1
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Geretz A, Ehrenberg PK, Clifford RJ, Laliberté A, Prelli Bozzo C, Eiser D, Kundu G, Yum LK, Apps R, Creegan M, Gunady M, Shangguan S, Sanders-Buell E, Sacdalan C, Phanuphak N, Tovanabutra S, Russell RM, Bibollet-Ruche F, Robb ML, Michael NL, Ake JA, Vasan S, Hsu DC, Hahn BH, Kirchhoff F, Thomas R. Single-cell transcriptomics identifies prothymosin α restriction of HIV-1 in vivo. Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eadg0873. [PMID: 37531416 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.adg0873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Host restriction factors play key roles in innate antiviral defense, but it remains poorly understood which of them restricts HIV-1 in vivo. Here, we used single-cell transcriptomic analysis to identify host factors associated with HIV-1 control during acute infection by correlating host gene expression with viral RNA abundance within individual cells. Wide sequencing of cells from one participant with the highest plasma viral load revealed that intracellular viral RNA transcription correlates inversely with expression of the gene PTMA, which encodes prothymosin α. This association was genome-wide significant (Padjusted < 0.05) and was validated in 28 additional participants from Thailand and the Americas with HIV-1 CRF01_AE and subtype B infections, respectively. Overexpression of prothymosin α in vitro confirmed that this cellular factor inhibits HIV-1 transcription and infectious virus production. Our results identify prothymosin α as a host factor that restricts HIV-1 infection in vivo, which has implications for viral transmission and cure strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aviva Geretz
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine Inc., Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Philip K Ehrenberg
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | - Robert J Clifford
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine Inc., Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Alexandre Laliberté
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm 89081, Germany
| | | | - Daina Eiser
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine Inc., Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Gautam Kundu
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine Inc., Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Lauren K Yum
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine Inc., Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Richard Apps
- NIH Center for Human Immunology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Matthew Creegan
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine Inc., Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Mohamed Gunady
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine Inc., Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Shida Shangguan
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine Inc., Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Eric Sanders-Buell
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine Inc., Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Carlo Sacdalan
- SEARCH, Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Nittaya Phanuphak
- SEARCH, Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Sodsai Tovanabutra
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine Inc., Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Ronnie M Russell
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Frederic Bibollet-Ruche
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Merlin L Robb
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine Inc., Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Nelson L Michael
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | - Julie A Ake
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | - Sandhya Vasan
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine Inc., Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Denise C Hsu
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine Inc., Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Beatrice H Hahn
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Frank Kirchhoff
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm 89081, Germany
| | - Rasmi Thomas
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
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2
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Li SS, Hickey A, Shangguan S, Ehrenberg PK, Geretz A, Butler L, Kundu G, Apps R, Creegan M, Clifford RJ, Pinyakorn S, Eller LA, Luechai P, Gilbert PB, Holtz TH, Chitwarakorn A, Sacdalan C, Kroon E, Phanuphak N, de Souza M, Ananworanich J, O'Connell RJ, Robb ML, Michael NL, Vasan S, Thomas R. HLA-B∗46 associates with rapid HIV disease progression in Asian cohorts and prominent differences in NK cell phenotype. Cell Host Microbe 2022; 30:1173-1185.e8. [PMID: 35841889 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2022.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles have been linked to HIV disease progression and attributed to differences in cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) epitope representation. These findings are largely based on treatment-naive individuals of European and African ancestry. We assessed HLA associations with HIV-1 outcomes in 1,318 individuals from Thailand and found HLA-B∗46:01 (B∗46) associated with accelerated disease in three independent cohorts. B∗46 had no detectable effect on HIV-specific T cell responses, but this allele is unusual in containing an HLA-C epitope that binds inhibitory receptors on natural killer (NK) cells. Unbiased transcriptomic screens showed increased NK cell activation in people with HIV, without B∗46, and simultaneous single-cell profiling of surface proteins and transcriptomes revealed a NK cell subset primed for increased responses in the absence of B∗46. These findings support a role for NK cells in HIV pathogenesis, revealed by the unique properties of the B∗46 allele common only in Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuying S Li
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
| | - Andrew Hickey
- Division of HIV Prevention, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; Thailand Ministry of Public Health, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Collaboration, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand
| | - Shida Shangguan
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine Inc., Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Philip K Ehrenberg
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | - Aviva Geretz
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine Inc., Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Lauryn Butler
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine Inc., Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Gautam Kundu
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine Inc., Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Richard Apps
- Center for Human Immunology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Matthew Creegan
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine Inc., Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Robert J Clifford
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine Inc., Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Suteeraporn Pinyakorn
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine Inc., Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Leigh Anne Eller
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine Inc., Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Pikunchai Luechai
- Division of HIV Prevention, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; Thailand Ministry of Public Health, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Collaboration, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand
| | - Peter B Gilbert
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
| | - Timothy H Holtz
- Division of HIV Prevention, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; Thailand Ministry of Public Health, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Collaboration, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand; Office of AIDS Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Anupong Chitwarakorn
- Department of Disease Control, Thailand Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand
| | - Carlo Sacdalan
- Institute of HIV Research and Innovation, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Eugène Kroon
- Institute of HIV Research and Innovation, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | | | - Mark de Souza
- Institute of HIV Research and Innovation, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Jintanat Ananworanich
- Department of Global Health, Amsterdam Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 BP Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Merlin L Robb
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine Inc., Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Nelson L Michael
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | - Sandhya Vasan
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine Inc., Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Rasmi Thomas
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA.
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3
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Bhattacharyya K, Sen D, Laskar P, Saha T, Kundu G, Ghosh Chaudhuri A, Ganguly S. Pathophysiological effects of cadmium(II) on human health-a critical review. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2021; 34:249-261. [PMID: 34766742 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2021-0173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium(II) is an omnipresent environmental toxicant emitted from various industrial sources and by anthropogenic sources such as smoking. Cadmium(II) enters our body through various sources including contaminated food and drinks and from active or passive smoking. It spares no organs in our body and the calamities it invites include primarily nephrotoxicity, osteotoxicity, teratogenicity, endocrine disruption, hepatotoxicity and carcinogenicity above all. It brings about a bolt from the blue in the cellular biochemistry by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS), disrupting the factors involved in the repair of DNA lesions and many other toxic nuisances otherwise by modulating the cell signalling machinery and acting as a potent carcinogen above all. In this review, we have tried to decipher some of the mechanisms played by cadmium(II) in exhibiting its toxic effects on various system of our body.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Debrup Sen
- Department of Zoology, Vidyasagar College, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Payel Laskar
- Department of Physiology, Vidyasagar College, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Tania Saha
- Department of Genetics, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Gautam Kundu
- Principal, Vidyasagar College, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | | | - Subhadeep Ganguly
- Department of Physiology, Vidyasagar College, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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4
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Kundu G, Begum SA, Afroz H, Mamud T, Sultana Z, Faruq M. Relaparotomy Following Caesarean Section: A Cross Sectional Study. Mymensingh Med J 2021; 30:1023-1030. [PMID: 34605473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Delivery by caesarean section (CS) is the most common obstetric procedure in daily practice and rate is increasing worldwide. In spite of huge appeal for this operation, there is significant rate of short & long term complications. Relaparotomy after caesarean section in early post-operative period is one of the rarest short term complications but the fatality rate is very high. The objective of this study was to find out indications, managements, risk factors and outcomes of patients undergoing relaparotomy after CS. Finally to improve the quality of care for preventing this dreadful complication and to reduce the maternal mortality and morbidity. Purposive sampling was done, all consecutive patients who underwent relaparotomy within 6 weeks of CS in Rajshahi Medical College Hospital (RMCH) during study period from January 2015 to December 2015 has been included for this study. This was a cross-sectional and observational study in a tertiary referral and teaching hospital RMCH. During study period total admitted obstetric patients at RMCH were 12688. There were 9802 deliveries where 53.89% (n=5282) had vaginal delivery and 46.11% (n=4520) underwent caesarean sections. Among these 46.11% (n=4520) CS, relaparotomy was needed 0.18% (n=8) cases. Total relaparotomy was done in 0.39% (n=50) cases out of 12688 obstetric patients. Out of 50 cases 42 had caesarean delivery in other hospitals and clinics outside RMCH. The indications of relaparotomy were secondary post-partum hemorrhage (PPH) 28% (n=14), primary PPH 12% (n=6), haemoperitoneum 22% (n=11), pyoperitoneum 18% (n=9), subrectal hematoma 16% (n=8) and burst abdomen 4% (n=2). Main surgeries performed were subtotal hysterectomy in 44% (n=22) cases, total abdominal hysterectomy in 10% (n=5) cases, re-suturing of uterine incision 8% (n=4), drainage of pus & peritoneal toileting 8% (n=4), ligation of bleeding vessels 6% (n=3), drainage of subrectalhaematoma in 16% (n=8) cases, repair of intestinal injury 4% (n=2) and repair of anterior abdominal wall in 4% (n=2) cases. Case fatality of relaparotomy was high 18% (n=9), majority were preventable. Identification of risk factors, adequate attention, expert decision, prompt intervention & proper management will improve the outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Kundu
- Dr Gopa Kundu, Junior Consultant, Department of Obs & Gynae, Upazilla Health Complex, Keraniganj, Dhaka, Bangladesh; E-mail:
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5
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Shangguan S, Ehrenberg PK, Geretz A, Yum L, Kundu G, May K, Fourati S, Nganou-Makamdop K, Williams LD, Sawant S, Lewitus E, Pitisuttithum P, Nitayaphan S, Chariyalertsak S, Rerks-Ngarm S, Rolland M, Douek DC, Gilbert P, Tomaras GD, Michael NL, Vasan S, Thomas R. Monocyte-derived transcriptome signature indicates antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis as a potential mechanism of vaccine-induced protection against HIV-1. eLife 2021; 10:69577. [PMID: 34533134 PMCID: PMC8514236 DOI: 10.7554/elife.69577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A gene signature was previously found to be correlated with mosaic adenovirus 26 vaccine protection in simian immunodeficiency virus and simian-human immunodeficiency virus challenge models in non-human primates. In this report, we investigated the presence of this signature as a correlate of reduced risk in human clinical trials and potential mechanisms of protection. The absence of this gene signature in the DNA/rAd5 human vaccine trial, which did not show efficacy, strengthens our hypothesis that this signature is only enriched in studies that demonstrated protection. This gene signature was enriched in the partially effective RV144 human trial that administered the ALVAC/protein vaccine, and we find that the signature associates with both decreased risk of HIV-1 acquisition and increased vaccine efficacy (VE). Total RNA-seq in a clinical trial that used the same vaccine regimen as the RV144 HIV vaccine implicated antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) as a potential mechanism of vaccine protection. CITE-seq profiling of 53 surface markers and transcriptomes of 53,777 single cells from the same trial showed that genes in this signature were primarily expressed in cells belonging to the myeloid lineage, including monocytes, which are major effector cells for ADCP. The consistent association of this transcriptome signature with VE represents a tool both to identify potential mechanisms, as with ADCP here, and to screen novel approaches to accelerate the development of new vaccine candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shida Shangguan
- US Military HIV Research Program (MHRP), Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, United States.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, United States
| | - Philip K Ehrenberg
- US Military HIV Research Program (MHRP), Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, United States
| | - Aviva Geretz
- US Military HIV Research Program (MHRP), Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, United States.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, United States
| | - Lauren Yum
- US Military HIV Research Program (MHRP), Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, United States.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, United States
| | - Gautam Kundu
- US Military HIV Research Program (MHRP), Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, United States.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, United States
| | - Kelly May
- US Military HIV Research Program (MHRP), Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, United States.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, United States
| | - Slim Fourati
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, United States
| | | | - LaTonya D Williams
- Departments of Surgery, Immunology and Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, United States
| | - Sheetal Sawant
- Departments of Surgery, Immunology and Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, United States
| | - Eric Lewitus
- US Military HIV Research Program (MHRP), Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, United States.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, United States
| | - Punnee Pitisuttithum
- Vaccine Trial Centre, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Suwat Chariyalertsak
- Research Institute for Health Sciences and Faculty of Public Health, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | | | - Morgane Rolland
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, United States
| | | | - Peter Gilbert
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, United States
| | - Georgia D Tomaras
- Departments of Surgery, Immunology and Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, United States
| | - Nelson L Michael
- US Military HIV Research Program (MHRP), Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, United States
| | - Sandhya Vasan
- US Military HIV Research Program (MHRP), Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, United States.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, United States
| | - Rasmi Thomas
- US Military HIV Research Program (MHRP), Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, United States
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6
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Butti R, Nimma R, Kundu G, Bulbule A, Kumar TVS, Gunasekaran VP, Tomar D, Kumar D, Mane A, Gill SS, Patil T, Weber GF, Kundu GC. Tumor-derived osteopontin drives the resident fibroblast to myofibroblast differentiation through Twist1 to promote breast cancer progression. Oncogene 2021; 40:2002-2017. [PMID: 33603163 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01663-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tumor-stroma interactions are important determinants for the disease course in cancer. While stromal influence has been known to often play a tumor-promoting role, incomplete mechanistic insight into this phenomenon has prevented its therapeutic targeting. Stromal fibroblasts can be activated by tumor cells to differentiate into cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), that exhibit the traits of myofibroblasts, and in turn, they increase cancer aggressiveness. Here, we report the crosstalk between the cancer cells and stromal fibroblasts that leads to tumor progression. The process is initiated by secretion of a chemokine like protein, osteopontin (OPN) from the cancer cells that differentiates the fibroblasts to myofibroblasts. Tumor-derived OPN achieves this transition by engaging CD44 and αvβ3 integrins on the fibroblast surface, which mediates signaling via Akt and ERK to induce Twist1-dependent gene expression. The OPN-driven CAFs then secrete CXCL12, which in turn triggers epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) in the tumor cells. OPN, produced by the cancer cells, and CXCL12, secreted by activated fibroblasts, are necessary and sufficient to perpetuate the crosstalk. Knocking out OPN in carcinogen-induced mammary tumors or knocking down OPN in cancer cells and fibroblast co-implanted xenografts abrogates myofibroblast differentiation, Twist1, and CXCL12 expression. OPN expression is correlated with CAF-specific gene signature as shown by breast tumor tissue microarray consisting of 100 patient specimens. Bioinformatics analyses have confirmed that the expression of OPN is significantly correlated with the expression of myofibroblast-specific markers as demonstrated in human breast carcinoma dataset of 2509 patients. Our findings describe OPN and CXCL12 act as compelling targets to curb the tumor-promoting features of the stromal components and further suggested that OPN-regulated CXCL12 network might act as potential therapeutic target for the management of CAF-mediated breast cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Butti
- National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Deepti Tomar
- National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Dhiraj Kumar
- National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, Maharashtra, India.,The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | | | - Tushar Patil
- Yashwantrao Chavan Memorial Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | | | - Gopal C Kundu
- National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, Maharashtra, India. .,School of Biotechnology and Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences (KIMS), KIIT Deemed to be University, Institute of Eminence, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
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7
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Kim KM, Meng Q, Perez de Acha O, Mustapic M, Cheng A, Eren E, Kundu G, Piao Y, Munk R, Wood WH, De S, Noh JH, Delannoy M, Cheng L, Abdelmohsen K, Kapogiannis D, Gorospe M. Mitochondrial RNA in Alzheimer's Disease Circulating Extracellular Vesicles. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:581882. [PMID: 33304899 PMCID: PMC7701247 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.581882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia. Amyloid β (Aβ) plaques, tau-containing neurofibrillary tangles, and neuronal loss leading to brain atrophy are pathologic hallmarks of AD. Given the importance of early diagnosis, extensive efforts have been undertaken to identify diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for AD. Circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs) provide a platform for “liquid biopsy” biomarkers for AD. Here, we characterized the RNA contents of plasma EVs of age-matched individuals who were cognitively normal (healthy controls (HC)) or had mild cognitive impairment (MCI) due to AD or had mild AD dementia (AD). Using RNA sequencing analysis, we found that mitochondrial (mt)-RNAs, including MT-ND1-6 mRNAs and other protein-coding and non-coding mt-RNAs, were strikingly elevated in plasma EVs of MCI and AD individuals compared with HC. EVs secreted from cultured astrocytes, microglia, and neurons after exposure to toxic conditions relevant to AD pathogenesis (Aβ aggregates and H2O2), contained mitochondrial structures (detected by electron microscopy) and mitochondrial RNA and protein. We propose that in the AD brain, toxicity-causing mitochondrial damage results in the packaging of mitochondrial components for export in EVs and further propose that mt-RNAs in plasma EVs can be diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for MCI and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Mi Kim
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Department of Biological Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Qiong Meng
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Olivia Perez de Acha
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Maja Mustapic
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Aiwu Cheng
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Erden Eren
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Gautam Kundu
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Yulan Piao
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Rachel Munk
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - William H Wood
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Supriyo De
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Ji Heon Noh
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Michael Delannoy
- Department of Cell Biology and Imaging Facility, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Lesley Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VI, Australia
| | - Kotb Abdelmohsen
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Dimitrios Kapogiannis
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Myriam Gorospe
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Sultana Z, Begum SA, Begum M, Mahmud T, Khatoon F, Kundu G. Induction by Misoprostol In Case of Intra Uterine Fetal Death: A Cross Sectional Study. Mymensingh Med J 2020; 29:616-621. [PMID: 32844802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to find out the effectiveness and safety of vaginal misoprostol in delivering the dead fetus in cases of intrauterine fetal death (IUFD). This cross sectional study was undertaken among all consecutive patients admitted at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh, from October 2012 to September 2013, were included for this study. Vaginal misoprostol was applied in 50 cases that were admitted and diagnosed as a case of IUFD. After taking informed written consent from patients 50μgm of tablet misoprostol was introduced per vaginally into the posterior fornix. Doses were repeated in every 4 hours up to effective contraction to a maximum 6 doses. Follow up was done in hourly interval. Those who did not respond, decision for other methods like oxytocin infusion or LUCS were done. Study showed 60% (n=30) patients belonged to age group of 18-24 years. Among study population 44% (n=22) of the patients belonged to 22-32 weeks of gestation, 30% (n=15) were 33-37 weeks and 26% (n=13) were 38-42 weeks. The causes of intrauterine death were unidentified among 60% (n=30) of cases. Regarding antenatal check up 54% (n=27) had no checkup, 26% (n=13) were irregular and 20% (n=10) were regular. 60% (n=30) of the patients had less Bishop Score <3. Ninety six percent (96%) (n=48) patients responded with vaginal misoprostol and only 4% (n=2) were non responder group. Most 84% (n=42) of the cases needed 2-3 doses, only 8% (n=4) cases needed single dose and 8% (n=4) cases needed 4 to 6 doses. The induction delivery interval varied from 6 to 23 hours and maximum 52% (n=26) of the patients delivered within 12 hours. Adverse effects such as uterine hyper stimulation, tachysystole were not detected. The major complications observed like postpartum hemorrhage 4% (n=2), reduced platelet count 2% (n=1), and chorioamnionitis 4% (n=2). However minor complications like nausea, shivering and mild fever also observed in few cases. Study showed successful induction of labor by misoprostol in a shorter time with significantly less side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Sultana
- Dr Zakia Sultana, Medical Officer (Ex), Sir Salimullah Medical College and Mitford Hospital, Now Student of Subspecialty of Gynecologic Oncology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Myrum C, Kittleson J, De S, Fletcher BR, Castellano J, Kundu G, Becker KG, Rapp PR. Survey of the Arc Epigenetic Landscape in Normal Cognitive Aging. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:2727-2740. [PMID: 32333254 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-01915-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Aging is accompanied by aberrant gene expression that ultimately affects brain plasticity and the capacity to form long-term memories. Immediate-early genes (IEGs) play an active role in these processes. Using a rat model of normal cognitive aging, we found that the expression of Egr1 and c-Fos was associated with chronological age, whereas Arc was more tightly linked to cognitive outcomes in aging. More specifically, constitutive Arc expression was significantly elevated in aged rats with memory impairment compared to cognitively intact aged rats and young adult animals. Since alterations in the neuroepigenetic mechanisms that gate hippocampal gene expression are also associated with cognitive outcome in aging, we narrowed our focus on examining potential epigenetic mechanisms that may lead to aberrant Arc expression. Employing a multilevel analytical approach using bisulfite sequencing, chromatin immunoprecipitations, and micrococcal nuclease digestion, we identified CpG sites in the Arc promoter that were coupled to poor cognitive outcomes in aging, histone marks that were similarly coupled to spatial memory deficits, and nucleosome positioning that also varied depending on cognitive status. Together, these findings paint a diverse and complex picture of the Arc epigenetic landscape in cognitive aging and bolster a body of work, indicating that dysfunctional epigenetic regulation is associated with memory impairment in the aged brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig Myrum
- Neurocognitive Aging Section, Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health (NIH), 251 Bayview Blvd., Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Joshua Kittleson
- Neurocognitive Aging Section, Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health (NIH), 251 Bayview Blvd., Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Supriyo De
- Computational Biology Core, Laboratory of Genetics & Genomics (LGG), National Institute on Aging (NIA), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Bonnie R Fletcher
- Neurocognitive Aging Section, Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health (NIH), 251 Bayview Blvd., Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - James Castellano
- Neurocognitive Aging Section, Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health (NIH), 251 Bayview Blvd., Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Gautam Kundu
- Computational Biology Core, Laboratory of Genetics & Genomics (LGG), National Institute on Aging (NIA), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kevin G Becker
- Gene Expression and Genomics Unit, National Institute on Aging (NIA), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Peter R Rapp
- Neurocognitive Aging Section, Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health (NIH), 251 Bayview Blvd., Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
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Noh JH, Kim KM, Pandey PR, Noren Hooten N, Munk R, Kundu G, De S, Martindale JL, Yang X, Evans MK, Abdelmohsen K, Gorospe M. Loss of RNA-binding protein GRSF1 activates mTOR to elicit a proinflammatory transcriptional program. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 47:2472-2486. [PMID: 30753671 PMCID: PMC6412117 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The RNA-binding protein GRSF1 (G-rich RNA sequence-binding factor 1) critically maintains mitochondrial homeostasis. Accordingly, loss of GRSF1 impaired mitochondrial respiration and increased the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), triggering DNA damage, growth suppression, and a senescent phenotype characterized by elevated production and secretion of interleukin (IL)6. Here, we characterize the pathways that govern IL6 production in response to mitochondrial dysfunction in GRSF1-depleted cells. We report that loss of GRSF1 broadly altered protein expression programs, impairing the function of respiratory complexes I and IV. The rise in oxidative stress led to increased DNA damage and activation of mTOR, which in turn activated NF-κB to induce IL6 gene transcription and orchestrate a pro-inflammatory program. Collectively, our results indicate that GRSF1 helps preserve mitochondrial homeostasis, in turn preventing oxidative DNA damage and the activation of mTOR and NF-κB, and suppressing a transcriptional pro-inflammatory program leading to increased IL6 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Heon Noh
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, Chonnam 59626, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Mi Kim
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Poonam R Pandey
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nicole Noren Hooten
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Science, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rachel Munk
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Gautam Kundu
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Supriyo De
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jennifer L Martindale
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Xiaoling Yang
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michele K Evans
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Science, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kotb Abdelmohsen
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Myriam Gorospe
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Pandey PR, Munk R, Kundu G, De S, Abdelmohsen K, Gorospe M. Methods for analysis of circular RNAs. Wiley Interdiscip Rev RNA 2019; 11:e1566. [PMID: 31489773 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Eukaryotic cells express a myriad of circular RNAs (circRNAs), many of them displaying tissue-specific expression patterns. They arise from linear precursor RNAs in which 5' and 3' ends become covalently ligated. Given these features, biochemical and computational approaches traditionally used to study linear RNA must be adapted for analysis of circular RNAs. Such circRNA-specific methodologies are allowing the systematic identification of circRNAs and the analysis of their biological functions. Here, we review the resources and molecular methods currently utilized to quantify circRNAs, visualize their distribution, identify interacting partners, and elucidate their function. We discuss the challenges of analyzing circRNAs and propose alternative approaches for studying this unique class of transcripts. This article is characterized under: RNA Structure and Dynamics > RNA Structure, Dynamics, and Chemistry RNA Methods > RNA Analyses in vitro and In Silico RNA Methods > RNA Analyses in Cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam R Pandey
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Rachel Munk
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Gautam Kundu
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Supriyo De
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Kotb Abdelmohsen
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Myriam Gorospe
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamalendu Bhunia
- Chemical Engineering Department, Government College of Engineering and Leather Technology (Post Graduate), Calcutta, India
| | - Gautam Kundu
- Chemical Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India
| | - Dibyendu Mukherjee
- Chemical Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India
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Das M, Zahir S, Kundu G. Regenerative Endodontic Procedure: Clinical and Radiographic Evaluation of Two Cases. J Clin Diagn Res 2018. [DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2018/30378.11088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Jeeru LR, R. VSR, Pradhan S, Kundu G, Pradhan NC. Kinetics of solid acids catalysed nitration of toluene: Change in selectivity by triphase (liquid-liquid-solid) catalysis. ASIA-PAC J CHEM ENG 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/apj.2158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmana Rao Jeeru
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Indian Institute of Technology; Kharagpur India
| | - V. Saikumar Reddy R.
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Indian Institute of Technology; Kharagpur India
| | - Sayantan Pradhan
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Indian Institute of Technology; Kharagpur India
| | | | - Narayan C. Pradhan
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Indian Institute of Technology; Kharagpur India
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamalendu Bhunia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Government College of Engineering and Leather Technology, Calcutta, India
| | - Gautam Kundu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India
| | - Dibyendu Mukherjee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India
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Kumar D, Gorain M, Kundu G, Kundu GC. Therapeutic implications of cellular and molecular biology of cancer stem cells in melanoma. Mol Cancer 2017; 16:7. [PMID: 28137308 PMCID: PMC5282877 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-016-0578-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is a form of cancer that initiates in melanocytes. Melanoma has multiple phenotypically distinct subpopulation of cells, some of them have embryonic like plasticity which are involved in self-renewal, tumor initiation, metastasis and progression and provide reservoir of therapeutically resistant cells. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) can be identified and characterized based on various unique cell surface and intracellular markers. CSCs exhibit different molecular pattern with respect to non-CSCs. They maintain their stemness and chemoresistant features through specific signaling cascades. CSCs are weak in immunogenicity and act as immunosupressor in the host system. Melanoma treatment becomes difficult and survival is greatly reduced when the patient develop metastasis. Standard conventional oncology treatments such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgical resection are only responsible for shrinking the bulk of the tumor mass and tumor tends to relapse. Thus, targeting CSCs and their microenvironment niche addresses the alternative of traditional cancer therapy. Combined use of CSCs targeted and traditional therapies may kill the bulk tumor and CSCs and offer a promising therapeutic strategy for the management of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhiraj Kumar
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Angiogenesis and Nanomedicine Research, National Centre for Cell Science (NCCS), Pune, 411007, India
| | - Mahadeo Gorain
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Angiogenesis and Nanomedicine Research, National Centre for Cell Science (NCCS), Pune, 411007, India
| | - Gautam Kundu
- Deapartment of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Gopal C Kundu
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Angiogenesis and Nanomedicine Research, National Centre for Cell Science (NCCS), Pune, 411007, India.
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Meshram RB, Kundu G, Mukherjee D. Heat Transfer Studies in Ejector-induced Downflow Bubble Column. International Journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/ijcre-2015-0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Temperature control in bubble columns is of great importance, since chemical reactions in many of the chemical, pharmaceutical, fertilizer, etc. industries are usually accompanied by heat supply or heat removal operations. In the present research work, the heat transfer coefficient of a two-phase co-current vertical downflow bubble column (i.d. 0.05 m×1.6 m height) was evaluated. Experimental studies were carried out to calculate the heat transfer coefficient for operating temperature ranges from 60 °C to 90 °C. The effects of the superficial gas velocity (4.25×10–3 to 9.58×10–3 m/s), liquid velocity (8.50×10–2 to 16.98×10–2 m/s), gas holdup, and axial position were investigated. Empirical correlation was developed, based on a multiple regression analysis to calculate a heat transfer coefficient as a function of dimensionless numbers, including the Reynolds number, the Prandtl number, and the Froude number.
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Rao Jeeru L, Pradhan NC, Kundu G. Reduction of Chloronitrobenzenes by Aqueous Ammonium Sulphide: Triphase Catalysis by Anion Exchange Resin. Indian Chemical Engineer 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00194506.2015.1044028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Darekar M, Singh KK, Shenoy KT, Kundu G, Rao H, Ghosh SK. Numerical simulations to evaluate basic geometrical shapes as headers for equal liquid flow distribution. ASIA-PAC J CHEM ENG 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/apj.1814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mayur Darekar
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Indian Institute of Technology; Kharagpur India 721302
- Chemical Engineering Division; Bhabha Atomic Research Centre; Trombay Mumbai Maharashtra India 400085
| | - K. K. Singh
- Chemical Engineering Division; Bhabha Atomic Research Centre; Trombay Mumbai Maharashtra India 400085
| | - K. T. Shenoy
- Chemical Engineering Division; Bhabha Atomic Research Centre; Trombay Mumbai Maharashtra India 400085
| | - G. Kundu
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Indian Institute of Technology; Kharagpur India 721302
| | - H. Rao
- Chemical Engineering Division; Bhabha Atomic Research Centre; Trombay Mumbai Maharashtra India 400085
| | - S. K. Ghosh
- Chemical Engineering Division; Bhabha Atomic Research Centre; Trombay Mumbai Maharashtra India 400085
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Raja Pandiyan K. R, Chakraborty S, Kundu G, Neogi S. Curing kinetics of medium reactive unsaturated polyester resin used for liquid composite molding process. J Appl Polym Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/app.30720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Mandal A, Kundu G, Mukherjee D. Interfacial Area and Liquid-Side Volumetric Mass Transfer Coefficient in a Downflow Bubble Column. CAN J CHEM ENG 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.5450810206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Mandal A, Kundu G, Mukherjee D. A Comparative Study of Gas Holdup, Bubble Size Distribution and Interfacial Area in a Downflow Bubble Column. Chem Eng Res Des 2005. [DOI: 10.1205/cherd.04065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Mandal A, Kundu G, Mukherjee D. Energy Analysis and Air Entrainment in an Ejector Induced Downflow Bubble Column with Non-Newtonian Motive Fluid. Chem Eng Technol 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.200402100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Mandal A, Kundu G, Mukherjee D. Studies on frictional pressure drop of gas-non-Newtonian two-phase flow in a cocurrent downflow bubble column. Chem Eng Sci 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2004.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Mandal A, Kundu G, Mukherjee D. Gas-holdup distribution and energy dissipation in an ejector-induced downflow bubble column: the case of non-Newtonian liquid. Chem Eng Sci 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2004.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Meikap BC, Kundu G, Biswas MN. Mass Transfer Characteristics of a Counter Current Multi-Stage Bubble Column Scrubber. J Chem Eng Japan / JCEJ 2004. [DOI: 10.1252/jcej.37.1185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bhim Charan Meikap
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Deemed University (Formerly Regional Engineering College)
| | - Gautam Kundu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology
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Affiliation(s)
- B. C. Meikap
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Regional Engineering College, Rourkela 769 008, India
| | - G. Kundu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721 302, India
| | - M. N. Biswas
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721 302, India
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Zheng F, Kundu G, Zhang Z, Mukherjee AB, Ward J, DeMayo F. Identical glomerulopathy in two different mouse models of uteroglobin deficiency. Am J Kidney Dis 2000; 35:362-3. [PMID: 10676744 DOI: 10.1016/s0272-6386(00)70355-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Phang T, Kundu G, Hong S, Ji I, Ji TH. The amino-terminal region of the luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin receptor contacts both subunits of human choriogonadotropin. II. Photoaffinity labeling. J Biol Chem 1998; 273:13841-7. [PMID: 9593729 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.273.22.13841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin receptor, a seven-transmembrane receptor, is composed of two equal halves, the N-terminal extracellular exodomain and the C-terminal membrane-associated endodomain. Unlike most seven-transmembrane receptors, the exodomain alone is responsible for high affinity hormone binding, whereas signal is generated in the endodomain. These physical separations of hormone-binding and receptor activation sites are attributed to unique mechanisms for hormone binding and receptor activation of this receptor and its subfamily members. However, the precise hormone contact sites in the exodomain are unclear. In the preceding article (Hong, S., Phang, T., Ji, I., and Ji, T. H. (1998) J. Biol. Chem. 273, 13835-13840), a region immediately downstream of the N terminus of the exodomain was shown to be crucial for hormone binding. To test if the region interacts with the hormone, human choriogonadotropin (hCG) was photoaffinity-labeled with a peptide mimic corresponding to Gly18-Tyr36 of the receptor. This peptide mimic specifically photoaffinity-labeled both the alpha- and beta-subunits of hCG. Interestingly, hCGalpha was preferentially labeled. On the other hand, denatured hCG was not labeled, and a mutant analog of the peptide failed to label hCG. Furthermore, the affinity labeling was UV-dependent and saturable, indicating the specificity of the photoaffinity labeling. Our results indicate that the region of the exodomain interacts with hCG and that the contact points are near both subunits of hCG. Particularly, the alternate residues (Leu20, Cys22, and Gly24) are crucial for hCG binding. In addition, the results underscore the fact that there is a crucial hormone contact site outside of the popularly believed primary hormone-binding site that is composed of Leu-rich repeats and is located in the middle of the exodomain. Our observations are crucial for understanding the molecular mechanism through which the initial high affinity hormone binding leads to receptor activation in the endodomain.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Phang
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071-3944, USA
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Kundu G, Mukherjee D, Mitra AK. Gas Entrainment and Depth of Penetration in a Co-Current Gas-Liquid Downflow Bubble Column. J Chem Eng Japan / JCEJ 1994. [DOI: 10.1252/jcej.27.621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gautam Kundu
- Chemical Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology
| | | | - Arun K. Mitra
- Chemical Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology
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Sen S, Kundu G, Mekhail N, Castel J, Misono K, Healy B. Myotrophin: purification of a novel peptide from spontaneously hypertensive rat heart that influences myocardial growth. J Biol Chem 1990; 265:16635-43. [PMID: 2144530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms involved in the development or the regression of myocardial hypertrophy cannot be fully explained as responses to blood pressure control alone. We had hypothesized that the development of hypertrophy is initiated by a signal (mechanical or humoral) to the myocardium, which in turn produces a soluble factor that triggers protein synthesis and initiates myocardial growth. Using the stimulation of protein synthesis in isolated cardiac myocytes obtained from normal rat hearts as an assay system, we have identified a soluble factor from the hypertrophied myocardium of spontaneously hypertensive rats. This factor, which has been purified to apparent homogeneity, is a protein of 12 kDa. The sequence of three internally liberated peptides containing 7-24 residues was determined. Based on the determined amino acid sequences of these peptides, this factor (designated myotrophin) appears to be a novel protein that shows no homology with any previously described growth factors. Myotrophin is present in human, dog, and rat hypertrophied hearts (28-35% stimulation of protein synthesis over control) and in small amounts in normal hearts (5-6% stimulation). Myotrophin causes two dose-dependent effects in neonatal cardiac myocytes: an increase in the surface area of the myocyte and the appearance of organized myofibrils, which become apparent within 48 h. Myotrophin may play an important role in the pathogenesis of cardiac hypertrophy as well as in the normal development of cardiac myocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sen
- Department of Heart and Hypertension Research, Cleveland Clinic Foundation 44195-5071
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Chatterjee SK, Chaudhuri M, Sarangi BK, Kundu G, Sen B, Banerjee AR, Basu S, Sarkar N. Pygopagus twins. Indian Pediatr 1985; 22:601-6. [PMID: 3843564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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MacRae DJ, Bekhit SM, Kundu G. Experience with new types of electrodes in monitoring the condition of the fetus during labour. J Obstet Gynaecol Br Commonw 1969; 76:419-23. [PMID: 5769199 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.1969.tb05857.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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