1
|
Angelova M, Ferris M, Swan KF, McFerrin HE, Pridjian G, Morris CA, Sullivan DE. Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus G-protein coupled receptor activates the canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Virol J 2014; 11:218. [PMID: 25514828 PMCID: PMC4304609 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-014-0218-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background KSHV is a tumorigenic γ-herpesvirus that has been identified as the etiologic agent of Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS), a multifocal highly vascularized neoplasm that is the most common malignancy associated with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The virus encodes a constitutively active chemokine receptor homologue, vGPCR that possesses potent angiogenic and tumorigenic properties, and is critical for KSHV pathobiology. To date, a number of signaling pathways have been identified as key in mediating vGPCR oncogenic potential. Findings In this study, we identify a novel pathway, the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, which is dysregulated by vGPCR expression in endothelial cells. Expression of vGPCR in endothelial cells enhances the nuclear accumulation of β-catenin, that correlates with an increase in β-catenin transcriptional activity. Activation of β-catenin signaling by vGPCR is dependent on the PI3K/Akt pathway, as treatment of vGPCR-expressing cells with a pharmacological inhibitor of PI3K, leads to a decreased activation of a β-catenin-driven reporter, a significant decrease in expression of β-catenin target genes, and reduced endothelial tube formation. Conclusions Given the critical role of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in angiogenesis and tumorigenesis, the findings from this study suggest a novel mechanism in KSHV-induced malignancies. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12985-014-0218-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Angelova
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA, USA.
| | - MaryBeth Ferris
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA, USA.
| | - Kenneth F Swan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA, USA.
| | - Harris E McFerrin
- Biology Department, Xavier University, 1 Drexel Drive, New Orleans, LA, USA.
| | - Gabriella Pridjian
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA, USA.
| | - Cindy A Morris
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA, USA.
| | - Deborah E Sullivan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
McFerrin HE, Olson SD, Gutschow MV, Semon JA, Sullivan DE, Prockop DJ. Rapidly self-renewing human multipotent marrow stromal cells (hMSC) express sialyl Lewis X and actively adhere to arterial endothelium in a chick embryo model system. PLoS One 2014; 9:e105411. [PMID: 25144321 PMCID: PMC4140774 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There have been conflicting observations regarding the receptors utilized by human multipotent mesenchymal bone marrow stromal cells (hMSC) to adhere to endothelial cells (EC). To address the discrepancies, we performed experiments with cells prepared with a standardized, low-density protocol preserving a sub-population of small cells that are rapidly self-renewing. METHODS Sialyl Lewis X (SLeX) and α4 integrin expression were determined by flow cytometry. Fucosyltransferase expression was determined by quantitative realtime RT-PCR. Cell adhesion assays were carried out with a panel of endothelial cells from arteries, veins and the microvasculature in vitro. In vivo experiments were performed to determine single cell interactions in the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM). The CAM is a well-characterized respiratory organ allowing for time-lapse image acquisition of large numbers of cells treated with blocking antibodies against adhesion molecules expressed on hMSC. RESULTS hMSC expressed α4 integrin, SLeX and fucosyltransferase 4 and adhered to human EC from arteries, veins and the microvasculature under static conditions in vitro. In vivo, hMSC rolled on and adhered to arterioles in the chick embryo CAM, whereas control melanoma cells embolized. Inhibition of α4 integrin and/or SLeX with blocking antibodies reduced rolling and adhesion in arterioles and increased embolism of hMSC. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrated that rapidly self-renewing hMSC were retained in the CAM because they rolled on and adhered to respiratory arteriolar EC in an α4 integrin- and SLeX-dependent manner. It is therefore important to select cells based on their cell adhesion receptor profile as well as size depending on the intended target of the cell and the injection route.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harris E. McFerrin
- Xavier University of Louisiana, Biology Department, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Scott D. Olson
- Program in Regenerative Medicine, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Miriam V. Gutschow
- Stanford Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Julie A. Semon
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Deborah E. Sullivan
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Darwin J. Prockop
- Texas A & M Health Science Center College of Medicine Institute for Regenerative Medicine at Scott & White, Temple, Texas, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Strong AL, Semon JA, Strong TA, Santoke TT, Zhang S, McFerrin HE, Gimble JM, Bunnell BA. Obesity-associated dysregulation of calpastatin and MMP-15 in adipose-derived stromal cells results in their enhanced invasion. Stem Cells 2013; 30:2774-83. [PMID: 22969001 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2012] [Accepted: 08/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissue maintains a subpopulation of cells, referred to as adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (ASCs), which have been associated with increased breast cancer tumorigenesis and metastasis. For ASCs to affect breast cancer cells, it is necessary to delineate how they mobilize and home to cancer cells, which requires mobilization and invasion through extracellular matrix barriers. In this study, ASCs were separated into four different categories based on the donor's obesity status and depot site of origin. ASCs isolated from the subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue of obese patients (Ob(+)Ab(+)) demonstrated increased invasion through Matrigel as well as a chick chorioallantoic membrane, a type I collagen-rich extracellular matrix barrier. Detailed mRNA and protein analyses revealed that calpain-4, calpastatin, and MMP-15 were associated with increased invasion, and the silencing of each protease or protease inhibitor confirmed their role in ASC invasion. Thus, the data indicate that both the donor's obesity status and depot site of origin distinguishes the properties of subcutaneous-derived ASCs with respect to enhanced invasion and this is associated with the dysregulation of calpain-4, calpastatin, and MMP-15.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy L Strong
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abboud ER, Shelby BD, Angelova M, Nelson AB, Ferris M, McFerrin HE, Morris CA, Sullivan DE. Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus g protein-coupled receptor enhances endothelial cell survival in part by upregulation of bcl-2. Ochsner J 2013; 13:66-75. [PMID: 23532945 PMCID: PMC3603191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) encoded G protein-coupled receptor (vGPCR) is a constitutively active lytic phase protein with significant homology to the human interleukin-8 receptor. vGPCR is necessary and sufficient to induce angiogenesis as well as the spindle cell proliferation characteristic of Kaposi sarcoma (KS) lesions. We previously demonstrated that Bcl-2, an antiapoptotic protein, is upregulated in KS lesions. The aim of this study was to determine if vGPCR enhances endothelial cell survival through upregulation of Bcl-2 expression and to elucidate the signaling pathways involved. METHODS Primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells were transduced with a recombinant retrovirus expressing vGPCR and then subjected to serum starvation. Cell viability and apoptosis were analyzed by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Bcl-2 expression was determined by real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunoblotting. Specific pharmacological inhibitors of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt and the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) were employed to elucidate the signaling pathways involved. Bcl-2 expression was knocked down using small interfering RNA (siRNA). RESULTS Endothelial cells expressing vGPCR showed increased survival after serum starvation and upregulation of Bcl-2 messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein. The vGPCR-induced increases in both Bcl-2 mRNA and protein levels were dependent on PI3K signaling but not on mTOR. Moreover, siRNA inhibition of Bcl-2 resulted in significant abrogation of the observed vGPCR-mediated cell survival advantage. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, the results demonstrate that Bcl-2 is a mediator of vGPCR-induced endothelial cell survival and is a downstream effector of Akt in this process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth R. Abboud
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| | - Bryan D. Shelby
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| | - Magdalena Angelova
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| | - Anne B. Nelson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| | - MaryBeth Ferris
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| | | | - Cindy A. Morris
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| | - Deborah E. Sullivan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bhattacharjee PS, Huq TS, Potter V, Young A, Davenport IR, Graves R, Mandal TK, Clement C, McFerrin HE, Muniruzzaman S, Ireland SK, Hill JM. High-glucose-induced endothelial cell injury is inhibited by a Peptide derived from human apolipoprotein E. PLoS One 2012; 7:e52152. [PMID: 23284911 PMCID: PMC3526597 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2012] [Accepted: 11/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the importance of human apolipoprotein E (apoE) in vascular diseases has clearly been established, most of the research on apoE has focused on its role in cholesterol metabolism. In view of the observation that apoE and its functional domains impact extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, we hypothesized that apoE could also confer protection against ECM degradation by mechanisms independent of its role in cholesterol and lipoprotein transport. The ECM degrading enzyme, heparanase, is secreted by cells as pro-heparanase that is internalized through low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor-related protein-1 (LRP-1) to become enzymatically active. Both apoE and pro-heparanase bind the LRP-1. We further hypothesized that an apoE mimetic peptide (apoEdp) would inhibit the production of active heparanase by blocking LRP-1-mediated uptake of pro-heparanase and thereby decrease degradation of the ECM. To test this hypothesis, we induced the expression of heparanase by incubating human retinal endothelial cells (hRECs) with high glucose (30 mM) for 72 hours. We found that elevated expression of heparanase by high glucose was associated with increased shedding of heparan sulfate (ΔHS) and the tight junction protein occludin. Treatment of hRECs with 100 µM apoEdp in the presence of high glucose significantly reduced the expression of heparanase, shedding of ΔHS, and loss of occludin as detected by Western blot analysis. Either eye drop treatment of 1% apoEdp topically 4 times a day for 14 consecutive days or intraperitoneal injection (40 mg/kg) of apoEdp daily for 14 consecutive days in an in vivo mouse model of streptozotocin-induced diabetes inhibited the loss of tight junction proteins occludin and zona occludin- 1 (ZO-1). These findings imply a functional relationship between apoE and endothelial cell matrix because the deregulation of these molecules can be inhibited by a short peptide derived from the receptor-binding region of apoE. Thus, strategies targeting ECM-degrading enzymes could be therapeutically beneficial for treating diabetic retinopathy.
Collapse
|
6
|
Hill JM, Nolan NM, McFerrin HE, Clement C, Foster TP, Halford WP, Kousoulas KG, Lukiw WJ, Thompson HW, Stern EM, Bhattacharjee PS. HSV-1 latent rabbits shed viral DNA into their saliva. Virol J 2012; 9:221. [PMID: 23021094 PMCID: PMC3519556 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-9-221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2012] [Accepted: 09/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Rabbits latent with HSV-1 strain McKrae spontaneously shed infectious virus and viral DNA into their tears and develop recurrent herpetic-specific corneal lesions. The rabbit eye model has been used for many years to assess acute ocular infections and pathogenesis, antiviral efficacy, as well as latency, reactivation, and recurrent eye diseases. This study used real-time PCR to quantify HSV-1 DNA in the saliva and tears of rabbits latent with HSV-1 McKrae. Methods New Zealand white rabbits used were latent with HSV-1 strain McKrae and had no ocular or oral pathology. Scarified corneas were topically inoculated with HSV-1. Eye swabs and saliva were taken from post inoculation (PI) days 28 through 49 (22 consecutive days). Saliva samples were taken four times each day from each rabbit and the DNA extracted was pooled for each rabbit for each day; one swab was taken daily from each eye and DNA extracted. Real-time PCR was done on the purified DNA samples for quantification of HSV-1 DNA copy numbers. Data are presented as copy numbers for each individual sample, plus all the copy numbers designated as positive, for comparison between left eye (OS), right eye (OD), and saliva. Results The saliva and tears were taken from 9 rabbits and from 18 eyes and all tested positive at least once. Saliva was positive for HSV-1 DNA at 43.4% (86/198) and tears were positive at 28.0% (111/396). The saliva positives had 48 episodes and the tears had 75 episodes. The mean copy numbers ± the SEM for HSV-1 DNA in saliva were 3773 ± 2019 and 2294 ± 869 for tears (no statistical difference). Conclusion Rabbits latent with strain McKrae shed HSV-1 DNA into their saliva and tears. HSV-1 DNA shedding into the saliva was similar to humans. This is the first evidence that documents HSV-1 DNA in the saliva of latent rabbits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James M Hill
- Department of Ophthalmology LSUHSC School of Medicine, 533 Bolivar Street, Room 3D13, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Al-Dujaili LJ, Clerkin PP, Clement C, McFerrin HE, Bhattacharjee PS, Varnell ED, Kaufman HE, Hill JM. Ocular herpes simplex virus: how are latency, reactivation, recurrent disease and therapy interrelated? Future Microbiol 2011; 6:877-907. [PMID: 21861620 DOI: 10.2217/fmb.11.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Most humans are infected with herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1 in early childhood and remain latently infected throughout life. While most individuals have mild or no symptoms, some will develop destructive HSV keratitis. Ocular infection with HSV-1 and its associated sequelae account for the majority of corneal blindness in industrialized nations. Neuronal latency in the peripheral ganglia is established when transcription of the viral genome is repressed (silenced) except for the latency-associated transcripts and microRNAs. The functions of latency-associated transcripts have been investigated since 1987. Roles have been suggested relating to reactivation, establishment of latency, neuronal protection, antiapoptosis, apoptosis, virulence and asymptomatic shedding. Here, we review HSV-1 latent infections, reactivation, recurrent disease and antiviral therapies for the ocular HSV diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lena J Al-Dujaili
- Department of Ophthalmology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bedadala GR, Palem JR, Graham L, Hill JM, McFerrin HE, Hsia SC. Lytic HSV-1 infection induces the multifunctional transcription factor Early Growth Response-1 (EGR-1) in rabbit corneal cells. Virol J 2011; 8:262. [PMID: 21619646 PMCID: PMC3120787 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-8-262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2011] [Accepted: 05/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1) infections can cause a number of diseases ranging from simple cold sores to dangerous keratitis and lethal encephalitis. The interaction between virus and host cells, critical for viral replication, is being extensively investigated by many laboratories. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that HSV-1 lytic infection triggers the expression of important multi-functional transcription factor Egr1. The mechanisms of induction are mediated, at least in part, by signaling pathways such as NFκB and CREB. METHODS SIRC, VERO, and 293HEK cell lines were infected with HSV-1, and the Egr-1 transcript and protein were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot, respectively. The localization and expression profile of Egr-1 were investigated further by immunofluorescence microscopy analyses. The recruitment of transcription factors to the Egr-1 promoter during infection was studied by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP). Various inhibitors and dominant-negative mutant were used to assess the mechanisms of Egr-1 induction and their effects were addressed by immunofluorescence microscopy. RESULTS Western blot analyses showed that Egr-1 was absent in uninfected cells; however, the protein was detected 24-72 hours post treatment, and the response was directly proportional to the titer of the virus used for infection. Using recombinant HSV-1 expressing EGFP, Egr-1 was detected only in the infected cells. ChIP assays demonstrated that NFкB and cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) were recruited to the Egr-1 promoter upon infection. Additional studies showed that inhibitors of NFкB and dominant-negative CREB repressed the Egr-1 induction by HSV-1 infection. CONCLUSION Collectively, these results demonstrate that Egr-1 is expressed rapidly upon HSV-1 infection and that this novel induction could be due to the NFкB/CREB-mediated transactivation. Egr-1 induction might play a key role in the viral gene expression, replication, inflammation, and the disease progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gautam R Bedadala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland Eastern Shore School of Pharmacy, Princess Anne, MD, USA
| | - Jayavardhana R Palem
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Louisiana Monroe School of Pharmacy, Monroe, LA, USA
| | - Lorna Graham
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland Eastern Shore School of Pharmacy, Princess Anne, MD, USA
| | - James M Hill
- Department of Ophthalmology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Harris E McFerrin
- Department of Biology, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Shao-Chung Hsia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland Eastern Shore School of Pharmacy, Princess Anne, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Bhattacharjee PS, Huq TS, Mandal TK, Graves RA, Muniruzzaman S, Clement C, McFerrin HE, Hill JM. A novel peptide derived from human apolipoprotein E is an inhibitor of tumor growth and ocular angiogenesis. PLoS One 2011; 6:e15905. [PMID: 21253017 PMCID: PMC3017052 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0015905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2010] [Accepted: 11/25/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a hallmark of tumor development and metastasis and now a validated target for cancer treatment. We previously reported that a novel dimer peptide (apoEdp) derived from the receptor binding region of human apolipoprotein E (apoE) inhibits virus-induced angiogenesis. However, its role in tumor anti-angiogenesis is unknown. This study demonstrates that apoEdp has anti-angiogenic property in vivo through reduction of tumor growth in a mouse model and ocular angiogenesis in a rabbit eye model. Our in vitro studies show that apoEdp inhibits human umbilical vein endothelial cell proliferation, migration, invasion and capillary tube formation. We document that apoEdp inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor-induced Flk-1 activation as well as downstream signaling pathways that involve c-Src, Akt, eNOS, FAK, and ERK1/2. These in vitro data suggest potential sites of the apoE dipeptide inhibition that could occur in vivo. This is the first evidence that a synthetic dimer peptide mimicking human apoE has anti-angiogenesis functions and could be an anti-tumor drug candidate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Partha S. Bhattacharjee
- Department of Biology, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
- Department of Ophthalmology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Tashfin S. Huq
- Department of Biology, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Tarun K. Mandal
- College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Richard A. Graves
- College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Syed Muniruzzaman
- Department of Biology, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Christian Clement
- Department of Ophthalmology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Harris E. McFerrin
- Department of Biology, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - James M. Hill
- Department of Ophthalmology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
- Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Shelby BD, LaMarca HL, McFerrin HE, Nelson AB, Lasky JA, Sun G, Myatt L, Offermann MK, Morris CA, Sullivan DE. Kaposi's sarcoma associated herpesvirus G-protein coupled receptor activation of cyclooxygenase-2 in vascular endothelial cells. Virol J 2007; 4:87. [PMID: 17868457 PMCID: PMC2034382 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-4-87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2007] [Accepted: 09/14/2007] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Kaposi's sarcoma associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is the etiologic agent of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), a highly vascularized neoplasm characterized by endothelial-derived spindle-shaped tumor cells. KSHV-infected microvascular endothelial cells demonstrate increased cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression and KS lesions have high levels of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), a short-lived eicosanoid dependent on cyclooxygenase activity that has been linked to pathogenesis of other neoplasias. To determine whether increased COX-2 expression and PGE2 production is mediated by the angiogenic and tumorigenic KSHV-encoded G-protein coupled receptor (vGPCR), we developed a recombinant retrovirus to express vGPCR in Human Umbilical Vascular Endothelial Cells (HUVEC). Results In the present study, we show that vGPCR-expressing HUVEC exhibit a spindle-like morphology that is characteristic of KS endothelial cells and demonstrate selective induction of PGE2 and COX-2. By treating vGPCR-expressing HUVEC with selective and non-selective COX inhibitors, we show that vGPCR-induced PGE2 production is dependent on the expression of COX-2 but not COX-1. Conclusion Taken together, these results demonstrate that vGPCR induces expression of COX-2 and PGE2 that may mediate the paracrine effects of this key viral protein in KS pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bryan D Shelby
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
- Interdisciplinary Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Heather L LaMarca
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
- Interdisciplinary Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Harris E McFerrin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
- Interdisciplinary Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Anne B Nelson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Joseph A Lasky
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Gang Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Leslie Myatt
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Margaret K Offermann
- Department of Hematology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Cindy A Morris
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
- Interdisciplinary Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Deborah E Sullivan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
- Interdisciplinary Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Tenenbaum SA, Morris CA, Alexander SS, McFerrin HE, Garry RF, Leissinger CA. Evidence of HIV exposure and transient seroreactivity in archived HIV-negative severe hemophiliac sera. Virol J 2005; 2:65. [PMID: 16107217 PMCID: PMC1232868 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-2-65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2005] [Accepted: 08/17/2005] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Approximately 25% of hemophiliacs that were frequently exposed to blood clotting factor concentrates (CFCs) contaminated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are presently HIV seronegative. In this study, we sought to determine if some of these individuals were at any time transiently HIV seropositive. In the early to mid-1980s the majority of severe hemophilia patients were exposed to CFCs contaminated with HIV. Although many of these hemophiliacs became HIV-positive, a small percentage did not become infected. To determine if some of these individuals successfully resisted viral infection, we attempted to document the presence of transient HIV reactive antibodies in archived plasma samples (1980–1992) from currently HIV-negative severe hemophiliacs who had a high probability of repeated exposure to HIV contaminated CFC. Archived plasma samples were retrospectively tested using an FDA approved HIV-1Ab HIV-1/HIV-2 (rDNA) enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and a HIV-1 Western blot assay (Wb), neither of which were commercially available until the late 1980s, which was after many of these samples had been drawn. Results We found that during the high risk years of exposure to HIV contaminated CFC (1980–1987), low levels of plasma antibodies reactive with HIV proteins were detectable in 87% (13/15) of the haemophiliacs tested. None of these individuals are presently positive for HIV proviral DNA as assessed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Conclusion Our data suggest that some severe hemophiliacs with heavy exposure to infectious HIV contaminated CFC had only transient low-level humoral immune responses reactive with HIV antigens yet remained HIV-negative and apparently uninfected. Our data supports the possibility of HIV exposure without sustained infection and the existence of HIV-natural resistance in some individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Scott A Tenenbaum
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ge*NY*Sis Center for Excellence in Cancer Genomics, University at Albany-SUNY, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Cindy A Morris
- Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Steve S Alexander
- Ortho Diagnostic Systems, HlV and Hepatitis Research and Development, Raritan, NJ, USA
| | - Harris E McFerrin
- Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Robert F Garry
- Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Cindy A Leissinger
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| |
Collapse
|