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Chong ACN, Vandana JJ, Jeng G, Li G, Meng Z, Duan X, Zhang T, Qiu Y, Duran-Struuck R, Coker K, Wang W, Li Y, Min Z, Zuo X, de Silva N, Chen Z, Naji A, Hao M, Liu C, Chen S. Checkpoint kinase 2 controls insulin secretion and glucose homeostasis. Nat Chem Biol 2024; 20:566-576. [PMID: 37945898 PMCID: PMC11062908 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-023-01466-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
After the discovery of insulin, a century ago, extensive work has been done to unravel the molecular network regulating insulin secretion. Here we performed a chemical screen and identified AZD7762, a compound that potentiates glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) of a human β cell line, healthy and type 2 diabetic (T2D) human islets and primary cynomolgus macaque islets. In vivo studies in diabetic mouse models and cynomolgus macaques demonstrated that AZD7762 enhances GSIS and improves glucose tolerance. Furthermore, genetic manipulation confirmed that ablation of CHEK2 in human β cells results in increased insulin secretion. Consistently, high-fat-diet-fed Chk2-/- mice show elevated insulin secretion and improved glucose clearance. Finally, untargeted metabolic profiling demonstrated the key role of the CHEK2-PP2A-PLK1-G6PD-PPP pathway in insulin secretion. This study successfully identifies a previously unknown insulin secretion regulating pathway that is conserved across rodents, cynomolgus macaques and human β cells in both healthy and T2D conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angie Chi Nok Chong
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, NY, USA
- Center for Genomic Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, NY, USA
| | - J Jeya Vandana
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, NY, USA
- Center for Genomic Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, NY, USA
- Tri-Institutional PhD Program in Chemical Biology, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Ginnie Jeng
- Department of Urology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Ge Li
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, NY, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bronx Community College, City University of New York, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Zihe Meng
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, NY, USA
- Center for Genomic Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Xiaohua Duan
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, NY, USA
- Center for Genomic Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Tuo Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Yunping Qiu
- Department of Medicine, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Raimon Duran-Struuck
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kimberly Coker
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yanjing Li
- Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Zaw Min
- Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Xi Zuo
- Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Neranjan de Silva
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Zhengming Chen
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Ali Naji
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mingming Hao
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Chengyang Liu
- Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Shuibing Chen
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, NY, USA.
- Center for Genomic Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, NY, USA.
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Beland L, Jeng G, Aibel K, Aro T, Kreshover JE. Authorship in Urology: A Gender Reveal. Urology 2023; 172:224-227. [PMID: 36535363 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2022.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate female author representation in urologic literature as compared to the proportion of female practicing urologists. METHODS A cross-sectional study was designed to analyze trends in women authorship of urology publications in 2019 as compared to AUA 2019 census data. The 5 highest impact urologic journals in 2019 were identified using the publicly available SCImago Journal Rank (SJR) indices. Author genders and study categorization were independently determined by 2 authors. Chi-squared test was used for statistical analyses. RESULTS The 5 highest impact urologic journals in 2019 as per SJR were European Urology, Journal of Urology, British Journal of Urology International, Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Diseases, and Nature Reviews Urology. A total of 501 publications were included for analysis. Women comprised 22.1% of first authors and 14.6% of senior authors. The proportion of publications authored by women was significantly higher than would be expected based on population proportions from the AUA 2019 census data for women as both first (P < .0001) and senior author (P =.0005). Similarly, women authorship was significantly higher than expected for basic science (P < .0001), clinical medicine (P <.0001), economics/practice management (P =.0002), editorial (P =.0027), and review/meta-analysis (P <.0001) publications. CONCLUSION The present study demonstrates that women contribute to the urologic literature significantly more than would be expected based on the proportion of practicing female urologists. However, with the persistence of gender gap in academic medicine promotions, further research into contributing factors and strategies for improvement are needed to promote greater women representation in academia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah Beland
- Northwell Health - The Smith Institute for Urology, New Hyde Park, NY.
| | - Ginnie Jeng
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY
| | - Kelli Aibel
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY
| | - Tareq Aro
- Northwell Health - The Smith Institute for Urology, New Hyde Park, NY; Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY
| | - Jessica E Kreshover
- Northwell Health - The Smith Institute for Urology, New Hyde Park, NY; Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY
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Robinson CL, Chong ACN, Ashbrook AW, Jeng G, Jin J, Chen H, Tang EI, Martin LA, Kim RS, Kenyon RM, Do E, Luna JM, Saeed M, Zeltser L, Ralph H, Dudley VL, Goldstein M, Rice CM, Cheng CY, Seandel M, Chen S. Male germ cells support long-term propagation of Zika virus. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2090. [PMID: 29844387 PMCID: PMC5974187 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04444-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence of male-to-female sexual transmission of Zika virus (ZIKV) and viral RNA in semen and sperm months after infection supports a potential role for testicular cells in ZIKV propagation. Here, we demonstrate that germ cells (GCs) are most susceptible to ZIKV. We found that only GCs infected by ZIKV, but not those infected by dengue virus and yellow fever virus, produce high levels of infectious virus. This observation coincides with decreased expression of interferon-stimulated gene Ifi44l in ZIKV-infected GCs, and overexpression of Ifi44l results in reduced ZIKV production. Using primary human testicular tissue, we demonstrate that human GCs are also permissive for ZIKV infection and production. Finally, we identified berberine chloride as a potent inhibitor of ZIKV infection in both murine and human testes. Together, these studies identify a potential cellular source for propagation of ZIKV in testes and a candidate drug for preventing sexual transmission of ZIKV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher L Robinson
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Angie C N Chong
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Alison W Ashbrook
- Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, Center for the Study of Hepatitis C, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Ginnie Jeng
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Julia Jin
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Haiqi Chen
- The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Elizabeth I Tang
- The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Laura A Martin
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Rosa S Kim
- Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Reyn M Kenyon
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Eileen Do
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Joseph M Luna
- Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, Center for the Study of Hepatitis C, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Mohsan Saeed
- Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, Center for the Study of Hepatitis C, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Lori Zeltser
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Harold Ralph
- Weill Cornell Medical College-Microscopy and Image Analysis Core Facility, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Vanessa L Dudley
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine at Weill Cornell Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Marc Goldstein
- Department of Urology and Institute for Reproductive Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Charles M Rice
- Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, Center for the Study of Hepatitis C, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - C Yan Cheng
- The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
| | - Marco Seandel
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
| | - Shuibing Chen
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA. .,Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
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Jeng G, Hines S. PO2-1ALCOHOL USE AMONG EPILEPTICS IN DRY VS. WET NATIVE ALASKAN VILLAGES: DOES PROHIBITION WORK? Alcohol Alcohol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agx074.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Chang J, Boulet S, Jeng G, Flowers L, Kissin D. Outcomes of in vitro fertilization with preimplantation genetic diagnosis: an analysis of U.S. assisted reproductive technology surveillance data, 2011-2012. Fertil Steril 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2015.07.870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Sunderam S, Sentelle G, Chang J, Durant T, Jeng G. Comparing assisted reproductive technology (ART) patient characteristics and treatment outcomes for US residents and non-residents with poor prognoses: an analysis of US surveillance data, 2004-2007. Fertil Steril 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2009.07.1245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Jeng G, Macaluso M, Chang J, Sunderam M. Who can benefit from single embryo transfer? Expanding the ASRM/SART criteria for single embryo transferred. Fertil Steril 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.07.1601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Keenan J, Chang J, Finger R, Jeng G, Cornman K, Macaluso M. National surveillance data confirm favorable outcome rates from embryo donation. Fertil Steril 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.07.496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Jeng G, Sunderam M, Chang J, Macaluso M. Is expanded use of ICSI making a difference? An analysis of national surveillance data, 2004–2006. Fertil Steril 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.07.787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Chang J, Jeng G, Macaluso M. Outcomes of in vitro fertilization with preimplantation genetic diagnosis: analysis of U.S. surveillance data, 2004-2006. Fertil Steril 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.07.1001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Jeng G, Farr S, Chang J, Macaluso M. Assessing the real advantage of day-5 embryo transfer requires taking into account cycle failure prior to transfer: an analysis of U.S. surveillance data, 2004–2006. Fertil Steril 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.07.461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Abstract
Multiple birth, which is associated with adverse fetal, infant, and maternal outcomes, is increasingly related to the use of in vitro fertilization (IVF). Among women undergoing IVF who use their own eggs, greater maternal age is associated with decreased risk of multiple birth; using donor eggs from younger women may negate this age effect. Data from 6,936 IVF procedures performed in the United States in 1996-1997 on women aged 35-54 years who used donor eggs were analyzed to assess the effect of maternal age, number of embryos transferred, and cryopreservation of extra, nontransferred embryos (an indicator of higher embryo quality) on risk of multiple birth. Greater maternal age did not decrease multiple-birth risk. Rates of multiple birth were related to number of embryos transferred and whether extra embryos had been cryopreserved, and they were high compared with those of IVF patients the same age who had used their own eggs. Among women who had extra embryos cryopreserved, transferring more than two embryos increased multiple-birth risk, with no corresponding increase in the chance for a livebirth. These results highlight the need to consider the age of the donor and embryo quality when making embryo transfer decisions involving use of donor eggs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Reynolds
- Epidemic Intelligence Service, Division of Applied Public Health Training, Epidemiology Program Office, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341-3717, USA.
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Peterson HB, Jeng G, Folger SG, Hillis SA, Marchbanks PA, Wilcox LS. The risk of menstrual abnormalities after tubal sterilization. U.S. Collaborative Review of Sterilization Working Group. N Engl J Med 2000; 343:1681-7. [PMID: 11106717 DOI: 10.1056/nejm200012073432303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The existence of a post-tubal-ligation syndrome of menstrual abnormalities has been debated for decades. We used data from the U.S. Collaborative Review of Sterilization to determine whether the likelihood of persistent menstrual abnormalities was greater among women who had undergone tubal sterilization than among women who had not. METHODS A total of 9514 women who underwent tubal sterilization and 573 women whose partners underwent vasectomy were followed in a multicenter, prospective cohort study for up to five years by means of annual telephone interviews. All women were asked the same questions about six characteristics of their menstrual cycles in the presterilization and follow-up interviews. Multiple logistic-regression analysis was used to assess the risk of persistent menstrual changes. RESULTS The women who had undergone sterilization were no more likely than those who had not undergone the procedure to report persistent changes in intermenstrual bleeding or the length of the menstrual cycle. They were more likely to have decreases in the number of days of bleeding (odds ratio, 2.4; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.1 to 5.2), the amount of bleeding (odds ratio, 1.5; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.1 to 2.0), and menstrual pain (odds ratio, 1.3; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.0 to 1.8) and to have an increase in cycle irregularity (odds ratio, 1.6; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.1 to 2.3). Among women who had had very heavy bleeding at base line, women who had undergone sterilization were more likely than women who had not undergone the procedure to report decreased bleeding (45 percent vs. 33 percent, P=0.03). CONCLUSIONS Women who have undergone tubal sterilization are no more likely than other women to have menstrual abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- H B Peterson
- Division of Reproductive Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341-3724, USA
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Schmidt JE, Hillis SD, Marchbanks PA, Jeng G, Peterson HB. Requesting information about and obtaining reversal after tubal sterilization: findings from the U.S. Collaborative Review of Sterilization. Fertil Steril 2000; 74:892-8. [PMID: 11056229 DOI: 10.1016/s0015-0282(00)01558-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the cumulative probabilities over 14 y of requesting information on sterilization reversal and of obtaining a reversal and to identify risk factors observable at sterilization for both measures of regret. DESIGN The U.S. Collaborative Review of Sterilization, a prospective cohort study. SETTING Fifteen medical centers in 9 cities. PATIENT(S) 11,232 women. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Cumulative probabilities of requesting information on reversal and undergoing reversal. RESULT(S) The 14-y cumulative probability of requesting reversal information was 14.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 12.4%-16.3%). Among women aged 18 to 24 y at sterilization, the cumulative probability was 40.4% (95% CI, 31.6%-49.2%). Women aged 18 to 24 y were almost 4 times as likely to request reversal information as were women > or = 30 years of age (adjusted rate ratio [RR], 3.5; 95% CI, 2.8-4.4). Number of living children was not associated with requesting reversal information. The overall cumulative probability of obtaining reversal was 1.1% (95% CI, 0.5-1.6). Younger women (18 to 30 y) were more likely to obtain reversal (RR, 7.6; 95% CI, 3.2-18.3). CONCLUSION(S) Women who were sterilized at a young age had a high chance of later requesting information about reversal, regardless of their number of living children.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Schmidt
- Epidemic Intelligence Service (EIS), Division of Applied Public Health Training, Epidemiology Program Office, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, USA
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15
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Schieve LA, Meikle SF, Peterson HB, Jeng G, Burnett NM, Wilcox LS. Does assisted hatching pose a risk for monozygotic twinning in pregnancies conceived through in vitro fertilization? Fertil Steril 2000; 74:288-94. [PMID: 10927046 DOI: 10.1016/s0015-0282(00)00602-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the association between assisted hatching and monozygotic (MZ) twinning. DESIGN Case-control. SETTING Population-based sample of IVF-ET cycles initiated in U.S. clinics, 1996. PATIENT(S) The IVF-ET (n = 35,503) cycles and 11,247 resultant pregnancies. INTERVENTION(S) Use of an assisted hatching procedure on embryos transferred. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Cases were pregnancies for which number of fetal hearts observed on ultrasound exceeded number of embryos transferred. These pregnancies were considered to contain at least one MZ set of twins. Cases were compared with two control groups: other multiple-gestation pregnancies (>/=2 fetal hearts but number of fetal hearts </= number of embryos transferred); and singleton pregnancies (1 fetal heart). RESULT(S) Women with a case pregnancy were more likely to have received embryos treated with assisted hatching procedures than were women in either control group. After adjustment for patient age, number of embryos transferred, prior cycles, infertility diagnosis, intracytoplasmic sperm injection, and whether embryos from the current cycle were cryopreserved for later use, odds ratios and 95% CIs for use of assisted hatching were 3.2 (1.2-8.0), compared with other multiple-gestation pregnancies, and 3.8 (1.8-9.8), compared with singleton pregnancies. CONCLUSION(S) Assisted hatching may pose a risk for MZ twinning.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Schieve
- Division of Reproductive Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, USA.
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16
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Abstract
CONTEXT To maximize birth rates, physicians who perform in vitro fertilization (IVF) often transfer multiple embryos, but this increases the multiple-birth risk. Live-birth and multiple-birth rates may vary by patient age and embryo quality. One marker for embryo quality is cryopreservation of extra embryos (if embryos are set aside for cryopreservation, higher quality embryos may have been available for transfer). OBJECTIVE To examine associations between the number of embryos transferred during IVF and live-birth and multiple-birth rates stratified by maternal age and whether extra embryos were available (ie, extra embryos cryopreserved). DESIGN AND SETTING Retrospective cohort of 300 US clinics reporting IVF transfer procedures to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in 1996. SUBJECTS A total of 35554 IVF transfer procedures. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Live-birth and multiple-birth rates (percentage of live births that were multiple). RESULTS A total number of 9873 live births were reported (multiple births from 1 pregnancy were counted as 1 live birth). The number of embryos needed to achieve maximum live- birth rates varied by age and whether extra embryos were cryopreserved. Among women 20 to 29 years and 30 to 34 years of age, maximum live-birth rates (43 % and 36%, respectively) were achieved when 2 embryos were transferred and extra embryos were cryopreserved. Among women 35 years of age and older, live-birth rates were lower overall and regardless of whether embryos were cryopreserved, live-birth rates increased if more than 2 embryos were transferred. Multiple-birth rates varied by age and the number of embryos transferred, but not by whether embryos were cryopreserved. With 2 embryos transferred, multiple-birth rates were 22.7%, 19.7%, 11.6%, and 10.8% for women aged 20 to 29, 30 to 34, 35 to 39, and 40 to 44 years, respectively. Multiple-birth rates increased as high as 45.7% for women aged 20 to 29 years and 39.8% for women aged 30 to 34 years if 3 embryos were transferred. Among women aged 35 to 39 years, the multiple-birth rate was 29.4% if 3 embryos were transferred. Among women 40 to 44 years of age, the multiple-birth rate was less than 25% even if 5 embryos were transferred. CONCLUSIONS Based on these data, the risk of multiple births from IVF varies by maternal age and number of embryos transferred. Embryo quality was not related to multiple birth risk but was associated with increased live-birth rates when fewer embryos were transferred.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Schieve
- Division of Reproductive Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA.
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La Spada AR, Peterson KR, Meadows SA, McClain ME, Jeng G, Chmelar RS, Haugen HA, Chen K, Singer MJ, Moore D, Trask BJ, Fischbeck KH, Clegg CH, McKnight GS. Androgen receptor YAC transgenic mice carrying CAG 45 alleles show trinucleotide repeat instability. Hum Mol Genet 1998; 7:959-67. [PMID: 9580659 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/7.6.959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
X-linked spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA) is caused by a CAG repeat expansion in the first exon of the androgen receptor (AR) gene. Disease-associated alleles (37-66 CAGs) change in length when transmitted from parents to offspring, with a significantly greater tendency to shift size when inherited paternally. As transgenic mice carrying human AR cDNAs with 45 and 66 CAG repeats do not display repeat instability, we attempted to model trinucleotide repeat instability by generating transgenic mice with yeast artificial chromosomes (YACs) carrying AR CAG repeat expansions in their genomic context. Studies of independent lines of AR YAC transgenic mice with CAG 45 alleles reveal intergenerational instability at an overall rate of approximately 10%. We also find that the 45 CAG repeat tracts are significantly more unstable with maternal transmission and as the transmitting mother ages. Of all the CAG/CTG repeat transgenic mice produced to date the AR YAC CAG 45 mice are unstable with the smallest trinucleotide repeat mutations, suggesting that the length threshold for repeat instability in the mouse may be lowered by including the appropriate flanking human DNA sequences. By sequence-tagged site content analysis and long range mapping we determined that one unstable transgenic line has integrated an approximately 70 kb segment of the AR locus due to fragmentation of the AR YAC. Identification of the cis -acting elements that permit CAG tract instability and the trans -acting factors that modulate repeat instability in the AR YAC CAG 45 mice may provide insights into the molecular basis of trinucleotide repeat instability in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R La Spada
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To clarify the implications of low levels of immunoglobulin (Ig)-G or IgM anticardiolipin antibodies. METHODS Women who underwent clinically indicated testing for antiphospholipid antibodies were divided into four groups based on results: 1) high-positive (lupus anticoagulant or more than 19 IgG binding units of anticardiolipin antibodies; N = 131), 2) low-positive IgG (fewer than 20 IgG binding units; N 93), 3) IgM only (more than nine IgM binding units; N 97), and 4) negative (N = 153). The development of antiphospholipid antibody-related disorders was assessed for the time interval from initial antibody testing to patient interview. The median study interval for each group was at least 4 years. Forty-five percent of women had repeat testing at the time of interview. RESULTS Women in the high-positive group were more likely to develop at least one new medical complication than those in the low-positive IgG (odds ratio [OR] 4.49, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.01-10.03), IgM only (OR 6.00, 95% CI 2.65-13.59), and negative (OR 9.11, 95% CI 3.92-21.2) groups. In contrast, the low-positive IgG, IgM only, and negative groups had similar risks for the development of new disorders. Twelve of 129 (9.3%) women in the low-positive IgG, IgM only, or negative groups had lupus anticoagulant or more than 19 IgG binding units on retesting. Half of these women developed at least one new disorder. CONCLUSION Women with IgM or low levels of IgG anticardiolipin antibodies comprise distinct populations from those with lupus anticoagulant or moderate to high levels of anticardiolipin antibodies. These women are not at risk for antiphospholipid antibody-related disorders beyond the risk conferred by their medical histories. However, repeat testing is warranted with new or recurrent clinical symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Silver
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, USA
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19
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Abstract
To date, longitudinal weight loss analyses (curve-fitting) have been complicated by non-linear weight patterns, incomplete follow-up, and varied follow-up times. Therefore, the cross-sectional design (one time point survey) was chosen to study predictors of weight loss at yearly postoperative time intervals (+/- 6 months). Mean values for the initial cohort of 7,540 patients were: age 37.4 years (+/- 9.4), weight 124.0 kg (+/- 25.5), height 165.4 cm (+/- 8.5). Females comprised 87.7% of the data set. Follow-up was 62.5% at year one, 32.0% at year 2, 20.6% at year 3, and 15.4% at year 4. The multiple regression model used included 20 explanatory variables and was performed separately for four yearly time points. Only operative weight, initial visit height, age, and operative type were consistent predictors of weight loss (p < 0.05) at all time points examined and accounted for 40-50% of weight loss variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Jeng
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52242-1178, USA
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20
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Abstract
Follow-up rates are presented as a percentage but the method of calculation is seldom discussed. Determining a follow-up rate begins with identifying the numerator and denominator used in the calculation. Four methods of calculating follow-up rate after surgical treatment for weight reduction were studied. Method 1 follow-up rate, 91.2%, was calculated using patients with at least one follow-up contact as the numerator (6169) and the number of primary operations performed as the denominator (6764). Method 2 calculated patient contact on or beyond a specific time point: 65.9% for >/= 6 months (4232/6424), >/= 1 year (y) = 52.1% (3111/5977), >/= 2 y = 29.8% (1455/ 4890), >/=3y=18.8% (710/3784), >/=4y=12.5% (331/ 2643). Follow-up calculated using method 3 determined patient contact within specific time points: 0-1 y = 89.7% (6064/6764), 1-2 y = 45.8% (2739/5977), 2-3 y = 23.0% (1124/4890), 3-4 y=13.9% (526/3784), 4-5y=11.3% (298/2643). Method 4 studied patient contact within time points according to ASBS guidelines. Rates for method 4 were: 0-6 months = 58.8% (11,938/20,292), 6-12 months = 36.7% (4717/12,848), 1-2 y = 45.8% (2739/5977), 2-3 y = 23.0% (1124/4890), 3-4 y = 13.9% (52613784). Results using these four methods of calculation emphasize the need to standardize follow-up rate before operative comparisons can be made.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Renquist
- Department of Surgery, National Bariatric Surgery Registry, The University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242-0178 USA
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21
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Folberg R, Pe'er J, Gruman LM, Woolson RF, Jeng G, Montague PR, Moninger TO, Yi H, Moore KC. The morphologic characteristics of tumor blood vessels as a marker of tumor progression in primary human uveal melanoma: a matched case-control study. Hum Pathol 1992; 23:1298-305. [PMID: 1427757 DOI: 10.1016/0046-8177(92)90299-i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Nine morphologic patterns of tumor vessels were identified in eyes removed for ciliary body or choroidal melanoma by the examination of tissue sections stained with fluorescein-conjugated Ulex europaeus I using laser scanning confocal microscopy. This technique also highlights intravascular tumor invasion. Each of these nine morphologic patterns of tumor vessels also may be demonstrated by a modification of the periodic acid-Schiff reaction, viewed with a green narrow band pass filter, but this modified histochemical technique does not accurately identify intravascular tumor invasion. Most tumors have a heterogeneous distribution of vascular patterns. Melanomas in two groups of 20 tumors each were matched by tumor size and location (one group of tumors from patients who survived at least 15 years free of metastatic melanoma after enucleation and one group of tumors from patients who died of metastatic melanoma). A matched case-control analysis indicates that the presence of at least one closed vascular loop in a uveal melanoma is the most significant vascular pattern associated with death from metastatic melanoma after enucleation. Closed loops are associated with other histologic features that are predictive of an unfavorable outcome after enucleation: epithelioid cells and mitotic figures. In this preliminary study the formation of closed vascular loops is a marker of tumor progression in ciliary body and choroidal melanomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Folberg
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Iowa, Iowa City 52242-1182
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