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Nelson DA, Kazanjian I, Melendez JA, Larsen M. Senescence and fibrosis in salivary gland aging and disease. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2024; 14:231-237. [PMID: 38516126 PMCID: PMC10951459 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2024.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Salivary gland hypofunction is highly prevalent in aged and diseased individuals leading to significant discomfort and morbidity. One factor that contributes to salivary gland hypofunction is cellular aging, or senescence. Senescent cells can impair gland function by secreting paracrine-acting growth factors and cytokines, known as senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) factors. These SASP factors stimulate inflammation, propagate the senescent phenotype through the bystander effect, and stimulate fibrosis. As senotherapeutics that target senescent cells have shown effectiveness in limiting disease manifestations in other conditions, there is interest in the use of these drugs to treat salivary gland hypofunction. In this review, we highlight the contribution of senescence and fibrosis to salivary gland pathologies. We also discuss therapeutic approaches to eliminate or modulate the senescent SASP phenotype for treating age-related salivary gland diseases and extending health span.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deirdre A. Nelson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, USA
- The RNA Institute, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Isabella Kazanjian
- Department of Educational Theory and Practice, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, USA
| | - J. Andres Melendez
- College of Nanotechnology, Science, and Engineering, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Melinda Larsen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, USA
- The RNA Institute, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, USA
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Dirand Z, Maraux M, Tissot M, Chatelain B, Supp D, Viennet C, Perruche S, Rolin G. Macrophage phenotype is determinant for fibrosis development in keloid disease. Matrix Biol 2024; 128:79-92. [PMID: 38485100 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2024.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Keloid refers to a fibroproliferative disorder characterized by an accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) components at the dermis level, overgrowth beyond initial wound, and formation of tumor-like nodule areas. Treating keloid is still an unmet clinical need and the lack of an efficient therapy is clearly related to limited knowledge about keloid etiology, despite the growing interest of the scientific community in this pathology. In past decades, keloids were often studied in vitro through the sole prism of fibroblasts considered as the major effector of ECM deposition. Nevertheless, development of keloids results from cross-interactions of keloid fibroblasts (KFs) and their surrounding microenvironment, including immune cells such as macrophages. Our study aimed to evaluate the effect of M1 and M2 monocyte-derived macrophages on KFs in vitro. We focused on the effects of the macrophage secretome on fibrosis-related criteria in KFs, including proliferation, migration, differentiation, and ECM synthesis. First, we demonstrated that M2-like macrophages enhanced the fibrogenic profile of KFs in culture. Then, we surprisingly founded that M1-like macrophages can have an anti-fibrogenic effect on KFs, even in a pro-fibrotic environment. These results demonstrate, for the first time, that M1 and M2 macrophage subsets differentially impact the fibrotic fate of KFs in vitro, and suggest that restoring the M1/M2 balance to favor M1 in keloids could be an efficient therapeutic lever to prevent or treat keloid fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zélie Dirand
- Université de Franche-Comté, EFS, INSERM, UMR RIGHT, 25000 Besançon, France
| | - Mélissa Maraux
- Université de Franche-Comté, EFS, INSERM, UMR RIGHT, 25000 Besançon, France
| | - Marion Tissot
- Université de Franche-Comté, EFS, INSERM, UMR RIGHT, 25000 Besançon, France; DImaCell Imaging Resource Center, 25000 Besançon, France
| | - Brice Chatelain
- Service de Chirurgie Maxillo-faciale, Stomatologie et Odontologie Hospitalière, CHU Besançon, 25000 Besançon, France
| | - Dorothy Supp
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Scientific Staff, Shriners Children's Ohio, Dayton, Ohio, USA
| | - Céline Viennet
- Université de Franche-Comté, EFS, INSERM, UMR RIGHT, 25000 Besançon, France; DImaCell Imaging Resource Center, 25000 Besançon, France
| | - Sylvain Perruche
- Université de Franche-Comté, EFS, INSERM, UMR RIGHT, 25000 Besançon, France; MED'INN'Pharma 25000 Besançon, France
| | - Gwenaël Rolin
- Université de Franche-Comté, EFS, INSERM, UMR RIGHT, 25000 Besançon, France; DImaCell Imaging Resource Center, 25000 Besançon, France; INSERM CIC-1431, CHU Besançon, 25000 Besançon, France.
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Bektaşoğlu PK, Somay A, Hazneci J, Borekci A, Gürer B. Cinnamaldehyde has Antifibrotic Effects on Rats with Epidural Fibrosis. World Neurosurg 2024; 183:e395-e400. [PMID: 38143035 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2023.12.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Laminectomy is a widely employed surgical procedure for the treatment of spinal stenosis, but it may lead to epidural fibrosis (EF) and failed back surgery syndrome. Cinnamaldehyde, a phenylpropanoid found in cinnamon, has demonstrated antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. In the present study, we hypothesized that topical application and systemic administration of cinnamaldehyde could be helpful in the prevention of EF in a rat laminectomy model. METHODS The rats were randomly assigned to control, local, and systemic Tween-80 and local and systemic cinnamaldehyde experimental groups (n = 6, per group). In the control group, just laminectomy was performed. In local treatment groups, applications were done just after the laminectomy onto dura. In systemic treatment groups, intraperitoneal administrations were performed following skin suturing. The degree of epidural fibrosis was evaluated macroscopically and histopathologically 4 weeks later. RESULTS Macroscopic assessment revealed decreased EF with both topical and systemic cinnamaldehyde application, whereas microscopic examination results were not significant. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide the first experimental evidence of cinnamaldehyde's potential protective effects against EF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pınar Kuru Bektaşoğlu
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Health Sciences, Fatih Sultan Mehmet Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Adnan Somay
- Department of Pathology, University of Health Sciences, Fatih Sultan Mehmet Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Jülide Hazneci
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Health Sciences, Fatih Sultan Mehmet Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ali Borekci
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Health Sciences, Fatih Sultan Mehmet Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bora Gürer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Istinye University Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
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Frech S, Lichtenberger BM. Modulating embryonic signaling pathways paves the way for regeneration in wound healing. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1367425. [PMID: 38434140 PMCID: PMC10904466 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1367425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Epithelial tissues, including the skin, are highly proliferative tissues with the capability to constant renewal and regeneration, a feature that is essential for survival as the skin forms a protective barrier against external insults and water loss. In adult mammalian skin, every injury will lead to a scar. The scar tissue that is produced to seal the wound efficiently is usually rigid and lacks elasticity and the skin's original resilience to external impacts, but also secondary appendages such as hair follicles and sebaceous glands. While it was long thought that hair follicles develop solely during embryogenesis, it is becoming increasingly clear that hair follicles can also regenerate within a wound. The ability of the skin to induce hair neogenesis following injury however declines with age. As fetal and neonatal skin have the remarkable capacity to heal without scarring, the recapitulation of a neonatal state has been a primary target of recent regenerative research. In this review we highlight how modulating dermal signaling or the abundance of specific fibroblast subsets could be utilized to induce de novo hair follicles within the wound bed, and thus to shift wound repair with a scar to scarless regeneration.
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Wu MH, Liu JX, Zhang YF, Cao ZB, Song HC, Yang BY, Shi MJ, Du Y, Song J, Li XH. Bladder neck contracture following transurethral surgery of prostate: a retrospective single-center study. World J Urol 2024; 42:14. [PMID: 38189837 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-023-04715-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Bladder neck contracture (BNC) is a rare but intolerant complication after transurethral surgery of prostate. The present study aims to investigate the incidence and risk factors of BNC in patients diagnosed benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) and following transurethral resection or enucleation of the prostate (TURP/TUEP). METHODS This retrospective study included 1008 BPH individuals who underwent transurethral surgery of the prostate between January 2017 and January 2022. Patients' demographics, medical comorbidities, urologic characteristics, perioperative parameters, and the presence of BNC were documented. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to identify the risk factors. RESULTS A total of 2% (20/1008) BPH patients developed BNC postoperatively and the median occurring time was 5.8 months. Particularly, the incidences of BNC were 4.7% and 1.3% in patients underwent Bipolar-TURP and TUEP respectively. Preoperative urinary tract infection (UTI), elevated PSA, smaller prostate volume (PV), bladder diverticulum (BD), and B-TURP were significantly associated with BNC in the univariate analysis. Further multivariate logistic regression demonstrated preoperative UTI (OR 4.04, 95% CI 2.25 to 17.42, p < 0.001), BD (OR 7.40, 95% CI 1.83 to 31.66, p < 0.001), and B-TURP (OR 3.97, 95% CI 1.55 to 10.18, p = 0.004) as independent risk factors. All BNC patients were treated with transurethral incision of the bladder neck (TUIBN) combined with local multisite injection of betamethasone. During a median follow-up of 35.8 months, 35% (7/20) of BNC patients recurred at a median time of 1.8 months. CONCLUSION BNC was a low-frequency complication following transurethral surgery of prostate. Preoperative UTI, BD, and B-TURP were likely independent risk factors of BNC. TUIBN combined with local multisite injection of betamethasone may be promising choice for BNC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Hua Wu
- Department of Urology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Urology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Xin Liu
- Department of Urology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Urology, Beijing Fuxing Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Feng Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zi-Bing Cao
- Department of Urology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Urology, Beijing Miyun District Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Chen Song
- Department of Urology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Bo-Yu Yang
- Department of Urology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ming-Jun Shi
- Department of Urology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Du
- Department of Urology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Song
- Department of Urology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Xuan-Hao Li
- Department of Urology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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Kohlhauser M, Tuca A, Kamolz LP. The efficacy of adipose-derived stem cells in burn injuries: a systematic review. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2024; 29:10. [PMID: 38182971 PMCID: PMC10771009 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-023-00526-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Burn injuries can be associated with prolonged healing, infection, a substantial inflammatory response, extensive scarring, and eventually death. In recent decades, both the mortality rates and long-term survival of severe burn victims have improved significantly, and burn care research has increasingly focused on a better quality of life post-trauma. However, delayed healing, infection, pain and extensive scar formation remain a major challenge in the treatment of burns. ADSCs, a distinct type of mesenchymal stem cells, have been shown to improve the healing process. The aim of this review is to evaluate the efficacy of ADSCs in the treatment of burn injuries. METHODS A systematic review of the literature was conducted using the electronic databases PubMed, Web of Science and Embase. The basic research question was formulated with the PICO framework, whereby the usage of ADSCs in the treatment of burns in vivo was determined as the fundamental inclusion criterion. Additionally, pertinent journals focusing on burns and their treatment were screened manually for eligible studies. The review was registered in PROSPERO and reported according to the PRISMA statement. RESULTS Of the 599 publications screened, 21 were considered relevant to the key question and were included in the present review. The included studies were almost all conducted on rodents, with one exception, where pigs were investigated. 13 of the studies examined the treatment of full-thickness and eight of deep partial-thickness burn injuries. 57,1 percent of the relevant studies have demonstrated that ADSCs exhibit immunomodulatory effects during the inflammatory response. 16 studies have shown improved neovascularisation with the use of ADSCs. 14 studies report positive influences of ADSCs on granulation tissue formation, while 11 studies highlight their efficacy in promoting re-epithelialisation. 11 trials demonstrated an improvement in outcomes during the remodelling phase. CONCLUSION In conclusion, it appears that adipose-derived stem cells demonstrate remarkable efficacy in the field of regenerative medicine. However, the usage of ADSCs in the treatment of burns is still at an early experimental stage, and further investigations are required in order to examine the potential usage of ADSCs in future clinical burn care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kohlhauser
- Division of Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
| | - Alexandru Tuca
- Division of Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Department of Surgery, State Hospital Güssing, Güssing, Austria
| | - Lars-Peter Kamolz
- Division of Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- COREMED-Cooperative Centre for Regenerative Medicine, JOANNEUM RESEARCH Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, Graz, Austria
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Caven L, Carabeo R. Chlamydial YAP activation in host endocervical epithelial cells mediates pro-fibrotic paracrine stimulation of fibroblasts. mSystems 2023; 8:e0090423. [PMID: 37874141 PMCID: PMC10734534 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00904-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Chronic or repeated infection of the female upper genital tract by C. trachomatis can lead to severe fibrotic sequelae, including tubal factor infertility and ectopic pregnancy. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this effect are unclear. In this report, we define a transcriptional program specific to C. trachomatis infection of the upper genital tract, identifying tissue-specific induction of host YAP-a pro-fibrotic transcriptional cofactor-as a potential driver of infection-mediated fibrotic gene expression. Furthermore, we show that infected endocervical epithelial cells stimulate collagen production by fibroblasts and implicate chlamydial induction of YAP in this effect. Our results define a mechanism by which infection mediates tissue-level fibrotic pathology via paracrine signaling and identify YAP as a potential therapeutic target for the prevention of Chlamydia-associated scarring of the female genital tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam Caven
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Rey Carabeo
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
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Ahmed DW, Eiken MK, DePalma SJ, Helms AS, Zemans RL, Spence JR, Baker BM, Loebel C. Integrating mechanical cues with engineered platforms to explore cardiopulmonary development and disease. iScience 2023; 26:108472. [PMID: 38077130 PMCID: PMC10698280 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Mechanical forces provide critical biological signals to cells during healthy and aberrant organ development as well as during disease processes in adults. Within the cardiopulmonary system, mechanical forces, such as shear, compressive, and tensile forces, act across various length scales, and dysregulated forces are often a leading cause of disease initiation and progression such as in bronchopulmonary dysplasia and cardiomyopathies. Engineered in vitro models have supported studies of mechanical forces in a number of tissue and disease-specific contexts, thus enabling new mechanistic insights into cardiopulmonary development and disease. This review first provides fundamental examples where mechanical forces operate at multiple length scales to ensure precise lung and heart function. Next, we survey recent engineering platforms and tools that have provided new means to probe and modulate mechanical forces across in vitro and in vivo settings. Finally, the potential for interdisciplinary collaborations to inform novel therapeutic approaches for a number of cardiopulmonary diseases are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donia W. Ahmed
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Lurie Biomedical Engineering Building, 1101 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Madeline K. Eiken
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Lurie Biomedical Engineering Building, 1101 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Samuel J. DePalma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Lurie Biomedical Engineering Building, 1101 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Adam S. Helms
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Rachel L. Zemans
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine – Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jason R. Spence
- Department of Internal Medicine – Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Brendon M. Baker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Lurie Biomedical Engineering Building, 1101 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Claudia Loebel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Lurie Biomedical Engineering Building, 1101 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Basalova N, Alexandrushkina N, Grigorieva O, Kulebyakina M, Efimenko A. Fibroblast Activation Protein Alpha (FAPα) in Fibrosis: Beyond a Perspective Marker for Activated Stromal Cells? Biomolecules 2023; 13:1718. [PMID: 38136590 PMCID: PMC10742035 DOI: 10.3390/biom13121718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of tissue fibrosis is a complex process involving the interaction of multiple cell types, which makes the search for antifibrotic agents rather challenging. So far, myofibroblasts have been considered the key cell type that mediated the development of fibrosis and thus was the main target for therapy. However, current strategies aimed at inhibiting myofibroblast function or eliminating them fail to demonstrate sufficient effectiveness in clinical practice. Therefore, today, there is an unmet need to search for more reliable cellular targets to contribute to fibrosis resolution or the inhibition of its progression. Activated stromal cells, capable of active proliferation and invasive growth into healthy tissue, appear to be such a target population due to their more accessible localization in the tissue and their high susceptibility to various regulatory signals. This subpopulation is marked by fibroblast activation protein alpha (FAPα). For a long time, FAPα was considered exclusively a marker of cancer-associated fibroblasts. However, accumulating data are emerging on the diverse functions of FAPα, which suggests that this protein is not only a marker but also plays an important role in fibrosis development and progression. This review aims to summarize the current data on the expression, regulation, and function of FAPα regarding fibrosis development and identify promising advances in the area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataliya Basalova
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Medical Research and Educational Centre, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119192 Moscow, Russia (O.G.); (A.E.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119192 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Natalya Alexandrushkina
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Medical Research and Educational Centre, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119192 Moscow, Russia (O.G.); (A.E.)
| | - Olga Grigorieva
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Medical Research and Educational Centre, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119192 Moscow, Russia (O.G.); (A.E.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119192 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Maria Kulebyakina
- Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119192 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Anastasia Efimenko
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Medical Research and Educational Centre, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119192 Moscow, Russia (O.G.); (A.E.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119192 Moscow, Russia;
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Rajan AM, Rosin NL, Labit E, Biernaskie J, Liao S, Huang P. Single-cell analysis reveals distinct fibroblast plasticity during tenocyte regeneration in zebrafish. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadi5771. [PMID: 37967180 PMCID: PMC10651129 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi5771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Despite their importance in tissue maintenance and repair, fibroblast diversity and plasticity remain poorly understood. Using single-cell RNA sequencing, we uncover distinct sclerotome-derived fibroblast populations in zebrafish, including progenitor-like perivascular/interstitial fibroblasts, and specialized fibroblasts such as tenocytes. To determine fibroblast plasticity in vivo, we develop a laser-induced tendon ablation and regeneration model. Lineage tracing reveals that laser-ablated tenocytes are quickly regenerated by preexisting fibroblasts. By combining single-cell clonal analysis and live imaging, we demonstrate that perivascular/interstitial fibroblasts actively migrate to the injury site, where they proliferate and give rise to new tenocytes. By contrast, perivascular fibroblast-derived pericytes or specialized fibroblasts, including tenocytes, exhibit no regenerative plasticity. Active Hedgehog (Hh) signaling is required for the proliferation of activated fibroblasts to ensure efficient tenocyte regeneration. Together, our work highlights the functional diversity of fibroblasts and establishes perivascular/interstitial fibroblasts as tenocyte progenitors that promote tendon regeneration in a Hh signaling-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arsheen M. Rajan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Nicole L. Rosin
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Elodie Labit
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Jeff Biernaskie
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Shan Liao
- Inflammation Research Network, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Peng Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
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11
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South AP, Laimer M, Gueye M, Sui JY, Eichenfield LF, Mellerio JE, Nyström A. Type VII Collagen Deficiency in the Oncogenesis of Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa. J Invest Dermatol 2023; 143:2108-2119. [PMID: 37327859 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2023.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa is a rare genetic skin disorder caused by COL7A1 sequence variations that result in type VII collagen deficits and cutaneous and extracutaneous manifestations. One serious complication of dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa is cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, a leading driver of morbidity and mortality, especially among patients with recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa. Type VII collagen deficits alter TGFβ signaling and evoke multiple other cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma progression-promoting activities within epidermal microenvironments. This review examines cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma pathophysiology in dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa with a focus on known oncogenesis pathways at play and explores the idea that therapeutic type VII collagen replacement may reduce cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P South
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
| | - Martin Laimer
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology and EB House Austria, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | | | - Jennifer Y Sui
- Departments of Dermatology and Pediatrics, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, California, USA; Division of Pediatric Dermatology, Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Lawrence F Eichenfield
- Departments of Dermatology and Pediatrics, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, California, USA; Division of Pediatric Dermatology, Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Jemima E Mellerio
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander Nyström
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Faculty, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies, Freiburg, Germany
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12
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Dirand Z, Tissot M, Chatelain B, Viennet C, Rolin G. Is Spheroid a Relevant Model to Address Fibrogenesis in Keloid Research? Biomedicines 2023; 11:2350. [PMID: 37760792 PMCID: PMC10526056 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Keloid refers to a fibro-proliferative disorder characterized by an accumulation of extracellular matrix at the dermis level, overgrowing beyond the initial wound and forming tumor-like nodule areas. The absence of treatment for keloid is clearly related to limited knowledge about keloid etiology. In vitro, keloids were classically studied through fibroblasts monolayer culture, far from keloid in vivo complexity. Today, cell aggregates cultured as 3D spheroid have gained in popularity as new tools to mimic tissue in vitro. However, no previously published works on spheroids have specifically focused on keloids yet. Thus, we hypothesized that spheroids made of keloid fibroblasts (KFs) could be used to model fibrogenesis in vitro. Our objective was to qualify spheroids made from KFs and cultured in a basal or pro-fibrotic environment (+TGF-β1). As major parameters for fibrogenesis assessment, we evaluated apoptosis, myofibroblast differentiation and response to TGF-β1, extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis, and ECM-related genes regulation in KFs spheroids. We surprisingly observed that fibrogenic features of KFs are strongly downregulated when cells are cultured in 3D. In conclusion, we believe that spheroid is not the most appropriate model to address fibrogenesis in keloid, but it constitutes an efficient model to study the deactivation of fibrotic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zélie Dirand
- Université de Franche-Comté, Sciences Médicales et Pharmaceutiques, EFS, INSERM, UMR RIGHT, 25000 Besançon, France; (Z.D.)
| | - Marion Tissot
- Université de Franche-Comté, Sciences Médicales et Pharmaceutiques, EFS, INSERM, UMR RIGHT, 25000 Besançon, France; (Z.D.)
| | - Brice Chatelain
- Service de Chirurgie Maxillo-Faciale, Stomatologie et Odontologie Hospitalière, CHU Besançon, 25000 Besançon, France
| | - Céline Viennet
- Université de Franche-Comté, Sciences Médicales et Pharmaceutiques, EFS, INSERM, UMR RIGHT, 25000 Besançon, France; (Z.D.)
| | - Gwenaël Rolin
- Université de Franche-Comté, Sciences Médicales et Pharmaceutiques, CHU Besançon EFS, INSERM, UMR RIGHT, 25000 Besançon, France
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13
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Aggarwal K, Arora S, Nagpal K. Pulmonary Fibrosis: Unveiling the Pathogenesis, Exploring Therapeutic Targets, and Advancements in Drug Delivery Strategies. AAPS PharmSciTech 2023; 24:152. [PMID: 37442839 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-023-02618-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is an ailment with no cure and a very high rate of progression that ultimately leads to death. The exact reason for this disease is still not acknowledged. Many underlying mechanisms of wound healing and various types of stimuli that trigger the pathogenesis of IPF continue to be intensively explored. The exact therapy for the reversal of this disease is not yet known and is constantly in progress. Existing treatments only slow down the process or mitigate the symptoms to enhance the patient's healthcare system. The only two Food and Drug Administration-approved oral medications include pirfenidone and nintedanib whose high dose and systemic circulation can have side effects to a greater extent. Further research on restorative and extra-curative therapies for IPF is necessary due to the absence of viable therapeutic choices. To assure minimum off-targeted site delivery and longer duration of action, techniques that offer a sustainable release of the drug, better bioavailability, and patient compliance can be used.The work is an overview of the main therapeutic targets and pertinent developing therapies for the management of IPF. This study is an attempt to focus on various drug delivery systems that are responsible for showing effectiveness in defense mechanisms against IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirti Aggarwal
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, U.P, Noida, 201303, India
| | - Sandeep Arora
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, U.P, Noida, 201303, India
| | - Kalpana Nagpal
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, U.P, Noida, 201303, India.
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14
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Jacobi H, Vieri M, Bütow M, Namasu CY, Flüter L, Costa IG, Maié T, Lindemann-Docter K, Chatain N, Beier F, Huber M, Wagner W, Crysandt M, Brümmendorf TH, Schemionek M. Myelofibrosis at diagnosis is associated with the failure of treatment-free remission in CML patients. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1212392. [PMID: 37469867 PMCID: PMC10352620 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1212392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The management of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) has been revolutionized by the introduction of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), which induce deep molecular responses so that treatment can eventually be discontinued, leading to treatment-free remission (TFR) in a subset of patients. Unfortunately, leukemic stem cells (LSCs) often persist and a fraction of these can again expand in about half of patients that attempt TKI discontinuation. In this study, we show that presence of myelofibrosis (MF) at the time of diagnosis is a factor associating with TFR failure. Fibrotic transformation is governed by the action of several cytokines, and interestingly, some of them have also been described to support LSC persistence. At the cellular level, these could be produced by both malignant cells and by components of the bone marrow (BM) niche, including megakaryocytes (MKs) and mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). In our cohort of 57 patients, around 40% presented with MF at diagnosis and the number of blasts in the peripheral blood and BM was significantly elevated in patients with higher grade of MF. Employing a CML transgenic mouse model, we could observe higher levels of alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in the BM when compared to control mice. Short-term treatment with the TKI nilotinib, efficiently reduced spleen weight and BCR::ABL1 mRNA levels, while α-SMA expression was only partially reduced. Interestingly, the number of MKs was increased in the spleen of CML mice and elevated in both BM and spleen upon nilotinib treatment. Analysis of human CML-vs healthy donor (HD)-derived MSCs showed an altered expression of gene signatures reflecting fibrosis as well as hematopoietic support, thus suggesting MSCs as a potential player in these two processes. Finally, in our cohort, 12 patients qualified for TKI discontinuation, and here we observed that all patients who failed TFR had BM fibrosis at diagnosis, whereas this was only the case in 25% of patients with achieved TFR, further supporting the link between fibrosis and LSC persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrike Jacobi
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf (CIO ABCD), Aachen, Germany
| | - Margherita Vieri
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf (CIO ABCD), Aachen, Germany
| | - Marlena Bütow
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf (CIO ABCD), Aachen, Germany
| | - Carolina Y. Namasu
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Laura Flüter
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ivan G. Costa
- Institute for Computational Genomics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Tiago Maié
- Institute for Computational Genomics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Nicolas Chatain
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf (CIO ABCD), Aachen, Germany
| | - Fabian Beier
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf (CIO ABCD), Aachen, Germany
| | - Michael Huber
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Immunology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wagner
- Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf (CIO ABCD), Aachen, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Aachen, Germany
| | - Martina Crysandt
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf (CIO ABCD), Aachen, Germany
| | - Tim H. Brümmendorf
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf (CIO ABCD), Aachen, Germany
| | - Mirle Schemionek
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf (CIO ABCD), Aachen, Germany
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15
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Hyuga T, Fujimoto K, Hashimoto D, Tanabe K, Kubo T, Nakamura S, Ueda Y, Fujita-Jimbo E, Muramatsu K, Suzuki K, Osaka H, Asamura S, Moriya K, Nakai H, Yamada G. Wound healing responses of urinary extravasation after urethral injury. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10628. [PMID: 37391520 PMCID: PMC10313654 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37610-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The post-surgical fluid leakage from the tubular tissues is a critical symptom after gastrointestinal or urinary tract surgeries. Elucidating the mechanism for such abnormalities is vital in surgical and medical science. The exposure of the fluid such as peritonitis due to urinary or gastrointestinal perforation has been reported to induce severe inflammation to the surrounding tissue. However, there have been no reports for the tissue responses by fluid extravasation and assessment of post-surgical and injury complication processes is therefore vital. The current model mouse study aims to investigate the effect of the urinary extravasation of the urethral injuries. Analyses on the urinary extravasation affecting both urethral mesenchyme and epithelium and the resultant spongio-fibrosis/urethral stricture were performed. The urine was injected from the lumen of urethra exposing the surrounding mesenchyme after the injury. The wound healing responses with urinary extravasation were shown as severe edematous mesenchymal lesions with the narrow urethral lumen. The epithelial cell proliferation was significantly increased in the wide layers. The mesenchymal spongio-fibrosis was induced by urethral injury with subsequent extravasation. The current report thus offers a novel research tool for surgical sciences on the urinary tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiju Hyuga
- Department of Developmental Genetics Institute of Advanced Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Kimiidera 811-1, Wakayama City, Wakayama, 641-8509, Japan.
- Department of Pediatric Urology, Jichi Medical University Children's Medical Center Tochigi, Yakushiji 3311-1, Shimotsuke City, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan.
| | - Kota Fujimoto
- Department of Developmental Genetics Institute of Advanced Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Kimiidera 811-1, Wakayama City, Wakayama, 641-8509, Japan
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, Kimiidera 811-1, Wakayama City, Wakayama, 641-8509, Japan
| | - Daiki Hashimoto
- Department of Developmental Genetics Institute of Advanced Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Kimiidera 811-1, Wakayama City, Wakayama, 641-8509, Japan
| | - Kazuya Tanabe
- Department of Pediatric Urology, Jichi Medical University Children's Medical Center Tochigi, Yakushiji 3311-1, Shimotsuke City, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Taro Kubo
- Department of Pediatric Urology, Jichi Medical University Children's Medical Center Tochigi, Yakushiji 3311-1, Shimotsuke City, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Shigeru Nakamura
- Department of Pediatric Urology, Jichi Medical University Children's Medical Center Tochigi, Yakushiji 3311-1, Shimotsuke City, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Yuko Ueda
- Department of Urology, Wakayama Medical University, Kimiidera 811-1, Wakayama City, Wakayama, 641-8509, Japan
| | - Eriko Fujita-Jimbo
- Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Yakushiji 3311-1, Shimotsuke City, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Muramatsu
- Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Yakushiji 3311-1, Shimotsuke City, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Kentaro Suzuki
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Takeda 4-4-37, Kofu City, Yamanashi, 400-8510, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Osaka
- Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Yakushiji 3311-1, Shimotsuke City, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Shinichi Asamura
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, Kimiidera 811-1, Wakayama City, Wakayama, 641-8509, Japan
| | - Kimihiko Moriya
- Department of Pediatric Urology, Jichi Medical University Children's Medical Center Tochigi, Yakushiji 3311-1, Shimotsuke City, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Hideo Nakai
- Department of Pediatric Urology, Jichi Medical University Children's Medical Center Tochigi, Yakushiji 3311-1, Shimotsuke City, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Gen Yamada
- Department of Developmental Genetics Institute of Advanced Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Kimiidera 811-1, Wakayama City, Wakayama, 641-8509, Japan.
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, Kimiidera 811-1, Wakayama City, Wakayama, 641-8509, Japan.
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16
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Fitzpatrick X, Fayzullin A, Wang G, Parker L, Dokos S, Guller A. Cells-in-Touch: 3D Printing in Reconstruction and Modelling of Microscopic Biological Geometries for Education and Future Research Applications. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:687. [PMID: 37370618 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10060687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Additive manufacturing (3D printing) and computer-aided design (CAD) still have limited uptake in biomedical and bioengineering research and education, despite the significant potential of these technologies. The utility of organ-scale 3D-printed models of living structures is widely appreciated, while the workflows for microscopy data translation into tactile accessible replicas are not well developed yet. Here, we demonstrate an accessible and reproducible CAD-based methodology for generating 3D-printed scalable models of human cells cultured in vitro and imaged using conventional scanning confocal microscopy with fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing. We termed this technology CiTo-3DP (Cells-in-Touch for 3D Printing). As a proof-of-concept, we created dismountable CiTo-3DP models of human epithelial, mesenchymal, and neural cells by using selectively stained nuclei and cytoskeletal components. We also provide educational and research context for the presented cellular models. In the future, the CiTo-3DP approach can be adapted to different imaging and 3D printing modalities and comprehensively present various cell types, subcellular structures, and extracellular matrices. The resulting CAD and 3D printed models could be used for a broad spectrum of education and research applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Fitzpatrick
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- The Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Alexey Fayzullin
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia
- World-Class Research Center "Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare", Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Gonglei Wang
- The Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Lindsay Parker
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Socrates Dokos
- The Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Anna Guller
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- The Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
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17
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Caven LT, Carabeo RA. The role of infected epithelial cells in Chlamydia-associated fibrosis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1208302. [PMID: 37265500 PMCID: PMC10230099 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1208302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Ocular, genital, and anogenital infection by the obligate intracellular pathogen Chlamydia trachomatis have been consistently associated with scar-forming sequelae. In cases of chronic or repeated infection of the female genital tract, infection-associated fibrosis of the fallopian tubes can result in ectopic pregnancy or infertility. In light of this urgent concern to public health, the underlying mechanism of C. trachomatis-associated scarring is a topic of ongoing study. Fibrosis is understood to be an outcome of persistent injury and/or dysregulated wound healing, in which an aberrantly activated myofibroblast population mediates hypertrophic remodeling of the basement membrane via deposition of collagens and other components of the extracellular matrix, as well as induction of epithelial cell proliferation via growth factor signaling. Initial study of infection-associated immune cell recruitment and pro-inflammatory signaling have suggested the cellular paradigm of chlamydial pathogenesis, wherein inflammation-associated tissue damage and fibrosis are the indirect result of an immune response to the pathogen initiated by host epithelial cells. However, recent work has revealed more direct routes by which C. trachomatis may induce scarring, such as infection-associated induction of growth factor signaling and pro-fibrotic remodeling of the extracellular matrix. Additionally, C. trachomatis infection has been shown to induce an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in host epithelial cells, prompting transdifferentiation into a myofibroblast-like phenotype. In this review, we summarize the field's current understanding of Chlamydia-associated fibrosis, reviewing key new findings and identifying opportunities for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam T. Caven
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Rey A. Carabeo
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
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18
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Abdelhady R, Cavalu S, Saber S, Elmowafy R, Morsy NE, Ibrahim S, Abdeldaiem MSI, Samy M, Abd-Eldayem MA, Shata A, Elgharabawy RM. Mirtazepine, an atypical antidepressant, mitigates lung fibrosis by suppressing NLPR3 inflammasome and fibrosis-related mediators in endotracheal bleomycin rat model. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 161:114553. [PMID: 36934553 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive and irreversible lung disease with a poor prognosis. There is currently no definitive cure for IPF. The present study establishes a platform for the development of a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of PF using the atypical antidepressant, mirtazapine. In the endotracheal bleomycin rat model, mirtazapine interfered with the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome via downregulating the NLRP3 on the gene and protein expression levels. Accordingly, the downstream mediators IL-1β and IL-18 were repressed. Such observation is potentially a direct result of the reported improvement in oxidative stress. Additionally, mirtazapine corrected the bleomycin-induced disparities in the levels of the fibrogenic mediators TGF-β, PDGF-BB, and TIMP-1, in consequence, the lung content of hydroxyproline and the expression of α-SMA were reduced. Besides, mirtazapine curbed the ICAM-1 and the chemotactic cytokines MCP-1 and CXCL4. This protective property of mirtazapine resulted in improving the BALF total and differential cell counts, diminishing LDH activity, and reducing the BALF total protein. Moreover, the inflammation and fibrosis scores were accordingly lower. To conclude, we reveal for the first time the efficacy of mirtazapine as a potential treatment for PF. The combination of social isolation, sleep problems, breathing difficulties, and fear of death can lead to psychological distress and depression in patients with IPF. Hence, mirtazapine is a promising treatment option that may improve the prognosis for IPF patients due to its antifibrotic effects, as well as its ability to alleviate depressive episodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha Abdelhady
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Fayoum University, Fayoum 63514, Egypt.
| | - Simona Cavalu
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, P-ta 1 Decembrie 10, 410087 Oradea, Romania.
| | - Sameh Saber
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa 11152, Egypt.
| | - Rasha Elmowafy
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
| | - Nesreen Elsayed Morsy
- Pulmonary Medicine Department, Mansoura University Sleep Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
| | - Samar Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, Giza 12451, Egypt.
| | | | - Mervat Samy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
| | - Marwa A Abd-Eldayem
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University, New Damietta, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed Shata
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa 11152, Egypt.
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19
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Ruliffson BNK, Whittington CF. Regulating Lymphatic Vasculature in Fibrosis: Understanding the Biology to Improve the Modeling. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2023; 7:e2200158. [PMID: 36792967 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202200158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Fibrosis occurs in many chronic diseases with lymphatic vascular insufficiency (e.g., kidney disease, tumors, and lymphedema). New lymphatic capillary growth can be triggered by fibrosis-related tissue stiffening and soluble factors, but questions remain for how related biomechanical, biophysical, and biochemical cues affect lymphatic vascular growth and function. The current preclinical standard for studying lymphatics is animal modeling, but in vitro and in vivo outcomes often do not align. In vitro models can also be limited in their ability to separate vascular growth and function as individual outcomes, and fibrosis is not traditionally included in model design. Tissue engineering provides an opportunity to address in vitro limitations and mimic microenvironmental features that impact lymphatic vasculature. This review discusses fibrosis-related lymphatic vascular growth and function in disease and the current state of in vitro lymphatic vascular models while highlighting relevant knowledge gaps. Additional insights into the future of in vitro lymphatic vascular models demonstrate how prioritizing fibrosis alongside lymphatics will help capture the complexity and dynamics of lymphatics in disease. Overall, this review aims to emphasize that an advanced understanding of lymphatics within a fibrotic disease-enabled through more accurate preclinical modeling-will significantly impact therapeutic development toward restoring lymphatic vessel growth and function in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian N K Ruliffson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100 Institute Rd., Worcester, MA, 01609, USA
| | - Catherine F Whittington
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100 Institute Rd., Worcester, MA, 01609, USA
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20
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Horii Y, Matsuda S, Toyota C, Morinaga T, Nakaya T, Tsuchiya S, Ohmuraya M, Hironaka T, Yoshiki R, Kasai K, Yamauchi Y, Takizawa N, Nagasaka A, Tanaka A, Kosako H, Nakaya M. VGLL3 is a mechanosensitive protein that promotes cardiac fibrosis through liquid-liquid phase separation. Nat Commun 2023; 14:550. [PMID: 36754961 PMCID: PMC9908974 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36189-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Myofibroblasts cause tissue fibrosis by producing extracellular matrix proteins, such as collagens. Humoral factors like TGF-β, and matrix stiffness are important for collagen production by myofibroblasts. However, the molecular mechanisms regulating their ability to produce collagen remain poorly characterised. Here, we show that vestigial-like family member 3 (VGLL3) is specifically expressed in myofibroblasts from mouse and human fibrotic hearts and promotes collagen production. Further, substrate stiffness triggers VGLL3 translocation into the nucleus through the integrin β1-Rho-actin pathway. In the nucleus, VGLL3 undergoes liquid-liquid phase separation via its low-complexity domain and is incorporated into non-paraspeckle NONO condensates containing EWS RNA-binding protein 1 (EWSR1). VGLL3 binds EWSR1 and suppresses miR-29b, which targets collagen mRNA. Consistently, cardiac fibrosis after myocardial infarction is significantly attenuated in Vgll3-deficient mice, with increased miR-29b expression. Overall, our results reveal an unrecognised VGLL3-mediated pathway that controls myofibroblasts' collagen production, representing a novel therapeutic target for tissue fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuma Horii
- Department of Disease Control, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shoichi Matsuda
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Chikashi Toyota
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takumi Morinaga
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takeo Nakaya
- Department of Pathology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Soken Tsuchiya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Masaki Ohmuraya
- Department of Genetics, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Takanori Hironaka
- Department of Disease Control, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ryo Yoshiki
- Department of Disease Control, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kotaro Kasai
- Department of Disease Control, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuto Yamauchi
- Department of Disease Control, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Noburo Takizawa
- Department of Disease Control, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Akiomi Nagasaka
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Akira Tanaka
- Department of Pathology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Kosako
- Division of Cell Signaling, Fujii Memorial Institute of Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Michio Nakaya
- Department of Disease Control, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan. .,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan. .,AMED-PRIME, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan.
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21
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Assar DH, Mokhbatly AAA, ELazab MFA, Ghazy EW, Gaber AA, Elbialy ZI, Hassan AA, Nabil A, Asa SA. Silver nanoparticles induced testicular damage targeting NQO1 and APE1 dysregulation, apoptosis via Bax/Bcl-2 pathway, fibrosis via TGF-β/α-SMA upregulation in rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:26308-26326. [PMID: 36367645 PMCID: PMC9995601 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23876-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In medicine, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are employed often. They do, however, have negative impacts, particularly on the reproductive organs. This research aimed to assess AgNP impact on the testis and the possible intracellular mechanisms to induce testicular deteriorations in rats at various concentrations and different time intervals. Sprague Dawley rats (n = 40) were allocated into four equal groups: the control one, and three other groups injected intra-peritoneally with AgNP solution 0.25, 0.5, and 1 mg/kg b.w. respectively for 15 and 30 days. Our findings revealed that AgNPs reduced body and testicular weights, estradiol (E2) and testosterone (T) hormone levels, and sperm parameters while elevating the nitric oxide and malondialdehyde levels with inhibition of reduced glutathione contents in testicular tissue. Interestingly, AgNPs significantly upregulated the testicular inducible nitric oxide synthase, B cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2)-associated X, transforming growth factor, and alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression levels. However, apurinic/apyrimidinic endo deoxyribonuclease 1 (APE1), NAD (P) H quinone dehydrogenase 1 (NQO1), and Bcl-2 expression levels were all downregulated indicating exhaustion of body antioxidant and repairing defense mechanisms in testicles in comparison with the control rats. Various histological alterations were also detected which dramatically increased in rats sacrificed after 30 days such as loss of the lining cells of seminiferous tubules with no spermatozoa and tubular irregularities associated with thickening of their basement membranes. Immunolabeling implicated in the apoptotic pathway revealed a negative expression of Bcl-2 and marked immunoreactivity for caspase-3 after 30 days of AgNP treatment in comparison to the control rats. To our knowledge, there have been no previous publications on the role of the α-SMA, APE1, and NQO1 genes in the molecular pathogenesis of AgNP testicular cytotoxicity following AgNP acute and chronic exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doaa H. Assar
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33516 Egypt
| | - Abd-Allah A. Mokhbatly
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33516 Egypt
| | - Mohamed F. Abou ELazab
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33516 Egypt
| | - Emad W. Ghazy
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33516 Egypt
| | - Ahmed A. Gaber
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33516 Egypt
| | - Zizy I. Elbialy
- Department of Fish Processing and Biotechnology, Faculty of Aquatic and Fisheries Sciences, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33516 Egypt
| | - Ayman A. Hassan
- High Technological Institute of Applied Health Sciences, Egypt Liver Research Institute and Hospital (ELRIAH), Sherbin, ElMansora Egypt
| | - Ahmed Nabil
- Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt, Egypt Liver Research Institute and Hospital (ELRIAH), Sherbin, ElMansora Egypt
| | - Samah Abou Asa
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33516 Egypt
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22
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Sueters J, Groenman FA, Bouman MB, Roovers JPW, de Vries R, Smit TH, Huirne JAF. Tissue Engineering Neovagina for Vaginoplasty in Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser Syndrome and Gender Dysphoria Patients: A Systematic Review. TISSUE ENGINEERING. PART B, REVIEWS 2023; 29:28-46. [PMID: 35819292 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2022.0067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Background: Vaginoplasty is a surgical solution to multiple disorders, including Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome and male-to-female gender dysphoria. Using nonvaginal tissues for these reconstructions is associated with many complications, and autologous vaginal tissue may not be sufficient. The potential of tissue engineering for vaginoplasty was studied through a systematic bibliography search. Cell types, biomaterials, and signaling factors were analyzed by investigating advantages, disadvantages, complications, and research quantity. Search Methods: A systematic search was performed in Medline, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Scopus until March 8, 2022. Term combinations for tissue engineering, guided tissue regeneration, regenerative medicine, and tissue scaffold were applied, together with vaginoplasty and neovagina. The snowball method was performed on references and a Google Scholar search on the first 200 hits. Original research articles on human and/or animal subjects that met the inclusion (reconstruction of vaginal tissue and tissue engineering method) and no exclusion criteria (not available as full text; written in foreign language; nonoriginal study article; genital surgery other than neovaginal reconstruction; and vaginal reconstruction with autologous or allogenic tissue without tissue engineering or scaffold) were assessed. The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) checklist, the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, and the Gold Standard Publication Checklist were used to evaluate article quality and bias. Outcomes: A total of 31 out of 1569 articles were included. Data extraction was based on cell origin and type, biomaterial nature and composition, host species, number of hosts and controls, neovaginal size, replacement fraction, and signaling factors. An overview of used tissue engineering methods for neovaginal formation was created, showing high variance of cell types, biomaterials, and signaling factors and the same topics were rarely covered multiple times. Autologous vaginal cells and extracellular matrix-based biomaterials showed preferential properties, and stem cells carry potential. However, quality confirmation of orthotopic cell-seeded acellular vaginal matrix by clinical trials is needed as well as exploration of signaling factors for vaginoplasty. Impact statement General article quality was weak to sufficient due to unreported cofounders and incomplete animal study descriptions. Article quality and heterogenicity made identification of optimal cell types, biomaterials, or signaling factors unreliable. However, trends showed that autologous cells prevent complications and compatibility issues such as healthy cell destruction, whereas stem cells prevent cross talk (interference of signaling pathways by signals from other cell types) and rejection (but need confirmation testing beyond animal trials). Natural (orthotopic) extracellular matrix biomaterials have great preferential properties that encourage future research, and signaling factors for vascularization are important for tissue engineering of full-sized neovagina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayson Sueters
- Department of Gynaecology and Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Freek A Groenman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Centre of Expertise on Gender Dysphoria, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mark-Bram Bouman
- Centre of Expertise on Gender Dysphoria, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Paul W Roovers
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ralph de Vries
- Medical Library, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Theo H Smit
- Department of Gynaecology and Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam UMC location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Judith A F Huirne
- Department of Gynaecology and Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Research Institute Reproduction and Development, Amsterdam UMC location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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23
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Chen C, Chen Y, Lan YJ, Tian MN, Zhang YM, Lei ZY, Fan DL. Effects of substrate topography on the regulation of human fibroblasts and capsule formation via modulating macrophage polarization. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2023; 222:113086. [PMID: 36542953 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.113086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The host-material interface is critical in determining the successful integration of medical devices into human tissue. The surface topography can regulate the fibrous capsule formation around implants through macrophage polarization, but the exact mechanism remains unclear. In this study, four types of microgrooves (10 or 50 µm in groove depths and 50 or 200 µm in groove widths) were fabricated on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) using lithography. The microgroove surfaces were characterized using the laser scanning confocal microscopy and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The effect of surface topography on macrophage phenotypes and conditioned medium (CM) collected from macrophages on human foreskin fibroblast 1 (HFF-1) were investigated. The result revealed that a deeper and narrower microgroove structure means a rougher surface. Macrophages tended to adhere and aggregate on group 50-50 surface (groove depths and widths of 50 µm). THP-1 cell polarized toward both inflammatory M1 and anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages on the surface of each group. Meanwhile, CM from macrophages culture on PDMS differentially up-regulated the proliferation, migration and fibrosis of HFF-1. Among them, the group 50-50 had the strongest promoting effect. In vivo, the inflammatory response and fibrotic capsule around the implants were observed at 1 week and 4 weeks. As time passed, the inflammatory response decreased, while the capsule thickness continued to increase. The rough material surface was more inclined to develop a severe fibrotic encapsulation. In conclusion, this finding further suggested a potential immunomodulatory effect of macrophages in mediating the fibrotic response to implants and facilitated the design of biomaterial interfaces for improving tissue integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Chen
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Xinqiao Road, Sha Ping Ba District, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Yao Chen
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Xinqiao Road, Sha Ping Ba District, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Yu-Jie Lan
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Xinqiao Road, Sha Ping Ba District, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Meng-Nan Tian
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Xinqiao Road, Sha Ping Ba District, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Yi-Ming Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Xinqiao Road, Sha Ping Ba District, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Ze-Yuan Lei
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Xinqiao Road, Sha Ping Ba District, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Dong-Li Fan
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Xinqiao Road, Sha Ping Ba District, Chongqing 400037, China.
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24
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Paping A, Basler C, Melchior K, Ehrlich L, Thiele M, Duda GN, Henrich W, Braun T. Intraoperative ultrasound during repeat cesarean delivery facilitates sampling of uterine scar tissue. J Perinat Med 2023; 51:87-96. [PMID: 36394552 DOI: 10.1515/jpm-2022-0334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Histological examination of uterine scars provides insight into uterine wound healing and helps to develop prevention methods of uterine wall rupture after previous uterine surgery. Therefore, exact intraoperative scar identification is needed for specimen collection from the actual scar tissue. The aim of this study was to correlate pre- and intraoperative ultrasound measurements of the lower uterine segment (LUS) with histological findings of scar tissue and to evaluate the relevance of intraoperative ultrasound. METHODS In a prospective observational study, preoperative and intraoperative sonographic measurements of the LUS thickness were performed in 33 women with a history of at least one cesarean delivery. Intraoperative ultrasound with a linear transducer placed directly on the uterus identified the scar area and uterotomy was performed 2 cm cranially. Tissue samples were taken after extraction of the fetus, embedded in paraffin wax, and stained according to Gomori Trichrome to identify scar tissue. Collagen content was evaluated with imaging software Fiji (NIH, Bethesda, USA). Preoperative and intraoperative sonographic measurements were correlated with histologic evidence of scar tissue. RESULTS Histological evidence of scar tissue was found in 11 out of 33 samples with significantly lower ultrasonographic thickness of the lower uterine segment compared to the other 22 samples, both antepartum (1.4 mm [1.3-1.9] vs. 2.0 mm [1.6-2.6], p=0.03) and intrapartum (1.6 mm [1.3-1.9] vs. 3.7 mm [2.0-4.7], p<0.01). Intraoperative ultrasound had a significantly higher predictive power (AUC difference 0.18 [0.03-0.33], p=0.01). CONCLUSIONS Intraoperative sonography identifies the uterine wall area with histologically confirmable scar tissue far better than preoperative sonography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Paping
- Department of Obstetrics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Division of 'Experimental Obstetrics', Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Clara Basler
- Division of 'Experimental Obstetrics', Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kerstin Melchior
- Division of 'Experimental Obstetrics', Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Loreen Ehrlich
- Division of 'Experimental Obstetrics', Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mario Thiele
- Julius Wolff Institute and Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Georg N Duda
- Julius Wolff Institute and Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Henrich
- Department of Obstetrics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thorsten Braun
- Department of Obstetrics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Division of 'Experimental Obstetrics', Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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25
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Cairo F, Burkhardt R. Minimal invasiveness in gingival augmentation and root coverage procedures. Periodontol 2000 2023; 91:45-64. [PMID: 36694255 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Minimally invasive surgical procedures aim at optimal wound healing, a reduction of postoperative morbidity and, thus, at increased patient satisfaction. The present article reviews the concept of minimal invasiveness in gingival augmentation and root coverage procedures, and critically discusses the influencing factors, technical and nontechnical ones, and relates them to the underlying biological mechanisms. Furthermore, the corresponding outcomes of the respective procedures are assessed and evaluated in relation to a possible impact of a minimized surgical invasiveness on the clinical, aesthetic, and patient-related results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Cairo
- Head Research Unit in Periodontology and Periodontal Medicine, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Rino Burkhardt
- Private Practice, Zurich, Switzerland.,Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Prince Philip Dental Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR.,Department of Periodontics & Oral Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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26
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Evangelatov A, Georgiev G, Arabadjiev B, Pankov S, Krastev P, Momchilova A, Pankov R. Hyperglycemia attenuates fibroblast contractility via suppression of TβRII receptor modulated α-smooth muscle actin expression. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2022.2041486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandar Evangelatov
- Department of Cytology, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Georgi Georgiev
- Department of Cytology, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Borislav Arabadjiev
- Department of Cytology, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Stefan Pankov
- Department of Lipid-Protein Interactions, Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Plamen Krastev
- Cardiology Clinic, University Hospital “St. Ekaterina”, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Albena Momchilova
- Department of Lipid-Protein Interactions, Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Roumen Pankov
- Department of Cytology, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, Sofia, Bulgaria
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27
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de Almeida BM, dos Santos IDD, de Carvalho FMA, Correa LC, Cunha JLS, Dariva C, Severino P, Cardoso JC, Souto EB, de Albuquerque-Júnior RLC. Himatanthus bracteatus-Composed In Situ Polymerizable Hydrogel for Wound Healing. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315176. [PMID: 36499503 PMCID: PMC9739771 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Himatanthus genus presents anti-inflammatory, antioxidant activities, suggesting potential wound-healing properties. This study aimed to develop and analyze the wound-healing properties of a photopolymerizable gelatin-based hydrogel (GelMA) containing an ethanolic extract of Himatanthus bracteatus in a murine model. The extract was obtained under high pressure conditions, incorporated (2%) into the GelMA (GelMA-HB), and physically characterized. The anti-inflammatory activity of the extract was assessed using a carrageenan-induced pleurisy model and the GelMA-HB scarring properties in a wound-healing assay. The extract reduced IL-1β and TNF-α levels (48.5 ± 6.7 and 64.1 ± 4.9 pg/mL) compared to the vehicle (94.4 ± 2.3 pg/mL and 106.3 ± 5.7 pg/mL; p < 0.001). GelMA-HB depicted significantly lower swelling and increased resistance to mechanical compression compared to GelMA (p < 0.05). GelMA-HB accelerated wound closure over the time course of the experiment (p < 0.05) and promoted a significantly greater peak of myofibroblast differentiation (36.1 ± 6.6 cells) and microvascular density (23.1 ± 0.7 microvessels) on day 7 in comparison to GelMA (31.9 ± 5.3 cells and 20.2 ± 0.6 microvessels) and the control (25.8 ± 4.6 cells and 17.5 ± 0.5 microvessels) (p < 0.05). In conclusion, GelMA-HB improved wound healing in rodents, probably by modulating the inflammatory response and myofibroblastic and microvascular differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadeth M. de Almeida
- Biotechnological Postgraduate Program—RENORBIO, Tiradentes University, Aracaju 49010-390, SE, Brazil
| | | | - Felipe M. A. de Carvalho
- Postgraduate Program in Health and Environment, Tiradentes University, Aracaju 49032-490, SE, Brazil
| | - Luana C. Correa
- School of Physiotherapy, Tiradentes University, Aracaju 49032-490, SE, Brazil
| | - John L. S. Cunha
- Department of Odontology, Paraiba State University, Campina Grande 58429 500, PB, Brazil
| | - Claudio Dariva
- Laboratory for Colloidal Systems Studies, Institute of Technology and Research (ITP), Tiradentes University, Aracaju 49010-390, SE, Brazil
| | - Patricia Severino
- Biotechnological Postgraduate Program—RENORBIO, Tiradentes University, Aracaju 49010-390, SE, Brazil
| | - Juliana C. Cardoso
- Biotechnological Postgraduate Program—RENORBIO, Tiradentes University, Aracaju 49010-390, SE, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Health and Environment, Tiradentes University, Aracaju 49032-490, SE, Brazil
| | - Eliana B. Souto
- Biotechnological Postgraduate Program—RENORBIO, Tiradentes University, Aracaju 49010-390, SE, Brazil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, nº. 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- REQUIMTE/UCIBIO, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, nº. 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: (E.B.S.); (R.L.C.d.A.-J.)
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28
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Pulmonary Fibrosis as a Result of Acute Lung Inflammation: Molecular Mechanisms, Relevant In Vivo Models, Prognostic and Therapeutic Approaches. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314959. [PMID: 36499287 PMCID: PMC9735580 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is a chronic progressive lung disease that steadily leads to lung architecture disruption and respiratory failure. The development of pulmonary fibrosis is mostly the result of previous acute lung inflammation, caused by a wide variety of etiological factors, not resolved over time and causing the deposition of fibrotic tissue in the lungs. Despite a long history of study and good coverage of the problem in the scientific literature, the effective therapeutic approaches for pulmonary fibrosis treatment are currently lacking. Thus, the study of the molecular mechanisms underlying the transition from acute lung inflammation to pulmonary fibrosis, and the search for new molecular markers and promising therapeutic targets to prevent pulmonary fibrosis development, remain highly relevant tasks. This review focuses on the etiology, pathogenesis, morphological characteristics and outcomes of acute lung inflammation as a precursor of pulmonary fibrosis; the pathomorphological changes in the lungs during fibrosis development; the known molecular mechanisms and key players of the signaling pathways mediating acute lung inflammation and pulmonary fibrosis, as well as the characteristics of the most common in vivo models of these processes. Moreover, the prognostic markers of acute lung injury severity and pulmonary fibrosis development as well as approved and potential therapeutic approaches suppressing the transition from acute lung inflammation to fibrosis are discussed.
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29
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Assar DH, Mokhbatly AAA, Ghazy EW, Elbialy ZI, Gaber AA, Hassan AA, Nabil A, Asa SA. Silver nanoparticles induced hepatoxicity via the apoptotic/antiapoptotic pathway with activation of TGFβ-1 and α-SMA triggered liver fibrosis in Sprague Dawley rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:80448-80465. [PMID: 35716303 PMCID: PMC9596550 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21388-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Despite the extraordinary use of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in medicinal purposes and the food industry, there is rising worry about potential hazards to human health and the environment. The existing study aims to assess the hepatotoxic effects of different dosages of AgNPs by evaluating hematobiochemical parameters, oxidative stress, liver morphological alterations, immunohistochemical staining, and gene expression to clarify the mechanism of AgNPs' hepatic toxic potential. Forty male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned into control and three AgNPs intraperitoneally treated groups 0.25, 0.5, and 1 mg/kg b.w. daily for 15 and 30 days. AgNP exposure reduced body weight, caused haematological abnormalities, and enhanced hepatic oxidative and nitrosative stress with depletion of the hepatic GSH level. Serum hepatic injury biomarkers with pathological hepatic lesions where cholangiopathy emerges as the main hepatic alteration in a dosage- and duration-dependent manner were also elevated. Furthermore, immunohistochemical labelling of apoptotic markers demonstrated that Bcl-2 was significantly downregulated while caspase-3 was significantly upregulated. In conclusion, the hepatotoxic impact of AgNPs may be regulated by two mechanisms, implying the apoptotic/antiapoptotic pathway via raising BAX and inhibiting Bcl-2 expression levels in a dose-dependent manner. The TGF-β1 and α-SMA pathway which triggered fibrosis with incorporation of iNOS which consequently activates the inflammatory process were also elevated. To our knowledge, there has been no prior report on the experimental administration of AgNPs in three different dosages for short and long durations in rats with the assessment of Bcl-2, BAX, iNOS, TGF-β1, and α-SMA gene expressions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doaa H. Assar
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33516 Egypt
| | - Abd-Allah A. Mokhbatly
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33516 Egypt
| | - Emad W. Ghazy
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33516 Egypt
| | - Zizy I. Elbialy
- Department of Fish Processing and Biotechnology, Faculty of Aquatic and Fisheries Sciences, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33516 Egypt
| | - Ahmed A. Gaber
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33516 Egypt
| | - Ayman A. Hassan
- High Technological Institute of Applied Health Sciences, Egypt Liver Research Institute and Hospital (ELRIAH), Sherbin, El Mansora Egypt
| | - Ahmed Nabil
- Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
- Egypt Liver Research Institute and Hospital (ELRIAH), Sherbin, El Mansora Egypt
| | - Samah Abou Asa
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33516 Egypt
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30
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Initial Steps towards Spatiotemporal Signaling through Biomaterials Using Click-to-Release Chemistry. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14101991. [PMID: 36297427 PMCID: PMC9610979 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14101991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The process of wound healing is a tightly controlled cascade of events, where severe skin wounds are resolved via scar tissue. This fibrotic response may be diminished by applying anti-fibrotic factors to the wound, thereby stimulating regeneration over scarring. The development of tunable biomaterials that enable spatiotemporal control over the release of anti-fibrotics would greatly benefit wound healing. Herein, harnessing the power of click-to-release chemistry for regenerative medicine, we demonstrate the feasibility of such an approach. For this purpose, one side of a bis-N-hydroxysuccinimide-trans-cyclooctene (TCO) linker was functionalized with human epidermal growth factor (hEGF), an important regulator during wound healing, whereas on the other side a carrier protein was conjugated—either type I collagen scaffolds or bovine serum albumin (BSA). Mass spectrometry demonstrated the coupling of hEGF–TCO and indicated a release following exposure to dimethyl-tetrazine. Type I collagen scaffolds could be functionalized with the hEGF–TCO complex as demonstrated by immunofluorescence staining and Western blotting. The hEGF–TCO complex was also successfully ligated to BSA and the partial release of hEGF upon dimethyl-tetrazine exposure was observed through Western blotting. This work establishes the potential of click-to-release chemistry for the development of pro-regenerative biomaterials.
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Xu Z, Zhou T, Wang Y, Zhu L, Tu J, Xu Z, Li L, Li Y. Integrated PPI- and WGCNA-retrieval of hub gene signatures for soft substrates inhibition of human fibroblasts proliferation and differentiation. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:6957-6974. [PMID: 36057261 PMCID: PMC9512501 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblasts (FBs) are the most important functional cells in the process of wound repair, and their functions can be activated by different signals at the pathological site. Although wound repair is associated with microenvironmental stiffness, the effect of matrix stiffness on FBs remains elusive. In this study, TGF-β1 was used to mimic the fibrotic environment under pathological conditions. We found that the soft substrates made FBs slender compared with tissue culture plastic, and the main altered biological function was the inhibition of proliferation and differentiation ability. Through PPI and WGCNA analysis, 63 hub genes were found, including GADD45A, CDKN3, HIST2H3PS2, ACTB, etc., which may be the main targets of soft substrates affecting the proliferation and differentiation of FBs. Our findings not only provide a more detailed report on the effect of matrix stiffness on the function of human skin FBs, but also may provide new intervention ideas for improving scars and other diseases caused by excessive cell proliferation, with potential clinical application prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziran Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Tian Zhou
- The First Norman Bethune Clinical Medical College, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yin Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Leijie Zhu
- The Third Norman Bethune Clinical Medical College, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Jihao Tu
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Zhixiang Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Lisha Li
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yulin Li
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
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Huston P. A Sedentary and Unhealthy Lifestyle Fuels Chronic Disease Progression by Changing Interstitial Cell Behaviour: A Network Analysis. Front Physiol 2022; 13:904107. [PMID: 35874511 PMCID: PMC9304814 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.904107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Managing chronic diseases, such as heart disease, stroke, diabetes, chronic lung disease and Alzheimer’s disease, account for a large proportion of health care spending, yet they remain in the top causes of premature mortality and are preventable. It is currently accepted that an unhealthy lifestyle fosters a state of chronic low-grade inflammation that is linked to chronic disease progression. Although this is known to be related to inflammatory cytokines, how an unhealthy lifestyle causes cytokine release and how that in turn leads to chronic disease progression are not well known. This article presents a theory that an unhealthy lifestyle fosters chronic disease by changing interstitial cell behavior and is supported by a six-level hierarchical network analysis. The top three networks include the macroenvironment, social and cultural factors, and lifestyle itself. The fourth network includes the immune, autonomic and neuroendocrine systems and how they interact with lifestyle factors and with each other. The fifth network identifies the effects these systems have on the microenvironment and two types of interstitial cells: macrophages and fibroblasts. Depending on their behaviour, these cells can either help maintain and restore normal function or foster chronic disease progression. When macrophages and fibroblasts dysregulate, it leads to chronic low-grade inflammation, fibrosis, and eventually damage to parenchymal (organ-specific) cells. The sixth network considers how macrophages change phenotype. Thus, a pathway is identified through this hierarchical network to reveal how external factors and lifestyle affect interstitial cell behaviour. This theory can be tested and it needs to be tested because, if correct, it has profound implications. Not only does this theory explain how chronic low-grade inflammation causes chronic disease progression, it also provides insight into salutogenesis, or the process by which health is maintained and restored. Understanding low-grade inflammation as a stalled healing process offers a new strategy for chronic disease management. Rather than treating each chronic disease separately by a focus on parenchymal pathology, a salutogenic strategy of optimizing interstitial health could prevent and mitigate multiple chronic diseases simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Huston
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Institut du Savoir Montfort (Research), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: Patricia Huston, , orcid.org/0000-0002-2927-1176
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Galunisertib Exerts Antifibrotic Effects on TGF-β-Induced Fibroproliferative Dermal Fibroblasts. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126689. [PMID: 35743131 PMCID: PMC9223605 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dermal fibroblasts in pathological scars secrete constitutively elevated levels of TGF-β, signaling the transcription of fibrotic genes via activin-like kinase 5 (ALK5). In the present study, we examine the antifibrotic effects of galunisertib, a small-molecule inhibitor of ALK5, on fibroproliferative dermal fibroblasts in an in vitro model of wound healing. We induced fibrosis in human dermal fibroblasts with exogenous TGF-β and performed cellular proliferation assays after treatment with varying concentrations of galunisertib. Dermal fibroblast proliferation was diminished to homeostatic levels without cytotoxicity at concentrations as high as 10 μM. An in vitro scratch assay revealed that galunisertib significantly enhanced cellular migration and in vitro wound closure beginning 24 h post-injury. A gene expression analysis demonstrated a significant attenuation of fibrotic gene expression, including collagen-1a, alpha-smooth muscle actin, fibronectin, and connective tissue growth factor, with increased expression of the antifibrotic genes MMP1 and decorin. Protein synthesis assays confirmed drug activity and corroborated the transcription findings. In summary, galunisertib simultaneously exerts antifibrotic effects on dermal fibroblasts while enhancing rates of in vitro wound closure. Galunisertib has already completed phase II clinical trials for cancer therapy with minimal adverse effects and is a promising candidate for the treatment and prevention of pathological cutaneous scars.
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Kondrup F, Gaudreault N, Venne G. The Deep Fascia and its Role in Chronic Pain & Pathological Conditions: A Review. Clin Anat 2022; 35:649-659. [PMID: 35417568 DOI: 10.1002/ca.23882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The deep fascia is a three-dimensional continuum of connective tissue surrounding the bones, muscles, nerves and blood vessels throughout our body. Its importance in chronically debilitating conditions has recently been brought to light. This work investigates changes in these tissues in pathological settings. MATERIALS AND METHODS A state-of-the-art review was conducted in PubMed and Google Scholar following a two-stage process. A first search was performed to identify main types of deep fasciae. A second search was performed to identify studies considering a deep fascia, common pathologies of this deep fascia and the associated alterations in tissue anatomy. RESULTS We find that five main deep fasciae pathologies are chronic low back pain, chronic neck pain, Dupuytren's disease, plantar fasciitis and iliotibial band syndrome. The corresponding fasciae are respectively the thoracolumbar fascia, the cervical fascia, the palmar fascia, the plantar fascia and the iliotibial tract. Pathological fascia is characterized by increased tissue stiffness along with alterations in myofibroblast activity and the extra-cellular matrix, both in terms of collagen and Matrix Metalloproteases (MMP) levels. Innervation changes such as increased density and sensitization of nociceptive nerve fibers are observed. Additionally, markers of inflammation such as pro-inflammatory cytokines and immune cells are documented. Pain originating from the deep fascia likely results from a combination of increased nerve density, sensitization and chronic nociceptive stimulation, whether physical or chemical. CONCLUSIONS The pathological fascia is characterized by changes in innervation, immunology and tissue contracture. Further investigation is required to best benefit both research opportunities and patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flemming Kondrup
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Nathaly Gaudreault
- School of rehabilitation, Faculty of medicine and health sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Gabriel Venne
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.,Institute of Health Science Education, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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35
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Revolutionizing non-conventional wound healing using honey by simultaneously targeting multiple molecular mechanisms. Drug Resist Updat 2022; 62:100834. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2022.100834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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36
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Natural Compounds Targeting Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts against Digestive System Tumor Progression: Therapeutic Insights. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10030713. [PMID: 35327514 PMCID: PMC8945097 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10030713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are critical for cancer occurrence and progression in the tumor microenvironment (TME), due to their versatile roles in extracellular matrix remodeling, tumor–stroma crosstalk, immunomodulation, and angiogenesis. CAFs are the most abundant stromal component in the TME and undergo epigenetic modification and abnormal signaling cascade activation, such as transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and Wnt pathways that maintain the distinct phenotype of CAFs, which differs from normal fibroblasts. CAFs have been considered therapeutic targets due to their putative oncogenic functions. Current digestive system cancer treatment strategies often result in lower survival outcomes and fail to prevent cancer progression; therefore, comprehensive characterization of the tumor-promoting and -restraining CAF activities might facilitate the design of new therapeutic approaches. In this review, we summarize the enormous literature on natural compounds that mediate the crosstalk of CAFs with digestive system cancer cells, discuss how the biology and the multifaceted functions of CAFs contribute to cancer progression, and finally, pave the way for CAF-related antitumor therapies.
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Moskwa N, Mahmood A, Nelson DA, Altrieth AL, Forni PE, Larsen M. Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals PDGFRα+ stromal cell subpopulations that promote proacinar cell differentiation in embryonic salivary gland organoids. Development 2022; 149:dev200167. [PMID: 35224622 PMCID: PMC8977102 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Stromal cells can direct the differentiation of epithelial progenitor cells during organ development. Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling is essential for submandibular salivary gland development. Through stromal fibroblast cells, FGF2 can indirectly regulate proacinar cell differentiation in organoids, but the mechanisms are not understood. We performed single-cell RNA-sequencing and identified multiple stromal cell subsets, including Pdgfra+ stromal subsets expressing both Fgf2 and Fgf10. When combined with epithelial progenitor cells in organoids, magnetic-activated cell-sorted PDGFRα+ cells promoted proacinar cell differentiation similarly to total stroma. Gene expression analysis revealed that FGF2 increased the expression of multiple stromal genes, including Bmp2 and Bmp7. Both BMP2 and BMP7 synergized with FGF2, stimulating proacinar cell differentiation but not branching. However, stromal cells grown without FGF2 did not support proacinar organoid differentiation and instead differentiated into myofibroblasts. In organoids, TGFβ1 treatment stimulated myofibroblast differentiation and inhibited the proacinar cell differentiation of epithelial progenitor cells. Conversely, FGF2 reversed the effects of TGFβ1. We also demonstrated that adult salivary stromal cells were FGF2 responsive and could promote proacinar cell differentiation. These FGF2 signaling pathways may have applications in future regenerative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Moskwa
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12222, USA
- Graduate Program in Molecular, Cellular, Developmental and Neural Biology, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12222, USA
| | - Ayma Mahmood
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12222, USA
| | - Deirdre A. Nelson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12222, USA
| | - Amber L. Altrieth
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12222, USA
- Graduate Program in Molecular, Cellular, Developmental and Neural Biology, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12222, USA
- The RNA Institute, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12222, USA
| | - Paolo E. Forni
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12222, USA
- Graduate Program in Molecular, Cellular, Developmental and Neural Biology, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12222, USA
- The RNA Institute, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12222, USA
| | - Melinda Larsen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12222, USA
- Graduate Program in Molecular, Cellular, Developmental and Neural Biology, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12222, USA
- The RNA Institute, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12222, USA
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38
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Novotny T, Eckhardt A, Doubkova M, Knitlova J, Vondrasek D, Vanaskova E, Ostadal M, Uhlik J, Bacakova L, Musilkova J. The possible role of hypoxia in the affected tissue of relapsed clubfoot. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4462. [PMID: 35292718 PMCID: PMC8924187 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08519-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Our aim was to study the expression of hypoxia-related proteins as a possible regulatory pathway in the contracted side tissue of relapsed clubfoot. We compared the expression of hypoxia-related proteins in the tissue of the contracted (medial) side of relapsed clubfoot, and in the tissue of the non-contracted (lateral) side of relapsed clubfoot. Tissue samples from ten patients were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and image analysis, Real-time PCR and Mass Spectrometry to evaluate the differences in protein composition and gene expression. We found a significant increase in the levels of smooth muscle actin, transforming growth factor-beta, hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha, lysyl oxidase, lysyl oxidase-like 2, tenascin C, matrix metalloproteinase-2, matrix metalloproteinase-9, fibronectin, collagen types III and VI, hemoglobin subunit alpha and hemoglobin subunit beta, and an overexpression of ACTA2, FN1, TGFB1, HIF1A and MMP2 genes in the contracted medial side tissue of clubfoot. In the affected tissue, we have identified an increase in the level of hypoxia-related proteins, together with an overexpression of corresponding genes. Our results suggest that the hypoxia-associated pathway is potentially a factor contributing to the etiology of clubfoot relapses, as it stimulates both angioproliferation and fibroproliferation, which are considered to be key factors in the progression and development of relapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Novotny
- Department of Orthopaedics, University J.E. Purkinje and Masaryk Hospital, Usti nad Labem, Czech Republic.,Department of Histology and Embryology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Adam Eckhardt
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Martina Doubkova
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic. .,Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Jarmila Knitlova
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - David Vondrasek
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eliska Vanaskova
- Department of Orthopaedics, University J.E. Purkinje and Masaryk Hospital, Usti nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Ostadal
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Hospital Bulovka, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Uhlik
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Bacakova
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Musilkova
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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Posadino AM, Erre GL, Cossu A, Emanueli C, Eid AH, Zinellu A, Pintus G, Giordo R. NADPH-derived ROS generation drives fibrosis and endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition in systemic sclerosis: Potential cross talk with circulating miRNAs. Biomol Concepts 2022; 13:11-24. [PMID: 35189048 DOI: 10.1515/bmc-2021-0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an immune disorder characterized by diffuse fibrosis and vascular abnormalities of the affected organs. Although the etiopathology of this disease is largely unknown, endothelial damage and oxidative stress appear implicated in its initiation and maintenance. Here, we show for the first time that circulating factors present in SSc sera increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, collagen synthesis, and proliferation of human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HPMECs). The observed phenomena were also associated with endothelial to mesenchymal transition (EndMT) as indicated by decreased von Willebrand factor (vWF) expression and increased alpha-smooth muscle actin, respectively, an endothelial and mesenchymal marker. SSc-induced fibroproliferative effects were prevented by HPMECs exposition to the NADPH oxidase inhibitor diphenyleneiodonium, demonstrating ROS's causative role and suggesting their cellular origin. Sera from SSc patients showed significant changes in the expression of a set of fibrosis/EndMT-associated microRNAs (miRNA), including miR-21, miR-92a, miR-24, miR-27b, miR-125b, miR-29c, and miR-181b, which resulted significantly upregulated as compared to healthy donors sera. However, miR29b resulted downregulated in SSc sera, whereas no significant differences were found in the expression of miR-29a in the two experimental groups of samples. Taking together our data indicate NADPH oxidase-induced EndMT as a potential mechanism of SSc-associated fibrosis, suggesting fibrosis-associated miRNAs as potentially responsible for initiating and sustaining the vascular alterations observed in this pathological condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Posadino
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Gian Luca Erre
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital (AOUSS) and University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Annalisa Cossu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Costanza Emanueli
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London, W12 0NN England, United Kingdom
| | - Ali H Eid
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Qatar University Health, Qatar University, Doha, 2713, Qatar
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, Qatar University Health, Qatar University, Doha, 2713, Qatar
| | - Angelo Zinellu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Pintus
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences and Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, University City Rd, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Roberta Giordo
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai 505055, United Arab Emirates
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40
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Sakic A, Chaabane C, Ambartsumian N, Klingelhöfer J, Lemeille S, Kwak BR, Grigorian M, Bochaton-Piallat ML. Neutralization of S100A4 induces stabilization of atherosclerotic plaques: role of smooth muscle cells. Cardiovasc Res 2022; 118:141-155. [PMID: 33135065 PMCID: PMC8752361 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvaa311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS During atherosclerosis, smooth muscle cells (SMCs) accumulate in the intima where they switch from a contractile to a synthetic phenotype. From porcine coronary artery, we isolated spindle-shaped (S) SMCs exhibiting features of the contractile phenotype and rhomboid (R) SMCs typical of the synthetic phenotype. S100A4 was identified as a marker of R-SMCs in vitro and intimal SMCs, in pig and man. S100A4 exhibits intra- and extracellular functions. In this study, we investigated the role of extracellular S100A4 in SMC phenotypic transition. METHODS AND RESULTS S-SMCs were treated with oligomeric recombinant S100A4 (oS100A4), which induced nuclear factor (NF)-κB activation. Treatment of S-SMCs with oS100A4 in combination with platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB induced a complete SMC transition towards a pro-inflammatory R-phenotype associated with NF-κB activation, through toll-like receptor-4. RNA sequencing of cells treated with oS100A4/PDGF-BB revealed a strong up-regulation of pro-inflammatory genes and enrichment of transcription factor binding sites essential for SMC phenotypic transition. In a mouse model of established atherosclerosis, neutralization of extracellular S100A4 decreased area of atherosclerotic lesions, necrotic core, and CD68 expression and increased α-smooth muscle actin and smooth muscle myosin heavy chain expression. CONCLUSION We suggest that the neutralization of extracellular S100A4 promotes the stabilization of atherosclerotic plaques. Extracellular S100A4 could be a new target to influence the evolution of atherosclerotic plaques.
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MESH Headings
- Actins/metabolism
- Animals
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/pharmacology
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/metabolism
- Aorta/drug effects
- Aorta/metabolism
- Aorta/pathology
- Aortic Diseases/drug therapy
- Aortic Diseases/genetics
- Aortic Diseases/metabolism
- Aortic Diseases/pathology
- Atherosclerosis/drug therapy
- Atherosclerosis/genetics
- Atherosclerosis/metabolism
- Atherosclerosis/pathology
- Becaplermin/pharmacology
- Cells, Cultured
- Disease Models, Animal
- Humans
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout, ApoE
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Myosin Heavy Chains/metabolism
- Phenotype
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic
- S100 Calcium-Binding Protein A4/antagonists & inhibitors
- S100 Calcium-Binding Protein A4/metabolism
- S100 Calcium-Binding Protein A4/pharmacology
- Signal Transduction
- Smooth Muscle Myosins/metabolism
- Sus scrofa
- Toll-Like Receptor 4/metabolism
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonija Sakic
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Chiraz Chaabane
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Noona Ambartsumian
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jörg Klingelhöfer
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sylvain Lemeille
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Brenda R Kwak
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Mariam Grigorian
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
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41
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Guler Z, Roovers JP. Role of Fibroblasts and Myofibroblasts on the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Pelvic Organ Prolapse. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12010094. [PMID: 35053242 PMCID: PMC8773530 DOI: 10.3390/biom12010094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is a multifactorial connective tissue disorder caused by damage to the supportive structures of the pelvic floor, leading to the descent of pelvic organs in the vagina. In women with POP, fibroblast function is disturbed or altered, which causes impaired collagen metabolism that affects the mechanical properties of the tissue. Ideal surgical repair, either native tissue repair or POP surgery using an implant, aims to create a functional pelvic floor that is load-bearing, activating fibroblasts to regulate collagen metabolism without creating fibrotic tissue. Fibroblast function plays a crucial role in the pathophysiology of POP by directly affecting the connective tissue quality. On the other hand, fibroblasts determine the success of the POP treatment, as the fibroblast-to-(myo)fibroblast transition is the key event during wound healing and tissue repair. In this review, we aim to resolve the question of “cause and result” for the fibroblasts in the development and treatment of POP. This review may contribute to preventing the development and progress of anatomical abnormalities involved in POP and to optimizing surgical outcomes.
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42
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Sutthiwanjampa C, Shin BH, Ryu NE, Kang SH, Heo CY, Park H. Assessment of human adipose-derived stem cell on surface-modified silicone implant to reduce capsular contracture formation. Bioeng Transl Med 2022; 7:e10260. [PMID: 35111952 PMCID: PMC8780897 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Medical devices made from poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS)-based silicone implants have been broadly used owing to their inert properties, biocompatibility, and low toxicity. However, long-term implantation is usually associated with complications, such as capsular contracture due to excessive local inflammatory response, subsequently requiring implant removal. Therefore, modification of the silicone surface to reduce a risk of capsular contracture has attracted increasing attention. Human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) are known to provide potentially therapeutic applications for tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, and reconstructive surgery. Herein, hASCs coating on a PDMS (hASC-PDMS) or itaconic acid (IA)-conjugated PDMS (hASC-IA-PDMS) surface is examined to determine its biocompatibility for reducing capsular contracture on the PDMS surface. In vitro cell cytotoxicity evaluation showed that hASCs on IA-PDMS exhibit higher cell viability than hASCs on PDMS. A lower release of proinflammatory cytokines is observed in hASC-PDMS and hASC-IA-PDMS compared to the cells on plate. Multiple factors, including in vivo mRNA expression levels of cytokines related to fibrosis; number of inflammatory cells; number of macrophages and myofibroblasts; capsule thickness; and collagen density following implantation in rats for 60 days, indicate that incorporated coating hASCs on PDMSs most effectively reduces capsular contracture. This study demonstrates the potential of hASCs coating for the modification of PDMS surfaces in enhancing surface biocompatibility for reducing capsular contracture of PDMS-based medical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Byung Ho Shin
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringCollege of Medicine, Seoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Na Eun Ryu
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung‐Ang UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Shin Hyuk Kang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive SurgeryChung‐Ang University HospitalSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Chan Yeong Heo
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringCollege of Medicine, Seoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive SurgerySeoul National University Bundang HospitalSeongnamRepublic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program for BioengineeringCollege of Engineering, Seoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive SurgeryCollege of Medicine, Seoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Hansoo Park
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung‐Ang UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
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Wet-dry-wet drug screen leads to the synthesis of TS1, a novel compound reversing lung fibrosis through inhibition of myofibroblast differentiation. Cell Death Dis 2021; 13:2. [PMID: 34916483 PMCID: PMC8677786 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04439-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Therapies halting the progression of fibrosis are ineffective and limited. Activated myofibroblasts are emerging as important targets in the progression of fibrotic diseases. Previously, we performed a high-throughput screen on lung fibroblasts and subsequently demonstrated that the inhibition of myofibroblast activation is able to prevent lung fibrosis in bleomycin-treated mice. High-throughput screens are an ideal method of repurposing drugs, yet they contain an intrinsic limitation, which is the size of the library itself. Here, we exploited the data from our "wet" screen and used "dry" machine learning analysis to virtually screen millions of compounds, identifying novel anti-fibrotic hits which target myofibroblast differentiation, many of which were structurally related to dopamine. We synthesized and validated several compounds ex vivo ("wet") and confirmed that both dopamine and its derivative TS1 are powerful inhibitors of myofibroblast activation. We further used RNAi-mediated knock-down and demonstrated that both molecules act through the dopamine receptor 3 and exert their anti-fibrotic effect by inhibiting the canonical transforming growth factor β pathway. Furthermore, molecular modelling confirmed the capability of TS1 to bind both human and mouse dopamine receptor 3. The anti-fibrotic effect on human cells was confirmed using primary fibroblasts from idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis patients. Finally, TS1 prevented and reversed disease progression in a murine model of lung fibrosis. Both our interdisciplinary approach and our novel compound TS1 are promising tools for understanding and combating lung fibrosis.
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Modeling human hypertrophic scars with 3D preformed cellular aggregates bioprinting. Bioact Mater 2021; 10:247-254. [PMID: 34901543 PMCID: PMC8636708 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic interventions of human hypertrophic scars (HHS) remain puzzle largely due to the lack of accepted models. Current HHS models are limited by their inability to mimic native scar architecture and associated pathological microenvironments. Here, we create a 3D functional HHS model by preformed cellular aggregates (PCA) bioprinting, firstly developing bioink from scar decellularized extracellular matrix (ECM) and alginate-gelatin (Alg-Gel) hydrogel with suitable physical properties to mimic the microenvironmental factors, then pre-culturing patient-derived fibroblasts in this bioink to preform the topographic cellular aggregates for sequent printing. We confirm the cell aggregates preformed in bioink displayed well defined aligned structure and formed functional scar tissue self-organization after bioprinting, hence showing the potential of creating HHS models. Notably, these HHS models exhibit characteristics of early-stage HHS in gene and protein expression, which significantly activated signaling pathway related to inflammation and cell proliferation, and recapitulate in vivo tissue dynamics of scar forming. We also use the in vitro and in vivo models to define the clinically observed effects to treatment with concurrent anti-scarring drugs, and the data show that it can be used to evaluate the potential therapeutic target for drug testing. The ideal humanized scar models we present should prove useful for studying critical mechanisms underlying HHS and to rapidly test new drug targets and develop patient-specific optimal therapeutic strategies in the future. PCA bioprinted model mimics the microenvironmental factors of hypertrophic scar. PCA bioprinting promotes functional scar self-organization. Hypertrophic scar model exhibit characteristics of early-stage HHS. HHS model could be able to study the scar biology and drug screen.
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Jin D, Yang S, Wu S, Yin M, Kuang H. A functional PVA aerogel-based membrane obtaining sutureability through modified electrospinning technology and achieving promising anti-adhesion effect after cardiac surgery. Bioact Mater 2021; 10:355-366. [PMID: 34901552 PMCID: PMC8636782 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pericardial barrier destruction, inflammatory cell infiltration, and fibrous tissue hyperplasia, trigger adhesions after cardiac surgery. There are few anti-adhesion materials that are both functional and sutureable for pericardial reconstruction. Besides, a few studies have reported on the mechanism of preventing pericardial adhesion. Herein, a functional barrier membrane with sutureability was developed via a modified electrospinning method. It was composed of poly(l-lactide-co-caprolactone) (PLCL) nanofibers, poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) aerogel, and melatonin, named PPMT. The PPMT had a special microstructure manifested as a staggered arrangement of nanofibers on the surface and a layered macroporous aerogel structure in a cross-section. Besides providing the porosity and hydrophilicity obtained from PVA, the structure also had suitable mechanical properties for stitching due to the addition of PLCL nanofibers. Furthermore, it inhibited the proliferation of fibroblasts by suppressing the activation of Fas and P53, and achieved anti-inflammatory effects by affecting the activity of inflammatory cells and reducing the release of pro-inflammatory factors, such as interleukin 8 (IL-8) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α). Finally, in vivo transplantation showed that it up-regulated the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP1) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP1), and down-regulated the expression of Vinculin and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) in the myocardium, thereby reducing the formation of adhesions. Collectively, these results demonstrate a great potential of PPMT membrane for practical application to anti-adhesion. A functional PVA aerogel-based membrane (PPMT) obtained sutureability through modified electrospinning technology. The primary mechanism to anti-adhesion of PPMT membrane was explored. Promising anti-adhesion effect of PPMT membrane was accomplished in pericardium reconstruction in rabbit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Jin
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1678 Dong Fang Road, Shanghai, 200127, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuofei Yang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuting Wu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1678 Dong Fang Road, Shanghai, 200127, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Yin
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1678 Dong Fang Road, Shanghai, 200127, People's Republic of China
| | - Haizhu Kuang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital (The Affiliated Luohu Hospital) of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518001, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
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Micus LC, Trautschold-Krause FS, Jelit AL, Schön MP, Lorenz VN. NF-кB c-Rel modulates pre-fibrotic changes in human fibroblasts. Arch Dermatol Res 2021; 314:943-951. [PMID: 34888734 PMCID: PMC9522690 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-021-02310-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Skin fibrosis is one central hallmark of the heterogeneous autoimmune disease systemic sclerosis. So far, there are hardly any standardized and effective treatment options. Pathogenic mechanisms underlying fibrosis comprise excessive and uncontrolled myofibroblast differentiation, increased extracellular matrix protein (ECM) synthesis and an intensification of the forces exerted by the cytoskeleton. A deeper understanding of fibroblast transformation could help to prevent or reverse fibrosis by specifically interfering with abnormally regulated signaling pathways. The transcription factor NF-κB has been implicated in the progression of fibrotic processes. However, the cellular processes regulated by NF-κB in fibrosis as well as the NF-κB isoforms preferentially involved are still completely unknown. In an in vitro model of fibrosis, we consistently observed the induction of the c-Rel subunit of NF-κB. Functional abrogation of c-Rel by siRNA resulted in diminished cell contractility of dermal fibroblasts in relaxed, but not in stressed 3D collagen matrices. Furthermore, directed migration was reduced after c-Rel silencing and total N-cadherin expression level was diminished, possibly mediating the observed cellular defects. Therefore, NF-кB c-Rel impacts central cellular adhesion markers and processes which negatively regulate fibrotic progression in SSc pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Carolina Micus
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen Lower Saxony, Robert Koch Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Franziska Susanne Trautschold-Krause
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen Lower Saxony, Robert Koch Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anna Lena Jelit
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen Lower Saxony, Robert Koch Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Michael Peter Schön
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen Lower Saxony, Robert Koch Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Verena Natalie Lorenz
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen Lower Saxony, Robert Koch Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.
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Kate A, Basu S. Amniotic Membrane Granuloma in a Case of Ocular Chemical Injury: Clinical Features, Histopathology, and Outcomes. Cureus 2021; 13:e19171. [PMID: 34873514 PMCID: PMC8632734 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.19171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This report describes the clinical features of a granuloma within the layers of amniotic membranes (AM) along with its surgical management and outcome. An eight-year-old boy underwent an AM graft in the right eye for an acute chemical injury. As there was slow healing of the ocular surface, the eye was subjected to a simple limbal epithelial transplantation (SLET). Although the corneal surface was well epithelialized, a superior symblepharon was noted six weeks following SLET. Excision of the fibrotic tissue with an AM graft was carried out. Growth of a grayish-white fibrotic lesion in the visual axis of the cornea was noted eight months after the second AM graft. The optical coherence tomography line scan revealed the location of the lesion to be anterior to the retained SLET AM. This lesion progressively increased in size, so an excision biopsy was carried out. The lesion excised in toto with the AM, and an optically clear plane was noted. Histopathology of the tissue revealed the presence of myofibroblasts, which possibly originated from the AM fibroblasts. At the three-year follow-up period, there was no recurrence of the growth, and the final visual acuity was 20/40. This is a rare report of a granuloma case arising within the layers of an AM. The underlying etiopathogenesis could be due to the multiple AM grafts that the patient underwent. These repeated grafts can incite an immune response and lead to the formation of a granuloma. The special staining and the restoration of the corneal clarity with a stable ocular surface suggest the AM origin of the mass lesion. Removal of the layer of the AM with the granuloma has good outcomes, with no recurrence on long-term follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anahita Kate
- Cornea, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Vijayawada, IND
| | - Sayan Basu
- Cornea, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, IND
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Tsai WH, Chou CH, Huang TY, Wang HL, Chien PJ, Chang WW, Lee HT. Heat-Killed Lactobacilli Preparations Promote Healing in the Experimental Cutaneous Wounds. Cells 2021; 10:3264. [PMID: 34831486 PMCID: PMC8625647 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics are defined as microorganisms with beneficial health effects when consumed by humans, being applied mainly to improve allergic or intestinal diseases. Due to the increasing resistance of pathogens to antibiotics, the abuse of antibiotics becomes inefficient in the skin and in systemic infections, and probiotics may also provide the protective effect for repairing the healing of infected cutaneous wounds. Here we selected two Lactobacillus strains, L. plantarum GMNL-6 and L. paracasei GMNL-653, in heat-killed format to examine the beneficial effect in skin wound repair through the selection by promoting collagen synthesis in Hs68 fibroblast cells. The coverage of gels containing heat-killed GMNL-6 or GMNL-653 on the mouse tail with experimental wounds displayed healing promoting effects with promoting of metalloproteinase-1 expression at the early phase and reduced excessive fibrosis accumulation and deposition in the later tail-skin recovery stage. More importantly, lipoteichoic acid, the major component of Lactobacillus cell wall, from GMNL-6/GMNL-653 could achieve the anti-fibrogenic benefit similar to the heat-killed bacteria cells in the TGF-β stimulated Hs68 fibroblast cell model. Our study offers a new therapeutic potential of the heat-killed format of Lactobacillus as an alternative approach to treating skin healing disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Hua Tsai
- Research and Development Department, GenMont Biotech Incorporation, Tainan 741014, Taiwan; (W.-H.T.); (C.-H.C.); (T.-Y.H.)
| | - Chia-Hsuan Chou
- Research and Development Department, GenMont Biotech Incorporation, Tainan 741014, Taiwan; (W.-H.T.); (C.-H.C.); (T.-Y.H.)
| | - Tsuei-Yin Huang
- Research and Development Department, GenMont Biotech Incorporation, Tainan 741014, Taiwan; (W.-H.T.); (C.-H.C.); (T.-Y.H.)
| | - Hui-Ling Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402306, Taiwan; (H.-L.W.); (P.-J.C.)
| | - Peng-Ju Chien
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402306, Taiwan; (H.-L.W.); (P.-J.C.)
| | - Wen-Wei Chang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402306, Taiwan; (H.-L.W.); (P.-J.C.)
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402306, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Te Lee
- Institute of Anatomy & Cell Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
- Taiwan International Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University and Academia Sinica, Taipei 115024, Taiwan
- Brain Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
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Matera DL, Lee AT, Hiraki HL, Baker BM. The Role of Rho GTPases During Fibroblast Spreading, Migration, and Myofibroblast Differentiation in 3D Synthetic Fibrous Matrices. Cell Mol Bioeng 2021; 14:381-396. [PMID: 34777599 DOI: 10.1007/s12195-021-00698-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Connective tissue repair and mechanosensing are tightly entwined in vivo and occur within a complex three-dimensional (3D), fibrous extracellular matrix (ECM). Typically driven by activated fibroblasts, wound repair involves well-defined steps of cell spreading, migration, proliferation, and fibrous ECM deposition. While the role of Rho GTPases in regulating these processes has been explored extensively in two-dimensional cell culture models, much less is known about their role in more physiologic, 3D environments. Methods We employed a 3D, fibrous and protease-sensitive hydrogel model of interstitial ECM to study the interplay between Rho GTPases and fibrous matrix cues in fibroblasts during wound healing. Results Modulating fiber density within protease-sensitive hydrogels, we confirmed previous findings that heightened fiber density promotes fibroblast spreading and proliferation. The presence of matrix fibers furthermore corresponded to increased cell migration speeds and macroscopic hydrogel contraction arising from fibroblast generated forces. During fibroblast spreading, Rac1 and RhoA GTPase activity proved crucial for fiber-mediated cell spreading and contact guidance along matrix fibers, while Cdc42 was dispensable. In contrast, interplay between RhoA, Rac1, and Cdc42 contributed to fiber-mediated myofibroblast differentiation and matrix contraction over longer time scales. Conclusion These observations may provide insights into tissue repair processes in vivo and motivate the incorporation of cell-adhesive fibers within synthetic hydrogels for material-guided wound repair strategies. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12195-021-00698-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L Matera
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - Alexander T Lee
- Department of Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - Harrison L Hiraki
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2174 Lurie BME Building, 1101 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - Brendon M Baker
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2174 Lurie BME Building, 1101 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
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50
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Walters B, Turner PA, Rolauffs B, Hart ML, Stegemann JP. Controlled Growth Factor Delivery and Cyclic Stretch Induces a Smooth Muscle Cell-like Phenotype in Adipose-Derived Stem Cells. Cells 2021; 10:cells10113123. [PMID: 34831345 PMCID: PMC8624888 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) are an abundant and easily accessible multipotent stem cell source with potential application in smooth muscle regeneration strategies. In 3D collagen hydrogels, we investigated whether sustained release of growth factors (GF) PDGF-AB and TGF-β1 from GF-loaded microspheres could induce a smooth muscle cell (SMC) phenotype in ASCs, and if the addition of uniaxial cyclic stretch could enhance the differentiation level. This study demonstrated that the combination of cyclic stretch and GF release over time from loaded microspheres potentiated the differentiation of ASCs, as quantified by protein expression of early to late SMC differentiation markers (SMA, TGLN and smooth muscle MHC). The delivery of GFs via microspheres produced large ASCs with a spindle-shaped, elongated SMC-like morphology. Cyclic strain produced the largest, longest, and most spindle-shaped cells regardless of the presence or absence of growth factors or the growth factor delivery method. Protein expression and cell morphology data confirmed that the sustained release of GFs from GF-loaded microspheres can be used to promote the differentiation of ASCs into SMCs and that the addition of uniaxial cyclic stretch significantly enhances the differentiation level, as quantified by intermediate and late SMC markers and a SMC-like elongated cell morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandan Walters
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 1107 Carl A. Gerstacker Building, 2200 Bonisteel Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (B.W.); (P.A.T.)
| | - Paul A. Turner
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 1107 Carl A. Gerstacker Building, 2200 Bonisteel Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (B.W.); (P.A.T.)
| | - Bernd Rolauffs
- G.E.R.N. Center for Tissue Replacement, Regeneration & Neogenesis, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Engesserstraße 4, 79108 Freiburg, Germany;
| | - Melanie L. Hart
- G.E.R.N. Center for Tissue Replacement, Regeneration & Neogenesis, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Engesserstraße 4, 79108 Freiburg, Germany;
- Correspondence: (M.L.H.); (J.P.S.); Tel.: +49-(761)-270-26102 (M.L.H.); +001-(734)-764-8313 (J.P.S.)
| | - Jan P. Stegemann
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 1107 Carl A. Gerstacker Building, 2200 Bonisteel Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (B.W.); (P.A.T.)
- Correspondence: (M.L.H.); (J.P.S.); Tel.: +49-(761)-270-26102 (M.L.H.); +001-(734)-764-8313 (J.P.S.)
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