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Shaw P, Hassell-Hart SJ, Douglas GE, Malcolm AG, Kennedy AR, White GV, Paterson LC, Kerr WJ. Oxygenated Cyclopentenones via the Pauson-Khand Reaction of Silyl Enol Ether Substrates. Org Lett 2022; 24:2750-2755. [PMID: 35377671 PMCID: PMC9016766 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c00856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
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We report here the
application of silyl enol ether moieties as
efficient alkene coupling partners within cobalt-mediated intramolecular
Pauson–Khand reactions. This cyclization strategy delivers
synthetically valuable oxygenated cyclopentenone products in yields
of ≤93% from both ketone- and aldehyde-derived silyl enol ethers,
incorporates both terminal and internal alkyne partners, and delivers
a variety of decorated systems, including more complex tricyclic structures.
Facile removal of the silyl protecting group reveals oxygenated sites
for potential further elaboration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Shaw
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, Scotland, U.K
| | - Storm J Hassell-Hart
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, Scotland, U.K.,Medicines Research Centre, GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, England, U.K
| | - Gayle E Douglas
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, Scotland, U.K
| | - Andrew G Malcolm
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, Scotland, U.K
| | - Alan R Kennedy
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, Scotland, U.K
| | - Gemma V White
- Medicines Research Centre, GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, England, U.K
| | - Laura C Paterson
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, Scotland, U.K
| | - William J Kerr
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, Scotland, U.K
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Fournier JCL, Evans JP, Zappacosta F, Thomas DA, Patel VK, White GV, Campos S, Tomkinson NCO. Acetylation of the Catalytic Lysine Inhibits Kinase Activity in PI3Kδ. ACS Chem Biol 2021; 16:1644-1653. [PMID: 34397208 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.1c00225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Covalent inhibition is a powerful strategy to develop potent and selective small molecule kinase inhibitors. Targeting the conserved catalytic lysine is an attractive method for selective kinase inactivation. We have developed novel, selective inhibitors of phosphoinositide 3-kinase δ (PI3Kδ) which acylate the catalytic lysine, Lys779, using activated esters as the reactive electrophiles. The acylating agents were prepared by adding the activated ester motif to a known selective dihydroisobenzofuran PI3Kδ inhibitor. Three esters were designed, including an acetate ester which was the smallest lysine modification evaluated in this work. Covalent binding to the enzyme was characterized by intact protein mass spectrometry of the PI3Kδ-ester adducts. An enzymatic digest coupled with tandem mass spectrometry identified Lys779 as the covalent binding site, and a biochemical activity assay confirmed that PI3Kδ inhibition was a direct result of covalent lysine acylation. These results indicate that a simple chemical modification such as lysine acetylation is sufficient to inhibit kinase activity. The selectivity of the compounds was evaluated against lipid kinases in cell lysates using a chemoproteomic binding assay. Due to the conserved nature of the catalytic lysine across the kinome, we believe the covalent inhibition strategy presented here could be applicable to a broad range of clinically relevant targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie C. L. Fournier
- GSK Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, WestCHEM, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, United Kingdom
| | - John P. Evans
- Arctoris, 120E Olympic Avenue, Milton Park, Oxford, OX14 4SA, United Kingdom
| | | | - Daniel A. Thomas
- Arctoris, 120E Olympic Avenue, Milton Park, Oxford, OX14 4SA, United Kingdom
| | - Vipulkumar K. Patel
- GSK Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Gemma V. White
- GSK Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Sebastien Campos
- Pharmaron, West Hill Innovation Park, Hertford Road, Hoddesdon, Hertfordshire EN11 9FH, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas C. O. Tomkinson
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, WestCHEM, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, United Kingdom
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Walker AL, Bingham RP, Edgar EV, Ferrie A, Holmes DS, Liddle J, Polyakova O, Rella M, Smith KJ, Thorpe JH, Wang Y, White GV, Young RJ, Hovnanian A. Structure guided drug design to develop kallikrein 5 inhibitors to treat Netherton syndrome. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:1454-1458. [PMID: 31005442 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The connection between Netherton syndrome and overactivation of epidermal/dermal proteases particularly KLK5 has been well established. To treat sufferers of this severe condition we wished to develop a topical KLK5 inhibitor in order to normalise epidermal shedding and reduce the associated inflammation and itching. In this paper we describe structure-based optimisation of a series of brightly coloured weak KLK5 inhibitors into colourless, non-irritant molecules with good KLK5 activity and selectivity over a range of serine proteases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann L Walker
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, UK.
| | - Ryan P Bingham
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Emma V Edgar
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Alan Ferrie
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Duncan S Holmes
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, UK
| | - John Liddle
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Oxana Polyakova
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Monika Rella
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Kathrine J Smith
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, UK
| | - James H Thorpe
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Yichen Wang
- INSERM UMR1163 Laboratory of Genetic Skin Diseases, Imagine Institute and Université Paris Descarte - Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Gemma V White
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Robert J Young
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Alain Hovnanian
- INSERM UMR1163 Laboratory of Genetic Skin Diseases, Imagine Institute and Université Paris Descarte - Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
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Thorpe JH, Edgar EV, Smith KJ, Lewell XQ, Rella M, White GV, Polyakova O, Nassau P, Walker AL, Holmes DS, Pearce AC, Wang Y, Liddle J, Hovnanian A. Evaluation of a crystallographic surrogate for kallikrein 5 in the discovery of novel inhibitors for Netherton syndrome. Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun 2019; 75:385-391. [PMID: 31045568 PMCID: PMC6497096 DOI: 10.1107/s2053230x19003169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The inhibition of kallikrein 5 (KLK5) has been identified as a potential strategy for treatment of the genetic skin disorder Netherton syndrome, in which loss-of-function mutations in the SPINK5 gene lead to down-regulation of the endogenous inhibitor LEKTI-1 and profound skin-barrier defects with severe allergic manifestations. To aid in the development of a medicine for this target, an X-ray crystallographic system was developed to facilitate fragment-guided chemistry and knowledge-based drug-discovery approaches. Here, the development of a surrogate crystallographic system in place of KLK5, which proved to be challenging to crystallize, is described. The biochemical robustness of the crystallographic surrogate and the suitability of the system for the study of small nonpeptidic fragments and lead-like molecules are demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- James H. Thorpe
- GlaxoSmithKline, Medicinal Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG1 2NY, England
| | - Emma V. Edgar
- GlaxoSmithKline, Medicinal Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG1 2NY, England
| | - Kathrine J. Smith
- GlaxoSmithKline, Medicinal Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG1 2NY, England
| | - Xiao Q. Lewell
- GlaxoSmithKline, Medicinal Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG1 2NY, England
| | - Monika Rella
- GlaxoSmithKline, Medicinal Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG1 2NY, England
| | - Gemma V. White
- GlaxoSmithKline, Medicinal Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG1 2NY, England
| | - Oxana Polyakova
- GlaxoSmithKline, Medicinal Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG1 2NY, England
| | - Pamela Nassau
- GlaxoSmithKline, Medicinal Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG1 2NY, England
| | - Ann L. Walker
- GlaxoSmithKline, Medicinal Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG1 2NY, England
| | - Duncan S. Holmes
- GlaxoSmithKline, Medicinal Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG1 2NY, England
| | - Andrew C. Pearce
- GlaxoSmithKline, Medicinal Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG1 2NY, England
| | - Yichen Wang
- INSERM UMR1163 Laboratory of Genetic Skin Diseases, Imagine Institute and Université Paris Descartes–Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - John Liddle
- GlaxoSmithKline, Medicinal Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG1 2NY, England
| | - Alain Hovnanian
- INSERM UMR1163 Laboratory of Genetic Skin Diseases, Imagine Institute and Université Paris Descartes–Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
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Harris PA, Faucher N, George N, Eidam PM, King BW, White GV, Anderson NA, Bandyopadhyay D, Beal AM, Beneton V, Berger SB, Campobasso N, Campos S, Capriotti CA, Cox JA, Daugan A, Donche F, Fouchet MH, Finger JN, Geddes B, Gough PJ, Grondin P, Hoffman BL, Hoffman SJ, Hutchinson SE, Jeong JU, Jigorel E, Lamoureux P, Leister LK, Lich JD, Mahajan MK, Meslamani J, Mosley JE, Nagilla R, Nassau PM, Ng SL, Ouellette MT, Pasikanti KK, Potvain F, Reilly MA, Rivera EJ, Sautet S, Schaeffer MC, Sehon CA, Sun H, Thorpe JH, Totoritis RD, Ward P, Wellaway N, Wisnoski DD, Woolven JM, Bertin J, Marquis RW. Discovery and Lead-Optimization of 4,5-Dihydropyrazoles as Mono-Kinase Selective, Orally Bioavailable and Efficacious Inhibitors of Receptor Interacting Protein 1 (RIP1) Kinase. J Med Chem 2019; 62:5096-5110. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicolas Faucher
- Flexible Discovery Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, 25-27 avenue du Québec, 91951 Les Ulis Cedex, France
| | - Nicolas George
- Flexible Discovery Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, 25-27 avenue du Québec, 91951 Les Ulis Cedex, France
| | | | | | - Gemma V. White
- Flexible Discovery Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Niall A. Anderson
- Flexible Discovery Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | | | | | - Veronique Beneton
- Flexible Discovery Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, 25-27 avenue du Québec, 91951 Les Ulis Cedex, France
| | | | | | - Sebastien Campos
- Flexible Discovery Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | | | | | - Alain Daugan
- Flexible Discovery Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, 25-27 avenue du Québec, 91951 Les Ulis Cedex, France
| | - Frederic Donche
- Flexible Discovery Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, 25-27 avenue du Québec, 91951 Les Ulis Cedex, France
| | - Marie-Hélène Fouchet
- Flexible Discovery Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, 25-27 avenue du Québec, 91951 Les Ulis Cedex, France
| | | | | | | | - Pascal Grondin
- Flexible Discovery Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, 25-27 avenue du Québec, 91951 Les Ulis Cedex, France
| | | | | | - Susan E. Hutchinson
- Flexible Discovery Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | | | - Emilie Jigorel
- Flexible Discovery Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, 25-27 avenue du Québec, 91951 Les Ulis Cedex, France
| | - Pauline Lamoureux
- Flexible Discovery Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, 25-27 avenue du Québec, 91951 Les Ulis Cedex, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Julie E. Mosley
- Flexible Discovery Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | | | - Pamela M. Nassau
- Flexible Discovery Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | | | | | | | - Florent Potvain
- Flexible Discovery Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, 25-27 avenue du Québec, 91951 Les Ulis Cedex, France
| | | | | | - Stéphane Sautet
- Flexible Discovery Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, 25-27 avenue du Québec, 91951 Les Ulis Cedex, France
| | | | | | | | - James H. Thorpe
- Flexible Discovery Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | | | | | - Natalie Wellaway
- Flexible Discovery Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | | | - James M. Woolven
- Flexible Discovery Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
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6
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White GV, Edgar EV, Holmes DS, Lewell XQ, Liddle J, Polyakova O, Smith KJ, Thorpe JH, Walker AL, Wang Y, Young RJ, Hovnanian A. Kallikrein 5 inhibitors identified through structure based drug design in search for a treatment for Netherton Syndrome. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:821-825. [PMID: 30691925 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Netherton syndrome (NS) is a rare and debilitating severe autosomal recessive genetic skin disease with high mortality rates particularly in neonates. NS is caused by loss-of-function SPINK5 mutations leading to unregulated kallikrein 5 (KLK5) and kallikrein 7 (KLK7) activity. Furthermore, KLK5 inhibition has been proposed as a potential therapeutic treatment for NS. Identification of potent and selective KLK5 inhibitors would enable further exploration of the disease biology and could ultimately lead to a treatment for NS. This publication describes how fragmentation of known trypsin-like serine protease (TLSP) inhibitors resulted in the identification of a series of phenolic amidine-based KLK5 inhibitors 1. X-ray crystallography was used to find alternatives to the phenol interaction leading to identification of carbonyl analogues such as lactam 13 and benzimidazole 15. These reversible inhibitors, with selectivity over KLK1 (10-100 fold), provided novel starting points for the guided growth towards suitable tool molecules for the exploration of KLK5 biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma V White
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, UK.
| | - Emma V Edgar
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Duncan S Holmes
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Xiao Qing Lewell
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, UK
| | - John Liddle
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Oxana Polyakova
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Kathrine J Smith
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, UK
| | - James H Thorpe
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Ann L Walker
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Yichen Wang
- INSERM UMR1163 Laboratory of Genetic Skin Diseases, Imagine Institute and Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Robert J Young
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Alain Hovnanian
- INSERM UMR1163 Laboratory of Genetic Skin Diseases, Imagine Institute and Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
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7
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Li X, Zhang YK, Liu Y, Ding CZ, Li Q, Zhou Y, Plattner JJ, Baker SJ, Qian X, Fan D, Liao L, Ni ZJ, White GV, Mordaunt JE, Lazarides LX, Slater MJ, Jarvest RL, Thommes P, Ellis M, Edge CM, Hubbard JA, Somers D, Rowland P, Nassau P, McDowell B, Skarzynski TJ, Kazmierski WM, Grimes RM, Wright LL, Smith GK, Zou W, Wright J, Pennicott LE. Synthesis and evaluation of novel α-amino cyclic boronates as inhibitors of HCV NS3 protease. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:3550-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.04.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2010] [Revised: 04/26/2010] [Accepted: 04/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Procopiou PA, Ancliff RA, Bamford MJ, Browning C, Connor H, Davies S, Fogden YC, Hodgson ST, Holmes DS, Looker BE, Morriss KML, Parr CA, Pickup EA, Sehmi SS, White GV, Watts CJ, Wilson DM, Woodrow MD. 4-Acyl-1-(4-aminoalkoxyphenyl)-2-ketopiperazines as a Novel Class of Non-Brain-Penetrant Histamine H3 Receptor Antagonists. J Med Chem 2007; 50:6706-17. [DOI: 10.1021/jm0708228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Panayiotis A. Procopiou
- Departments of Chemistry, Pharmacology, Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, U.K., and GlaxoSmithKline New Frontiers Science Park South, Third Avenue, Harlow, Essex, CM19 5AW, U.K
| | - Rachael A. Ancliff
- Departments of Chemistry, Pharmacology, Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, U.K., and GlaxoSmithKline New Frontiers Science Park South, Third Avenue, Harlow, Essex, CM19 5AW, U.K
| | - Mark J. Bamford
- Departments of Chemistry, Pharmacology, Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, U.K., and GlaxoSmithKline New Frontiers Science Park South, Third Avenue, Harlow, Essex, CM19 5AW, U.K
| | - Christopher Browning
- Departments of Chemistry, Pharmacology, Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, U.K., and GlaxoSmithKline New Frontiers Science Park South, Third Avenue, Harlow, Essex, CM19 5AW, U.K
| | - Helen Connor
- Departments of Chemistry, Pharmacology, Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, U.K., and GlaxoSmithKline New Frontiers Science Park South, Third Avenue, Harlow, Essex, CM19 5AW, U.K
| | - Susannah Davies
- Departments of Chemistry, Pharmacology, Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, U.K., and GlaxoSmithKline New Frontiers Science Park South, Third Avenue, Harlow, Essex, CM19 5AW, U.K
| | - Yvonne C. Fogden
- Departments of Chemistry, Pharmacology, Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, U.K., and GlaxoSmithKline New Frontiers Science Park South, Third Avenue, Harlow, Essex, CM19 5AW, U.K
| | - Simon T. Hodgson
- Departments of Chemistry, Pharmacology, Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, U.K., and GlaxoSmithKline New Frontiers Science Park South, Third Avenue, Harlow, Essex, CM19 5AW, U.K
| | - Duncan S. Holmes
- Departments of Chemistry, Pharmacology, Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, U.K., and GlaxoSmithKline New Frontiers Science Park South, Third Avenue, Harlow, Essex, CM19 5AW, U.K
| | - Brian E. Looker
- Departments of Chemistry, Pharmacology, Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, U.K., and GlaxoSmithKline New Frontiers Science Park South, Third Avenue, Harlow, Essex, CM19 5AW, U.K
| | - Karen M. L. Morriss
- Departments of Chemistry, Pharmacology, Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, U.K., and GlaxoSmithKline New Frontiers Science Park South, Third Avenue, Harlow, Essex, CM19 5AW, U.K
| | - Christopher A. Parr
- Departments of Chemistry, Pharmacology, Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, U.K., and GlaxoSmithKline New Frontiers Science Park South, Third Avenue, Harlow, Essex, CM19 5AW, U.K
| | - Elizabeth A. Pickup
- Departments of Chemistry, Pharmacology, Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, U.K., and GlaxoSmithKline New Frontiers Science Park South, Third Avenue, Harlow, Essex, CM19 5AW, U.K
| | - Sanjeet S. Sehmi
- Departments of Chemistry, Pharmacology, Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, U.K., and GlaxoSmithKline New Frontiers Science Park South, Third Avenue, Harlow, Essex, CM19 5AW, U.K
| | - Gemma V. White
- Departments of Chemistry, Pharmacology, Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, U.K., and GlaxoSmithKline New Frontiers Science Park South, Third Avenue, Harlow, Essex, CM19 5AW, U.K
| | - Clarissa J. Watts
- Departments of Chemistry, Pharmacology, Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, U.K., and GlaxoSmithKline New Frontiers Science Park South, Third Avenue, Harlow, Essex, CM19 5AW, U.K
| | - David M. Wilson
- Departments of Chemistry, Pharmacology, Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, U.K., and GlaxoSmithKline New Frontiers Science Park South, Third Avenue, Harlow, Essex, CM19 5AW, U.K
| | - Michael D. Woodrow
- Departments of Chemistry, Pharmacology, Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, U.K., and GlaxoSmithKline New Frontiers Science Park South, Third Avenue, Harlow, Essex, CM19 5AW, U.K
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