1
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Ramanjulu JM, Williams SP, Lakdawala AS, DeMartino MP, Lan Y, Marquis RW. Overcoming the Pregnane X Receptor Liability: Rational Design to Eliminate PXR-Mediated CYP Induction. ACS Med Chem Lett 2021; 12:1396-1404. [PMID: 34531948 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.1c00187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The pregnane X receptor (PXR) regulates expression of proteins responsible for all three phases required for the detoxification mechanism, which include CYP450 enzymes, phase II enzymes, and multidrug efflux pumps. Therefore, PXR is a prominent receptor that is responsible for xenobiotic excretion and drug-drug interactions. Pyrimidinone 1 is an antagonist of the calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) and a strong activator of PXR. Repeat oral administration revealed diminished exposures over time, which prohibited further progression. A medicinal chemistry campaign was initiated to understand and abolish activation of PXR in order to increase systemic exposures. Rational structure-activity relationship investigations utilizing cocrystal structures and a de novo pharmacophore model resulted in compounds devoid of PXR activation. These studies culminated in the first orally active CaSR antagonist 8 suitable for progression. Cocrystallography, the pharmacophore model employed, and additional observations reported herein supported rational elimination of PXR activation and have applicability across diverse chemical classes to help erase PXR-driven drug-drug interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshi M. Ramanjulu
- GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Shawn P. Williams
- GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Ami S. Lakdawala
- GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Michael P. DeMartino
- GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Yunfeng Lan
- GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Robert W. Marquis
- GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
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2
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Mahajan MK, Rivera EJ, Sun HH, Nagilla R, DeMartino MP, Haile PA, Casillas LN, Marquis RW, Votta BJ, Bertin J, Reilly MA. Understanding Pharmacokinetic Disconnect in Preclinical Species for 4-Aminoquinolines: Consequences of Low Permeability and High P-glycoprotein Efflux Ratio on Rat and Dog Oral Pharmacokinetics. J Pharm Sci 2020; 109:3160-3171. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2020.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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3
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Haile PA, Casillas LN, Bury MJ, Mehlmann JF, Singhaus R, Charnley AK, Hughes TV, DeMartino MP, Wang GZ, Romano JJ, Dong X, Plotnikov NV, Lakdawala AS, Duraiswami C, Convery MA, Votta BJ, Lipshutz DB, Desai BM, Swift B, Capriotti CA, Berger SB, Mahajan MK, Reilly MA, Rivera EJ, Sun HH, Nagilla R, LePage C, Ouellette MT, Totoritis RD, Donovan BT, Brown BS, Chaudhary KW, Gough PJ, Bertin J, Marquis RW. Correction to Identification of Quinoline-Based RIP2 Kinase Inhibitors with an Improved Therapeutic Index to the hERG Ion Channel. ACS Med Chem Lett 2020; 11:1353. [PMID: 32551024 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.0c00260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.8b00344.].
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4
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Haffner CD, Charnley AK, Aquino CJ, Casillas L, Convery MA, Cox JA, Elban MA, Goodwin NC, Gough PJ, Haile PA, Hughes TV, Knapp-Reed B, Kreatsoulas C, Lakdawala AS, Li H, Lian Y, Lipshutz D, Mehlmann JF, Ouellette M, Romano J, Shewchuk L, Shu A, Votta BJ, Zhou H, Bertin J, Marquis RW. Discovery of Pyrazolocarboxamides as Potent and Selective Receptor Interacting Protein 2 (RIP2) Kinase Inhibitors. ACS Med Chem Lett 2019; 10:1518-1523. [PMID: 31749904 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.9b00141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein we report the discovery of pyrazolocarboxamides as novel, potent, and kinase selective inhibitors of receptor interacting protein 2 kinase (RIP2). Fragment based screening and design principles led to the identification of the inhibitor series, and X-ray crystallography was used to inform key structural changes. Through key substitutions about the N1 and C5 N positions on the pyrazole ring significant kinase selectivity and potency were achieved. Bridged bicyclic pyrazolocarboxamide 11 represents a selective and potent inhibitor of RIP2 and will allow for a more detailed investigation of RIP2 inhibition as a therapeutic target for autoinflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Curt D. Haffner
- GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Adam K. Charnley
- GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | | | - Linda Casillas
- GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Máire A. Convery
- GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Julie A. Cox
- GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Mark A. Elban
- GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Nicole C. Goodwin
- GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Peter J. Gough
- GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Pamela A. Haile
- GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | | | - Beth Knapp-Reed
- GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Constantine Kreatsoulas
- GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Ami S. Lakdawala
- GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Huijie Li
- GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Yiqian Lian
- GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - David Lipshutz
- GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - John F. Mehlmann
- GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Michael Ouellette
- GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Joseph Romano
- GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Lisa Shewchuk
- GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Arthur Shu
- GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Bartholomew J. Votta
- GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Huiqiang Zhou
- GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - John Bertin
- GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Robert W. Marquis
- GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
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5
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Haile PA, Casillas LN, Votta BJ, Wang GZ, Charnley AK, Dong X, Bury MJ, Romano JJ, Mehlmann JF, King BW, Erhard KF, Hanning CR, Lipshutz DB, Desai BM, Capriotti CA, Schaeffer MC, Berger SB, Mahajan MK, Reilly MA, Nagilla R, Rivera EJ, Sun HH, Kenna JK, Beal AM, Ouellette MT, Kelly M, Stemp G, Convery MA, Vossenkämper A, MacDonald TT, Gough PJ, Bertin J, Marquis RW. Discovery of a First-in-Class Receptor Interacting Protein 2 (RIP2) Kinase Specific Clinical Candidate, 2-((4-(Benzo[ d]thiazol-5-ylamino)-6-( tert-butylsulfonyl)quinazolin-7-yl)oxy)ethyl Dihydrogen Phosphate, for the Treatment of Inflammatory Diseases. J Med Chem 2019; 62:6482-6494. [PMID: 31265286 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
RIP2 kinase has been identified as a key signal transduction partner in the NOD2 pathway contributing to a variety of human pathologies, including immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. Small-molecule inhibitors of RIP2 kinase or its signaling partners on the NOD2 pathway that are suitable for advancement into the clinic have yet to be described. Herein, we report our discovery and profile of the prodrug clinical compound, inhibitor 3, currently in phase 1 clinical studies. Compound 3 potently binds to RIP2 kinase with good kinase specificity and has excellent activity in blocking many proinflammatory cytokine responses in vivo and in human IBD explant samples. The highly favorable physicochemical and ADMET properties of 3 combined with high potency led to a predicted low oral dose in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela A Haile
- GlaxoSmithKline , Collegeville Road , Collegeville , Pennsylvania 19426 , United States
| | - Linda N Casillas
- GlaxoSmithKline , Collegeville Road , Collegeville , Pennsylvania 19426 , United States
| | - Bartholomew J Votta
- GlaxoSmithKline , Collegeville Road , Collegeville , Pennsylvania 19426 , United States
| | - Gren Z Wang
- GlaxoSmithKline , Collegeville Road , Collegeville , Pennsylvania 19426 , United States
| | - Adam K Charnley
- GlaxoSmithKline , Collegeville Road , Collegeville , Pennsylvania 19426 , United States
| | - Xiaoyang Dong
- GlaxoSmithKline , Collegeville Road , Collegeville , Pennsylvania 19426 , United States
| | - Michael J Bury
- GlaxoSmithKline , Collegeville Road , Collegeville , Pennsylvania 19426 , United States
| | - Joseph J Romano
- GlaxoSmithKline , Collegeville Road , Collegeville , Pennsylvania 19426 , United States
| | - John F Mehlmann
- GlaxoSmithKline , Collegeville Road , Collegeville , Pennsylvania 19426 , United States
| | - Bryan W King
- GlaxoSmithKline , Collegeville Road , Collegeville , Pennsylvania 19426 , United States
| | - Karl F Erhard
- GlaxoSmithKline , Collegeville Road , Collegeville , Pennsylvania 19426 , United States
| | - Charles R Hanning
- GlaxoSmithKline , Collegeville Road , Collegeville , Pennsylvania 19426 , United States
| | - David B Lipshutz
- GlaxoSmithKline , Collegeville Road , Collegeville , Pennsylvania 19426 , United States
| | - Biva M Desai
- GlaxoSmithKline , Collegeville Road , Collegeville , Pennsylvania 19426 , United States
| | - Carol A Capriotti
- GlaxoSmithKline , Collegeville Road , Collegeville , Pennsylvania 19426 , United States
| | - Michelle C Schaeffer
- GlaxoSmithKline , Collegeville Road , Collegeville , Pennsylvania 19426 , United States
| | - Scott B Berger
- GlaxoSmithKline , Collegeville Road , Collegeville , Pennsylvania 19426 , United States
| | - Mukesh K Mahajan
- GlaxoSmithKline , Collegeville Road , Collegeville , Pennsylvania 19426 , United States
| | - Michael A Reilly
- GlaxoSmithKline , Collegeville Road , Collegeville , Pennsylvania 19426 , United States
| | - Rakesh Nagilla
- GlaxoSmithKline , Collegeville Road , Collegeville , Pennsylvania 19426 , United States
| | - Elizabeth J Rivera
- GlaxoSmithKline , Collegeville Road , Collegeville , Pennsylvania 19426 , United States
| | - Helen H Sun
- GlaxoSmithKline , Collegeville Road , Collegeville , Pennsylvania 19426 , United States
| | - John K Kenna
- GlaxoSmithKline , Collegeville Road , Collegeville , Pennsylvania 19426 , United States
| | - Allison M Beal
- GlaxoSmithKline , Collegeville Road , Collegeville , Pennsylvania 19426 , United States
| | - Michael T Ouellette
- GlaxoSmithKline , Collegeville Road , Collegeville , Pennsylvania 19426 , United States
| | - Mike Kelly
- GlaxoSmithKline , Gunnels Wood Road , Stevenage , Hertfordshire SG1 2NY , U.K
| | - Gillian Stemp
- GlaxoSmithKline , Gunnels Wood Road , Stevenage , Hertfordshire SG1 2NY , U.K
| | - Máire A Convery
- GlaxoSmithKline , Gunnels Wood Road , Stevenage , Hertfordshire SG1 2NY , U.K
| | - Anna Vossenkämper
- Centre for Immunobiology, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry , Queen Mary University of London , London E1 2AD , U.K
| | - Thomas T MacDonald
- Centre for Immunobiology, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry , Queen Mary University of London , London E1 2AD , U.K
| | - Peter J Gough
- GlaxoSmithKline , Collegeville Road , Collegeville , Pennsylvania 19426 , United States
| | - John Bertin
- GlaxoSmithKline , Collegeville Road , Collegeville , Pennsylvania 19426 , United States
| | - Robert W Marquis
- GlaxoSmithKline , Collegeville Road , Collegeville , Pennsylvania 19426 , United States
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6
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Harris PA, Marinis JM, Lich JD, Berger SB, Chirala A, Cox JA, Eidam PM, Finger JN, Gough PJ, Jeong JU, Kang J, Kasparcova V, Leister LK, Mahajan MK, Miller G, Nagilla R, Ouellette MT, Reilly MA, Rendina AR, Rivera EJ, Sun HH, Thorpe JH, Totoritis RD, Wang W, Wu D, Zhang D, Bertin J, Marquis RW. Identification of a RIP1 Kinase Inhibitor Clinical Candidate (GSK3145095) for the Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer. ACS Med Chem Lett 2019; 10:857-862. [PMID: 31223438 PMCID: PMC6580371 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.9b00108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
![]()
RIP1
regulates cell death and inflammation and is believed to play an important
role in contributing to a variety of human pathologies, including
immune-mediated inflammatory diseases and cancer. While small-molecule
inhibitors of RIP1 kinase have been advanced to the clinic for inflammatory
diseases and CNS indications, RIP1 inhibitors for oncology indications
have yet to be described. Herein we report on the discovery and profile
of GSK3145095 (compound 6). Compound 6 potently
binds to RIP1 with exquisite kinase specificity and has excellent
activity in blocking RIP1 kinase-dependent cellular responses. Highlighting
its potential as a novel cancer therapy, the inhibitor was also able
to promote a tumor suppressive T cell phenotype in pancreatic adenocarcinoma
organ cultures. Compound 6 is currently in phase 1 clinical
studies for pancreatic adenocarcinoma and other selected solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - James H. Thorpe
- Medicinal Science & Technology, GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
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7
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Ramanjulu JM, Pesiridis GS, Yang J, Concha N, Singhaus R, Zhang SY, Tran JL, Moore P, Lehmann S, Eberl HC, Muelbaier M, Schneck JL, Clemens J, Adam M, Mehlmann J, Romano J, Morales A, Kang J, Leister L, Graybill TL, Charnley AK, Ye G, Nevins N, Behnia K, Wolf AI, Kasparcova V, Nurse K, Wang L, Puhl AC, Li Y, Klein M, Hopson CB, Guss J, Bantscheff M, Bergamini G, Reilly MA, Lian Y, Duffy KJ, Adams J, Foley KP, Gough PJ, Marquis RW, Smothers J, Hoos A, Bertin J. Author Correction: Design of amidobenzimidazole STING receptor agonists with systemic activity. Nature 2019; 570:E53. [PMID: 31142845 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1265-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Change history: In this Letter, author Ana Puhl was inadvertently omitted; this error has been corrected online.An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshi M Ramanjulu
- Pattern Recognition Receptor DPU, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA.
| | - G Scott Pesiridis
- Pattern Recognition Receptor DPU, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Jingsong Yang
- Immuno-Oncology & Combinations DPU, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Nestor Concha
- Platform Technology & Science, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Robert Singhaus
- Pattern Recognition Receptor DPU, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Shu-Yun Zhang
- Immuno-Oncology & Combinations DPU, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Jean-Luc Tran
- Pattern Recognition Receptor DPU, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Patrick Moore
- Pattern Recognition Receptor DPU, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jessica L Schneck
- Platform Technology & Science, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Jim Clemens
- Platform Technology & Science, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Michael Adam
- Immuno-Oncology & Combinations DPU, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - John Mehlmann
- Pattern Recognition Receptor DPU, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Joseph Romano
- Pattern Recognition Receptor DPU, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Angel Morales
- Pattern Recognition Receptor DPU, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - James Kang
- Pattern Recognition Receptor DPU, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Lara Leister
- Pattern Recognition Receptor DPU, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Todd L Graybill
- Pattern Recognition Receptor DPU, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Adam K Charnley
- Pattern Recognition Receptor DPU, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Guosen Ye
- Platform Technology & Science, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Neysa Nevins
- Platform Technology & Science, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Kamelia Behnia
- Pattern Recognition Receptor DPU, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Amaya I Wolf
- Pattern Recognition Receptor DPU, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Viera Kasparcova
- Pattern Recognition Receptor DPU, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Kelvin Nurse
- Platform Technology & Science, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Liping Wang
- Platform Technology & Science, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Ana C Puhl
- Platform Technology & Science, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Yue Li
- Platform Technology & Science, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Michael Klein
- Platform Technology & Science, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | | | - Jeffrey Guss
- Platform Technology & Science, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Michael A Reilly
- Pattern Recognition Receptor DPU, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Yiqian Lian
- Immuno-Oncology & Combinations DPU, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Kevin J Duffy
- Immuno-Oncology & Combinations DPU, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Jerry Adams
- Immuno-Oncology & Combinations DPU, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Kevin P Foley
- Pattern Recognition Receptor DPU, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Peter J Gough
- Pattern Recognition Receptor DPU, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Robert W Marquis
- Pattern Recognition Receptor DPU, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - James Smothers
- Immuno-Oncology & Combinations DPU, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Axel Hoos
- Immuno-Oncology & Combinations DPU, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - John Bertin
- Pattern Recognition Receptor DPU, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
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8
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Harris PA, Faucher N, George N, Eidam PM, King BW, White GV, Anderson NA, Bandyopadhyay D, Beal AM, Beneton V, Berger SB, Campobasso N, Campos S, Capriotti CA, Cox JA, Daugan A, Donche F, Fouchet MH, Finger JN, Geddes B, Gough PJ, Grondin P, Hoffman BL, Hoffman SJ, Hutchinson SE, Jeong JU, Jigorel E, Lamoureux P, Leister LK, Lich JD, Mahajan MK, Meslamani J, Mosley JE, Nagilla R, Nassau PM, Ng SL, Ouellette MT, Pasikanti KK, Potvain F, Reilly MA, Rivera EJ, Sautet S, Schaeffer MC, Sehon CA, Sun H, Thorpe JH, Totoritis RD, Ward P, Wellaway N, Wisnoski DD, Woolven JM, Bertin J, Marquis RW. Discovery and Lead-Optimization of 4,5-Dihydropyrazoles as Mono-Kinase Selective, Orally Bioavailable and Efficacious Inhibitors of Receptor Interacting Protein 1 (RIP1) Kinase. J Med Chem 2019; 62:5096-5110. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicolas Faucher
- Flexible Discovery Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, 25-27 avenue du Québec, 91951 Les Ulis Cedex, France
| | - Nicolas George
- Flexible Discovery Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, 25-27 avenue du Québec, 91951 Les Ulis Cedex, France
| | | | | | - Gemma V. White
- Flexible Discovery Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Niall A. Anderson
- Flexible Discovery Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | | | | | - Veronique Beneton
- Flexible Discovery Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, 25-27 avenue du Québec, 91951 Les Ulis Cedex, France
| | | | | | - Sebastien Campos
- Flexible Discovery Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | | | | | - Alain Daugan
- Flexible Discovery Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, 25-27 avenue du Québec, 91951 Les Ulis Cedex, France
| | - Frederic Donche
- Flexible Discovery Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, 25-27 avenue du Québec, 91951 Les Ulis Cedex, France
| | - Marie-Hélène Fouchet
- Flexible Discovery Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, 25-27 avenue du Québec, 91951 Les Ulis Cedex, France
| | | | | | | | - Pascal Grondin
- Flexible Discovery Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, 25-27 avenue du Québec, 91951 Les Ulis Cedex, France
| | | | | | - Susan E. Hutchinson
- Flexible Discovery Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | | | - Emilie Jigorel
- Flexible Discovery Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, 25-27 avenue du Québec, 91951 Les Ulis Cedex, France
| | - Pauline Lamoureux
- Flexible Discovery Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, 25-27 avenue du Québec, 91951 Les Ulis Cedex, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Julie E. Mosley
- Flexible Discovery Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | | | - Pamela M. Nassau
- Flexible Discovery Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | | | | | | | - Florent Potvain
- Flexible Discovery Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, 25-27 avenue du Québec, 91951 Les Ulis Cedex, France
| | | | | | - Stéphane Sautet
- Flexible Discovery Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, 25-27 avenue du Québec, 91951 Les Ulis Cedex, France
| | | | | | | | - James H. Thorpe
- Flexible Discovery Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | | | | | - Natalie Wellaway
- Flexible Discovery Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | | | - James M. Woolven
- Flexible Discovery Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
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9
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Haile PA, Casillas LN, Bury MJ, Mehlmann JF, Singhaus R, Charnley AK, Hughes TV, DeMartino MP, Wang GZ, Romano JJ, Dong X, Plotnikov NV, Lakdawala AS, Convery MA, Votta BJ, Lipshutz DB, Desai BM, Swift B, Capriotti CA, Berger SB, Mahajan MK, Reilly MA, Rivera EJ, Sun HH, Nagilla R, LePage C, Ouellette MT, Totoritis RD, Donovan BT, Brown BS, Chaudhary KW, Gough PJ, Bertin J, Marquis RW. Identification of Quinoline-Based RIP2 Kinase Inhibitors with an Improved Therapeutic Index to the hERG Ion Channel. ACS Med Chem Lett 2018; 9:1039-1044. [PMID: 30344914 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.8b00344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
RIP2 kinase was recently identified as a therapeutic target for a variety of autoimmune diseases. We have reported previously a selective 4-aminoquinoline-based RIP2 inhibitor GSK583 and demonstrated its effectiveness in blocking downstream NOD2 signaling in cellular models, rodent in vivo models, and human ex vivo disease models. While this tool compound was valuable in validating the biological pathway, it suffered from activity at the hERG ion channel and a poor PK/PD profile thereby limiting progression of this analog. Herein, we detail our efforts to improve both this off-target liability as well as the PK/PD profile of this series of inhibitors through modulation of lipophilicity and strengthening hinge binding ability. These efforts have led to inhibitor 7, which possesses high binding affinity for the ATP pocket of RIP2 (IC50 = 1 nM) and inhibition of downstream cytokine production in human whole blood (IC50 = 10 nM) with reduced hERG activity (14 μM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela A. Haile
- GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Linda N. Casillas
- GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Michael J. Bury
- GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - John F. Mehlmann
- GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Robert Singhaus
- GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Adam K. Charnley
- GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Terry V. Hughes
- GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Michael P. DeMartino
- GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Gren Z. Wang
- GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Joseph J. Romano
- GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Xiaoyang Dong
- GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Nikolay V. Plotnikov
- GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Ami S. Lakdawala
- GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Maire A. Convery
- GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Bartholomew J. Votta
- GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - David B. Lipshutz
- GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Biva M. Desai
- GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Barbara Swift
- GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Carol A. Capriotti
- GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Scott B. Berger
- GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Mukesh K. Mahajan
- GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Michael A. Reilly
- GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Elizabeth J. Rivera
- GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Helen H. Sun
- GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Rakesh Nagilla
- GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Carol LePage
- GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Michael T. Ouellette
- GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Rachel D. Totoritis
- GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Brian T. Donovan
- GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Barry S. Brown
- GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Khuram W. Chaudhary
- GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Peter J. Gough
- GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - John Bertin
- GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Robert W. Marquis
- GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
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10
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Harris PA, Berger SB, Jeong JU, Nagilla R, Bandyopadhyay D, Campobasso N, Capriotti CA, Cox JA, Dare L, Dong X, Eidam PM, Finger JN, Hoffman SJ, Kang J, Kasparcova V, King BW, Lehr R, Lan Y, Leister LK, Lich JD, MacDonald TT, Miller NA, Ouellette MT, Pao CS, Rahman A, Reilly MA, Rendina AR, Rivera EJ, Schaeffer MC, Sehon CA, Singhaus RR, Sun HH, Swift BA, Totoritis RD, Vossenkämper A, Ward P, Wisnoski DD, Zhang D, Marquis RW, Gough PJ, Bertin J. Discovery of a First-in-Class Receptor Interacting Protein 1 (RIP1) Kinase Specific Clinical Candidate (GSK2982772) for the Treatment of Inflammatory Diseases. J Med Chem 2017; 60:1247-1261. [PMID: 28151659 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 327] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
RIP1 regulates necroptosis and inflammation and may play an important role in contributing to a variety of human pathologies, including immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. Small-molecule inhibitors of RIP1 kinase that are suitable for advancement into the clinic have yet to be described. Herein, we report our lead optimization of a benzoxazepinone hit from a DNA-encoded library and the discovery and profile of clinical candidate GSK2982772 (compound 5), currently in phase 2a clinical studies for psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, and ulcerative colitis. Compound 5 potently binds to RIP1 with exquisite kinase specificity and has excellent activity in blocking many TNF-dependent cellular responses. Highlighting its potential as a novel anti-inflammatory agent, the inhibitor was also able to reduce spontaneous production of cytokines from human ulcerative colitis explants. The highly favorable physicochemical and ADMET properties of 5, combined with high potency, led to a predicted low oral dose in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Thomas T MacDonald
- Centre for Immunobiology, Blizard Institute, Barts, and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London , E1 2AD London, U.K
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Anna Vossenkämper
- Centre for Immunobiology, Blizard Institute, Barts, and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London , E1 2AD London, U.K
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11
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Haile PA, Votta BJ, Marquis RW, Bury MJ, Mehlmann JF, Singhaus R, Charnley AK, Lakdawala AS, Convery MA, Lipshutz DB, Desai BM, Swift B, Capriotti CA, Berger SB, Mahajan MK, Reilly MA, Rivera EJ, Sun HH, Nagilla R, Beal AM, Finger JN, Cook MN, King BW, Ouellette MT, Totoritis RD, Pierdomenico M, Negroni A, Stronati L, Cucchiara S, Ziółkowski B, Vossenkämper A, MacDonald TT, Gough PJ, Bertin J, Casillas LN. The Identification and Pharmacological Characterization of 6-(tert-Butylsulfonyl)-N-(5-fluoro-1H-indazol-3-yl)quinolin-4-amine (GSK583), a Highly Potent and Selective Inhibitor of RIP2 Kinase. J Med Chem 2016; 59:4867-80. [PMID: 27109867 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
RIP2 kinase is a central component of the innate immune system and enables downstream signaling following activation of the pattern recognition receptors NOD1 and NOD2, leading to the production of inflammatory cytokines. Recently, several inhibitors of RIP2 kinase have been disclosed that have contributed to the fundamental understanding of the role of RIP2 in this pathway. However, because they lack either broad kinase selectivity or strong affinity for RIP2, these tools have only limited utility to assess the role of RIP2 in complex environments. We present, herein, the discovery and pharmacological characterization of GSK583, a next-generation RIP2 inhibitor possessing exquisite selectivity and potency. Having demonstrated the pharmacological precision of this tool compound, we report its use in elucidating the role of RIP2 kinase in a variety of in vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo experiments, further clarifying our understanding of the role of RIP2 in NOD1 and NOD2 mediated disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Máire A Convery
- Platform Technology and Science, GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre , Stevenage, SG1 2NY, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Maria Pierdomenico
- Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA) , 00196 Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Negroni
- Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA) , 00196 Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Stronati
- Department of Cellular Biotechnology and Hematology, Sapienza University Hospital Umberto I , 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Salvatore Cucchiara
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Gastroenterology and Liver Unit, Sapienza University Hospital Umberto I , 00161 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Anna Vossenkämper
- Centre for Immunobiology, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London , E1 2AD London, U.K
| | - Thomas T MacDonald
- Centre for Immunobiology, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London , E1 2AD London, U.K
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12
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Harris PA, King BW, Bandyopadhyay D, Berger SB, Campobasso N, Capriotti CA, Cox JA, Dare L, Dong X, Finger JN, Grady LC, Hoffman SJ, Jeong JU, Kang J, Kasparcova V, Lakdawala AS, Lehr R, McNulty DE, Nagilla R, Ouellette MT, Pao CS, Rendina AR, Schaeffer MC, Summerfield JD, Swift BA, Totoritis RD, Ward P, Zhang A, Zhang D, Marquis RW, Bertin J, Gough PJ. DNA-Encoded Library Screening Identifies Benzo[b][1,4]oxazepin-4-ones as Highly Potent and Monoselective Receptor Interacting Protein 1 Kinase Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2016; 59:2163-78. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - LaShadric C. Grady
- Platform Technology & Science, GlaxoSmithKline, Winter Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jennifer D. Summerfield
- Platform Technology & Science, GlaxoSmithKline, Winter Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | | | | | | | - Aming Zhang
- Platform Technology & Science, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406, United States
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13
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Charnley AK, Convery MA, Lakdawala Shah A, Jones E, Hardwicke P, Bridges A, Ouellette M, Totoritis R, Schwartz B, King BW, Wisnoski DD, Kang J, Eidam PM, Votta BJ, Gough PJ, Marquis RW, Bertin J, Casillas L. Crystal structures of human RIP2 kinase catalytic domain complexed with ATP-competitive inhibitors: Foundations for understanding inhibitor selectivity. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:7000-6. [PMID: 26455654 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Revised: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Receptor interacting protein 2 (RIP2) is an intracellular kinase and key signaling partner for the pattern recognition receptors NOD1 and NOD2 (nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing proteins 1 and 2). As such, RIP2 represents an attractive target to probe the role of these pathways in disease. In an effort to design potent and selective inhibitors of RIP2 we established a crystallographic system and determined the structure of the RIP2 kinase domain in an apo form and also in complex with multiple inhibitors including AMP-PCP (β,γ-Methyleneadenosine 5'-triphosphate, a non-hydrolysable adenosine triphosphate mimic) and structurally diverse ATP competitive chemotypes identified via a high-throughput screening campaign. These structures represent the first set of diverse RIP2-inhibitor co-crystal structures and demonstrate that the protein possesses the ability to adopt multiple DFG-in as well as DFG-out and C-helix out conformations. These structures reveal key protein-inhibitor structural insights and serve as the foundation for establishing a robust structure-based drug design effort to identify both potent and highly selective inhibitors of RIP2 kinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam K Charnley
- Pattern Recognition Receptor Discovery Performance Unit, Immuno-Inflammation Therapy Area, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 S. Collegeville Road, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA.
| | - Máire A Convery
- Platform Technology & Science, GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG1 2NY, UK.
| | - Ami Lakdawala Shah
- Platform Technology & Science, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 S. Collegeville Road, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Emma Jones
- Platform Technology & Science, GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Philip Hardwicke
- Platform Technology & Science, GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Angela Bridges
- Platform Technology & Science, GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Michael Ouellette
- Platform Technology & Science, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 S. Collegeville Road, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Rachel Totoritis
- Platform Technology & Science, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 S. Collegeville Road, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Benjamin Schwartz
- Platform Technology & Science, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 S. Collegeville Road, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Bryan W King
- Platform Technology & Science, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 S. Collegeville Road, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - David D Wisnoski
- Platform Technology & Science, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 S. Collegeville Road, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - James Kang
- Pattern Recognition Receptor Discovery Performance Unit, Immuno-Inflammation Therapy Area, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 S. Collegeville Road, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Patrick M Eidam
- Pattern Recognition Receptor Discovery Performance Unit, Immuno-Inflammation Therapy Area, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 S. Collegeville Road, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Bartholomew J Votta
- Pattern Recognition Receptor Discovery Performance Unit, Immuno-Inflammation Therapy Area, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 S. Collegeville Road, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Peter J Gough
- Pattern Recognition Receptor Discovery Performance Unit, Immuno-Inflammation Therapy Area, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 S. Collegeville Road, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Robert W Marquis
- Pattern Recognition Receptor Discovery Performance Unit, Immuno-Inflammation Therapy Area, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 S. Collegeville Road, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - John Bertin
- Pattern Recognition Receptor Discovery Performance Unit, Immuno-Inflammation Therapy Area, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 S. Collegeville Road, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Linda Casillas
- Pattern Recognition Receptor Discovery Performance Unit, Immuno-Inflammation Therapy Area, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 S. Collegeville Road, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
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14
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Berger SB, Harris P, Nagilla R, Kasparcova V, Hoffman S, Swift B, Dare L, Schaeffer M, Capriotti C, Ouellette M, King BW, Wisnoski D, Cox J, Reilly M, Marquis RW, Bertin J, Gough PJ. Characterization of GSK'963: a structurally distinct, potent and selective inhibitor of RIP1 kinase. Cell Death Discov 2015; 1:15009. [PMID: 27551444 PMCID: PMC4979471 DOI: 10.1038/cddiscovery.2015.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Necroptosis and signaling regulated by RIP1 kinase activity is emerging as a key driver of inflammation in a variety of disease settings. A significant amount has been learned about how RIP1 regulates necrotic cell death through the use of the RIP1 kinase inhibitor Necrostatin-1 (Nec-1). Nec-1 has been a transformational tool for exploring the function of RIP1 kinase activity; however, its utility is somewhat limited by moderate potency, off-target activity against indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), and poor pharmacokinetic properties. These limitations of Nec-1 have driven an effort to identify next-generation tools to study RIP1 function, and have led to the identification of 7-Cl-O-Nec-1 (Nec-1s), which has improved pharmacokinetic properties and lacks IDO inhibitory activity. Here we describe the characterization of GSK′963, a chiral small-molecule inhibitor of RIP1 kinase that is chemically distinct from both Nec-1 and Nec-1s. GSK′963 is significantly more potent than Nec-1 in both biochemical and cellular assays, inhibiting RIP1-dependent cell death with an IC50 of between 1 and 4 nM in human and murine cells. GSK′963 is >10 000-fold selective for RIP1 over 339 other kinases, lacks measurable activity against IDO and has an inactive enantiomer, GSK′962, which can be used to confirm on-target effects. The increased in vitro potency of GSK′963 also translates in vivo, where GSK′963 provides much greater protection from hypothermia at matched doses to Nec-1, in a model of TNF-induced sterile shock. Together, we believe GSK′963 represents a next-generation tool for examining the function of RIP1 in vitro and in vivo, and should help to clarify our current understanding of the role of RIP1 in contributing to disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S B Berger
- Pattern Recognition Receptor Discovery Performance Unit, Immuno-inflammation Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline , Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - P Harris
- Pattern Recognition Receptor Discovery Performance Unit, Immuno-inflammation Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline , Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - R Nagilla
- Pattern Recognition Receptor Discovery Performance Unit, Immuno-inflammation Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline , Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - V Kasparcova
- Pattern Recognition Receptor Discovery Performance Unit, Immuno-inflammation Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline , Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - S Hoffman
- Pattern Recognition Receptor Discovery Performance Unit, Immuno-inflammation Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline , Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - B Swift
- Pattern Recognition Receptor Discovery Performance Unit, Immuno-inflammation Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline , Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - L Dare
- Pattern Recognition Receptor Discovery Performance Unit, Immuno-inflammation Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline , Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - M Schaeffer
- Pattern Recognition Receptor Discovery Performance Unit, Immuno-inflammation Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline , Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - C Capriotti
- Pattern Recognition Receptor Discovery Performance Unit, Immuno-inflammation Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline , Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - M Ouellette
- Platform Technology and Science, GlaxoSmithKline , Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - B W King
- Platform Technology and Science, GlaxoSmithKline , Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - D Wisnoski
- Platform Technology and Science, GlaxoSmithKline , Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - J Cox
- Platform Technology and Science, GlaxoSmithKline , Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - M Reilly
- Pattern Recognition Receptor Discovery Performance Unit, Immuno-inflammation Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline , Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - R W Marquis
- Pattern Recognition Receptor Discovery Performance Unit, Immuno-inflammation Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline , Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - J Bertin
- Pattern Recognition Receptor Discovery Performance Unit, Immuno-inflammation Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline , Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - P J Gough
- Pattern Recognition Receptor Discovery Performance Unit, Immuno-inflammation Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline , Collegeville, PA, USA
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15
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Harris PA, Duraiswami C, Fisher DT, Fornwald J, Hoffman SJ, Hofmann G, Jiang M, Lehr R, McCormick PM, Nickels L, Schwartz B, Wu Z, Zhang G, Marquis RW, Bertin J, Gough PJ. High throughput screening identifies ATP-competitive inhibitors of the NLRP1 inflammasome. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:2739-43. [PMID: 26022841 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Revised: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Nod-like receptors (NLRs) are cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptors that are promising targets for the development of anti-inflammatory therapeutics. Drug discovery efforts targeting NLRs have been hampered by their inherent tendency to form aggregates making protein generation and the development of screening assays very challenging. Herein we report the results of an HTS screen of NLR family member NLRP1 (NLR family, pyrin domain-containing 1) which was achieved through the large scale generation of recombinant GST-His-Thrombin-NLRP1 protein. The screen led to the identification of a diverse set of ATP competitive inhibitors with micromolar potencies. Activity of these hits was confirmed in a FP binding assay, and two homology models were employed to predict the possible binding mode of the leading series and facilitate further lead-optimization. These results highlight a promising strategy for the identification of inhibitors of NLR family members which are rapidly emerging as key drivers of inflammation in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip A Harris
- Pattern Recognition Receptor DPU, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville Road, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA.
| | - Chaya Duraiswami
- Platform Technology & Science, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville Road, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Donald T Fisher
- Platform Technology & Science, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville Road, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - James Fornwald
- Platform Technology & Science, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville Road, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Sandra J Hoffman
- Pattern Recognition Receptor DPU, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville Road, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Glenn Hofmann
- Platform Technology & Science, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville Road, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Ming Jiang
- Platform Technology & Science, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville Road, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Ruth Lehr
- Platform Technology & Science, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville Road, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Patricia M McCormick
- Platform Technology & Science, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville Road, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Leng Nickels
- Platform Technology & Science, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville Road, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Benjamin Schwartz
- Platform Technology & Science, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville Road, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Zining Wu
- Platform Technology & Science, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville Road, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Guofeng Zhang
- Platform Technology & Science, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville Road, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Robert W Marquis
- Pattern Recognition Receptor DPU, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville Road, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - John Bertin
- Pattern Recognition Receptor DPU, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville Road, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Peter J Gough
- Pattern Recognition Receptor DPU, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville Road, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
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16
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Mandal P, Berger SB, Pillay S, Moriwaki K, Huang C, Guo H, Lich JD, Finger J, Kasparcova V, Votta B, Ouellette M, King BW, Wisnoski D, Lakdawala AS, DeMartino MP, Casillas LN, Haile PA, Sehon CA, Marquis RW, Upton J, Daley-Bauer LP, Roback L, Ramia N, Dovey CM, Carette JE, Chan FKM, Bertin J, Gough PJ, Mocarski ES, Kaiser WJ. RIP3 induces apoptosis independent of pronecrotic kinase activity. Mol Cell 2014; 56:481-95. [PMID: 25459880 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2014.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 533] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Revised: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIP3 or RIPK3) has emerged as a central player in necroptosis and a potential target to control inflammatory disease. Here, three selective small-molecule compounds are shown to inhibit RIP3 kinase-dependent necroptosis, although their therapeutic value is undermined by a surprising, concentration-dependent induction of apoptosis. These compounds interact with RIP3 to activate caspase 8 (Casp8) via RHIM-driven recruitment of RIP1 (RIPK1) to assemble a Casp8-FADD-cFLIP complex completely independent of pronecrotic kinase activities and MLKL. RIP3 kinase-dead D161N mutant induces spontaneous apoptosis independent of compound, whereas D161G, D143N, and K51A mutants, like wild-type, only trigger apoptosis when compound is present. Accordingly, RIP3-K51A mutant mice (Rip3(K51A/K51A)) are viable and fertile, in stark contrast to the perinatal lethality of Rip3(D161N/D161N) mice. RIP3 therefore holds both necroptosis and apoptosis in balance through a Ripoptosome-like platform. This work highlights a common mechanism unveiling RHIM-driven apoptosis by therapeutic or genetic perturbation of RIP3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratyusha Mandal
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Scott B Berger
- Pattern Recognition Receptor Discovery Performance Unit, Immuno-Inflammation Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Sirika Pillay
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kenta Moriwaki
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Microbiology Program, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Chunzi Huang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Hongyan Guo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - John D Lich
- Pattern Recognition Receptor Discovery Performance Unit, Immuno-Inflammation Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Joshua Finger
- Pattern Recognition Receptor Discovery Performance Unit, Immuno-Inflammation Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Viera Kasparcova
- Pattern Recognition Receptor Discovery Performance Unit, Immuno-Inflammation Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Bart Votta
- Pattern Recognition Receptor Discovery Performance Unit, Immuno-Inflammation Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Michael Ouellette
- Molecular Discovery Research, Platform Technologies and Science, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Bryan W King
- Molecular Discovery Research, Platform Technologies and Science, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - David Wisnoski
- Molecular Discovery Research, Platform Technologies and Science, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Ami S Lakdawala
- Molecular Discovery Research, Platform Technologies and Science, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Michael P DeMartino
- Pattern Recognition Receptor Discovery Performance Unit, Immuno-Inflammation Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Linda N Casillas
- Pattern Recognition Receptor Discovery Performance Unit, Immuno-Inflammation Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Pamela A Haile
- Pattern Recognition Receptor Discovery Performance Unit, Immuno-Inflammation Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Clark A Sehon
- Pattern Recognition Receptor Discovery Performance Unit, Immuno-Inflammation Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Robert W Marquis
- Pattern Recognition Receptor Discovery Performance Unit, Immuno-Inflammation Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Jason Upton
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Lisa P Daley-Bauer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Linda Roback
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Nancy Ramia
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Microbiology Program, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Cole M Dovey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jan E Carette
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Francis Ka-Ming Chan
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Microbiology Program, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - John Bertin
- Pattern Recognition Receptor Discovery Performance Unit, Immuno-Inflammation Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Peter J Gough
- Pattern Recognition Receptor Discovery Performance Unit, Immuno-Inflammation Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Edward S Mocarski
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - William J Kaiser
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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17
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Dondelinger Y, Declercq W, Montessuit S, Roelandt R, Goncalves A, Bruggeman I, Hulpiau P, Weber K, Sehon CA, Marquis RW, Bertin J, Gough PJ, Savvides S, Martinou JC, Bertrand MJM, Vandenabeele P. MLKL compromises plasma membrane integrity by binding to phosphatidylinositol phosphates. Cell Rep 2014; 7:971-81. [PMID: 24813885 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 697] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Revised: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/18/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Although mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL) protein has emerged as a specific and crucial protein for necroptosis induction, how MLKL transduces the death signal remains poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that the full four-helical bundle domain (4HBD) in the N-terminal region of MLKL is required and sufficient to induce its oligomerization and trigger cell death. Moreover, we found that a patch of positively charged amino acids on the surface of the 4HBD binds to phosphatidylinositol phosphates (PIPs) and allows recruitment of MLKL to the plasma membrane. Importantly, we found that recombinant MLKL, but not a mutant lacking these positive charges, induces leakage of PIP-containing liposomes as potently as BAX, supporting a model in which MLKL induces necroptosis by directly permeabilizing the plasma membrane. Accordingly, we found that inhibiting the formation of PI(5)P and PI(4,5)P2 specifically inhibits tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-mediated necroptosis but not apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves Dondelinger
- VIB Inflammation Research Center, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Zwijnaarde-Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Zwijnaarde-Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wim Declercq
- VIB Inflammation Research Center, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Zwijnaarde-Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Zwijnaarde-Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sylvie Montessuit
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Ria Roelandt
- VIB Inflammation Research Center, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Zwijnaarde-Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Zwijnaarde-Ghent, Belgium
| | - Amanda Goncalves
- Microscopy Core Facility, VIB Inflammation Research Center, VIB/Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Zwijnaarde-Ghent, Belgium
| | - Inge Bruggeman
- VIB Inflammation Research Center, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Zwijnaarde-Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Zwijnaarde-Ghent, Belgium
| | - Paco Hulpiau
- VIB Inflammation Research Center, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Zwijnaarde-Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Zwijnaarde-Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kathrin Weber
- VIB Inflammation Research Center, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Zwijnaarde-Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Zwijnaarde-Ghent, Belgium
| | - Clark A Sehon
- Pattern Recognition Receptor Discovery Performance Unit, Immuno-Inflammation Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Robert W Marquis
- Pattern Recognition Receptor Discovery Performance Unit, Immuno-Inflammation Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - John Bertin
- Pattern Recognition Receptor Discovery Performance Unit, Immuno-Inflammation Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Peter J Gough
- Pattern Recognition Receptor Discovery Performance Unit, Immuno-Inflammation Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Savvas Savvides
- Unit for Structural Biology and Biophysics, Laboratory for Protein Biochemistry and Biomolecular Engineering, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Mathieu J M Bertrand
- VIB Inflammation Research Center, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Zwijnaarde-Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Zwijnaarde-Ghent, Belgium
| | - Peter Vandenabeele
- VIB Inflammation Research Center, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Zwijnaarde-Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Zwijnaarde-Ghent, Belgium; Methusalem Program, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Zwijnaarde-Ghent, Belgium.
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18
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Harris PA, Bandyopadhyay D, Berger SB, Campobasso N, Capriotti CA, Cox JA, Dare L, Finger JN, Hoffman SJ, Kahler KM, Lehr R, Lich JD, Nagilla R, Nolte RT, Ouellette MT, Pao CS, Schaeffer MC, Smallwood A, Sun HH, Swift BA, Totoritis RD, Ward P, Marquis RW, Bertin J, Gough PJ. Discovery of Small Molecule RIP1 Kinase Inhibitors for the Treatment of Pathologies Associated with Necroptosis. ACS Med Chem Lett 2013; 4:1238-43. [PMID: 24900635 DOI: 10.1021/ml400382p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Potent inhibitors of RIP1 kinase from three distinct series, 1-aminoisoquinolines, pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridines, and furo[2,3-d]pyrimidines, all of the type II class recognizing a DLG-out inactive conformation, were identified from screening of our in-house kinase focused sets. An exemplar from the furo[2,3-d]pyrimidine series showed a dose proportional response in protection from hypothermia in a mouse model of TNFα induced lethal shock.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Kirsten M. Kahler
- Platform Technology & Science, GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | | | | | | | - Robert T. Nolte
- Platform Technology & Science, GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
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19
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Thorneloe KS, Cheung M, Bao W, Alsaid H, Lenhard S, Jian MY, Costell M, Maniscalco-Hauk K, Krawiec JA, Olzinski A, Gordon E, Lozinskaya I, Elefante L, Qin P, Matasic DS, James C, Tunstead J, Donovan B, Kallal L, Waszkiewicz A, Vaidya K, Davenport EA, Larkin J, Burgert M, Casillas LN, Marquis RW, Ye G, Eidam HS, Goodman KB, Toomey JR, Roethke TJ, Jucker BM, Schnackenberg CG, Townsley MI, Lepore JJ, Willette RN. An orally active TRPV4 channel blocker prevents and resolves pulmonary edema induced by heart failure. Sci Transl Med 2013; 4:159ra148. [PMID: 23136043 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3004276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary edema resulting from high pulmonary venous pressure (PVP) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in heart failure (HF) patients, but current treatment options demonstrate substantial limitations. Recent evidence from rodent lungs suggests that PVP-induced edema is driven by activation of pulmonary capillary endothelial transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) channels. To examine the therapeutic potential of this mechanism, we evaluated TRPV4 expression in human congestive HF lungs and developed small-molecule TRPV4 channel blockers for testing in animal models of HF. TRPV4 immunolabeling of human lung sections demonstrated expression of TRPV4 in the pulmonary vasculature that was enhanced in sections from HF patients compared to controls. GSK2193874 was identified as a selective, orally active TRPV4 blocker that inhibits Ca(2+) influx through recombinant TRPV4 channels and native endothelial TRPV4 currents. In isolated rodent and canine lungs, TRPV4 blockade prevented the increased vascular permeability and resultant pulmonary edema associated with elevated PVP. Furthermore, in both acute and chronic HF models, GSK2193874 pretreatment inhibited the formation of pulmonary edema and enhanced arterial oxygenation. Finally, GSK2193874 treatment resolved pulmonary edema already established by myocardial infarction in mice. These findings identify a crucial role for TRPV4 in the formation of HF-induced pulmonary edema and suggest that TRPV4 blockade is a potential therapeutic strategy for HF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin S Thorneloe
- Heart Failure Discovery Performance Unit, Metabolic Pathways and Cardiovascular Therapy Area Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, 709 Swedeland Road, King of Prussia, PA 19406, USA.
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20
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Kaiser WJ, Sridharan H, Huang C, Mandal P, Upton JW, Gough PJ, Sehon CA, Marquis RW, Bertin J, Mocarski ES. Toll-like receptor 3-mediated necrosis via TRIF, RIP3, and MLKL. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:31268-79. [PMID: 24019532 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.462341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 764] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling is triggered by pathogen-associated molecular patterns that mediate well established cytokine-driven pathways, activating NF-κB together with IRF3/IRF7. In addition, TLR3 drives caspase 8-regulated programmed cell death pathways reminiscent of TNF family death receptor signaling. We find that inhibition or elimination of caspase 8 during stimulation of TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, TLR5, or TLR9 results in receptor interacting protein (RIP) 3 kinase-dependent programmed necrosis that occurs through either TIR domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-β (TRIF) or MyD88 signal transduction. TLR3 or TLR4 directly activates programmed necrosis through a RIP homotypic interaction motif-dependent association of TRIF with RIP3 kinase (also called RIPK3). In fibroblasts, this pathway proceeds independent of RIP1 or its kinase activity, but it remains dependent on mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL) downstream of RIP3 kinase. Here, we describe two small molecule RIP3 kinase inhibitors and employ them to demonstrate the common requirement for RIP3 kinase in programmed necrosis induced by RIP1-RIP3, DAI-RIP3, and TRIF-RIP3 complexes. Cell fate decisions following TLR signaling parallel death receptor signaling and rely on caspase 8 to suppress RIP3-dependent programmed necrosis whether initiated directly by a TRIF-RIP3-MLKL pathway or indirectly via TNF activation and the RIP1-RIP3-MLKL necroptosis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Kaiser
- From the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
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21
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Rickard DJ, Sehon CA, Kasparcova V, Kallal LA, Zeng X, Montoute MN, Chordia T, Poore DD, Li H, Wu Z, Eidam PM, Haile PA, Yu J, Emery JG, Marquis RW, Gough PJ, Bertin J. Identification of benzimidazole diamides as selective inhibitors of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2 (NOD2) signaling pathway. PLoS One 2013; 8:e69619. [PMID: 23936340 PMCID: PMC3731320 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
NOD2 is an intracellular pattern recognition receptor that assembles with receptor-interacting protein (RIP)-2 kinase in response to the presence of bacterial muramyl dipeptide (MDP) in the host cell cytoplasm, thereby inducing signals leading to the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The dysregulation of NOD2 signaling has been associated with various inflammatory disorders suggesting that small-molecule inhibitors of this signaling complex may have therapeutic utility. To identify inhibitors of the NOD2 signaling pathway, we utilized a cell-based screening approach and identified a benzimidazole diamide compound designated GSK669 that selectively inhibited an MDP-stimulated, NOD2-mediated IL-8 response without directly inhibiting RIP2 kinase activity. Moreover, GSK669 failed to inhibit cytokine production in response to the activation of Toll-like receptor (TLR)-2, tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR)-1 and closely related NOD1, all of which share common downstream components with the NOD2 signaling pathway. While the inhibitors blocked MDP-induced NOD2 responses, they failed to block signaling induced by NOD2 over-expression or single stranded RNA, suggesting specificity for the MDP-induced signaling complex and activator-dependent differences in NOD2 signaling. Investigation of structure-activity relationship allowed the identification of more potent analogs that maintained NOD2 selectivity. The largest boost in activity was achieved by N-methylation of the C2-ethyl amide group. These findings demonstrate that the NOD2 signaling pathway is amenable to modulation by small molecules that do not target RIP2 kinase activity. The compounds we identified should prove useful tools to investigate the importance of NOD2 in various inflammatory processes and may have potential clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Rickard
- Pattern Recognition Receptor Discovery Performance Unit, Immuno-Inflammation Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, USA.
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22
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23
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Kumar S, Matheny CJ, Hoffman SJ, Marquis RW, Schultz M, Liang X, Vasko JA, Stroup GB, Vaden VR, Haley H, Fox J, DelMar EG, Nemeth EF, Lago AM, Callahan JF, Bhatnagar P, Huffman WF, Gowen M, Yi B, Danoff TM, Fitzpatrick LA. An orally active calcium-sensing receptor antagonist that transiently increases plasma concentrations of PTH and stimulates bone formation. Bone 2010; 46:534-42. [PMID: 19786130 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2009.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2009] [Revised: 08/24/2009] [Accepted: 09/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Daily subcutaneous administration of exogenous parathyroid hormone (PTH) promotes bone formation in patients with osteoporosis. Here we describe two novel, short-acting calcium-sensing receptor antagonists (SB-423562 and its orally bioavailable precursor, SB-423557) that elicit transient PTH release from the parathyroid gland in several preclinical species and in humans. In an ovariectomized rat model of bone loss, daily oral administration of SB-423557 promoted bone formation and improved parameters of bone strength at lumbar spine, proximal tibia and midshaft femur. Chronic administration of SB-423557 did not increase parathyroid cell proliferation in rats. In healthy human volunteers, single doses of intravenous SB-423562 and oral SB-423557 elicited transient elevations of endogenous PTH concentrations in a profile similar to that observed with subcutaneously administered PTH. Both agents were well tolerated in humans. Transient increases in serum calcium, an expected effect of increased parathyroid hormone concentrations, were observed post-dose at the higher doses of SB-423557 studied. These data constitute an early proof of principle in humans and provide the basis for further development of this class of compound as a novel, orally administered bone-forming treatment for osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Kumar
- GlaxoSmithKline, UM 2230, 709 Swedeland Road, King of Prussia, PA 19406-2711, USA
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24
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Marquis RW, Lago AM, Callahan JF, Rahman A, Dong X, Stroup GB, Hoffman S, Gowen M, DelMar EG, Van Wagenen BC, Logan S, Shimizu S, Fox J, Nemeth EF, Roethke T, Smith BR, Ward KW, Bhatnagar P. Antagonists of the calcium receptor. 2. Amino alcohol-based parathyroid hormone secretagogues. J Med Chem 2009; 52:6599-605. [PMID: 19821575 DOI: 10.1021/jm900563e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
When administered as a single agent to rats, the previously reported calcium receptor antagonist 3 elicited a sustained elevation of plasma PTH resulting in no increase in overall bone mineral density. The lack of a bone building effect for analogue 3 was attributed to the large volume of distribution (V(dss)(rat) = 11 L/kg), producing a protracted plasma PTH profile. Incorporation of a carboxylic acid functionality into the amino alcohol template led to the identification of 12 with a lower volume of distribution (V(dss)(12) = 1.18 L/kg) and a shorter half-life. The zwitterionic nature of antagonist 12 necessitated the utility of an ester prodrug approach to increase overall permeability. Antagonist 12 elicited a rapid and transient increase in circulating levels of PTH following oral dosing of the ester prodrug 11 in the dog. The magnitude and duration of the increases in plasma levels of PTH would be expected to stimulate new bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert W Marquis
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, USA.
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25
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Marquis RW, Lago AM, Callahan JF, Trout REL, Gowen M, DelMar EG, Van Wagenen BC, Logan S, Shimizu S, Fox J, Nemeth EF, Yang Z, Roethke T, Smith BR, Ward KW, Lee J, Keenan RM, Bhatnagar P. Antagonists of the Calcium Receptor I. Amino Alcohol-Based Parathyroid Hormone Secretagogues. J Med Chem 2009; 52:3982-93. [DOI: 10.1021/jm900364m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert W. Marquis
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, Bone and Cartilage Biology, Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Computational and Structural Chemistry, and Cellular Biochemistry, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, NPS Pharmaceuticals, 550 Hills Drive, Bedminster, New Jersey 07921
| | - Amparo M. Lago
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, Bone and Cartilage Biology, Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Computational and Structural Chemistry, and Cellular Biochemistry, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, NPS Pharmaceuticals, 550 Hills Drive, Bedminster, New Jersey 07921
| | - James F. Callahan
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, Bone and Cartilage Biology, Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Computational and Structural Chemistry, and Cellular Biochemistry, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, NPS Pharmaceuticals, 550 Hills Drive, Bedminster, New Jersey 07921
| | - Robert E. Lee Trout
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, Bone and Cartilage Biology, Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Computational and Structural Chemistry, and Cellular Biochemistry, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, NPS Pharmaceuticals, 550 Hills Drive, Bedminster, New Jersey 07921
| | - Maxine Gowen
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, Bone and Cartilage Biology, Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Computational and Structural Chemistry, and Cellular Biochemistry, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, NPS Pharmaceuticals, 550 Hills Drive, Bedminster, New Jersey 07921
| | - Eric G. DelMar
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, Bone and Cartilage Biology, Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Computational and Structural Chemistry, and Cellular Biochemistry, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, NPS Pharmaceuticals, 550 Hills Drive, Bedminster, New Jersey 07921
| | - Bradford C. Van Wagenen
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, Bone and Cartilage Biology, Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Computational and Structural Chemistry, and Cellular Biochemistry, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, NPS Pharmaceuticals, 550 Hills Drive, Bedminster, New Jersey 07921
| | - Sarah Logan
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, Bone and Cartilage Biology, Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Computational and Structural Chemistry, and Cellular Biochemistry, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, NPS Pharmaceuticals, 550 Hills Drive, Bedminster, New Jersey 07921
| | - Scott Shimizu
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, Bone and Cartilage Biology, Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Computational and Structural Chemistry, and Cellular Biochemistry, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, NPS Pharmaceuticals, 550 Hills Drive, Bedminster, New Jersey 07921
| | - John Fox
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, Bone and Cartilage Biology, Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Computational and Structural Chemistry, and Cellular Biochemistry, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, NPS Pharmaceuticals, 550 Hills Drive, Bedminster, New Jersey 07921
| | - Edward F. Nemeth
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, Bone and Cartilage Biology, Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Computational and Structural Chemistry, and Cellular Biochemistry, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, NPS Pharmaceuticals, 550 Hills Drive, Bedminster, New Jersey 07921
| | - Zheng Yang
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, Bone and Cartilage Biology, Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Computational and Structural Chemistry, and Cellular Biochemistry, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, NPS Pharmaceuticals, 550 Hills Drive, Bedminster, New Jersey 07921
| | - Theresa Roethke
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, Bone and Cartilage Biology, Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Computational and Structural Chemistry, and Cellular Biochemistry, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, NPS Pharmaceuticals, 550 Hills Drive, Bedminster, New Jersey 07921
| | - Brian R. Smith
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, Bone and Cartilage Biology, Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Computational and Structural Chemistry, and Cellular Biochemistry, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, NPS Pharmaceuticals, 550 Hills Drive, Bedminster, New Jersey 07921
| | - Keith W. Ward
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, Bone and Cartilage Biology, Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Computational and Structural Chemistry, and Cellular Biochemistry, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, NPS Pharmaceuticals, 550 Hills Drive, Bedminster, New Jersey 07921
| | - John Lee
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, Bone and Cartilage Biology, Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Computational and Structural Chemistry, and Cellular Biochemistry, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, NPS Pharmaceuticals, 550 Hills Drive, Bedminster, New Jersey 07921
| | - Richard M. Keenan
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, Bone and Cartilage Biology, Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Computational and Structural Chemistry, and Cellular Biochemistry, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, NPS Pharmaceuticals, 550 Hills Drive, Bedminster, New Jersey 07921
| | - Pradip Bhatnagar
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, Bone and Cartilage Biology, Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Computational and Structural Chemistry, and Cellular Biochemistry, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, NPS Pharmaceuticals, 550 Hills Drive, Bedminster, New Jersey 07921
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Podolin PL, Bolognese BJ, Carpenter DC, Davis TG, Johanson RA, Fox JH, Long E, Dong X, Marquis RW, Locastro SM, Terfloth GJ, Kurali E, Peterson JJ, Smith BR, McQueney MS, Yamashita DS, Capper-Spudich EA. Inhibition of invariant chain processing, antigen-induced proliferative responses, and the development of collagen-induced arthritis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by a small molecule cysteine protease inhibitor. J Immunol 2008; 180:7989-8003. [PMID: 18523262 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.180.12.7989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Members of the papain family of cysteine proteases (cathepsins) mediate late stage processing of MHC class II-bound invariant chain (Ii), enabling dissociation of Ii, and binding of antigenic peptide to class II molecules. Recognition of cell surface class II/Ag complexes by CD4(+) T cells then leads to T cell activation. Herein, we demonstrate that a pan-active cathepsin inhibitor, SB-331750, attenuated the processing of whole cell Ii p10 to CLIP by Raji cells, and DBA/1, SJL/J, and C57BL/6 splenocytes. In Raji cells and C57BL/6 splenocytes, SB-331750 inhibited class II-associated Ii processing and reduced surface class II/CLIP expression, whereas in SB-331750-treated DBA/1 and SJL/J splenocytes, class II-associated Ii processing intermediates were undetectable. Incubation of lymph node cells/splenocytes from collagen-primed DBA/1 mice and myelin basic protein-primed SJL/J mice with Ag in the presence of SB-331750 resulted in concentration-dependent inhibition of Ag-induced proliferation. In vivo administration of SB-331750 to DBA/1, SJL/J, and C57BL/6 mice inhibited splenocyte processing of whole cell Ii p10 to CLIP. Prophylactic administration of SB-331750 to collagen-immunized/boosted DBA/1 mice delayed the onset and reduced the severity of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), and reduced paw tissue levels of IL-1beta and TNF-alpha. Similarly, treatment of myelin basic protein-primed SJL/J lymph node cells with SB-331750 delayed the onset and reduced the severity of adoptively transferred experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Therapeutic administration of SB-331750 reduced the severity of mild/moderate CIA and EAE. These results indicate that pharmacological inhibition of cathepsins attenuates CIA and EAE, potentially via inhibition of Ii processing, and subsequent Ag-induced T cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia L Podolin
- Respiratory and Inflammation Center of Excellence for Drug Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, PA 19406, USA.
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27
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Thorneloe KS, Sulpizio AC, Lin Z, Figueroa DJ, Clouse AK, McCafferty GP, Chendrimada TP, Lashinger ESR, Gordon E, Evans L, Misajet BA, Demarini DJ, Nation JH, Casillas LN, Marquis RW, Votta BJ, Sheardown SA, Xu X, Brooks DP, Laping NJ, Westfall TD. N-((1S)-1-{[4-((2S)-2-{[(2,4-dichlorophenyl)sulfonyl]amino}-3-hydroxypropanoyl)-1-piperazinyl]carbonyl}-3-methylbutyl)-1-benzothiophene-2-carboxamide (GSK1016790A), a novel and potent transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 channel agonist induces urinary bladder contraction and hyperactivity: Part I. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2008; 326:432-42. [PMID: 18499743 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.108.139295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 312] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The transient receptor potential (TRP) vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) member of the TRP superfamily has recently been implicated in numerous physiological processes. In this study, we describe a small molecule TRPV4 channel activator, (N-((1S)-1-{[4-((2S)-2-{[(2,4-dichlorophenyl)sulfonyl]amino}-3-hydroxypropanoyl)-1-piperazinyl]carbonyl}-3-methylbutyl)-1-benzothiophene-2-carboxamide (GSK1016790A), which we have used as a valuable tool in investigating the role of TRPV4 in the urinary bladder. GSK1016790A elicited Ca2+ influx in mouse and human TRPV4-expressing human embryonic kidney (HEK) cells (EC50 values of 18 and 2.1 nM, respectively), and it evoked a dose-dependent activation of TRPV4 whole-cell currents at concentrations above 1 nM. In contrast, the TRPV4 activator 4alpha-phorbol 12,13-didecanoate (4alpha-PDD) was 300-fold less potent than GSK1016790A in activating TRPV4 currents. TRPV4 mRNA was detected in urinary bladder smooth muscle (UBSM) and urothelium of TRPV4+/+ mouse bladders. Western blotting and immunohistochemistry demonstrated protein expression in both the UBSM and urothelium that was absent in TRPV4-/- bladders. TRPV4 activation with GSK1016790A contracted TRPV4+/+ mouse bladders in vitro, both in the presence and absence of the urothelium, an effect that was undetected in TRPV4-/- bladders. Consistent with the effects on TRPV4 HEK whole-cell currents, 4alpha-PDD demonstrated a weak ability to contract bladder strips compared with GSK1016790A. In vivo, urodynamics in TRPV4+/+ and TRPV4-/- mice revealed an enhanced bladder capacity in the TRPV4-/- mice. Infusion of GSK1016790A into the bladders of TRPV4+/+ mice induced bladder overactivity with no effect in TRPV4-/- mice. Overall TRPV4 plays an important role in urinary bladder function that includes an ability to contract the bladder as a result of the expression of TRPV4 in the UBSM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin S Thorneloe
- Cardiovascular and Urogenital Centre of Excellence in Drug Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, 709 Swedeland Road, King of Prussia, PA 19406, USA.
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28
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Kumar S, Dare L, Vasko-Moser JA, James IE, Blake SM, Rickard DJ, Hwang SM, Tomaszek T, Yamashita DS, Marquis RW, Oh H, Jeong JU, Veber DF, Gowen M, Lark MW, Stroup G. A highly potent inhibitor of cathepsin K (relacatib) reduces biomarkers of bone resorption both in vitro and in an acute model of elevated bone turnover in vivo in monkeys. Bone 2007; 40:122-31. [PMID: 16962401 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2006.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2005] [Revised: 07/13/2006] [Accepted: 07/20/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cathepsin K is an osteoclast-derived cysteine protease that has been implicated as playing a major role in bone resorption. A substantial body of evidence indicates that cathepsin K is critical in osteoclast-mediated bone resorption and suggests that its pharmacological inhibition should result in inhibition of bone resorption in vivo. Here we report the pharmacological characterization of SB-462795 (relacatib) as a potent and orally bioavailable small molecule inhibitor of cathepsin K that inhibits bone resorption both in vitro in human tissue and in vivo in cynomolgus monkeys. SB-462795 is a potent inhibitor of human cathepsins K, L, and V (K(i, app)=41, 68, and 53 pM, respectively) that exhibits 39-300-fold selectivity over other cathepsins. SB-462795 inhibited endogenous cathepsin K in situ in human osteoclasts and human osteoclast-mediated bone resorption with IC50 values of approximately 45 nM and approximately 70 nM, respectively. The anti-resorptive potential of SB-462795 was evaluated in normal as well as medically ovariectomized (Ovx) female cynomolgus monkeys. Serum levels of the C- and N-terminal telopeptides of Type I collagen (CTx and NTx, respectively) and urinary levels of NTx were monitored as biomarkers of bone resorption. Administration of SB-462795 to medically ovariectomized or normal monkeys resulted in an acute reduction in both serum and urinary markers of bone resorption within 1.5 h after dosing, and this effect lasted up to 48 h depending on the dose administered. Our data indicate that SB-462795 potently inhibits human cathepsin K in osteoclasts, resulting in a rapid inhibition of bone resorption both in vitro and in vivo in the monkey. These studies also demonstrate the therapeutic potential of relacatib in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis and serves to model the planned clinical trials in human subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kumar
- Department of Musculoskeletal Diseases, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA.
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29
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Yamashita DS, Marquis RW, Xie R, Nidamarthy SD, Oh HJ, Jeong JU, Erhard KF, Ward KW, Roethke TJ, Smith BR, Cheng HY, Geng X, Lin F, Offen PH, Wang B, Nevins N, Head MS, Haltiwanger RC, Narducci Sarjeant AA, Liable-Sands LM, Zhao B, Smith WW, Janson CA, Gao E, Tomaszek T, McQueney M, James IE, Gress CJ, Zembryki DL, Lark MW, Veber DF. Structure activity relationships of 5-, 6-, and 7-methyl-substituted azepan-3-one cathepsin K inhibitors. J Med Chem 2006; 49:1597-612. [PMID: 16509577 DOI: 10.1021/jm050915u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The syntheses, in vitro characterizations, and rat and monkey in vivo pharmacokinetic profiles of a series of 5-, 6-, and 7-methyl-substituted azepanone-based cathepsin K inhibitors are described. Depending on the particular regiochemical substitution and stereochemical configuration, methyl-substituted azepanones were identified that had widely varied cathepsin K inhibitory potency as well as pharmacokinetic properties compared to the 4S-parent azepanone analogue, 1 (human cathepsin K, K(i,app) = 0.16 nM, rat oral bioavailability = 42%, rat in vivo clearance = 49.2 mL/min/kg). Of particular note, the 4S-7-cis-methylazepanone analogue, 10, had a K(i,app) = 0.041 nM vs human cathepsin K and 89% oral bioavailability and an in vivo clearance rate of 19.5 mL/min/kg in the rat. Hypotheses that rationalize some of the observed characteristics of these closely related analogues have been made using X-ray crystallography and conformational analysis. These examples demonstrate the potential for modulation of pharmacological properties of cathepsin inhibitors by substituting the azepanone core. The high potency for inhibition of cathepsin K coupled with the favorable rat and monkey pharmacokinetic characteristics of compound 10, also known as SB-462795 or relacatib, has made it the subject of considerable in vivo evaluation for safety and efficacy as an inhibitor of excessive bone resorption in rat, monkey, and human studies, which will be reported elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis S Yamashita
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 S. Collegeville Rd, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, USA.
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30
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Marquis RW, James I, Zeng J, Trout REL, Thompson S, Rahman A, Yamashita DS, Xie R, Ru Y, Gress CJ, Blake S, Lark MA, Hwang SM, Tomaszek T, Offen P, Head MS, Cummings MD, Veber DF. Azepanone-Based Inhibitors of Human Cathepsin L. J Med Chem 2005; 48:6870-8. [PMID: 16250645 DOI: 10.1021/jm0502079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The extension of a previously reported cathepsin K azepanone-based inhibitor template to the design and synthesis of potent and selective inhibitors of the homologous cysteine protease cathepsin L is detailed. Structure-activity studies examining the effect of inhibitor selectivity as a function of the P3 and P2 binding elements of the potent cathepsin K inhibitor 1 revealed that incorporation of either a P3 quinoline-8-carboxamide or a naphthylene-1-carboxamide led to increased selectivity for cathepsin L over cathepsin K. Substitution of the P2 leucine of 1 with either a phenylalanine or a beta-naphthylalanine also resulted in an increased selectivity for cathepsin L over cathepsin K. Molecular modeling studies with the inhibitors docked within the active sites of both cathepsins L and K have rationalized the observed selectivities. Optimization of cathepsin L binding by the combination of the P3 naphthylene-1-carboxamide with the P2 beta-naphthylalanine provided 15, which is a potent, selective, and competitive inhibitor of human cathepsin L with a K(i) = 0.43 nM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert W Marquis
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA.
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31
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Marquis RW, Ward KW, Roethke T, Smith BR, Ru Y, Yamashita DS, Tomaszek TA, Gorycki PD, Cheng HY, James IE, Stroup GB, Lark MW, Gowen M, Veber DF. An azepanone-based inhibitor of human cathepsin K with improved oral bioavailability in the rat and the monkey. Mol Pharm 2005; 1:97-100. [PMID: 15832505 DOI: 10.1021/mp034017a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert W Marquis
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, USA.
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32
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James IE, Marquis RW, Blake SM, Hwang SM, Gress CJ, Ru Y, Zembryki D, Yamashita DS, McQueney MS, Tomaszek TA, Oh HJ, Gowen M, Veber DF, Lark MW. Potent and selective cathepsin L inhibitors do not inhibit human osteoclast resorption in vitro. J Biol Chem 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(20)84062-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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33
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Fevig JM, Marquis RW, Overman LE. New approach to Strychnos alkaloids. Stereocontrolled total synthesis of (.+-.)-dehydrotubifoline. J Am Chem Soc 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ja00013a068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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34
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Angle SR, Fevig JM, Knight SD, Marquis RW, Overman LE. Synthesis applications of cationic aza-Cope rearrangements. 24. The aza-Cope-Mannich approach to Strychnos alkaloids. Short stereocontrolled total syntheses of (.+-.)-dehydrotubifoline and (.+-.)-akuammicine. J Am Chem Soc 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ja00063a016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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35
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Lark MW, Stroup GB, James IE, Dodds RA, Hwang SM, Blake SM, Lechowska BA, Hoffman SJ, Smith BR, Kapadia R, Liang X, Erhard K, Ru Y, Dong X, Marquis RW, Veber D, Gowen M. A potent small molecule, nonpeptide inhibitor of cathepsin K (SB 331750) prevents bone matrix resorption in the ovariectomized rat. Bone 2002; 30:746-53. [PMID: 11996914 DOI: 10.1016/s8756-3282(02)00675-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of the cyteine proteinase, cathepsin K (E.C. 3.4.22.38) has been postulated as a means to control osteoclast-mediated bone resorption. The preferred animal models for evaluation of antiresorptive activity are in the rat. However, the development of compounds that inhibit rat cathepsin K has proven difficult because the human and rat enzymes differ in key residues in the active site. In this study, a potent, nonpeptide inhibitor of rat cathepsin K (K(i) = 4.7 nmol/L), 5-(2-morpholin-4-yl-ethoxy)-benzofuran-2-carboxylic acid ((S)-3-methyl-1-(3-oxo-1-[2-(3-pyridin-2-yl-phenyl)-ethenoyl]-azepan-4-ylcarbanoyl)-butyl)-amide (SB 331750), is described, which is efficacious in rat models of bone resorption. SB 331750 potently inhibited human cathepsin K activity in vitro (K(i) = 0.0048 nmol/L) and was selective for human cathepsin K vs. cathepsins B (K(i) = 100 nmol/L), L (0.48 nmol/L), or S (K(i) = 14.3 nmol/L). In an in situ enzyme assay, SB 331750 inhibited osteoclast-associated cathepsin activity in tissue sections containing human osteoclasts (IC(50) approximately 60 nmol/L) and this translated into potent inhibition of human osteoclast-mediated bone resorption in vitro (IC(50) approximately 30 nmol/L). In vitro, SB 331750 partially, but dose-dependently, prevented the parathyroid hormone-induced hypercalcemia in an acute rat model of bone resorption. To evaluate the ability of SB 331750 to inhibit bone matrix degradation in vivo, it was administered for 4 weeks at 3, 10, or 30 mg/kg, intraperitoneally (i.p.), u.i.d. in the ovariectomized (ovx) rat. Both 10 and 30 mg/kg doses of compound prevented the ovx-induced elevation in urinary deoxypyridinoline and prevented the ovx-induced increase in percent eroded perimeter. Histological evaluation of the bones from compound-treated animals indicated that SB 331750 retarded bone matrix degradation in vivo at all three doses. The inhibition of bone resorption at the 10 and 30 mg/kg doses resulted in prevention of the ovx-induced reduction in percent trabecular area, trabecular number, and increase in trabecular spacing. These effects on bone resorption were also reflected in inhibition of the ovx-induced loss in trabecular bone volume as assessed using microcomputerized tomography (microCT; approximately 60% at 30 mg/kg). Together, these data indicate that the cathepsin K inhibitor, SB 331750, prevented bone resorption in vivo and this inhibition resulted in prevention of ovariectomy-induced loss in trabecular structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Lark
- Department of Bone and Cartilage Biology, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, 709 Swedeland Road, PO Box 1539, King of Prussia, PA 19406, USA.
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36
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Stroup GB, Lark MW, Veber DF, Bhattacharyya A, Blake S, Dare LC, Erhard KF, Hoffman SJ, James IE, Marquis RW, Ru Y, Vasko-Moser JA, Smith BR, Tomaszek T, Gowen M. Potent and selective inhibition of human cathepsin K leads to inhibition of bone resorption in vivo in a nonhuman primate. J Bone Miner Res 2001; 16:1739-46. [PMID: 11585335 DOI: 10.1359/jbmr.2001.16.10.1739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cathepsin K is a cysteine protease that plays an essential role in osteoclast-mediated degradation of the organic matrix of bone. Knockout of the enzyme in mice, as well as lack of functional enzyme in the human condition pycnodysostosis, results in osteopetrosis. These results suggests that inhibition of the human enzyme may provide protection from bone loss in states of elevated bone turnover, such as postmenopausal osteoporosis. To test this theory, we have produced a small molecule inhibitor of human cathepsin K, SB-357114, that potently and selectively inhibits this enzyme (Ki = 0.16 nM). This compound potently inhibited cathepsin activity in situ, in human osteoclasts (inhibitor concentration [IC]50 = 70 nM) as well as bone resorption mediated by human osteoclasts in vitro (IC50 = 29 nM). Using SB-357114, we evaluated the effect of inhibition of cathepsin K on bone resorption in vivo using a nonhuman primate model of postmenopausal bone loss in which the active form of cathepsin K is identical to the human orthologue. A gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) was used to render cynomolgus monkeys estrogen deficient, which led to an increase in bone turnover. Treatment with SB-357114 (12 mg/kg subcutaneously) resulted in a significant reduction in serum markers of bone resorption relative to untreated controls. The effect was observed 1.5 h after the first dose and was maintained for 24 h. After 5 days of dosing, the reductions in N-terminal telopeptides (NTx) and C-terminal telopeptides (CTx) of type I collagen were 61% and 67%, respectively. A decrease in serum osteocalcin of 22% was also observed. These data show that inhibition of cathepsin K results in a significant reduction of bone resorption in vivo and provide further evidence that this may be a viable approach to the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- G B Stroup
- Department of Bone and Cartilage Biology, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406, USA
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37
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Marquis RW, Ru Y, LoCastro SM, Zeng J, Yamashita DS, Oh HJ, Erhard KF, Davis LD, Tomaszek TA, Tew D, Salyers K, Proksch J, Ward K, Smith B, Levy M, Cummings MD, Haltiwanger RC, Trescher G, Wang B, Hemling ME, Quinn CJ, Cheng HY, Lin F, Smith WW, Janson CA, Zhao B, McQueney MS, D'Alessio K, Lee CP, Marzulli A, Dodds RA, Blake S, Hwang SM, James IE, Gress CJ, Bradley BR, Lark MW, Gowen M, Veber DF. Azepanone-based inhibitors of human and rat cathepsin K. J Med Chem 2001; 44:1380-95. [PMID: 11311061 DOI: 10.1021/jm000481x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis, in vitro activities, and pharmacokinetics of a series of azepanone-based inhibitors of the cysteine protease cathepsin K (EC 3.4.22.38) are described. These compounds show improved configurational stability of the C-4 diastereomeric center relative to the previously published five- and six-membered ring ketone-based inhibitor series. Studies in this series have led to the identification of 20, a potent, selective inhibitor of human cathepsin K (K(i) = 0.16 nM) as well as 24, a potent inhibitor of both human (K(i) = 0.0048 nM) and rat (K(i,app) = 4.8 nM) cathepsin K. Small-molecule X-ray crystallographic analysis of 20 established the C-4 S stereochemistry as being critical for potent inhibition and that unbound 20 adopted the expected equatorial conformation for the C-4 substituent. Molecular modeling studies predicted the higher energy axial orientation at C-4 of 20 when bound within the active site of cathepsin K, a feature subsequently confirmed by X-ray crystallography. Pharmacokinetic studies in the rat show 20 to be 42% orally bioavailable. Comparison of the transport of the cyclic and acyclic analogues through CaCo-2 cells suggests that oral bioavailability of the acyclic derivatives is limited by a P-glycoprotein-mediated efflux mechanism. It is concluded that the introduction of a conformational constraint has served the dual purpose of increasing inhibitor potency by locking in a bioactive conformation as well as locking out available conformations which may serve as substrates for enzyme systems that limit oral bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- R W Marquis
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, GlaxoSmithKline, 709 Swedeland Road, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406, USA.
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38
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James IE, Marquis RW, Blake SM, Hwang SM, Gress CJ, Ru Y, Zembryki D, Yamashita DS, McQueney MS, Tomaszek TA, Oh HJ, Gowen M, Veber DF, Lark MW. Potent and selective cathepsin L inhibitors do not inhibit human osteoclast resorption in vitro. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:11507-11. [PMID: 11148212 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m010684200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cathepsins K and L are related cysteine proteases that have been proposed to play important roles in osteoclast-mediated bone resorption. To further examine the putative role of cathepsin L in bone resorption, we have evaluated selective and potent inhibitors of human cathepsin L and cathepsin K in an in vitro assay of human osteoclastic resorption and an in situ assay of osteoclast cathepsin activity. The potent selective cathepsin L inhibitors (K(i) = 0.0099, 0.034, and 0.27 nm) were inactive in both the in situ cytochemical assay (IC(50) > 1 micrometer) and the osteoclast-mediated bone resorption assay (IC(50) > 300 nm). Conversely, the cathepsin K selective inhibitor was potently active in both the cytochemical (IC(50) = 63 nm) and resorption (IC(50) = 71 nm) assays. A recently reported dipeptide aldehyde with activity against cathepsins L (K(i) = 0.052 nm) and K (K(i) = 1.57 nm) was also active in both assays (IC(50) = 110 and 115 nm, respectively) These data confirm that cathepsin K and not cathepsin L is the major protease responsible for human osteoclastic bone resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- I E James
- Departments of Bone and Cartilage Biology, Medicinal Chemistry, Protein Biochemistry, and Mechanistic Enzymology, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406, USA.
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39
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Marquis RW, Ru Y, Zeng J, Trout RE, LoCastro SM, Gribble AD, Witherington J, Fenwick AE, Garnier B, Tomaszek T, Tew D, Hemling ME, Quinn CJ, Smith WW, Zhao B, McQueney MS, Janson CA, D'Alessio K, Veber DF. Cyclic ketone inhibitors of the cysteine protease cathepsin K. J Med Chem 2001; 44:725-36. [PMID: 11262083 DOI: 10.1021/jm000320t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cathepsin K (EC 3.4.22.38), a cysteine protease of the papain superfamily, is predominantly expressed in osteoclasts and has been postulated as a target for the treatment of osteoporosis. Crystallographic and structure--activity studies on a series of acyclic ketone-based inhibitors of cathepsin K have led to the design and identification of two series of cyclic ketone inhibitors. The mode of binding for four of these cyclic and acyclic inhibitors to cathepsin K is discussed and compared. All of the structures are consistent with addition of the active site thiol to the ketone of the inhibitors with the formation of a hemithioketal. Cocrystallization of the C-3 diastereomeric 3-amidotetrahydrofuran-4-one analogue 16 with cathepsin K showed the inhibitor to occupy the unprimed side of the active site with the 3S diastereomer preferred. This C-3 stereochemical preference is in contrast to the X-ray cocrystal structures of the 3-amidopyrrolidin-4-one inhibitors 29 and 33 which show these inhibitors to prefer binding of the 3R diastereomer. The 3-amidopyrrolidin-4-one inhibitors were bound in the active site of the enzyme in two alternate directions. Epimerization issues associated with the labile alpha-amino ketone diastereomeric center contained within these inhibitor classes has proven to limit their utility despite promising pharmacokinetics displayed in both series of compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- R W Marquis
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406, USA.
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Leibowitz MD, Fiévet C, Hennuyer N, Peinado-Onsurbe J, Duez H, Bergera J, Cullinan CA, Sparrow CP, Baffic J, Berger GD, Santini C, Marquis RW, Tolman RL, Smith RG, Moller DE, Auwerx J. Activation of PPARdelta alters lipid metabolism in db/db mice. FEBS Lett 2000; 473:333-6. [PMID: 10818235 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(00)01554-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 260] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are nuclear receptors, which heterodimerize with the retinoid X receptor and bind to peroxisome proliferator response elements in the promoters of regulated genes. Despite the wealth of information available on the function of PPARalpha and PPARgamma, relatively little is known about the most widely expressed PPAR subtype, PPARdelta. Here we show that treatment of insulin resistant db/db mice with the PPARdelta agonist L-165041, at doses that had no effect on either glucose or triglycerides, raised total plasma cholesterol concentrations. The increased cholesterol was primarily associated with high density lipoprotein (HDL) particles, as shown by fast protein liquid chromatography analysis. These data were corroborated by the chemical analysis of the lipoproteins isolated by ultracentrifugation, demonstrating that treatment with L-165041 produced an increase in circulating HDL without major changes in very low or low density lipoproteins. White adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase activity was reduced following treatment with the PPARdelta ligand, but was increased by a PPARgamma agonist. These data suggest both that PPARdelta is involved in the regulation of cholesterol metabolism in db/db mice and that PPARdelta ligands could potentially have therapeutic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Leibowitz
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA.
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Marquis RW, Ru Y, Yamashita DS, Oh HJ, Yen J, Thompson SK, Carr TJ, Levy MA, Tomaszek TA, Ijames CF, Smith WW, Zhao B, Janson CA, Abdel-Meguid SS, D'Alessio KJ, McQueney MS, Veber DF. Potent dipeptidylketone inhibitors of the cysteine protease cathepsin K. Bioorg Med Chem 1999; 7:581-8. [PMID: 10353637 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(99)00011-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cathepsin K (EC 3.4.22.38) is a cysteine protease of the papain superfamily which is selectively expressed within the osteoclast. Several lines of evidence have pointed to the fact that this protease may play an important role in the degradation of the bone matrix. Potent and selective inhibitors of cathepsin K could be important therapeutic agents for the control of excessive bone resorption. Recently a series of peptide aldehydes have been shown to be potent inhibitors of cathepsin K. In an effort to design more selective and metabolically stable inhibitors of cathepsin K, a series of electronically attenuated alkoxymethylketones and thiomethylketones inhibitors have been synthesized. The X-ray co-crystal structure of one of these analogues in complex with cathepsin K shows the inhibitor binding in the primed side of the enzyme active site with a covalent interaction between the active site cysteine 25 and the carbonyl carbon of the inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- R W Marquis
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, King of Prussia, PA 19406, USA.
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Marquis RW, Yamashita DS, Ru Y, LoCastro SM, Oh HJ, Erhard KF, DesJarlais RL, Head MS, Smith WW, Zhao B, Janson CA, Abdel-Meguid SS, Tomaszek TA, Levy MA, Veber DF. Conformationally constrained 1,3-diamino ketones: a series of potent inhibitors of the cysteine protease cathepsin K. J Med Chem 1998; 41:3563-7. [PMID: 9733481 DOI: 10.1021/jm980295f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R W Marquis
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, 709 Swedeland Road, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406, USA
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Ponpipom MM, Girotra NN, Bugianesi RL, Roberts CD, Berger GD, Burk RM, Marquis RW, Parsons WH, Bartizal KF, Bergstom JD. Structure-activity relationships of C1 and C6 side chains of zaragozic acid A derivatives. J Med Chem 1994; 37:4031-51. [PMID: 7966163 DOI: 10.1021/jm00049a022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Systematic modification of the C6 acyl side chain of zaragozic acid A, a potent squalene synthase inhibitor, was undertaken to improve its biological activity. Simplification of the C6 side chain to the octanoyl ester has deleterious effects; increasing the linear chain length improves the in vitro activity up to the tetradecanoyl ester. An omega-phenoxy group is a better activity enhancer than an omega-phenyl group. A number of C6 carbamates, ethers, and carbonates were prepared and found to have similar activity profiles as the C6 esters. In the preparation of C6 ethers, C4 and C4,6 bisethers were also isolated; their relative activity is: C6 > C4 > C4,6. These C6 long-chain derivatives are subnanomolar squalene synthase inhibitors; they are, however, only weakly active in inhibiting hepatic cholesterol synthesis in mice. The C6 short-chain derivatives are much less active in vitro, but they all have improved oral activity in mice. Modification of the C1 alkyl side chain of the n-butanoyl analogue (ED50 4.5 mg/kg) did not improve the po activity further. A number of these C6 long-chain derivatives are also potent antifungal agents in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Ponpipom
- Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065
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Biftu T, Acton JJ, Berger GD, Bergstrom JD, Dufresne C, Kurtz MM, Marquis RW, Parsons WH, Rew DR, Wilson KE. Selective protection and relative importance of the carboxylic acid groups of zaragozic acid A for squalene synthase inhibition. J Med Chem 1994; 37:421-4. [PMID: 8308869 DOI: 10.1021/jm00029a015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Chemistry that allows selective modification of the carboxylic acid groups of the squalene synthase inhibitor zaragozic acid A (1) was developed and applied to the synthesis of compounds modified at the 3-,4-,5-,3,4-,3,5-, and 4,5-positions. A key step in this procedure is the selective debenzylation by transfer hydrogenolysis in the presence of other olefinic groups. These compounds were tested in the rat squalene synthase assay and in vivo mouse model. Modification at C3 retains significant enzyme potency and enhances oral activity, indicating that C3 is not essential for squalene synthase activity. Modification at C4 and C5 results in significant loss in enzyme activity. In contrast, substitution at C3 or C4 enhances in vivo activity. Furthermore, disubstitution at the C3 and C4 positions results in additive in vivo potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Biftu
- Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07090
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Chiang YCP, Biftu T, Doss GA, Plevyak SP, Marquis RW, Bergstrom JD, Kurtz MM, Rew DJ, Berger GD. Diesters of zaragozic acid A: Synthesis and biological activity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(01)81008-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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