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Almeleebia T, Akhter MH, Khalilullah H, Rahman MA, Ahmad S, Alam N, Ali MS, Khan G, Alanazi IM, Shahzad N, Alalmaie A. Co-Delivery of Naringin and Ciprofloxacin by Oleic Acid Lipid Core Encapsulated in Carboxymethyl Chitosan/Alginate Nanoparticle Composite for Enhanced Antimicrobial Activity. ACS Omega 2024; 9:6845-6860. [PMID: 38371782 PMCID: PMC10870392 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c08200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
A novel combination of antibiotic, ciprofloxacin (CIP) with herbal counterpart naringin (NAR) was encapsulated by an oleic acid lipid core and carboxymethyl chitosan (CM-CS)/Alginate (AG) nanoparticle composite (CIP + NAR-CM-CS/AG-NPs) for improved antimicrobial efficacy of antibiotic. Herein, this study explored the design and preparation of a composite system that enables to deliver both CIP and NAR from the oleic acid lipid core of CM-CS/AG nanoparticles using a nonsolvent ionic gelation technique. The nanoparticles (NPs) were fabricated with improved long-acting antimicrobial activity against E. coli and S. aureus. The optimized composition was investigated for physicochemical properties particle size, particle distribution, and ζ-potential. A diverse array of analytical tools was employed to characterize the optimized formulation including DSC, XRD, Malvern Zetasizer for particle size, ζ-potential, TEM, and SEM. Further, the preparation was investigated for % drug release, flux determination, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activity. The formulation stability was tested for 90 days and also evaluated formulation stability in fetal bovine serum to inspect the modification in physicochemical characteristics. NPs size was determined at 85 nm, PDI, and ζ-potential was recorded at 0.318, and 0.7 ± 0.4 mV. The % CIP and NAR entrapment efficiency and % loading were incurred as 91 ± 1.9, and 89.5 ± 1.2; 11.5 ± 0.6, and 10.8 ± 0.5%, respectively. The drug release erupted in the beginning phase followed by sustained and prolonged release for 48 h. The analytical experiments by DSC ensured the noninteracting and safe use of excipients in combination. X-ray studies demonstrated the amorphous state of the drug in the formulation. The insignificant alteration of formulation characteristics in FBS suggested stable and robust preparation. Storage stability of the developed formulation ensured consistent and uniform stability for three months. The DPPH assays demonstrated that NAR had good antioxidant capacity and supported improving antimicrobial activity of CIP. The hemolytic test suggested the developed formulation was compatible and caused insignificant RBC destruction. The in-house built formulation CIP + NAR-CM-CS/AG-NPs significantly improved the antimicrobial activity compared to CIP alone, offering a novel choice in antimicrobial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahani
M. Almeleebia
- Department
of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Habibullah Khalilullah
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Unaizah College of
Pharmacy, Qassim University, Unaizah 51911, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Akhlaquer Rahman
- Department
of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif 21974, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarfaraz Ahmad
- Department
of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 114, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nawazish Alam
- Department
of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 114, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Sajid Ali
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan
University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gyas Khan
- Department
of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan
University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim Mufadhi
M. Alanazi
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naiyer Shahzad
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amnah Alalmaie
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King
Khalid University, P.O. Box 62529, Abha61421, Saudi Arabia
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Akhter MH, Al-Keridis LA, Saeed M, Khalilullah H, Rab SO, Aljadaan AM, Rahman MA, Jaremko M, Emwas AH, Ahmad S, Alam N, Ali MS, Khan G, Afzal O. Enhanced drug delivery and wound healing potential of berberine-loaded chitosan-alginate nanocomposite gel: characterization and in vivo assessment. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1238961. [PMID: 38229669 PMCID: PMC10790630 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1238961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Berberine-encapsulated polyelectrolyte nanocomposite (BR-PolyET-NC) gel was developed as a long-acting improved wound healing therapy. BR-PolyET-NC was developed using an ionic gelation/complexation method and thereafter loaded into Carbopol gel. Formulation was optimized using Design-Expert® software implementing a three-level, three-factor Box Behnken design (BBD). The concentrations of polymers, namely, chitosan and alginate, and calcium chloride were investigated based on particle size and %EE. Moreover, formulation characterized in vitro for biopharmaceutical performances and their wound healing potency was evaluated in vivo in adult BALB/c mice. The particle distribution analysis showed a nanocomposite size of 71 ± 3.5 nm, polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.45, ζ-potential of +22 mV, BR entrapment of 91 ± 1.6%, and loading efficiency of 12.5 ± 0.91%. Percentage drug release was recorded as 89.50 ± 6.9% with pH 6.8, thereby simulating the wound microenvironment. The in vitro investigation of the nanocomposite gel revealed uniform consistency, well spreadability, and extrudability, which are ideal for topical wound use. The analytical estimation executed using FT-IR, DSC, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) indicated successful formulation with no drug excipients and without the amorphous state. The colony count of microbes was greatly reduced in the BR-PolyET-NC treated group on the 15th day from up to 6 CFU compared to 20 CFU observed in the BR gel treated group. The numbers of monocytes and lymphocytes counts were significantly reduced following healing progression, which reached to a peak level and vanished on the 15th day. The observed experimental characterization and in vivo study indicated the effectiveness of the developed BR-PolyET-NC gel toward wound closure and healing process, and it was found that >99% of the wound closed by 15th day, stimulated via various anti-inflammatory and angiogenic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Habban Akhter
- School of Pharmaceutical and Population Health Informatics (SoPPHI), DIT University, Dehradun, India
| | - Lamya Ahmad Al-Keridis
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Saeed
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Habibullah Khalilullah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Unaizah College of Pharmacy Qassim University, Unaizah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Safia Obaidur Rab
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adel M. Aljadaan
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
- University of Nottingham Graduate Entry Medicine, Royal Derby Hospital, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Mohammad Akhlaquer Rahman
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mariusz Jaremko
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul-Hamid Emwas
- Core Labs, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarfaraz Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nawazish Alam
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Sajid Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gyas Khan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Obaid Afzal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
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Najib Ullah SNM, Afzal O, Altamimi ASA, Alossaimi MA, Almalki WH, Alzahrani A, Barkat MA, Almeleebia TM, Alshareef H, Shorog EM, Khan G, Singh T, Singh JK. Bedaquiline-Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles Drug Delivery in the Management of Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC). Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1309. [PMID: 37765117 PMCID: PMC10534335 DOI: 10.3390/ph16091309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) mortality and new case rates are both on the rise. Most patients have fewer treatment options accessible due to side effects from drugs and the emergence of drug resistance. Bedaquiline (BQ), a drug licensed by the FDA to treat tuberculosis (TB), has demonstrated highly effective anti-cancer properties in the past. However, it is difficult to transport the biological barriers because of their limited solubility in water. Our study developed a UPLC method whose calibration curves showed linearity in the range of 5 ng/mL to 500 ng/mL. The UPLC method was developed with a retention time of 1.42 and high accuracy and precision. Its LOQ and LOD were observed to be 10 ng/mL and 5 ng/mL, respectively, whereas in the formulation, capmul MCM C10, Poloxamer 188, and PL90G were selected as solid lipids, surfactants, and co-surfactants, respectively, in the development of SLN. To combat NSCLC, we developed solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) loaded with BQ, whereas BQ suspension is prepared by the trituration method using acacia powder, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, polyvinyl acrylic acid, and BQ. The developed and optimized BQ-SLN3 has a particle size of 144 nm and a zeta potential of (-) 16.3 mV. whereas BQ-loaded SLN3 has observed entrapment efficiency (EE) and loading capacity (LC) of 92.05% and 13.33%, respectively. Further, BQ-loaded suspension revealed a particle size of 1180 nm, a PDI of 0.25, and a zeta potential of -0.0668. whereas the EE and LC of BQ-loaded suspension were revealed to be 88.89% and 11.43%, respectively. The BQ-SLN3 exhibited insignificant variation in particle size, homogeneous dispersion, zeta potential, EE, and LC and remained stable over 90 days of storage at 25 °C/60% RH, whereas at 40 °C/75% RH, BQ-SLN3 observed significant variation in the above-mentioned parameters and remained unstable over 90 days of storage. Meanwhile, the BQ suspension at both 25 °C (60% RH) and 40 °C (75% RH) was found to be stable up to 90 days. The optimized BQ-SLN3 and BQ-suspension were in vitro gastrointestinally stable at pH 1.2 and 6.8, respectively. The in vitro drug release of BQ-SLN3 showed 98.19% up to 12 h at pH 7.2 whereas BQ suspensions observed only 40% drug release up to 4 h at pH 7.2 and maximum drug release of >99% within 4 h at pH 4.0. The mathematical modeling of BQ-SLN3 followed first-order release kinetics followed by a non-Fickian diffusion mechanism. After 24 to 72 h, the IC50 value of BQ-SLN3 was 3.46-fold lower than that of the BQ suspension, whereas the blank SLN observed cell viability of 98.01% and an IC50 of 120 g/mL at the end of 72 h. The bioavailability and higher biodistribution of BQ-SLN3 in the lung tumor were also shown to be greater than those of the BQ suspension. The effects of BQ-SLN3 on antioxidant enzymes, including MDA, SOD, CAT, GSH, and GR, in the treated group were significantly improved and reached the level nearest to that of the control group of rats over the cancer group of rats and the BQ suspension-treated group of rats. Moreover, the pharmacodynamic activity resulted in greater tumor volume and tumor weight reduction by BQ-SLN3 over the BQ suspension-treated group. As far as we are aware, this is the first research to look at the potential of SLN as a repurposed oral drug delivery, and the results suggest that BQ-loaded SLN3 is a better approach for NSCLC due to its better action potential.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Obaid Afzal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; (O.A.); (A.S.A.A.); (M.A.A.)
| | - Abdulmalik Saleh Alfawaz Altamimi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; (O.A.); (A.S.A.A.); (M.A.A.)
| | - Manal A. Alossaimi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; (O.A.); (A.S.A.A.); (M.A.A.)
| | - Waleed H Almalki
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abdulaziz Alzahrani
- Pharmaceuticals Chemistry Department, Faculty of Clinical Pharmacy, Al-Baha University, Alaqiq 65779-7738, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Md. Abul Barkat
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Hafr Al Batin, Hafar Al-Batin 39524, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Tahani M. Almeleebia
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia; (T.M.A.); (E.M.S.)
| | - Hanan Alshareef
- Pharmacy Practice Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Eman M. Shorog
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia; (T.M.A.); (E.M.S.)
| | - Gyas Khan
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Tanuja Singh
- Department of Botany, Patliputra University, Patna 800020, India;
| | - J. K. Singh
- S.S Hospital and Research Institute, Kankarbagh, Patna 800020, India
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Mir Najib Ullah SN, Afzal O, Altamimi ASA, Ather H, Sultana S, Almalki WH, Bharti P, Sahoo A, Dwivedi K, Khan G, Sultana S, Alzahrani A, Rahman M. Nanomedicine in the Management of Alzheimer's Disease: State-of-the-Art. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1752. [PMID: 37371847 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11061752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a deadly, progressive, and irreversible brain condition that impairs cognitive abilities. Globally, it affects 32.6 million individuals, and if no viable therapies are available by 2050, that figure might rise to 139 million. The current course of treatment enhances cognitive abilities and temporarily relieves symptoms, but it does not halt or slow the disease's development. Additionally, treatments are primarily offered in conventional oral dosage forms, and conventional oral treatments lack brain specialization and cause adverse effects, resulting in poor patient compliance. A potential nanotechnology-based strategy can improve the bioavailability and specificity of the drug targeting in the brain. Furthermore, this review extensively summarizes the applications of nanomedicines for the effective delivery of drugs used in the management of AD. In addition, the clinical progress of nanomedicines in AD is also discussed, and the challenges facing the clinical development of nanomedicines are addressed in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Obaid Afzal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Hissana Ather
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaheen Sultana
- IIMT College of Pharmacy, Greater Noida 201310, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Waleed H Almalki
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pragya Bharti
- MM College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be University), Mullana 133207, Haryana, India
| | - Ankit Sahoo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shalom Institute of Health & Allied Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences, Allahabad 211007, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Khusbu Dwivedi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Sambhunath Institute of Pharmacy Jhalwa, Prayagraj 211015, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Gyas Khan
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahnaz Sultana
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz Alzahrani
- Pharmaceuticals Chemistry Department, Faculty of Clinical Pharmacy, Al-Baha University, Alaqiq 65779-7738, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahfoozur Rahman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shalom Institute of Health & Allied Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences, Allahabad 211007, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Khan G, Alam MF, Alshahrani S, Almoshari Y, Jali AM, Alqahtani S, Khalid M, Mir Najib Ullah SN, Anwer T. Trastuzumab-Mediated Cardiotoxicity and Its Preventive Intervention by Zingerone through Antioxidant and Inflammatory Pathway in Rats. J Pers Med 2023; 13:jpm13050750. [PMID: 37240920 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13050750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Trastuzumab (TZB) is a new medicine, used to treat cancers of the breast and stomach. However, the cardiotoxic potential of this drug edges out its clinical advantages. The present study was designed to find out the effect of zingerone against trastuzumab-mediated cardiotoxicity in rats. In this study, five groups of rats with eight animals in each group were used. Group 1 was treated with normal saline, as a normal control (NC); Group 2 was treated with TZB (6 mg/kg/week-for five weeks) intraperitoneally as a toxic control. Groups 3 and 4 were pre-treated with zingerone (50 and 100 mg/kg, as per their body weight orally) along with five doses of TZB for five weeks, and Group 5 was treated with zingerone (100 mg/kg, body weight orally) as a control. TZB treatment showed cardiotoxicity as evidenced by increased levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatine kinase-myocardial band (CK-MB), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and lipid peroxidation (LPO) and decreased level of glutathione (GSH), and antioxidant enzymes such as glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione-s- transferase (GST), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities. Zingerone pre-treatment significantly decreased the levels of AST, CK-MB, LDH, and LPO and increased GSH and antioxidant enzymes content toward their normal level. In the TZB-alone administered group, inflammatory cytokines (IL-2 and TNF-α) levels were also elevated. Pre-treatment with zingerone restored the level of IL-2 and TNF-α toward normal level. The current findings undoubtedly demonstrated zingerone's cardioprotective nature against TZB-mediated cardiotoxicity in rats with the evidence of histopathological recall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyas Khan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Firoz Alam
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saeed Alshahrani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yosif Almoshari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulmajeed M Jali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saud Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Khalid
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 16278, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Tarique Anwer
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
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Alqahtani SM, Altharawi A, Alrobaian M, Almalki WH, Alabbas AB, Ullah SNMN, Singh T, Thajudeen KY, Khan G, Rub RA, Barkat MA, Beg S, Rahman M. UPLC-MS/MS Method Development for Simultaneous Estimation of Diclofenac and Resveratrol-Loaded Liposomal Gel Formulation in Mice Skin Model: Application to Dermatokinetic Study. J Chromatogr Sci 2023; 61:329-338. [PMID: 36644892 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmac109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The current research work describes the development of a simple, fast, sensitive and efficient bioanalytical UPLC/MS-MS method for the simultaneous estimation of diclofenac and resveratrol in mice skin samples. Quetiapine was used as an internal standard (IS). Analytical separation was performed on ACQUITY UPLC C18 Column (2.1 × 100 mm; 1.7 μm) using ammonium acetate (5 mM) in water and methanol (B) with isocratic elution at ratio of (50, 50 v/v) and flow rate of 0.4 mL/min. The duration of separation was maintained for 3 min. Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry in a positive and negative ionization mode was used for detection. Selective ion mode monitoring was used for the quantification of m/z 296.025> 249.93 for diclofenac, m/z 229.09 > 143.03 for resveratrol and MRM/ES+ve mode applied in m/z 384.25> 253.189 for IS transitions from parent to daughter ion. The lower detection and quantification limits were accomplished, and precision (repeatability and intermediate precision) with a coefficient of variation below 10% produced satisfactory results. The developed bioanalytical method was found to be useful for its suitability for the dermatokinetic evaluation of treatments through rat skin. Improvement in AUC (1.58-fold for diclofenac and 1.60-fold for resveratrol) and t1/2 in the dermis (2.13 for diclofenac and 2.21-fold for resveratrol) followed by epidermis was observed for diclofenac and resveratrol-loaded liposomal gel formulation over the conventional gel. Overall, the developed method for the dermatokinetic studies of the above-mentioned dual drugs-loaded liposome gel was found to be reproducible and effective for bioanalytical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safar M Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Altharawi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majed Alrobaian
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed H Almalki
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24382, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alhumaidi B Alabbas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Tanuja Singh
- University Department of Botany, Patliputra University, Patna, Bihar 800020, India
| | | | - Gyas Khan
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, KSA
| | - Rehan A Rub
- Department of Pharmaceutics,School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Nanomedicine Research Lab, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Md Abul Barkat
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy,University of Hafr Al Batin, Hafar Al Batin 39524, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarwar Beg
- Department of Pharmaceutics,School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Nanomedicine Research Lab, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Mahfoozur Rahman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shalom Institute of Health and Allied Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Allahabad 211007, India
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7
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Chuong M, Kirsch C, Herrera R, Rubens M, Gungor G, Schaff E, Dolan J, Kim J, Mittauer K, Kotecha R, Gutierrez A, Doemer A, Ugurluer G, Kwon D, Khan G, Alvarez D, Ucar A, Asbun H, Ozyar E, Parikh P. Long-Term Multi-Institutional Outcomes of 5-Fraction Ablative Stereotactic MR-Guided Adaptive Radiation Therapy (SMART) for Inoperable Pancreas Cancer With Median Prescribed Biologically Effective Dose of 100 Gy10. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2021.07.330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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8
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Anwer T, Alkarbi ZA, Hassan Najmi A, Alshahrani S, Siddiqui R, Khan G, Firoz Alam M. Modulatory effect of zingerone against STZ-nicotinamide induced type-2 diabetes mellitus in rats. Arch Physiol Biochem 2021; 127:304-310. [PMID: 31389247 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2019.1637436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this research was to explore the role of zingerone on hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, insulin level, oxidative biochemical markers and histological alterations in β-cells of type-2 diabetic rats. The outcome of this study illustrates reduction in glucose and insulin levels significantly in zingerone-treated diabetic groups. Lipid parameters were resumed to normal in zingerone-treated diabetic group as demonstrated by significant reduction in triglycerides, cholesterols (total, low-density and very low-density) levels along with significant increase high-density cholesterols levels. Zingerone-treated diabetic groups exhibited significant reduction in LPO levels and restoration of GSH contents. Administration of zingerone to treated diabetic groups indicated improvement in antioxidant enzymes (GPx, GR, GST, SOD and CAT). Administration of zingerone to treated diabetic groups minimized degeneration of pancreatic β-cells as witnessed from histopathological studies. Our results demonstrate that zingerone modulates hyperglycaemia, hyperlipidaemia, oxidative biochemical markers and degenerative changes in β-cells of treated diabetic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarique Anwer
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Gizan, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Saeed Alshahrani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Gizan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rahimullah Siddiqui
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Gizan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gyas Khan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Gizan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Firoz Alam
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Gizan, Saudi Arabia
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Alshahrani S, Anwer T, Alam MF, Ahmed RA, Khan G, Sivakumar SM, Shoaib A, Alam P, Azam F. Effect of thymoquinone on high fat diet and STZ-induced experimental type 2 diabetes: A mechanistic insight by in vivo and in silico studies. J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e13807. [PMID: 34152002 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim was to investigate whether thymoquinone (TQ) attenuates hyperglycemia-induced insulin resistance in experimental type 2 diabetes. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) was induced by injection of streptozotocin (STZ, 40 mg/kg) in high fat diet (HFD) rats. The levels of glucose, insulin, area under curve (AUC) of glucose, lipid profile parameters, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ), and dipeptidyl peptidase peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) were evaluated in HFD + STZ-induced type 2 diabetic rats. TQ treatment significantly reduced elevated levels of glucose, AUC of glucose, insulin, and DPP-IV in diabetic-treated groups. In addition, TQ treatment significantly reduced high levels of triglycerides (TG) and cholesterols (total, low-density and very low-density lipoprotein) accompanied by significant augmentation in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels in diabetic-treated groups. However, TQ treatment significantly improved insulin sensitivity in diabetic-treated groups, which was confirmed by increased level of PPARγ and decreased level of HOMA-IR. Molecular docking of TQ exhibited substantial binding affinity with PPARγ and DPP-IV target proteins, which is supported by in vivo results. These results demonstrate that TQ attenuates hyperglycemia-induced insulin resistance by counteracting hyperinsulinemia, improving lipid profile, insulin sensitivity, and inhibiting DPP-IV. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: T2DM results in relentless hyperglycemia which eventually progress to a state of insulin resistance. TQ is an active principle compound found in Nigella sative seed, having myriad of traditional medicinal values. Administration of TQ significantly prevented hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, hyperlipidemia, insulin resistance, and inhibited DPP-IV in experimental type 2 diabetes. The in vivo results are also supported by molecular docking study of PPARγ and DPP-IV target proteins. Thus, we hypothesize that TQ can be used as an alternative natural drug in the management of hyperglycemia-induced insulin resistance in T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Alshahrani
- Pharmacology & Toxicology Department, Pharmacy College, Jazan University, Gizan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tarique Anwer
- Pharmacology & Toxicology Department, Pharmacy College, Jazan University, Gizan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Firoz Alam
- Pharmacology & Toxicology Department, Pharmacy College, Jazan University, Gizan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rayan A Ahmed
- Pharmacology & Toxicology Department, Pharmacy College, Jazan University, Gizan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gyas Khan
- Pharmacology & Toxicology Department, Pharmacy College, Jazan University, Gizan, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ambreen Shoaib
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Pharmacy College, Jazan University, Gizan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Prawez Alam
- Pharmacognosy Department, Pharmacy College, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faizul Azam
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry & Pharmacognosy Department, Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Unaizah, Saudi Arabia
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Singh VK, Rathore KS, Khan G, Rahim A, Rashid A, Chauhan S. Clinical and Radiological Study of Serum Fluoride in Relation to Knee Osteoarthritis. Malays Orthop J 2021; 14:151-154. [PMID: 33403076 PMCID: PMC7751991 DOI: 10.5704/moj.2011.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Fluorosis has been associated with an increased risk of degenerative changes in the knee. Multiple studies have found an association between arthritis and elevated fluoride levels. We aim to delineate if elevated fluoride level has any direct correlation with the degree of radiological grading and clinical symptoms in knee arthritis. Materials and Methods A cross-sectional study of 80 knee arthritis patients was conducted from February 2017 to April 2018. Serum fluoride levels were measured and patient's pain scores, WOMAC scores and radiological grading were correlated with the elevated fluoride levels. Results In our study, 30 out of 80 patients had increased serum fluoride level. Statistically significant differences were noted in VAS score, WOMAC score and Kellgren and Lawrence radiological grades between patients with normal serum fluoride level and those with elevated fluoride level. Conclusion There is an increased risk of knee arthritis in patients with elevated blood fluoride levels and patients with increased fluoride levels are associated with more severe symptoms and radiographic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- V K Singh
- Department of Orthopaedics, NIMS Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur, India
| | - K S Rathore
- Department of Orthopaedics, NIMS Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur, India
| | - G Khan
- Department of Orthopaedics, NIMS Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur, India
| | - A Rahim
- Department of Orthopaedics, NIMS Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur, India
| | - A Rashid
- Department of Orthopaedics, NIMS Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur, India
| | - S Chauhan
- Department of Orthopaedics, NIMS Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur, India
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Schaff E, Gartrelle K, Kirsch C, Siddiqui F, Ajlouni M, Dragovic J, Aref I, Shah M, Kwon D, Dobrosotskaya I, Shah R, Khan G, Parikh P. Magnetic Resonance Guided Stereotactic Ablative Radiation Therapy Versus External Beam RT with Chemotherapy For Pancreatic Cancer: Single Institution Toxicity Analysis Of Patients Treated In An Urban Academic Center. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.07.1789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Yu K, Hendifar A, Alese O, Draper A, Abdelrahim M, Burns E, Khan G, Cockrum P, Bhak R, Nguyen C, DerSarkissian M, Duh M, Bahary N. 1555P Real-world treatment patterns and effectiveness of liposomal irinotecan in a NAPOLI1-based regimen among patients with metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (mPDAC): A multi-academic center chart review. Ann Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.08.2038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Elkaryoni A, Thakker J, Barakat AF, Ellakany K, Khan G, Elkafrawy A, Younis M. P2668Causes and predictors of 30 and 90 days readmission after cardiac arrest: insights from the nationwide readmission database. Eur Heart J 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz748.0986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Cardiac arrest (CA) is a lethal condition with high public health burden and grave long-term implications. We aimed to evaluate the rate and predictors of readmission after CA
Methods
We used the Nationwide Readmission Database 2014 to determine patient with index admission CA by using relevant ICD-9 codes. We excluded patients <18 years and admissions in October, November, and December to allow 90 days readmission follow up. We evaluated rates and causes of 30 and 90 days readmission. We investigated disposition options for CA survivors and rates of readmissions. Multivariable analysis was done for relevant variables to demonstrated predictors of readmission.
Results
A total cohort of 71,780 patients suffered CA and survived to hospital discharge. Mean age was 63.9±15 years and 61.3% were males. Mean length of stay was 14.2±18.3 days, primary payer was Medicare 58%, 42.2% were discharged home, 33% to skilled nursing/intermediate care facility, 18.5% to home with home health services, 5% to short term hospital, and 0.8% left against medical advice (AMA). All-cause 30 and 90 days readmission rates were 18% and 28.9%, respectively. According to each disposition group 30/90 days readmission rates were; home 13.6/23%, facility 22/35.7%, home health 21/31.9%, short term hospital 16.8/24.1%, and 33.7/42.4% left AMA. The most common causes of readmission at 30 and 90 days were congestive heart failure and infection (11% each). CA on readmission was 1.5% at 30 and 90 days. The most common predictors of readmission were CHF odds ratio (OR) 1.3, (95% CI: 1.3–1.4; P<0.001), renal failure OR 1.7, (95% CI: 1.7–1.8; P<0.001), chronic lung disease OR 1.3, (95% CI: 1.2–1.; P<0.001), and depression OR 1.1 (95% CI: 1.1–1.2; P<0.001).
Conclusion
Readmissions are common at 30 and 90 days in CA survivors and are associated with high cost. CHF and infection are the most common causes of 30 and 90-day readmission, while renal failure is the strongest predictor of readmission after adjusting for unbalanced covariates. Discharge to home was the most common disposition, and had the lowest rate for readmission. Leaving AMA had the highest rate of readmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Elkaryoni
- University of Missouri - Kansas City, Kansas City, United States of America
| | - J Thakker
- University of Missouri - Kansas City, Kansas City, United States of America
| | - A F Barakat
- University of Pittsburgh, Cardiovascular Disease, Pittsburgh, United States of America
| | - K Ellakany
- Alexandria University, Cardiovascular Disease, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - G Khan
- University of Missouri - Kansas City, Kansas City, United States of America
| | - A Elkafrawy
- University of Missouri - Kansas City, Kansas City, United States of America
| | - M Younis
- University of Missouri - Kansas City, Kansas City, United States of America
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Safhi MM, Qumayri HM, Masmali AUM, Siddiqui R, Alam MF, Khan G, Anwer T. Thymoquinone and fluoxetine alleviate depression via attenuating oxidative damage and inflammatory markers in type-2 diabetic rats. Arch Physiol Biochem 2019; 125:150-155. [PMID: 29482373 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2018.1443141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The study was designed to find out the effect of thymoquinone (TQ) alone and combination of TQ + fluoxetine in depression of type-2 diabetic rats. Glucose level was significantly decreased in TQ alone treated group, whereas no significant change was recorded when TQ was combined with fluoxetine. Administration of TQ alone and combination of TQ and fluoxetine significantly decreased immobility time, increased latency to immobility and increased locomotor activity. Treatment with TQ alone significantly decreased level of TBARS, increased GSH and restored the activities of antioxidant enzymes (GPx, GR & CAT). However, TQ and fluoxetine combination reduced TBARS level, increased GSH content but no change in the antioxidant enzymes activities. Inflammatory markers (IL-1β, IL-6 & TNF-α) levels were significantly reduced after the administration of TQ alone and TQ + fluoxetine. The study suggests that combination of TQ and fluoxetine can be used to control depression in type-2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed M Safhi
- a Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology , College of Pharmacy, Jazan University , Gizan , K.S.A
| | | | | | - Rahimullah Siddiqui
- a Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology , College of Pharmacy, Jazan University , Gizan , K.S.A
| | - Mohammad Firoz Alam
- a Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology , College of Pharmacy, Jazan University , Gizan , K.S.A
| | - Gyas Khan
- a Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology , College of Pharmacy, Jazan University , Gizan , K.S.A
| | - Tarique Anwer
- a Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology , College of Pharmacy, Jazan University , Gizan , K.S.A
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Siddique M, Jatoi AS, Rajput MH, Soomro SA, Aziz S, Mushtaq F, Khan G, Abro MA, Khan MN, Shah AK, Sami SK. Potential Effect of Sugar Mill waste water as Substrate for Bio-Electricity Generation using Laboratory Scale Double Chamber Microbial Fuel Cell. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1088/1757-899x/414/1/012038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Safhi MM, Anwer T, Khan G, Siddiqui R, Moni Sivakumar S, Alam MF. The combination of canagliflozin and omega-3 fatty acid ameliorates insulin resistance and cardiac biomarkers via modulation of inflammatory cytokines in type 2 diabetic rats. Korean J Physiol Pharmacol 2018; 22:493-501. [PMID: 30181696 PMCID: PMC6115352 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2018.22.5.493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 01/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The present study was carried out with the hypothesis that combination of canagliflozin and omega-3 fatty acid may have potential effect on insulin level, insulin resistance, cardiac biomarkers, inflammatory cytokines and histological studies in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Type 2 DM was induced by injecting nicotinamide (120 mg/kg, i.p.) 15 min before STZ (60 mg/kg) injection. Canagliflozin (5 and 10 mg/kg) and omega-3 fatty acid (300 mg/kg) were given for 28 days after confirmation of diabetes. Biochemical estimations revealed elevated levels of glucose, insulin, HOMA-R and inflammatory cytokines in diabetic group. Daily dosing of alone canagliflozin and omega-3 fatty acid slightly reduced elevated levels of glucose, insulin, HOMA-R and inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-2, and TNFα), whereas canagliflozin and omega-3 fatty acid combination has reduced these biochemical parameters significantly when compared with diabetic group. Similarly in diabetic group the levels of cardiac biomarkers such as lipid profile, LDH, CKMB and troponin were significantly increased. Elevated levels of cardiac biomarkers were significantly reduced after daily dosing of alone canagliflozin and omega-3 fatty acid. Canagliflozin and omega-3 fatty acid combination has offered better improvement in cardiac biomarkers compared to alone canagliflozin and omega-3 fatty acid. Histopathological analysis also supported the above hypothesis that combination therapy (canagliflozin and omega-3 fatty acid) offered better protection against degenerative changes in β-cells of pancreas as compared to alone treatment with these drugs. Thus the present study revealed that canagliflozin and omega-3 fatty acid can be used as potential combination therapy in type 2 DM along with cardiac complication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Mohsen Safhi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Gizan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tarique Anwer
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Gizan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gyas Khan
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Gizan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rahimullah Siddiqui
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Gizan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mohammad Firoz Alam
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Gizan 45142, Saudi Arabia
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Alam MF, Safhi MM, Anwer T, Siddiqui R, Khan G, Moni SS. Therapeutic potential of Vanillylacetone against CCl 4 induced hepatotoxicity by suppressing the serum marker, oxidative stress, inflammatory cytokines and apoptosis in Swiss albino mice. Exp Mol Pathol 2018; 105:81-88. [PMID: 29909158 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this research was to investigate the therapeutic potential of Vanillylacetone against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced hepatotoxicity in mice through understanding the serum marker, oxidative stress mechanism and cytokine networks. Carbon tetrachloride is highly hepatotoxic used as research based on animal model. The mice were classified into five groups and each had eight mice. Group-I was controlled and the vehicle was given orally. Group-II was toxic and carbon tetrachloride (1.5 ml/kg) twice a week for 15 days was administered by intra-peritoneal injections. Group- III and IV were pre-treated with Vanillylacetone 50 & 100 mg kg-1 body weight given every day p.o. while, Group-V received only Vanillylacetone (100 mg kg-1 body weight) for 15 days orally. The finding indicates that the administration of CCl4 causes significant elevation of enzyme markers, oxidative stress, inflammatory cytokine and apoptotic markers in Group-II as compared to Group-I. The administration of Vanillylacetone (50 and100 mg kg-1) significantly suppresses the elevated serum enzymes, oxidative stress (TBARS), an inflammatory cytokine (IL2 and TNFα) and apoptotic markers (Caspase-3 and 9) in Group-III and IV as compared to Group-II. It was also noticed that the higher dose of Vanillylacetone (100 mg) is more effective than lower dose of Vanillylacetone (50 mg). There were no significant changes observed with higher dose of Vanillylacetone (100 mg kg-1) in Group-V as compared to Group-I. Histopathological analysis also supported the above findings. Overall, this results shows that Vanillylacetone has a good antioxidant and therapeutic properties which can help in preventing the chemically (CCl4) induced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Firoz Alam
- Neuroscience and Toxicology Unit, Pharmacology & Toxicology Department, Pharmacy College, Jazan University, Gizan, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohammed M Safhi
- Neuroscience and Toxicology Unit, Pharmacology & Toxicology Department, Pharmacy College, Jazan University, Gizan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tarique Anwer
- Neuroscience and Toxicology Unit, Pharmacology & Toxicology Department, Pharmacy College, Jazan University, Gizan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rahimullah Siddiqui
- Neuroscience and Toxicology Unit, Pharmacology & Toxicology Department, Pharmacy College, Jazan University, Gizan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gyas Khan
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Pharmaceutics Department, Pharmacy College, Jazan University, Gizan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sivakumar Sivagurunathan Moni
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Pharmaceutics Department, Pharmacy College, Jazan University, Gizan, Saudi Arabia
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Khan G, Alam I, Bhagat S. P281Extracellular RNA is the novel player in hypoxic Stress induced myocardial injury. Cardiovasc Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvy060.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- G Khan
- Fiji School of Medicin, Physiology, Suva, Fiji
| | - I Alam
- Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), Physiology, New Delhi, India
| | - S Bhagat
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Physiology, New Delhi, India
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Damarla V, Dobrosotskaya D, Siddiqui F, Wollner I, Raoufi M, Li J, Kwon D, Khan G. Neoadjuvant phase II trial of chemo-radiotherapy (CRT) in patients with resectable (R) and borderline resectable (BR) pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA). Eur J Cancer 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2018.01.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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20
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Laidlaw J, Bentham P, Khan G, Staples V, Dhariwal A, Coope B, Day E, Fear C, Marley C, Stemman J. A comparison of stimulus dosing methods for electroconvulsive therapy. Psychiatr bull 2018. [DOI: 10.1192/pb.24.5.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Aims and MethodsA prospective study comparing initial electroconvulsive therapy treatment doses determined by empirical dose titration with estimates derived from two simple dose prediction methods and a fixed-dose regimen (275 mC).ResultsThirty-three patients had seizure thresholds between 25 mC and 403 mC. The dose titration method led to a mean initial treatment dose of 195 mC that was intermediate between those predicted by the age method (275 mC) and the half-age method (137 mC). Estimates were within acceptable limits in 33% of cases for the age method, 64% for the half-age method and 40% for the fixed-dose method.Clinical ImplicationsEither dose prediction or dose titration methods may be more appropriate in different clinical situations. The half-age method appears to be a more accurate predictor of optimum initial treatment dose.
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Dhakal A, Adhikari P, Khan G, Gautam A. Patterns of superior articular facet and morphometric study of Nepalese dry Calcanei. Sanamed 2018. [DOI: 10.24125/sanamed.v13i1.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The three important articulating facets in the superior aspect of the calcaneum are the anterior, middle and posterior articulating facet. Descriptions of the posterior talar facet on the dorsum of the calcaneus are similar. However, there are differences when facet for the head of the talus on the calcaneus is considered. Four types (pattern I, II, III, IV) of calcaneus having different talar facets are reported in the literature. Objective: This study aims to describe the calcaneal bone by measuring its dimensions and determining the variations of talar articulating facet. Materials and methods: Overall 142 calcanei (68 right, 74 left) with unidentified gender, were assessed. Vernier calipers and Goniometry were used. Results: In this study Type I calcaneus (56.34 %) was the most prevalent type with Type II calcaneus (42.25 %) as the second most common type followed by Type IV (1.41 %) as the third frequently found pattern of calcaneus. Conclusion: Type I calcaneus was the most frequent type in the Nepalese showing similarity to the results of the studies performed in Spanish, American, African and various Indian population. Bohler's angle of the right and left calcanei was 34.92° ± 8.09° and 35.4° ± 7.30° respectively. Development of database of calcaneal measurements in various populations is recommended.
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Mthembu J, Mabaso M, Khan G, Simbayi L. Prevalence of psychological distress and its association with socio-demographic and HIV-risk factors in South Africa: Findings of the 2012 HIV prevalence, incidence and behaviour survey. SSM Popul Health 2017; 3:658-662. [PMID: 29349254 PMCID: PMC5769074 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2017.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In South Africa, there are limited nationally representative data on the prevalence and factors associated with psychological distress. This study used a 2012 nationally representative population-based household survey to investigate factors associated with psychological distress in South Africa. METHODS The survey is based on a multistage stratified cross-sectional design. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were fitted to identify factors associated with psychological distress. RESULTS Out of a total 25860 participants, 23.9% reported psychological distress. Higher likelihood of reporting psychological distress was significantly associated with being female [OR = 1.68 (95% CI: 1.34-2.10), p < 0.001], aged 25 to 49 years [OR = 1.35 (95% CI: 1.08-1.70), p = 0.010] and 50 years and older [OR = 1.44 (95% CI: 1.06-1.97), p = 0.023)], Black Africans [OR = 1.61 (95% CI: 1.24-2.10), p < 0.001)], a high risk drinker [OR = 1.37 (95% CI: 1.02-1.83), p = 0.037], a hazardous drinker [OR = 4.76 (95% CI: 2.69-8.42), p < 0.001] and HIV positive, [OR = 1.79 (95% CI:1.55-2.08) p < 0.001], while lower likelihood of reporting psychological distress was significantly associated with being married [OR = 0.78 (95% CI: 0.62-0.98), p = 0.031), employed [OR = 0.71 (95% CI: 0.57-0.88), p = 0.002], and living in a rural formal area [OR = 0.73 (95% CI: 0.55-0.97), p = 0.033]. CONCLUSION There is a need to develop strategies to alleviate psychological distress in the general population, with a particular focus on those who may be more vulnerable to distress such as females, the aged, excessive alcohol users, the unemployed, people living with HIV and those residing in urban areas as identified in the current findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- J.C. Mthembu
- HIV/AIDS, STIs and TB Unit, Human Sciences Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - M.L.H. Mabaso
- HIV/AIDS, STIs and TB Unit, Human Sciences Research Council, Durban, South Africa
| | - G. Khan
- Population Health, Health Systems and Innovation, Human Sciences Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - L.C. Simbayi
- DCEO-Research, Human Sciences Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa
- Department of Psychiatry & Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Anwer T, Sharma M, Khan G, Alam MF, Alam N, Ali MS, Alam MS. Preventive role of Withania somnifera on hyperlipidemia and cardiac oxidative stress in streptozotocin induced type 2 diabetic rats. TROP J PHARM RES 2017. [DOI: 10.4314/tjpr.v16i1.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Khan G, Hassani A. Presence of Epstein-Barr virus in gastric adenocarcinoma in Indian patients. Indian J Med Microbiol 2016; 34:407-8. [PMID: 27514983 DOI: 10.4103/0255-0857.176850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G Khan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - A Hassani
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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Mthembu JC, Khan G, Mabaso MLH, Simbayi LC. Intimate partner violence as a factor associated with risky sexual behaviours and alcohol misuse amongst men in South Africa. AIDS Care 2016; 28:1132-7. [PMID: 26924767 DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2016.1146216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Globally intimate partner violence (IPV) is a public health problem that can be perpetrated by both males and females, although males are more likely to inflict severe IPV-related injuries on their female partners. In low- and middle-income countries like South Africa, few studies have conducted research to determine whether IPV perpetration by men may be a risk factor for engaging in other risk behaviours. The aim of this study is to determine whether IPV perpetration by men is a risk factor for engaging in other risk behaviours with a particular focus on risky sexual behaviours and alcohol misuse. The data for this study were drawn from a multilevel intervention study, which addressed the nexus of alcohol abuse and HIV prevention among men in South Africa. Men were screened and recruited from informal drinking places within 12 communities situated in one of the oldest, predominantly Xhosa-speaking African townships in Cape Town. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to analyse the associations between IVP and potential explanatory variables. Of the 975 men included in the survey, 39.9% reported to have been involved in Intimate Partner Violence. IPV perpetration was significantly more likely among men who reported having a child [OR 1.51 (1.07-2.14) p = .019], having a casual sexual partner [OR 1.51 (1.11-2.05) p = .008], and those with possible alcohol dependence [OR 3.46 (1.17-10.20) p = .024]. IPV was significantly less likely among men with matric educational qualification than those with no education [OR 0.30 (95% CI: 0.09-1.02) p = .053] and among those who reported using a condom at last sex [OR 0.69 (0.50-0.97) p = .034]. We therefore recommend that interventions aimed at reducing IPV need to address risky sexual and drinking behaviours amongst men simultaneously, while also focusing on intimate relationship power dynamics and gendered norms amongst couples.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Mthembu
- a HIV/AIDS, STIs and TB Unit, Human Sciences Research Council , Pretoria , South Africa
| | - G Khan
- b Population Health, Health Systems and Innovation, Human Sciences Research Council , Pretoria , South Africa
| | - M L H Mabaso
- a HIV/AIDS, STIs and TB Unit, Human Sciences Research Council , Pretoria , South Africa
| | - L C Simbayi
- a HIV/AIDS, STIs and TB Unit, Human Sciences Research Council , Pretoria , South Africa.,c Department of Psychiatry & Mental Health , University of Cape Town , Cape Town , South Africa
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Abdullah-Al-Mamun M, Rahman M, Khan G, Uddin M, Razzaque S, Foisal J, Hasanuzzaman M, Rahman S, Alam M. A Morphological Study of Microfibrillated Cellulose Prepared from Waste Cotton Linter. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.9734/acsj/2016/27903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Zhang FQ, Lei SY, Gao QB, Khan G, Xing R, Yang HL, Chen SL. Isolation of microsatellite loci for Rhodiola alsia (Crassulaceae), an important ethno-medicinal herb endemic to the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau. Genet Mol Res 2015; 14:5266-9. [PMID: 26125721 DOI: 10.4238/2015.may.18.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Rhodiola alsia, which has been used widely in traditional Chinese medicine for a considerable time, grows on moist habitats at high altitude near the snow line. Microsatellite loci were developed for R. alsia to investigate its population genetics. In total, 17 polymorphic microsatellites were developed based on ESTs from the Illumina HiSeq(TM) 2000 platform. The microsatellite loci were checked for variability using 80 individuals of R. alsia sampled from four locations on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The total number of alleles per locus ranged from 10 to 20, and the observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.000 to 1.000. The null allele frequency ranged from 0.000 to 0.324. These microsatellites are expected to be helpful in future studies of population genetics in R. alsia and related species.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Q Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - S Y Lei
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China
| | - Q B Gao
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China
| | - G Khan
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China
| | - R Xing
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China
| | - H L Yang
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China
| | - S L Chen
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China
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Khan G, Haque SE, Anwer T, Ahsan MN, Safhi MM, Alam MF. Cardioprotective effect of green tea extract on doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in rats. Acta Pol Pharm 2014; 71:861-868. [PMID: 25362815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The in vivo antioxidant properties of green tea extract (GTE) were investigated against doxorubicin (DOX) induced cardiotoxicity in rats. In this experiment, 48 Wistar albino rats (200-250 g) were divided into eight groups (n = 6). Control group received normal saline for 30 days. Cardiotoxicity was induced by DOX (20 mg/kg ip.), once on 29th day of study and were treated with GTE (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg, p.o.) for 30 days. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatinine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), lipid peroxidation (LPO), cytochrome P450 (CYP), blood glutathione, tissue glutathione, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants were evaluated along with histopathological studies. DOX treated rats showed a significant increased levels of AST, CK, LDH, LPO and CYP, which were restored by oral administration of GTE at doses 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg for 30 days. Moreover, GTE administration significantly increased the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione s-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), in heart, which were reduced by DOX treatment. In this study, we have found that oral administration of GTE prevented DOX-induced cardiotoxicity by accelerating heart antioxidant defense mechanisms and down regulating the LPO levels to the normal levels.
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Singh B, Biswas I, Sharma M, Khan G. C0392: Hypoxia Induced Von Willebrand Factor Upregulation is Mediated Through Toll Like Receptor 2-MyD88-Stimulatory Protein 1 Dependent Pathway. Thromb Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0049-3848(14)50109-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Khan G, Kafle D, Yadav S, Shrestha O, Dhakal A, Yadav S, Guha R. Variation in brachial plexus formation, branching pattern and relation with major vessels. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.5455/2320-6012.ijrms20141165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Anwer T, Sharma M, Khan G, Iqbal M, Ali MS, Alam MS, Safhi MM, Gupta N. Rhus coriaria ameliorates insulin resistance in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) rats. Acta Pol Pharm 2013; 70:861-867. [PMID: 24147364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We have investigated the effect of methanolic extract of Rhus coriaria (RC) on hyperinsulinemia, glucose intolerance and insulin sensitivity in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) rats. NIDDM was induced by single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ, 100 mg/kg) to 2 days old rat pups. RC (200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg) was administered orally once a day for 5 weeks after the animals were confirmed diabetic (i.e, 90 days after STZ injection). A group of citrate control rats were also maintained which has received citrate buffer on the 2nd day of their birth. There was a significant increase in blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and serum insulin levels were observed in NIDDM control rats. Treatment with RC reduced the elevated levels of blood glucose, HbA1c and insulin in the NIDDM rats. An oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was also performed in the same groups, in which we found a significant improvement in glucose tolerance in the rats treated with RC. The insulin sensitivity was assessed for both peripheral insulin resistance and hepatic insulin resistance. RC treatment significantly improved insulin sensitivity index (K(ITT)) which was significantly decreased in NIDDM control rats. There was significant rise in homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-R) in NIDDM control rats whereas RC treatment significantly prevented the rise in HOMA-R in NIDDM treated rats. Our data suggest that methanolic extract of RC significantly delayed the onset of hyperinsulinemia and glucose intolerance and improved insulin sensitivity in NIDDM rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarique Anwer
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, (Hamdard Nagar), New Delhi-110 062, India.
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Lam P, Khan G, Stripecke R, Hui KM, Kasahara N, Peng KW, Guinn BA. The innovative evolution of cancer gene and cellular therapies. Cancer Gene Ther 2013; 20:141-9. [PMID: 23370333 DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2012.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We provide an overview of the latest developments in cancer gene therapy--from the bench to early-stage clinical trials. We describe the most recent work of worldwide teams including experienced scientists and clinicians, reflecting the recent emergence of gene therapy from the 'Valley of Death'. The treatment efficacy of clinical gene therapy has now been shown in a number of diseases including cancer and we are observing a renewed interest by big pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies most obviously demonstrated by Amgen's acquisition of Biovex for up to USD$1 billion. There is an opportunity to be cautiously hopeful regarding the future of gene therapy in the clinic and we review here some of the most recent progress in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Lam
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, National Cancer Centre, Singapore, Singapore
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Anwer T, Sharma M, Pillai KK, Khan G. Protective effect of Withania somnifera against oxidative stress and pancreatic beta-cell damage in type 2 diabetic rats. Acta Pol Pharm 2012; 69:1095-1101. [PMID: 23285670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of Withania somnifera (WS) on lipid peroxidation (LPO), activities of both non-enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidants and histopathological examination of pancreas in type 2 diabetic rats. Type 2 diabetes was induced by single intraperitoneal injection of STZ (100 mg/kg) to 2 days old rat pups. Oxidative stress was measured by tissue LPO levels, reduced glutathione (GSH) contents and by enzymatic activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). Administration of WS to type 2 diabetic rats caused a significant decrease in blood glucose and tissue LPO levels with significant increase in GSH contents when compared with the type 2 diabetic control rats. In addition, WS treated rats also showed a significant increase in the activities of antioxidant enzymes namely GPx, GR, GST, SOD and CAT when compared with type 2 diabetic control rats. Significant reduction in the number and size of pancreatic beta-cells were preserved to near normal morphology by the administration of WS in type 2 diabetic rats as evident from histopathological examination. The results obtained clearly indicate that WS has shown strong free radical scavenging activity and helped in improving the non-enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidants in type 2 diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarique Anwer
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110062, India.
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Meier UC, Giovannoni G, Tzartos JS, Khan G. Translational Mini-Review Series on B cell subsets in disease. B cells in multiple sclerosis: drivers of disease pathogenesis and Trojan horse for Epstein-Barr virus entry to the central nervous system? Clin Exp Immunol 2012; 167:1-6. [PMID: 22132878 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2011.04446.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent success of therapies directed at B cells has highlighted their potential as central players in multiple sclerosis (MS) pathogenesis. Exciting new data showed that B cell depletion led to reduced clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) evidence of disease activity. However, the mechanisms of action remain unknown, but could involve autoantibody production, antigen presentation and/or cytokine production by B cells. Another exciting line of investigation in the field of MS comes from latent infection of memory B cells by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). These cells are hijacked as 'Trojan horses' and 'smuggle' the virus into the central nervous system (CNS). Thus, these new anti B cell treatments will also be likely to have anti-viral effects. We briefly review recent findings in the field of MS pathogenesis, and highlight promising new targets for therapeutic intervention in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- U-C Meier
- Neuroimmunology Group, Centre for Neuroscience and Trauma, Blizard Institute of Cell and Molecular Science, Queen Mary University London, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK.
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Tzartos JS, Khan G, Vossenkamper A, Cruz-Sadaba M, Lonardi S, Sefia E, Meager A, Elia A, Middeldorp JM, Clemens M, Farrell PJ, Giovannoni G, Meier UC. Association of innate immune activation with latent Epstein-Barr virus in active MS lesions. Neurology 2011; 78:15-23. [PMID: 22156987 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0b013e31823ed057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether the activation of innate immune responses, which can be elicited by pathogenic and endogenous triggers, is associated with the presence of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection in the multiple sclerosis (MS) brain. METHODS White matter postmortem MS (n = 10) and control tissue (n = 11) was analyzed for the expression of the proinflammatory cytokine interferon α (IFNα) by immunohistochemistry and for EBV by using the highly sensitive method of EBV-encoded RNA (EBER) in situ hybridization. RESULTS We detected overexpression of IFNα in active areas of white matter MS lesions but not in inactive MS lesions, normal-appearing white matter, or normal brains. The presence of IFNα in macrophages and microglia (expressing human leukocyte antigen class II) is suggestive of local production as part of an acute inflammatory process. Interestingly, EBERs were also specifically detected in areas where IFNα was overexpressed in these preselected active MS lesions. EBER+ cells were also found in CNS lymphoma and stroke cases, but were absent in other control brains. We next addressed a potential mechanism, e.g., the role of EBERs in eliciting IFNα production, and transfected EBERs into human embryonic kidney (HEK) cells. We used HEK cells that stably expressed Toll-like receptor-3, which recognizes double-stranded RNAs, associated with many viral infections. EBERs elicited IFNα production in vitro. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that latent EBV infection may contribute to the inflammatory milieu in active MS lesions by activating innate immune responses, e.g., IFNα production. Unraveling the underlying mechanisms may help in uncovering causal pathways and developing better treatment strategies for MS and other neuroinflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Tzartos
- Department of Neuropathology, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, UK
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Ben-Josef E, Schipper M, Francis I, Khan G, Hadley S, Lawrence T, Simeone D, Abrams R, Sonnenday C, Zalupski M. Phase I/II Radiation Dose-Escalation Trial of Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy (IMRT) with Concurrent Fixed Dose-Rate Gemcitabine (FDR-G) for Unresectable Pancreatic Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2011.06.263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Khan G, Treacy A, Garvey JP, Png B, Walshe J, Leader M, Byrne P. Ovarian inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour fistulating on to the anterior abdominal wall. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2010; 30:74-6. [PMID: 20121520 DOI: 10.3109/01443610903315637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G Khan
- Departments of Gynaecology, Beaumont Hospital, Beaumont, Dublin, Ireland.
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Khan G, Golshayan A, Elson P, Wood L, Garcia J, Bukowski R, Rini B. Sunitinib and sorafenib in metastatic renal cell carcinoma patients with renal insufficiency. Ann Oncol 2010; 21:1618-1622. [PMID: 20089567 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdp603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although clinical trials with sunitinib and sorafenib in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) have included patients with moderate renal insufficiency (RI), the incidence of renal toxicity induced by their administration as well as the safety of these agents in patients with more severe renal insufficiency has not been extensively reported. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with mRCC treated with vascular endothelial growth factor-targeted therapy with either RI at time of treatment initiation or who developed RI during therapy were identified. RI was defined as serum creatinine (Cr) > or = 1.9 mg/dl or a creatinine clearance (CrCl) < 60 ml/min/1.73 m(2) for >3 months before treatment. Objective outcomes and toxic effects of treatment were also measured. RESULTS A total of 39 patients were identified: 21 patients who initiated therapy with preexisting RI and 18 patients who developed RI during treatment. In patients with RI at the start of therapy, Cr increased in 57%, and 48% of patients required dose reduction. The median time to maximum RI was 6.6 months (range 0.4-19.6 months). In patients who developed RI while receiving therapy, median serum Cr and CrCl at the start of therapy were 1.5 mg/dl (range 1.1-1.8) and 61 ml/min (range 43-105), respectively. Patients experienced a median increase in serum Cr of 0.8 mg/dl (range 0.3-2.8) and a median decrease in CrCl of 25 ml/min (range 8.54-64.76). Overall, 5 patients (24%) achieved a partial response (PR), 13 (62%) had stable disease (SD) and 3 (14%) had progressive disease (PD). Estimated progression-free survival (PFS) was 8.4 months. The most common toxic effects (all grades) were fatigue (81%), hand-foot syndrome (HFS) (52%) and diarrhea (48%). Six patients experienced grade III toxicity (29%), primarily HFS. CONCLUSIONS Sunitinib and sorafenib can be safely given to patients with renal insufficiency, provided adequate monitoring of renal function. For those patients developing an increase in Cr, dose modifications may be required to allow continuation of therapy. The clinical outcome of patients with baseline renal dysfunction and patients who develop renal dysfunction does not appear to be compromised.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Khan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medicine Institute
| | - A Golshayan
- Department of Solid Tumor Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - P Elson
- Department of Solid Tumor Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - L Wood
- Department of Solid Tumor Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - J Garcia
- Department of Solid Tumor Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - R Bukowski
- Department of Solid Tumor Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - B Rini
- Department of Solid Tumor Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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Khan G, Motta J, Kazem R, Wilson P. OP6-3 Systematic analysis of entire human tonsils for the presence of Epstein-Barr virus: evidence of infection of epithelial cells and the implications on the mechanism of viral persistence. J Clin Virol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1386-6532(09)70075-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Ben-Josef E, Griffith K, Francis IR, Khan G, Lawrence TS, Abrams R, Leslie W, Zalupski M. Phase I radiation dose-escalation trial of intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) with concurrent fixed dose-rate gemcitabine (FDR-G) for unresectable pancreatic cancer. J Clin Oncol 2009. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.4602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
4602 Background: Current treatments of non-metastatic, unresectable pancreatic cancer result in poor survival and nearly uniform local persistence of disease. We hypothesized that intensification of local therapy would result in better local control and improve survival. The primary objective of this trial was to determine maximum tolerated radiation dose delivered with IMRT and concurrent FDR-G. Methods: Eligibility included tissue diagnosis of adenocarcinoma, unresectable by radiological criteria, Zubrod performance of 0–2, ANC of ≥ 1500/mm3, platelets ≥ 100,000/mm3, creatinine < 2 mg/dl, bilirubin < 3 mg/dl, ALT and AST ≤ 2.5 x ULN, and informed consent. Patients (pts) received FDR-G (1000 mg/m2, 100-minute infusion) on days -22 and -15. IMRT started day 1 (radiation dose levels [L2-L6] 50, 52.5, 55, 57.5 and 60 Gy, all in 25 fractions) with concurrent FDR-G on days 1, 8, 22, and 29. GTV was defined on pancreas protocol CT in the treatment position. PTV was GTV plus 1 cm expansion. Active Breathing Control was used to reduce breathing motion, except in 3 pts, in whom 4D CT was used to generate an ITV. Post IMRT, up to 4 cycles of FDR-G were given. DLT was defined as GI toxicity ≥ G3, neutropenic fever, or deterioration in Zubrod to ≥3 between day 1 and 126. IMRT dose level was assigned using the Time-to-Event Continual Reassessment Method. With a sample size of 50, the design allows concurrent assessment of efficacy. Results: From 8/06, 27 pts have been accrued. DLTs have been observed in 6 (G3 anorexia, nausea vomiting, and/or dehydration [5 pts]; duodenal bleed [1 pt]). The posterior estimates of probability of DLT are 0.17, 0.21, 0.24, 0.27, and 0.28 for L2 to L6, respectively. The response rate is 52.4% (95% CI 29.8% to 74.3%). The median overall survival and progression-free survival are 23.1 months (95% CI 9–23.1) and 7.2 months (95% CI 5.0–8.0), respectively. Only 1 patient (4%) progressed locally. Two patients have undergone resection (R0), and demonstrated near- and complete pathological responses. Conclusions: High dose radiotherapy and concurrent FDR-G, utilizing the techniques above, is well tolerated and results in highly encouraging response rates, local control rates and overall survival. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Ben-Josef
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | - K. Griffith
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | - I. R. Francis
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | - G. Khan
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | - T. S. Lawrence
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | - R. Abrams
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | - W. Leslie
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | - M. Zalupski
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
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Khan G, Adelstein DJ, Rice TW, Rybicki LA, Videtic GM, Saxton JP, Murthy SC, Mason DP, Rodriguez CP, Ives DI. Multimodality treatment for distal esophageal (DE) and gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) adenocarcinoma (ACA) with celiac lymph node (CLN) involvement. J Clin Oncol 2009. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.4574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
4574 Background: CLN involvement is a predictor of poor outcome in patients (pts) with DE or GEJ ACA. Pre-treatment identification of such patients depends on clinical staging including endoscopic ultrasound (EUS), computerized tomography (CT), and positron emission tomography (PET). This review of our CLN positive pts was undertaken to define the impact of clinical staging on prognosis after concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) and surgery. Methods: We retrospectively identified all pts with DE or GEJ ACA, CLN involvement by EUS, CT or PET, and no evidence of distant hematogenous metastases, who were treated with the same CCRT and surgery protocol at the Cleveland Clinic. Pts not staged with all three modalities were excluded. Induction CCRT consisted of radiation (30 Gy at 1.5 Gy bid), and chemotherapy with cisplatin (20 mg/m2/d) and fluorouracil (1000 mg/m2/d) both given as continuous intravenous infusions during the first 4 days of radiation. Surgery was performed in 4–6 weeks and identical CCRT was planned 6–10 weeks post-operatively. Outcomes examined included locoregional control (LRC), distant metastatic control (DMC), freedom from recurrence (FFR) and overall survival (OS). Results: Between 2/00 and 12/07, 54 pts with clinically staged CLN involvement were treated with this protocol. CLN involvement was found by EUS in 70%, CT in 69% and PET in 54% of pts. No single or combination of clinical staging tests proved predictive of outcome except for LRC which was worse in pts with all 3 tests positive (p = 0.008). With a median follow-up of 27 (range 8–71) months, the 2-year Kaplan-Meier projected LRC is 87%, DMC 18%, FFR 18%, and OS 28%. DE (vs. GEJ) primary site predicted for better DMC (p < 0.001), FFR (p = 0.002), and OS (p = 0.025). Negative surgical margins predicted for better DMC and FFR (p=0.005 both outcomes). Only tumor location remained significant in multivariable analysis. Conclusions: CLN involvement portends a poor but not hopeless prognosis after multimodality therapy. Despite excellent LRC, distant failure predominates. DMC, FFR, and OS were worse in pts with GEJ primaries, but were independent of how the CLN involvement was clinically identified. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Khan
- Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH
| | | | - T. W. Rice
- Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - D. I. Ives
- Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH
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Abstract
Findings in humans and animal models suggest that in utero hormonal and dietary exposures increase later breast cancer risk. Since alcohol intake by adult women consistently increases their breast cancer risk, we wondered whether maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy increases female offspring's mammary tumorigenesis. In our study, pregnant female rats were pair-fed isocaloric diets containing either 0 (control), 16 or 25 g alcohol kg(-1) feed between days 7 and 19 of gestation. These alcohol exposures generate blood alcohol levels that correspond to low and moderate alcohol consumption and are lower than those that induce foetal alcohol syndrome. Serum oestradiol levels were elevated in pregnant rats exposed to alcohol (P<0.003). When adult, female offspring of alcohol-exposed dams developed significantly more 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene -induced mammary tumours, compared to the controls (tumour multiplicity; mean+/-s.e.m., controls: 2.0+/-0.3, 16 g alcohol: 2.7+/-0.4 and 25 g alcohol: 3.7+/-0.4; P<0.006). In addition, the mammary epithelial tree of the alcohol-exposed offspring was denser (P<0.004) and contained more structures that are susceptible for the initiation of breast cancer (P<0.001). Immunohistochemical assessment indicated that the mammary glands of 22-week-old in utero alcohol-exposed rats contained elevated levels of oestrogen receptor-alpha (P<0.04) that is consistent with the changes in mammary gland morphology. In summary, maternal alcohol intake during pregnancy increases female offspring's mammary tumorigenesis, perhaps by programming the foetal mammary gland to exhibit persistent alterations in morphology and gene expression. It remains to be determined whether an increase in pregnancy oestradiol levels mediated alcohol's effects on offspring's mammary tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Hilakivi-Clarke
- Lombardi Cancer Center and Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, 3970 Reservoir Road NW, Washington, DC 20007, USA.
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Khan G, Ali SS, Fatimi SH. Bidirectional cavopulmonary shunt for cyanotic heart disease: surgical experience from a developing country. J PAK MED ASSOC 2003; 53:506-9. [PMID: 14696898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The importance of bidirectional cavopulmonary anastomosis for palliation of complex cyanotic congenital heart disease is widely recognized. This study was conducted to highlight our surgical experience with this procedure in a developing country. METHODS A retrospective study was conducted using medical records at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan. Clinical findings at presentation, anatomical defects seen on transthoracic echocardiography, pre-operative McGoon index, cardiopulmonary bypass time, use of cardioplegia, post-procedure oxygen saturations and complications were evaluated. RESULTS A total of 8 patients underwent bidirectional cavopulmonary anastomosis. There were 6 males (75%) and 2 females (25%). Ages and weights at operation averaged 5.7 +/- 3.7 years (range 2-14 years) and 18.6 +/- 10.4 kg (range 8.5-35.5 kg) respectively. The most common symptoms were the presence of cyanosis in all (100%) patients followed by recurrent respiratory tract infections in 3 (37.5%) patients. Transthoracic echocardiography revealed 6 (75%) patients with atrial septal defects, 5 (62.5%) with tricuspid atresia, 3 (37.5%) with ventricular septal defects, 3 (37.5%) with malposition of great vessels, 2 (25%) with pulmonary stenosis and 2 (25%) with double inlet left ventricles. The mean pre-procedure McGoon index was 2.1 +/- 0.5 (range 1.37-2.80). All patients received cardioplegia. Cardiopulmonary bypass was used in all patients for a mean time of 154.1 +/- 83.6 minutes (range 60-298 minutes). All patients were ventilated for a mean period of 1.5 +/- 0.7 days (range 1-3 days). The ICU stay was 3.0 +/- 0.6 days (range 2-5 days) with a total hospital stay of 9.8 +/- 3.8 days (range 7-18 days). The mean post-procedure oxygen saturation was 82.6 +/- 3.5% (range 76-86%). The most common post-operative complication was supraventricular arrhythmia in 2 (25.0%) patients. There were no intra-operative or early (within 7 days of procedure) deaths. One patient developed pulmonary artery hypertension and died 23 months later due to cardiac arrest. CONCLUSION Patients tolerated the procedure well. After a mean follow-up of 10 months, 6 patients were assessed to be in New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class I and one patient in NYHA class II. Clinical and post-procedural data gathered from our experience confirms the safety of bidirectional cavopulmonary anastomosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Khan
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Aga Khan University, Karachi
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Nadeem SM, Sami SA, Khan G, Basir N, Kazmi KA. Post-infarction left venticular free wall rupture. J PAK MED ASSOC 2001; 51:229-31. [PMID: 11475780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S M Nadeem
- Cardiology Section, Department of Medicine, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi
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Hilakivi-Clarke L, Cho E, deAssis S, Olivo S, Ealley E, Bouker KB, Welch JN, Khan G, Clarke R, Cabanes A. Maternal and prepubertal diet, mammary development and breast cancer risk. J Nutr 2001; 131:154S-157S. [PMID: 11208953 DOI: 10.1093/jn/131.1.154s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
At present, we do not know what causes sporadic breast cancer. Environmental factors,particularly diet, appear to explain at least 70% of newly diagnosed breast cancers, but it is not clear what these factors are. We propose that the lack of progress in this area is due to a lack of considering the effect of timing of environmental and dietary exposures on the breast. The evidence provided above suggests that an in utero exposure to an estrogenic environment-including that caused by diet [high (n-6) PUFA or genistein]-increases breast cancer risk. This increase may be mediated by an increased presence of TEB in the mammary epithelial tree and increased ER-alpha levels, reduced ER-beta levels or both. Prepubertal estrogenic exposure, in contrast, reduces later risk of developing breast cancer. The protective effect of estrogens may be mediated by early epithelial differentiation, reduced presence of ER-alpha and increased levels of ER-beta in the mammary gland. The challenge we are now facing is to determine whether the data obtained mainly through the use of animal models is relevant to women and if so, how we might be able to modulate pregnancy and childhood estrogenic exposure by appropriate dietary modifications to reduce breast cancer risk in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Hilakivi-Clarke
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20007, USA.
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von Smekal A, Lachat M, Wildermuth S, Khan G, Turina M, Marincek B. [Proximal anastomoses of aortocoronary bypasses. Evaluation with ECG-triggered single-slice computerized tomography]. Radiologe 2000; 40:130-5. [PMID: 10758626 DOI: 10.1007/s001170050021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Assessment of coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) patency with computed tomography methods has been demonstrated as an alternative to coronary angiography. The evaluation of the bypass anastomoses is still of limited success. Prospective ECG triggering of conventional CT scanners allows heart phase-triggered single-slice acquisition in the sub-second range. The goal of this study was to evaluate whether the use of ECG triggering can optimize the evaluation of proximal CABG anastomoses. MATERIALS AND METHODS In ten patients after CABG surgery, ECG-triggered CT with thin (2 mm), contiguous slices was performed in the region of the proximal bypass anastomoses in the ascending aorta. The data evaluation was done on axial images and on reconstructed 2D and 3D data sets. RESULTS The applied technique demonstrated good imaging quality, which allowed evaluation of the CABG anastomoses in all cases. Overall 18 CABG anastomoses could be visualized; 17 anastomoses could be assessed as normal, non-stenotic and patent. DISCUSSION ECG-triggered thin-slice CT permits reliable assessment of proximal CABG anastomoses and expands the usage of CT in the evaluation of CABG.
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Affiliation(s)
- A von Smekal
- Institut für Diagnostische Radiologie, Universitätsspital Zürich.
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Gallagher A, Armstrong AA, MacKenzie J, Shield L, Khan G, Lake A, Proctor S, Taylor P, Clements GB, Jarrett RF. Detection of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) genomes in the serum of patients with EBV-associated Hodgkin's disease. Int J Cancer 1999; 84:442-8. [PMID: 10404101 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0215(19990820)84:4<442::aid-ijc20>3.0.co;2-j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
DNA from malignant cells is present in the serum/plasma of cancer patients and DNA from this source is amenable to analysis by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In the present study, we evaluated whether Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA is present in the serum of patients with EBV-associated Hodgkin's disease (HD). Using conventional PCR, EBV DNA was detected in serum from 30/33 patients with EBV-associated HD but in only 6/26 patients with non-EBV-associated disease (p < 0.001). Samples from healthy individuals were negative and only 5/12 infectious mononucleosis samples were positive. Real-time quantitative PCR was subsequently employed to determine the concentration of EBV DNA present in serum; among positive samples the level ranged from 1 to 705 copies per 125 microliter of serum. Post-treatment samples from 5/14 cases with EBV-associated HD contained detectable EBV DNA; analysis of this small group of cases suggests that positivity in post-treatment samples correlates with risk factors indicative of a poor prognosis. Overall, our results are consistent with the notion that DNA from Reed-Sternberg cells is present in the serum of HD patients, and further suggest that serum EBV should be evaluated as a prognostic marker. Int. J. Cancer (Pred. Oncol.) 84:442-448, 1999.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gallagher
- LRF Virus Centre, Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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Abstract
The NF-kappaB/Rel family of transcription factors regulates a wide variety of genes whose products play a fundamental role in inflammatory and immune responses. The implication of NF-kappaB/Rel proteins and their IkappaB regulatory subunits in the control of cellular growth and oncogenesis, was suggested by the induction of fatal lymphomas in birds by the v-rel oncoprotein, and the rearrangement and amplification of several genes encoding the NF-kappaB/Rel/IkappaB signal transduction factors in human malignancies, primarily of lymphoid origin. Hodgkin's disease (HD) is a lymphoma characterized by a low frequency of malignant Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg (H/RS) cells in a reactive background of non-neoplastic cells. The peculiar activated phenotype of Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg cells and their pattern of cytokine secretion are believed to be a consequence of constitutive activation of the NF-kappaB transcription factor. Here, we report the detection of mutations of the IkBa gene, in two HD-derived cell lines and in two out of eight biopsy samples from patients with relapsed Hodgkin's disease. The presence of defective IkappaBalpha is thus likely to explain the constitutive activation of NF-kappaB in these cells and suggests that IkappaBalpha is a tumour suppressor controlling the oncogenic activation of NF-kappaB in Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Cabannes
- School of Biomedical Science, University of St Andrews, Fife, UK
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Albert A, Dhanaraj V, Genschel U, Khan G, Ramjee MK, Pulido R, Sibanda BL, von Delft F, Witty M, Blundell TL, Smith AG, Abell C. Crystal structure of aspartate decarboxylase at 2.2 A resolution provides evidence for an ester in protein self-processing. Nat Struct Biol 1998; 5:289-93. [PMID: 9546220 DOI: 10.1038/nsb0498-289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The structure of L-aspartate-alpha-decarboxylase from E. coli has been determined at 2.2 A resolution. The enzyme is a tetramer with pseudofour-fold rotational symmetry. The subunits are six-stranded beta-barrels capped by small alpha-helices at each end. The active sites are located between adjacent subunits. The electron density provides evidence for catalytic pyruvoyl groups at three active sites and an ester at the fourth. The ester is an intermediate in the autocatalytic self-processing leading to formation of the pyruvoyl group. This unprecedented structure provides novel insights into the general phenomenon of protein processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Albert
- Department of Biochemistry, Cambridge, UK
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