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Moura Nadolny J, Best O, Netzel G, Shewan HM, Dao Thi Phan A, Smyth HE, Stokes JR. Chemical composition of bunya nuts (Araucaria bidwillii) compared to Araucaria angustifolia and Araucaria araucana species. Food Res Int 2023; 163:112269. [PMID: 36596180 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.112269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Three of nineteen Araucaria tree species from around the world produce large edible seeds. While composition is established for edible pinhão and piñones nuts from Brazil and Chile, respectively, the first detailed characterisation for the composition of edible Araucaria bidwillii (bunya nut) from Australia is provided. Almost half of the kernel weight is moisture and the main component in the dried kernel is starch. Whilst low in protein and fat, it contains all essential amino acids and half the fatty acids are polyunsaturated (Omega-3 and 6). Bunya nuts are a source of dietary fibre, folate and minerals (Cu, Mn, Fe, Mg), while the nut husks and inner coating are high in phenolics, mainly catechin. The composition supports the Traditional Knowledge of Aboriginal Australians that the bunya nut is an energy dense and nutrient rich food. Similarities in the composition among the three different edible varieties were found, which should assist in developing sustainable value chain propositions via shared knowledge on processing and utilisation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Odette Best
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Southern Queensland, Ipswich, QLD 4305, Australia
| | - Gabriele Netzel
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Heather M Shewan
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Anh Dao Thi Phan
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Heather E Smyth
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Jason R Stokes
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
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Srivarathan S, Phan ADT, Hong HT, Netzel G, Wright OR, Sultanbawa Y, Netzel ME. Nutritional composition and anti-nutrients of underutilized Australian indigenous edible halophytes – Saltbush, Seablite and Seapurslane. J Food Compost Anal 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2022.104876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Alagappan S, Chaliha M, Sultanbawa Y, Fuller S, Hoffman L, Netzel G, Weber N, Rychlik M, Cozzolino D, Smyth H, Olarte Mantilla S. Nutritional analysis, volatile composition, antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of Australian green ants (Oecophylla smaragdina). Future Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fufo.2020.100007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
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Gilbert RA, Netzel G, Chandra K, Ouwerkerk D, Fletcher MT. Degradation of the Indospicine Toxin from Indigofera spicata by a Mixed Population of Rumen Bacteria. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13060389. [PMID: 34071579 PMCID: PMC8226729 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13060389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The leguminous plant species, Indigofera linnaei and Indigofera spicata are distributed throughout the rangeland regions of Australia and the compound indospicine (L-2-amino-6-amidinohexanoic acid) found in these palatable forage plants acts as a hepatotoxin and can accumulate in the meat of ruminant livestock and wild camels. In this study, bovine rumen fluid was cultivated in an in vitro fermentation system provided with Indigofera spicata plant material and the ability of the resulting mixed microbial populations to degrade indospicine was determined using UPLC–MS/MS over a 14 day time period. The microbial populations of the fermentation system were determined using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and showed distinct, time-related changes occurring as the rumen-derived microbes adapted to the fermentation conditions and the nutritional substrates provided by the Indigofera plant material. Within eight days of commencement, indospicine was completely degraded by the microbes cultivated within the fermenter, forming the degradation products 2-aminopimelamic acid and 2-aminopimelic acid within a 24 h time period. The in vitro fermentation approach enabled the development of a specifically adapted, mixed microbial population which has the potential to be used as a rumen drench for reducing the toxic side-effects and toxin accumulation associated with ingestion of Indigofera plant material by grazing ruminant livestock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalind A. Gilbert
- Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, EcoSciences Precinct, Dutton Park, QLD 4102, Australia; (K.C.); (D.O.)
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (G.N.); (M.T.F.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Gabriele Netzel
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (G.N.); (M.T.F.)
| | - Kerri Chandra
- Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, EcoSciences Precinct, Dutton Park, QLD 4102, Australia; (K.C.); (D.O.)
| | - Diane Ouwerkerk
- Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, EcoSciences Precinct, Dutton Park, QLD 4102, Australia; (K.C.); (D.O.)
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (G.N.); (M.T.F.)
| | - Mary T. Fletcher
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (G.N.); (M.T.F.)
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Netzel G, Mikkelsen D, Flanagan BM, Netzel ME, Gidley MJ, Williams BA. Metabolism of Black Carrot Polyphenols during In Vitro Fermentation is Not Affected by Cellulose or Cell Wall Association. Foods 2020; 9:E1911. [PMID: 33371245 PMCID: PMC7766557 DOI: 10.3390/foods9121911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fruit and vegetable polyphenols are associated with health benefits, and those not absorbed could be fermented by the gastro-intestinal tract microbiota. Many fermentation studies focus on "pure" polyphenols, rather than those associated with plant cell walls (PCW). Black carrots (BlkC), are an ideal model plant food as their polyphenols bind to PCW with minimal release after gastro-intestinal digestion. BlkC were fractionated into three components-supernatant, pellet after centrifugation, and whole puree. Bacterial cellulose (BCell) was soaked in supernatant (BCell&S) as a model substrate. All substrates were fermented in vitro with a pig faecal inoculum. Gas kinetics, short chain fatty acids, and ammonium production, and changes in anthocyanins and phenolic acids were compared. This study showed that metabolism of BlkC polyphenols during in vitro fermentation was not affected by cellulose/cell wall association. In addition, BCell&S is an appropriate model to represent BlkC fermentation, suggesting the potential to examine fermentability of PCW-associated polyphenols in other fruits/vegetables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Netzel
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland-St. Lucia Campus, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (G.N.); (B.M.F.); (M.E.N.); (M.J.G.); (B.A.W.)
| | - Deirdre Mikkelsen
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland-St. Lucia Campus, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (G.N.); (B.M.F.); (M.E.N.); (M.J.G.); (B.A.W.)
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland-St. Lucia Campus, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Bernadine M. Flanagan
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland-St. Lucia Campus, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (G.N.); (B.M.F.); (M.E.N.); (M.J.G.); (B.A.W.)
| | - Michael E. Netzel
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland-St. Lucia Campus, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (G.N.); (B.M.F.); (M.E.N.); (M.J.G.); (B.A.W.)
| | - Michael J. Gidley
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland-St. Lucia Campus, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (G.N.); (B.M.F.); (M.E.N.); (M.J.G.); (B.A.W.)
| | - Barbara A. Williams
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland-St. Lucia Campus, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (G.N.); (B.M.F.); (M.E.N.); (M.J.G.); (B.A.W.)
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Chua ET, Dal'Molin C, Thomas-Hall S, Netzel ME, Netzel G, Schenk PM. Cold and dark treatments induce omega-3 fatty acid and carotenoid production in Nannochloropsis oceanica. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.102059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Igwe EO, Roodenrys S, Probst YC, do Rosario V, Netzel ME, Hong HT, Netzel G, Phan ADT, Charlton KE. Low anthocyanin plum nectar does not impact cognition, blood pressure and gut microbiota in healthy older adults: A randomized crossover trial. Nutr Res 2020; 82:74-87. [PMID: 32977254 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2020.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Queen Garnet plum (QGP), known for its high levels of anthocyanins, is a hybrid of the Japanese plum developed in Queensland, Australia. Anthocyanins provide the red, blue, and purple pigments in plants with demonstrated beneficial health effects. This study hypothesized that low-dose anthocyanin QGP intake will have a significant positive effect on cognition, blood pressure, and gut microbiota in healthy older adults. A randomized crossover trial was conducted to determine the effect and within subject variance on cognition and 24 hr. ambulatory blood pressure in older adults without cognitive impairment following daily consumption of 200 mL low-dose anthocyanin (5 mg/100 g) QGP nectar (intervention) or raspberry cordial (control). Secondary outcomes included inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein), nerve growth factor (BDNF), and gut microbiota (16S rRNA gene sequencing). Twenty-eight participants (55+ years) were recruited. Each randomized treatment arm lasted for 8 weeks with a 4-week washout period. Cognition, blood pressure, and urine samples were measured at each visit (5 total) while blood and fecal samples were collected at baseline, 8 weeks, and 20 weeks. Repeated-measures ANOVA was used to analyze the data. Across the treatments, no significant difference was observed for the different domains of cognition, blood pressure, or anti-inflammatory biomarkers. No intervention effect was found for genera or class of gut microbes. Low anthocyanin nectar derived from the QGP did not have any significant effects on cognition, blood pressure, or gut microbiota in healthy older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezinne O Igwe
- School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollonggong, NSW, Australia; Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollonggong, NSW, Australia.
| | - Steven Roodenrys
- School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Wollonggong, NSW, Australia
| | - Yasmine C Probst
- School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollonggong, NSW, Australia; Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollonggong, NSW, Australia
| | - Vinicius do Rosario
- School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollonggong, NSW, Australia; Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollonggong, NSW, Australia
| | - Michael E Netzel
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Coopers Plains, QLD 4108, Australia
| | - Hung T Hong
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Coopers Plains, QLD 4108, Australia
| | - Gabriele Netzel
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Coopers Plains, QLD 4108, Australia
| | - Anh D T Phan
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Coopers Plains, QLD 4108, Australia
| | - Karen E Charlton
- School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollonggong, NSW, Australia; Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollonggong, NSW, Australia
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Tan ET, Ng JC, Al Jassim R, D'Arcy BR, Netzel G, Fletcher MT. Emerging food safety risk of hepatotoxic indospicine in feral Australian camel meat. Food Control 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2020.107205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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10
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Phan ADT, Williams BA, Netzel G, Mikkelsen D, D'Arcy BR, Gidley MJ. Independent fermentation and metabolism of dietary polyphenols associated with a plant cell wall model. Food Funct 2020; 11:2218-2230. [DOI: 10.1039/c9fo02987g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The metabolic pathways of polyphenol degradation are not influenced by the presence of plant cell walls during in vitro fermentation, but co-fermentation of cell walls may lead to faster microbial metabolism of polyphenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. D. T. Phan
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation
- The University of Queensland
- St. Lucia
- Australia
| | - B. A. Williams
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation
- The University of Queensland
- St. Lucia
- Australia
| | - G. Netzel
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation
- The University of Queensland
- St. Lucia
- Australia
| | - D. Mikkelsen
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation
- The University of Queensland
- St. Lucia
- Australia
| | - B. R. D'Arcy
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation
- The University of Queensland
- St. Lucia
- Australia
| | - M. J. Gidley
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation
- The University of Queensland
- St. Lucia
- Australia
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Phan ADT, Netzel G, Chhim P, Netzel ME, Sultanbawa Y. Phytochemical Characteristics and Antimicrobial Activity of Australian Grown Garlic ( Allium Sativum L.) Cultivars. Foods 2019; 8:E358. [PMID: 31450776 PMCID: PMC6770571 DOI: 10.3390/foods8090358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study systematically evaluated the main bioactive compounds and associated biological properties of two Australian grown garlic cultivars and commercial non-Australian grown garlic (for comparison purposes only). Additionally, the distribution of bioactive compounds in garlic skin and clove samples was determined to obtain a better understanding of the potential biological functionality of the different garlic parts. The identification and quantification of bioactive compounds was performed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry and photodiode array detection (UHPLC-PDA-MS). A principal component analysis was applied to assess the correlation between the determined bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacity as well as antimicrobial activity. The content of phenolic compounds (free and bound forms) in the garlic skin samples was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than that of the garlic cloves, and was also higher (p < 0.05) in the Australian grown cultivars compared to the commercial non-Australian grown garlic. Anthocyanins were found in the skin samples of the Australian grown garlic cultivars. The organosulfur compounds were higher (p < 0.05) in the cloves compared to the skin samples and higher (p < 0.05) in the Australian grown cultivars compared to the studied commercial sample. As the richer source of bioactive compounds, the Australian grown garlic cultivars exhibited a significantly (p < 0.05) higher antioxidant capacity and stronger (p < 0.05) antimicrobial activity than the commercial non-Australian grown garlic. The potential of garlic cultivars rich in bioactive compounds for domestic and industrial applications, e.g., condiment and natural food preservative, should be explored further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh Dao Thi Phan
- ARC Training Centre for Uniquely Australian Foods, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Gabriele Netzel
- ARC Training Centre for Uniquely Australian Foods, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - Panhchapor Chhim
- ARC Training Centre for Uniquely Australian Foods, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - Michael E Netzel
- ARC Training Centre for Uniquely Australian Foods, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - Yasmina Sultanbawa
- ARC Training Centre for Uniquely Australian Foods, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Queensland, Australia.
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Netzel G, Tan ETT, Yin M, Giles C, Yong KWL, Al Jassim R, Fletcher MT. Bioaccumulation and Distribution of Indospicine and Its Foregut Metabolites in Camels Fed Indigofera spicata. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:toxins11030169. [PMID: 30893830 PMCID: PMC6468780 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11030169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro experiments have demonstrated that camel foregut-fluid has the capacity to metabolize indospicine, a natural toxin which causes hepatotoxicosis, but such metabolism is in competition with absorption and outflow of indospicine from the different segments of the digestive system. Six young camels were fed Indigofera spicata (337 µg indospicine/kg BW/day) for 32 days, at which time three camels were euthanized. The remaining camels were monitored for a further 100 days after cessation of this indospicine diet. In a retrospective investigation, relative levels of indospicine foregut-metabolism products were examined by UHPLC-MS/MS in plasma, collected during both accumulation and depletion stages of this experiment. The metabolite 2-aminopimelamic acid could be detected at low levels in almost all plasma samples, whereas 2-aminopimelic acid could not be detected. In the euthanized camels, 2-aminopimelamic acid could be found in all tissues except muscle, whereas 2-aminopimelic acid was only found in the kidney, pancreas, and liver tissues. The clearance rate for these metabolites was considerably greater than for indospicine, which was still present in plasma of the remaining camels 100 days after cessation of Indigofera consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Netzel
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Health and Food Sciences Precinct, Coopers Plains, QLD 4108, Australia.
| | - Eddie T T Tan
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Health and Food Sciences Precinct, Coopers Plains, QLD 4108, Australia.
- Alliance of Research and Innovation for Food (ARIF), Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Negeri Sembilan, Kuala Pilah Campus, Negeri Sembilan 72000, Malaysia.
| | - Mukan Yin
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Health and Food Sciences Precinct, Coopers Plains, QLD 4108, Australia.
| | - Cindy Giles
- Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Health and Food Sciences Precinct, Coopers Plains, QLD 4108, Australia.
| | - Ken W L Yong
- Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Health and Food Sciences Precinct, Coopers Plains, QLD 4108, Australia.
| | - Rafat Al Jassim
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Health and Food Sciences Precinct, Coopers Plains, QLD 4108, Australia.
| | - Mary T Fletcher
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Health and Food Sciences Precinct, Coopers Plains, QLD 4108, Australia.
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Netzel G, Palmer DG, Masters AM, Tai SY, Allen JG, Fletcher MT. Assessing the risk of residues of the toxin indospicine in bovine muscle and liver from north-west Australia. Toxicon 2019; 163:48-58. [PMID: 30880189 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2019.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Indospicine is a natural toxin occurring only in Indigofera plant species, including the Australian native species I. linnaei. These perennial legumes are resistant to drought and palatable to grazing livestock including cattle. Indospicine accumulates in the tissues (including muscle) of animals grazing Indigofera and these residues persist for several months after exposure. Dogs are particularly sensitive to indospicine with reports in past decades of hepatotoxicosis and mortalities in dogs after dietary exposure to indospicine-contaminated horse and camel meat. The risk for human consumption is not known, and the current study was undertaken to assess indospicine levels in cattle going to slaughter from divergent regions of Western Australia, and to predict the likelihood of significant residues being present. Muscle and corresponding liver samples from 776 cattle originating from the Kimberley and Pilbara Regions in the tropical north of the state, where I. linnaei is prevalent, and 640 cattle from the South West and South Coast Regions in the temperate south west of the state, where the plant is not known to occur, were collected at abattoirs over four seasons in 2015-2017. Indospicine levels were measured by LC-MS/MS and ranged from below detection to 3.63 mg/kg. No indospicine residues were detected in any of the animals originating from the South West and South Coast Regions. Prevalence of indospicine residues in cattle from the Kimberley Region was as high as 33% in spring and 91% in autumn, with positive animals being present in most consignments and on most properties. The average prevalence of indospicine residues from the Kimberley and Pilbara Regions throughout the survey period was 63%. @Risk best fit probability distributions showed ninety-fifth percentile (P95) indospicine concentrations of 0.54 mg/kg for muscle and 0.77 mg/kg for liver in cattle originating from the Kimberley and Pilbara Regions during the survey period. When considered with average Australian meat consumption data, the estimated consumer exposure from this P95 muscle was 0.32 μg indospicine/kg bw/day, which compared favourably with our calculated provisional tolerable daily intake (PTDI) of 1.3 μg indospicine/kg bw/day. However canine exposure is of potential concern, with active working dog exposure calculated to exceed this PTDI by a factor of 25, based on a P95 indospicine concentration of 0.54 mg/kg in muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Netzel
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Health and Food Sciences Precinct, Coopers Plains, 4108, QLD, Australia
| | - Dieter G Palmer
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, South Perth, 6151, WA, Australia
| | - Anne M Masters
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, South Perth, 6151, WA, Australia
| | - Samantha Y Tai
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, South Perth, 6151, WA, Australia
| | - Jeremy G Allen
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, South Perth, 6151, WA, Australia
| | - Mary T Fletcher
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Health and Food Sciences Precinct, Coopers Plains, 4108, QLD, Australia.
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Gartaula G, Dhital S, Deshmukh O, Netzel G, Gidley MJ. Rheological characterisation of cell walls from wheat flour and endosperm: Effects of diferulate crosslink hydrolysis. Food Hydrocoll 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Sultan S, Giles C, Netzel G, Osborne SA, Netzel ME, Fletcher MT. Release of Indospicine from Contaminated Camel Meat following Cooking and Simulated Gastrointestinal Digestion: Implications for Human Consumption. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:toxins10090356. [PMID: 30177604 PMCID: PMC6162627 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10090356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Indospicine, a hepatotoxic arginine analog, occurs in leguminous plants of the Indigofera genus and accumulates in the tissues of grazing animals that consume these plants. Furthermore, indospicine has caused toxicity in dogs following consumption of indospicine-contaminated meat; however, the potential impact on human health is unknown. The present study was designed to determine the effect of simulated human gastrointestinal digestion on the release and degradation of indospicine from contaminated camel meat following microwave cooking. Results showed no significant (p > 0.05) indospicine degradation during cooking or in vitro digestion. However, approximately 70% indospicine was released from the meat matrix into the liquid digesta during the gastric phase (in the presence of pepsin) and increased to >90% in the intestinal phase (with pancreatic enzymes). Following human consumption of contaminated meat, this soluble and more bioaccessible fraction of intact indospicine could be readily available for absorption by the small intestine, potentially circulating indospicine throughout the human body to tissues where it could accumulate and cause detrimental toxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saira Sultan
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Health and Food Sciences Precinct, Coopers Plains, QLD 4108, Australia.
| | - Cindy Giles
- Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Queensland Government, Health and Food Sciences Precinct, Coopers Plains, QLD 4108, Australia.
| | - Gabriele Netzel
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Health and Food Sciences Precinct, Coopers Plains, QLD 4108, Australia.
| | - Simone A Osborne
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Agriculture and Food, St. Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia.
| | - Michael E Netzel
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Health and Food Sciences Precinct, Coopers Plains, QLD 4108, Australia.
| | - Mary T Fletcher
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Health and Food Sciences Precinct, Coopers Plains, QLD 4108, Australia.
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Gartaula G, Dhital S, Netzel G, Flanagan BM, Yakubov GE, Beahan CT, Collins HM, Burton RA, Bacic A, Gidley MJ. Quantitative structural organisation model for wheat endosperm cell walls: Cellulose as an important constituent. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 196:199-208. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Ma R, Thomas-Hall SR, Chua ET, Eltanahy E, Netzel ME, Netzel G, Lu Y, Schenk PM. LED power efficiency of biomass, fatty acid, and carotenoid production in Nannochloropsis microalgae. Bioresour Technol 2018; 252:118-126. [PMID: 29306714 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.12.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The microalga Nannochloropsis produces high-value omega-3-rich fatty acids and carotenoids. In this study the effects of light intensity and wavelength on biomass, fatty acid, and carotenoid production with respect to light output efficiency were investigated. Similar biomass and fatty acid yields were obtained at high light intensity (150 μmol m-2 s-1) LEDs on day 7 and low light intensity (50 μmol m-2 s-1) LEDs on day 11 during cultivation, but the power efficiencies of biomass and fatty acid (specifically eicosapentaenoic acid) production were higher for low light intensity. Interestingly, low light intensity enhanced both, carotenoid power efficiency of carotenoid biosynthesis and yield. White LEDs were neither advantageous for biomass and fatty acid yields, nor the power efficiency of biomass, fatty acid, and carotenoid production. Noticeably, red LED resulted in the highest biomass and fatty acid power efficiency, suggesting that LEDs can be fine-tuned to grow Nannochloropsis algae more energy-efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijuan Ma
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China; Algae Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Skye R Thomas-Hall
- Algae Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Elvis T Chua
- Algae Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Eladl Eltanahy
- Algae Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia; Phycology Laboratory, Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | - Michael E Netzel
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, PO Box 156, Archerfield, Queensland 4108, Australia
| | - Gabriele Netzel
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, PO Box 156, Archerfield, Queensland 4108, Australia
| | - Yinghua Lu
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Peer M Schenk
- Algae Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.
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Ma R, Thomas-Hall SR, Chua ET, Alsenani F, Eltanahy E, Netzel ME, Netzel G, Lu Y, Schenk PM. Gene expression profiling of astaxanthin and fatty acid pathways in Haematococcus pluvialis in response to different LED lighting conditions. Bioresour Technol 2018; 250:591-602. [PMID: 29216572 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.11.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Haematococcus pluvialis is a green microalga of major interest to industry based on its ability to produce large amounts of astaxanthin. Biosynthesis of astaxanthin and its mono- and di-esters was significantly stimulated under 150 μmol m-2 s-1 of white LED (W-150) compared with lower light intensities, but the highest astaxanthin amounts were produced under 70 μmol m-2 s-1 of blue LED (B-70). Transcripts of astaxanthin biosynthesis genes psy, crtO, and bkt2 were upregulated under W-150, while psy, lcy, crtO, and crtR-B were upregulated by B-70. Total fatty acid content and biosynthesis genes fata and all dgat genes were induced under W-150, while C18:3n6 biosynthesis and dgat2a expression were specifically stimulated by B-70 which was correlated to astaxanthin ester biosynthesis. Nitrogen starvation, various LEDs and the identified upregulated genes may provide useful tools for future metabolic engineering to significantly increase free astaxanthin, its esters and fatty acid precursors in H. pluvialis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijuan Ma
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; Algae Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Skye R Thomas-Hall
- Algae Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Elvis T Chua
- Algae Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Faisal Alsenani
- Algae Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Eladl Eltanahy
- Algae Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; Phycology Laboratory, Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | - Michael E Netzel
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, PO Box 156, Archerfield, QLD 4108, Australia
| | - Gabriele Netzel
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, PO Box 156, Archerfield, QLD 4108, Australia
| | - Yinghua Lu
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Peer M Schenk
- Algae Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
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Sun L, Warren FJ, Netzel G, Gidley MJ. 3 or 3′-Galloyl substitution plays an important role in association of catechins and theaflavins with porcine pancreatic α-amylase: The kinetics of inhibition of α-amylase by tea polyphenols. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Mönch S, Netzel M, Netzel G, Ott U, Frank T, Rychlik M. Pilot Study on Folate Bioavailability from a Camembert Cheese Reveals Contradictory Findings to Recent Results from a Human Short-term Study. Front Nutr 2016; 3:9. [PMID: 27092303 PMCID: PMC4824765 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2016.00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Different dietary sources of folate have differing bioavailabilities, which may affect their nutritional “value.” In order to examine if these differences also occur within the same food products, a short-term human pilot study was undertaken as a follow-up study to a previously published human trial to evaluate the relative native folate bioavailabilities from low-fat Camembert cheese compared to pteroylmonoglutamic acid as the reference dose. Two healthy human subjects received the test foods in a randomized cross-over design separated by a 14-day equilibrium phase. Folate body pools were saturated with a pteroylmonoglutamic acid supplement before the first testing and between the testings. Folates in test foods and blood plasma were analyzed by stable isotope dilution assays. The biokinetic parameters Cmax, tmax, and area under the curve (AUC) were determined in plasma within the interval of 0–12 h. When comparing the ratio estimates of AUC and Cmax for the different Camembert cheeses, a higher bioavailability was found for the low-fat Camembert assessed in the present study (≥64%) compared to a different brand in our previous investigation (8.8%). It is suggested that these differences may arise from the different folate distribution in the soft dough and firm rind as well as differing individual folate vitamer proportions. The results clearly underline the importance of the food matrix, even within the same type of food product, in terms of folate bioavailability. Moreover, our findings add to the increasing number of studies questioning the general assumption of 50% bioavailability as the rationale behind the definition of folate equivalents. However, more research is needed to better understand the interactions between individual folate vitamers and other food components and the potential impact on folate bioavailability and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Mönch
- Lehrstuhl für Lebensmittelchemie, Technische Universität München , Freising , Germany
| | - Michael Netzel
- Department of Human Nutrition, Institute of Nutrition, Friedrich Schiller Universität Jena , Jena , Germany
| | - Gabriele Netzel
- Department of Human Nutrition, Institute of Nutrition, Friedrich Schiller Universität Jena , Jena , Germany
| | - Undine Ott
- Kuratorium für Dialyse und Nierentransplantation e.V. , Jena , Germany
| | | | - Michael Rychlik
- Chair of Analytical Food Chemistry, Technische Universität München , Freising , Germany
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Mönch S, Netzel M, Netzel G, Ott U, Frank T, Rychlik M. Folate bioavailability from foods rich in folates assessed in a short term human study using stable isotope dilution assays. Food Funct 2014; 6:242-8. [PMID: 25407846 DOI: 10.1039/c4fo00658e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Different sources of folate may have different bioavailability and hence may impact the standard definition of folate equivalents. In order to examine this, a short term human study was undertaken to evaluate the relative native folate bioavailabilities from spinach, Camembert cheese and wheat germs compared to pteroylmonoglutamic acid as the reference dose. The study had a single-centre, randomised, four-treatment, four-period, four-sequence, cross-over design, i.e. the four (food) items to be tested (referred to as treatments) were administered in sequences according to the Latin square, so that each experimental treatment occurred only once within each sequence and once within each study period. Each of the 24 subjects received the four experimental items separated by a 14-day equilibrium phase and received a pteroylmonoglutamic acid supplement for 14 days before the first testing and between the testings for saturation of body pools. Folates in test foods, plasma and urine samples were determined by stable isotope dilution assays, and in urine and plasma, the concentrations of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate were evaluated. Standard non-compartmental methods were applied to determine the biokinetic parameters C(max), t(max) and AUC from baseline corrected 5-methyltetrahydrofolate concentrations within the interval from 0 to 12 hours. The variability of AUC and C(max) was moderate for spinach and oral solution of pteroylmonoglutamic acid but high for Camembert cheese and very high for wheat germs. The median t(max) was lowest for spinach, though t(max) showed a high variability among all treatments. When comparing the ratio estimates of AUC and C(max) for the different test foods, highest bioavailability was found for spinach followed by that for wheat germs and Camembert cheese. The results underline the dependence of folate bioavailability on the type of food ingested. Therefore, the general assumption of 50% bioavailability as the rationale behind the definition of folate equivalents has to be questioned and requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Mönch
- Lehrstuhl für Lebensmittelchemie, Technische Universität München, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, D-85350 Freising, Germany
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Fanning K, Edwards D, Netzel M, Stanley R, Netzel G, Russell D, Topp B. INCREASING ANTHOCYANIN CONTENT IN QUEEN GARNET PLUM AND CORRELATIONS WITH IN-FIELD MEASURES. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.17660/actahortic.2013.985.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Fredericks CH, Fanning KJ, Gidley MJ, Netzel G, Zabaras D, Herrington M, Netzel M. High-anthocyanin strawberries through cultivar selection. J Sci Food Agric 2013; 93:846-852. [PMID: 22887449 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.5806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2012] [Revised: 06/15/2012] [Accepted: 06/16/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diets high in fruit and vegetables are known to have significant health benefits. This is in part due to the presence of phytochemicals, which possess potential protective health benefits. This study focuses on the ability of strawberries to be bred for higher anthocyanin content. This is a major contributor to the characteristic colour and nutritional value of ripe strawberries, together with phenolic acids, ascorbic acid and total antioxidant capacity. RESULTS Anthocyanins in five commercial strawberry cultivars and three breeding lines were assessed. This led to the discovery of one breeding line (BL 2006-221) as an exceptional source of anthocyanins (~1 g kg(-1) fresh weight), with approximately double the levels of current commercial cultivars. Temperature was shown to influence anthocyanin extraction, with 40 °C being the best extraction temperature using the accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) method. Hue angle and anthocyanin concentration showed a good correlation (r(2) = 0.69). CONCLUSION The new breeding line BL 2006-221 has the potential to be used in the development of phytochemically rich strawberry cultivars. Using hue angle as a screening tool for total anthocyanin concentration and extraction of anthocyanins from strawberries by ASE at 40 °C would support such cultivar development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charissa H Fredericks
- School of Land, Crop and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
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Padayachee A, Netzel G, Netzel M, Day L, Mikkelsen D, Gidley MJ. Lack of release of bound anthocyanins and phenolic acids from carrot plant cell walls and model composites during simulated gastric and small intestinal digestion. Food Funct 2013; 4:906-16. [DOI: 10.1039/c3fo60091b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Padayachee A, Netzel G, Netzel M, Day L, Zabaras D, Mikkelsen D, Gidley M. Binding of polyphenols to plant cell wall analogues – Part 1: Anthocyanins. Food Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.02.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Frank T, Netzel G, Kammerer DR, Carle R, Kler A, Kriesl E, Bitsch I, Bitsch R, Netzel M. Consumption of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. aqueous extract and its impact on systemic antioxidant potential in healthy subjects. J Sci Food Agric 2012; 92:2207-18. [PMID: 22331521 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.5615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2010] [Revised: 12/27/2011] [Accepted: 01/08/2012] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate health benefits attributed to Hibiscus sabdariffa L. a randomized, open-label, two-way crossover study was undertaken to compare the impact of an aqueous H. sabdariffa L. extract (HSE) on the systemic antioxidant potential (AOP; assayed by ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP)) with a reference treatment (water) in eight healthy volunteers. The biokinetic variables were the areas under the curve (AUC) of plasma FRAP, ascorbic acid and urate that are above the pre-dose concentration, and the amounts excreted into urine within 24 h (Ae(0-24) ) of antioxidants as assayed by FRAP, ascorbic acid, uric acid, malondialdehyde (biomarker for oxidative stress), and hippuric acid (metabolite and potential biomarker for total polyphenol intake). RESULTS HSE caused significantly higher plasma AUC of FRAP, an increase in Ae(0-24) of FRAP, ascorbic acid and hippuric acid, whereas malondialdehyde excretion was reduced. Furthermore, the main hibiscus anthocyanins as well as one glucuronide conjugate could be quantified in the volunteers' urine (0.02% of the administered dose). CONCLUSION The aqueous HSE investigated in this study enhanced the systemic AOP and reduced the oxidative stress in humans. Furthermore, the increased urinary hippuric acid excretion after HSE consumption indicates a high biotransformation of the ingested HSE polyphenols, most likely caused by the colonic microbiota.
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Padayachee A, Netzel G, Netzel M, Day L, Zabaras D, Mikkelsen D, Gidley MJ. Binding of polyphenols to plant cell wall analogues - Part 2: Phenolic acids. Food Chem 2012; 135:2287-92. [PMID: 22980803 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2012] [Revised: 06/02/2012] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial cellulose and cellulose-pectin composites were used as well-defined model plant cell wall (PCW) systems to study the interaction between phenolic acids (PA) derived from purple carrot juice concentrate (PCJC) and PCW components. Significant PA depletion from solution occurred, with pure cellulose initially (30s-1h) absorbing more than cellulose-pectin composites in the first hour (ca 20% cf 10-15%), but with all composites absorbing similar levels (ca 30%) after several days. Individual PAs bound to different relative extents with caffeic acid>chlorogenic acid>ferulic acid. Extrapolation of data for these model systems to carrot puree suggests that nutritionally-significant amounts of PAs could bind to cell walls, potentially restricting bioavailability in the small intestine and, as a consequence, delivering PAs to the large intestine for fermentation and metabolism by gut bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Padayachee
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
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Netzel M, Netzel G, Kammerer DR, Schieber A, Carle R, Simons L, Bitsch I, Bitsch R, Konczak I. Cancer cell antiproliferation activity and metabolism of black carrot anthocyanins. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2007.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Netzel M, Netzel G, Tian Q, Schwartz S, Konczak I. Sources of antioxidant activity in Australian native fruits. Identification and quantification of anthocyanins. J Agric Food Chem 2006; 54:9820-6. [PMID: 17177507 DOI: 10.1021/jf0622735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Selected native Australian fruits, muntries (Kunzea pomifera F. Muell., Myrtaceae), Tasmanian pepper berry (Tasmanian lanceolata R. Br., Winteraceae), Illawarra plum (Podocarpus elatus R. Br. ex Endl., Podocarpaceae), Burdekin plum (Pleiogynium timorense DC. Leenh, Anacardiaceae), Cedar Bay cherry (Eugenia carissoides F. Muell., Myrtaceae), Davidson's plum (Davidsonia pruriens F. Muell. var. pruriens, Davidsoniaceae), and Molucca raspberry (Rubus moluccanus var. austropacificus van Royen, Rosaceae), were evaluated as sources of antioxidants by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and ferric reducing antioxidant power assays and compared with blueberry (Vaccinum spp. cv. Biloxi). The total reducing capacity of five fruits was 3.5-5.4-fold higher than that of blueberry, and the radical scavenging activities of muntries and Burdekin plum were 1.5- and 2.6-fold higher, respectively. The total phenolic level by Folin-Ciocalteu assay highly correlated with the antioxidant activity. Therefore, systematic research was undertaken to identify and characterize phenolic complexes. In the present study we report on the levels and composition of anthocyanins. The HPLC-DAD and HPLC/ESI-MS-MS (ESI = electrospray ionization) analyses revealed simple anthocyanin profiles of one to four individual pigments, with cyanidin as the dominating type. This is the first evaluation of selected native Australian fruits aiming at their utilization for the development of novel functional food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Netzel
- Food Science Australia, Riverside Life Science Center, 11 Julius Avenue, North Ryde, NSW 2113, Australia.
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