S, Matsuo K, Ito H, Iwata H, Horio A, Bogdanova NV, Antonenkova NN, Dörk T, Lindblom A, Margolin S, Mannermaa A, Kataja V, Kosma VM, Hartikainen JM, Wu AH, Tseng CC, Van Den Berg D, Stram DO, Neven P, Wauters E, Wildiers H, Lambrechts D, Chang-Claude J, Rudolph A, Seibold P, Flesch-Janys D, Radice P, Peterlongo P, Manoukian S, Bonanni B, Couch FJ, Wang X, Vachon C, Purrington K, Giles GG, Milne RL, Mclean C, Haiman CA, Henderson BE, Schumacher F, Le Marchand L, Simard J, Goldberg MS, Labrèche F, Dumont M, Teo SH, Yip CH, Hassan N, Vithana EN, Kristensen V, Zheng W, Deming-Halverson S, Shrubsole MJ, Long J, Winqvist R, Pylkäs K, Jukkola-Vuorinen A, Kauppila S, Andrulis IL, Knight JA, Glendon G, Tchatchou S, Devilee P, Tollenaar RAEM, Seynaeve C, Van Asperen CJ, García-Closas M, Figueroa J, Lissowska J, Brinton L, Czene K, Darabi H, Eriksson M, Brand JS, Hooning MJ, Hollestelle A, Van Den Ouweland AMW, Jager A, Li J, Liu J, Humphreys K, Shu XO, Lu W, Gao YT, Cai H, Cross SS, Reed MWR, Blot W, Signorello LB, Cai Q, Pharoah PDP, Perkins B, Shah M, Blows FM, Kang D, Yoo KY, Noh DY, Hartman M, Miao H, Chia KS, Putti TC, Hamann U, Luccarini C, Baynes C, Ahmed S, Maranian M, Healey CS, Jakubowska A, Lubinski J, Jaworska-Bieniek K, Durda K, Sangrajrang S, Gaborieau V, Brennan P, Mckay J, Slager S, Toland AE, Yannoukakos D, Shen CY, Hsiung CN, Wu PE, Ding SL, Ashworth A, Jones M, Orr N, Swerdlow AJ, Tsimiklis H, Makalic E, Schmidt DF, Bui QM, Chanock SJ, Hunter DJ, Hein R, Dahmen N, Beckmann L, Aaltonen K, Muranen TA, Heikkinen T, Irwanto A, Rahman N, Turnbull CA, Waisfisz Q, Meijers-Heijboer HEJ, Adank MA, Van Der Luijt RB, Hall P, Chenevix-Trench G, Dunning A, Easton DF, Cox A. Identification and characterization of novel associations in the CASP8/ALS2CR12 region on chromosome 2 with breast cancer risk. Hum Mol Genet 2015; 24:285-98. [PMID: 25168388 PMCID: PMC4334820 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddu431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Revised: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that polymorphisms in CASP8 on chromosome 2 are associated with breast cancer risk. To clarify the role of CASP8 in breast cancer susceptibility, we carried out dense genotyping of this region in the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC). Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) spanning a 1 Mb region around CASP8 were genotyped in 46 450 breast cancer cases and 42 600 controls of European origin from 41 studies participating in the BCAC as part of a custom genotyping array experiment (iCOGS). Missing genotypes and SNPs were imputed and, after quality exclusions, 501 typed and 1232 imputed SNPs were included in logistic regression models adjusting for study and ancestry principal components. The SNPs retained in the final model were investigated further in data from nine genome-wide association studies (GWAS) comprising in total 10 052 case and 12 575 control subjects. The most significant association signal observed in European subjects was for the imputed intronic SNP rs1830298 in ALS2CR12 (telomeric to CASP8), with per allele odds ratio and 95% confidence interval [OR (95% confidence interval, CI)] for the minor allele of 1.05 (1.03-1.07), P = 1 × 10(-5). Three additional independent signals from intronic SNPs were identified, in CASP8 (rs36043647), ALS2CR11 (rs59278883) and CFLAR (rs7558475). The association with rs1830298 was replicated in the imputed results from the combined GWAS (P = 3 × 10(-6)), yielding a combined OR (95% CI) of 1.06 (1.04-1.08), P = 1 × 10(-9). Analyses of gene expression associations in peripheral blood and normal breast tissue indicate that CASP8 might be the target gene, suggesting a mechanism involving apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Yu Lin
- Department of Oncology, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan County 333, Taiwan
| | - Nicola J Camp
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84108-1266, USA
| | - Maya Ghoussaini
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care
| | | | - Kyriaki Michailidou
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care
| | - John L Hopper
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health
| | - Carmel Apicella
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health
| | | | - Jennifer Stone
- Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, Melbourne School of Population Health
| | - Marjanka K Schmidt
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam 1066 CX, the Netherlands
| | - Annegien Broeks
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam 1066 CX, the Netherlands
| | - Laura J Van't Veer
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam 1066 CX, the Netherlands
| | - Emiel J Th Rutgers
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam 1066 CX, the Netherlands
| | - Kenneth Muir
- Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, Warwick University, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK Institute of Population Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9QQ, UK
| | - Artitaya Lophatananon
- Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, Warwick University, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Sarah Stewart-Brown
- Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, Warwick University, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | | | - Peter A Fasching
- University Breast Center Franconia, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Lothar Haeberle
- University Breast Center Franconia, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics
| | - Arif B Ekici
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen D-91054, Germany
| | | | - Julian Peto
- Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Isabel Dos-Santos-Silva
- Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | | | | | - Manjeet K Bolla
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care
| | - Qin Wang
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care
| | - Joe Dennis
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care
| | - Elinor J Sawyer
- Division of Cancer Studies, Kings College London, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Timothy Cheng
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics and Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Ian Tomlinson
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics and Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Michael J Kerin
- School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Nicola Miller
- School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Frederik Marmé
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology National Center for Tumor Diseases, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69117, Germany
| | - Harald M Surowy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Molecular Epidemiology Group
| | - Barbara Burwinkel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Molecular Epidemiology Group
| | - Pascal Guénel
- Inserm (National Institute of Health and Medical Research), CESP (Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health), U1018, Environmental Epidemiology of Cancer, Villejuif 94807, France University Paris-Sud, UMRS 1018, Villejuif 94807, France
| | - Thérèse Truong
- Inserm (National Institute of Health and Medical Research), CESP (Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health), U1018, Environmental Epidemiology of Cancer, Villejuif 94807, France University Paris-Sud, UMRS 1018, Villejuif 94807, France
| | - Florence Menegaux
- Inserm (National Institute of Health and Medical Research), CESP (Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health), U1018, Environmental Epidemiology of Cancer, Villejuif 94807, France University Paris-Sud, UMRS 1018, Villejuif 94807, France
| | - Claire Mulot
- Université Paris Sorbonne Cité, UMR-S775 Inserm, Paris 75015, France
| | - Stig E Bojesen
- Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev Hospital, 2730 Herlev, Copenhagen, Denmark Department of Clinical Biochemistry Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Børge G Nordestgaard
- Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev Hospital, 2730 Herlev, Copenhagen, Denmark Department of Clinical Biochemistry Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Sune F Nielsen
- Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev Hospital, 2730 Herlev, Copenhagen, Denmark Department of Clinical Biochemistry
| | - Henrik Flyger
- Department of Breast Surgery, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Javier Benitez
- Human Genetics Group, Human Cancer Genetics Program Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Valencia 28029, Spain
| | - M Pilar Zamora
- Servicio de Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid 28046, Spain
| | | | - Primitiva Menéndez
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Monte Naranco, Oviedo 33012, Spain
| | - Anna González-Neira
- Human Genotyping-CEGEN Unit, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid E-28029, Spain
| | - Guillermo Pita
- Human Genotyping-CEGEN Unit, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid E-28029, Spain
| | - M Rosario Alonso
- Human Genotyping-CEGEN Unit, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid E-28029, Spain
| | - Nuria Alvarez
- Human Genotyping-CEGEN Unit, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid E-28029, Spain
| | - Daniel Herrero
- Human Genotyping-CEGEN Unit, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid E-28029, Spain
| | - Hoda Anton-Culver
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Aida Karina Dieffenbach
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Volker Arndt
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research
| | | | | | - Peter Lichtner
- Insitute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Munich D-80333, Germany
| | - Rita K Schmutzler
- Center for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer, Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO) and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne and University Hospital Cologne, 50932 Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Hiltrud Brauch
- Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart 70376, Germany University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72074, Germany German Cancer Consortium (DKTK)
| | - Thomas Brüning
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-University Bochum (IPA), Bochum D-44789, Germany
| | - Yon-Dschun Ko
- Department of Internal Medicine, Evangelische Kliniken Bonn gGmbH, Johanniter Krankenhaus, Bonn 53113, Germany
| | - Daniel C Tessier
- Centre D'innovation Génome Québec et Université McGill, Montréal, QC, Canada H3A 0G1
| | - Daniel Vincent
- Centre D'innovation Génome Québec et Université McGill, Montréal, QC, Canada H3A 0G1
| | - Francois Bacot
- Centre D'innovation Génome Québec et Université McGill, Montréal, QC, Canada H3A 0G1
| | - Heli Nevanlinna
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki 00029, Finland
| | - Kristiina Aittomäki
- Department of Clinical Genetics Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki 00029, Finland
| | - Carl Blomqvist
- Department of Oncology, University of Helsinki Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki 00029, Finland
| | - Sofia Khan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki 00029, Finland
| | - Keitaro Matsuo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Kyushu University Faculty of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Hidemi Ito
- Division of Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya 464-8681, Japan
| | - Hiroji Iwata
- Department of Breast Oncology, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya 464-8681, Japan
| | - Akiyo Horio
- Department of Breast Oncology, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya 464-8681, Japan
| | - Natalia V Bogdanova
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department of Radiation Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Natalia N Antonenkova
- N.N. Alexandrov Research Institute of Oncology and Medical Radiology, Minsk 223040, Belarus
| | - Thilo Dörk
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
| | | | | | - Arto Mannermaa
- School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine and Cancer Center of Eastern Finland Imaging Center, Department of Clinical Pathology
| | - Vesa Kataja
- School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oncology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio 70210, Finland Cancer Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio 70029, Finland
| | - Veli-Matti Kosma
- School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine and Cancer Center of Eastern Finland Imaging Center, Department of Clinical Pathology
| | - Jaana M Hartikainen
- School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine and Cancer Center of Eastern Finland Imaging Center, Department of Clinical Pathology
| | - Anna H Wu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Chiu-Chen Tseng
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - David Van Den Berg
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Daniel O Stram
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Patrick Neven
- University Hospital Gashuisberg, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Els Wauters
- Vesalius Research Center (VRC), VIB, Leuven 3000, Belgium Department of Oncology
| | - Hans Wildiers
- Department of General Medical Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Diether Lambrechts
- Vesalius Research Center (VRC), VIB, Leuven 3000, Belgium Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of Oncology
| | | | | | | | - Dieter Flesch-Janys
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology/Clinical Cancer Registry and Institute for Medical Biometrics and Epidemiology, University Clinic Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg D-20246, Germany
| | - Paolo Radice
- Unit of Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk and Genetic Testing, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine
| | - Paolo Peterlongo
- IFOM, Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, Milan 20139, Italy
| | - Siranoush Manoukian
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori (INT), Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Bernardo Bonanni
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia (IEO), Milan 20141, Italy
| | | | | | - Celine Vachon
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | | | - Graham G Giles
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Roger L Milne
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Catriona Mclean
- Anatomical Pathology, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Christopher A Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Brian E Henderson
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Fredrick Schumacher
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Loic Le Marchand
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Jacques Simard
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec Research Centre and Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada G1V 4G2
| | - Mark S Goldberg
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada H3A 0G4 Division of Clinical Epidemiology, McGill University Health Centre, Royal Victoria Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada H3A 1A1
| | - France Labrèche
- Départements de Santé Environnementale et Santé au Travail et de Médecine Sociale et Préventive, École de Santé Publique, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada H3T 1J4
| | - Martine Dumont
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec Research Centre and Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada G1V 4G2
| | - Soo Hwang Teo
- Cancer Research Initiatives Foundation, Sime Darby Medical Centre, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia Breast Cancer Research Unit, University Malaya Cancer Research Institute, University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Cheng Har Yip
- Breast Cancer Research Unit, University Malaya Cancer Research Institute, University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Norhashimah Hassan
- Cancer Research Initiatives Foundation, Sime Darby Medical Centre, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia Breast Cancer Research Unit, University Malaya Cancer Research Institute, University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | | | - Vessela Kristensen
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Radiumhospitalet, Oslo 0372, Norway Faculty of Medicine (Faculty Division Ahus), University of Oslo (UiO), Oslo 0316, Norway
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Sandra Deming-Halverson
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Martha J Shrubsole
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jirong Long
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Robert Winqvist
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biocenter Oulu, Northern Finland Laboratory Centre NordLab
| | - Katri Pylkäs
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biocenter Oulu, Northern Finland Laboratory Centre NordLab
| | | | - Saila Kauppila
- Department of Pathology, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu 90570, Finland
| | - Irene L Andrulis
- Ontario Cancer Genetics Network Department of Molecular Genetics
| | - Julia A Knight
- Prosserman Centre for Health Research Division of Epidemiology, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 2J7
| | | | - Sandrine Tchatchou
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 1X5
| | - Peter Devilee
- Department of Human Genetics & Department of Pathology
| | | | - Caroline Seynaeve
- Family Cancer Clinic, Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute Rotterdam 3075 EA, The Netherlands
| | - Christi J Van Asperen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2300 RC, The Netherlands
| | - Montserrat García-Closas
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, Division of Breast Cancer Research Division of Genetics and Epidemiology
| | - Jonine Figueroa
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Jolanta Lissowska
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, M. Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center & Institute of Oncology, Warsaw 02-781, Poland
| | - Louise Brinton
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Kamila Czene
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
| | - Hatef Darabi
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
| | - Mikael Eriksson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
| | - Judith S Brand
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
| | - Maartje J Hooning
- Family Cancer Clinic, Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute Rotterdam 3075 EA, The Netherlands
| | - Antoinette Hollestelle
- Family Cancer Clinic, Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute Rotterdam 3075 EA, The Netherlands
| | - Ans M W Van Den Ouweland
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3075 EA, The Netherlands
| | - Agnes Jager
- Family Cancer Clinic, Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute Rotterdam 3075 EA, The Netherlands
| | - Jingmei Li
- Shanghai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Human Genetics Division, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Keith Humphreys
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Wei Lu
- Shanghai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Yu-Tang Gao
- Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai 220025, China
| | - Hui Cai
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Simon S Cross
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield S10 2JF, UK
| | - Malcolm W R Reed
- Department of Oncology, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
| | - William Blot
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA International Epidemiology Institute, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Lisa B Signorello
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA International Epidemiology Institute, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Qiuyin Cai
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Paul D P Pharoah
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Barbara Perkins
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Mitul Shah
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Fiona M Blows
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Daehee Kang
- Department of Preventive Medicine Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Keun-Young Yoo
- Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Korea
| | | | - Mikael Hartman
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Hui Miao
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Kee Seng Chia
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Thomas Choudary Putti
- Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | | | - Craig Luccarini
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Caroline Baynes
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Shahana Ahmed
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Mel Maranian
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Catherine S Healey
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Anna Jakubowska
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin 70-204, Poland
| | - Jan Lubinski
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin 70-204, Poland
| | | | - Katarzyna Durda
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin 70-204, Poland
| | | | | | - Paul Brennan
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon 69372, France
| | - James Mckay
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon 69372, France
| | - Susan Slager
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Amanda E Toland
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Drakoulis Yannoukakos
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, IRRP, National Centre for Scientific Research 'Demokritos', Aghia Paraskevi Attikis, Athens 153 10, Greece
| | - Chen-Yang Shen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | | | - Pei-Ei Wu
- Taiwan Biobank, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Shian-Ling Ding
- Department of Nursing, Kang-Ning Junior College of Medical Care and Management, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Alan Ashworth
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, Division of Breast Cancer Research
| | | | - Nick Orr
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre and Division of Breast Cancer Research, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Anthony J Swerdlow
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology Division of Breast Cancer Research
| | | | - Enes Makalic
- Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic, and Analytic Epidemiology, Melbourne School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Daniel F Schmidt
- Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic, and Analytic Epidemiology, Melbourne School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Quang M Bui
- Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic, and Analytic Epidemiology, Melbourne School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Stephen J Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - David J Hunter
- Program in Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Rebecca Hein
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany PMV Research Group at the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Cologne 50923, Germany
| | - Norbert Dahmen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Mainz, Mainz 55122, Germany
| | - Lars Beckmann
- Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care (IQWiG), Cologne 50670, Germany
| | - Kirsimari Aaltonen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki 00029, Finland
| | - Taru A Muranen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki 00029, Finland
| | - Tuomas Heikkinen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki 00029, Finland
| | - Astrid Irwanto
- Human Genetics Division, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | | | | | - Quinten Waisfisz
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Section Oncogenetics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam 1081 HZ, The Netherlands and
| | - Hanne E J Meijers-Heijboer
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Section Oncogenetics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam 1081 HZ, The Netherlands and
| | - Muriel A Adank
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Section Oncogenetics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam 1081 HZ, The Netherlands and
| | - Rob B Van Der Luijt
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht 3584 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Per Hall
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
| | | | - Alison Dunning
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Douglas F Easton
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Angela Cox
- Department of Oncology, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
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38
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Adank MA, Hes FJ, van Zelst-Stams WAG, van den Tol MP, Seynaeve C, Oosterwijk JC. [CHEK2-mutation in Dutch breast cancer families: expanding genetic testing for breast cancer]. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 2015; 159:A8910. [PMID: 26332814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In the majority of breast cancer families, DNA testing does not show BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations and the genetic cause of breast cancer remains unexplained. Routine testing for the CHEK2*1100delC mutation has recently been introduced in breast cancer families in the Netherlands. The 1100delC mutation in the CHEK2-gene may explain the occurrence of breast cancer in about 5% of non-BRCA1/2 families in the Netherlands. In the general population the CHEK2*1100delC mutation confers a slightly increased breast cancer risk, but in a familial breast cancer setting this risk is between 35-55% for first degree female carriers. Female breast cancer patients with the CHEK2*1100delC mutation are at increased risk of contralateral breast cancer and may have a less favourable prognosis. Female heterozygous CHEK2*1100delC mutation carriers are offered annual mammography and specialist breast surveillance between the ages of 35-60 years. Prospective research in CHEK2-positive families is essential in order to develop more specific treatment and screening strategies.
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39
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Khan S, Greco D, Michailidou K, Milne RL, Muranen TA, Heikkinen T, Aaltonen K, Dennis J, Bolla MK, Liu J, Hall P, Irwanto A, Humphreys K, Li J, Czene K, Chang-Claude J, Hein R, Rudolph A, Seibold P, Flesch-Janys D, Fletcher O, Peto J, dos Santos Silva I, Johnson N, Gibson L, Aitken Z, Hopper JL, Tsimiklis H, Bui M, Makalic E, Schmidt DF, Southey MC, Apicella C, Stone J, Waisfisz Q, Meijers-Heijboer H, Adank MA, van der Luijt RB, Meindl A, Schmutzler RK, Müller-Myhsok B, Lichtner P, Turnbull C, Rahman N, Chanock SJ, Hunter DJ, Cox A, Cross SS, Reed MWR, Schmidt MK, Broeks A, Veer LJVAN, Hogervorst FB, Fasching PA, Schrauder MG, Ekici AB, Beckmann MW, Bojesen SE, Nordestgaard BG, Nielsen SF, Flyger H, Benitez J, Zamora PM, Perez JIA, Haiman CA, Henderson BE, Schumacher F, Le Marchand L, Pharoah PDP, Dunning AM, Shah M, Luben R, Brown J, Couch FJ, Wang X, Vachon C, Olson JE, Lambrechts D, Moisse M, Paridaens R, Christiaens MR, Guénel P, Truong T, Laurent-Puig P, Mulot C, Marme F, Burwinkel B, Schneeweiss A, Sohn C, Sawyer EJ, Tomlinson I, Kerin MJ, Miller N, Andrulis IL, Knight JA, Tchatchou S, Mulligan AM, Dörk T, Bogdanova NV, Antonenkova NN, Anton-Culver H, Darabi H, Eriksson M, Garcia-Closas M, Figueroa J, Lissowska J, Brinton L, Devilee P, Tollenaar RAEM, Seynaeve C, van Asperen CJ, Kristensen VN, Slager S, Toland AE, Ambrosone CB, Yannoukakos D, Lindblom A, Margolin S, Radice P, Peterlongo P, Barile M, Mariani P, Hooning MJ, Martens JWM, Collée JM, Jager A, Jakubowska A, Lubinski J, Jaworska-Bieniek K, Durda K, Giles GG, McLean C, Brauch H, Brüning T, Ko YD, Brenner H, Dieffenbach AK, Arndt V, Stegmaier C, Swerdlow A, Ashworth A, Orr N, Jones M, Simard J, Goldberg MS, Labrèche F, Dumont M, Winqvist R, Pylkäs K, Jukkola-Vuorinen A, Grip M, Kataja V, Kosma VM, Hartikainen JM, Mannermaa A, Hamann U, Chenevix-Trench G, Blomqvist C, Aittomäki K, Easton DF, Nevanlinna H. MicroRNA related polymorphisms and breast cancer risk. PLoS One 2014; 9:e109973. [PMID: 25390939 PMCID: PMC4229095 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic variations, such as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in microRNAs (miRNA) or in the miRNA binding sites may affect the miRNA dependent gene expression regulation, which has been implicated in various cancers, including breast cancer, and may alter individual susceptibility to cancer. We investigated associations between miRNA related SNPs and breast cancer risk. First we evaluated 2,196 SNPs in a case-control study combining nine genome wide association studies (GWAS). Second, we further investigated 42 SNPs with suggestive evidence for association using 41,785 cases and 41,880 controls from 41 studies included in the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC). Combining the GWAS and BCAC data within a meta-analysis, we estimated main effects on breast cancer risk as well as risks for estrogen receptor (ER) and age defined subgroups. Five miRNA binding site SNPs associated significantly with breast cancer risk: rs1045494 (odds ratio (OR) 0.92; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.88-0.96), rs1052532 (OR 0.97; 95% CI: 0.95-0.99), rs10719 (OR 0.97; 95% CI: 0.94-0.99), rs4687554 (OR 0.97; 95% CI: 0.95-0.99, and rs3134615 (OR 1.03; 95% CI: 1.01-1.05) located in the 3' UTR of CASP8, HDDC3, DROSHA, MUSTN1, and MYCL1, respectively. DROSHA belongs to miRNA machinery genes and has a central role in initial miRNA processing. The remaining genes are involved in different molecular functions, including apoptosis and gene expression regulation. Further studies are warranted to elucidate whether the miRNA binding site SNPs are the causative variants for the observed risk effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Khan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Dario Greco
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kyriaki Michailidou
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Roger L. Milne
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Taru A. Muranen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuomas Heikkinen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kirsimari Aaltonen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Oncology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Joe Dennis
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Manjeet K. Bolla
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Human Genetics Division, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Per Hall
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Astrid Irwanto
- Human Genetics Division, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Keith Humphreys
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jingmei Li
- Human Genetics Division, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kamila Czene
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rebecca Hein
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- PMV Research Group at the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Anja Rudolph
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Petra Seibold
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dieter Flesch-Janys
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology/Clinical Cancer Registry and Institute for Medical Biometrics and Epidemiology, University Clinic Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Olivia Fletcher
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Julian Peto
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Isabel dos Santos Silva
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nichola Johnson
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lorna Gibson
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Zoe Aitken
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - John L. Hopper
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Helen Tsimiklis
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Minh Bui
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Enes Makalic
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Daniel F. Schmidt
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Melissa C. Southey
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Carmel Apicella
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jennifer Stone
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Quinten Waisfisz
- Department of Clinical Genetics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hanne Meijers-Heijboer
- Department of Clinical Genetics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Muriel A. Adank
- Department of Clinical Genetics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rob B. van der Luijt
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Alfons Meindl
- Division of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Rita K. Schmutzler
- Division of Molecular Gyneco-Oncology, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center of Familial Breast and Ovarian Cancer, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Peter Lichtner
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Clare Turnbull
- Section of Cancer Genetics, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, United Kingdom
| | - Nazneen Rahman
- Section of Cancer Genetics, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen J. Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - David J. Hunter
- Program in Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Angela Cox
- CRUK/YCR Sheffield Cancer Research Centre, Department of Oncology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Simon S. Cross
- Academic Unit of Pathology, Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Malcolm W. R. Reed
- CRUK/YCR Sheffield Cancer Research Centre, Department of Oncology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Marjanka K. Schmidt
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annegien Broeks
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Frans B. Hogervorst
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter A. Fasching
- University Breast Center Franconia, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Cancer Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Michael G. Schrauder
- University Breast Center Franconia, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Cancer Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Arif B. Ekici
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matthias W. Beckmann
- University Breast Center Franconia, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Cancer Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stig E. Bojesen
- Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Børge G. Nordestgaard
- Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sune F. Nielsen
- Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik Flyger
- Department of Breast Surgery, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Javier Benitez
- Human Genetics Group, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Valencia, Spain
| | - Pilar M. Zamora
- Servicio de Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose I. A. Perez
- Servicio de Cirugía General y Especialidades, Hospital Monte Naranco, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Christopher A. Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Brian E. Henderson
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Fredrick Schumacher
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Loic Le Marchand
- Epidemiology Program, Cancer Research Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America
| | - Paul D. P. Pharoah
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Alison M. Dunning
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Mitul Shah
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Luben
- Clinical Gerontology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Judith Brown
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Fergus J. Couch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Xianshu Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Celine Vachon
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Janet E. Olson
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Diether Lambrechts
- Vesalius Research Center (VRC), VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Matthieu Moisse
- Vesalius Research Center (VRC), VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Robert Paridaens
- Oncology Department, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Pascal Guénel
- Inserm (National Institute of Health and Medical Research), CESP (Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health), U1018, Environmental Epidemiology of Cancer, Villejuif, France
- University Paris-Sud, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France
| | - Thérèse Truong
- Inserm (National Institute of Health and Medical Research), CESP (Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health), U1018, Environmental Epidemiology of Cancer, Villejuif, France
- University Paris-Sud, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Claire Mulot
- Université Paris Sorbonne Cité, UMR-S775 Inserm, Paris, France
| | - Frederick Marme
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Barbara Burwinkel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Molecular Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Schneeweiss
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christof Sohn
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Elinor J. Sawyer
- Research Oncology, Division of Cancer Studies, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Tomlinson
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics and Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Michael J. Kerin
- Clinical Science Institute, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Nicola Miller
- Clinical Science Institute, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Irene L. Andrulis
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Julia A. Knight
- Prosserman Centre for Health Research, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Epidemiology, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sandrine Tchatchou
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anna Marie Mulligan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, and the Keenan Research Centre of the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Thilo Dörk
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | | | - Hoda Anton-Culver
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Hatef Darabi
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mikael Eriksson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Montserrat Garcia-Closas
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, United Kingdom
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, Division of Breast Cancer Research, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jonine Figueroa
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jolanta Lissowska
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, M. Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Louise Brinton
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Peter Devilee
- Department of Human Genetics & Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Caroline Seynaeve
- Family Cancer Clinic, Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC-Daniel den Hoed Cancer Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Vessela N. Kristensen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology (EpiGen), University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | - Susan Slager
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Amanda E. Toland
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | | | - Drakoulis Yannoukakos
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, IRRP, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Aghia Paraskevi Attikis, Athens, Greece
| | - Annika Lindblom
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sara Margolin
- Department of Oncology - Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paolo Radice
- Unit of Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk and Genetic Testing, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori (INT), Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Peterlongo
- IFOM, Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Barile
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia (IEO), Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Mariani
- IFOM, Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, Milan, Italy
- Cogentech Cancer Genetic Test Laboratory, Milan, Italy
| | - Maartje J. Hooning
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - John W. M. Martens
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J. Margriet Collée
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Agnes Jager
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anna Jakubowska
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Jan Lubinski
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Jaworska-Bieniek
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
- Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Durda
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Graham G. Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Catriona McLean
- Anatomical Pathology, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Hiltrud Brauch
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
- University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Brüning
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-University Bochum (IPA), Bochum, Germany
| | - Yon-Dschun Ko
- Department of Internal Medicine, Evangelische Kliniken Bonn gGmbH, Johanniter Krankenhaus, Bonn, Germany
| | - The GENICA Network
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
- University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-University Bochum (IPA), Bochum, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine, Evangelische Kliniken Bonn gGmbH, Johanniter Krankenhaus, Bonn, Germany
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute for Occupational Medicine and Maritime Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty of the University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Aida Karina Dieffenbach
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Volker Arndt
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Anthony Swerdlow
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology and Division of Breast Cancer Research, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Alan Ashworth
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nick Orr
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Jones
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, United Kingdom
| | - Jacques Simard
- Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec Research Center and Laval University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mark S. Goldberg
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, McGill University Health Centre, Royal Victoria Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - France Labrèche
- Départements de Santé Environnementale et Santé au Travail et de Médecine Sociale et Préventive, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Martine Dumont
- Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec Research Center and Laval University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Robert Winqvist
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, NordLab Oulu/Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Katri Pylkäs
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, NordLab Oulu/Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | | | - Mervi Grip
- Department of Surgery, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Vesa Kataja
- School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oncology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Cancer Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Veli-Matti Kosma
- School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Imaging Center, Department of Clinical Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Cancer Center of Eastern Finland, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jaana M. Hartikainen
- School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Imaging Center, Department of Clinical Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Cancer Center of Eastern Finland, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Arto Mannermaa
- School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Imaging Center, Department of Clinical Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Cancer Center of Eastern Finland, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ute Hamann
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Carl Blomqvist
- Department of Oncology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kristiina Aittomäki
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Douglas F. Easton
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Heli Nevanlinna
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Bancroft EK, Page EC, Castro E, Lilja H, Vickers A, Sjoberg D, Assel M, Foster CS, Mitchell G, Drew K, Mæhle L, Axcrona K, Evans DG, Bulman B, Eccles D, McBride D, van Asperen C, Vasen H, Kiemeney LA, Ringelberg J, Cybulski C, Wokolorczyk D, Selkirk C, Hulick PJ, Bojesen A, Skytte AB, Lam J, Taylor L, Oldenburg R, Cremers R, Verhaegh G, van Zelst-Stams WA, Oosterwijk JC, Blanco I, Salinas M, Cook J, Rosario DJ, Buys S, Conner T, Ausems MG, Ong KR, Hoffman J, Domchek S, Powers J, Teixeira MR, Maia S, Foulkes WD, Taherian N, Ruijs M, Helderman-van den Enden AT, Izatt L, Davidson R, Adank MA, Walker L, Schmutzler R, Tucker K, Kirk J, Hodgson S, Harris M, Douglas F, Lindeman GJ, Zgajnar J, Tischkowitz M, Clowes VE, Susman R, Ramón y Cajal T, Patcher N, Gadea N, Spigelman A, van Os T, Liljegren A, Side L, Brewer C, Brady AF, Donaldson A, Stefansdottir V, Friedman E, Chen-Shtoyerman R, Amor DJ, Copakova L, Barwell J, Giri VN, Murthy V, Nicolai N, Teo SH, Greenhalgh L, Strom S, Henderson A, McGrath J, Gallagher D, Aaronson N, Ardern-Jones A, Bangma C, Dearnaley D, Costello P, Eyfjord J, Rothwell J, Falconer A, Gronberg H, Hamdy FC, Johannsson O, Khoo V, Kote-Jarai Z, Lubinski J, Axcrona U, Melia J, McKinley J, Mitra AV, Moynihan C, Rennert G, Suri M, Wilson P, Killick E, Moss S, Eeles RA. Targeted prostate cancer screening in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers: results from the initial screening round of the IMPACT study. Eur Urol 2014; 66:489-99. [PMID: 24484606 PMCID: PMC4105321 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2014.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Men with germline breast cancer 1, early onset (BRCA1) or breast cancer 2, early onset (BRCA2) gene mutations have a higher risk of developing prostate cancer (PCa) than noncarriers. IMPACT (Identification of Men with a genetic predisposition to ProstAte Cancer: Targeted screening in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers and controls) is an international consortium of 62 centres in 20 countries evaluating the use of targeted PCa screening in men with BRCA1/2 mutations. OBJECTIVE To report the first year's screening results for all men at enrollment in the study. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS We recruited men aged 40-69 yr with germline BRCA1/2 mutations and a control group of men who have tested negative for a pathogenic BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation known to be present in their families. All men underwent prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing at enrollment, and those men with PSA >3 ng/ml were offered prostate biopsy. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS PSA levels, PCa incidence, and tumour characteristics were evaluated. The Fisher exact test was used to compare the number of PCa cases among groups and the differences among disease types. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS We recruited 2481 men (791 BRCA1 carriers, 531 BRCA1 controls; 731 BRCA2 carriers, 428 BRCA2 controls). A total of 199 men (8%) presented with PSA >3.0 ng/ml, 162 biopsies were performed, and 59 PCas were diagnosed (18 BRCA1 carriers, 10 BRCA1 controls; 24 BRCA2 carriers, 7 BRCA2 controls); 66% of the tumours were classified as intermediate- or high-risk disease. The positive predictive value (PPV) for biopsy using a PSA threshold of 3.0 ng/ml in BRCA2 mutation carriers was 48%-double the PPV reported in population screening studies. A significant difference in detecting intermediate- or high-risk disease was observed in BRCA2 carriers. Ninety-five percent of the men were white, thus the results cannot be generalised to all ethnic groups. CONCLUSIONS The IMPACT screening network will be useful for targeted PCa screening studies in men with germline genetic risk variants as they are discovered. These preliminary results support the use of targeted PSA screening based on BRCA genotype and show that this screening yields a high proportion of aggressive disease. PATIENT SUMMARY In this report, we demonstrate that germline genetic markers can be used to identify men at higher risk of prostate cancer. Targeting screening at these men resulted in the identification of tumours that were more likely to require treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth K Bancroft
- Cancer Genetics Unit and Academic Urology Unit, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Oncogenetics Team, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | | | - Elena Castro
- Oncogenetics Team, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK; Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Hans Lilja
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine, Surgery, and Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Institute of Biomedical Technology, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Andrew Vickers
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel Sjoberg
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Melissa Assel
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Gillian Mitchell
- Familial Cancer Centre, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kate Drew
- Familial Cancer Centre, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | | | - D Gareth Evans
- Genetic Medicine, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Barbara Bulman
- Genetic Medicine, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Diana Eccles
- Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, Princess Anne Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Donna McBride
- Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, Princess Anne Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | | | - Hans Vasen
- Foundation for the Detection of Hereditary Tumours, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Janneke Ringelberg
- Foundation for the Detection of Hereditary Tumours, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Cezary Cybulski
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Dominika Wokolorczyk
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Christina Selkirk
- Center for Medical Genetics, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Peter J Hulick
- Center for Medical Genetics, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, USA; Priztker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | | | - Jimmy Lam
- Department of Urology, Repatriation General Hospital, Daw Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Louise Taylor
- Department of Urology, Repatriation General Hospital, Daw Park, South Australia, Australia
| | | | - Ruben Cremers
- Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerald Verhaegh
- Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jan C Oosterwijk
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ignacio Blanco
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalonian Institute of Oncology, L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Monica Salinas
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalonian Institute of Oncology, L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jackie Cook
- Sheffield Clinical Genetics Service, Sheffield Children's Hospital, Sheffield, UK
| | | | - Saundra Buys
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Tom Conner
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Margreet G Ausems
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Centre Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Kai-ren Ong
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Birmingham Women's Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jonathan Hoffman
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Birmingham Women's Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Susan Domchek
- Basser Research Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jacquelyn Powers
- Basser Research Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Manuel R Teixeira
- Genetics Department and Research Center, Portuguese Oncology Institute, Porto, Portugal; Biomedical Sciences Institute (ICBAS), Porto University, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sofia Maia
- Genetics Department and Research Center, Portuguese Oncology Institute, Porto, Portugal
| | - William D Foulkes
- McGill Program in Cancer Genetics, Departments of Oncology and Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nassim Taherian
- McGill Program in Cancer Genetics, Departments of Oncology and Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marielle Ruijs
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Louise Izatt
- South East Thames Genetics Service, London, UK, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Rosemarie Davidson
- Duncan Guthrie Institute of Medical Genetics, Yorkhill NHS Trust, Glasgow, UK
| | - Muriel A Adank
- VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Rita Schmutzler
- Center of Familial Breast and Ovarian Cancer, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Kathy Tucker
- Hereditary Cancer Clinic, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Judy Kirk
- Familial Cancer Service, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Sydney Medical School (University of Sydney) at Westmead Millennium Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Marion Harris
- Familial Cancer Centre, Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Fiona Douglas
- Northern Genetics Service, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Geoffrey J Lindeman
- Familial Cancer Centre, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Stem Cells and Cancer Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Marc Tischkowitz
- Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; The University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Virginia E Clowes
- Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; The University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rachel Susman
- Genetic Health Queensland, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Nicholas Patcher
- Genetic Services of WA, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Subiaco, WA, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Neus Gadea
- Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Allan Spigelman
- Hunter Family Cancer Service, Waratah, New South Wales, Australia; University of New South Wales, St. Vincent's Clinical School, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia; Hereditary Cancer Clinic, The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, St. Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Theo van Os
- Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annelie Liljegren
- Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lucy Side
- NE Thames Regional Genetics Service, Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Carole Brewer
- Peninsular Genetics, Derriford Hospital, Plymouth, UK; Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, UK
| | - Angela F Brady
- North West Thames Regional Genetics Service, Kennedy-Galton Centre, North West London Hospitals NHS Trust, Harrow, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - David J Amor
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Julian Barwell
- University of Leicester, Leicester, UK; University Hospitals Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Veda N Giri
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Soo-Hwang Teo
- Cancer Research Initiatives Foundation, Subang Jaya Medical Centre, Selangor, Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Lynn Greenhalgh
- Clinical Genetics, Royal Liverpool Children's Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - Sara Strom
- The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alex Henderson
- Northern Genetics Service, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | | | | - Neil Aaronson
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Audrey Ardern-Jones
- Cancer Genetics Unit and Academic Urology Unit, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Chris Bangma
- Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - David Dearnaley
- Cancer Genetics Unit and Academic Urology Unit, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Oncogenetics Team, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Philandra Costello
- Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, Princess Anne Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Jorunn Eyfjord
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Jeanette Rothwell
- Genetic Medicine, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | | | | | - Freddie C Hamdy
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Churchill Hospital, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - Oskar Johannsson
- Landspitali-the National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Vincent Khoo
- Cancer Genetics Unit and Academic Urology Unit, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Jan Lubinski
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | | | - Jane Melia
- The University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Joanne McKinley
- Familial Cancer Centre, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anita V Mitra
- Oncogenetics Team, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK; University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Clare Moynihan
- Oncogenetics Team, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Gad Rennert
- CHS National Cancer Control Center, Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | | | | | - Emma Killick
- Cancer Genetics Unit and Academic Urology Unit, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Oncogenetics Team, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Sue Moss
- Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Rosalind A Eeles
- Oncogenetics Team, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK; Cancer Genetics Unit and Academic Urology Unit, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
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Bakker JL, Thirthagiri E, van Mil SE, Adank MA, Ikeda H, Verheul HMW, Meijers-Heijboer H, de Winter JP, Sharan SK, Waisfisz Q. A novel splice site mutation in the noncoding region of BRCA2: implications for Fanconi anemia and familial breast cancer diagnostics. Hum Mutat 2014; 35:442-6. [PMID: 24395671 DOI: 10.1002/humu.22505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) is a rare recessive disorder with chromosomal instability, congenital abnormalities, and a high cancer risk. The breast cancer susceptibility gene BRCA2 (FANCD1) is one of the 16 genes involved in this recessive disease. We have identified a novel mutation of the splice donor site of intron 1 in the noncoding region of BRCA2 in a Japanese FA family. This mutation may account for the FA phenotype in a patient originally reported to have biallelic mutations in BRCA2. Subsequent functional studies revealed that one of the mutations, K2729N, was a neutral change. As reported here, a more careful analysis resulted in the identification of a novel splice site mutation. Functional analysis using a mouse embryonic stem cell-based assay revealed that it causes aberrant splicing, reduced transcript levels and hypersensitivity to DNA damaging agents, suggesting that it is likely to be pathogenic. Although similar pathogenic variants in the noncoding region of BRCA1 and 2 were not identified in a cohort of 752 familial breast cancer cases, we still think this finding is relevant for mutation analysis in Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer Syndrome families in a diagnostic setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine L Bakker
- Department of Clinical Genetics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Vencken PMLH, Reitsma W, Kriege M, Mourits MJE, de Bock GH, de Hullu JA, van Altena AM, Gaarenstroom KN, Vasen HFA, Adank MA, Schmidt MK, van Beurden M, Zweemer RP, Rijcken F, Slangen BFM, Burger CW, Seynaeve C. Outcome of BRCA1- compared with BRCA2-associated ovarian cancer: a nationwide study in the Netherlands. Ann Oncol 2013; 24:2036-42. [PMID: 23543211 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdt068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies suggested an improved overall survival (OS) for BRCA2- versus BRCA1-associated epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), whereas the impact of chemotherapy is not yet clear. In a nationwide cohort, we examined the results of primary treatment, progression-free survival (PFS), treatment-free interval (TFI), and OS of BRCA1 versus BRCA2 EOC patients. METHODS Two hundred and forty-five BRCA1- and 99 BRCA2-associated EOC patients were identified through all Dutch university hospitals. Analyses were carried out with the Pearson's Chi-square test, Kaplan-Meier, and Cox regression methods. RESULTS BRCA1 patients were younger at EOC diagnosis than BRCA2 patients (51 versus 55 years; P < 0.001), without differences regarding histology, tumor grade, and International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage. Complete response rates after primary treatment, including chemotherapy, did not differ between BRCA1 (86%) and BRCA2 patients (90%). BRCA1 versus BRCA2 patients had a shorter PFS (median 2.2 versus 3.9 years, respectively; P = 0.006), TFI (median 1.7 versus 2.8 years; P = 0.009), and OS (median 6.0 versus 9.7 years; P = 0.04). Differences could not be explained by age at diagnosis, FIGO stage or type of treatment. CONCLUSIONS PFS and OS were substantially longer in BRCA2- than in BRCA1-associated EOC patients. While response rates after primary treatment were similarly high in both groups, TFI, as surrogate for chemosensitivity, was significantly longer in BRCA2 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M L H Vencken
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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43
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Adank MA, Jonker MA, Kluijt I, van Mil SE, Oldenburg RA, Mooi WJ, Hogervorst FBL, van den Ouweland AMW, Gille JJP, Schmidt MK, van der Vaart AW, Meijers-Heijboer H, Waisfisz Q. CHEK2*1100delC homozygosity is associated with a high breast cancer risk in women. J Med Genet 2011; 48:860-3. [PMID: 22058428 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2011-100380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations in the CHEK2 gene confer a moderately increased breast cancer risk. The risk for female carriers of the CHEK2*1100delC mutation is twofold increased. Breast cancer risk for carrier women is higher in a familial breast cancer setting which is due to coinheritance of additional genetic risk factors. This study investigated the occurrence of homozygosity for the CHEK2*1100delC allele among familial breast cancer cases and the associated breast cancer risk. METHODS AND RESULTS Homozygosity for the CHEK2*1100delC allele was identified in 8/2554 Dutch independent familial non-BRCA1/2 breast cancer cases. The genotype relative risk for breast cancer of homozygous and heterozygous familial breast cancer cases was 101.34 (95% CI 4.47 to 121 000) and 4.04 (95% CI 0.88 to 21.0), respectively. Female homozygotes appeared to have a greater than twofold increased breast cancer risk compared to familial CHEK2*1100delC heterozygotes (p=0.044). These results and the occurrence of multiple primary tumours in 7/10 homozygotes indicate a high cancer risk in homozygous women from non-BRCA1/2 families. CONCLUSIONS Intensive breast surveillance is therefore justified in these homozygous women. It is concluded that diagnostic testing for biallelic mutations in CHEK2 is indicated in non-BRCA1/2 breast cancer families, especially in populations with a relatively high prevalence of deleterious mutations in CHEK2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muriel A Adank
- Department of Clinical Genetics, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Adank MA, Segers H, van Mil SE, van Helsdingen YM, Ameziane N, van den Ouweland AMW, Wagner A, Meijers-Heijboer H, Kool M, de Kraker J, Waisfisz Q, van den Heuvel-Eibrink MM. Fanconi anemia gene mutations are not involved in sporadic Wilms tumor. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2010; 55:742-4. [PMID: 20589654 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.22588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bi-allelic germline mutations of the Fanconi anemia (FA) genes, PALB2/FANCN and BRCA2/FANCD1, have been reported in a few Wilms tumor (WT) patients with an atypical FA phenotype. Therefore, we screened a random cohort of 47 Dutch WT cases for germline mutations in these two FA-genes by DNA sequencing and Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification (MLPA). Although several cases appeared to carry missense variants, no bi-allelic pathogenic mutations were identified, indicating that bi-allelic mutations in these FA-genes do not contribute significantly to the occurrence of WT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muriel A Adank
- Section Oncogenetics, Department of Clinical Genetics, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Adank MA, van Mil SE, Gille JJP, Waisfisz Q, Meijers-Heijboer H. PALB2 analysis in BRCA2-like families. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2010; 127:357-62. [PMID: 20582465 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-010-1001-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2010] [Accepted: 06/14/2010] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BRCA2 and PALB2 function together in the Fanconi anemia (FA)-Breast Cancer (BRCA) pathway. Mono-allelic and bi-allelic BRCA2 and PALB2 mutation carriers share many clinical characteristics. Mono-allelic germline mutations of BRCA2 and PALB2 are risk alleles of female breast cancer and have also been reported in familial pancreatic cancer, and bi-allelic mutations cause a severe form of Fanconi anemia. In view of these similarities, we investigated whether the prevalence of PALB2 mutations was increased in breast cancer families with the occurrence of BRCA2 associated tumours other than female breast cancer. PALB2 mutation analysis was performed in 110 non-BRCA1/2 cancer patients: (a) 53 ovarian cancer patients from female breast-and/or ovarian cancer families; (b) 45 breast cancer patients with a first or second degree relative with pancreatic cancer; and (c) 12 male breast cancer patients from female breast cancer families. One truncating PALB2 mutation, c.509_510delGA, resulting in p.Arg170X, was found in a male breast cancer patient. We conclude that germline mutations of PALB2 do not significantly contribute to cancer risk in non-BRCA1/2 cancer families with at least one patient with ovarian cancer, male breast cancer, and/or pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Adank
- Department of Clinical Genetics, VU Medical Center, HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Adank MA, Brogi E, Bogomolniy F, Wadsworth EA, Lafaro KJ, Yee CJ, Kirchhoff T, Meijers-Heijboer EJ, Kauff ND, Boyd J, Offit K. Accuracy of BRCA1 and BRCA2 founder mutation analysis in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue. Fam Cancer 2006; 5:337-42. [PMID: 16724247 DOI: 10.1007/s10689-006-0003-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2005] [Accepted: 04/03/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A major limitation in counseling unaffected women from families with inherited breast and ovarian cancer is that a "true-negative" interpretation of wild type BRCA analysis of the proband cannot be inferred in the absence of demonstration of a BRCA mutation segregating in the kindred. Documentation of familial BRCA mutations from paraffin-derived DNA of deceased patients has been limited due to reports of technical complications leading to lack of reproducibility of BRCA testing of archival material. METHODS DNA was extracted from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) morphologically normal tissue of 161 blinded, coded samples from women previously genotyped for the three Ashkenazi Jewish BRCA founder mutations from lymphocyte-derived DNA. Multiplex PCR followed by denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was performed for the three founder mutations to determine if analysis on FFPE tissue could produce results concordant with those of the lymphocyte-derived DNA. RESULTS After disclosure of the sample codes, the results were compared with the original lymphocyte-derived DNA genotypes. Excluding one sample unevaluable due to PCR failure, there was 100% concordance of 160 genotypes (120 mutation samples) derived from DNA from archival FFPE tissue compared to peripheral lymphocytes. CONCLUSIONS The method described reliably detected BRCA founder mutations in archival DNA derived from FFPE tissue. These results suggests that this technique may be useful in clinical settings to inform wild type BRCA results of unaffected probands, leading to avoidance of unnecessary intensified surveillance or risk-reducing surgery. With further validation this approach can also be applied to other populations where founder mutations are observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Adank
- Clinical Genetics Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA
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