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García-Castañeda Z, Gomes-Azevedo S, Flores-Treviño J, González GM, Brasil SC, Souza TM, Rôças IN, Siqueira JF. Shaping ability of BlueShaper, TruNatomy, DC Taper and HyFlex EDM in long oval canals: An ex vivo study. Int Endod J 2023; 56:1147-1154. [PMID: 37334880 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
AIM This study evaluated and compared the shaping ability of four rotary instrument systems in long-oval root canals using microcomputed tomographic (micro-CT) evaluation. Currently, there is no data available on the canal shaping abilities of BlueShaper and DC Taper instruments. METHODOLOGY Sixty-four single-rooted mandibular premolars were matched based on similar root canal morphologic features as determined by (micro-CT) and randomly assigned to 1 of 4 experimental groups (n = 16) according to the instrument system used: BlueShaper, TruNatomy, DC Taper and HyFlex EDM One File. Changes in the root canal surface and volume, remaining dentine thickness, and number of prepared areas were assessed. RESULTS No significant differences were found amongst the four instrument systems for the parameters evaluated (p > .05). There was a significant reduction in the number of unprepared areas and the remaining dentine thickness after each increase in size of the instruments tested (p < .05). CONCLUSIONS The four instrument systems perform similarly in long oval root canals. Although none could prepare all canal walls, larger preparations incorporated significantly more surfaces in the final shape.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Susana Gomes-Azevedo
- Postgraduate Program in Endodontics, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Jorge Flores-Treviño
- Postgraduate Program in Endodontics, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Mexico
| | | | - Sabrina C Brasil
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, University of Grande Rio (UNIGRANRIO), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Thaís M Souza
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, University of Grande Rio (UNIGRANRIO), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Isabela N Rôças
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, University of Grande Rio (UNIGRANRIO), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - José F Siqueira
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, University of Grande Rio (UNIGRANRIO), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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2
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Ríos-López AL, Bustamante AE, González GM, Llaca-Diaz JM, Sánchez-González A. Inquilinus limosus isolated from a patient with chronic cystic fibrosis. First report in Mexico and evidence that co-infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa promotes the accelerated and increased formation of extracellular neutrophil traps. Indian J Med Microbiol 2021; 40:156-159. [PMID: 34856324 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmmb.2021.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis is characterized by abnormal mucous secretions in the lungs that favor the proliferation of colonizing bacteria, with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus being the most isolated, however, other less known species could also have an impact on the health of the patient. Here we demonstrate the isolation and antibiotic resistance profiles of Inquilinus limosus, a rarely reported multidrug resistant bacterium, and compare them to a co-infectant strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Likewise, we found that co-infection with both bacteria promotes increased formation of neutrophil extracellular traps, which can have an impact on the disease severity and make treatment difficult.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Ríos-López
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, 64460, Nuevo León, Mexico.
| | - A E Bustamante
- Hospital Universitario, CEPREP, Edificio Rodrigo Barragán, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, 64460, Nuevo León, Mexico.
| | - G M González
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, 64460, Nuevo León, Mexico.
| | - J M Llaca-Diaz
- Unidad de Banco de sangre, Hospital Universitario "José Eleuterio González", Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, 64460, Nuevo León, Mexico.
| | - A Sánchez-González
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, 64460, Nuevo León, Mexico.
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3
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Ríos-López AL, González GM, Hernández-Bello R, Sánchez-González A. Avoiding the trap: Mechanisms developed by pathogens to escape neutrophil extracellular traps. Microbiol Res 2020; 243:126644. [PMID: 33199088 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2020.126644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils are the first cells of the innate immune system that respond to infection by arriving at sites when pathogens have exceeded physical barriers. Among their response mechanisms against pathogens is the release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which are composed of deoxyribonucleic acid and antimicrobial proteins such as neutrophil elastase, myeloperoxidase, antimicrobial peptides, and other proteins in neutrophil granules. The formation of extracellular traps is considered an effective strategy to capture and, in some cases, neutralize pathogenic bacteria, fungi, parasites, or viruses. However, it is also known that pathogens can respond to NETs by expressing some virulence factors, thus evading the antimicrobial effect of these structures. These include the secretion of proteins to degrade the deoxyribonucleic acid scaffold, the formation of biofilms that impede the effect of NETs, or the modification of its membrane structure to avoid interaction with NETs. In this review, we discuss these mechanisms and summarize the different pathogens that employ one or more mechanisms to evade the NET-mediated neutrophil response.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Ríos-López
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina y Hospital Universitario "Dr. Jose Eleuterio Gonzalez", Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, 64460, Mexico
| | - G M González
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina y Hospital Universitario "Dr. Jose Eleuterio Gonzalez", Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, 64460, Mexico
| | - R Hernández-Bello
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina y Hospital Universitario "Dr. Jose Eleuterio Gonzalez", Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, 64460, Mexico
| | - A Sánchez-González
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina y Hospital Universitario "Dr. Jose Eleuterio Gonzalez", Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, 64460, Mexico.
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4
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Flores-Maldonado OE, Montoya AM, Andrade A, González GM, Aguilar-Fernández SA, Elizondo-Zertuche M, Chacón-Salinas R, Rocha-Rodríguez H, Becerril-García MA. Evaluation of the Induction of Cell-Mediated Immunity Against Candida albicans in a Model of Cutaneous Infection in Newborn 0-Day-Old Mice. Mycopathologia 2019; 184:747-757. [PMID: 31637573 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-019-00398-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Candida albicans is a commensal fungus of the skin and mucous membranes in humans, but it is also responsible for mucocutaneous and systemic infections in immunocompromised patients like low birth weight neonates and premature newborns. The epicutaneous application of C. albicans is widely used to study the immune response against this pathogen in adult mice models. However, the immune response of newborns against infections caused by the genus Candida is poorly understood. In order to mimic premature human infection, we developed a model of C. albicans epicutaneous infection in newborn mice. We found that yeasts were able to colonize while the pseudohyphae invaded the epidermis. Recruitment of polymorphonuclear and mononuclear cells at the infection zone was observed. Fungal invasion, fungal burden and cellular infiltration displayed a time- and dose-dependent response. Interestingly, newborn mice were able to control C. albicans primary infection. Finally, we showed that the epicutaneous infection of C. albicans in newborn mice at birth results in the induction of cell-mediated immunity as evinced by delayed-type hypersensitivity assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- O E Flores-Maldonado
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Av. Francisco I Madero and Dr. Aguirre-Pequeño, 64460, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - A M Montoya
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Av. Francisco I Madero and Dr. Aguirre-Pequeño, 64460, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - A Andrade
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Av. Francisco I Madero and Dr. Aguirre-Pequeño, 64460, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - G M González
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Av. Francisco I Madero and Dr. Aguirre-Pequeño, 64460, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - S A Aguilar-Fernández
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Av. Francisco I Madero and Dr. Aguirre-Pequeño, 64460, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - M Elizondo-Zertuche
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Av. Francisco I Madero and Dr. Aguirre-Pequeño, 64460, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - R Chacón-Salinas
- Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, ENCB-IPN, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - H Rocha-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Histología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - M A Becerril-García
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Av. Francisco I Madero and Dr. Aguirre-Pequeño, 64460, Monterrey, Mexico.
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5
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Robledo-Leal E, Rivera-Morales LG, Sangorrín MP, González GM, Ramos-Alfano G, Adame-Rodriguez JM, Alcocer-Gonzalez JM, Arechiga-Carvajal ET, Rodriguez-Padilla C. Identification and susceptibility of clinical isolates of Candida spp. to killer toxins. BRAZ J BIOL 2018; 78:742-749. [PMID: 29412252 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.175635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although invasive infections and mortality caused by Candida species are increasing among compromised patients, resistance to common antifungal agents is also an increasing problem. We analyzed 60 yeasts isolated from patients with invasive candidiasis using a PCR/RFLP strategy based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS2) region to identify different Candida pathogenic species. PCR analysis was performed from genomic DNA with a primer pair of the ITS2-5.8S rDNA region. PCR-positive samples were characterized by RFLP. Restriction resulted in 23 isolates identified as C. albicans using AlwI, 24 isolates as C. parapsilosis using RsaI, and 13 as C. tropicalis using XmaI. Then, a group of all isolates were evaluated for their susceptibility to a panel of previously described killer yeasts, resulting in 75% being susceptible to at least one killer yeast while the remaining were not inhibited by any strain. C. albicans was the most susceptible group while C. tropicalis had the fewest inhibitions. No species-specific pattern of inhibition was obtained with this panel of killer yeasts. Metschnikowia pulcherrima, Pichia kluyveri and Wickerhamomyces anomalus were the strains that inhibited the most isolates of Candida spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Robledo-Leal
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León - UANL, Av. Universidad, s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, CP 66455, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, México
| | - L G Rivera-Morales
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León - UANL, Av. Universidad, s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, CP 66455, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, México
| | - M P Sangorrín
- Grupo de Biodiversidad y Biotecnología de Levaduras, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, Facultad de Ingeniería, Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ingeniería de Procesos, Biotecnología y Energías Alternativas - PROBIEN, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Buenos Aires, 1400, CP 8300, Neuquén, Argentina
| | - G M González
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León - UANL, Av. Francisco I. Madero Pte, s/n y Av. Gonzalitos, Monterrey, CP 64460, Nuevo León, México
| | - G Ramos-Alfano
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León - UANL, Av. Universidad, s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, CP 66455, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, México
| | - J M Adame-Rodriguez
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León - UANL, Av. Universidad, s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, CP 66455, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, México
| | - J M Alcocer-Gonzalez
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León - UANL, Av. Universidad, s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, CP 66455, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, México
| | - E T Arechiga-Carvajal
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León - UANL, Av. Universidad, s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, CP 66455, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, México
| | - C Rodriguez-Padilla
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León - UANL, Av. Universidad, s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, CP 66455, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, México
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6
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Bonifaz A, Tirado-Sánchez A, Paredes-Solís V, Cepeda-Valdés R, González GM, Treviño-Rangel RJ, Fierro-Arias L. Cutaneous disseminated sporotrichosis: clinical experience of 24 cases. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2017; 32:e77-e79. [PMID: 28833587 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.14533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Bonifaz
- Dermatology Service & Mycology Department, Hospital General de México, "Dr. Eduardo Liceaga", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - A Tirado-Sánchez
- Dermatology Service & Mycology Department, Hospital General de México, "Dr. Eduardo Liceaga", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - V Paredes-Solís
- Dermatologist, Hospital General Dr. Miguel Silva, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - R Cepeda-Valdés
- Basic Sciences Department, Medical School, Universidad de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - G M González
- Microbiology Department, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - R J Treviño-Rangel
- Microbiology Department, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - L Fierro-Arias
- Dermatology Service & Mycology Department, Hospital General de México, "Dr. Eduardo Liceaga", Mexico City, Mexico
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7
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Robledo-Leal E, Villarreal-Treviño L, González GM. Occurrence of killer yeasts in isolates of clinical origin. Trop Biomed 2012; 29:297-300. [PMID: 22735852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A total of 1 025 strains belonging to different Candida species of clinical origin were evaluated for their killer activity against sensitive strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Isolates were identified by standard morphological and biochemical analyses. For the evaluation of the killer activity, potential killer isolates were streaked on plates previously seeded with the sensitive strain. A total of 52 Candida isolates (5%) exhibited killer activity against both sensitive yeast strains. The occurrence of the killer phenomenon was proportionally higher in isolates recovered from closed cavities. Candida glabrata was the species with the most occurrences of killer strains, but a bigger proportion of killer activity was observed in Candida utilis. Secretion of killer toxins could represent at least partially, an advantage against other candida and non-Candida strains in the colonization process, especially for uncommon Candida species.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Robledo-Leal
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, México
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8
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Verweij PE, González GM, Wiedrhold NP, Lass-Flörl C, Warn P, Heep M, Ghannoum MA, Guinea J. In vitro antifungal activity of isavuconazole against 345 mucorales isolates collected at study centers in eight countries. J Chemother 2009; 21:272-81. [PMID: 19567347 DOI: 10.1179/joc.2009.21.3.272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Although mucormycoses (formerly zygomycoses) are relatively uncommon, they are associated with high mortality and treatment options are limited. Isavuconazole is a novel, water soluble, broad-spectrum azole in clinical development for the treatment of invasive aspergillosis and candidiasis. The objective of this report was to collate data on the in vitro activity of isavuconazole against a collection of 345 diverse mucorales isolates, collected and tested at eight study centers in europe, mexico and North America. Each study center undertook minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) susceptibility testing of their isolates, according to EUCAST or CLSI guidelines. Across all study centers, isavuconazole exhibited MIC(50 )values of 1-4 mg/l and MIC(90 )values of 4-16 mg/l against the five genera. There were also marked differences in MIC distributions, which could be ascribed to differences in inoculum and/or endpoint. EUCAST guidelines appeared to generate modal MICs 2-fold higher than CLSI. These results confirm that isavuconazole possesses at least partial antifungal activity against mucorales.
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Affiliation(s)
- P E Verweij
- Radboud University Medical Center, The Netherlands
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9
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Garza González E, Giasi González E, Martínez Vázquez MA, Pérez Pérez GI, González GM, Maldonado Garza HJ, Bosques Padilla FJ. [Helicobacter pylori erradication and its relation to antibiotic resistance and CYP2C19 status]. Rev Esp Enferm Dig 2007; 99:71-5. [PMID: 17417917 DOI: 10.4321/s1130-01082007000200002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE to assess the efficacy of rabeprazole (RPZ), amoxicillin (Am), and clarithromycin (Cla) (7 vs. 14 days) in the eradication of H. pylori, and to determine the effect of strain-specific antibiotic resistance and host CYP2C19 status. MATERIAL AND METHODS first, we determined the CYP2C19 status of 100 healthy subjects to establish a sample size for the clinical trial. Then, 59 H. pylori-infected patients were randomized to receive RPZ (20 mg daily) plus Cla (500 mg b.d.) and Am (1,000 mg b.d.) for 7 vs. 14 days. The MIC for Am and Cla were determined using the agar dilution method. The CYP2C19 genotype was determined by the PCR-RFLP method. RESULTS In the per-protocol analysis (PP) eradication rates were 89.7 and 72% for the 7- and 14-day groups (p = 0.159). In the intention to-treat analysis (ITT) eradication rates were 86.7 and 62.1% in the 7- and 14-day groups, respectively (p = 0.06). None of the strains was resistant to Am, and 4 strains were resistant to Cla: 3 (11.1%) in the 14-day group and 1 (4%) in the 7-day group. Neither strain-specific antibiotic resistance nor host CYP2C19 status influenced eradication rates. CONCLUSIONS both 7- and 14-day therapies were effective for H. pylori eradication. Strain resistance and CYP2C19 status do not seem to influence eradication rates in the studied population.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Garza González
- Departamento de Microbiología. Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, México
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Abstract
Pseudallescheria boydii is found in soil and has a worldwide distribution. This fungus was initially identified as a pathogen targeting a variety of tissues. There are fragmentary data in the literature on the in vitro susceptibility of P. boydii to different antifungal compounds. P. boydii is highly refractory to antifungal treatments. In this study, a murine model of disseminated Pseudallescheria infection was developed to evaluate efficacy of different treatment regimens. A clinical strain of P. boydii was studied in normal and neutropenic outbred ICR mice. Several inocula were tested over a range from 1 x 10(3) to 5 x 10(6) cfu. Groups of eight mice were injected with a intravenous dose of one inoculum. Mortality correlated with the dose of the inoculum, and with immunosuppression. Quantitative cultures of various tissues showed initial dissemination of disease in immune competent mice. This was followed by, reduction of tissue burden, except in the brain. In contrast, disseminated infection persisted in most organs in immunosuppressed animals (p < 0.0001). This model should be appropriate for in vivo evaluation of antifungal chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M González
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Department of Medicine, 78229-3900, USA.
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11
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González GM, Tijerina R, Najvar LK, Bocanegra R, Luther M, Rinaldi MG, Graybill JR. Correlation between antifungal susceptibilities of Coccidioides immitis in vitro and antifungal treatment with caspofungin in a mouse model. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2001; 45:1854-9. [PMID: 11353637 PMCID: PMC90557 DOI: 10.1128/aac.45.6.1854-1859.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Caspofungin (Merck Pharmaceuticals) was tested in vitro against 25 clinical isolates of Coccidoides immitis. In vitro susceptibility testing was performed in accordance with the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards document M38-P guidelines. Two C. immitis isolates for which the caspofungin MICs were different were selected for determination of the minimum effective concentration (MEC), and these same strains were used for animal studies. Survival and tissue burdens of the spleens, livers, and lungs were used as antifungal response markers. Mice infected with strain 98-449 (48-h MIC, 8 microg/ml; 48-h MEC, 0.125 microg/ml) showed 100% survival to day 50 when treated with caspofungin at > or =1 mg/kg. Mice infected with strain 98-571 (48-h MIC, 64 microg/ml; 48-h MEC, 0.125 microg/ml) displayed > or =80% survival when the treatment was caspofungin at > or =5 mg/kg. Treatment with caspofungin at 0.5, 1, 5, or 10 mg/kg was effective in reducing the tissue fungal burdens of mice infected with either isolate. When tissue fungal burden study results were compared between strains, caspofungin showed no statistically significant difference in efficacy in the organs of the mice treated with both strains. A better in vitro-in vivo correlation was noted when we used the MEC instead of the MIC as the endpoint for antifungal susceptibility testing. Caspofungin may have a role in the treatment of coccidioidomycosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M González
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Texas 78229-3900, USA.
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12
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Jiménez L, González GM, Montiel J, Aboitiz F. Dendritic structure of single hippocampal neurons according to sex and hemisphere of origin in middle-aged and elderly human subjects. Brain Res 2001; 906:31-7. [PMID: 11430859 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-8993(01)02549-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The organization of basilar dendritic patterns in the CA1 hippocampal region obtained from 13 middle-aged and elderly human subjects was assessed using the Golgi method. Neurons were classified according to hemisphere of origin and the sex of the respective subjects. Three parameters were measured: total dendritic length (TDL), number of dendritic segments (NDS) and average segment length (ASL, which is TDL divided by NDS). Dendritic segments were classified into proximal (first to third order) and distal (fourth order and above). Sex differences were found in distal TDL and in proximal and distal NDS, neurons belonging to males having larger values than those belonging to females. In addition, a hemispheric difference was detected in distal TDL, in which neurons of the left hemisphere had larger values than those of the right hemisphere.
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13
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González GM, Sutton DA, Thompson E, Tijerina R, Rinaldi MG. In vitro activities of approved and investigational antifungal agents against 44 clinical isolates of basidiomycetous fungi. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2001; 45:633-5. [PMID: 11158771 PMCID: PMC90343 DOI: 10.1128/aac.45.2.633-635.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The in vitro activity of amphotericin B, fluconazole, flucytosine, itraconazole, voriconazole, and posaconazole was evaluated against 44 clinical isolates of filamentous basidiomycetous fungi. No statistically significant differences were noted between Schizophyllum commune (n = 5), Coprinus species (n = 8), Bjerkandera adusta (n = 14), and sterile, uncharacterized basidiomycetes (n = 17).
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Affiliation(s)
- G M González
- Fungus Testing Laboratory, Department of Pathology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229-3900, USA.
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14
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González GM, Costello CR, La Tourette TR, Joyce LK, Valenzuela M. Bilingual telephone-assisted computerized speech-recognition assessment: is a voice-activated computer program a culturally and linguistically appropriate tool for screening depression in English and Spanish? Cult Divers Ment Health 2000; 3:93-111. [PMID: 9231537 DOI: 10.1037/1099-9809.3.2.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate an automated voice-interactive program for screening depression in English and Spanish. The Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D) was administered in two interview formats: a speech recognition program presented by cellular telephone, and a face-to-face method. In a single-session counterbalanced design, 32 English speakers and 23 Spanish speakers completed randomly ordered administrations of the two CES-D methods, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and the Short Acculturation Scale (SAS). There was strong evidence that the two CES-D methods were psychometrically equivalent, reliable, and valid in both languages. The two methods were highly rated by both language groups. The Spanish speakers did not display a preference for either method, but the English speakers preferred the face-to-face method. The results also suggested that verbal response latency time was positively correlated with depression scores. Last, the Spanish-speakers' acculturation levels were not correlated with depression scores. Differences in age, education, and income between the language groups were confounded by unequal sample sizes. The findings generally supported the viability of the automated CES-D as a culturally and linguistically appropriate tool for screening depression in English and Spanish. Furthermore, the analyses of respondent voice characteristics show promise as a method for screening depression in both languages.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M González
- Psychology Program, California State University, San Marcos 92096, USA
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15
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Muñoz RF, McQuaid JR, González GM, Dimas J, Rosales VA. Depression screening in a women's clinic: using automated Spanish- and English-language voice recognition. J Consult Clin Psychol 1999. [PMID: 10450620 DOI: 10.1037//0022-006x.67.4.502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Clinical depression is frequently unrecognized, even in health care settings. This study (a) reports high levels of major depressive episodes (MDEs) and depressive symptoms in a public sector women's clinic, (b) compares computerized voice recognition with live interviews, and (c) compares Spanish and English versions of the depression-screening instruments. Patients (N = 104) completed face-to-face interviews and/or computerized voice recognition interviews in counterbalanced order; 38% scored positive for current MDE, and 67% scored positive for lifetime MDE. The mean score on the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression scale (CES-D) was 22.1 (SD = 12.1), with 68% scoring 16 or above. No differences were found on either measure between English and Spanish speakers. Overall agreement between computer and live interviews was as follows: kappa = .82 for both current and lifetime MDE and r = .89 for CES-D scores. Kappas between the MDE Screener developed for this study and the Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders were .75 for live interviews and .81 for the computerized version. Depression screening with computerized voice recognition methods yielded results comparable with those of live interviews in both English and Spanish.
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Affiliation(s)
- R F Muñoz
- Department of Psychiatry, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California 94110, USA.
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16
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Muñoz RF, McQuaid JR, González GM, Dimas J, Rosales VA. Depression screening in a women's clinic: using automated Spanish- and English-language voice recognition. J Consult Clin Psychol 1999; 67:502-10. [PMID: 10450620 DOI: 10.1037/0022-006x.67.4.502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Clinical depression is frequently unrecognized, even in health care settings. This study (a) reports high levels of major depressive episodes (MDEs) and depressive symptoms in a public sector women's clinic, (b) compares computerized voice recognition with live interviews, and (c) compares Spanish and English versions of the depression-screening instruments. Patients (N = 104) completed face-to-face interviews and/or computerized voice recognition interviews in counterbalanced order; 38% scored positive for current MDE, and 67% scored positive for lifetime MDE. The mean score on the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression scale (CES-D) was 22.1 (SD = 12.1), with 68% scoring 16 or above. No differences were found on either measure between English and Spanish speakers. Overall agreement between computer and live interviews was as follows: kappa = .82 for both current and lifetime MDE and r = .89 for CES-D scores. Kappas between the MDE Screener developed for this study and the Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders were .75 for live interviews and .81 for the computerized version. Depression screening with computerized voice recognition methods yielded results comparable with those of live interviews in both English and Spanish.
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Affiliation(s)
- R F Muñoz
- Department of Psychiatry, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California 94110, USA.
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17
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Suárez-Semour MA, González GM. [Enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) for detecting S. aureus enterotoxins B and C in milk]. Salud Publica Mex 1990; 32:64-73. [PMID: 2330514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins B and C, were obtained from strains 243 and 361 respectively. An immunoenzymatic technique was standardized both quantitative and qualitatively. We were able to detect enterotoxin to nanogram level on extracts from artificially contaminated milk. This ELISA immunoenzymatic technique implemented by us under the operative conditions of our working environment, resulted to be easy to handle, consumes only a short time, has a low cost and great diagnostic sensitivity.
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