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Yin J, Tong J, Li J, Shao G, Xie B, Zhuang J, Bi G, Mu Y. A portable, high-throughput real-time quantitative PCR device for point-of-care testing. Anal Biochem 2023:115200. [PMID: 37302776 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2023.115200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nucleic acids detection has become essential in the identification of many infectious diseases and tumors. Conventional qPCR instruments are not suitable for point-of-care Moreover, current miniaturized nucleic acid detection equipment has limited throughput and multiplex detection capabilities, typically allowing the detection of a limited number of samples. Here, we present an affordable, portable, and high-throughput nucleic acid detection device for point-of-care detection. This portable device is approximately 220×165×140 mm in size and about 3 kg in weight. It can provide stable and accurate temperature control and analyze two fluorescent signals (FAM and VIC) and run 16 samples simultaneously. As a proof of concept, we used the two purified DNA samples from Bordetella pertussis and Canine parvovirus and the results showed good linearity and coefficient of variation. Moreover, this portable device can detect as low as 10 copies and has good specificity. Therefore, our device can provide advantages in real-time diagnosis of high-throughput nucleic acid detection in the field, especially for resource-limited conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juxin Yin
- School of Information and Electrical Engineering, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310015, China
| | - Jizhi Tong
- School of Information and Electrical Engineering, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310015, China
| | - Jiale Li
- Research Centre for Analytical Instrumentation, Institute of Cyber-Systems and Control, State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310027, China
| | - Guangye Shao
- Hang Zhou Techway Gene CO.LTD, Zhejiang Province, 310015, China
| | - Bo Xie
- Hang Zhou Techway Gene CO.LTD, Zhejiang Province, 310015, China
| | - Jianjian Zhuang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Cancer Center, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China.
| | - Gang Bi
- School of Information and Electrical Engineering, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310015, China.
| | - Ying Mu
- Research Centre for Analytical Instrumentation, Institute of Cyber-Systems and Control, State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310027, China.
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Liuru T, Pang D, Zhang J, Shao G, Li J, Liu Z, Sun Z. EP02.03-015 Fully Robotic Arm Robot Assisted Lung Surgery Exploration. J Thorac Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2022.07.371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Shao G. Dexmedetomidine inhibits cerebral nerve cell apoptosis after cerebral hemorrhage in rats via the Nrf2/HO-1/NQO1 signaling pathway. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2022; 26:4574-4582. [PMID: 35856346 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202207_29178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of dexmedetomidine on the apoptosis of cerebral nerve cells after cerebral hemorrhage (CH) in rats and its molecular mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS The rat model of CH was established by autologous blood injection. A total of 60 specific pathogen-free (SPF)-grade rats were randomly divided into sham-operation group, model group and dexmedetomidine group, and each group involved 20 rats. Rat brain water content was compared among the three groups. Besides, rat neurological function of the three groups was evaluated at 3, 5 and 7 d after operation by neurological function scoring. Western blotting assay was adopted to detect protein levels of apoptosis-related genes [B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) and Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax)] in rat brain tissues in the three groups. Moreover, the apoptosis level in the brain tissues in the groups was measured through terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay. Biochemical tests were conducted to determine activities of reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the brain tissues among the three groups. Furthermore, the activation of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1)/NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) signaling pathway in the brain tissues of the three groups of rats was examined via Western blotting assay. An in vitro oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) model was prepared using SH-SY5Y cells. In addition, Nrf2 was intervened in SH-SY5Y cells by small hairpin ribonucleic acid (shRNA) transfection. Finally, flow cytometry and Annexin V/PI assay were performed to detect the response of cells to dexmedetomidine in OGD + dexmedetomidine + sh-Nrf2 group. RESULTS The brain water content and the neurological function score at 3, 5 and 7 d after operation were remarkably reduced in dexmedetomidine group compared with those in model group. The results of Western blotting and TUNEL assays indicated that dexmedetomidine group had a notably lowered apoptosis level in the brain tissues. Additionally, the biochemical test results manifested that activities of GSH and SOD were enhanced and that of MDA decreased in the brain tissues of dexmedetomidine group. Protein levels of Nrf2, HO-1 and NQO1 in the brain tissues were distinctly higher in dexmedetomidine group than those in model group. According to the results of flow cytometry, the apoptosis rate in OGD + dexmedetomidine + sh-Nrf2 group rose prominently compared with that in OGD + dexmedetomidine group. CONCLUSIONS Dexmedetomidine inhibits the nerve cell apoptosis in rat brain tissues by activating the Nrf2/HO-1/NQO1 signaling pathway in rat CH models.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Shao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The People's Hospital of Danyang, Affiliated Danyang Hospital of Nantong University, Danyang, China.
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Ren Z, Li Z, Zhang T, Fang W, Hu S, Pan H, Yen C, Hou J, Chen Y, Shao G, Hsu C, Bai Y, Meng Z, Hou M, Xie C, Liu Y, Wu J, Li B, Chica-Duque S, Cheng A. P-25 Tislelizumab monotherapy for patients with previously treated advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC): RATIONALE-208 Chinese subpopulation. Ann Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.04.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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Safder I, Shao G, Sheng Z, Hu P, Tang S. Genome-wide identification studies - A primer to explore new genes in plant species. Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2022; 24:9-22. [PMID: 34558163 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Genome data have accumulated rapidly in recent years, doubling roughly after every 6 months due to the influx of next-generation sequencing technologies. A plethora of plant genomes are available in comprehensive public databases. This easy access to data provides an opportunity to explore genome datasets and recruit new genes in various plant species not possible a decade ago. In the past few years, many gene families have been published using these public datasets. These genome-wide studies identify and characterize gene members, gene structures, evolutionary relationships, expression patterns, protein interactions and gene ontologies, and predict putative gene functions using various computational tools. Such studies provide meaningful information and an initial framework for further functional elucidation. This review provides a concise layout of approaches used in these gene family studies and demonstrates an outline for employing various plant genome datasets in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Safder
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - G Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Z Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - P Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - S Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
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Zhang J, Shao G, Liu Z, Liuru T, Liang Y, Kong F, Pang D. P02.01 CT Integrated Bronchoscopy Manual Spraying Pigment Labeling to Localize of Small Pulmonary Nodules. J Thorac Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.08.264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Ma K, Xu Y, Song J, Wang X, Sun C, Guo Y, Qiu S, Cai Y, Shao G, Yang Z, Liu Y, Zhang P. P02.25 Coexistence of Invasive Adenocarcinoma, Minimally Invasive Adenocarcinoma and Atypical Adenomatous Hyperplasia: A Case Report. J Thorac Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.01.373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Zhang J, Shao G, Luo Q, Zhang F, Chen W, Wang W, Li S, Pang D, Kong F. P11.02 Patient Reported Outcome Measures (PROM) after Thoracic Surgery: A Pilot Study. J Thorac Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.01.495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Zhou C, He J, Su C, Liang W, Xu S, Wu L, Fu X, Zhang X, Ge D, Chen C, Mao W, Xu L, Shao G, Li W, Hu B, Chen C, Fu J, Wang Z, Jianying Z, Huang Y, Ma H, Liu Y, Ye F, Hu J, Zhao J, Liu X, Liu Z, Wang Z, Xu R, Xiao Z, Gong T, Lin W, Li X, Ding L, Mao L. FP14.11 Icotinib versus Chemotherapy as Adjuvant Treatment for Stage II–IIIA EGFR-Mutant NSCLC (EVIDENCE): A Randomized, Open-Label, Phase 3 Study. J Thorac Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.01.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Pang D, Chen W, Zhang J, Yang L, Shao G, Liuru T, Xu L, Xu W, Zhao C, Luo M, Ma L, Zhang F, Liang Z, Li S, Kong F. P07.08 IDO Immune Suppression and Post Surgical Toxicity in Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. J Thorac Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.01.419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Wu WD, Wang LH, Wei NX, Kong DH, Shao G, Zhang SR, Du YS. MicroRNA-15a inhibits inflammatory response and apoptosis after spinal cord injury via targeting STAT3. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2020; 23:9189-9198. [PMID: 31773669 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_201911_19409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To clarify the function of microRNA-15a in the spinal cord injury (SCI) and its potential mechanism. PATIENTS AND METHODS The plasma levels of microRNA-15a and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) in SCI patients were determined by quantitative Real Time-Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR). The correlation between the expressions of microRNA-15a and STAT3 was analyzed. The in vitro SCI model was established in H2O2-induced C8-D1A and C8B4 cells, and in vivo SCI model was established in mice by hitting T10. The mRNA and protein expressions of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) were detected in the SCI model. The apoptosis was examined by flow cytometry or TUNEL staining, respectively. The motor function of mouse hindlimb was evaluated using the Basso Beattie Bresnahan (BBB) standard scale. The target gene of microRNA-15a was predicted by bioinformatics and further verified by dual-luciferase reporter gene assay. The expression changes of target genes in C8-D1A and C8B4 cells with microRNA-15a overexpression or knockdown were examined by qRT-PCR and Western blot. Finally, rescue experiments were performed to evaluate the regulatory effects of microRNA-15a and STAT3 on cell apoptosis. RESULTS MicroRNA-15a was lowly expressed in plasma of SCI patients, while STAT3 was highly expressed with a negative correlation to microRNA-15a. Identically, microRNA-15a was lowly expressed in H2O2-induced C8-D1A and C8B4 cells, and STAT3 was highly expressed. MicroRNA-15a overexpression downregulated mRNA and protein levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in C8-D1A and C8B4 cells. BBB score was markedly low in SCI mice relative to controls. SCI mice injected with microRNA-15a mimics had higher BBB score than those injected with negative control. Besides, SCI mice with microRNA-15a overexpression had downregulated expressions of STAT3, TNF-α, and IL-6 in the impaired spinal cord tissues, as well as lower apoptotic rate. Through bioinformatics, we found binding sites between STAT3 and microRNA-15a. Their binding conditions were further verified by dual-luciferase reporter gene assay. Moreover, STAT3 expression was negatively regulated by microRNA-15a. Finally, rescue experiments showed that STAT3 overexpression could reverse the regulatory effects of microRNA-15a on expressions of TNF-α and IL-6, as well as apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS MicroRNA-15a expression decreases in the SCI model, which participates in the process of SCI by regulating inflammatory response and cell apoptosis via targeting STAT3.
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Affiliation(s)
- W-D Wu
- Anesthesiology Department, Danyang People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province & Danyang Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Danyang, Jiangsu, China.
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Lim H, Kim Y, Huang YH, Shao G, Kim D, Cho S, Hsu CH, Lin SM, Jeng LB, Kuo KK, Mao Y, Zhu K, Hong Y, Lee H, Ryoo BY, Niu Z, Wu L, Fiala-Buskies S, Kapur S, Qin S. 173P Regorafenib in patients (pts) with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (uHCC) in real-world practice in Asia: Interim results from the observational REFINE study. Ann Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.10.194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Jia F, Ren Z, Xu J, Shao G, Dai G, Liu B, Xu A, Yang Y, Wang Y, Zhou H, Chen M. 991P Sintilimab plus IBI305 as first-line treatment for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Ann Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.08.1107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Xu J, Shen J, Gu S, Zhang Y, Wu L, Wu J, Shao G, Zhang Y, Xu L, Yin T, Liu J, Ren Z, Xiong J, Mao X, Zhang L, Yang J, Li L, Chen X, Wang Z, Wang Q. 983P Camrelizumab (C) in combination with apatinib (A) in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (RESCUE): An open-label, multi-center, phase II trial. Ann Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.08.1099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Lim H, Kim Y, Huang YH, Shao G, Kim D, Cho S, Hsu CH, Lin SM, Jeng LB, Kuo KK, Mao Y, Zhu K, Hong Y, Lee H, Ryoo BY, Niu Z, Wu L, Fiala-Buskies S, Kapur S, Qin S. 1009P Regorafenib in patients (pts) with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (uHCC) in real-world practice in Asia: Interim results from the observational REFINE study. Ann Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.08.1125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Peng Z, Zhou G, Yu W, Shao G. Abstract No. 511 The comprehensive analysis of efficacy and safety of CalliSpheres ® drug-eluting beads transarterial chemoembolization in 367 patients with liver cancer: a multiple-center, prospective cohort study (CTILC study). J Vasc Interv Radiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2018.01.556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Shao G, Zhao Y, Song J, Li S. Incidental finding of 131 I uptake in mesenteric cystic lymphangioma on post-therapy 131 I SPECT/CT imaging. Rev Esp Med Nucl Imagen Mol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.remnie.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Deng X, Shao G, Zhang HT, Li C, Zhang D, Cheng L, Elzey BD, Pili R, Ratliff TL, Huang J, Hu CD. Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 functions as an epigenetic activator of the androgen receptor to promote prostate cancer cell growth. Oncogene 2017; 36:1223-1231. [PMID: 27546619 PMCID: PMC5322258 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2016] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) is an emerging epigenetic enzyme that mainly represses transcription of target genes via symmetric dimethylation of arginine residues on histones H4R3, H3R8 and H2AR3. Accumulating evidence suggests that PRMT5 may function as an oncogene to drive cancer cell growth by epigenetic inactivation of several tumor suppressors. Here, we provide evidence that PRMT5 promotes prostate cancer cell growth by epigenetically activating transcription of the androgen receptor (AR) in prostate cancer cells. Knockdown of PRMT5 or inhibition of PRMT5 by a specific inhibitor reduces the expression of AR and suppresses the growth of multiple AR-positive, but not AR-negative, prostate cancer cells. Significantly, knockdown of PRMT5 in AR-positive LNCaP cells completely suppresses the growth of xenograft tumors in mice. Molecular analysis reveals that PRMT5 binds to the proximal promoter region of the AR gene and contributes mainly to the enriched symmetric dimethylation of H4R3 in the same region. Mechanistically, PRMT5 is recruited to the AR promoter by its interaction with Sp1, the major transcription factor responsible for AR transcription, and forms a complex with Brg1, an ATP-dependent chromatin remodeler, on the proximal promoter region of the AR gene. Furthermore, PRMT5 expression in prostate cancer tissues is significantly higher than that in benign prostatic hyperplasia tissues, and PRMT5 expression correlates positively with AR expression at both the protein and mRNA levels. Taken together, our results identify PRMT5 as a novel epigenetic activator of AR in prostate cancer. Given that inhibiting AR transcriptional activity or androgen synthesis remains the major mechanism of action for most existing anti-androgen agents, our findings also raise an interesting possibility that targeting PRMT5 may represent a novel approach for prostate cancer treatment by eliminating AR expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Deng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - G Shao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - H-T Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Department of Orthopedics, Institute of Orthopedic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - C Li
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - D Zhang
- Department of Statistics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - L Cheng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - B D Elzey
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - R Pili
- Department of Medical Oncology, Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - T L Ratliff
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - J Huang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - C-D Hu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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Shao G, Zhao Y, Song J, Li S. Incidental finding of 131I uptake in mesenteric cystic lymphangioma on post-therapy 131I SPECT/CT imaging. Rev Esp Med Nucl Imagen Mol 2017; 36:267-268. [PMID: 28215398 DOI: 10.1016/j.remn.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G Shao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China; Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Y Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - J Song
- Department of Intervention, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - S Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China.
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Shao G, Ren W, Feng Z, Peng Z. The role of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery in management of the multiple ground-glass nodules. Indian J Cancer 2016; 52 Suppl 2:e75-9. [PMID: 26728679 DOI: 10.4103/0019-509x.172518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated the outcomes of patients with multiple ground-glass nodules (GGNs) to identify the role of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) in diagnosis and treatment. PATIENTS AND METHODS We included patients with multiple GGNs who were qualified for thoracoscopic surgery resection and analyzed the statistics. RESULTS Fifty-one GGNs were detected in 21 patients. There were 40 pure GGNs and 11 part-solid ones. Around 46 of the 51 lesions were resected via VATS. Four pure GGNs <10 mm and deep in the lung were proceeded with continuous follow-up. One pure GGN measuring 16 mm considered as subnodule and also deep in the lung underwent stereotactic ablative radiotherapy. Resection methods included lobectomy (1), segmentectomy (1), lobectomy + segmentectomy (6), lobectomy + wedge resection (10), and segmentectomy + wedge resection (3). Of the 46 resected lesions, 4 (8.7%) were atypical adenomatous hyperplasia (AAH), 23 (50%) were adenocarcinoma in situ(AIS), 15 (32.7%) were minimally invasive adenocarcinoma (MIA), 2 (4.3%) were invasive adenocarcinoma, one was pulmonary sclerosing hemangioma, and one was nonspecific fibrosis. Intersegmental lymph node metastasis was found in one of the 21 patients. No postoperational complication occurred in any of the patients. CONCLUSION Multiple GGNs were generally independent primary lung cancers, mainly including AAH, AIS, MIA, rather than intrapulmonary metastasis. VATS was superior to thoracotomy for less invasive and shorter hospital stay.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Z Peng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250021, Shandong Province, China
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Huang LH, Pan XP, Gong KR, Shao G. Anti-inflammatory effects of three kinds of traditional Mongolian medicine monomer and its combination on LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2016; 20:950-958. [PMID: 27010156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Traditional Mongolian Medicine (TMM) exhibits useful biological activities including antifungal, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory actions. The mechanisms of TMM in anti-inflammation were still unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the three main monomers (geniposide, gallate, berberine hydrochloride and a mixture of them) of a traditional Mongolian medicine on cell survival and the proinflammatory cytokines signaling pathways which are activated by bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS). MATERIALS AND METHODS Mouse macrophage-like cell line RAW264.7 was used as a model of inflammation to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of three TMM momomers and their combination. RT-PCR and Western blot was used to quantify the change of mRNA and protein levels of cytokines, Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4) and Nuclear Factor-κB (NF-κB) and its inhibitor IκB. The non-radioactive electrophoresis mobility shift assay (EMSA) was used to evaluate the binding activity of NF-κB. RESULTS The monomers and their combination exhibited a potent anti-inflammatory effect for suppressing the LPS-evoked secretion of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6 and TNFα. Furthermore, the monomers and their combination attenuated activation of NF-κB and expression of TLR4 at both mRNA and protein levels, the upstream player of the LPS-TLR4-cytokines/ NF-κB signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS The Mongolia herbal compound exerts a potent anti-inflammatory effect and could potentially be developed as a useful agent for the chemo-prevention of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- L-H Huang
- BaoTou Medical College, Inner Mongolia, P.R. China.
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Abstract
Mn-doped TiO2 powders with a wide range of nominal doping levels were fabricated using a one-step hydrothermal method followed by 400 °C annealing. Anatase powders with a uniform size distribution below 10 nm were obtained. The maximum solubility of Mn in the TiO2 lattice was around 30%, beyond which the Mn3O4 compound appeared as a secondary phase. The optical absorption edges for Mn-doped anatase TiO2 were red-shifted effectively through increasing Mn content. Alloying chemistry and associated elemental valences were elaborated through combining X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), and theoretical simulation in the framework of density functional theory (DFT). The results showed that the Mn species exhibited mixed valence states of 3+ and 4+ in anatase TiO2, with the latter being the key to remarkable photocatalytic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meilan Guo
- Institute for Renewable Energy and Environmental Technologies, University of Bolton, Bolton, BL3 5AB, UK. and Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China.
| | - Yun Gao
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China.
| | - G Shao
- Institute for Renewable Energy and Environmental Technologies, University of Bolton, Bolton, BL3 5AB, UK. and UK-China Centre for Multifunctional Nanomaterials, Zhengzhou University, Henan 450001, China
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Pauli BP, Zollner PA, Haulton GS, Shao G, Shao G. The simulated effects of timber harvest on suitable habitat for Indiana and northern long‐eared bats. Ecosphere 2015. [DOI: 10.1890/es14-00336.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- B. P. Pauli
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907 USA
| | - P. A. Zollner
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907 USA
| | - G. S. Haulton
- Division of Forestry, Indiana Department of Natural Resources, Indianapolis, Indiana 46204 USA
| | - G. Shao
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907 USA
| | - G. Shao
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907 USA
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Zhu B, Yan K, Li L, Lin M, Zhang S, He Q, Zheng D, Yang H, Shao G. K63-linked ubiquitination of FANCG is required for its association with the Rap80-BRCA1 complex to modulate homologous recombination repair of DNA interstand crosslinks. Oncogene 2014; 34:2867-78. [PMID: 25132264 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Revised: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
DNA interstrand crosslinks (ICLs) are extremely deleterious lesions that are repaired by homologous recombination (HR) through coordination of Fanconi anemia (FA) proteins and breast cancer susceptibility gene 1 (BRCA1) product, but the exact role these proteins have remains unclear. Here we report that FANCG was modified by the addition of lysine63-linked polyubiquitin chains (K63Ub) in response to DNA damage. We show that FANCG K63Ub was dispensable for monoubiquitination of FANCD2, but was required for FANCG to interact with the Rap80-BRCA1 (receptor-associated protein 80-BRCA1) complex for subsequent modulation of HR repair of ICLs induced by mitomycin C. Mutation of three lysine residues within FANCG to arginine (K182, K258 and K347, 3KR) reduced FANCG K63Ub modification, as well as its interaction with the Rap80-BRCA1 complex, and therefore impeded HR repair. In addition, we demonstrated that K63Ub-modified FANCG was deubiquitinated by BRCC36 complex in vitro and in vivo. Inhibition of BRCC36 resulted in increased K63Ub modification of FANCG. Taken together, our results identify a new role of FANCG in HR repair of ICL through K63Ub-mediated interaction with the Rap80-BRCA1 complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Zhu
- 1] Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China [2] Institute of Systems Biology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - K Yan
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - L Li
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - M Lin
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - S Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Q He
- Center of Medical and Health Analysis, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - D Zheng
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - H Yang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - G Shao
- 1] Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China [2] Institute of Systems Biology, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Zheng J, Shao G, Luo J. Analysis of survival factors in patients with intermediate-advanced hepatocellular carcinoma treated with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization combined with sorafenib. Clin Transl Oncol 2014; 16:1012-7. [PMID: 24894839 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-014-1189-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To retrospectively analyze the efficacy and safety of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) in combination with sorafenib for the treatment of patients with intermediate-advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and assess the prognostic impact of baseline characteristics. METHODS Patients with intermediate-advanced HCC received TACE combined with sorafenib in this Phase 2 clinical trial. The primary outcome was median time to disease progression (mTTP). Secondary outcomes were median overall survival (mOS), the disease benefit rate and the sorafenib-related adverse events (AEs). Baseline characteristics' impacts on prognosis were analyzed by univariate COX proportional hazards regression model. RESULTS From June 2008 to June 2013, 75 patients were enrolled. At the end of the study, 54 patients were dead or lost to follow-up and 21 patients survived. This combination therapy resulted in a mTTP of 7.09 months (95 % CI, 1.5-45 months) and a mOS of 11.44 months (95 % CI, 1.5-45 months). The disease benefit rate was 88 %. Child-Pugh score (P = 0.000), Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (P = 0.001), Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage (P = 0.000), sorafenib treatment regimen (P = 0.001), presence of extrahepatic metastasis (P = 0.002), and type of tumor (P = 0.027) were significantly correlated with OS. Multivariate analysis revealed Child-Pugh score (P = 0.001) and BCLC stage (P = 0.002) as significant independent prognostic predictors for OS. AEs were HFSR (18.7 %), gastrointestinal reactions (13.3 %), liver dysfunction (6.7 %), myelosuppression (5.3 %), fatigue (4 %), and hypertension (1.3 %). CONCLUSIONS TACE in combination with sorafenib might have acceptable safety and efficiency in the treatment of intermediate-advanced HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Zheng
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, No. 38 Guangji Road, Banshanqiao, Hangzhou, 310022, China,
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26
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Singh D, Narasimulu AA, Garcia-Gancedo L, Fu YQ, Soin N, Shao G, Luo JK. Novel ZnO nanorod films by chemical solution deposition for planar device applications. Nanotechnology 2013; 24:275601. [PMID: 23743485 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/24/27/275601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Smooth and continuous ZnO films consisting of densely packed ZnO nanorods (NRs), which can be used for electronic device fabrication, were synthesized using a hydro-thermo-chemical solution deposition method. Such devices would have the novelty of high performance, benefiting from the inherited unique properties of the nanomaterials, and can be fabricated on these smooth films using a conventional, low cost planar process. Photoluminescence measurements showed that the NR films have much stronger shallow donor to valence band emissions than those from discrete ZnO NRs, and hence have the potential for the development of ZnO light emission diodes and lasers, etc. The NR films have been used to fabricate large area surface acoustic wave devices by conventional photolithography. These demonstrated two well-defined resonant peaks and their potential for large area device applications. The chemical solution deposition method is simple, reproducible, scalable and economic. These NR films are suitable for large scale production on cost-effective substrates and are promising for various fields such as sensing systems, renewable energy and optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Singh
- Institute of Renewable Energy and Environmental Technologies (IREET), University of Bolton, Bolton, UK
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27
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Hager JH, Darimont B, Joseph J, Govek S, Grillot K, Aparicio A, Bischoff E, Kahraman M, Kaufman J, Lai A, Lee KJ, Lu N, Nagasawa J, Prudente R, Qian J, Sensintaffar J, Shao G, Heyman R, Rix P, Smith ND. Abstract P6-04-12: Novel selective estrogen receptors degraders regress tumors in pre-clinical models of endocrine-resistant breast cancer. Cancer Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs12-p6-04-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
80% of all breast cancers express the estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and thus are treated with anti-hormonal therapies that directly block ER function (e.g. Tamoxifen) or hormone synthesis (Aromatase Inhibitors). While these therapies are initially effective, acquired resistance invariably emerges. Importantly, the majority of these tumors continue to depend on ERα for growth and survival. The emerging evidence that ERα can signal in both a ligand-dependent and ligand-independent manner supports the development of agents that are not only competitive ERα antagonists but also reduce steady state levels of the receptor and thus limit both modes of signaling.
We have identified novel, non-steroidal ERα antagonists that induce degradation of ERα in breast cancer cell lines at picomolar concentrations resulting in significant reduction in steady state ERα protein levels. Using peptide-based conformational profiling, we show that these Selective Estrogen Receptor Degraders (SERDs) induce estrogen receptor conformations that are distinct from both fulvestrant and tamoxifen indicating a unique mechanism of action. This unique biological profile coupled with good oral pharmacokinetics produces tumor regressions in both tamoxifen-sensitive and -resistant models of breast cancer in vivo. Recent pre-clinical and clinical data indicate that PI3K pathway signaling can contribute to the endocrine resistant state. In a preclinical model of tamoxifen resistant breast cancer in which SERD monotherapy only produces tumor growth inhibition, SERD therapy in combination with torc1/2 inhibition results in frank tumor regressions. These orally bioavailable SERDs hold promise as a next generation therapy for the treatment of ER+ breast cancer as monotherapy, as well as in combination with agents that target other pathways involved in both intrinsic and acquired endocrine resistance.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P6-04-12.
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Affiliation(s)
- JH Hager
- Aragon Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, CA
| | | | - J Joseph
- Aragon Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, CA
| | - S Govek
- Aragon Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, CA
| | - K Grillot
- Aragon Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, CA
| | | | | | | | - J Kaufman
- Aragon Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, CA
| | - A Lai
- Aragon Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, CA
| | - K-J Lee
- Aragon Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, CA
| | - N Lu
- Aragon Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, CA
| | | | | | - J Qian
- Aragon Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, CA
| | | | - G Shao
- Aragon Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, CA
| | - R Heyman
- Aragon Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, CA
| | - P Rix
- Aragon Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, CA
| | - ND Smith
- Aragon Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, CA
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Zhang P, Tian L, Zhang ZP, Shao G, Li JC. Investigation of the hydrogen bonding in ice Ih by first-principles density function methods. J Chem Phys 2012; 137:044504. [PMID: 22852628 DOI: 10.1063/1.4736853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
It is a well recognized difficult task to simulate the vibrational dynamics of ices using the density functional theory (DFT), and there has thus been rather limited success in modelling the inelastic neutron scattering (INS) spectra for even the simplest structure of ice, ice Ih, particularly in the translational region below 400 cm(-1). The reason is partly due to the complex nature of hydrogen bonding (H-bond) among water-water molecules which require considerable improvement of the quantum mechanical simulation methods, and partly owing to the randomness of protons in ice structures which often requires simulation of large super-lattices. In this report, we present the first series of successful simulation results for ice Ih using DFT methods. On the basis of the recent advancement in the DFT programs, we have achieved for the first time theoretical outcomes that not only reproduce the rotational frequencies between 500 to 1200 cm(-1) for ice Ih, but also the two optic peaks at ∼240 and 320 cm(-1) in the translational region of the INS spectra [J. C. Li, J. Chem. Phys 105, 6733 (1996)]. Besides, we have also investigated the impact of pairwise configurations of H(2)O molecules on the H-bond and found that different proton arrangements of pairwise H(2)O in the ice Ih crystal lattice could not alter the nature of H-bond as significantly as suggested in an early paper [J. C. Li and D. K. Ross, Nature (London) 365, 327 (1993)], i.e., reproducing the two experimental optic peaks do not need to invoke the two H-bonds as proposed in the previous model which led to considerable debates. The results of this work suggest that the observed optic peaks may be attributed to the coupling between the two bands of H-O stretching modes in H(2)O. The current computational work is expected to shed new light on the nature of the H-bonds in water, and in addition to offer a new approach towards probing the interaction between water and biomaterials for which H-bond is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Zhang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
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Lu H, Li W, Shao G, Wang H. Expression of SP-C and Ki67 in lungs of preterm infants dying from respiratory distress syndrome. Eur J Histochem 2012; 56:e35. [PMID: 23027351 PMCID: PMC3493981 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2012.e35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2012] [Revised: 04/19/2012] [Accepted: 04/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed at exploring the expression of Surfactant protein-C (SP-C) and Ki67 in autopsy lung tissues of premature infants dying from respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) who were exposed to mechanical ventilation and elevated oxygen concentrations. The possible influence of pulmonary surfactant (PS) on the expression of SP-C and Ki67 was also investigated. Thirty preterm infants were selected who were histologically and clinically diagnosed as RDS. Preterm infants with RDS were divided into 4 groups, according to the time of death: infants ventilated for 1–3 days, 4–8 days, 9–16 days and >6 days. Five premature infants died within 1 day after delivery for non- pulmonary reasons served as controls. The expression of SP-C and Ki67 in lungs was detected by immunohistochemistry. Compared with the control group, the expression of SP-C and Ki67 in RDS infants decreased significantly after 1–3 days of ventilation, but increased after 4 days and reached peak value after 9–16 days. No significant difference in the expression of SP-C and Ki67 was found between infants treated with PS and those without. Thus our results suggest SP-C and Ki67 may have participated in the pulmonary pathological process in ventilated/oxygen treated preterm infants with RDS, and exogenous surfactant had no effect on the expression of SP-C and Ki67 in the lungs of ventilated/oxygen treated preterm infants with RDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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30
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Zhang P, Yang Z, Zhao Y, Liu Y, Zhang L, Shao G. Inhalation of Alcohol Vapor Driven by Oxygen is a Useful Therapeutic Method for Postoperative Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome in a Patient with Esophageal Cancer: a Case Report. Alcohol Alcohol 2011; 46:424-6. [DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agr037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Abstract
AbstractThe microstructures in arc melted ingots and melt spun ribbons have been investigated by electron microscopy and thermodynamic modelling has been used to study the phase transformations. In the ingot, solidification starts with the bcc β phase and at room temperature the structure consists of B2, ωordered, γ and α2 phases. The calculated equilibrium phase transformation sequence during cooling is L → L+ β→β→β + α→β2+α → α+β2+γ → α2+γ + B2. The phase transformation sequence is dramatically changed by rapid quenching from the melt. Athermal ordered w phase is formed in metastable B2 and the α→α2 ordering process is completely suppressed in the melt spun ribbons. The volume fraction of the α precipitates is also dependent on cooling rates.
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Shao G, Tsakiropoulos P. Calculation of Phase Competition and Selection in Solidification Using a Combined Nucleation and Calphad Approach. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1557/proc-398-45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACTThermodynamic data derived by the CALPHAD method has been extended to undercooled melts to study phase competition and the role of time dependent and steady state nucleation in rapidly solidified materials. The theoretical predictions made about phase competition between hcp α, bcc β and Ll0 γ in some Al(Ti,V) alloys are compared with experimental results. It is shown that high melt cooling rates introduce significant transient nucleation effects on phase nucleation.
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Li S, Luo X, Liu B, Crenshaw TD, Kuang X, Shao G, Yu S. Use of chemical characteristics to predict the relative bioavailability of supplemental organic manganese sources for broilers1. J Anim Sci 2004; 82:2352-63. [PMID: 15318735 DOI: 10.2527/2004.8282352x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Twelve organic Mn sources and MnSO4 were evaluated by polarographic analysis and via solubility in buffers (pH 5 and 2) and deionized water. Fractions from solubility tests were evaluated by gel filtration chromatography for structural integrity. Organic Mn sources included five Mn methionine complexes (Mn Met A to Mn Met E), two Mn proteinates (Mn Pro A and Mn Pro B), and five Mn amino acids (Mn AA A to Mn AA E). Sources varied considerably in chemical characteristics. Chelation strength (Qf) ranged from weak (1.9 Qf-values) to strong complexes (115.4 Qf-values). No complexed Mn was found in filtrates at pH 2.0 or 5.0. A 42-d bioassay was used to estimate relative bioavailability of Mn sources for chicks fed diets supplemented with 60, 120, or 180 mg Mn/kg. Bone Mn, heart Mn, heart manganese-superoxide dismutase activity (MnSOD), and heart MnSOD mRNA increased (P < 0.001) as dietary Mn increased. Only heart MnSOD mRNA tended (P < 0.10) to differ among dietary Mn sources. For bioassays of Mn, the MnSOD mRNA level in heart was more sensitive than the MnSOD activity in heart or other indices. Relative to MnSO4 (assigned 100%), slope ratios of MnSOD mRNA levels in heart gave bioavailabilities of 99, 132, and 113% for Mn Met E, Mn AA B, and Mn AA C sources with weak, moderate, and strong chelation strength, respectively. The bioavailability of Mn was more closely related to chelation strength as measured by polarography than to chemical traits assessed by solubility or structural integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Li
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Liu R, Wang J, Yan Z, Liu Q, Qian S, Shao G. [Imaging evaluation and interventional therapy of hepatic metastases from small intestinal leiomyosarcoma]. ZHONGHUA GAN ZANG BING ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA GANZANGBING ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY 2001; 9:326-8. [PMID: 11782295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the imaging appearances and the short-term curative effect of hepatic metastases from small intestine leiomyosarcoma treated by interventional methods. METHODS Seven cases with 46 lesions of hepatic metastases from small intestinal leiomyosarcoma were analyzed retrospectively. The diameters of the metastases were from 2 cm to 18 cm. CT triphasic scan and hepatoarterial angiography were performed in all cases. The interventional therapy methods included transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) (all 7 cases), percutaneous left subclavian artery port-catheter system implantation (PCS) (1 case). Three cases were also treated with percutaneous tumor necrosis drainage (PTND) because of obvious liquefaction necrosis within the tumor. RESULTS The lesions were substantial occupation and some were mixed density with cystic component. The cystic component increased in the larger tumor. The hepatic metastases were enhanced remarkably during the hepatic arterial-dominant phase scan and had abundant tumor vascular and tumor stain on hepatoarterial angiography. The size of tumor in 4 cases was reduced after TACE. The tumor in the patient who was treated with PCS had no changed. The size of the tumor in 3 cases was slightly enlarged. The tumors in the 3 patients treated with PTND were reduced remarkably. CONCLUSIONS The predominant blood-supply of the hepatic metastases from small intestinal leiomyosarcoma is the hepatic artery abundant in blood vessels. TACE, PCS and PTND are effective methods to treat hepatic metastases from small intestinal leiomyosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Liu
- Department of Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Medical Center of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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Osburn DL, Shao G, Seidel HM, Schulman IG. Ligand-dependent degradation of retinoid X receptors does not require transcriptional activity or coactivator interactions. Mol Cell Biol 2001; 21:4909-18. [PMID: 11438648 PMCID: PMC87210 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.21.15.4909-4918.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells utilize ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis to regulate the activity of numerous proteins involved in signal transduction, cell cycle control, and transcriptional regulation. For a number of transcription factors, there appears to be a direct correlation between transcriptional activity and protein instability, suggesting that cells use targeted destruction as one method to down-regulate or attenuate gene expression. In this report we demonstrate that retinoid X receptors (RXRs) which function as versatile mediators of nuclear hormone-dependent gene expression are marked for destruction upon binding agonist ligands. Interestingly, when RXR serves as a heterodimeric partner for retinoic acid (RAR) or thyroid hormone (TR) receptors, binding of agonists by RAR or TR leads to degradation of both the transcriptionally active RAR or TR subunits as well as the transcriptionally inactive RXR subunit. Furthermore, using a series of mutants in the ligand-dependent activation domain (activation function 2), we demonstrate that agonist-stimulated degradation of RXR does not require corepressor release, coactivator binding, or transcriptional activity. Taken together, the data suggest a model for targeted destruction of transcription factors based on structural or conformational signals as opposed to functional coupling with gene transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- D L Osburn
- Nuclear Receptor Discovery, Ligand Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, California 92121, USA
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Abstract
There is an urgent requirement for an optical emitter that is compatible with standard, silicon-based ultra-large-scale integration (ULSI) technology. Bulk silicon has an indirect energy bandgap and is therefore highly inefficient as a light source, necessitating the use of other materials for the optical emitters. However, the introduction of these materials is usually incompatible with the strict processing requirements of existing ULSI technologies. Moreover, as the length scale of the devices decreases, electrons will spend increasingly more of their time in the connections between components; this interconnectivity problem could restrict further increases in computer chip processing power and speed in as little as five years. Many efforts have therefore been directed, with varying degrees of success, to engineering silicon-based materials that are efficient light emitters. Here, we describe the fabrication, using standard silicon processing techniques, of a silicon light-emitting diode (LED) that operates efficiently at room temperature. Boron is implanted into silicon both as a dopant to form a p-n junction, as well as a means of introducing dislocation loops. The dislocation loops introduce a local strain field, which modifies the band structure and provides spatial confinement of the charge carriers. It is this spatial confinement which allows room-temperature electroluminescence at the band-edge. This device strategy is highly compatible with ULSI technology, as boron ion implantation is already used as a standard method for the fabrication of silicon devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- W L Ng
- School of Electronic Engineering, Information Technology & Mathematics, University of Surrey, Guilford, UK
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Diplas S, Watts JF, Tsakiropoulos P, Shao G, Beamson G, Matthew JAD. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies of Ti-Al and Ti-Al-V alloys using Cr K? radiation. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.1103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Shao G, Su Y, Huang G, Wen B. [Relationship between CYP1A1, GSTM1 genetic polymorphisms and susceptibility to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma]. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi 2000; 21:420-3. [PMID: 11860825 DOI: pmid/11860825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between susceptibility of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and the genetic polymorphisms of CYP1A1 and GSTM1. METHODS Subjects were comprised of 107 esophageal cancer patients and 111 healthy controls. Genotyping of both CYP1A1 and GSTM1 were performed in cancer tissues of all 107 patients and peripheral blood leukocytes taken from the controls by polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS There were no significant differences in the frequency distribution of CYP1A1 polymorphisms between esophageal cancer patients and healthy controls although the frequency of CYP1A1 with at least one allele of Val showed slightly higher in individuals with esophageal cancer. However, significant difference was observed in the frequency of GSTM1-nulled individuals with esophageal cancer comparing with the controls (P < 0.05). When subjects were categorized by both CYP1A1 genotype and GSTM1 genotype, GSTM1 (-) became markedly expressed in patients with CYP1A1 (I/I) than in the corresponding controls (67% versus 40%, P < 0.01). The frequency of CYP1A1 genotype with at least one allele of Val (I/V and V/V) was also statistically higher in patients with GSTM1 (+), comparing to the corresponding controls (64% versus 41%, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS It was suggested that: genetic polymorphisms of CYP1A1 and GSTM1 were susceptible to esophageal cancer; individuals who are GSTM1-null have an increased risk of developing esophageal cancer; individuals with combined CYP1A1 (I/I) and GSTM1 (-) or with combined CYP1A1 (I/V, V/V) and GSTM1 (+) were more susceptible, when comparing to those with combined CYP1A1 (I/I) and GSTM1 (+).
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Affiliation(s)
- G Shao
- Biochemistry Department, Shantou University Medical College, Guandong 515031, China
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Abstract
Binding of agonists to nuclear receptors results in a conformational change in receptor structure that promotes interaction between activated receptors and coactivators. Receptor-coactivator interactions are mediated by the agonist-dependent formation of a hydrophobic pocket on the part of receptors, and short leucine-rich sequences termed LxxLL motifs or nuclear receptor boxes present in coactivators. RXR-PPARgamma (retinoid X receptor-peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma) heterodimers play important roles in adipocyte and macrophage differentiation and have been implicated as therapeutic targets in diabetes, atherosclerosis, and cancer. Analysis of interactions between RXR-PPARgamma heterodimers and coactivator nuclear receptor boxes suggests that RXR and PPARgamma can distinguish among coactivators by recognizing distinct structural features of nuclear receptor boxes. The results also indicate that coactivator choice by RXR is mediated by three nonconserved amino acids of the nuclear receptor box. The ability of an optimized seven-amino acid nuclear receptor box to specifically interact with RXR and function as a selective inhibitor suggests the coactivator-binding pocket may serve as a new target for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Shao
- Nuclear Receptor Discovery, Ligand Pharmaceuticals, Inc., San Diego, California 92121, USA
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40
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Abstract
A half-century policy of forest exploitation and monoculture in China has led to disastrous consequences, including degradation of forests and landscapes, loss of biodiversity, unacceptable levels of soil erosion, and catastrophic flooding. A new forest policy had been adopted in China called the Natural Forest conservation Program (NFCP), which emphasizes expansion of natural forests and increasing the productivity of forest plantations. Through locally focused management strategies, biodiversity and forest resources will be sustained, and downstream regions will be better protected from flooding. This new policy is being implemented with a new combination of policy tools, including technical training and education, land management planning, mandatory conversion of marginal farmlands to forest, resettlement and retaining of forest dwellers, share in private ownership, and expanded research. These policy tools may have wider relevance for other countries, particularly developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Zhang
- Center for Natural Forest Conservation and Management, State Forestry Administration (SFA), Beijing 100714, P. R. China
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41
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Zhang YW, Morita I, Shao G, Yao XS, Murota S. Screening of anti-hypoxia/reoxygenation agents by an in vitro model. Part 1: Natural inhibitors for protein tyrosine kinase activated by hypoxia/reoxygenation in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Planta Med 2000; 66:114-118. [PMID: 10763582 DOI: 10.1055/s-2000-11128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) signaling pathways play important roles in ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) or hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injuries. Inhibition of PTK activation can protect against I/R- or H/R-induced damages. As one part of our work for seeking bioactive compounds from natural sources against I/R or H/R, in the present study we examined the effects of 54 compounds purified from various traditional Chinese herbs on H/R-induced PTK activation by means of an in vitro H/R model in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). The results demonstrated that an increase in PTK activation was induced after 2 h of reoxygenation. Compounds 2 (macrostemososide A), 3 (laxogenin-3-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->4)-alpha-L-arabinopyra nosyl- (1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside), 4 (chinenoside II), 7 (ginsenoside-Rd), 52 (icariin), 53 (icariside), and 54 (icaritin) showed relatively obvious inhibition on this H/R-induced PTK activation. Compounds 5 (beta-sitosterol) and 6 (daucosterine), especially 5, completely blocked such an increased activation of PTK induced by H/R. On the contrary, compound 29 (isocumarine) significantly promoted PTK activation further. Moreover, the effects of these compounds on PTK activation were dose-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y W Zhang
- Section of Cellular Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan
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42
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Zhang YW, Morita I, Zhang L, Shao G, Yao XS, Murota S. Screening of anti-hypoxia/reoxygenation agents by an in vitro method. Part 2: Inhibition of tyrosine kinase activation prevented hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced injury in endothelial gap junctional intercellular communication. Planta Med 2000; 66:119-123. [PMID: 10763583 DOI: 10.1055/s-2000-11126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we demonstrated that hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) induced an injury in gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) after 2 h of reoxygenation in cultured HUVEC. Free radical scavenger (DMSO) and antioxidant (SOD) did not prevent this GJIC injury at all. Protein kinase C inhibitor (calphostin C) partly blocked this injury. However, the protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) inhibitor genistein completely inhibited this GJIC injury. Compounds 1 [laxogenin-3-O-alpha-L-arabinosyl-(1-->6)- beta-D-glucopyranoside], 2 (macrostemososide A), 3 [laxogenin-3-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->4)-alpha- L-arabinopyranosyl-(1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside], 4 (chinenoside II), 5 (beta-sitosterol), 6 (daucosterine), 7 (ginsenoside-Rd), 29 (isocumarine), 52 (icariin), 53 (icariside), and 54 (icaritin), which showed obvious influence on H/R-induced PTK activation as stated in Part 1 (except 1), were explored for their effects on GJIC. The results showed that compounds 2-7 and 52-57 partly protected H/R-induced GJIC injury. Compounds 5 and 6 (especially 5), which showed the strongest inhibitory effects on PTK activation, completely blocked H/R-provoked GJIC injury. Compound 1, which did not influence PTK activation, failed to prevent this GJIC injury. In contrast, compound 29, which significantly promoted PTK activation, enhanced this H/R-induced GJIC injury further. Western blotting of connexin 43, an important gap junctional protein for modulating GJIC in HUVEC, revealed that interference with the gap junctional protein might be the most direct mechanism for compounds 2, 5, 29, and 53 to affect H/R-injured GJIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y W Zhang
- Section of Cellular Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan
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43
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44
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Gong W, Tan B, Shao G. [Determination of the valence of iron by the conventional XRF spectrometer]. Guang Pu Xue Yu Guang Pu Fen Xi 1998; 18:734-738. [PMID: 15825292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
FeKbeta emission spectra and parameters of mixtures are studied by conventional XRF spectrometer and PEAKFIT programs. The true spectra profile and it's parameters are obtained by profile resolving method. Integral area ratios are also calculated. The relations of these parameters and the valences of the iron are found. Fe3O4 sample and the iron ore which has different valences are quantified.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Gong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 100083 Beijing
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45
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Huang S, Shao G, Liu L. The PR domain of the Rb-binding zinc finger protein RIZ1 is a protein binding interface and is related to the SET domain functioning in chromatin-mediated gene expression. J Biol Chem 1998; 273:15933-9. [PMID: 9632640 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.273.26.15933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The PR domain, first noted as the PRDI-BF1-RIZ1 homologous region, defines a sub-class of zinc finger genes that appear to function as negative regulators of tumorigenesis. This family includes the MDS1-EVI1 gene inactivated in myeloid leukemia, the PRDI-BF1/BLIMP1 transcription repressor of c-myc involved in driving B-cell differentiation, and the RIZ gene, which encodes proteins capable of binding to the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein (Rb). The PR domain of MDS1-EVI1 is disrupted by translocations linked to myeloid leukemia, resulting in the activation of the PR-minus oncogenic product EVI1. Remarkably similar to MDS1-EVI1, RIZ gene also normally produces two protein products of different length, and the smaller protein RIZ2 lacks the PR domain of RIZ1 but is otherwise identical to RIZ1. These observations raise considerable interest to determine the function of PR. We show here that RIZ1 PR domain mediates protein-protein interaction. Recombinant fusion proteins of PR can bind to in vitro translated RIZ1 and RIZ2 proteins. The binding can be disrupted by amino acid substitutions at conserved residues of PR, suggesting that binding is specific. Of the three conserved exons of PR, the first two appear dispensable for binding, whereas the third exon is required. A region in the carboxyl terminus of RIZ proteins was mapped to be necessary and sufficient for PR binding. We also found that the PR domain shares significant sequence identity to the SET domain present in chromosomal proteins that function in modulating gene expression from yeast to mammals. Our data suggest that the PR domain is a derivative of SET domain and may function as protein binding interface in the regulation of chromatin-mediated gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Huang
- Program in Oncogenes and Tumor Suppressor Genes, The Burnham Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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46
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Schulman IG, Shao G, Heyman RA. Transactivation by retinoid X receptor-peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) heterodimers: intermolecular synergy requires only the PPARgamma hormone-dependent activation function. Mol Cell Biol 1998; 18:3483-94. [PMID: 9584188 PMCID: PMC108929 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.18.6.3483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of DNA sequence-specific transcription factors to synergistically activate transcription is a common property of genes transcribed by RNA polymerase II. The present work characterizes a unique form of intermolecular transcriptional synergy between two members of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily. Heterodimers formed between peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma), an adipocyte-enriched member of the superfamily required for adipogenesis, and retinoid X receptors (RXRs) can activate transcription in response to ligands specific for either subunit of the dimer. Simultaneous treatment with ligands specific for both PPARgamma and RXR has a synergistic effect on the transactivation of reporter genes and on adipocyte differentiation in cultured cells. Mutation of the PPARgamma hormone-dependent activation domain (named tauc or AF-2) inhibits the ability of RXR-PPARgamma heterodimers to respond to ligands specific for either subunit. In contrast, the ability of RXR- and PPARgamma-specific ligands to synergize does not require the hormone-dependent activation domain of RXR. The results of in vitro and in vivo experiments indicate that binding of ligands to RXR alters the conformation of the dimerization partner, PPARgamma, and modulates the activity of the heterodimer in a manner independent of the RXR hormone-dependent activation domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- I G Schulman
- Department of Retinoid Research, Ligand Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, California 92121, USA.
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47
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Abstract
The RIZ (G3B or MTB-Zf) zinc finger gene is structurally related to the myeloid leukemia gene, MDS1-EVI1, and the transcription repressor/differentiation factor, PRDI-BF1/BLIMP1, through a conserved amino-terminal motif, the PR domain. Similar to MDS1-EVI1, RIZ gene normally produces two protein products that differ by the PR domain. The smaller protein RIZ2 lacks the PR domain of RIZ1 but is otherwise identical to RIZ1. Here we show that RIZ proteins bind to GC-rich or Sp-1-binding elements and repress transcription. Both RIZ1 and RIZ2 repressed the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSV-TK) promoter, one of the best characterized eukaryotic promoters. Recombinant RIZ1 proteins were able to bind to HSV-TK promoter. This binding was mediated by the GC-rich Sp-1 elements of the promoter and the first three zinc finger motifs of RIZ1. RIZ also encodes a repressor domain that was mapped to the central region of the protein. Fusion of this region to the GAL4 DNA-binding domain generated GAL4 site-dependent transcriptional repressors. We also show that RIZ1 protein can efficiently repress the simian virus 40 (SV40) early promoter, which primarily consists of Sp-1 sites; RIZ2, however, only weakly repressed this promoter, suggesting a role for PR in modulating RIZ protein function. The data have implications for a role of RIZ proteins in the regulation of cellular gene promoters, many of which are characterized by GC-rich elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Xie
- La Jolla Cancer Research Center, The Burnham Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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48
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Zhou Y, Shao G, Mou S. [Study on ion chromatography (IC) for the low-molecular weight amines]. Se Pu 1997; 15:243-5. [PMID: 15739369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper the retention behaviors of low-molecular weight amines (methylamine, dimethylamine, trimethylamine, ethylamine, propylamine sec-butylamine, n-butylamine, ethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine) on Ionpac CS12 column were for the first time studied with modern ion chromatograph. The column is usually used for routine analysis of inorganic cations and it strongly retains these organic amines. So they are difficult to be eluted by dilute aqueous HCl alone. The addition of acetonitrile (ACN) as a modifier can improve the peak shape and resolution. Influences of concentrations (ACN & HCl) on separation and detection were investigated separately and the chromatographic conditions were optimized. Aqueous solution of 20 mmol/L HCl containing 1% or 5% ACN (5% for higher molecular weight amines) was used as the eluant with a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min to optimize the column efficiency. In addition to methylamine, ethanolamine and diethanolamine, all other amines can well be separated from each other. According to the structure they may be divided into three classes: (a) methylamine, dimethylamine and trimethylamine; (b) diethanolamine and triethanolamine; (c) ethylamine, propylamine, sec-butylamine and n-butylamine. The three classes of mixtures were separately injected into the IC system and resolutions being obtained by the developed method were: (a) 1.25 and 1.52; (b) 1.20; (c) 2.45, 2.05 and 2.10 respectively. The new method is characterized by rapidity, convenience, sensitivity and simultaneous determination of some inorganic cations. It was separately used for determination of diethanolamine, triethanolamine, NH4+ in explosive samples and of Na+, K+, MgZ+, Ca2+ in water supply with satisfactory results. The retention mechanism of amines on CS12 column and effect of organic modifier were also preliminarily explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing University of Science and Technology, Beijing, 100083
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49
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50
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Liu L, Shao G, Steele-Perkins G, Huang S. The retinoblastoma interacting zinc finger gene RIZ produces a PR domain-lacking product through an internal promoter. J Biol Chem 1997; 272:2984-91. [PMID: 9006946 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.272.5.2984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The PR domain is a newly recognized protein motif that characterizes a subfamily of Krüppel-like zinc finger genes. Members of the PR domain family have been shown to play important roles in cell differentiation and malignant transformation. The RIZ gene is the founding member of this family; it was isolated because its gene products can bind to the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein. Here, we have studied the RIZ gene structure and expression. By immunoprecipitation and immunoblot analysis we identified two different RIZ protein products of 280 and 250 kDa, designated RIZ1 and RIZ2, respectively. The 280-kDa RIZ1 product comigrated with the RIZ cDNA-derived polypeptide. The 250-kDa RIZ2 product lacked the NH2-terminal PR domain of RIZ1; it comigrated with a truncated RIZ1 polypeptide that was initiated from an internal ATG codon. Both the full-length and the truncated RIZ1 polypeptide were located in the nucleus as shown by transfection and immunofluorescence analysis. We identified the RIZ2 transcripts and showed that they were produced by an internal promoter located at the 5' boundary of coding exon 5. RNase protection analysis revealed similar ratios of RIZ1 and RIZ2 transcripts in most adult rat tissues except in testis, where RIZ1 was more abundant than RIZ2. These observations were strikingly similar to those described for the MDS1-EVI1 cancer gene, which also normally gives rise to a PR domain-lacking product, EVI1, because of an internal promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Liu
- La Jolla Cancer Research Center, The Burnham Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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