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Ferreira JV, Pianetti GA, Fernandes C. BIOANALYTICAL METHOD BY COLUMN-SWITCHING WITH DIRECT INJECTION OF HUMAN PLASMA FOR DETERMINATION OF SULPHONYLUREAS. Drug Anal Res 2019. [DOI: 10.22456/2527-2616.91542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulphonylureas are widely used in the treatment of Diabetes mellitus, one of the main causes of death in human population. Their determination is essential in pharmacological research and in the development of new drugs. Generally, determination of sulphonylureas in biological matrices is performed using conventional sample preparation techniques, which frequently leads to an increase of analysis time and errors. In this context, a bioanalytical method for the simultaneous determination of sulphonylureas by direct injection of human plasma was developed and optimized. An automated column-switching high performance liquid chromatographic system with a restricted access media (RAM) column coupled to a fused-core column was employed. At the first dimension, a RAM column with mobile phase of ultrapure water pH 6.0 at a flow-rate of 1.0 mL min-1 was used. The valve switching time was 3 minutes. At the second dimension, a C18 guard-column coupled to a C18 fused core column with mobile phase of acetonitrile and 10 mM phosphate buffer pH 3.0 (54:46 v/v) at a flow-rate of 0.8 mL min-1 were employed. The column switching system was performed in backflush configuration with an analyte elution time of 1 minute. Flufenamic acid was used as the internal standard. The mean plasma protein exclusion percentage by the RAM-column was 104.5%. The developed and optimized method showed to be fast and simple, allowing the direct injection of biological sample into the chromatographic system and the simultaneous determination of three sulphonylureas in only 12 minutes, including the sample treatment, separation and detection.
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Franco PHC, Chellini PR, Oliveira MAL, Pianetti GA. Simultaneous Determination of First-Line 4-FDC Antituberculosis Drugs by UHPLC-UV and HPLC-UV: A Comparative Study. J AOAC Int 2017. [PMID: 28105975 DOI: 10.5740/jaoacinct.16-0200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis is the second most deadly infectiousdisease, surpassed only by HIV/AIDS, and hasresulted in over 1 billion deaths in the last200 years. The World Health Organization estimatesthat in 2014, 9.6 million people were infected bythis disease and 1.5 million had died. First-choicetreatment consists of fixed-dose combinationtablets containing rifampicin, isoniazid,pyrazinamide, and ethambutol hydrochloride(4-FDC). There are pharmacopeial protocolsavailable to test 4-FDC, but they are prolonged,two-step methods. One single-step method in theliterature performs the simultaneous determinationby HPLC, but requires a long acquisition time.In this context, an ultra-HPLC (UHPLC) methodwas developed based on the HPLC method withthe objective of reducing analysis time.A C18 column (1.9 μm particle size) was used withUV-diode-array detection at 238 and 282 nm. Themethod was found to be selective, linear, exact,precise, and robust. Samples from two batcheswere analyzed and the results compared with thoseobtained by the HPLC method, with no statisticallysignificant differences observed (<em>P</em> > 0.05). ThisUHPLC method reduced the analysis time from17 to 4 min, with a more than 90% reduction insample and reagent consumption and a financialeconomy of almost 50-fold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro H C Franco
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Faculdade de Farmácia, Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos 6627, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Paula R Chellini
- Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Faculdade de Farmácia, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Rua José Lourenço Kelmer, 36036-900 Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Marcone A L Oliveira
- Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Departamento de Química, Rua José Lourenço Kelmer, 36036- 900 Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Gerson A Pianetti
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Faculdade de Farmácia, Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos 6627, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Miranda LF, Gomes KB, Tito PA, Silveira JN, Pianetti GA, Byrro RM, Peles PR, Pereira FH, Santos TR, Assini AG, Ribeiro VV, Moraes EN, Caramelli P. Clinical Response to Donepezil in Mild and Moderate Dementia: Relationship to Drug Plasma Concentration and CYP2D6 and APOE Genetic Polymorphisms. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 55:539-549. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-160164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Luís F.J.R. Miranda
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte (MG), Brasil
| | - Karina B. Gomes
- Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte (MG), Brasil
| | - Pedro A.L. Tito
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte (MG), Brasil
| | - Josianne N. Silveira
- Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte (MG), Brasil
| | - Gerson A. Pianetti
- Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte (MG), Brasil
| | - Ricardo M.D. Byrro
- Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte (MG), Brasil
| | - Patrícia R.H. Peles
- Serviço de Neurologia do Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte (MG), Brasil
| | - Fernando H. Pereira
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte (MG), Brasil
| | - Thiago R. Santos
- Instituto de Ciências Exatas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte (MG), Brasil
| | - Arthur G. Assini
- Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte (MG), Brasil
| | - Valéria V. Ribeiro
- Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte (MG), Brasil
| | - Edgar N. Moraes
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte (MG), Brasil
- Serviço de Geriatria do Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte (MG), Brasil
| | - Paulo Caramelli
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte (MG), Brasil
- Serviço de Neurologia do Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte (MG), Brasil
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Miranda LFJR, Gomes KB, Silveira JN, Pianetti GA, Byrro RMD, Peles PRH, Pereira FH, Santos TR, Assini AG, Ribeiro VV, Tito PAL, Matoso RO, Lima TOL, Moraes EN, Caramelli P. Predictive factors of clinical response to cholinesterase inhibitors in mild and moderate Alzheimer's disease and mixed dementia: a one-year naturalistic study. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 45:609-20. [PMID: 25589728 DOI: 10.3233/jad-142148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Naturalistic studies evaluate individuals in their usual way of living, presenting more "real-life" data regarding patients and their diseases. OBJECTIVE To investigate demographic, clinical, and genetic factors that could be predictive of good response to cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEI) treatment in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and AD + cerebrovascular disease (CVD). PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 129 patients were diagnosed with AD or AD + CVD and with mild-to-moderate dementia. After a 12-month treatment, 97 patients completed the study. They were evaluated at baseline and after three, six, and 12 months of ChEI (donepezil or rivastigmine or galantamine) use. APOE genotype and CYP2D6 polymorphisms were determined for all of the participants. In each visit, we used cognitive, functional, mood, and behavior scales. We classified patients according to their scores in the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Good responders were defined as those scoring ≥2 in the MMSE at 12 months. RESULTS The rate of good clinical response was 27.8%. In a longitudinal analysis, the patients with mild AD and also good responders at three months were considered to be good responders at 12 months. There was no correlation between ChEI dose, APOE and CYP2D6 polymorphisms, and the pattern of clinical response. CONCLUSION A higher rate of good response was observed in this study compared to that in previous investigations. The pharmacogenetic aspects do not seem to have an influence in the response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís F J R Miranda
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte (MG), Brasil
| | - Karina B Gomes
- Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte (MG), Brasil
| | - Josianne N Silveira
- Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte (MG), Brasil
| | - Gerson A Pianetti
- Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte (MG), Brasil
| | - Ricardo M D Byrro
- Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte (MG), Brasil
| | - Patrícia R H Peles
- Serviço de Neurologia do Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte (MG), Brasil
| | - Fernando H Pereira
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte (MG), Brasil
| | - Thiago R Santos
- Instituto de Ciências Exatas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte (MG), Brasil
| | - Arthur G Assini
- Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte (MG), Brasil
| | - Valéria V Ribeiro
- Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte (MG), Brasil
| | - Pedro A L Tito
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte (MG), Brasil
| | - Rafael O Matoso
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte (MG), Brasil
| | - Thiago O L Lima
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte (MG), Brasil
| | - Edgar N Moraes
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte (MG), Brasil Serviço de Geriatria do Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte (MG), Brasil
| | - Paulo Caramelli
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte (MG), Brasil Serviço de Neurologia do Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte (MG), Brasil
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Godin AM, Araújo DP, César IC, Menezes RR, Brito AMS, Melo ISF, Coura GME, Bastos LFS, Almeida MO, Byrro RMD, Matsui TC, Batista CRA, Pianetti GA, de Fátima Â, Machado RR, Coelho MM. Activities of 2-phthalimidethyl nitrate and 2-phthalimidethanol in the models of nociceptive response and edema induced by formaldehyde in mice and preliminary investigation of the underlying mechanisms. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 756:59-66. [PMID: 25794846 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.02.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Revised: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The activities of 2-phthalimidethyl nitrate (PTD-NO) and 2-phthalimidethanol (PTD-OH) were recently demonstrated in models of pain and inflammation. We expanded our investigation by evaluating their activities in models of nociceptive and inflammatory pain and inflammatory edema, the preliminary pharmacokinetic parameter for PTD-NO and the role of opioid and cannabinoid pathways in the activity of analogs. Per os (p.o.) administration of PTD-NO or PTD-OH, 1h before intraplantar injection of formaldehyde, inhibited both phases of the nociceptive response (500 and 750 mg/kg) and paw edema (125, 250, 500 and 750 mg/kg). After p.o. administration of PTD-NO, peak plasma concentrations of PTD-NO and PTD-OH were found 0.92 and 1.13 h, respectively. The plasma concentrations of PTD-NO were higher than those of PTD-OH. Intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of CB1 (AM251) or CB2 (AM630) cannabinoid receptor antagonists (4 or 8 mg/kg, -30 min) or opioid antagonist naltrexone (5 or 10mg/kg, -30 min) did not affect the antinociceptive activities of the analogs. AM251 (8 mg/kg, i.p., -30 min) attenuated the antiedematogenic activity of both analogs, while naltrexone (10mg/kg, i.p., -30 min) only attenuated the antiedematogenic activity of PTD-NO. The antiedematogenic activities of both analogs were not affected by the CB2 cannabinoid antagonist AM630 (4 or 8 mg/kg, i.p., -30 min). Concluding, we expanded the knowledge on the activities of PTD-NO and PTD-OH by showing that these phthalimide analogs also exhibit marked activity in models of nociceptive and inflammatory pain and inflammatory edema. Opioid and cannabinoid mechanisms partially mediate the anti-inflammatory, but not the antinociceptive activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana M Godin
- Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha CEP, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Débora P Araújo
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha CEP, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Isabela C César
- Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha CEP, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Raquel R Menezes
- Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha CEP, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ana Mercy S Brito
- Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha CEP, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ivo S F Melo
- Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha CEP, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Giovanna M E Coura
- Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha CEP, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Leandro F S Bastos
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha CEP, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mariana O Almeida
- Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha CEP, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ricardo M D Byrro
- Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha CEP, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Tamires C Matsui
- Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha CEP, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Carla R A Batista
- Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha CEP, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Gerson A Pianetti
- Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha CEP, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ângelo de Fátima
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha CEP, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Renes R Machado
- Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha CEP, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Márcio M Coelho
- Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha CEP, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Miranda TA, Silva PHR, Pianetti GA, César IC. Simultaneous quantitation of chloroquine and primaquine by UPLC-DAD and comparison with a HPLC-DAD method. Malar J 2015; 14:29. [PMID: 25626728 PMCID: PMC4318193 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-015-0570-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chloroquine and primaquine are the first-line treatment recommended by World Health Organization for malaria caused by Plasmodium vivax. Since the problem of counterfeit or substandard anti-malarials is well established all over the world, the development of rapid and reliable methods for quality control analysis of these drugs is essential. Thus, the aim of this study was to develop and validate a novel UPLC-DAD method for simultaneously quantifying chloroquine and primaquine in tablet formulations. Methods The UPLC separation was carried out using a Hypersil C18 column (50 × 2.1 mm id; 1.9 μm particle size) and a mobile phase composed of acetonitrile (A) and 0.1% aqueous triethylamine, pH 3.0 adjusted with phosphoric acid (B), at a flow rate 0.6 mL/min. Gradient elution was employed. UV detection was performed at 260 nm. UPLC method was fully validated and the results were compared to a conventional HPLC-DAD method for the analysis of chloroquine and primaquine in tablet formulations. Results UPLC method was shown to be linear (r2 > 0.99), precise (CV < 2.0%), accurate (recovery rates from 98.11 to 99.83%), specific, and robust. No significant differences were observed between the chloroquine and primaquine contents obtained by UPLC and HPLC methods. However, UPLC method promoted faster analyses, better chromatographic performance and lower solvent consumption. Conclusions The developed UPLC method was shown to be a rapid and suitable technique to quantify chloroquine and primaquine in pharmaceutical preparations and may be successfully employed for quality control analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Isabela C César
- Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av Pres Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, MG, Brazil.
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Magalhães SMS, Brêtas CM, Brêtas JM, Pianetti GA, Franco MW, Barbosa FAR. Toxic concentrations of metronidazole to Microcystis protocystis. BRAZ J BIOL 2014; 74:S120-4. [DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.03513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobials are among the most commonly used drugs and have become a class of contaminants with great environmental importance. Metronidazole is an antimicrobial used for the therapeutic management of several human diseases. The toxicity of antimicrobials on aquatic species may affect sensitive microorganisms and reduce metabolic processes. Cyanobacteria is a group of organisms that are of great ecological importance in aquatic environments. Studies indicate that cyanobacteria are very sensitive to some antimicrobials. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the effects of metronidazole contamination on phytoplankton. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of metronidazole on the growth of the cyanobacterium Microcystis protocystis and to evaluate the stability of this antimicrobial agent in the culture medium over a period of 96 hours. M. protocystis was resistant to growth inhibition by metronidazole. The EC50 of this antimicrobial for M. protocystis was 117.3 mg L–1. Under the growth inhibition test conditions, neither a significant change in the MNZ concentration nor the presence of drug metabolites or degradation products was observed. These results indicate low cellular uptake of the antimicrobial agent and its persistence in the culture medium.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - CM Brêtas
- Federal University of Minas Gerais – UFMG, Brazil
| | - JM Brêtas
- Federal University of Minas Gerais – UFMG, Brazil
| | - GA Pianetti
- Federal University of Minas Gerais – UFMG, Brazil
| | - MW Franco
- Federal University of Minas Gerais – UFMG, Brazil
| | - FAR Barbosa
- Federal University of Minas Gerais – UFMG, Brazil
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César IC, Godin AM, Araujo DP, Oliveira FC, Menezes RR, Santos JR, Almeida MO, Dutra MM, Santos DA, Machado RR, Pianetti GA, Coelho MM, de Fátima Â. Synthesis, antinociceptive activity and pharmacokinetic profiles of nicorandil and its isomers. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:2783-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Revised: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Pribluda VS, Barojas A, Añez A, López CG, Figueroa R, Herrera R, Nakao G, Nogueira FH, Pianetti GA, Povoa MM, Viana GM, Gomes MSM, Escobar JP, Sierra OLM, Norena SPR, Veloz R, Bravo MS, Aldás MR, Hindssemple A, Collins M, Ceron N, Krishnalall K, Adhin M, Bretas G, Hernandez N, Mendoza M, Smine A, Chibwe K, Lukulay P, Evans L. Implementation of basic quality control tests for malaria medicines in Amazon Basin countries: results for the 2005-2010 period. Malar J 2012; 11:202. [PMID: 22704680 PMCID: PMC3433375 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2875-11-202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2012] [Accepted: 06/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ensuring the quality of malaria medicines is crucial in working toward malaria control and eventual elimination. Unlike other validated tests that can assess all critical quality attributes, which is the standard for determining the quality of medicines, basic tests are significantly less expensive, faster, and require less skilled labour; yet, these tests provide reproducible data and information on several critical quality attributes, such as identity, purity, content, and disintegration. Visual and physical inspection also provides valuable information about the manufacturing and the labelling of medicines, and in many cases this inspection is sufficient to detect counterfeit medicines. The Promoting the Quality of Medicines (PQM) programme has provided technical assistance to Amazon Malaria Initiative (AMI) countries to implement the use of basic tests as a key screening mechanism to assess the quality of malaria medicines available to patients in decentralized regions. Methods Trained personnel from the National Malaria Control Programmes (NMCPs), often in collaboration with country’s Official Medicine Control Laboratory (OMCL), developed country- specific protocols that encompassed sampling methods, sample analysis, and data reporting. Sampling sites were selected based on malaria burden, accessibility, and geographical location. Convenience sampling was performed and countries were recommended to store the sampled medicines under conditions that did not compromise their quality. Basic analytical tests, such as disintegration and thin layer chromatography (TLC), were performed utilizing a portable mini-laboratory. Results Results were originally presented at regional meetings in a non-standardized format that lacked relevant medicines information. However, since 2008 information has been submitted utilizing a template specifically developed by PQM for that purpose. From 2005 to 2010, the quality of 1,663 malaria medicines from seven AMI countries was evaluated, mostly collected from the public sector, 1,445/1,663 (86.9%). Results indicate that 193/1,663 (11.6%) were found not to meet quality specifications. Most failures were reported during visual and physical inspection, 142/1663 (8.5%), and most of these were due to expired medicines, 118/142 (83.1%). Samples failing TLC accounted for 27/1,663 (1.6%) and those failing disintegration accounted for 24/1,663 (1.4%). Medicines quality failures decreased significantly during the last two years. Conclusions Basic tests revealed that the quality of medicines in the public sector improved over the years, since the implementation of this type of quality monitoring programme in 2005. However, the lack of consistent confirmatory tests in the quality control (QC) laboratory, utilizing methods that can also evaluate additional quality attributes, could still mask quality issues. In the future, AMI countries should improve coordination with their health authorities and their QC lab consistently, to provide a more complete picture of malaria medicines quality and support the implementation of corrective actions. Facilities in the private and informal sectors also should be included when these sectors constitute an important source of medicines used by malaria patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor S Pribluda
- Promoting the Quality of Medicines Program, United States Pharmacopeia, Rockville, MD 20852, USA.
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Santos VGD, Alves RJ, Eberlin MN, Pianetti GA, César IC. Electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry of the two main antimalarial drugs: artemether and lumefantrine. J BRAZIL CHEM SOC 2012. [DOI: 10.1590/s0103-50532012000100010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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De Castro WV, Pires MAS, Oliveira MA, Vianna-Soares CD, Nunan EA, Pianetti GA, Moreira-Campos LM, De Castro WV, Mertens-Talcott SU, Derendorf H. The Influence of Formulation on the Dissolution Profile of Diclofenac Sodium Tablets. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2008; 32:1103-9. [PMID: 17012123 DOI: 10.1080/03639040600815152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In attempts to design delayed-release tablets of diclofenac sodium, seven experimental batches were produced. The influence of super-disintegrant croscarmellose sodium (CCS), the granulation process, and the thickness of Eudragit L 100 coating film were evaluated. The values of dissolution efficiency and the similarity factor were used to compare the dissolution profiles of each experimental batch and the reference Voltaren. Both methods appear to be applicable and useful in comparing dissolution profiles. Based on such values four batches were considered similar when contrasted with the reference. The results suggest an optimal relationship between the amount of CCS and the thickness of the coating film, which provides appropriate dissolution rate of diclofenac sodium from the dosage forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- W V De Castro
- Fundação Ezequiel Dias. Rua Conde Pereira Carneiro 80, CEP 30610-150, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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Carvalho-Silva B, Moreira-Campos LM, Nunan EA, Vianna-Soares CD, Araujo-Alves BL, Cesar IC, Pianetti GA. Optimization and statistical evaluation of dissolution tests for indinavir sulfate capsules. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 59:921-7. [PMID: 15544798 DOI: 10.1016/j.farmac.2004.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2004] [Accepted: 08/07/2004] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
An optimization, statistically based on t-student test, to set up dissolution test conditions for indinavir sulfate capsules is presented. Three dissolution media, including that reported in United States Pharmacopeial Forum, and two apparatus, paddle and basket, were applied. Two different indinavir sulfate capsules, products A and B, were evaluated. For a reliable statistical analysis eighteen capsules were assayed in each condition based on the combination of dissolution medium and apparatus. All tested media were statistically equivalent (P > 0.05) for both drug products when paddle apparatus was employed at the stirring speed of 50 rpm. The use of basket apparatus at the stirring speed of 50 rpm caused significant decrease in the drug release percent for the product B (P < 0.05). The best dissolution conditions tested, for products A and B, were applied to evaluate capsules dissolution profiles. Twelve dosage units were assayed and dissolution efficiency concept was used, for each condition, to obtain results with statistical significance (P > 0.05). Optimal conditions to carry out the dissolution test were 900 ml of 0.1 M hydrochloric acid as dissolution medium, basket at 100 rpm stirring speed and 260 nm ultraviolet detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Carvalho-Silva
- Laboratório de Controle de Qualidade de Produtos Farmacêuticos e Cosméticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Pampulha 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
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Baillet A, Pianetti GA, Taverna M, Mahuzier G, Baylocq-Ferrier D. Fosfomycin determination in serum by capillary zone electrophoresis with indirect ultraviolet detection. J Chromatogr 1993; 616:311-6. [PMID: 8376512 DOI: 10.1016/0378-4347(93)80400-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Capillary zone electrophoresis with indirect ultraviolet detection was used for the determination of fosfomycin in serum. Running buffer consisted of a mixture of 200 mM sodium borate with 10 mM phenylphosphonic acid used as ultraviolet absorbing background electrolyte. Relationships between the pH of the buffer and the efficiency of the separation (migration times and selectivities) or the sensitivity of detection were investigated. The method was then validated over a 10-100 micrograms ml-1 concentration range to be applied to further therapeutic drug monitoring. The choice of ethylphosphonic acid as internal standard is discussed. The specificity and the linearity of the technique are demonstrated. The inter-day precision was satisfactory with a relative standard deviation of less than 2%. Accuracy was calculated with a standard error near 0.5 and 18% for 100 and 10 micrograms ml-1, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Baillet
- Laboratoires de Chimie Analytique, Faculté de Pharmacie, Châtenay-Malabry, France
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