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Hein R, Maranian M, Hopper JL, Kapuscinski MK, Southey MC, Park DJ, Schmidt MK, Broeks A, Hogervorst FBL, Bueno-de-Mesquit HB, Muir KR, Lophatananon A, Rattanamongkongul S, Puttawibul P, Fasching PA, Hein A, Ekici AB, Beckmann MW, Fletcher O, Johnson N, dos Santos Silva I, Peto J, Sawyer E, Tomlinson I, Kerin M, Miller N, Marmee F, Schneeweiss A, Sohn C, Burwinkel B, Guénel P, Cordina-Duverger E, Menegaux F, Truong T, Bojesen SE, Nordestgaard BG, Flyger H, Milne RL, Perez JIA, Zamora MP, Benítez J, Anton-Culver H, Ziogas A, Bernstein L, Clarke CA, Brenner H, Müller H, Arndt V, Stegmaier C, Rahman N, Seal S, Turnbull C, Renwick A, Meindl A, Schott S, Bartram CR, Schmutzler RK, Brauch H, Hamann U, Ko YD, Wang-Gohrke S, Dörk T, Schürmann P, Karstens JH, Hillemanns P, Nevanlinna H, Heikkinen T, Aittomäki K, Blomqvist C, Bogdanova NV, Zalutsky IV, Antonenkova NN, Bermisheva M, Prokovieva D, Farahtdinova A, Khusnutdinova E, Lindblom A, Margolin S, Mannermaa A, Kataja V, Kosma VM, Hartikainen J, Chen X, Beesley J, Investigators KC, Lambrechts D, Zhao H, Neven P, Wildiers H, Nickels S, Flesch-Janys D, Radice P, Peterlongo P, Manoukian S, Barile M, Couch FJ, Olson JE, Wang X, Fredericksen Z, Giles GG, Baglietto L, McLean CA, Severi G, Offit K, Robson M, Gaudet MM, Vijai J, Alnæs GG, Kristensen V, Børresen-Dale AL, John EM, Miron A, Winqvist R, Pylkäs K, Jukkola-Vuorinen A, Grip M, Andrulis IL, Knight JA, Glendon G, Mulligan AM, Figueroa JD, García-Closas M, Lissowska J, Sherman ME, Hooning M, Martens JWM, Seynaeve C, Collée M, Hall P, Humpreys K, Czene K, Liu J, Cox A, Brock IW, Cross SS, Reed MWR, Ahmed S, Ghoussaini M, Pharoah PDP, Kang D, Yoo KY, Noh DY, Jakubowska A, Jaworska K, Durda K, Złowocka E, Sangrajrang S, Gaborieau V, Brennan P, McKay J, Shen CY, Yu JC, Hsu HM, Hou MF, Orr N, Schoemaker M, Ashworth A, Swerdlow A, Trentham-Dietz A, Newcomb PA, Titus L, Egan KM, Chenevix-Trench G, Antoniou AC, Humphreys MK, Morrison J, Chang-Claude J, Easton DF, Dunning AM. Comparison of 6q25 breast cancer hits from Asian and European Genome Wide Association Studies in the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC). PLoS One 2012; 7:e42380. [PMID: 22879957 PMCID: PMC3413660 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2012] [Accepted: 07/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The 6q25.1 locus was first identified via a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in Chinese women and marked by single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs2046210, approximately 180 Kb upstream of ESR1. There have been conflicting reports about the association of this locus with breast cancer in Europeans, and a GWAS in Europeans identified a different SNP, tagged here by rs12662670. We examined the associations of both SNPs in up to 61,689 cases and 58,822 controls from forty-four studies collaborating in the Breast Cancer Association Consortium, of which four studies were of Asian and 39 of European descent. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Case-only analyses were used to compare SNP effects in Estrogen Receptor positive (ER+) versus negative (ER-) tumours. Models including both SNPs were fitted to investigate whether the SNP effects were independent. Both SNPs are significantly associated with breast cancer risk in both ethnic groups. Per-allele ORs are higher in Asian than in European studies [rs2046210: OR (A/G) = 1.36 (95% CI 1.26-1.48), p = 7.6 × 10(-14) in Asians and 1.09 (95% CI 1.07-1.11), p = 6.8 × 10(-18) in Europeans. rs12662670: OR (G/T) = 1.29 (95% CI 1.19-1.41), p = 1.2 × 10(-9) in Asians and 1.12 (95% CI 1.08-1.17), p = 3.8 × 10(-9) in Europeans]. SNP rs2046210 is associated with a significantly greater risk of ER- than ER+ tumours in Europeans [OR (ER-) = 1.20 (95% CI 1.15-1.25), p = 1.8 × 10(-17) versus OR (ER+) = 1.07 (95% CI 1.04-1.1), p = 1.3 × 10(-7), p(heterogeneity) = 5.1 × 10(-6)]. In these Asian studies, by contrast, there is no clear evidence of a differential association by tumour receptor status. Each SNP is associated with risk after adjustment for the other SNP. These results suggest the presence of two variants at 6q25.1 each independently associated with breast cancer risk in Asians and in Europeans. Of these two, the one tagged by rs2046210 is associated with a greater risk of ER- tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Hein
- Unit of Genetic Epidemiology, Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- PMV (Primärmedizinische Versorgung) Research Group at the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Melanie Maranian
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - John L. Hopper
- Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Miroslaw K. Kapuscinski
- Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Melissa C. Southey
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Daniel J. Park
- Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Marjanka K. Schmidt
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annegien Broeks
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frans B. L. Hogervorst
- Family Cancer Clinic, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Kenneth R. Muir
- Health Sciences Research Institute, Warwick Medical School, Warwick University, Coventry, Warwick, United Kingdom
| | - Artitaya Lophatananon
- Health Sciences Research Institute, Warwick Medical School, Warwick University, Coventry, Warwick, United Kingdom
| | - Suthee Rattanamongkongul
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Srinakhrainwirot University, Ongkharak, Nakhon Nayok, Thailand
| | - Puttisak Puttawibul
- Department of Surgery, Medical School, Prince Songkla University, Songkla, Thailand
| | - Peter A. Fasching
- University Breast Center, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Alexander Hein
- University Breast Center, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Arif B. Ekici
- Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matthias W. Beckmann
- University Breast Center, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Olivia Fletcher
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nichola Johnson
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Isabel dos Santos Silva
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Julian Peto
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elinor Sawyer
- Division of Cancer Studies, National Institute for Health Research Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre, Guy’s & St. Thomas’ National Health Service Foundation Trust in partnership with King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Tomlinson
- Welcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics and Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Oxford National Institute for Health Research Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Kerin
- Clinical Science Institute. University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Nicola Miller
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frederick Marmee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Schneeweiss
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christof Sohn
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Barbara Burwinkel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Molecular Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pascal Guénel
- Environmental Epidemiology of Cancer, U1018, CESP (Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health), Inserm (National Institute of Health and Medical Research), Villejuif, France
- Unité mixte de recherche 1018, University Paris-Sud, Villejuif, France
| | - Emilie Cordina-Duverger
- Environmental Epidemiology of Cancer, U1018, CESP (Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health), Inserm (National Institute of Health and Medical Research), Villejuif, France
- Unité mixte de recherche 1018, University Paris-Sud, Villejuif, France
| | - Florence Menegaux
- Environmental Epidemiology of Cancer, U1018, CESP (Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health), Inserm (National Institute of Health and Medical Research), Villejuif, France
- Unité mixte de recherche 1018, University Paris-Sud, Villejuif, France
| | - Thérèse Truong
- Environmental Epidemiology of Cancer, U1018, CESP (Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health), Inserm (National Institute of Health and Medical Research), Villejuif, France
- Unité mixte de recherche 1018, University Paris-Sud, Villejuif, France
| | - Stig E. Bojesen
- Copenhagen General Population Study and Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Børge G. Nordestgaard
- Copenhagen General Population Study and Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik Flyger
- Department of Breast Surgery, Herlev University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Roger L. Milne
- Genetic & Molecular Epidemiology Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - M. Pilar Zamora
- Servicio de Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Benítez
- Cancer Genetics Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Hoda Anton-Culver
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Argyrios Ziogas
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Leslie Bernstein
- Department of Population Sciences, City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States of America
| | - Christina A. Clarke
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, California, United States of America
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Heiko Müller
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Volker Arndt
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Nazneen Rahman
- Section of Cancer Genetics, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Sheila Seal
- Section of Cancer Genetics, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Clare Turnbull
- Section of Cancer Genetics, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony Renwick
- Section of Cancer Genetics, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Alfons Meindl
- Division of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Klinikum rechts der Isar at the Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sarah Schott
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Claus R. Bartram
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rita K. Schmutzler
- Center for Familial Breast and Ovarian Cancer and Center of Integrated Oncology (CIO), University Hospital, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hiltrud Brauch
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ute Hamann
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yon-Dschun Ko
- Department of Internal Medicine, Evangelische Kliniken Bonn gGmbH, Johanniter Krankenhaus, Bonn, Germany
| | - The GENICA Network
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine, Evangelische Kliniken Bonn gGmbH, Johanniter Krankenhaus, Bonn, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance (IPA), Bochum, Germany
| | - Shan Wang-Gohrke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Thilo Dörk
- Clinics of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Peter Schürmann
- Clinics of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Johann H. Karstens
- Clinics of Radiation Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Peter Hillemanns
- Clinics of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Heli Nevanlinna
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuomas Heikkinen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kristiina Aittomäki
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Carl Blomqvist
- Department of Oncology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Natalia V. Bogdanova
- Clinics of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany, Clinics of Radiation Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Iosif V. Zalutsky
- N.N. Alexandrov Research Institute of Oncology and Medical Radiology, Minsk, Belarus
| | | | - Marina Bermisheva
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russia
| | - Darya Prokovieva
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russia
| | - Albina Farahtdinova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russia
| | - Elza Khusnutdinova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russia
| | - Annika Lindblom
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sara Margolin
- Department of Oncology Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Arto Mannermaa
- Clinics of Radiation Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Oncology Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Biocenter Kuopio, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Vesa Kataja
- Biocenter Kuopio, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oncology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Oncology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Veli-Matti Kosma
- School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Biocenter Kuopio, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jaana Hartikainen
- School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Biocenter Kuopio, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Xiaoqing Chen
- Cancer Division, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jonathan Beesley
- Cancer Division, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia
| | - kConFab Investigators
- Kathleen Cuningham Foundation Consortium for Research into Familial Breast Cancer [kConFab], Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, Melbourne, Australia
| | - AOCS Group
- Australian Ovarian Cancer Study [AOCS], Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Diether Lambrechts
- Vesalius Research Center (VRC), Vesalius Research Center, Leuven, Belgium; Vesalius Research Center (VRC), Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hui Zhao
- Vesalius Research Center (VRC), Vesalius Research Center, Leuven, Belgium; Vesalius Research Center (VRC), Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Patrick Neven
- Multidisciplinary Breast Center, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hans Wildiers
- Multidisciplinary Breast Center, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stefan Nickels
- Unit of Genetic Epidemiology, Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dieter Flesch-Janys
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology/Clinical Cancer Registry and Institute for Medical Biometrics and Epidemiology, University Clinic Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Paolo Radice
- Unit of Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk and Genetic Testing, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori (INT), Milan, Italy
- Fondazione Istituto FIRC (Fondazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro) Di Oncologia Molecolare (IFOM), Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Peterlongo
- Unit of Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk and Genetic Testing, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori (INT), Milan, Italy
- Fondazione Istituto FIRC (Fondazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro) Di Oncologia Molecolare (IFOM), Milan, Italy
| | - Siranoush Manoukian
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione Instituto di Recuvero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Nazionale Tumori (INT), Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Barile
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia (IEO), Milan, Italy
| | - Fergus J. Couch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Janet E. Olson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Xianshu Wang
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Zachary Fredericksen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Graham G. Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic, and Analytic Epidemiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Laura Baglietto
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic, and Analytic Epidemiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Catriona A. McLean
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Gianluca Severi
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic, and Analytic Epidemiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kenneth Offit
- Clinical Genetics Service, Dept. of Medicine and Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Mark Robson
- Clinical Genetics Service, Dept. of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Mia M. Gaudet
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Joseph Vijai
- Clinical Genetics Service, Dept. of Medicine and Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Grethe Grenaker Alnæs
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Vessela Kristensen
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine (Faculty Division Ahus), University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne-Lise Børresen-Dale
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine (Faculty Division Ahus), University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Esther M. John
- Department of Epidemiology, Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, California, United States of America
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Alexander Miron
- Deptartment of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Robert Winqvist
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Department of Clinical Genetics and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Katri Pylkäs
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Department of Clinical Genetics and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | | | - Mervi Grip
- Department of Surgery, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Irene L. Andrulis
- Ontario Cancer Genetics Network, Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Fred A. Litwin Center for Cancer Genetics, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Julia A. Knight
- Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Epidemiology, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gord Glendon
- Ontario Cancer Genetics Network, Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anna Marie Mulligan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, and the Keenan Research Centre of the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jonine D. Figueroa
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Montserrat García-Closas
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
- Sections of Epidemiology and Genetics, Institute of Cancer Research and Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jolanta Lissowska
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, M. Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center & Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mark E. Sherman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Maartje Hooning
- Department of Medical Oncology, Family Cancer Clinic, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - John W. M. Martens
- Department of Medical Oncology, Josephine Nefkens Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline Seynaeve
- Department of Medical Oncology, Family Cancer Clinic, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Margriet Collée
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Family Cancer Clinic, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Per Hall
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Keith Humpreys
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kamila Czene
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Population Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Angela Cox
- Institute for Cancer Studies, Department of Oncology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Ian W. Brock
- Institute for Cancer Studies, Department of Oncology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Simon S. Cross
- Academic Unit of Pathology, Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Malcolm W. R. Reed
- Academic Unit of Surgical Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Shahana Ahmed
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Maya Ghoussaini
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Paul DP. Pharoah
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Daehee Kang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Keun-Young Yoo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong-Young Noh
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Anna Jakubowska
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Jaworska
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
- Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Durda
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Złowocka
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | | | - Valerie Gaborieau
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Paul Brennan
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - James McKay
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Chen-Yang Shen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Taiwan Biobank, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Cherng Yu
- Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Huan-Ming Hsu
- Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Feng Hou
- Cancer Center and Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Nick Orr
- The Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Minouk Schoemaker
- Section of Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Alan Ashworth
- The Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony Swerdlow
- Section of Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Amy Trentham-Dietz
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Polly A. Newcomb
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Linda Titus
- Department of Community & Family Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Dartmouth Medical School, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, One Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, New Hampshire, United States of America
| | - Kathleen M. Egan
- Division of Population Sciences, Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | | | - Antonis C. Antoniou
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Manjeet K. Humphreys
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Morrison
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- Unit of Genetic Epidemiology, Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Douglas F. Easton
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Alison M. Dunning
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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