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Gabbiani G. Comments on the manuscript of Dr. J M Orenstein. Ultrastruct Pathol 2019; 44:15-16. [PMID: 31875456 DOI: 10.1080/01913123.2019.1704525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Gabbiani
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Schleip R, Gabbiani G, Wilke J, Naylor I, Hinz B, Zorn A, Jäger H, Breul R, Schreiner S, Klingler W. Fascia Is Able to Actively Contract and May Thereby Influence Musculoskeletal Dynamics: A Histochemical and Mechanographic Investigation. Front Physiol 2019; 10:336. [PMID: 31001134 PMCID: PMC6455047 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fascial tissues form a ubiquitous network throughout the whole body, which is usually regarded as a passive contributor to biomechanical behavior. We aimed to answer the question, whether fascia may possess the capacity for cellular contraction which, in turn, could play an active role in musculoskeletal mechanics. Human and rat fascial specimens from different body sites were investigated for the presence of myofibroblasts using immunohistochemical staining for α-smooth muscle actin (n = 31 donors, n = 20 animals). In addition, mechanographic force registrations were performed on isolated rat fascial tissues (n = 8 to n = 18), which had been exposed to pharmacological stimulants. The density of myofibroblasts was increased in the human lumbar fascia in comparison to fasciae from the two other regions examined in this study: fascia lata and plantar fascia [H(2) = 14.0, p < 0.01]. Mechanographic force measurements revealed contractions in response to stimulation by fetal bovine serum, the thromboxane A2 analog U46619, TGF-β1, and mepyramine, while challenge by botulinum toxin type C3–used as a Rho kinase inhibitor– provoked relaxation (p < 0.05). In contrast, fascial tissues were insensitive to angiotensin II and caffeine (p < 0.05). A positive correlation between myofibroblast density and contractile response was found (rs = 0.83, p < 0.001). The hypothetical application of the registered forces to human lumbar tissues predicts a potential impact below the threshold for mechanical spinal stability but strong enough to possibly alter motoneuronal coordination in the lumbar region. It is concluded that tension of myofascial tissue is actively regulated by myofibroblasts with the potential to impact active musculoskeletal dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Schleip
- Department of Neuroanesthesiology, Neurosurgical Clinic, Ulm University, Günzburg, Germany.,Department of Sports Medicine and Health Promotion, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany.,Fascia Research Group, Experimental Anesthesiology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Giulio Gabbiani
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jan Wilke
- Department of Sports Medicine, Institute of Sport Science, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ian Naylor
- School of Pharmacy, University of Bradford, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - Boris Hinz
- Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Matrix Dynamics Group, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Adjo Zorn
- Fascia Research Group, Experimental Anesthesiology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Heike Jäger
- Division of Neurophysiology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Rainer Breul
- Anatomische Anstalt, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München, Germany
| | | | - Werner Klingler
- Fascia Research Group, Experimental Anesthesiology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.,Faculty of Health School - Clinical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Majno G, Bouvier C, Gabbiani G, Ryan G, Statkov P. Kymographic Recording of Clot Retraction: Effects of Papaverine. Theophylline and Cytochalasin B. Thromb Haemost 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1649040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
SummaryClot retraction was studied by setting up ribbon-shaped clots in a pharmacological bath and recording the progress of contraction on a kymograph. Drugs could be added to the bath or washed out at any stage. Papaverine, theophylline and cytochalasin B each reversed the upward course of the kymograph tracing ; contraction began again when the drugs were washed from the bath. This phenomenon resembles the behaviour of smooth muscle under similar circumstances.
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Abstract
The discovery of the myofibroblast has allowed definition of the cell responsible for wound contraction and for the development of fibrotic changes. This review summarizes the main features of the myofibroblast and the mechanisms of myofibroblast generation. Myofibroblasts originate from a variety of cells according to the organ and the type of lesion. The mechanisms of myofibroblast contraction, which appear clearly different to those of smooth muscle cell contraction, are described. Finally, we summarize the possible strategies in order to reduce myofibroblast activities and thus influence several pathologies, such as hypertrophic scars and organ fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giulio Gabbiani
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Boris Hinz
- Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Matrix Dynamics Group, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Chaponnier C, Gabbiani G. Monoclonal antibodies against muscle actin isoforms: epitope identification and analysis of isoform expression by immunoblot and immunostaining in normal and regenerating skeletal muscle. F1000Res 2016; 5:416. [PMID: 27335638 PMCID: PMC4893938 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.8154.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Higher vertebrates (mammals and birds) express six different highly conserved actin isoforms that can be classified in three subgroups: 1) sarcomeric actins, α-skeletal (α-SKA) and α-cardiac (α-CAA), 2) smooth muscle actins (SMAs), α-SMA and γ-SMA, and 3) cytoplasmic actins (CYAs), β-CYA and γ-CYA. The variations among isoactins, in each subgroup, are due to 3-4 amino acid differences located in their acetylated N-decapeptide sequence. The first monoclonal antibody (mAb) against an actin isoform (α-SMA) was produced and characterized in our laboratory in 1986 (Skalli et al., 1986) . We have further obtained mAbs against the 5 other isoforms. In this report, we focus on the mAbs anti-α-SKA and anti-α-CAA obtained after immunization of mice with the respective acetylated N-terminal decapeptides using the Repetitive Immunizations at Multiple Sites Strategy (RIMMS). In addition to the identification of their epitope by immunoblotting, we describe the expression of the 2 sarcomeric actins in mature skeletal muscle and during muscle repair after micro-lesions. In particular, we analyze the expression of α-CAA, α-SKA and α-SMA by co-immunostaining in a time course frame during the muscle repair process. Our results indicate that a restricted myocyte population expresses α-CAA and suggest a high capacity of self-regeneration in muscle cells. These antibodies may represent a helpful tool for the follow-up of muscle regeneration and pathological changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Chaponnier
- Department of Pathology-Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Giulio Gabbiani
- Department of Pathology-Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Prunotto M, Bruschi M, Gunning P, Gabbiani G, Weibel F, Ghiggeri GM, Petretto A, Scaloni A, Bonello T, Schevzov G, Alieva I, Bochaton-Piallat ML, Candiano G, Dugina V, Chaponnier C. Stable incorporation of α-smooth muscle actin into stress fibers is dependent on specific tropomyosin isoforms. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2015; 72:257-67. [DOI: 10.1002/cm.21230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Revised: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Prunotto
- Discovery Technologies, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd; Basel Switzerland
| | - Maurizio Bruschi
- Laboratorio Di Fisiopatologia Dell'uremia, Istituto Giannina Gaslini; Genoa Italy
| | - Peter Gunning
- School of Medical Sciences; University of New South Wales; Sydney Australia
| | - Giulio Gabbiani
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine; University of Geneva; Geneva Switzerland
| | - Franziska Weibel
- Discovery Technologies, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd; Basel Switzerland
| | - Gian Marco Ghiggeri
- Laboratorio Di Fisiopatologia Dell'uremia, Istituto Giannina Gaslini; Genoa Italy
| | - Andrea Petretto
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, Core Facility; Istituto Giannina Gaslini; Genoa Italy
| | - Andrea Scaloni
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory; Istituto per Il Sistema Produzione Animale in Ambiente Mediterraneo (ISPAAM), National Research Council (CNR); Napoli Italy
| | - Teresa Bonello
- School of Medical Sciences; University of New South Wales; Sydney Australia
| | - Galina Schevzov
- School of Medical Sciences; University of New South Wales; Sydney Australia
| | - Irina Alieva
- School of Medical Sciences; University of New South Wales; Sydney Australia
- Department of Electron Microscopy (IA) and Mathematical Methods in Biology (VD), A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University; Moscow Russia
| | | | - Giovanni Candiano
- Laboratorio Di Fisiopatologia Dell'uremia, Istituto Giannina Gaslini; Genoa Italy
| | - Vera Dugina
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine; University of Geneva; Geneva Switzerland
- Department of Electron Microscopy (IA) and Mathematical Methods in Biology (VD), A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University; Moscow Russia
| | - Christine Chaponnier
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine; University of Geneva; Geneva Switzerland
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Selye
- Institut de Médecine et de Chirurgie expérimentales; Université de Montréal; Montréal Canada
| | - Beatriz Tuchweber
- Institut de Médecine et de Chirurgie expérimentales; Université de Montréal; Montréal Canada
| | - Giulio Gabbiani
- Institut de Médecine et de Chirurgie expérimentales; Université de Montréal; Montréal Canada
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Zampieri F, Coen M, Gabbiani G. The prehistory of the cytoskeleton concept. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2014; 71:464-71. [PMID: 24864014 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Revised: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Here we discuss how the concept and the name of cytoskeleton were generated and started to evolve over the last two centuries into what is presently a basic topic of modern biology. We also attempt to describe some facets of the emergence of cytoskeleton component characterization in which our laboratory was in part involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Zampieri
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padua Medical School, Padua, Italy
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Gabbiani G. HANS SELYE: AN INSPIRING TEACHER. Ideggyogy Sz 2014; 67:124-125. [PMID: 26118255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The present writing is a recollection of Hans Selye, as an educator of graduate and post-graduate students. His main aim in teaching his students was to encourage originality and significance of all scientific research.
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Coen M, Burkhardt K, Bijlenga P, Gabbiani G, Schaller K, Kövari E, Rüfenacht DA, Ruíz DSM, Pizzolato G, Bochaton-Piallat ML. Smooth muscle cells of human intracranial aneurysms assume phenotypic features similar to those of the atherosclerotic plaque. Cardiovasc Pathol 2013; 22:339-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2013.01.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2012] [Revised: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Papke CL, Cao J, Kwartler CS, Villamizar C, Byanova KL, Lim SM, Sreenivasappa H, Fischer G, Pham J, Rees M, Wang M, Chaponnier C, Gabbiani G, Khakoo AY, Chandra J, Trache A, Zimmer W, Milewicz DM. Smooth muscle hyperplasia due to loss of smooth muscle α-actin is driven by activation of focal adhesion kinase, altered p53 localization and increased levels of platelet-derived growth factor receptor-β. Hum Mol Genet 2013; 22:3123-37. [PMID: 23591991 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddt167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in ACTA2, encoding the smooth muscle cell (SMC)-specific isoform of α-actin (α-SMA), cause thoracic aortic aneurysms and dissections and occlusive vascular diseases, including early onset coronary artery disease and stroke. We have shown that occlusive arterial lesions in patients with heterozygous ACTA2 missense mutations show increased numbers of medial or neointimal SMCs. The contribution of SMC hyperplasia to these vascular diseases and the pathways responsible for linking disruption of α-SMA filaments to hyperplasia are unknown. Here, we show that the loss of Acta2 in mice recapitulates the SMC hyperplasia observed in ACTA2 mutant SMCs and determine the cellular pathways responsible for SMC hyperplasia. Acta2(-/-) mice showed increased neointimal formation following vascular injury in vivo, and SMCs explanted from these mice demonstrated increased proliferation and migration. Loss of α-SMA induced hyperplasia through focal adhesion (FA) rearrangement, FA kinase activation, re-localization of p53 from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and increased expression and ligand-independent activation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta (Pdgfr-β). Disruption of α-SMA in wild-type SMCs also induced similar cellular changes. Imatinib mesylate inhibited Pdgfr-β activation and Acta2(-/-) SMC proliferation in vitro and neointimal formation with vascular injury in vivo. Loss of α-SMA leads to SMC hyperplasia in vivo and in vitro through a mechanism involving FAK, p53 and Pdgfr-β, supporting the hypothesis that SMC hyperplasia contributes to occlusive lesions in patients with ACTA2 missense mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina L Papke
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin, MSB 6.100, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Coen M, Menegatti E, Salvi F, Mascoli F, Zamboni P, Gabbiani G, Bochaton-Piallat ML. Altered collagen expression in jugular veins in multiple sclerosis. Cardiovasc Pathol 2013; 22:33-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2012.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2012] [Revised: 05/23/2012] [Accepted: 05/24/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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Nguyen AT, Gomez D, Bell RD, Campbell JH, Clowes AW, Gabbiani G, Giachelli CM, Parmacek MS, Raines EW, Rusch NJ, Speer MY, Sturek M, Thyberg J, Towler DA, Weiser-Evans MC, Yan C, Miano JM, Owens GK. Smooth muscle cell plasticity: fact or fiction? Circ Res 2012; 112:17-22. [PMID: 23093573 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.112.281048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anh T Nguyen
- University of Virginia, Cardiovascular Research Center, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
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Prunotto M, Budd DC, Gabbiani G, Meier M, Formentini I, Hartmann G, Pomposiello S, Moll S. Epithelial-mesenchymal crosstalk alteration in kidney fibrosis. J Pathol 2012; 228:131-47. [PMID: 22570261 DOI: 10.1002/path.4049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2011] [Revised: 04/19/2012] [Accepted: 04/26/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of chronic kidney diseases (CKD) is constantly rising, reaching epidemic proportions in the western world and leading to an enormous threat, even to modern health-care systems, in industrialized countries. Therapies of CKD have greatly improved following the introduction of drugs targeting the renin-angiotensin system (RAAS) but even this refined pharmacological approach has failed to stop progression to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in many individuals. In vitro historical data and recent new findings have suggested that progression of renal fibrosis might occur as a result of an altered tubulo-interstitial microenvironment and, more specifically, as a result of an altered epithelial-mesenchymal crosstalk. Here we the review biological findings that support the hypothesis of an altered cellular crosstalk in an injured local tubulo-interstitial microenvironment leading to renal disease progression. Copyright © 2012 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Prunotto
- CV and Metabolic DTA Department, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland.
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Delucchi F, Berni R, Frati C, Cavalli S, Graiani G, Sala R, Chaponnier C, Gabbiani G, Calani L, Rio DD, Bocchi L, Lagrasta C, Quaini F, Stilli D. Resveratrol treatment reduces cardiac progenitor cell dysfunction and prevents morpho-functional ventricular remodeling in type-1 diabetic rats. PLoS One 2012; 7:e39836. [PMID: 22768138 PMCID: PMC3387239 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2011] [Accepted: 05/28/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that both adult cardiac cell and the cardiac stem/progenitor cell (CSPC) compartments are involved in the patho-physiology of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). We evaluated whether early administration of Resveratrol, a natural antioxidant polyphenolic compound, in addition to improving cardiomyocyte function, exerts a protective role on (i) the progenitor cell pool, and (ii) the myocardial environment and its impact on CSPCs, positively interfering with the onset of DCM phenotype. Adult Wistar rats (n = 128) with streptozotocin-induced type-1 diabetes were either untreated (D group; n = 54) or subjected to administration of trans-Resveratrol (i.p. injection: 2.5 mg/Kg/day; DR group; n = 64). Twenty-five rats constituted the control group (C). After 1, 3 or 8 weeks of hyperglycemia, we evaluated cardiac hemodynamic performance, and cardiomyocyte contractile properties and intracellular calcium dynamics. Myocardial remodeling and tissue inflammation were also assessed by morphometry, immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting. Eventually, the impact of the diabetic “milieu” on CSPC turnover was analyzed in co-cultures of healthy CSPCs and cardiomyocytes isolated from D and DR diabetic hearts. In untreated animals, cardiac function was maintained during the first 3 weeks of hyperglycemia, although a definite ventricular remodeling was already present, mainly characterized by a marked loss of CSPCs and adult cardiac cells. Relevant signs of ventricular dysfunction appeared after 8 weeks of diabetes, and included: 1) a significant reduction in ±dP/dt in comparison with C group, 2) a prolongation of isovolumic contraction/relaxation times, 3) an impaired contraction of isolated cardiomyocytes associated with altered intracellular calcium dynamics. Resveratrol administration reduced atrial CSPC loss, succeeded in preserving the functional abilities of CSPCs and mature cardiac cells, improved cardiac environment by reducing inflammatory state and decreased unfavorable ventricular remodeling of the diabetic heart, leading to a marked recovery of ventricular function. These findings indicate that RSV can constitute an adjuvant therapeutic option in DCM prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Delucchi
- Dipartimento Biologia Evolutiva e Funzionale, Università di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Roberta Berni
- Dipartimento Biologia Evolutiva e Funzionale, Università di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Caterina Frati
- Dipartimento di Patologia e Medicina di Laboratorio, Università di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Stefano Cavalli
- Dipartimento di Patologia e Medicina di Laboratorio, Università di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Gallia Graiani
- Dipartimento di Patologia e Medicina di Laboratorio, Università di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Roberto Sala
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Christine Chaponnier
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Giulio Gabbiani
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Luca Calani
- Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica, Università di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Daniele Del Rio
- Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica, Università di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Leonardo Bocchi
- Dipartimento Biologia Evolutiva e Funzionale, Università di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Costanza Lagrasta
- Dipartimento di Patologia e Medicina di Laboratorio, Università di Parma, Parma, Italy
- Centro Interdipartimentale Cellule Staminali Cardiache, Università di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Federico Quaini
- Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Scienze Biomediche, Università di Parma, Parma, Italy
- Centro Interdipartimentale Cellule Staminali Cardiache, Università di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Donatella Stilli
- Dipartimento Biologia Evolutiva e Funzionale, Università di Parma, Parma, Italy
- Centro Interdipartimentale Cellule Staminali Cardiache, Università di Parma, Parma, Italy
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Since its first description in wound granulation tissue, the myofibroblast has been recognized to be a key actor in the epithelial-mesenchymal cross-talk that plays a crucial role in many physiological and pathological situations, such as regulation of prostate development, ventilation-perfusion in lung alveoli or organ fibrosis. The presence of myofibroblasts in the stroma reaction to epithelial tumors is well established and many data are accumulating which suggest that the stroma compartment is an active participant in tumor onset and/or evolution. In this review we summarize the evidence in favor of this concept, the main mechanisms that regulate myofibroblast differentiation and function, as well as the biophysical and biochemical factors possibly involved in epithelial-stroma interactions, using liver carcinoma as main model, in view of achieving a better understanding of tumor progression mechanisms and of tools directed toward stroma as eventual therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Otranto
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Limoges, Limoges, France
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Yu M, Ishibashi-Ueda H, Ohta-Ogo K, Gabbiani G, Yamagishi M, Hayashi K, Hirota S, Bochaton-Piallat ML, Hao H. Transient expression of cellular retinol-binding protein-1 during cardiac repair after myocardial infarction. Pathol Int 2012; 62:246-53. [PMID: 22449228 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1827.2012.02802.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Retinoic acid (RA) is a vitamin A derivative that exerts pleiotropic biological effects. Intracellular transport and metabolism of RA are regulated by cellular retinol-binding proteins (CRBP). CRBP-1 is transiently expressed in granulation tissue fibroblasts during wound healing; however, its role in cardiac remodeling remains unknown. A rat myocardial infarction (MI) model was established by ligation of the left coronary artery, and hearts were obtained at 3, 6, 15, 30 and 45 days after operation. Heart sections were examined immunohistochemically using anti-vimentin, anti-α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), anti-matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, anti-MMP-9 and anti-CRBP-1 antibodies. Infarction involved 48.8 ± 3.6% of the left ventricle and was followed by an important cardiac remodeling. Vimentin-positive fibroblastic cells including α-SMA-positive myofibroblasts expressed CRBP-1 at 3-, 6-, and 15-days after MI. Expression of CRBP-1 reached a maximum at 6-days after infarction. Thereafter, CRBP-1 expression was dramatically decreased, showing a similar tendency to MMP expression. Human heart specimens of individuals with a recent myocardial infarction demonstrated presence of CRBP-1-positive fibroblasts by immunohistochemistry. We have demonstrated that CRBP-1 is transiently expressed by fibroblasts during cardiac remodeling. Our results suggest that CRBP-1 plays a role in ventricular remodeling after MI allegedly through its RA binding activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyue Yu
- Department of Pathology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
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Hinz B, Phan SH, Thannickal VJ, Prunotto M, Desmoulière A, Varga J, De Wever O, Mareel M, Gabbiani G. Recent developments in myofibroblast biology: paradigms for connective tissue remodeling. Am J Pathol 2012; 180:1340-55. [PMID: 22387320 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2012.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 929] [Impact Index Per Article: 77.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/19/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of the myofibroblast has opened new perspectives for the comprehension of the biological mechanisms involved in wound healing and fibrotic diseases. In recent years, many advances have been made in understanding important aspects of myofibroblast basic biological characteristics. This review summarizes such advances in several fields, such as the following: i) force production by the myofibroblast and mechanisms of connective tissue remodeling; ii) factors controlling the expression of α-smooth muscle actin, the most used marker of myofibroblastic phenotype and, more important, involved in force generation by the myofibroblast; and iii) factors affecting genesis of the myofibroblast and its differentiation from precursor cells, in particular epigenetic factors, such as DNA methylation, microRNAs, and histone modification. We also review the origin and the specific features of the myofibroblast in diverse fibrotic lesions, such as systemic sclerosis; kidney, liver, and lung fibrosis; and the stromal reaction to certain epithelial tumors. Finally, we summarize the emerging strategies for influencing myofibroblast behavior in vitro and in vivo, with the ultimate goal of an effective therapeutic approach for myofibroblast-dependent diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Hinz
- Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Matrix Dynamics Group, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Coen M, Gabbiani G, Bochaton-Piallat ML. Myofibroblast-mediated adventitial remodeling: an underestimated player in arterial pathology. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2012; 31:2391-6. [PMID: 21868702 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.111.231548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The arterial adventitia has been long considered an essentially supportive tissue; however, more and more data suggest that it plays a major role in the modulation of the vascular tone by complex interactions with structures located within intima and media. The purpose of this review is to summarize these data and to describe the mechanisms involved in adventitia/media and adventitia/intima cross-talk. In response to a plethora of stimuli, the adventitia undergoes remodeling processes, resulting in positive (adaptive) remodeling, negative (constrictive) remodeling, or both. The differentiation of the adventitial fibroblast into myofibroblast (MF), a key player of wound healing and fibrosis development, is a hallmark of negative remodeling; this can lead to vessel stenosis and thus contribute to major cardiovascular diseases. The mechanisms of fibroblast-to-MF differentiation and the role of the MF in adventitial remodeling are highlighted herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Coen
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Menetrey J, Laumonier T, Garavaglia G, Hoffmeyer P, Fritschy D, Gabbiani G, Bochaton-Piallat ML. α-Smooth muscle actin and TGF-β receptor I expression in the healing rabbit medial collateral and anterior cruciate ligaments. Injury 2011; 42:735-41. [PMID: 20800229 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2010.07.246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2010] [Revised: 06/08/2010] [Accepted: 07/12/2010] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The aim of our study was to advance the knowledge about the biological differences in the healing of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) versus the medial collateral ligament (MCL). We quantified α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression and TGF-β receptor I (TGF-βRI) expression in experimentally injured rabbit ligaments (from day 3 to 12 weeks post-injury). Myofibroblasts (α-SMA positive cells) were identified as early as the third day post-injury in MCL and their density increased steadily up to day 21. Myofibroblasts were also detected in injured ACL but their density remained very low at all time points. The percentage of positive TGF-βRI area significantly increased in both injured ligaments compared to controls, with a peak expression at day 21; however, it remained constantly lower in ACL compared to MCL. A significant correlation was found between the percentage of TGF-βRI positive cells and the percentage of α-SMA expression only in injured MCL. These results provide evidence that myofibroblasts are important players in MCL remodelling after injury. The combined presence of myofibroblasts and TGF-βRI in the first 3 weeks post-MCL injury may partially explain the difference in the MCL and ACL healing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacques Menetrey
- Orthopaedic Surgery Service, Geneva University Hospitals & Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 4 Rue Gabrielle Perret-Gentil, Geneva 14, Switzerland.
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Prunotto M, Ghiggeri G, Bruschi M, Gabbiani G, Lescuyer P, Hocher B, Chaykovska L, Berrera M, Moll S. Renal fibrosis and proteomics: current knowledge and still key open questions for proteomic investigation. J Proteomics 2011; 74:1855-70. [PMID: 21642026 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2011.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2011] [Revised: 04/27/2011] [Accepted: 05/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Renal tubulo-interstitial fibrosis is a non-specific process, representing the final common pathway for all kidney diseases, irrespective of their initial cause, histological injury, or etiology, leading to gradual expansion of the fibrotic mass which destroys the normal structure of the tissue and results in organ dysfunction and, ultimately, in end-stage organ failure. Proteomic studies of the fibrotic pathophysiological mechanisms have been performed in cell cultures, animal models and human tissues, addressing some of the key issues. This article will review proteomic contribution to the raising current knowledge on renal fibrosis biology and also mention seminal open questions to which proteomic techniques and proteomists could fruitfully contribute.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Prunotto
- RenalChild Foundation, G. Gaslini Children Hospital, Genoa, Italy.
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Prunotto M, Gabbiani G, Pomposiello S, Ghiggeri G, Moll S. The kidney as a target organ in pharmaceutical research. Drug Discov Today 2011; 16:244-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2010.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2010] [Revised: 11/11/2010] [Accepted: 11/24/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Hao H, Ishibashi-Ueda H, Tsujimoto M, Ueda Y, Shite J, Gabbiani G, Fujii K, Hirota S. Drug-Eluting Stent - Importance of Clinico-Pathological Correlations -. Circ J 2011; 75:1548-58. [DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-11-0393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Hao
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Hyogo College of Medicine
| | | | | | - Yasunori Ueda
- Department of Cardiovascular Division, Osaka Police Hospital
| | - Junya Shite
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Giulio Gabbiani
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, CMU, University of Geneva
| | - Kenichi Fujii
- Department of Cardiology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine
| | - Seiichi Hirota
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Hyogo College of Medicine
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Abstract
The crucial role of the myofibroblast in wound healing and fibrosis development is well established. This review discusses the mechanisms of myofibroblast action and the new findings that may develop into therapeutic strategies during the next few years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Hinz
- Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Matrix Dynamics Group, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto150 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3E2Canada
| | - Giulio Gabbiani
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, CMU, University of GenevaRue Michel-Servet 1, 1211Switzerland
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Dugina V, Zwaenepoel I, Gabbiani G, Clément S, Chaponnier C. Beta and gamma-cytoplasmic actins display distinct distribution and functional diversity. J Cell Sci 2009; 122:2980-8. [PMID: 19638415 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.041970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Using newly generated monoclonal antibodies, we have compared the distribution of beta- and gamma-cytoplasmic actin in fibroblastic and epithelial cells, in which they play crucial roles during various key cellular processes. Whereas beta-actin is preferentially localized in stress fibers, circular bundles and at cell-cell contacts, suggesting a role in cell attachment and contraction, gamma-actin displays a more versatile organization, according to cell activities. In moving cells, gamma-actin is mainly organized as a meshwork in cortical and lamellipodial structures, suggesting a role in cell motility; in stationary cells, gamma-actin is also recruited into stress fibers. beta-actin-depleted cells become highly spread, display broad protrusions and reduce their stress-fiber content; by contrast, gamma-actin-depleted cells acquire a contractile phenotype with thick actin bundles and shrinked lamellar and lamellipodial structures. Moreover, beta- and gamma-actin depleted fibroblasts exhibit distinct changes in motility compared with their controls, suggesting a specific role for each isoform in cell locomotion. Our results reveal new aspects of beta- and gamma-actin organization that support their functional diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Dugina
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
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Berni R, Savi M, Bocchi L, Delucchi F, Musso E, Chaponnier C, Gabbiani G, Clement S, Stilli D. Modulation of actin isoform expression before the transition from experimental compensated pressure-overload cardiac hypertrophy to decompensation. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2009; 296:H1625-32. [PMID: 19252091 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.01057.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In a rat model of long-lasting pressure-overload hypertrophy, we investigated whether changes in the relative expression of myocardial actin isoforms are among the early signs of ventricular mechanical dysfunction before the transition toward decompensation. Forty-four rats with infrarenal aortic banding (AC rats) were studied. Hemodynamic parameters were measured 1 mo (AC(1) group; n = 20) or 2 mo (AC(2); n = 24) after aortic ligature. Then subgroups of AC(1) and AC(2) left ventricles (LV) were used to evaluate 1) LV anatomy and fibrosis (morphometry), 2) expression levels (immunoblotting) and spatial distribution (immunohistochemistry) of alpha-skeletal actin (alpha-SKA), alpha-cardiac actin (alpha-CA), and alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), and 3) cell mechanics and calcium transients in enzimatically isolated myocytes. Although the two AC groups exhibited a comparable degree of hypertrophy (+30% in LV mass; +20% in myocyte surface) and a similar increase in the amount of fibrosis compared with control animals (C group; n = 22), a worsening of LV mechanical performance was observed only in AC(2) rats at both organ and cellular levels. Conversely, AC(1) rats exhibited enhanced LV contractility and preserved cellular contractile behavior associated with increased calcium transients. Alpha-SKA expression was upregulated (+60%) in AC(1). In AC(2) ventricles, prolonged hypertension also induced a significant increase in alpha-SMA expression, mainly at the level of arterial vessels. No significant differences among groups were observed in alpha-CA expression. Our findings suggest that alpha-SKA expression regulation and wall remodeling of coronary arterioles participate in the development of impaired kinetics of contraction and relaxation in prolonged hypertension before the occurrence of marked histopathologic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Berni
- Dept. of Evolutionary and Functional Biology, Physiology Section, Univ. of Parma, V. le G. P. Usberti 11/A, I-43100, Italy
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Orlandi A, Hao H, Ferlosio A, Clément S, Hirota S, Spagnoli LG, Gabbiani G, Chaponnier C. Alpha actin isoforms expression in human and rat adult cardiac conduction system. Differentiation 2009; 77:360-8. [PMID: 19281784 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2008.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2008] [Revised: 12/16/2008] [Accepted: 12/18/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In the adult heart, cardiac muscle comprises the working myocardium and the conduction system (CS). The latter includes the sinoatrial node (SAN), the internodal tract or bundle (IB), the atrioventricular node (AVN), the atrioventricular bundle (AVB), the bundle branches (BB) and the peripheral Purkinje fibers (PF). Most of the information concerning the phenotypic features of CS tissue derives from the characterization of avian and rodent developing hearts; data concerning the expression of actin isoforms in adult CS cardiomyocytes are scarce. Using specific antibodies, we investigated the distribution of alpha-skeletal (alpha-SKA), alpha-cardiac (alpha-CA), alpha-smooth muscle (alpha-SMA) actin isoforms and other muscle-typical proteins in the CS of human and rat hearts at different ages. SAN and IB cardiomyocytes were characterized by the presence of alpha-SMA, alpha-CA, calponin and caldesmon, whereas alpha-SKA and vimentin were absent. Double immunofluorescence demonstrated the co-localisation of alpha-SMA and alpha-CA in I-bands of SAN cardiomyocytes. AVN, AVB, BB and PF cardiomyocytes were alpha-SMA, calponin, caldesmon and vimentin negative, and alpha-CA and alpha-SKA positive. No substantial differences in actin isoform distribution were observed in human and rat hearts, except for the presence of isolated subendocardial alpha-SMA positive cardiomyocytes co-expressing alpha-CA in the ventricular septum of the rat. Aging did not influence CS cardiomyocyte actin isoform expression profile. These findings support the concept that cardiomyocytes of SAN retain the phenotype of a developing myogenic cell throughout the entire life span.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augusto Orlandi
- Institute of Anatomic Pathology, Department of Biopathology and Image Diagnostics, Tor Vergata University of Rome-PTV, Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy.
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Prunotto M, Bacchetta M, Jayaraman S, Galloni M, Van Eys G, Gabbiani G, Bochaton-Piallat ML. Corrigendum to “Cytostatic drugs differentially affect phenotypic features of porcine coronary artery smooth muscle cell populations” [FEBS Lett. 581 (2007) 5847-5851]. FEBS Lett 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2008.01.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Prunotto M, Bacchetta M, Jayaraman S, Galloni M, Van Eys G, Gabbiani G, Bochaton-Piallat ML. Cytostatic drugs differentially affect phenotypic features of porcine coronary artery smooth muscle cell populations. FEBS Lett 2007; 581:5847-51. [PMID: 18053813 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2007.11.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2007] [Revised: 10/23/2007] [Accepted: 11/20/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We studied the effects of cytostatic drugs on porcine coronary artery spindle-shaped (S) and rhomboid (R) smooth muscle cell (SMC) biological activities related to intimal thickening (IT) formation. Imatinib, and to a lesser extent curcumin, decreased proliferation of S- and R-SMCs and migratory and urokinase activities of R-SMCs more efficiently compared with cyclosporine plus rapamycin. Imatinib increased the expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin in both SMC populations and that of smoothelin in S-SMCs. It decreased S100A4 expression in R-SMCs. By promoting SMC quiescence and differentiation imatinib and curcumin may represent valid candidates for restenosis preventive and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Prunotto
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
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32
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Alizadeh N, Pepper MS, Modarressi A, Alfo K, Schlaudraff K, Montandon D, Gabbiani G, Bochaton-Piallat ML, Pittet B. Persistent ischemia impairs myofibroblast development in wound granulation tissue: A new model of delayed wound healing. Wound Repair Regen 2007; 15:809-16. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1524-475x.2007.00312.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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33
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Schmitt-Graeff A, Koeninger A, Olschewski M, Haxelmans S, Nitschke R, Bochaton-Piallat ML, Lifschitz-Mercer B, Gabbiani G, Langbein L, Czernobilsky B. The Ki67+ proliferation index correlates with increased cellular retinol-binding protein-1 and the coordinated loss of plakophilin-1 and desmoplakin during progression of cervical squamous lesions. Histopathology 2007; 51:87-97. [PMID: 17593084 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2007.02724.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the modulation of cellular retinol-binding protein (CRBP)-1 and the desmosomal plaque proteins plakophilin (PKP)-1 and desmoplakin (DP) in correlation with the Ki67+ proliferation index (PI) during the progression of cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL) to squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). METHODS Using in situ imaging by brightfield and confocal laser scanning microscopy, the expression of CRBP-1 protein and transcripts, PKP-1, DP and the Ki67 PI were analysed in 38 low-grade (L) SIL, 56 high-grade (H) SIL, 49 SCC, 30 control cervices and 10 human papillomavirus-positive condylomatous lesions. RESULTS CRBP-1+ cells increased from 11.4% in the normal cervix to 80.3% in LSILs, 92.3% in HSILs and slightly decreased to 78.3% in invasive SCCs (P = 0.0001) in close association with the Ki67 PI (r =0.41; P < 0.0001). PKP-1+ and DP+ cells were correlated (0.32; P < 0.0001) and decreased from normal (81% versus 92.3%) to LSIL (53.1% versus 85.3%), to HSIL (46.4% versus 67.5%) and SCC (35.1% versus 35.9%). The Ki67+ PI was inversely correlated with DP (-0.20, P = 0.0014) and PKP-1 (-0.19, P = 0.015). Condylomata retained low CRBP-1 and high expression of PKP-1 and DP. CONCLUSIONS The gain of CRBP-1 and the loss of desmosomal proteins occur early in cervical carcinogenesis.
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Myoishi M, Hao H, Minamino T, Watanabe K, Nishihira K, Hatakeyama K, Asada Y, Okada KI, Ishibashi-Ueda H, Gabbiani G, Bochaton-Piallat ML, Mochizuki N, Kitakaze M. Increased endoplasmic reticulum stress in atherosclerotic plaques associated with acute coronary syndrome. Circulation 2007; 116:1226-33. [PMID: 17709641 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.106.682054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 286] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) responds to various stresses by upregulation of ER chaperones, but prolonged ER stress eventually causes apoptosis. Although apoptosis is considered to be essential for the progression and rupture of atherosclerotic plaques, the influence of ER stress and apoptosis on rupture of unstable coronary plaques remains unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS Coronary artery segments were obtained at autopsy from 71 patients, and atherectomy specimens were obtained from 40 patients. Smooth muscle cells and macrophages in the fibrous caps of thin-cap atheroma and ruptured plaques, but not in the fibrous caps of thick-cap atheroma and fibrous plaques, showed a marked increase of ER chaperone expression and apoptotic cells. ER chaperones also showed higher expression in atherectomy specimens from patients with unstable angina pectoris than in specimens from those with stable angina. Expression of 7-ketocholesterol was increased in the fibrous caps of thin-cap atheroma compared with thick-cap atheroma. Treatment of cultured coronary artery smooth muscle cells or THP-1 cells with 7-ketocholesterol induced upregulation of ER chaperones and apoptosis, whereas these changes were prevented by antioxidants. We also investigated possible signaling pathways for ER-initiated apoptosis and found that the CHOP (a transcription factor induced by ER stress)-dependent pathway was activated in unstable plaques. In addition, knockdown of CHOP expression by small interfering RNA decreased ER stress-dependent death of cultured coronary artery smooth muscle cells and THP-1 cells. CONCLUSIONS Increased ER stress occurs in unstable plaques. Our findings suggest that ER stress-induced apoptosis of smooth muscle cells and macrophages may contribute to plaque vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masafumi Myoishi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka 565-8565, Japan
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Abstract
The crucial role played by the myofibroblast in wound healing and pathological organ remodeling is well established; the general mechanisms of extracellular matrix synthesis and of tension production by this cell have been amply clarified. This review discusses the pattern of myofibroblast accumulation and fibrosis evolution during lung and liver fibrosis as well as during atheromatous plaque formation. Special attention is paid to the specific features characterizing each of these processes, including the spectrum of different myofibroblast precursors and the distinct pathways involved in the formation of differentiated myofibroblasts in each lesion. Thus, whereas in lung fibrosis it seems that most myofibroblasts derive from resident fibroblasts, hepatic stellate cells are the main contributor for liver fibrosis and media smooth muscle cells are the main contributor for the atheromatous plaque. A better knowledge of the molecular mechanisms conducive to the appearance of differentiated myofibroblasts in each pathological situation will be useful for the understanding of fibrosis development in different organs and for the planning of strategies aiming at their prevention and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Hinz
- Laboratory of Cell Biophysics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Bâtiment SG-AA-B143, Station 15, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Brisset AC, Hao H, Camenzind E, Bacchetta M, Geinoz A, Sanchez JC, Chaponnier C, Gabbiani G, Bochaton-Piallat ML. Intimal smooth muscle cells of porcine and human coronary artery express S100A4, a marker of the rhomboid phenotype in vitro. Circ Res 2007; 100:1055-62. [PMID: 17347479 DOI: 10.1161/01.res.0000262654.84810.6c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
We reported that smooth muscle cell (SMC) populations isolated from normal porcine coronary artery media exhibit distinct phenotypes: spindle-shaped (S) and rhomboid (R). R-SMCs are recovered in higher proportion from stent-induced intimal thickening compared with media suggesting that they participate in intimal thickening formation. Our aim was to identify a marker of R-SMCs in vitro and to explore its possible expression in vivo. S- and R-SMC protein extracts were compared by means of 2-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis followed by tandem mass spectrometry. S100A4 was found to be predominantly expressed in R-SMC extracts. Using a monoclonal S100A4 antibody we confirmed that S100A4 is highly expressed by R-SMCs and hardly detectable in S-SMCs. S100A4 was colocalized with alpha-smooth muscle actin in stress fibers of several quiescent cells and upregulated during migration. PDGF-BB, FGF-2 or coculture with endothelial cells, which modulate S-SMCs to a R-phenotype, increased S100A4 expression in both S- and R-SMCs. Silencing of S100A4 mRNA in R-SMCs decreased cell proliferation, suggesting a functional role for this protein. In vivo S100A4 was absent in normal porcine coronary artery media, but highly expressed by SMCs of stent-induced intimal thickening. In humans, S100A4 was barely detectable in coronary artery media and markedly expressed in SMCs of atheromatous and restenotic coronary artery lesions. Our results indicate that S100A4 is a marker of porcine R-SMCs in vitro and of intimal SMCs during intimal thickening development. It is also a marker of a large population of human atheromatous and restenotic SMCs. Clarifying S100A4 function might be useful to understand the evolution of atherosclerotic and restenotic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne C Brisset
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Switzerland
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37
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Tomasek JJ, Vaughan MB, Kropp BP, Gabbiani G, Martin MD, Haaksma CJ, Hinz B. Contraction of myofibroblasts in granulation tissue is dependent on Rho/Rho kinase/myosin light chain phosphatase activity. Wound Repair Regen 2006; 14:313-20. [PMID: 16808810 DOI: 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2006.00126.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
During wound healing and fibrocontractive diseases fibroblasts acquire a smooth muscle cell-like phenotype by differentiating into contractile force generating myofibroblasts. We examined whether regulation of myofibroblast contraction in granulation tissue is dominated by Ca2+-induced phosphorylation of myosin light chain kinase or by Rho/Rho kinase (ROCK)-mediated inhibition of myosin light chain phosphatase, similar to that of cultured myofibroblasts. Strips of granulation tissue obtained from rat granuloma pouches were stimulated with endothelin-1 (ET-1), serotonin, and angiotensin-II and isometric force generation was measured. We here investigated ET-1 in depth, because it was the only agonist that produced a long-lasting and strong response. The ROCK inhibitor Y27632 completely inhibited ET-1-promoted contraction and the phosphatase inhibitor calyculin elicited contraction in the absence of any other agonists, suggesting that activation of the Rho/ROCK/myosn light chain phosphatase pathway is critical in regulating in vivo myofibroblast contraction. Membrane depolarization with K+ also stimulated a long-lasting contraction of granulation tissue; however, the amount of force generated was significantly less compared to ET-1. Moreover, K+-induced contraction was inhibited by Y27632. These results are consistent with inhibition of myosin light chain phosphatase by the Rho/ROCK signaling pathway, which would account for the long-duration contraction of myofibroblasts necessary for wound closure.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J Tomasek
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA.
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38
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Orlandi A, Bochaton-Piallat ML, Gabbiani G, Spagnoli LG. Aging, smooth muscle cells and vascular pathobiology: Implications for atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis 2006; 188:221-30. [PMID: 16487530 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2006.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2005] [Revised: 01/10/2006] [Accepted: 01/18/2006] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological and autopsy studies suggest a close link between aging and the clinical manifestation of atherosclerosis. Several experiments show increased arterial susceptibility to atherogenetic stimuli in aged subjects. All together, these findings support the concept that aging represents an independent atherogenetic risk factor, intimately associated to other parietal, microenvironmental and systemic noxae. Smooth muscle cells (SMCs) represent the major arterial cell population. As aging occurs, SMCs progressively migrate from the tunica media and accumulate into the tunica intima. Myointimal thickening may represent the site where low-grade atherogenic stimuli cause early development and more severe lesion progression. Intimal SMC accumulation is characterized from a switch, from a differentiated to a synthetic phenotype, with reduced myocytic cytoskeletal markers and the expression of new proteins. Aging also associates to changes of SMC proliferative and apoptotic behavior and response to growth factors, such as transforming growth factor-beta1. The alteration of SMC properties represents a crucial event in the pathobiology of arterial wall, since it contributes to the vascular remodeling and decline of function with aging and favors the progression of atherosclerosis. Increased knowledge of biomolecular mechanisms regulating these events helps to develop new strategies aimed at contrasting the adverse effect of vascular aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augusto Orlandi
- Anatomic Pathology Institute, Department of Biopathology, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, Rome, Italy.
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Hao H, Nagaya N, Ishibashi-Ueda H, Kangawa K, Gabbiani G, Bochaton-Piallat ML, Hirota S. Growth inhibitory effects of adrenomedullin on distinct smooth muscle cell populations from rat aorta. Vascul Pharmacol 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2006.08.292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Brisset A, Bacchetta M, Geinoz A, Chaponnier C, Hao H, Camenzind E, Gabbiani G, Bochaton-Piallat ML. S100A4: A marker for activated smooth muscle cells in atherosclerosis and restenosis. Vascul Pharmacol 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2006.08.285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Abstract
The origin of myxoma, the most frequent tumour of the heart, remains uncertain. Previous phenotypic characterizations have shown heterogeneous results and the most recent hypothesis suggests that cardiac myxoma originates from a primitive pluripotential cardiogenic cell. We investigated the expression of actin isoforms in 30 left atrial myxomas by immunohistochemistry and in eight consecutive tumours by RT-PCR. alpha-Smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) protein and/or transcripts were detected in all cases, whereas alpha-cardiac actin was observed in few cases and alpha-skeletal actin was always absent. Besides classical features, vessel-like structures were characterized by cells expressing CD34 and, less frequently, alpha-SMA. Confocal microscopy showed focal co-expression of CD34 and alpha-SMA in myxoma cells, suggesting a gradual loss of stem endothelial markers and the acquisition of myocytic antigens. In order to confirm this hypothesis, early cardiac differentiation markers were also investigated. RT-PCR documented the presence of transcripts for Sox9 (100%), Notch1 (87.5%), NFATc1 (37.5%), Smad6, metalloproteinases 1 and 2 alone or in variable combinations and the absence of ErbB3 and WT1. Myxoma cells maintained phenotypic heterogeneity in vitro, including the expression of alpha-SMA and the presence of stress fibres. These findings document in cardiac myxoma cells phenotypic markers of the embryonic endothelial-to-mesenchymal transformation that precedes terminal differentiation of endocardial cushions, supporting the hypothesis that cardiac myxoma cells may derive from adult developmental remnants.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Orlandi
- Institute of Anatomic Pathology, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Italy.
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Orlandi A, Ferlosio A, Ciucci A, Francesconi A, Lifschitz-Mercer B, Gabbiani G, Spagnoli LG, Czernobilsky B. Cellular retinol binding protein-1 expression in endometrial hyperplasia and carcinoma: diagnostic and possible therapeutic implications. Mod Pathol 2006; 19:797-803. [PMID: 16575402 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.3800586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Cellular retinol binding protein-1 (CRBP-1) contributes to the maintenance of the differentiative state of endometrial glandular cells through the regulation of bioavailability of retinol and derivatives, but its role in endometrial oncogenetic process remains unclear. Antibodies to CRBP-1, estrogen and progesterone receptors (ER and PR) were applied to paraffin sections of proliferative (n = 10) and secretory endometrium (n = 9), and to endometrial polyps (n = 6), simple (n = 7), complex (n = 3) and atypical endometrial hyperplasias (n = 9) as well as to 47 endometrioid carcinomas of different histological grade (G) (G1, n = 18; G2, n = 19; G3, n = 10). Four serous and two clear cell carcinomas were also examined. In glandular cells, CRBP-1 positivity was mainly cytoplasmic and rarely in the nuclei. CRBP-1 immunodetection was weakly positive in proliferative and low and focal in secretory endometrium and higher in atypical as compared to simple and complex hyperplasias. CRBP-1 expression in G1 endometrioid carcinomas was similar to that in atypical hyperplasias. In the latter, the highest CRBP-1 expression was observed in areas of squamous differentiation. Semiquantitative evaluation revealed a significant decrease of cytoplasmic CRBP-1 immunoreactivity with the increase of tumor grade. Among G3 endometrioid carcinomas, 60% were CRBP-1 negative, whereas the remaining cases showed a very low and focal positivity. Serous carcinomas were also CRBP-1 negative. When areas of different grading were present within the same tumor, less differentiated areas retained a lower CRBP-1 immunoreaction. The progressive decrease of CRBP-1 paralleled that of ER and PR immunodetection. RT-PCR in eight endometrioid carcinomas suggested a decrease of CRBP-1 with the increase of tumor grade also at transcriptional level. Our results indicate that CRBP-1 immunodetection may constitute an additional tool for histological grading of endometrial carcinoma. The CRBP-1 loss during the progression of endometrial cancer suggests a new potential target for pharmacological strategies aimed to counteract its progression by increased intracellular retinol bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augusto Orlandi
- Department of Biopathology and Image Diagnostics, Institute of Anatomic Pathology, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy.
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Holvoet P, Davey PC, De Keyzer D, Doukouré M, Deridder E, Bochaton-Piallat ML, Gabbiani G, Beaufort E, Bishay K, Andrieux N, Benhabilès N, Marguerie G. Oxidized low-density lipoprotein correlates positively with toll-like receptor 2 and interferon regulatory factor-1 and inversely with superoxide dismutase-1 expression: studies in hypercholesterolemic swine and THP-1 cells. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2006; 26:1558-65. [PMID: 16690872 DOI: 10.1161/01.atv.0000226553.01555.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is associated with cardiovascular disease. Macrophages contribute to LDL oxidation, and oxidized LDL (oxLDL) affects macrophage function. We searched for the strongest gene correlates of oxLDL in macrophages in coronary plaques and studied the effect of oxLDL on their expression in THP-1 cells. METHODS AND RESULTS Gene expression in macrophages isolated from coronary plaque macrophages from hypercholesterolemic swine was measured on Agilent Human cDNA microarrays. Compared with a universal reference, 1653 transcripts were deregulated. The expression of 11 genes correlated positively and the expression of 5 genes correlated negatively with plaque oxLDL. Interferon regulatory factor-1 (IRF1; R2 = 0.69) and toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2; R2 = 0.18) were the strongest positive correlates of oxLDL. Superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) was the strongest inverse correlate of oxLDL (R2 = 0.57). Immunohistochemical analysis showed colocalization of IRF1, TLR2, and SOD1 protein in macrophages and confirmed the RNA expression data. OxLDL-induced foam cell formation in THP-1 macrophages was associated with increased expression of IRF1 and TLR2 and decreased expression of SOD1. CONCLUSIONS Our data support the hypothesis that oxLDL is a proinflammatory stimulus that induces the expression of TLR2 and IRF1, 2 important gene regulators of innate immune response, and inhibits the expression of the antioxidant SOD1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Holvoet
- Atherosclerosis and Metabolism Unit, Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Herestraat 49, PB 705, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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Hao H, Gabbiani G, Camenzind E, Bacchetta M, Virmani R, Bochaton-Piallat ML. Phenotypic Modulation of Intima and Media Smooth Muscle Cells in Fatal Cases of Coronary Artery Lesion. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2006; 26:326-32. [PMID: 16339500 DOI: 10.1161/01.atv.0000199393.74656.4c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Characterize the phenotypic features of media and intima coronary artery smooth muscle cells (SMCs) in mildly stenotic plaques, erosions, stable plaques, and in-stent restenosis. METHODS AND RESULTS Expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), smooth muscle myosin heavy chains (SMMHCs), and smoothelin was investigated by immunohistochemistry followed by morphometric quantification. The cross-sectional area and the expression of cytoskeletal proteins in the media were lower in restenotic lesions and, to a lesser extent, in stable plaques compared with mildly stenotic plaques and erosions. An important expression of alpha-SMA was detected in the intima of the different lesions; moreover, alpha-SMA staining was significantly larger in erosions compared with all other conditions. In the same location, a striking decrease of SMMHCs and a disappearance of smoothelin were observed in all situations. CONCLUSIONS Medial atrophy is prevalent in restenotic lesions and stable plaques compared with mildly stenotic plaques and erosions. Intimal SMCs of all situations exhibit a phenotypic profile, suggesting that they have modulated into myofibroblasts (MFs). The high accumulation of alpha-SMA-positive MFs in erosions compared with stable plaques correlates with the higher appearance of thrombotic complications in this situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Hao
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva-CMU, Geneva, Switzerland
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Stilli D, Bocchi L, Berni R, Zaniboni M, Cacciani F, Chaponnier C, Musso E, Gabbiani G, Clément S. Correlation of alpha-skeletal actin expression, ventricular fibrosis and heart function with the degree of pressure overload cardiac hypertrophy in rats. Exp Physiol 2006; 91:571-80. [PMID: 16452123 DOI: 10.1113/expphysiol.2005.032607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We have analysed alterations of alpha-skeletal actin expression and volume fraction of fibrosis in the ventricular myocardium and their functional counterpart in terms of arrhythmogenesis and haemodynamic variables, in rats with different degrees of compensated cardiac hypertrophy induced by infra-renal abdominal aortic coarctation. The following coarctation calibres were used: 1.3 (AC1.3 group), 0.7 (AC0.7) and 0.4 mm (AC0.4); age-matched rats were used as controls (C group). One month after surgery, spontaneous and sympathetic-induced ventricular arrhythmias were telemetrically recorded from conscious freely moving animals, and invasive haemodynamic measurements were performed in anaesthetized animals. After killing, subgroups of AC and C rats were used to evaluate in the left ventricle the expression and spatial distribution of alpha-skeletal actin and the amount of perivascular and interstitial fibrosis. As compared with C, all AC groups exhibited higher values of systolic pressure, ventricular weight and ventricular wall thickness. AC0.7 and AC0.4 rats also showed a larger amount of fibrosis and upregulation of alpha-skeletal actin expression associated with a higher vulnerability to ventricular arrhythmias (AC0.7 and AC0.4) and enhanced myocardial contractility (AC0.4). Our results illustrate the progressive changes in the extracellular matrix features accompanying early ventricular remodelling in response to different degrees of pressure overload that may be involved in the development of cardiac electrical instability. We also demonstrate for the first time a linear correlation between an increase in alpha-skeletal actin expression and the degree of compensated cardiac hypertrophy, possibly acting as an early compensatory mechanism to maintain normal mechanical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatella Stilli
- Dipartimento di Biologia Evolutiva e Funzionale-Sezione Fisiologia, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11A, 43100, Parma, Italy.
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Orlandi A, Ferlosio A, Gabbiani G, Spagnoli LG, Ehrlich PH. Phenotypic heterogeneity influences the behavior of rat aortic smooth muscle cells in collagen lattice. Exp Cell Res 2005; 311:317-27. [PMID: 16263112 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2005.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2005] [Revised: 09/16/2005] [Accepted: 10/13/2005] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Phenotypic modulation of vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) in atherosclerosis and restenosis involves responses to the surrounding microenvironment. SMCs obtained by enzymatic digestion from tunica media of newborn, young adult (YA) and old rats and from the thickened intima (TI) and underlying media of young adult rat aortas 15 days after ballooning were entrapped in floating populated collagen lattice (PCL). TI-SMCs elongated but were poor at PCL contraction and remodeling and expressed less alpha2 integrin compared to other SMCs that appeared more dendritic. During early phases of PCL contraction, SMCs showed a marked decrease in the expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin and myosin. SMCs other than TI-SMCs required 7 days to re-express alpha-smooth muscle actin and myosin. Only TI-SMCs in PCL were able to divide in 48 h, with a greater proportion in S and G2-M cell cycle phases compared to other SMCs. Anti-alpha2 integrin antibody markedly inhibited contraction but not proliferation in YA-SMC-PLCs; anti-alpha1 and anti-alpha2 integrin antibodies induced a similar slight inhibition in TI-SMC-PCLs. Finally, TI-SMCs rapidly migrated from PCL on plastic reacquiring their epithelioid phenotype. Heterogeneity in proliferation and cytoskeleton as well the capacity to remodel the extracellular matrix are maintained, when SMCs are suspended in PCLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augusto Orlandi
- Anatomic Pathology, Dept. of Biopathology and Image Diagnostics, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy.
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Baouz S, Giron-Michel J, Azzarone B, Giuliani M, Cagnoni F, Olsson S, Testi R, Gabbiani G, Canonica GW. Lung myofibroblasts as targets of salmeterol and fluticasone propionate: inhibition of alpha-SMA and NF-kappaB. Int Immunol 2005; 17:1473-81. [PMID: 16210331 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxh325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung myofibroblasts play a major role in the pathophysiology of asthma, contributing not only to tissue remodelling but also to airway inflammation. Nevertheless, only recently, attention has been focused on these cells as potential targets for anti-allergic drugs. Herein, we analysed the pharmacological response of lung myofibroblasts to beta2-agonists associated or not to inhaled corticosteroids, investigating their effects on (i) the constitutive and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta)-induced expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), the main functional marker of myofibroblastic differentiation and contractility; (ii) isometric contraction and (iii) tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)-induced nuclear translocation of the pro-inflammatory transcription factor nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB). The beta2-agonist salmeterol (SMl) has on human lung myofibroblasts new direct anti-contractile/anti-inflammatory effects that are amplified by the combined use of low concentrations of the glucocorticoid fluticasone propionate (FP). First, SMl and/or FP (10(-12) M) inhibits the constitutive and TGF-beta-induced expression of alpha-SMA. Second, the two drugs block the TNF-alpha-induced nuclear translocation of the pro-inflammatory transcription factor NF-kappaB. Finally, SMl decreases TNF- alpha-induced production of the inflammatory cytokine IL-6. The complementary anti-inflammatory/ anti-contractile effects displayed by SMl and FP on lung myofibroblasts in vitro may be related to the improvement in lung function and symptom control obtained in vivo by the early use of low doses of glucocorticoids in combination with long-acting beta2-agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soria Baouz
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale 506, Villejuif, France
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Abstract
After the first description of the myofibroblast in granulation tissue of an open wound by means of electron microscopy, as an intermediate cell between the fibroblast and the smooth muscle cell, the myofibroblast has been identified both in normal tissues, particularly in locations where there is a necessity of mechanical force development, and in pathological tissues, in relation with hypertrophic scarring, fibromatoses and fibrocontractive diseases as well as in the stroma reaction to epithelial tumors. It is now accepted that fibroblast/myofibroblast transition begins with the appearance of the protomyofibroblast, whose stress fibers contain only beta- and gamma-cytoplasmic actins and evolves, but not necessarily always, into the appearance of the differentiated myofibroblast, the most common variant of this cell, with stress fibers containing alpha-smooth muscle actin. Myofibroblast differentiation is a complex process, regulated by at least a cytokine (the transforming growth factor-beta1), an extracellular matrix component (the ED-A splice variant of cellular fibronectin), as well as the presence of mechanical tension. The myofibroblast is a key cell for the connective tissue remodeling that takes place during wound healing and fibrosis development. On this basis, the myofibroblast may represent a new important target for improving the evolution of such diseases as hypertrophic scars, and liver, kidney or pulmonary fibrosis.
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50
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Jing R, Pizzolato G, Robson RM, Gabbiani G, Skalli O. Intermediate filament protein synemin is present in human reactive and malignant astrocytes and associates with ruffled membranes in astrocytoma cells. Glia 2005; 50:107-20. [PMID: 15657940 DOI: 10.1002/glia.20158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Synemin, a very unique type VI intermediate filament (IF) protein, exhibits alternative splice variants termed alpha and beta. Unlike other IF proteins, synemin binds to actin-associated proteins, including alpha-actinin, vinculin, and alpha-dystrobrevin. Our previous work has demonstrated the presence of synemin in differentiating astrocytes. In this study, we have examined the presence of synemin in human astrocytes under pathological conditions, using rabbit antibodies raised against the C-terminal domain of human synemin produced in bacteria. Western blotting shows that astrocytic tumors contain greater amounts of alpha-synemin than do normal brain tissues. These tumors also contain beta-synemin, which is not detectable in normal brain. Immunohistochemistry demonstrates that, while synemin is present in normal adult brain only in vascular smooth muscle cells, it is newly synthesized by reactive and neoplastic astrocytes. Alpha- and beta-Synemins have also been detected by Western blotting and polymerase chain reaction in several human glioblastoma cell lines. In these cell lines, surprisingly, synemin is associated with ruffled membranes in addition to being distributed along the IF network. In ruffled membranes, synemin was found to co-localize with alpha-actinin. This unusual cellular localization for an IF protein is maintained after nocodazole-induced perinuclear coiling of the vimentin IF network. In addition, immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrate that synemin forms a complex with alpha-actinin in glioblastoma cells. Taken together with synemin localization within ruffled membranes, this finding suggests that synemin plays a role in motility of glioblastoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runfeng Jing
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy and Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana 71130, USA
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