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Ferrari ACF, Giani E, Scaramuzza AE, Cutuli V, Giambarda M, Rota F, Verderio C, Cimardi L, Fumagalli G, Soliani M, Drera BA, Testa S, Cavalli C. The risk of hospitalisation from RSV is not increased by co-infection in children under 24-months-of-age. Eur J Pediatr 2024; 183:1943-1945. [PMID: 38244041 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-024-05440-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
The recent pandemic prompted renewed interest in paediatric respiratory infections, including whether co-infections - particularly with RSV - have an adverse prognostic impact. We evaluated the charts of all children presenting with respiratory symptoms to our unit between October 2022 and April 2023, each of whom was subjected to a multiplex PCR assay to detect eight viral targets and one bacterial target and examine the relationships between mono- and co-infections and hospitalization outcomes. We observed that younger age and RSV infection were both associated with the need for hospitalisation and the duration of hospitalisation after adjusting for confounders. Co-infection was, however, not associated with these outcomes. Conclusion: This real-world data add to a growing consensus that RSV increases the risk of hospitalisation, while other co-infections, except for co-infection with SARS-CoV-2, do not. Given the timeframe over which our study was conducted, only a few children had SARS-CoV-2 co-infection, so we could not confirm any significant effect from this interaction. What is Known: • RSV increases the risk of hospitalisation and the need tor ventilatory support, especially in very young children. What is New: • Younger age and RSV infection were both associated with the need for hospitalisation and the duration of hospitalisation after adjusting for confounders. • Co-infection was, however, not associated with these outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elisa Giani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Enzo Scaramuzza
- Department of Paediatrics, ASST Cremona, Maggiore Hospital, Ospedale Maggiore, Viale Concordia 1, 26100, Cremona, Italy.
| | - Vera Cutuli
- Postgraduate School of Paediatrics, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Martina Giambarda
- Postgraduate School of Paediatrics, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Francesca Rota
- Postgraduate School of Paediatrics, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Cecilia Verderio
- Postgraduate School of Paediatrics, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Leonardo Cimardi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine-Haemostasis and Thrombosis Centre, ASST Cremona, Maggiore Hospital, Cremona, Italy
| | - Gloria Fumagalli
- Department of Paediatrics, ASST Cremona, Maggiore Hospital, Ospedale Maggiore, Viale Concordia 1, 26100, Cremona, Italy
| | - Martina Soliani
- Department of Paediatrics, ASST Cremona, Maggiore Hospital, Ospedale Maggiore, Viale Concordia 1, 26100, Cremona, Italy
| | - Bruno Angelo Drera
- Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, ASST Cremona, Maggiore Hospital, Cremona, Italy
| | - Sophie Testa
- Department of Laboratory Medicine-Haemostasis and Thrombosis Centre, ASST Cremona, Maggiore Hospital, Cremona, Italy
| | - Claudio Cavalli
- Department of Paediatrics, ASST Cremona, Maggiore Hospital, Ospedale Maggiore, Viale Concordia 1, 26100, Cremona, Italy
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2
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Chiereghin F, Pianazzola S, Mion E, Fumagalli G, Conti M, Vergani M, Gironi I, Di Vieste G, Bertuzzi F, Pintaudi B. Real-world effectiveness of an ethnic diet plan for the management of gestational diabetes in females at high-risk ethnicity: An observational, prospective, case-control study. Diabet Med 2024:e15311. [PMID: 38356191 DOI: 10.1111/dme.15311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Chiereghin
- Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, San Raffaele University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Elena Mion
- Diabetes Unit, Niguarda Cà Granda Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Matteo Conti
- Department of Endocrinology, Bicocca University, Milan, Italy
| | - Michela Vergani
- Department of Endocrinology, Bicocca University, Milan, Italy
| | - Ilaria Gironi
- Diabetes Unit, Niguarda Cà Granda Hospital, Milan, Italy
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3
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Conti M, Meneghini E, Fumagalli G, Guidoni F, Bertuzzi F, Pintaudi B. Severe hypoglycemia caused by hydroxyurea interference on continuous glucose sensor integrated with advanced hybrid closed-loop system: a case report. Acta Diabetol 2023; 60:1749-1752. [PMID: 37561210 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-023-02166-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Conti
- Department of Endocrinology, Bicocca University, Milan, Italy
- Diabetes Unit, Niguarda Cà Granda Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Gloria Fumagalli
- Department of Endocrinology, Bicocca University, Milan, Italy
- Diabetes Unit, Niguarda Cà Granda Hospital, Milan, Italy
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4
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Visconte C, Golia MT, Fenoglio C, Serpente M, Gabrielli M, Arcaro M, Sorrentino F, Busnelli M, Arighi A, Fumagalli G, Rotondo E, Rossi P, Arosio B, Scarpini E, Verderio C, Galimberti D. Plasma microglial-derived extracellular vesicles are increased in frail patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment and exert a neurotoxic effect. GeroScience 2023:10.1007/s11357-023-00746-0. [PMID: 36725819 PMCID: PMC10400496 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00746-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are mediators of cellular communication that can be released by almost all cell types in both physiological and pathological conditions and are present in most biological fluids. Such characteristics make them attractive in the research of biomarkers for age-related pathological conditions. Based on this, the aim of the present study was to examine the changes in EV concentration and size in the context of frailty, a geriatric syndrome associated with a progressive physical and cognitive decline. Specifically, total EVs and neural and microglial-derived EVs (NDVs and MDVs respectively) were investigated in plasma of frail and non-frail controls (CTRL), mild cognitive impairment (MCI) subjects, and in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. Results provided evidence that AD patients displayed diminished NDV concentration (3.61 × 109 ± 1.92 × 109 vs 7.16 × 109 ± 4.3 × 109 particles/ml) and showed high diagnostic performance. They are able to discriminate between AD and CTRL with an area under the curve of 0.80, a sensitivity of 78.95% and a specificity of 85.7%, considering the cut-off of 5.27 × 109 particles/ml. Importantly, we also found that MDV concentration was increased in frail MCI patients compared to CTRL (5.89 × 109 ± 3.98 × 109 vs 3.16 × 109 ± 3.04 × 109 particles/ml, P < 0.05) and showed high neurotoxic effect on neurons. MDV concentration discriminate frail MCI vs non-frail CTRL (AUC = 0.76) with a sensitivity of 80% and a specificity of 70%, considering the cut-off of 2.69 × 109 particles/ml. Altogether, these results demonstrated an alteration in NDV and MDV release during cognitive decline, providing important insight into the role of EVs in frailty status.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Visconte
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - M T Golia
- CNR, Institute of Neuroscience, Vedano al Lambro, Monza and Brianza, Milan, Italy
| | - C Fenoglio
- Department of Physiopathology and Transplantation, University of Milan, "Dino Ferrari" Center, Milan, Italy.
| | - M Serpente
- Fondazione, IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - M Gabrielli
- CNR, Institute of Neuroscience, Vedano al Lambro, Monza and Brianza, Milan, Italy
| | - M Arcaro
- Fondazione, IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - F Sorrentino
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - M Busnelli
- CNR, Institute of Neuroscience, Vedano al Lambro, Monza and Brianza, Milan, Italy
| | - A Arighi
- Fondazione, IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - G Fumagalli
- Fondazione, IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - E Rotondo
- Fondazione, IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - P Rossi
- Fondazione, IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - B Arosio
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - E Scarpini
- Fondazione, IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - C Verderio
- CNR, Institute of Neuroscience, Vedano al Lambro, Monza and Brianza, Milan, Italy
| | - D Galimberti
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Fondazione, IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
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5
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Lissoni P, Barni S, Rovelli F, Crispino S, Fumagalli G, Pescia S, Vaghi M, Camesasca G, Tancini G. Neuroendocrine Effects of Subcutaneous Interleukin-2 Injection in Cancer Patients. Tumori 2018; 77:212-5. [PMID: 1862547 DOI: 10.1177/030089169107700305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Intravenous interleukin-2 (IL-2) administration has been shown to influence several hormonal secretions. The present study was carried out to investigate the endocrine effects of subcutaneous therapy with IL-2. Six patients with advanced renal cancer were studied. They were treated subcutaneously with IL-2 according to the schedule proposed by Atzpodien et al. Venous blood samples were collected at O-time and 1, 8 and 12 hours after the first IL-2 pulse of 9 × 106 IU/m2 at 8.00 a.m.; on a separate occasion, samples were collected during a saline infusion only. In each blood sample, serum levels of Cortisol, β-endorphin, GH, PRL, FSH, LH, TSH and the pineal hormone melatonin were measured by RIA. Both Cortisol and β-endorphin significantly increased after IL-2 injection. GH rose but not to a significant extent. PRL, FSH, LH and TSH did not change after IL-2. Finally, melatonin levels markedly decreased after IL-2 injection in the only 2 patients with elevated concentrations of this hormone before the start of immunotherapy. These results suggest that the endocrine effects of subcutaneous IL-2 therapy are similar to those previously described with intravenous administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Lissoni
- Divisione di Radioterapia Oncologica, Ospedale San Gerardo, Monza, Milano, Italy
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6
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Mandalà M, Lissoni P, Ardizzoia A, Barni S, Rovelli F, Confalonieri G, Malugani F, Moro C, Fumagalli G, Giani L, Tancini G. Endocrinological Study of the Dopaminergic Regulation of Prolactin Release in Metastatic Breast Cancer. Tumori 2018; 85:494-7. [PMID: 10774572 DOI: 10.1177/030089169908500613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Aims and Background Prolactin (PRL) may be a growth factor for breast cancer. Abnormally high levels of PRL have been proven to be associated with a poor prognosis in metastatic breast cancer. However, most studies have been limited to the evaluation of basal levels of PRL rather than its response to the classical endocrine dynamic tests. This study was performed to analyse the dynamic secretion of PRL under stimulatory and inhibitory tests in metastatic breast cancer. Methods The study included 10 untreated metastatic breast cancer women, who were evaluated after the classical stimulatory and inhibitory tests for PRL secretion with the antidopaminergic agent Metoclopramide (10 mg iv as a bolus) and with L-dopa, respectively. Serum levels of PRL were measured by RIA before and at subsequent intervals after drug administration. PRL levels were considered to be elevated when they were higher than 25 ng/ml. Results Abnormally high basal levels of PRL were seen in 6/10 patients. L-dopa was unable to inhibit PRL secretion, whose mean concentrations paradoxically significantly increased in response to L-dopa, with values comparable to those observed after the classical stimulatory test with metoclopramide. Conclusions This study confirm the existence of hyperprolactinemia associated with metastatic breast cancer. In addition, by showing a paradoxical rise of PRL in response to L-dopa, which inhibits PRL secretion in physiological conditions, this study would suggest that breast cancer-related hyperprolactinemia may depend at least in part on endogenous disease-related neuroendocrine alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mandalà
- Divisione di Radioterapia Oncologica, Ospedale San Gerardo, Monza, Italy
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7
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Barni S, Lissoni P, Tancini G, Crispino S, Paolorossi F, Rovelli F, Fumagalli G, Ferri L. Prolactin Response to Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone in Early and Advanced Human Breast Cancer. Tumori 2018; 72:399-403. [PMID: 3094215 DOI: 10.1177/030089168607200410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
While prolactin (PRL) has been shown to stimulate the development of mammary carcinoma in several animal species, its role in human breast cancer remains to be established. To further investigate PRL secretion in human breast cancer, its basal levels and response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) were evaluated in 16 patients (6 with no metastases and 10 with metastatic locations). The control group consisted of 19 healthy women. High PRL basal concentrations were seen in 2 patients only; no significant differences were found between the other patients and the normal subjects. The PRL increase induced by TRH administration was significantly higher in patients than in controls. Finally a change in the hormonal secretion was found after chemotherapy in 3 of the 5 patients in whom PRL response to TRH was evaluated either before or 10-12 days after a cycle of intravenous CMF adjuvant chemotherapy. These results demonstrate the existence of an exaggerated response of PRL to TRH in patients with breast cancer, even in the presence of normal basal levels. Moreover, they would seem to suggest a possible influence of CMF on PRL response to TRH stimulation.
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8
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Rovelli F, Lissoni P, Crispino S, Barni S, Fumagalli G, Paolorossi F, Tancini G. Increased Level of Soluble Interleukin-2 Receptor in Advanced Solid Tumors: A Preliminary Study. Tumori 2018; 74:633-7. [PMID: 3266042 DOI: 10.1177/030089168807400603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Both activated normal and transformed lymphocytes produce not only cell-associated but also cell-free IL-2R. Evidence of high serum concentrations of IL-2R appears to serve as a tumor marker in patients with lymphomas On the contrary, the role of soluble IL-2R in solid neoplasms has still to be defined. This investigation was carried out to analyze soluble IL-2R production in human solid tumors. The study included 35 patients with solid tumors (12 without and 23 with metastases), 58 healthy subjects and 6 lymphoma patients. Among cancer patients, lung and breast carcinoma were the two most frequent neoplasms. In each subject or patient, serum levels of IL-2R were measured by using an enzyme immunoassay. Moreover, in 14/23 patients with metastatic solid tumors, lymphocyte subpopulations were also evaluated. Serum levels of IL-2R were significantly higher in the cancer patients than in the normal subjects. The patients with metastatic solid tumors showed significantly higher mean levels than those without metastases, and similar to those observed in the lymphoma patients. Finally, there was no correlation between serum levels of IL-2R and the T4/T8 ratio, which was reduced in 5/14 cancer patients. Further studies will be needed to establish if elevated concentrations of IL-2R in the serum can contribute to the immunoincompetence of patients with disseminated solid neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Rovelli
- Laboratorio di Radioimmunologia, Ospedale San Gerardo, Milano, Italia
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9
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Barni S, Lissoni P, Crispino S, Cattaneo G, Rovelli F, Fumagalli G, Tancini G. Neuroimmunomodulation in Cancer Patients: Correlations between Melatonin and ß-Endorphin Blood Levels and T Helper/Suppressor Ratio. Int J Biol Markers 2018; 3:82-6. [DOI: 10.1177/172460088800300202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The pineal gland and opioid peptides play roles in the neuroendocrine control of immunity. Both neuroendocrine and immune dysfunctions have been observed in cancer but the importance of the altered secretion of neurohormones in the immunoincompetence of cancer patients has never been investigated. This study concomitantly evaluated neuroendocrine and immune functions in 40 patients with early or advanced neoplastic disease. In each patient, melatonin and β-endorphin blood levels and lymphocyte subtypes were determined on venous blood samples collected during the morning. Metastatic patients had lower melatonin levels and a lower T4/T8 ratio than patients without metastases but no significant correlation was found between melatonin and the T4/T8 ratio. β-endorphin levels appeared to be normal in all patients. These results suggest that melatonin and β-endorphin secretion have no role in determining immune dysfunctions in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Barni
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Ospedale San Gerardo, Monza - Italy
| | - P. Lissoni
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Ospedale San Gerardo, Monza - Italy
| | - S. Crispino
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Ospedale San Gerardo, Monza - Italy
| | - G. Cattaneo
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Ospedale San Gerardo, Monza - Italy
| | - F. Rovelli
- Radioimmunoassay Service, Ospedale San Gerardo, Monza - Italy
| | - G. Fumagalli
- Radioimmunoassay Service, Ospedale San Gerardo, Monza - Italy
| | - G. Tancini
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Ospedale San Gerardo, Monza - Italy
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10
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Barni S, Lissoni P, Tancini G, Crispino S, Paolorossi F, Rovelli F, Fumagalli G, Ferri L, Esposti D, Esposti G. Acute Effects of Various Chemotherapeutic Combinations on Hypophyseal and Pineal Hormone Secretions in Cancer Patients. Tumori 2018; 73:181-5. [PMID: 2953096 DOI: 10.1177/030089168707300216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
It is known that prolonged therapy with cytotoxic drugs may affect the endocrine system. The present study was carried out to establish whether administration of chemotherapeutic drugs acutely influences hypophyseal and pineal activities. Nineteen patients affected by solid tumors were included in the study, 5 of whom were treated with CMF, 4 with FEC, 4 with CEV, and 6 with CDDP. Cytotoxic drugs were intravenously administered. Venous blood samples were collected at zero time and at 30, 60, 120 and 180 min after drug administration. On a separate occasion, venous blood samples were drawn during a saline infusion only. In each sample FSH, LH, GH, PRL, TSH, Cortisol, melatonin and β-endorphin were determined by the RIA method. The only significant changes observed in this study were a rise in PRL and a decrease in β-endorphin after CDDP administration. Melatonin was enhanced after CDDP and CMF, and Cortisol decreased after CMF and FEC, but their variations were not statistically significant with respect to those seen during saline infusion.
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11
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Giordano C, Sandrini E, Busini V, Chiesa R, Fumagalli G, Giavaresi G, Fini M, Giardino R, Cigada A. A New Chemical Etching Process to Improve Endosseous Implant Osseointegration: In Vitro Evaluation on Human Osteoblast-Like Cells. Int J Artif Organs 2018; 29:772-80. [PMID: 16969755 DOI: 10.1177/039139880602900807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The development of novel mechanical and chemical surface modification treatments to improve the osteointegration properties of osseointegrated dental implants is nowadays a topic of great applicative interest. The aim of the present study was to analyse the role of surface topography and chemistry of four different surface treatments on titanium by an in vitro human osteosarcoma immortalised cell line model (MG63). The surface treatments considered were (a) machined titanium, (b) chemical etched on machined titanium, (c) sandblasted titanium and (d) chemical etching on sandblasted titanium. Chemical and physical surface properties were investigated by Scanning Electron Microscopy, Thin Film-X ray Diffraction and by Laser Profilometry. The in vitro biological response was characterised using the MG63 cell line by elution cytotoxicity tests, cell morphology, adhesion, proliferation activity, alkaline phosphatase activity and total DNA content in order to show a relationship between osteoblast response and surface features. Chemical and physical characterisation showed that the considered treatments differently modify the surface morphology in the micro and sub-micrometric scale. Although some differences in alkaline phosphatase activity were observed in the biological characterisation, depending on the specific material's surface finishing, the results showed that cells were well responsive on all the tested materials and grew and differentiated with similar proliferation rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Giordano
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Materials Engineering G. Natta, Polytechnic of Milan, Milan, Italy.
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12
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Galimberti D, Bonsi R, Fenoglio C, Serpente M, Cioffi SMG, Fumagalli G, Arighi A, Ghezzi L, Arcaro M, Mercurio M, Rotondo E, Scarpini E. Inflammatory molecules in Frontotemporal Dementia: cerebrospinal fluid signature of progranulin mutation carriers. Brain Behav Immun 2015; 49:182-7. [PMID: 26021560 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2015.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Revised: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in progranulin gene (GRN) are one of the major causes of autosomal dominant Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration (FTLD). Progranulin displays anti-inflammatory properties and is likely a ligand of Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) receptor 2, expressed on microglia. A few cytokines and chemokines are altered in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from patients with sporadic FTLD, whereas no information is available in familial cases. We evaluated, through BioPlex, levels of 27 inflammatory molecules, including cytokines, chemokines, and related receptors, in CSF and matched serum, from FTLD patients carrying GRN mutations as compared with sporadic FTLD with no GRN mutations and controls. Mean±SD Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 (MCP-1) levels were significantly increased in CSF from sporadic FTLD patients as compared with controls (334.27±151.5 versus 159.7±49pg/ml; P⩽0.05). In GRN mutation carriers versus controls, CSF levels of MCP-1 were unchanged, whereas Interferon-γ-inducible protein-10 (IP-10) levels were increased (809.17±240.0 versus 436.61±202.5pg/ml; P=0.012). In the same group, TNFα and Interleukin (IL)-15 levels were decreased (3.18±1.41 versus 35.68±30.5pg/ml; P=0.013 and 9.34±5.54 versus 19.15±10.03pg/ml; P=0.023, respectively). Conversely, Regulated upon Activation, Normal T-cell Expressed, and Secreted (RANTES) levels were decreased in patients, with or without mutations, as compared with controls (4.63±3.30 and 2.58±20 versus 87.57±70pg/ml, respectively; P<0.05). Moreover, IP-10, IL-15 and RANTES CSF levels were not influenced by age, whereas MCP-1 levels increased with age (ρ=0.48; P=0.007). In conclusion, inflammatory de-regulation was observed in both sporadic FTLD and GRN carriers compared to controls, with a specific inflammatory profile for the latter group.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Galimberti
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Fondazione Cà Granda, IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via F. Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy.
| | - R Bonsi
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Fondazione Cà Granda, IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via F. Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - C Fenoglio
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Fondazione Cà Granda, IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via F. Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - M Serpente
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Fondazione Cà Granda, IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via F. Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - S M G Cioffi
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Fondazione Cà Granda, IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via F. Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - G Fumagalli
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Fondazione Cà Granda, IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via F. Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - A Arighi
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Fondazione Cà Granda, IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via F. Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - L Ghezzi
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Fondazione Cà Granda, IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via F. Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - M Arcaro
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Fondazione Cà Granda, IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via F. Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - M Mercurio
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Fondazione Cà Granda, IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via F. Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - E Rotondo
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Fondazione Cà Granda, IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via F. Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - E Scarpini
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Fondazione Cà Granda, IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via F. Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy
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Di Trapani M, Bassi G, Ricciardi M, Fontana E, Bifari F, Pacelli L, Giacomello L, Pozzobon M, Féron F, De Coppi P, Anversa P, Fumagalli G, Decimo I, Menard C, Tarte K, Krampera M. Comparative study of immune regulatory properties of stem cells derived from different tissues. Cytotherapy 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2014.01.288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Borras M, Roig J, Betriu A, Vilar A, Hernandez M, Martin M, Fernandez ED, Dounousi E, Kiatou V, Papagianni A, Zikou X, Pappas K, Pappas E, Tatsioni A, Tsakiris D, Siamopoulos KC, Kim JK, Kim Y, Kim SG, Kim HJ, Ahn SY, Chin HJ, Oh KH, Ahn C, Chae DW, Yazici R, Altintepe L, Bakdik S, Guney I, Arslan S, Topal M, Karagoz A, Stefan G, Mircescu G, Capusa C, Stancu S, Petrescu L, Alecu S, Nedelcu D, Bennett AHL, Pham H, Garrity M, Magdeleyns E, Vermeer C, Zhang M, Ni Z, Zhu M, Yan J, Mou S, Wang Q, Qian J, Saade A, Karavetian M, ElZein H, de Vries N, de Haseth DE, Lay Penne E, van Dam B, Bax WA, Bots ML, Grooteman MPC, van den Dorpel RA, Blankenstijn PJ, Nube MJ, Wee PM, Park JH, Jo YI, Lee JH, Cianfrone P, Comi N, Lucisano G, Piraina V, Talarico R, Fuiano G, Toyonaga M, Fukami K, Yamagishi SI, Kaida Y, Nakayama Y, Ando R, Obara N, Ueda S, Okuda S, Granatova J, Havrda M, Hruskova Z, Tesar V, Viklicky O, Rysava R, Rychlik I, Kratka K, Honsova E, Vernerova Z, Maluskova J, Vranova J, Bolkova M, Borecka K, Benakova H, Zima T, Lu KC, Yang HY, Su SL, Cao YH, Lv LL, Liu BC, Zeng R, Gao XF, Deng YY, Boelaert J, t' Kindt R, Glorieux G, Schepers E, Jorge L, Neirynck N, Lynen F, Sandra P, Sandra K, Vanholder R, Yamamoto T, Nameta M, Yoshida Y, Uhlen M, Shi Y, Tang J, Zhang J, An Y, Liao Y, Li Y, Tao Y, Wang L, Koibuchi K, Tanaka K, Aoki T, Miyagi M, Sakai K, Aikawa A, Martins AR, Branco PQ, Serra FM, Matias PJ, Lucas CP, Adragao T, Duarte J, Oliveira MM, Saraiva AM, Barata JD, Masola V, Zaza G, Granata S, Proglio M, Pontrelli P, Abaterusso C, Schena F, Gesualdo L, Gambaro G, Lupo A, Pruijm M, Hofmann L, Stuber M, Zweiacker C, Piskunowicz M, Muller ME, Vogt B, Burnier M, Togashi N, Yamashita T, Mita T, Ohnuma Y, Hasegawa T, Endo T, Tsuchida A, Ando T, Yoshida H, Miura T, Bevins A, Assi L, Ritchie J, Jesky M, Stringer S, Kalra P, Hutchison C, Harding S, Cockwell P, Viccica G, Cupisti A, Chiavistelli S, Borsari S, Pardi E, Centoni R, Fumagalli G, Cetani F, Marcocci C, Scully P, O'Flaherty D, Sankaralingam A, Hampson G, Goldsmith DJ, Pallet N, Chauvet S, Beaune P, Nochy D, Thervet E, Karras A, Bertho G, Gallyamov MG, Saginova EA, Severova MM, Krasnova TN, Kopylova AA, Cho E, Jo SK, Kim MG, Cho WY, kim HK, Trivin C, Metzger M, Boffa JJ, Vrtovsnik F, Houiller P, Haymann JP, Flamant M, Stengel B, Thervet E, Roozbeh J, Yavari V, Pakfetrat M, Zolghadr AA, Kim CS, Kim MJ, Kang YU, Choi JS, Bae EH, Ma SK, Kim SW, Lemoine S, Guebre-Egziabher F, Dubourg L, Hadj-Aissa A, Blumberg S, Katzir Z, Biro A, Cernes R, Barnea Z, Vasquez D, Gordillo R, Aller C, Fernandez B, Jabary N, Perez V, Mendiluce A, Bustamante J, Coca A, Goek ON, Sekula P, Prehn C, Meisinger C, Gieger C, Suhre K, Adamski J, Kastenmuller G, Kottgen A, Kuzniewski M, Fedak D, Dumnicka P, Solnica B, Kusnierz-Cabala B, Kapusta M, Sulowicz W, Drozdz R, Zawada AM, Rogacev KS, Hummel B, Fliser D, Geisel J, Heine GH, Kretschmer A, Volsek M, Krahn T, Kolkhof P, Kribben A, Bruck H, Koh ES, Chung S, Yoon HE, Park CW, Chang YS, Shin SJ, Deagostini MC, Vigotti FN, Ferraresi M, Consiglio V, Scognamiglio S, Moro I, Clari R, Daidola G, Versino E, Piccoli GB, Mammadrahim Agayev M, Mehrali Mammadova I, Qarib Ismayilova S, Anguiano L, Riera M, Pascual J, Barrios C, Betriu A, Valdivielso JM, Fernandez E, Soler MJ, Tsarpali V, Liakopoulos V, Panagopoulou E, Kapoukranidou D, Spaia S, Kostopoulou M, Michalaki A, Nikitidou O, Dombros N, Zhu F, Abba S, Flores-Gama C, Williams C, Cartagena C, Carter M, Kotanko P, Levin NW, Kolesnyk M, Stepanova N, Driyanska V, Stashevska N, Kundin V, Shifris I, Dudar I, Zaporozhets O, Keda T, Ishchenko M, Khil M, Choe JY, Nam SA, Kim J, Cha JH, Gliga ML, Irimescu CG, Caldararu CD, Gliga MG, Toma LV, Gomotarceanu A, Park Y, Kim Y, Jeon J, Kwon SK, Kim SJ, Kim SM, Kim HY, Montero N, Soler MJ, Barrios C, Marquez E, Berrada A, Arias C, Prada JA, Orfila MA, Mojal S, Vilaplana C, Pascual J, Vigotti FN, Attini R, Parisi S, Fassio F, Deagostini MC, Ghiotto S, Ferraresi M, Clari R, Biolcati M, Todros T, Piccoli GB, Jin K, Vaziri ND, Tramonti G, Romiti N, Chieli E, Maksudova AN, Khusnutdinova LA, Tang J, Shi Y, Zhang J, Li Y, An Y, Tao Y, Wang L, Reque JE, Quiroga B, Lopez JM, Verdallez UG, Garcia de Vinuesa M, Goicoechea M, Nayara PG, Arroyo DR, Luno J, Tanaka H, Flores-Gama C, Abbas SR, Williams C, Cartagena C, Carter M, Thijssen S, Kotanko P, Levin NW, Zhu F, Berthoux FC, Azzouz L, Afiani A, Ziane A, Mariat C, Fournier H, Kusztal M, Dzierzek P, Witkowski G, Nurzynski M, Golebiowski T, Weyde W, Klinger M, Altiparmak MR, Seyahi N, Trabulus S, Bolayirli M, Andican ZG, Suleymanlar G, Serdengecti K, Niculae A, Checherita IA, Neagoe DN, Ciocalteu A, Seiler S, Rogacev KS, Pickering JW, Emrich I, Fliser D, Heine G, Bargnoux AS, Obiols J, Kuster N, Fessler P, Badiou S, Dupuy AM, Ribstein J, Cristol JP, Yanagisawa N, Ando M, Ajisawa A, Tsuchiya K, Nitta K, Bouquegneau A, Cavalier E, Krzesinski JM, Delanaye P, Tominaga N, Shibagaki Y, Kida K, Miyake F, Kimura K, Ayvazyan A, Rameev V, Kozlovskaya L, Simonyan A, Scholze A, Marckmann P, Tepel M, Rasmussen LM, Hara M, Ando M, Tsuchiya K, Nitta K, Kanai H, Harada K, Tamura Y, Kawai Y, Al-Jebouri MM, Madash SA, Leonidovna Berezinets O, Nicolaevich Rossolovskiy A. Lab methods / biomarkers. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gft108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Miyazaki N, Matsumoto J, Alberici F, Palmisano A, Maritati F, Oliva E, Buzio C, Vaglio A, Mjoen G, Norby GE, Vikse BE, Svarstad E, Rune B, Knut A, Szymczak M, Kuzniar J, Kopec W, Marchewka Z, Klinger M, Arrizabalaga P, Silvarino R, Sant F, Espinosa G, Sole M, Cervera R, Gude D, Chennamsetty S, Demin A, Kozlov V, Lisukov I, Kotova O, Sizikov A, Sergeevicheva V, Demina L, Borjesson O, Wendt M, Avik A, Qureshi AR, Bratt J, Miller EJ, Gunnarsson I, Bruchfeld A, Sugiyama K, Hasegawa M, Yamamoto K, Hayashi H, Koide S, Murakami K, Tomita M, Yoshida S, Yuzawa Y, Yew S, Jayne D, Westman K, Hoglund P, Flossman O, Mahr A, Luqmani R, Robson J, Thervet E, Levi C, Guiard E, Roland M, Nochy D, Daniliuc C, Guillevin L, Mouthon L, Jacquot C, Karras A, Kimura Y, Morita H, Debiec H, Yamada H, Miura N, Banno S, Ronco P, Imai H, Shin DH, Famee D, Koo HM, Han SH, Choi KH, Yoo TH, Kang SW, Fofi C, Fofi C, Scabbia L, Festuccia F, Stoppacciaro A, Mene' P, Shimizu A, Fukui M, MII A, Kaneko T, Masuda Y, Iino Y, Katayama Y, Fukuda Y, Kuroki A, Matsumoto K, Akizawa T, Jurubita R, Ismail G, Bobeica R, Rusu E, Zilisteanu D, Andronesi A, Motoi O, Ditoiu V, Copaci I, Voiculescu M, Irazabal MV, Eirin A, Lieske JC, Beck LH, Dillon JJ, Nachman PH, Sethi S, Erickson SB, Cattran DC, Fervenza FC, Svobodova B, Hruskova Z, Janatkova I, Jancova E, Tesar V, Seo MS, Kwon SH, Lee EB, You JY, Hyun YK, Woo SA, Park MY, Choi SJ, Jeon JS, Noh H, Kim JG, Han DC, Hwang SD, Choi TY, Jin SY, Kwon SH, Loiacono E, Loiacono E, Defedele D, Puccinelli MP, Camilla R, Gallo R, Peruzzi L, Rollino C, Beltrame G, Ferro M, Vergano L, Campolo F, Amore A, Coppo R, Knoop T, Vikse BE, Svarstad E, Bostad L, Leivestad T, Bjorneklett R, Teranishi J, Yamamoto R, Nagasawa Y, Shoji T, Iwatani H, Okada N, Moriyama T, Yamauchi A, Tsubakihara Y, Imai E, Rakugi H, Isaka Y, Koo HM, Doh FM, Kim SJ, Kang SW, Choi KH, Han DS, Han SH, Suzuki Y, Matsuzaki K, Suzuki H, Okazaki K, Yanagawa H, Maiguma M, Muto M, Sato T, Horikoshi S, Novak J, Hotta O, Tomino Y, Gutierrez* E, Zamora I, Ballarin J, Arce Y, Jimenez S, Quereda C, Olea T, Martinez-Ara J, Segarra A, Bernis C, Garcia A, Goicoechea M, Garcia de Vinuesa S, Rojas J, Praga M, Ristovska V, Petrushevska G, Grcevska L, Knoop T, Vikse BE, Svarstad E, Bostad L, Leivestad T, Bjorneklett R, Satake K, Shimizu Y, Mugitani N, Suzuki H, Suzuki Y, Horikoshi S, Honda S, Shibuya K, Shibuya A, Tomino Y, Papale M, Rocchetti MT, DI Paolo S, Suriano IV, D'apollo A, Vocino G, Montemurno E, Varraso L, Grandaliano G, Gesualdo L, Huerta A, Bomback AS, Canetta PA, Radhakrishnan J, Herlitz L, Stokes B, D'agati V, Markowitz G, Appel GB, Ristovska V, Grcevska L, Mouna H, Nasr BD, Mrabet I, Ahmed L, Sabra A, Mohamed Ammeur F, Mezri E, Habib S, Innocenti M, Pasquariello A, Pasquariello G, Mattei P, Bottai A, Fumagalli G, Bozzoli L, Samoni S, Cupisti A, Caldin B, Hung J, Repizo L, Malheiros DM, Barros R, Woronik V, Giammarresi C, Bono L, Ferrantelli A, Tortorici C, Licavoli G, Rotolo U, Huang X, Wang Q, Shi M, Chen W, Liu Z, Scarpioni R, Cantarini L, Lazzaro A, Ricardi M, Albertazzi V, Melfa L, Concesi C, Vallisa D, Cavanna L, Gungor G, Ataseven H, Demir A, Solak Y, Biyik M, Ozturk B, Polat I, Kiyici A, Ozer Cakir O, Polat H, Martinez-Ara J, Castillo I, Carreno V, Aguilar A, Madero R, Hernandez E, Bernis C, Bartolome J, Gea F, Selgas R, El Aggan HAM, El Banawy HS, Wagdy E, Tchebotareva N, LI O, Bobkova I, Kozlovskaya L, Varshavskiy V, Golicina E, Chen Y, Gong Z, Chen X, Tang L, Zhou J, Cao X, Wei R, Koo EH, Koo EH, Park JH, Kim HK, Kim MS, Jang HR, Lee JE, Huh W, Kim DJ, Oh HY, Kim YG, Tchebotareva N, Bobkova I, Kozlovskaya L, LI O, Eskova O, Shvetsov M, Golytsina E, Varshavskiy V, Popova O, Quaglia M, Monti S, Fenoglio R, Menegotto A, Airoldi A, Izzo C, Rizzo MA, Dianzani U, Stratta P, Vaglio A, Vaglio A, Alberici F, Gianfreda D, Buzio C. Primary and secondary glomerulonephritis I. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2012. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfs223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Formaggio E, Dalfini AC, Fazzini F, Fumagalli G, Chiamulera C. GABAergic neurons expressing p75 in rat substantia innominata and nucleus basalis. Mol Cell Neurosci 2011; 46:625-32. [PMID: 21238591 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2011.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2010] [Revised: 01/01/2011] [Accepted: 01/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro findings suggested a role for the p75 neurotrophin receptor in the maturation of GABAergic neurons residing in the basal forebrain (BF), a brain area known to have p75 expression only on cholinergic neurons. We document here the presence of GABAergic neurons which express p75 in the BF in vivo. Colocalization of p75 with the cholinergic marker choline-acetyltransferase (ChAT) and/or the GABAergic marker glutamic acid decarboxylase-67 (GAD67) was investigated in the BF at birth, at two weeks, and in adulthood. A subset of GAD67(+) neurons was p75(+) (p75(+)/GAD67(+)) but ChAT(-) in the substantia innominata and nucleus basalis magnocellularis at birth, whereas all p75(+)/GAD67(+) neurons were also ChAT(+) from two weeks onward. These phenotypic features suggest that a subpopulation of GABAergic neurons could be sensitive to neurotrophins during brain maturation. To unravel this issue, we then pursued a functional analysis by assessing p75 expression profile, and its modulation by nerve growth factor (NGF) or brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in primary BF cell cultures. NGF increased p75 expression exclusively in cholinergic neurons, whereas BDNF induced p75 expression only in a subset of GABAergic neurons (p75(+)/GAD67(+)/ChAT(-)) through a p75- and tyrosine-kinase-dependent mechanism. The latter findings point to a selective role of BDNF in the induction of p75 expression in BF GABAergic neurons. Altogether these results confirm the role of neurotrophins in the developing and mature circuitry of GABAergic neurons in the BF regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Formaggio
- Department of Medicine and Public Health, Section of Pharmacology, University of Verona, P.le Scuro 10, 37134 Verona, Italy.
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Abstract
Noradrenergic transmission has been implicated in the affective component of relapse to tobacco smoking. Evidence in human and laboratory animals showed that smoking or nicotine administration may cause changes of the noradrenergic system resulting in hyperactivity in this system after cessation. It has been hypothesised that the anti-adrenergic beta-blocker propranolol may decrease affective activation and arousal observed during drug withdrawal or cue-induced relapse. The aim of the present work was to test the effects of propranolol pre-treatment in a rat model of nicotine cue-induced relapse to nicotine seeking. We also tested the effects of propranolol on food cue-induced reinstatement of food seeking in rats trained on food self-administration. Propranolol transiently inhibited nicotine cue-induced reinstatement. The inhibitory effect of propranolol reached a peak after 30 min from the beginning of the reinstatement session and then it declined until it was completely absent at the end of the 3-h session. This inhibitory effect of propranolol was not observed when the drug was tested versus reinstatement with food cues. The present study suggests a weak effect of propranolol to counteract nicotine cue-induced reinstatement of nicotine seeking. Therefore, these findings do not support a potential use of propranolol for prevention of smoking relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Chiamulera
- Neuropsychopharmacology Laboratory, Section of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
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Formaggio E, Fazzini F, Dalfini A, Di Chio M, Cantù C, Decimo I, Fiorini Z, Fumagalli G, Chiamulera C. Nicotine increases the expression of neurotrophin receptor tyrosine kinase receptor A in basal forebrain cholinergic neurons. Neuroscience 2010; 166:580-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2009.12.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2009] [Revised: 12/29/2009] [Accepted: 12/30/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abstract
At the normal mammalian neuromuscular junction the half-life of the acetylcholine receptor (AChR) ranges from 6 to 13 days (estimates from seven different laboratories). Indirect evidence suggests that the internalized receptor is degraded by a lysosomal mechanism. We have now traced the fate of the AChR labelled in vivo with peroxidase-alpha-bungarotoxin. Segments of junctional folds bearing AChRs are internalized by endocytosis. The endocytosed vesicles are engulfed by tubules and larger vesicles which, by electron cytochemical criteria, represent secondary lysosomes. Pathological mechanisms increased AChR loss from the end-plate. These include destruction of junctional folds, formation of immature junctions with a few or no junctional folds, accelerated internalization of AChR, impaired membrane insertion of new AChR and, possibly decreased AChR synthesis. The common mechanism for destruction of the junctional folds is an altered subsynaptic ionic milieu, and especially focal calcium excess. This can be induced by antibody and complement, too frequent or prolonged openings of the acetylcholine (ACh)-induced ion channel, and other membrane defects. In acquired autoimmune myasthenia gravis there is (a) antibody-dependent complement-mediated lysis of the junctional folds, (b) accelerated internalization of AChR cross-linked by antibody and (c) decreased insertion of AChR into the postsynaptic membrane. The last mechanism is attributed to lack of membrane patches available for tight packing and secure anchoring of the receptor. In acute, but not in chronic, experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis, and infrequently in human myasthenia gravis, macrophages destroy junctional folds opsonized by antibody and C3. In a recently recognized congenital syndrome attributed to a prolonged open time of the ACh-induced ion channel, and to a lesser extent in congenital end-plate acetylcholinesterase deficiency, AChR is lost with degradation of junctional folds. In other, less well-defined, congenital syndromes there is deficiency or abnormal function of AChR. This could arise from decreased synthesis or membrane insertion or accelerated degradation of AChR, or from a structurally abnormal AChR with reduced affinity for ACh or with a diminished conductance or open time of its ion channel.
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Lissoni P, Messina G, Balestra A, Colciago M, Brivio F, Fumagalli L, Fumagalli G, Parolini D. Efficacy of cancer chemotherapy in relation to synchronization of cortisol rhythm, immune status and psychospiritual profile in metastatic non-small cell lung cancer. In Vivo 2008; 22:257-262. [PMID: 18468412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prognosis of cancer and the efficacy of the various anticancer therapies depend not only on tumor characteristics, but also on the endocrine and immune status of patients. Moreover, studies have shown that the clinical course of the neoplastic disease is also influenced by the psychospiritual status of patients. It is thus probable that the influence of psychospirituality on tumor growth may be mediated by the immunoneuroendocrine system, as demonstrated by the recent advances in psychoneuroendocrinological research. However, at present there are only few data on the possible link between the psychospiritual status and immunoendocrine functions of cancer patients. This study was carried out to investigate the relationships existing among the psychospiritual profile, cortisol rhythm and lymphocyte number before and after chemotherapy, and the efficacy of chemotherapy itself in advanced cancer patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS The study included 30 consecutive metastatic non-small cell lung cancer patients under chemotherapeutic treatment with cisplatin plus gemcitabine. The psychobiological investigations consisted of lymphocyte count, cortisol circadian rhythm, psychological profile using Rorschach test, and spiritual score, as assessed by a specific clinical test for spirituality. The control group consisted of 100 healthy volunteers. The patients who achieved a tumor regression, showed a significantly higher pre-treatment lymphocyte count and significantly lower alteration of the cortisol rhythm with respect to those who had no benefit from chemotherapy. Moreover, the lymphocyte mean number increased during chemotherapy in responder patients, whereas it progressively diminished in those who had disease progression. Lymphocytopenia and alterations of the cortisol rhythm prior to chemotherapy were associated with a loss of the psychosexual identity according the Rorschach test. Moreover, the mean spiritual score was lower in patients than in controls, although the difference was not significant. Finally, a low spiritual score prior to therapy was associated with a higher frequency of lymphocytopenia and cortisol rhythm alteration, as well as with a lower efficacy of chemotherapy itself. CONCLUSION This preliminary study would suggest that the psychospiritual status of cancer patients may influence the efficacy of chemotherapy through the immunoneuroendocrine system.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Lissoni
- Divisions of Radiation Oncology, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Milan, Italy.
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Contreras G, Fassina P, Fumagalli G, Goidanich S, Lazzari L, Mazzola E. A study on metastability phenomena of passive films for corrosion resistant alloys. Electrochim Acta 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2006.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Lissoni P, Brivio F, Fumagalli L, Messina G, Secreto G, Romelli B, Fumagalli G, Rovelli F, Colciago M, Brera G. Immune and endocrine mechanisms of advanced cancer-related hypercortisolemia. In Vivo 2007; 21:647-50. [PMID: 17708360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer progression depend on the immune and endocrine status of the patients. In particular, it has been observed that abnormally high levels of cortisol and/or an altered circadian secretion are associated with a poor prognosis in advanced cancer patients. The present study was performed to establish whether cancer-induced hypercortisolemia depends on an activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis or on a direct adrenal stimulation by inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6, which have been proven to induce cortisol secretion. PATIENTS AND METHODS The study included 50 metastatic solid tumor patients, who were evaluated before the onset of chemotherapy. Venous blood samples were collected in the morning to measure IL-10, IL-6, ACTH and cortisol serum levels. Moreover, to analyze its circadian secretion, cortisol levels were also evaluated on venous blood samples collected at 4.00 p.m. RESULTS Abnormally high morning levels of cortisol were observed in 19/50 (38%) patients. Moreover, a lack of a normal circadian rhythm of cortisol was seen in 8/50 (16%) patients. None of the patients showed high levels of ACTH. Abnormally high concentrations of IL-6 and IL-10 were present in 21/50 (42%) and in 14/50 (28%) patients, respectively. Mean serum levels of both IL-6 and IL-10 were significantly higher in patients with hypercortisolemia than in those with normal cortisol values (p<0.005 and p<0.001, respectively). According to previous clinical studies, these results confirm that the advanced neoplastic disease may be associated with enhanced cortisol levels and alterations of its circadian secretion. The lack of enhanced ACTH secretion excludes the possibility that the abnormal cortisol production is due to the activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. On the contrary, the evidence of significantly higher concentrations of IL-6 in hypercortisolemic patients would suggest that cancer-related enhanced cortisol production may depend on a direct adrenal stimulation by IL-6 itself The well-demonstrated stimulatory role of cortisol on IL-10 production would explain the enhanced IL-10 secretion in hypercortisolemic patients. CONCLUSION Cancer-related hypercortisolemia would seem to depend on alterations of the feedback mechanisms between endocrine and cytokine secretions, occurring in the neoplastic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Lissoni
- Division of Radiation Oncology, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Milan, Italy.
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Cava M, Trequattrini T, Cappiello G, Magnanti M, Malgrande A, Fumagalli G, Rivitti R, Spanò A. “CASE REPORT” DI INFEZIONE DA NOCARDIA ASTEROIDES. Microbiol Med 2004. [DOI: 10.4081/mm.2004.3937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Manic S, Gatti L, Carenini N, Fumagalli G, Zunino F, Perego P. Mechanisms controlling sensitivity to platinum complexes: role of p53 and DNA mismatch repair. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2003; 3:21-9. [PMID: 12570658 DOI: 10.2174/1568009033333727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Although cisplatin is effective in the treatment of different types of tumors, resistance to treatment is a major limitation. In an attempt of overcoming resistance mechanisms, a large effort has been made to generate compounds with a different geometry. At present, the most clinically relevant compounds include mononuclear (i.e. oxaliplatin) as well as multinuclear platinum complexes (i.e. BBR 3464). The mechanisms of cellular response to platinum complexes have not been completely elucidated. Among the main pathways affecting cell sensitivity of these drugs a role for p53 has been proposed at least for cisplatin and BBR 3464. Our results indicate that, also in the case of oxaliplatin, cytotoxicity is modulated by this pathway. Indeed, the effect of oxaliplatin could be reduced in tumor cells expressing mutant p53. The DNA mismatch repair system also appears to be critical in regulating cellular sensitivity to cisplatin because the loss of DNA mismatch repair results in low level of resistance to cisplatin, but not to oxaliplatin. Thus, platinum compounds are endowed with differential capability to activate pathways of p53-dependent or independent apoptosis, and differential recognition by specific cellular systems is likely to be the critical determinant of the cell fate (death/survival) after drug exposure. Further molecular studies are required to better define the precise contribution of such pathways to the cellular responses of the clinically relevant platinum complexes. A complete understanding of the molecular basis of sensitivity to platinum drugs is expected to provide useful insights for the optimization of tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Manic
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, via Venezian 1, 20133 Milan Italy
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25
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Abstract
The muscle nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (AChR) turns over at different rates depending on stage of synaptogenesis and innervation. Tyrosine phosphorylation modulates desensitization, interaction with cytoskeleton and lateral mobility in the membrane of AChR. To determine whether tyrosine phosphorylation also modulates the turnover of AChR, myotubes in vitro were exposed to the tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor pervanadate. Our data indicate that a transient increase of phosphotyrosine levels stabilized a fraction of AChRs. The effects were limited to the non-epsilon subunit-containing AChRs already present in the membrane. Tyrosine phosphorylation of the receptor occurred on the beta subunit, was transient and stable molecules were not selectively tyrosine phosphorylated. The data indicate that modulation of phosphotyrosine levels in muscle cells provides signals to control AChR metabolic stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sava
- Department of Medicine & Public Health, Section of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Verona, Policlinico Borgo Roma, 37134 Verona, Italy
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26
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Bezakova G, Rabben I, Sefland I, Fumagalli G, Lømo T. Neural agrin controls acetylcholine receptor stability in skeletal muscle fibers. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2001; 98:9924-9. [PMID: 11493710 PMCID: PMC55554 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.171539698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2000] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
At mammalian neuromuscular junctions (NMJs), innervation induces and maintains the metabolic stability of acetylcholine receptors (AChRs). To explore whether neural agrin may cause similar receptor stabilization, we injected neural agrin cDNA of increasing transfection efficiencies into denervated adult rat soleus (SOL) muscles. As the efficiency increased, the amount of recombinant neural agrin expressed in the muscles also increased. This agrin aggregated AChRs on muscle fibers, whose half-life increased in a dose-dependent way from 1 to 10 days. Electrical muscle stimulation enhanced the stability of AChRs with short half-lives. Therefore, neural agrin can stabilize aggregated AChRs in a concentration- and activity-dependent way. However, there was no effect of stimulation on AChRs with a long half-life (10 days). Thus, at sufficiently high concentrations, neural agrin alone can stabilize AChRs to levels characteristic of innervated NMJs.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Bezakova
- Department of Physiology, University of Oslo, Norway
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27
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Roncarati R, Di Chio M, Sava A, Terstappen GC, Fumagalli G. Presynaptic localization of the small conductance calcium-activated potassium channel SK3 at the neuromuscular junction. Neuroscience 2001; 104:253-62. [PMID: 11311547 DOI: 10.1016/s0306-4522(01)00066-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Small conductance, calcium-activated potassium channels (SK channels) are present in most neurons, in denervated muscles and in several non-excitable cell types. In excitable cells SK channels play a fundamental role in the generation of the afterhyperpolarization which follows an action potential, thereby modulating neuronal firing and regulating excitability. To date, three channel subunits (SK1-3) have been cloned from mammalian brain. Since SK3 only has been shown to be expressed in muscles upon denervation, this channel may be involved in hyperexcitability and afterhyperpolarization observed in muscle cells in the absence of the nerve. Using confocal microscopy and SK3 specific antibodies, we demonstrate that SK3 immunoreactivity is present at the rat neuromuscular junction in denervated but also in innervated muscles. In denervated muscle fibers, SK3 is localized in the extrajunctional as well as the junctional plasma membrane, where it appears to be less abundant in the acetylcholine receptor-rich domains, corresponding to the crests of the postsynaptic folds. In innervated muscles, SK3 is not detectable in the muscle fiber but is present at the neuromuscular junction and seems to be localized presynaptically in the motor nerve terminals. Axonal accumulation of SK3 immunoreactivity occurs above and below a ligature of rat sciatic nerve, indicating that the SK3 protein is transported in both directions along the axons of the motor neurons. During rat development SK3 immunoreactivity is not found at the neuromuscular junction until day 35 of postnatal development when SK3 first appears in the motor neuron terminals. These results indicate that SK3 channels are components of the presynaptic compartment in the mature neuromuscular junction, where they may play an important regulatory role in synaptic transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Roncarati
- Department of Medicine and Public Health, Section of Pharmacology, University of Verona, 37134, Verona, Italy.
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28
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Shehi E, Serina S, Fumagalli G, Vanoni M, Consonni R, Zetta L, Dehò G, Tortora P, Fusi P. The Sso7d DNA-binding protein from Sulfolobus solfataricus has ribonuclease activity. FEBS Lett 2001; 497:131-6. [PMID: 11377427 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(01)02455-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Sso7d is a small, basic, abundant protein from the thermoacidophilic archaeon Sulfolobus solfataricus. Previous research has shown that Sso7d can bind double-stranded DNA without sequence specificity by placing its triple-stranded beta-sheet across the minor groove. We previously found RNase activity both in preparations of Sso7d purified from its natural source and in recombinant, purified protein expressed in Escherichia coli. This paper provides conclusive evidence that supports the assignment of RNase activity to Sso7d, shown by the total absence of activity in the single-point mutants E35L and K12L, despite the preservation of their overall structure under the assay conditions. In keeping with our observation that the residues putatively involved in RNase activity and those playing a role in DNA binding are located on different surfaces of the molecule, the activity was not impaired in the presence of DNA. If a small synthetic RNA was used as a substrate, Sso7d attacked both predicted double- and single-stranded RNA stretches, with no evident preference for specific sequences or individual bases. Apparently, the more readily attacked bonds were those intrinsically more unstable.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Shehi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze, Università di Milano-Biocca, Milan, Italy
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29
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Mion S, Corti C, Neki A, Shigemoto R, Corsi M, Fumagalli G, Ferraguti F. Bidirectional regulation of neurite elaboration by alternatively spliced metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) isoforms. Mol Cell Neurosci 2001; 17:957-72. [PMID: 11414786 DOI: 10.1006/mcne.2001.0993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternative splicing in the mGluR5 gene generates two different receptor isoforms, of which expression is developmentally regulated. However, little is known about the functional significance of mGluR5 splice variants. We have examined the functional coupling, subcellular targeting, and effect on neuronal differentiation of epitope-tagged mGluR5 isoforms by expression in neuroblastoma NG108-15 cells. We found that both mGluR5 splice variants give rise to comparable [Ca2+]i transients and have similar pharmacological profile. Tagged receptors were shown by immunofluorescence to be inserted in the plasma membrane. In undifferentiated cells the subcellular localization of the two mGluR5 isoforms was partially segregated, whereas in differentiated cells the labeling largely redistributed to the newly formed neurites. Interestingly, we demonstrate that mGluR5 splice variants dramatically influence the formation and maturation of neurites; mGluR5a hinders the acquisition of mature neuronal traits and mGluR5b fosters the elaboration and extension of neurites. These effects are partly inhibited by MPEP.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mion
- Department of Medicine and Public Health, Pharmacology Section, Universita' di Verona, Policlinico Borgo Roma, Verona, 37134, Italy
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30
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Lanza GA, Dello Russo A, Giglio V, De Luca L, Messano L, Santini C, Ricci E, Damiani A, Fumagalli G, De Martino G, Mangiola F, Bellocci F. Impairment of cardiac autonomic function in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy: relationship to myocardial and respiratory function. Am Heart J 2001; 141:808-12. [PMID: 11320370 DOI: 10.1067/mhj.2001.114804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies reported an impairment of nervous autonomic activity in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). However, the relationship of the autonomic dysfunction to the impairment of cardiac mechanical function and of respiratory failure is not completely understood. METHODS We evaluated cardiac autonomic function by time- and frequency-domain heart rate variability (HRV) analysis on 24-hour Holter recordings in 60 patients with DMD (16.8 +/- 4.8 years) and 28 healthy control patients (15.2 +/- 4.6 years, P = not significant). The circadian rhythm of R-R interval, low frequency, high frequency, and low-frequency/high-frequency ratio was also assessed. In all patients, left ventricular ejection fraction was measured by 2D echocardiography; respiratory function was assessed by spirometry. RESULTS All HRV parameters were lower in patients with DMD than in control subjects, with the percentage of differences between adjacent R-R intervals >50 ms (11.6% +/- 8.5% vs 27.3% +/- 14.1%, P =.00001) and high frequency (23.9 +/- 10.3 ms vs 36.1 +/- 12.2 ms, P =.0001) showing the strongest differences. A significant circadian rhythm of HRV variables was present in both groups, but it was considerably flattened in patients with DMD. There was no correlation between left ventricular ejection fraction and HRV indexes except for a weak correlation with high frequency (r = 0.30, P =.02) and with low-frequency to high-frequency ratio (r = -0.29, P <.03). Similarly modest correlations were found between forced vital capacity and high frequency (r = 0.4, P =.007) and low-frequency/high-frequency ratio (r = -0.32, P =.026). Multiple regression analysis did not show any independent predictive variable for the autonomic impairment. CONCLUSIONS Our data show a marked impairment of cardiac autonomic function in patients with DMD, which appears to mainly involve the parasympathetic branch and appears to have a multifactorial origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Lanza
- Istituto di Cardiologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
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31
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Valente S, De Rosa M, Corbo GM, Carlucci A, Fumagalli G, Ciappi G. Slow compartment features and gas exchange impairment in mild asthma: effects of beta agonist inhalation. Respiration 2000; 65:40-8. [PMID: 9523367 DOI: 10.1159/000029226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Static and dynamic lung volumes, arterial blood gases, alveolar ventilation and ventilation-perfusion (VA/Q) relationships were studied in 14 mild asthmatic patients and in 7 normal subjects (as controls) before and after fenoterol inhalation. Multiple nitrogen washout curves were analyzed by a bicompartmental distribution model, in order to assess the distribution of ventilation and VA/Q mismatch. At baseline, asthmatics showed mild airway obstruction and gas exchange impairment [forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) = 79% pred; PaO2 = 87.4; alveolar-arterial oxygen tension gradient (AaPO2) = 22.9 mm Hg]. By analysing nitrogen washout curves, an alveolar slow space representing 45.1% of total lung volume (vs. 36.8% in normals; p = 0.044) was identified; its alveolar ventilation per minute per unit lung volume (VA2/L2) was lower than in normals (p = 0.01). beta-Agonist inhalation by the asthmatics, which reversed airway obstruction (FEV1 = 98% pred.; p < 0.001) and improved gas exchange (PaO2 = 92.6 mm Hg, p < 0.001; AaPO2 = 16.8 mm Hg, p = 0.003), led to a highly significant increase in VA2/L2 (p = 0.001). The improvement in PaO2 was associated with the increase in VA2/L2 (r2 = 0.39; p = 0.017), but not with the increase in FEV1. Lastly, the changes in FEV1 and VA2/L2 were not correlated with each other. We conclude that even in mild stable asthma there is substantial unevenness of ventilation, detectable by bicompartmental analysis of nitrogen washout curves, which is responsible for gas exchange impairment and is not related to common spirometric parameters. In addition, the improvement in gas exchange is probably due to the effect of fenoterol on the tributary airways of the alveolar slow compartment. This effect can be assessed by this simple method, which can be used in clinical pharmacology studies and in the follow-up of asthmatic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Valente
- Servizio di Fisiopatologia Respiratoria, Università Cattolica Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italia
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32
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Lissoni P, Brivio F, Rovelli F, Fumagalli G, Malugani F, Vaghi M, Secondino S, Bucovec R, Gardani GS. Serum concentrations of interleukin-18 in early and advanced cancer patients: enhanced secretion in metastatic disease. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2000; 14:275-7. [PMID: 11215816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
The recent availability of adequate methods for cytokine measurement could contribute to better understanding the immunophysiopathology of neoplastic disease. Unfortunately, very little data is available about cytokine secretion in cancer patients. At present, IL-2, IL-12 and IL-15 represent the major antitumor cytokines in humans. Preliminary clinical studies have shown a progressive decline in IL-2 levels with cancer progression, whereas IL-12 seems to increase in the advanced disease. IL-18 is the latest cytokine discovered by potential anticancer and anti-angiogenetic activity, and it has effects similar to those of IL-12. This preliminary study was carried out to analyze IL-18 secretion in early or advanced cancer patients. The study included 40 cancer patients (lung cancer, 21; gastrointestinal tumors, 19), 17 of whom had metastatic disease, and 50 healthy controls. Serum levels of IL-18 were measured by ELISA. No significant difference in IL-18 mean levels was seen between controls and non-metastatic patients. In contrast, metastatic patients showed significantly higher IL-18 mean values with respect to both healthy controls and non-metastatic patients. This preliminary study seems to suggest that metastatic disease may be characterized by enhanced IL-18 secretion the biological and prognostic significance to be established by successive clinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Lissoni
- Division of Radiation Oncology, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Milano, Italy
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33
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Granone P, Trodella L, Margaritora S, Cesario A, Corbo GM, Mantini G, Balducci M, Fumagalli G. Radiotherapy versus follow-up in the treatment of pathological stage Ia and Ib non-small cell lung cancer. Early stopped analysis of a randomized controlled study. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2000; 18:418-24. [PMID: 11024378 DOI: 10.1016/s1010-7940(00)00539-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This is an analysis of a randomized controlled clinical trial planned to evaluate the effects of adjuvant radiotherapy (AR) on the local recurrence rate in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with pathological stage (pStage) Ia (pT1N0) and Ib (pT2N0). The effects of AR on the long-term survival have also been marginally evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS This clinical trial was planned with the hypothesis that AR on pStage Ia and Ib, R0 NSCLCs was effective on local recurrence rate. From July 1989 through March 1997, 104 patients with NSCLC who presented with pStage Ia and Ib have been observed and treated and entered the study. Male/female ratio was 91:13; the mean age was 62 years (range 41-75 years). All patients underwent major pulmonary resection and homolateral standard hilar and mediastinal lymph node dissection. pStage was T1N0 in 29 and T2N0 in 75 cases. Patients have been randomized 'by chance' into two groups (G1 and G2). G1 received radiotherapy, G2 did not receive any adjuvant treatment. Fifty-two patients entered G1 and 52 entered G2. RESULTS Post-operative mortality was nil. Seven patients have been excluded from the study (four in G1 and three in G2), due to incomplete follow-up data. We do not report any radiotherapy-related complication or deterioration of lung function. The treatment effect on the local recurrence rate demonstrated a clearly significant protective effect of the AR. No statistically significant difference was found from the comparison of the 5-year survival rate of the treated (83%) versus untreated (70%) patients. No detrimental effect of the radiotherapy has been assessed. CONCLUSIONS AR in the treatment of pStage Ia and Ib NSCLC has been well tolerated and had a significant relative effect on the local recurrence rate but did not significantly modify overall survival even if a positive trend in the group of treated patients is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Granone
- General Thoracic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Catholic University of Rome, 00168, Rome, Italy
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34
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Verderio C, Bacci A, Coco S, Pravettoni E, Fumagalli G, Matteoli M. Astrocytes are required for the oscillatory activity in cultured hippocampal neurons. Eur J Neurosci 1999; 11:2793-800. [PMID: 10457176 DOI: 10.1046/j.1460-9568.1999.00697.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Synchronous oscillations of intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) and of membrane potential occurred in a limited population of glutamatergic hippocampal neurons grown in primary cultures. The oscillatory activity occurred in synaptically connected cells only when they were in the presence of astrocytes. Microcultures containing only one or a few neurons also displayed oscillatory activity, provided that glial cells participated in the network. The glutamate-transporter inhibitors L-trans-pyrrolidine-2, 4-dicarboxylic acid (PDC) and dihydrokainate, which produce an accumulation of glutamate in the synaptic microenvironment, impaired the oscillatory activity. Moreover, in neurons not spontaneously oscillating, though in the presence of astrocytes, oscillations were induced by exogenous L-glutamate, but not by the stereoisomer D-glutamate, which is not taken up by glutamate transporters. These data demonstrate that astrocytes are essential for neuronal oscillatory activity and provide evidence that removal of glutamate from the synaptic environment is one of the major mechanisms by which glial cells allow the repetitive excitation of the postsynaptic cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Verderio
- CNR Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology and B. Ceccarelli Centers, Department of Medical Pharmacology, University of Milano, Italy
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35
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Abstract
During neuromuscular junction maturation, the rapidly degrading receptors (Rr; t1/2 approximately equal to 1 day) are replaced by metabolically stable molecules (Rs; t1/2 approximately equal to 10 days). Rr and Rs do not interconvert, are differently regulated after denervation in adult muscle and are endowed of unique responses to stabilizing agents. In cultured rat myotubes all the epsilon subunit-containing acetylcholine receptors (epsilon-AchRs) are of the Rs type. In the present study we show that Rs exist also in absence of epsilon-AChR and that nonepsilon-(presumably gamma-)AChRs can be included in the Rs pool when epsilon-AChR expression is low. The data indicate that Rs metabolic properties are independent of AChR subunit composition and that epsilon subunit is a signal to efficiently sort AChR molecules to the Rs pool.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Sala
- CNR Center of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Medical Pharmacology, University of Milano, Milan, Italy
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36
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Lissoni P, Rovelli F, Fumagalli G, Confalonieri G, Brivio F, Mariani M. [Pharmacokinetics of melatonin]. Recenti Prog Med 1998; 89:381-2. [PMID: 9691732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P Lissoni
- Divisione di Radioterapia Oncologica, Ospedale S. Gerardo, Monza
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37
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Sala C, O'Malley J, Xu R, Fumagalli G, Salpeter MM. Epsilon subunit-containing acetylcholine receptors in myotubes belong to the slowly degrading population. J Neurosci 1997; 17:8937-44. [PMID: 9364041 PMCID: PMC6573614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/1997] [Accepted: 09/12/1997] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Two types of muscle acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) can be distinguished on the basis of their degradation rates and sensitivities to innervation, muscle activity, and agents elevating intracellular cAMP. The first type (Rs), is present in a stable form (degradation t1/2 = approximately 10 d) at the adult innervated neuromuscular junctions (NMJs). Rs can also exist in a less stable form (called accelerated Rs; t1/2 = approximately 3-5 d) at denervated NMJs and in aneurally cultured myotubes; agents that increase intracellular cAMP reversibly modulate Rs stability. The second type of AChR is a rapidly degrading receptor (Rr) expressed only in embryonic and noninnervated muscles. Rr can be stabilized by ATP and not by cAMP. This study tested the hypothesis that the degradation properties unique to the Rs are attributable to the presence of the epsilon subunit. Immunoprecipitation and Western blot analysis of AChRs extracted from rat muscle cells in tissue culture showed that AChRs recognized by antibodies against the epsilon subunit degraded as a single population with a half-life similar to that of the slow component, Rs, in these cells. In addition, as for Rs receptors in denervated NMJs and cultured muscle cell, the degradation rate of these epsilon-containing AChRs was stabilized by dibutyryl-cAMP. The data indicate that the epsilon-containing AChRs behave like Rs. Thus, the presence of the epsilon subunit is sufficient for selecting an AChR molecule to the Rs pool.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Sala
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Center of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Medical Pharmacology, University of Milan, 20129 Milan, Italy
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38
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Sala C, Kimura I, Santoro G, Kimura M, Fumagalli G. Expression of two neuronal nicotinic receptor subunits in innervated and denervated adult rat muscle. Neurosci Lett 1996; 215:71-4. [PMID: 8887998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The presence of transcripts coding for various alpha and beta subunits of neuronal acetylcholine receptors was investigated using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on RNA extracted from innervated and denervated adult rat muscles. The results indicate that mRNAs coding for the neuronal alpha 4 and beta 2 subunits are expressed by adult muscles. Unlike avian embryonic muscle tissue, mRNA coding for alpha 7 and beta 4 subunit was undetectable. Denervation did not significantly modify the expression levels of the alpha 4 and beta 2 subunit-specific mRNAs. The results complement our previous immunohistochemical data and suggest that neuronal acetylcholine receptors are expressed by adult muscle tissue and may play a role in the control of muscle function.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Sala
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, University of Milano, Italy
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39
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Andreose JS, Fumagalli G, Sigworth FJ, Caplan MJ. Real-time detection of the surface delivery of newly synthesized membrane proteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1996; 93:7661-6. [PMID: 8755532 PMCID: PMC38803 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.93.15.7661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Newly synthesized membrane proteins travel from the Golgi complex to the cell surface in transport vesicles. We have exploited the ion channel properties of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (AChR) to observe in real time the constitutive delivery of newly synthesized AChR proteins to the plasma membrane in cultured muscle cells. Whole-cell voltage clamp was employed to monitor the current fluctuations induced by carbamylcholine upon the insertion into the plasma membrane of newly synthesized AChRs, following release from a 20 degrees C temperature block. We find that the transit of vesicles to the cell surface occurs within a few minutes after release of the block. The time course of electrical signals is consistent with many of the fusion events being instantaneous, although some appear to reveal the flickering of a fusion pore. AChR-containing vesicles can fuse individually or as conglomerates. Intracellular application of guanosine 5'-[gamma-thio]triphosphate inhibits the constitutive traffic of AChRs in most cells. Individual exocytotic vesicles carry between 10 and 300 AChR molecules, suggesting that AChRs may be packed extremely densely.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Andreose
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
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40
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Tsuneki H, Kimura I, Dezaki K, Kimura M, Sala C, Fumagalli G. Immunohistochemical localization of neuronal nicotinic receptor subtypes at the pre- and postjunctional sites in mouse diaphragm muscle. Neurosci Lett 1995; 196:13-6. [PMID: 7501241 DOI: 10.1016/0304-3940(95)11824-g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The existence of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunits was investigated in the cryostat sections of mouse diaphragm muscles using the indirect immunofluorescence technique. The specific immunolabelings with monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to beta 2 and to alpha 8 subunits of neuronal nAChR were observed at the endplate determined by labeling with a fluorescent dye (BODIPY)-conjugated alpha-bungarotoxin. The immunoreactivity of mAb to the alpha 3 subunit of neuronal nAChR was detected on the motor nerve fibers including the nerve terminals. These results provide evidence that the subtypes of postsynaptic nAChR, recognized by the anti-beta 2 and/or anti-alpha 8 mAbs, and the presynaptic nAChR recognized by the anti-alpha 3 mAb, are present at the neuromuscular junction, in addition to the classical muscle nAChR.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Tsuneki
- Department of Chemical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Japan
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41
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Verderio C, Coco S, Fumagalli G, Matteoli M. Calcium-dependent glutamate release during neuronal development and synaptogenesis: different involvement of omega-agatoxin IVA- and omega-conotoxin GVIA-sensitive channels. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1995; 92:6449-53. [PMID: 7604011 PMCID: PMC41535 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.92.14.6449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Hippocampal neurons maintained in primary culture recycle synaptic vesicles and express functional glutamate receptors since early stages of neuronal development. By analyzing glutamate-induced cytosolic calcium changes to sense presynaptically released neurotransmitter, we demonstrate that the ability of neurons to release glutamate in the extracellular space is temporally coincident with the property of synaptic vesicles to undergo exocytotic-endocytotic recycling. Neuronal differentiation and maturation of synaptic contacts coincide with a change in the subtype of calcium channels primarily involved in controlling neurosecretion. Whereas omega-agatoxin IVA-sensitive channels play a role in controlling neurotransmitter secretion at all stages of neuronal differentiation, omega-conotoxin GVIA-sensitive channels are primarily involved in mediating glutamate release at early developmental stages only.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Verderio
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Center of Cytopharmacology, University of Milan, Italy
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42
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Lorenzon P, Zacchetti D, Codazzi F, Fumagalli G, Meldolesi J, Grohovaz F. Ca2+ waves in PC12 neurites: a bidirectional, receptor-oriented form of Ca2+ signaling. J Cell Biol 1995; 129:797-804. [PMID: 7730413 PMCID: PMC2120454 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.129.3.797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Spatial and temporal aspects of Ca2+ signaling were investigated in PC12 cells differentiated with nerve growth factor, the well known nerve cell model. Activation of receptors coupled to polyphosphoinositide hydrolysis gave rise in a high proportion of the cells to Ca2+ waves propagating non decrementally and at constant speed (2-4 microns/s at 18 degrees C and approximately 10-fold faster at 37 degrees C) along the neurites. These waves relied entirely on the release of Ca2+ from intracellular stores since they could be generated even when the cells were incubated in Ca(2+)-free medium. In contrast, when the cells were depolarized with high K+ in Ca(2+)-containing medium, increases of cytosolic Ca2+ occurred in the neurites but failed to evolve into waves. Depending on the receptor agonist employed (bradykinin and carbachol versus ATP) the orientation of the waves could be opposite, from the neurite tip to the cell body or vice versa, suggesting different and specific distribution of the responsible surface receptors. Cytosolic Ca2+ imaging results, together with studies of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate generation in intact cells and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-induced Ca2+ release from microsomes, revealed the sustaining process of the waves to be discharge of Ca2+ from the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate- (and not the ryanodine-) sensitive stores distributed along the neurites. The activation of the cognate receptor appears to result from the coordinate action of the second messenger and Ca2+. Because of their properties and orientation, the waves could participate in the control of not only conventional cell activities, but also excitability and differential processing of inputs, and thus of electrochemical computation in nerve cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Lorenzon
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Milano, Italy
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43
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Giordano A, Calcagni ML, Rossi B, D'Ugo D, Corbo GM, Fumagalli G, Valente S, D'Andrea G, Galli G. [The scintigraphic prediction of residual lung function after lobectomy in patients with bronchial carcinoma]. Radiol Med 1995; 89:501-5. [PMID: 7597233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The scintigraphic prediction of residual pulmonary function after pneumonectomy has been validated in a number of studies while scintigraphy is not standardized in case of lobectomy. This study was aimed at investigating the accuracy of the scintigraphic prediction of post-lobectomy lung function using Wernly method. We examined 43 patients with bronchial carcinoma: 20 of them underwent pneumonectomy and 23 underwent lobectomy. The pulmonary function data (vital capacity, CV, and forced expiratory volume in one second, VEMS) predicted by quantitative lung scan were compared with those observed in the postoperative follow-up. A good correlation between predicted and observed data was obtained in both the pneumonectomized group (r = 0.77 and 0.78 for CV and VEMS, respectively; p < 0.005) and the lobectomized group (r = 0.74 and 0.79 for CV and VEMS, respectively: p < 0.005). It can be concluded that the method used for the scintigraphy prediction of post-lobectomy pulmonary function is as accurate as the post-pneumonectomy method and can be used reliably in the clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Giordano
- Istituto di Medicina Nucleare, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma
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44
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Abstract
1. The number of acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) per neuromuscular junction in soleus muscles of adult rats was estimated from counts of 125I-alpha-bungarotoxin binding sites. The muscles were either denervated, denervated and electrically stimulated, paralysed by botulinum toxin (BoTX), or paralysed by tetrodotoxin (TTX). 2. After denervation, the number of junctional AChRs was normal after 18 days and then fell to 54 and 35% of normal after 33 and 57 days, respectively. 3. Direct high frequency muscle stimulation (100 Hz) maintained a normal number of junctional AChRs for at least 2 months when the stimulation started on the day of denervation. When the stimulation was started progressively later, the effect of the stimulation on AChR number disappeared within about a week. The disappearance was gradual and appeared to affect all the muscle fibres equally. 4. Stimulation at 100 Hz, starting on the day of denervation and stopping after 18 days, did not prevent the endplates from losing AChRs during the subsequent 15 days without stimulation. Thus 100 Hz stimulation and innervation are not equivalent in their effects on junctional AChR number. 5. Direct low frequency muscle stimulation from the day of denervation did not maintain a normal number of junctional AChRs, as the number of AChRs fell to 70 and 62% of normal after 33 days of stimulation at 20 and 10 Hz, respectively. 6. Endplates paralysed by BoTX or TTX for 33 days lost about as many junctional AChRs (54 and 55%) as endplates denervated for 33 days (46%). Direct stimulation at 100 Hz during the last 15 days of BoTX treatment reduced but did not prevent this AChR loss (36% loss at 33 days). 7. The results show that when motor nerve terminals in rat soleus muscles are removed by axotomy, they leave a 'trace' which, in conjunction with appropriate muscle stimulation, can maintain a normal number of AChRs in the postsynaptic region. In non-stimulated muscles the trace responsible for this maintenance disappears within about a week. In stimulated muscles it persists for at least 2 months. From indirect evidence it appears that the trace is a factor, or the postsynaptic effect of a factor, released by impulse activity in the nerve, and that its degradation after denervation is accelerated by the acute effects of nerve degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Andreose
- Institute of Neurophysiology, University of Oslo, Norway
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45
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Matteoli M, Verderio C, Krawzeski K, Mundigl O, Coco S, Fumagalli G, De Camilli P. Mechanisms of synaptogenesis in hippocampal neurons in primary culture. J Physiol Paris 1995; 89:51-5. [PMID: 7581299 DOI: 10.1016/0928-4257(96)80551-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
To improve our understanding of the mechanisms which regulate the formation and the functional maturation of synaptic contacts between neurons, we used hippocampal neurons maintained in primary cultures as experimental system. In this model, which offers several advantages for the study of neuronal development and synaptogenesis, we investigated some of the cellular mechanisms underlying the formation of presynaptic and postsynaptic compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Matteoli
- CNR Center of Cytopharmacology, University of Milan, Italy
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46
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Sala C, Andreose JS, Fumagalli G, Lømo T. Calcitonin gene-related peptide: possible role in formation and maintenance of neuromuscular junctions. J Neurosci 1995; 15:520-8. [PMID: 7823160 PMCID: PMC6578274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The expression and content of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and secretogranin II (SgII) in adult rat motor neurons were examined by in situ hybridization, Northern blot analysis, and immunocytochemistry. Normal motor nerve terminals did not contain detectable CGRP or SgII. Ten to 15 days after a peripheral nerve crush about 80% of the motor nerve terminals reinnervating the soleus (SOL) muscle contained detectable CGRP but no SgII. Thereafter, the percentage of CGRP-positive terminals declined towards zero. In the spinal cord, CGRP expression was higher than normal 1 d after a sciatic nerve crush and increased during the next few days. No increase in SgII expression was observed. Nerve blocks by tetrodotoxin (TTX) and botulinum toxin (BoTX) increased CGRP content and expression in motor neurons but had no effect on SgII. After 10 d of BoTX treatment and 33 d of TTX treatment (the longest time points studied), more than 90% of the motor nerve terminals stained for CGRP. The density of large dense core vesicles (LDCVs) was also higher than normal in such terminals. Some increase in CGRP content and expression occurred in the nontreated side. In a group of rats, the peroneal nerve was stimulated electrically with brief, intermittent pulse trains at 100 Hz. The stimulation was applied below a TTX block that had started 7 or 19 d earlier. One minute of such stimulation was sufficient to remove CGRP from most of the terminals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- C Sala
- CNR Center of Cytopharmacology, University of Milano, Italy
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47
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Codazzi F, Zacchetti D, Lorenzon P, Fumagalli G, Meldolesi J, Grohovaz F. [Ca2+]i redistribution patterns after activation of B2, M3 and P2Y2 receptors in NGF-differentiated PC12 cells. Pharmacol Res 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/1043-6618(95)87084-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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48
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Verderio C, Coco S, Fumagalli G, Matteoli M. Spatial changes in calcium signaling during the establishment of neuronal polarity and synaptogenesis. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 1994; 126:1527-36. [PMID: 8089183 PMCID: PMC2290961 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.126.6.1527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium imaging techniques were used to obtain a clear although indirect evidence about the distribution of functional glutamate receptors of NMDA and non-NMDA type in cultured hippocampal neurons during establishment of polarity and synaptogenesis. Glutamate receptors were expressed and were already functional as early as one day after plating. At this stage NMDA and non-NMDA receptors were distributed in all plasmalemmal areas. During the establishment of neuronal polarity, responses to either types of glutamate receptors became restricted to the soma and dendrites. Compartmentalization of glutamate receptors occurred at stages of development when synaptic vesicles were already fully segregated to the axon. Formation of synapses was accompanied by a further redistribution of receptors, which segregated to synapse-enriched portions of dendrites. Receptor compartmentalization and dendritic redistribution as well as accumulation of synaptic vesicles at synaptic sites occurred also in neurons cultured in the presence of either the sodium channel blocker tetrodotoxin or glutamate receptor antagonists. These results indicate that signals generated by neuronal electrical activity or receptor activation are not involved in the establishment of neuronal polarity and synaptogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Verderio
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Milano, Italy
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49
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Andreose JS, Sala C, Fumagalli G. Immunolocalisation of chromogranin B, secretogranin II, calcitonin gene-related peptide and substance P at developing and adult neuromuscular synapses. Neurosci Lett 1994; 174:177-80. [PMID: 7526287 DOI: 10.1016/0304-3940(94)90015-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The localisation of chromogranin B, secretogranin II, calcitonin gene-related peptide and substance P was characterised by the use of indirect immunofluorescence techniques at neuromuscular junctions in frog, mouse and rat muscles. We found that chromogranin B, secretogranin II and calcitonin gene-related peptide are co-expressed in the frog, 1 week old mouse and 1 week old rat endplates. Substance P immunoreactivity could only be detected in frog muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Andreose
- C.N.R. Center of Cytopharmacology, Department of Medical Pharmacology, University of Milano, Italy
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50
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Andreose JS, Fumagalli G, Clementi F. On the effect of ageing on the distribution of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and calcitonin gene-related peptide in the rat brain. Neurosci Lett 1994; 171:167-71. [PMID: 8084482 DOI: 10.1016/0304-3940(94)90631-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The distribution of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) was investigated by the use of immunohistochemical techniques in the brain of young and aged rats. CGRP-like immunoreactivity (CGRP-LI) showed a significant decrease only in the amygdala, whereas a substantial age-dependent decrease in VIP-like immunoreactivity (VIP-LI) was observed in the cortex, amygdala, substantia nigra, hippocampus and suprachiasmatic nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Andreose
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Milano, Italy
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