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Kang H, Strong AL, Sun Y, Guo L, Juan C, Bancroft AC, Choi JH, Pagani CA, Fernandes AA, Woodard M, Lee J, Ramesh S, James AW, Hudson D, Dalby KN, Xu L, Tower RJ, Levi B. The HIF-1α/PLOD2 axis integrates extracellular matrix organization and cell metabolism leading to aberrant musculoskeletal repair. Bone Res 2024; 12:17. [PMID: 38472175 PMCID: PMC10933265 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-024-00320-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
While hypoxic signaling has been shown to play a role in many cellular processes, its role in metabolism-linked extracellular matrix (ECM) organization and downstream processes of cell fate after musculoskeletal injury remains to be determined. Heterotopic ossification (HO) is a debilitating condition where abnormal bone formation occurs within extra-skeletal tissues. Hypoxia and hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) activation have been shown to promote HO. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms by which the HIF-1α pathway in mesenchymal progenitor cells (MPCs) contributes to pathologic bone formation remain to be elucidated. Here, we used a proven mouse injury-induced HO model to investigate the role of HIF-1α on aberrant cell fate. Using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and spatial transcriptomics analyses of the HO site, we found that collagen ECM organization is the most highly up-regulated biological process in MPCs. Zeugopod mesenchymal cell-specific deletion of Hif1α (Hoxa11-CreERT2; Hif1afl/fl) significantly mitigated HO in vivo. ScRNA-seq analysis of these Hoxa11-CreERT2; Hif1afl/fl mice identified the PLOD2/LOX pathway for collagen cross-linking as downstream of the HIF-1α regulation of HO. Importantly, our scRNA-seq data and mechanistic studies further uncovered that glucose metabolism in MPCs is most highly impacted by HIF-1α deletion. From a translational aspect, a pan-LOX inhibitor significantly decreased HO. A newly screened compound revealed that the inhibition of PLOD2 activity in MPCs significantly decreased osteogenic differentiation and glycolytic metabolism. This suggests that the HIF-1α/PLOD2/LOX axis linked to metabolism regulates HO-forming MPC fate. These results suggest that the HIF-1α/PLOD2/LOX pathway represents a promising strategy to mitigate HO formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heeseog Kang
- Center for Organogenesis, Regeneration and Trauma, Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Amy L Strong
- Section of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Yuxiao Sun
- Center for Organogenesis, Regeneration and Trauma, Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Lei Guo
- Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Peter O'Donnell Jr. School of Public Health, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Conan Juan
- Center for Organogenesis, Regeneration and Trauma, Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Alec C Bancroft
- Center for Organogenesis, Regeneration and Trauma, Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Ji Hae Choi
- Center for Organogenesis, Regeneration and Trauma, Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Chase A Pagani
- Center for Organogenesis, Regeneration and Trauma, Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Aysel A Fernandes
- Department of Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Michael Woodard
- Center for Organogenesis, Regeneration and Trauma, Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Juhoon Lee
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Sowmya Ramesh
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Aaron W James
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - David Hudson
- Department of Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Kevin N Dalby
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Lin Xu
- Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Peter O'Donnell Jr. School of Public Health, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Robert J Tower
- Center for Organogenesis, Regeneration and Trauma, Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Benjamin Levi
- Center for Organogenesis, Regeneration and Trauma, Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
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Strong AL, Rohrich RJ, Tonnard PL, Vargo JD, Cederna PS. Technical Precision with Autologous Fat Grafting for Facial Rejuvenation: A Review of the Evolving Science. Plast Reconstr Surg 2024; 153:360-377. [PMID: 37159906 DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000010643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
SUMMARY The scientific study of facial aging has transformed modern facial rejuvenation. As people age, fat loss in specific fat compartments is a major contributor to structural aging of the face. Autologous fat grafting is safe, abundant, readily available, and completely biocompatible, which makes it the preferred soft-tissue filler in the correction of facial atrophy. The addition of volume through fat grafting gives an aging face a more youthful, healthy, and aesthetic appearance. Harvesting and preparation with different cannula sizes and filter-cartridge techniques have allowed for fat grafts to be divided based on parcel size and cell type into three major subtypes: macrofat, microfat, and nanofat. Macrofat and microfat have the benefit of providing volume to restore areas of facial deflation and atrophy in addition to improving skin quality; nanofat has been shown to improve skin texture and pigmentation. In this article, the authors discuss the current opinions regarding fat grafting and how the evolving science of fat grafting has led to the clinical utility of each type of fat to optimize facial rejuvenation. The opportunity exists to individualize the use of autologous fat grafting with the various subtypes of fat for the targeted correction of aging in different anatomic areas of the face. Fat grafting has become a powerful tool that has revolutionized facial rejuvenation, and developing precise, individualized plans for autologous fat grafting for each patient is an important advancement in the evolution of facial rejuvenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L Strong
- From the Section of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan
| | - Rod J Rohrich
- Dallas Plastic Surgery Institute
- Baylor College of Medicine
| | | | - James D Vargo
- From the Section of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan
| | - Paul S Cederna
- From the Section of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan
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3
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Strong AL, Syrjamaki JD, Kamdar N, Wilkins EG, Sears ED. Oncological Safety of Autologous Fat Grafting for Breast Reconstruction. Ann Plast Surg 2024; 92:21-27. [PMID: 38117044 PMCID: PMC10752252 DOI: 10.1097/sap.0000000000003772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autologous fat grafting has become a vital component of breast reconstruction. However, concerns remain regarding the safety of fat grafting after oncological resection and breast reconstruction. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the association of fat grafting after breast reconstruction with metastasis and death in breast cancer patients. METHODS A retrospective, population-based cohort study was conducted using deidentified claims data from 2001 to 2018 and included privately insured patients with breast cancer who underwent breast reconstruction after surgical resection. Breast reconstruction patients who underwent fat grafting were compared with those not undergoing fat grafting, evaluating metastasis and death up to 15 years after reconstruction. One-to-one propensity score matching was used to account for selection bias on patient risk factors comparing those with and without fat grafting. RESULTS A total of 4709 patients were identified who underwent breast reconstruction after lumpectomy or mastectomy, of which 368 subsequently underwent fat grafting. In the propensity score-matched patients, fat grafting was not associated with an increased risk of lymph node metastasis (9.7% fat-grafted vs 11.4% in non-fat-grafted, P = 0.47) or distant metastasis (9.1% fat-grafted vs 10.5% in non-fat-grafted, P = 0.53). There was no increased risk of all-cause mortality after fat grafting for breast reconstruction (3.9% fat-grafted vs 6.6% non-fat-grafted, P = 0.10). CONCLUSIONS Among breast cancer patients who subsequently underwent fat grafting, compared with no fat grafting, no significant increase was observed in distant metastasis or all-cause mortality. These findings suggest that autologous fat grafting after oncologic resection and reconstruction was not associated with an increased risk of future metastasis or death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L. Strong
- Section of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109
| | - John D. Syrjamaki
- Section of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109
| | - Neil Kamdar
- Michigan Value Collaborative, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
- Institute for Healthcare Policy and Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109
| | - Edwin G. Wilkins
- Section of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109
| | - Erika D. Sears
- Section of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109
- VA Center for Clinical Management Research, VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI
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Lynn JV, Strong AL, Chung KC. Flexor Tendon Rupture Secondary to Gout. Arch Plast Surg 2023; 50:492-495. [PMID: 37808337 PMCID: PMC10556320 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1772756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Extra-articular deposition of monosodium urate crystals is a widely recognized manifestation of gout. However, gouty infiltration of flexor tendons in the hand resulting in tendon rupture is exceedingly rare. This case report highlights a patient with gouty infiltration of flexor tendons in the right middle finger resulting in rupture of both the flexor digitorum profundus and flexor digitorum superficialis. Given the extent of gouty infiltration and need for pulley reconstruction, the patient was treated with two-stage flexor tendon reconstruction. Febuxostat was prescribed preoperatively to limit further deposition of monosodium urate crystals and continued postoperatively to maximize the potential for long-lasting results. Prednisone was prescribed between the first- and second-stage operations to prevent a gout flare while the silicone rod was in place. In summary, tendon rupture secondary to gouty infiltration is the most likely diagnosis in patients with a history of gout presenting with tendon insufficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy V. Lynn
- Section of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Amy L. Strong
- Section of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Kevin C. Chung
- Section of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Santosa KB, Hayward L, Matusko N, Kubiak CA, Strong AL, Waljee JF, Jagsi R, Sandhu G. Attributions and perpetrators of incivility in academic surgery. Global Surg Educ 2023; 2:56. [PMID: 38013864 PMCID: PMC10174620 DOI: 10.1007/s44186-023-00129-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Although incivility has been described in other specialties, little is known about the attributes and perpetrators of it in academic surgery. The goal of this study was to identify attributes and commonly associated perpetrators of incivility experienced by trainees and faculty at academic surgery programs in the U.S. Methods A web-based survey including the Workplace Incivility Scale (WIS) and questions regarding attributions and perpetrators of incivility was sent to trainees and faculty at academic institutions across the U.S. In addition to descriptive statistics, multivariable regression models were built to determine the impact of perpetrator type and number on overall incivility scores. Results We received 367 of 2,661 (13.8%) responses. Top three reasons for incivility were surgery hierarchy (50.1%), respondent's gender (33.8%) and intergenerational differences (28.1%). Faculty (58.6%), patients (36.8%), and nursing staff (31.9%) were the most reported parties responsible for incivility. Female surgeons reported experiencing incivility more frequently from all three top responsible parties (i.e., faculty, patients, and nurses) when compared to other gender identities. Additionally, those who reported faculty (β = 0.61, 95%CI 0.39-0.82) or nurses (β = 0.23, 95%CI 0.009-0.45) as perpetrators of incivility reported an increase in overall incivility scores. Conclusions Incivility in surgery is frequently attributed to surgery hierarchy, gender, and intergenerational differences. Surgical trainees and faculty reported that faculty, patients, and nurses were the most commonly identified as responsible for uncivil events in the surgical workforce. Exposure to a greater variety of perpetrators of incivility increases overall levels of incivility, emphasizing the importance of eliminating incivility from all sources. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s44186-023-00129-1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Hayward
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Niki Matusko
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Carrie A. Kubiak
- Section of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA USA
| | - Amy L. Strong
- Section of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Jennifer F. Waljee
- Section of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Reshma Jagsi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Gurjit Sandhu
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, 1500 E Medical Center Dr 2207 Taubman Center SPC 5346, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5346 USA
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6
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Nunez JH, Strong AL, Comish P, Hespe GE, Harvey J, Sorkin M, Levi B. A Review of Laser Therapies for the Treatment of Scarring and Vascular Anomalies. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2023; 12:68-84. [PMID: 35951024 DOI: 10.1089/wound.2021.0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Significance: Laser use has become part of the gold standard of treatment as an effective adjuvant in multimodal therapy for pathologic scarring caused by burns, trauma, acne, and surgery, as well as vascular anomalies. Understanding indications and applications for laser therapy is essential for physicians to improve patient outcomes. Recent Advances: Since the 1980s, the medical use of lasers has continuously evolved with improvements in technology. Novel lasers and fractionated technologies are currently being studied in the hopes to improve treatment efficacy, while reducing complications. Recent advancements include acne treatment with novel picosecond lasers, new hypertrophic scar therapies with simultaneous laser and intense pulsed light use, and novel systems such as lasers with intralesional optical fiber delivery devices. In addition, optimizing the timing of laser therapy and its use in multimodal treatments continue to advance the field of photothermolysis. Critical Issues: Selecting the correct laser for a given indication is the fundamental decision when choosing a laser balancing effective treatment with minimal complications. This article covers the principles of laser therapy, the preferred lasers used for the treatment of scarring and vascular anomalies, and discusses the current evidence behind these laser choices. Future Directions: To optimize laser therapy, larger randomized control trials and split scar studies are needed. Continued advancement through better randomized controlled studies will help to improve patient outcomes on a broader scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna H Nunez
- Department of Surgery, Center for Organogenesis Research and Trauma, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Amy L Strong
- Section of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Paul Comish
- Department of Surgery, Center for Organogenesis Research and Trauma, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Geoffrey E Hespe
- Section of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jalen Harvey
- Department of Surgery, Center for Organogenesis Research and Trauma, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Michael Sorkin
- Section of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Benjamin Levi
- Department of Surgery, Center for Organogenesis Research and Trauma, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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7
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Pagani CA, Bancroft AC, Tower RJ, Livingston N, Sun Y, Hong JY, Kent RN, Strong AL, Nunez JH, Medrano JMR, Patel N, Nanes BA, Dean KM, Li Z, Ge C, Baker BM, James AW, Weiss SJ, Franceschi RT, Levi B. Discoidin domain receptor 2 regulates aberrant mesenchymal lineage cell fate and matrix organization. Sci Adv 2022; 8:eabq6152. [PMID: 36542719 PMCID: PMC9770942 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abq6152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions regulate both the cell transcriptome and proteome, thereby determining cell fate. Traumatic heterotopic ossification (HO) is a disorder characterized by aberrant mesenchymal lineage (MLin) cell differentiation, forming bone within soft tissues of the musculoskeletal system following traumatic injury. Recent work has shown that HO is influenced by ECM-MLin cell receptor signaling, but how ECM binding affects cellular outcomes remains unclear. Using time course transcriptomic and proteomic analyses, we identified discoidin domain receptor 2 (DDR2), a cell surface receptor for fibrillar collagen, as a key MLin cell regulator in HO formation. Inhibition of DDR2 signaling, through either constitutive or conditional Ddr2 deletion or pharmaceutical inhibition, reduced HO formation in mice. Mechanistically, DDR2 perturbation alters focal adhesion orientation and subsequent matrix organization, modulating Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK) and Yes1 Associated Transcriptional Regulator and WW Domain Containing Transcription Regulator 1 (YAP/TAZ)-mediated MLin cell signaling. Hence, ECM-DDR2 interactions are critical in driving HO and could serve as a previously unknown therapeutic target for treating this disease process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chase A. Pagani
- Center for Organogenesis and Trauma, Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Alec C. Bancroft
- Center for Organogenesis and Trauma, Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Robert J. Tower
- Center for Organogenesis and Trauma, Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Nicholas Livingston
- Center for Organogenesis and Trauma, Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Yuxiao Sun
- Center for Organogenesis and Trauma, Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jonathan Y. Hong
- Center for Organogenesis and Trauma, Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Robert N. Kent
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Amy L. Strong
- Section of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Johanna H. Nunez
- Center for Organogenesis and Trauma, Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jessica Marie R. Medrano
- Center for Organogenesis and Trauma, Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Nicole Patel
- Section of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Benjamin A. Nanes
- Department of Dermatology, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA
- Lydia Hill Department of Bioinformatics, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Kevin M. Dean
- Lydia Hill Department of Bioinformatics, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA
- Cecil H. and The Ida Green Center for Systems Biology, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Zhao Li
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Chunxi Ge
- School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Brendon M. Baker
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Aaron W. James
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Stephen J. Weiss
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Benjamin Levi
- Center for Organogenesis and Trauma, Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA
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8
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Spreadborough PJ, Strong AL, Mares J, Levi B, Davis TA. Tourniquet use following blast-associated complex lower limb injury and traumatic amputation promotes end organ dysfunction and amplified heterotopic ossification formation. J Orthop Surg Res 2022; 17:422. [PMID: 36123728 PMCID: PMC9484189 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-022-03321-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Traumatic heterotopic ossification (tHO) is characterized by ectopic bone formation in extra-skeletal sites leading to impaired wound healing, entrapment of neurovascular structures, pain, and reduced range of motion. HO has become a signature pathology affecting wounded military personnel who have sustained blast-associated traumatic amputations during the recent conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan and can compound recovery by causing difficulty with prosthesis limb wearing. Tourniquet use to control catastrophic limb hemorrhage prior to surgery has become almost ubiquitous during this time, with the recognition the prolonged use may risk an ischemia reperfusion injury and associated complications. While many factors influence the formation of tHO, the extended use of tourniquets to limit catastrophic hemorrhage during prolonged field care has not been explored. Methods Utilizing an established pre-clinical model of blast-associated complex lower limb injury and traumatic amputation, we evaluated the effects of tourniquet use on tHO formation. Adult male rats were subjected to blast overpressure exposure, femur fracture, and soft tissue crush injury. Pneumatic tourniquet (250–300 mmHg) applied proximal to the injured limb for 150-min was compared to a control group without tourniquet, before a trans-femoral amputation was performed. Outcome measures were volume to tHO formation at 12 weeks and changes in proteomic and genomic markers of early tHO formation between groups. Results At 12 weeks, volumetric analysis with microCT imaging revealed a 70% increase in total bone formation (p = 0.007) near the site of injury compared to rats with no tourniquet time in the setting of blast-injuries. Rats subjected to tourniquet usage had increased expression of danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and end organ damage as early as 6 h and as late as 7 days post injury. The expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines and osteochondrogenic genes using quantitative RT-PCR similarly revealed increased expression as early as 6 h post injury, and these genes along with hypoxia associated genes remained elevated for 7 days compared to no tourniquet use. Conclusion These findings suggest that tourniquet induced ischemia leads to significant increases in key transcription factors associated with early endochondral bone formation, systemic inflammatory and hypoxia, resulting in increased HO formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip J Spreadborough
- Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA.,Academic Department of Military Surgery and Trauma, Royal Centre for Defence Medicine, Birmingham, UK
| | - Amy L Strong
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - John Mares
- Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Benjamin Levi
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Thomas A Davis
- Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA.
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Patel NK, Nunez JH, Sorkin M, Marini S, Pagani CA, Strong AL, Hwang CD, Li S, Padmanabhan KR, Kumar R, Bancroft AC, Greenstein JA, Nelson R, Rasheed HA, Livingston N, Vasquez K, Huber AK, Levi B. Macrophage TGFβ signaling is critical for wound healing with heterotopic ossification after trauma. JCI Insight 2022; 7:144925. [PMID: 36099022 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.144925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ1) plays a central role in normal and aberrant wound healing, but the precise mechanism in the local environment remains elusive. Here, using a mouse model of aberrant wound healing resulting in heterotopic ossification (HO) after traumatic injury, we find autocrine TGFβ1 signaling in macrophages, and not mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells (MPCs), is critical in HO formation. In-depth single cell transcriptomic and epigenomic analyses in combination with immunostaining of cells from the injury site demonstrate increased TGFβ1 signaling in early infiltrating macrophages, with open chromatin regions in TGFβ1 stimulated genes at binding sites specific for transcription factors of activated TGFβ1 (SMAD2/3). Genetic deletion of TGFβ1 receptor type 1, (Tgfbr1;Alk5) in macrophages, results in increased HO, with a trend toward decreased tendinous HO. To bypass the effect seen by altering the receptor we administered a systemic treatment with TGFβ1/3 ligand trap TGFβRII-Fc, which results in decreased HO formation and a delay macrophage infiltration to the injury site. Overall, our data support the role of the TGFβ1/ALK5 signaling pathway in HO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole K Patel
- Section of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, United States of America
| | - Johanna H Nunez
- Department of Surgery, The UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States of America
| | - Michael Sorkin
- Section of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, United States of America
| | - Simone Marini
- Department of Epidemiology and Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, United States of America
| | - Chase A Pagani
- Department of Surgery, The UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States of America
| | - Amy L Strong
- Section of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, United States of America
| | - Charles D Hwang
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, United States of America
| | - Shuli Li
- Section of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, United States of America
| | - Karthik R Padmanabhan
- Epigenmics Core Facility, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, United States of America
| | - Ravi Kumar
- NA, Acceleron Pharma, Inc, Cambridge, United States of America
| | - Alec C Bancroft
- Department of Surgery, The UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States of America
| | - Joseph A Greenstein
- Section of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, United States of America
| | - Reagan Nelson
- Section of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, United States of America
| | - Husain A Rasheed
- Section of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, United States of America
| | - Nicholas Livingston
- Department of Surgery, The UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States of America
| | - Kaetlin Vasquez
- Section of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, United States of America
| | - Amanda K Huber
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, United States of America
| | - Benjamin Levi
- Department of Surgery, The UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States of America
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10
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Khouri AN, Adidharma W, MacEachern M, Haase SC, Waljee JF, Cederna PS, Strong AL. The Current State of Fat Grafting in the Hand: A Systematic Review for Hand Diseases. Hand (N Y) 2022; 18:543-552. [PMID: 35130761 DOI: 10.1177/15589447211066347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Autologous fat grafting (AFG) has traditionally been used for facial rejuvenation and soft tissue augmentation, but in recent years, its use has expanded to treat diseases of the hand. Autologous fat grafting is ideal for use in the hand because it is minimally invasive, can restore volume, and has regenerative capabilities. This review summarizes the emerging evidence regarding the safety and efficacy of AFG to the hand in several conditions, including systemic sclerosis, Dupuytren disease, osteoarthritis, burns, and traumatic fingertip injuries. A Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses-compliant literature search on the use of AFG in hand pathologies was performed on October 8, 2020, in Ovid MEDLINE, Elsevier Embase, Clarivate Web of Science, and Wiley Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. The retrieved hits were screened and reviewed by 2 independent reviewers and a third reviewer adjudicated when required. Reviewers identified 919 unique hits. Screening of the abstracts identified 22 manuscripts which described the use of AFG to treat an identified hand condition. Studies suggest AFG in the hands is a safe, noninvasive option for the management of systemic sclerosis, Dupuytren contracture, osteoarthritis, burns, and traumatic fingertip injuries. While AFG is a promising therapeutic option for autoimmune, inflammatory, and fibrotic disease manifestations in the hand, further studies are warranted to understand its efficacy and to establish more robust clinical guidelines. Studies to date show the regenerative, immunomodulatory, and volume-filling properties of AFG that facilitate wound healing and restoration of hand function with limited complications.
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11
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Baglien B, Strong AL. Discussion: Induced Beige Adipocytes Improved Fat Graft Retention by Promoting Adipogenesis and Angiogenesis. Plast Reconstr Surg 2021; 148:559-560. [PMID: 34432685 DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000008228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brigit Baglien
- From the Section of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan
| | - Amy L Strong
- From the Section of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan
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12
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Schaefer SL, Strong AL, Bahroloomi S, Han J, Whisman MK, Wilkowski JM, Angeles CV. Large intraperitoneal lipoleiomyoma in a pre-menopausal woman: a case report. World J Surg Oncol 2021; 19:144. [PMID: 33964957 PMCID: PMC8106865 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-021-02256-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lipoleiomyoma is a rare, benign variant of the commonplace uterine leiomyoma. Unlike leiomyoma, these tumors are composed of smooth muscle cells admixed with mature adipose tissue. While rare, they are most frequently identified in the uterus, but even more infrequently have been described in extrauterine locations. Case presentation We describe a case report of a 45-year-old woman with a history of in vitro fertilization pregnancy presenting 6 years later with abdominal distention and weight loss found to have a 30-cm intra-abdominal lipoleiomyoma. While cross-sectional imaging can narrow the differential diagnosis, histopathological analysis with stains positive for smooth muscle actin, desmin, and estrogen receptor, but negative for HMB-45 confirms the diagnosis of lipoleiomyoma. The large encapsulated tumor was resected en bloc. The patients post-operative course was uneventful and her symptoms resolved. Conclusions Lipoleiomyoma should be considered on the differential diagnosis in a woman with a large intra-abdominal mass. While considered benign, resection should be considered if the mass is symptomatic, and the diagnosis is unclear or there is a concern for malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara L Schaefer
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan School of Medicine, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109-5932, USA
| | - Amy L Strong
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan School of Medicine, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109-5932, USA
| | - Sheena Bahroloomi
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan School of Medicine, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109-5932, USA
| | - Jichang Han
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, 1 Rope Ferry Road, Hanover, New Hampshire, 03755, USA
| | - Michella K Whisman
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109-5932, USA
| | - Jodi M Wilkowski
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan School of Medicine, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109-5932, USA
| | - Christina V Angeles
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan School of Medicine, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109-5932, USA.
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13
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Edwards NJ, Hobson E, Dey D, Rhodes A, Overmann A, Hoyt B, Walsh SA, Pagani CA, Strong AL, Hespe GE, Padmanabhan KR, Huber A, Deng C, Davis TA, Levi B. High Frequency Spectral Ultrasound Imaging Detects Early Heterotopic Ossification in Rodents. Stem Cells Dev 2021; 30:473-484. [PMID: 33715398 PMCID: PMC8106252 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2021.0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterotopic ossification (HO) is a devastating condition in which ectopic bone forms inappropriately in soft tissues following traumatic injuries and orthopedic surgeries as a result of aberrant mesenchymal progenitor cell (MPC) differentiation. HO leads to chronic pain, decreased range of motion, and an overall decrease in quality of life. While several treatments have shown promise in animal models, all must be given during early stages of formation. Methods for early determination of whether and where endochondral ossification/soft tissue mineralization (HO anlagen) develop are lacking. At-risk patients are not identified sufficiently early in the process of MPC differentiation and soft tissue endochondral ossification for potential treatments to be effective. Hence, a critical need exists to develop technologies capable of detecting HO anlagen soon after trauma, when treatments are most effective. In this study, we investigate high frequency spectral ultrasound imaging (SUSI) as a noninvasive strategy to identify HO anlagen at early time points after injury. We show that by determining quantitative parameters based on tissue organization and structure, SUSI identifies HO anlagen as early as 1-week postinjury in a mouse model of burn/tenotomy and 3 days postinjury in a rat model of blast/amputation. We analyze single cell RNA sequencing profiles of the MPCs responsible for HO formation and show that the early tissue changes detected by SUSI match chondrogenic and osteogenic gene expression in this population. SUSI identifies sites of soft tissue endochondral ossification at early stages of HO formation so that effective intervention can be targeted when and where it is needed following trauma-induced injury. Furthermore, we characterize the chondrogenic to osteogenic transition that occurs in the MPCs during HO formation and correlate gene expression to SUSI detection of the HO anlagen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole J. Edwards
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Eric Hobson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Devaveena Dey
- Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Alisha Rhodes
- Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Archie Overmann
- Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Benjamin Hoyt
- Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sarah A. Walsh
- Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Chase A. Pagani
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Amy L. Strong
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Geoffrey E. Hespe
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Amanda Huber
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Cheri Deng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Thomas A. Davis
- Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Benjamin Levi
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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14
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Pagani CA, Huber AK, Hwang C, Marini S, Padmanabhan K, Livingston N, Nunez J, Sun Y, Edwards N, Cheng YH, Visser N, Yu P, Patel N, Greenstein JA, Rasheed H, Nelson R, Kessel K, Vasquez K, Strong AL, Hespe GE, Song JY, Wellik DM, Levi B. Novel Lineage-Tracing System to Identify Site-Specific Ectopic Bone Precursor Cells. Stem Cell Reports 2021; 16:626-640. [PMID: 33606989 PMCID: PMC7940250 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2021.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterotopic ossification (HO) is a form of pathological cell-fate change of mesenchymal stem/precursor cells (MSCs) that occurs following traumatic injury, limiting range of motion in extremities and causing pain. MSCs have been shown to differentiate to form bone; however, their lineage and aberrant processes after trauma are not well understood. Utilizing a well-established mouse HO model and inducible lineage-tracing mouse (Hoxa11-CreERT2;ROSA26-LSL-TdTomato), we found that Hoxa11-lineage cells represent HO progenitors specifically in the zeugopod. Bioinformatic single-cell transcriptomic and epigenomic analyses showed Hoxa11-lineage cells are regionally restricted mesenchymal cells that, after injury, gain the potential to undergo differentiation toward chondrocytes, osteoblasts, and adipocytes. This study identifies Hoxa11-lineage cells as zeugopod-specific ectopic bone progenitors and elucidates the fate specification and multipotency that mesenchymal cells acquire after injury. Furthermore, this highlights homeobox patterning genes as useful tools to trace region-specific progenitors and enable location-specific gene deletion. Lineage tracing, single-cell RNA-seq and single cell ATAC enable cell specific analysis of in vivo cell fate Hoxa11 lineage marks distinct mesenchymal precursors in the zeugopod Hoxa11 lineage mesenchymal precursors undergo an aberrant cell fate change towards ectopic bone and cartilage
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Affiliation(s)
- Chase A Pagani
- Center for Organogenesis and Trauma, Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern, 6000 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75235, USA
| | - Amanda K Huber
- Section of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Charles Hwang
- Section of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Simone Marini
- Section of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | | | - Nicholas Livingston
- Center for Organogenesis and Trauma, Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern, 6000 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75235, USA
| | - Johanna Nunez
- Center for Organogenesis and Trauma, Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern, 6000 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75235, USA
| | - Yuxiao Sun
- Center for Organogenesis and Trauma, Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern, 6000 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75235, USA
| | - Nicole Edwards
- Section of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yu-Hao Cheng
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Noelle Visser
- Section of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Pauline Yu
- Section of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Nicole Patel
- Section of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Joseph A Greenstein
- Section of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Husain Rasheed
- Section of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Reagan Nelson
- Section of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Karen Kessel
- Section of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Kaetlin Vasquez
- Section of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Amy L Strong
- Section of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Geoffrey E Hespe
- Section of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jane Y Song
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Deneen M Wellik
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Benjamin Levi
- Center for Organogenesis and Trauma, Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern, 6000 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75235, USA.
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15
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Rheuban JE, Gassett PR, McCorkle DC, Hunt CW, Liebman M, Bastidas C, O'Brien-Clayton K, Pimenta AR, Silva E, Vlahos P, Woosley RJ, Ries J, Liberti CM, Grear J, Salisbury J, Brady DC, Guay K, LaVigne M, Strong AL, Stancioff E, Turner E. Synoptic assessment of coastal total alkalinity through community science. Environ Res Lett 2021. [PMID: 35069797 DOI: 10.4211/hs.4364cffedc7e49d49255eef5f8e83148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Comprehensive sampling of the carbonate system in estuaries and coastal waters can be difficult and expensive because of the complex and heterogeneous nature of near-shore environments. We show that sample collection by community science programs is a viable strategy for expanding estuarine carbonate system monitoring and prioritizing regions for more targeted assessment. 'Shell Day' was a single-day regional water monitoring event coordinating coastal carbonate chemistry observations by 59 community science programs and seven research institutions in the northeastern United States, in which 410 total alkalinity (TA) samples from 86 stations were collected. Field replicates collected at both low and high tides had a mean standard deviation between replicates of 3.6 ± 0.3 μmol kg-1 (σ mean ± SE, n = 145) or 0.20 ± 0.02%. This level of precision demonstrates that with adequate protocols for sample collection, handling, storage, and analysis, community science programs are able to collect TA samples leading to high-quality analyses and data. Despite correlations between salinity, temperature, and TA observed at multiple spatial scales, empirical predictions of TA had relatively high root mean square error >48 μmol kg-1. Additionally, ten stations displayed tidal variability in TA that was not likely driven by low TA freshwater inputs. As such, TA cannot be predicted accurately from salinity using a single relationship across the northeastern US region, though predictions may be viable at more localized scales where consistent freshwater and seawater endmembers can be defined. There was a high degree of geographic heterogeneity in both mean and tidal variability in TA, and this single-day snapshot sampling identified three patterns driving variation in TA, with certain locations exhibiting increased risk of acidification. The success of Shell Day implies that similar community science based events could be conducted in other regions to not only expand understanding of the coastal carbonate system, but also provide a way to inventory monitoring assets, build partnerships with stakeholders, and expand education and outreach to a broader constituency.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Rheuban
- Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole, MA 02543, United States of America
- Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole Sea Grant, Woods Hole, MA 02543, United States of America
| | - P R Gassett
- University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, United States of America
- Maine Sea Grant, Orono, ME 04469, United States of America
- Equally contributing first author
| | - D C McCorkle
- Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Department of Geology and Geophysics, Woods Hole, MA 02543, United States of America
| | - C W Hunt
- University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, United States of America
| | - M Liebman
- US Environmental Protection Agency Region 1, Boston, MA 02109, United States of America
| | - C Bastidas
- MIT Sea Grant, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States of America
| | - K O'Brien-Clayton
- Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection, Hartford, CT 06106, United States of America
| | - A R Pimenta
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Atlantic Coastal Environmental Sciences Division, Narragansett, RI 02882, United States of America
| | - E Silva
- Northeastern Regional Association of Coastal Ocean Observing Systems (NERACOOS), Portsmouth, NH 03801, United States of America
| | - P Vlahos
- University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, United States of America
| | - R J Woosley
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Center for Global Change Science, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States of America
| | - J Ries
- Northeastern University, Marine Science Center, Department of Marine & Environmental Science, Nahant, MA 01908, United States of America
| | - C M Liberti
- University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, United States of America
| | - J Grear
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Atlantic Coastal Environmental Sciences Division, Narragansett, RI 02882, United States of America
| | - J Salisbury
- University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, United States of America
| | - D C Brady
- University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, United States of America
| | - K Guay
- Bowdoin College, Department of Earth and Oceanographic Science, Brunswick, ME 04011, United States of America
| | - M LaVigne
- Bowdoin College, Department of Earth and Oceanographic Science, Brunswick, ME 04011, United States of America
| | - A L Strong
- Hamilton College, Environmental Studies Program, Clinton, NY 13323, United States of America
| | - E Stancioff
- Maine Sea Grant, Orono, ME 04469, United States of America
- University of Maine Cooperative Extension Office, Waldoboro, ME 04572, United States of America
| | - E Turner
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, Silver Spring, MD 20910, United States of America, Retired
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16
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Rheuban JE, Gassett PR, McCorkle DC, Hunt CW, Liebman M, Bastidas C, O’Brien-Clayton K, Pimenta AR, Silva E, Vlahos P, Woosley RJ, Ries J, Liberti CM, Grear J, Salisbury J, Brady DC, Guay K, LaVigne M, Strong AL, Stancioff E, Turner E. Synoptic assessment of coastal total alkalinity through community science. Environ Res Lett 2021; 16:1-14. [PMID: 35069797 PMCID: PMC8780830 DOI: 10.1088/1748-9326/abcb39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Comprehensive sampling of the carbonate system in estuaries and coastal waters can be difficult and expensive because of the complex and heterogeneous nature of near-shore environments. We show that sample collection by community science programs is a viable strategy for expanding estuarine carbonate system monitoring and prioritizing regions for more targeted assessment. 'Shell Day' was a single-day regional water monitoring event coordinating coastal carbonate chemistry observations by 59 community science programs and seven research institutions in the northeastern United States, in which 410 total alkalinity (TA) samples from 86 stations were collected. Field replicates collected at both low and high tides had a mean standard deviation between replicates of 3.6 ± 0.3 μmol kg-1 (σ mean ± SE, n = 145) or 0.20 ± 0.02%. This level of precision demonstrates that with adequate protocols for sample collection, handling, storage, and analysis, community science programs are able to collect TA samples leading to high-quality analyses and data. Despite correlations between salinity, temperature, and TA observed at multiple spatial scales, empirical predictions of TA had relatively high root mean square error >48 μmol kg-1. Additionally, ten stations displayed tidal variability in TA that was not likely driven by low TA freshwater inputs. As such, TA cannot be predicted accurately from salinity using a single relationship across the northeastern US region, though predictions may be viable at more localized scales where consistent freshwater and seawater endmembers can be defined. There was a high degree of geographic heterogeneity in both mean and tidal variability in TA, and this single-day snapshot sampling identified three patterns driving variation in TA, with certain locations exhibiting increased risk of acidification. The success of Shell Day implies that similar community science based events could be conducted in other regions to not only expand understanding of the coastal carbonate system, but also provide a way to inventory monitoring assets, build partnerships with stakeholders, and expand education and outreach to a broader constituency.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Rheuban
- Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole, MA 02543, United States of America
- Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole Sea Grant, Woods Hole, MA 02543, United States of America
| | - P R Gassett
- University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, United States of America
- Maine Sea Grant, Orono, ME 04469, United States of America
- Equally contributing first author
| | - D C McCorkle
- Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Department of Geology and Geophysics, Woods Hole, MA 02543, United States of America
| | - C W Hunt
- University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, United States of America
| | - M Liebman
- US Environmental Protection Agency Region 1, Boston, MA 02109, United States of America
| | - C Bastidas
- MIT Sea Grant, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States of America
| | - K O’Brien-Clayton
- Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection, Hartford, CT 06106, United States of America
| | - A R Pimenta
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Atlantic Coastal Environmental Sciences Division, Narragansett, RI 02882, United States of America
| | - E Silva
- Northeastern Regional Association of Coastal Ocean Observing Systems (NERACOOS), Portsmouth, NH 03801, United States of America
| | - P Vlahos
- University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, United States of America
| | - R J Woosley
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Center for Global Change Science, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States of America
| | - J Ries
- Northeastern University, Marine Science Center, Department of Marine & Environmental Science, Nahant, MA 01908, United States of America
| | - C M Liberti
- University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, United States of America
| | - J Grear
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Atlantic Coastal Environmental Sciences Division, Narragansett, RI 02882, United States of America
| | - J Salisbury
- University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, United States of America
| | - D C Brady
- University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, United States of America
| | - K Guay
- Bowdoin College, Department of Earth and Oceanographic Science, Brunswick, ME 04011, United States of America
| | - M LaVigne
- Bowdoin College, Department of Earth and Oceanographic Science, Brunswick, ME 04011, United States of America
| | - A L Strong
- Hamilton College, Environmental Studies Program, Clinton, NY 13323, United States of America
| | - E Stancioff
- Maine Sea Grant, Orono, ME 04469, United States of America
- University of Maine Cooperative Extension Office, Waldoboro, ME 04572, United States of America
| | - E Turner
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, Silver Spring, MD 20910, United States of America, Retired
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17
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Strong AL, Spreadborough PJ, Dey D, Yang P, Li S, Lee A, Haskins RM, Grimm PD, Kumar R, Bradley MJ, Yu PB, Levi B, Davis TA. BMP Ligand Trap ALK3-Fc Attenuates Osteogenesis and Heterotopic Ossification in Blast-Related Lower Extremity Trauma. Stem Cells Dev 2021; 30:91-105. [PMID: 33256557 PMCID: PMC7826435 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2020.0162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic heterotopic ossification (tHO) commonly develops in wounded service members who sustain high-energy and blast-related traumatic amputations. Currently, no safe and effective preventive measures have been identified for this patient population. Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling blockade has previously been shown to reduce ectopic bone formation in genetic models of HO. In this study, we demonstrate the efficacy of small-molecule inhibition with LDN193189 (ALK2/ALK3 inhibition), LDN212854 (ALK2-biased inhibition), and BMP ligand trap ALK3-Fc at inhibiting early and late osteogenic differentiation of tissue-resident mesenchymal progenitor cells (MPCs) harvested from mice subjected to burn/tenotomy, a well-characterized trauma-induced model of HO. Using an established rat tHO model of blast-related extremity trauma and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection, a significant decrease in ectopic bone volume was observed by micro-computed tomography imaging following treatment with LDN193189, LDN212854, and ALK3-Fc. The efficacy of LDN193189 and LDN212854 in this model was associated with weight loss (17%-19%) within the first two postoperative weeks, and in the case of LDN193189, delayed wound healing and metastatic infection was observed, while ALK3-Fc was well tolerated. At day 14 following injury, RNA-Seq and quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that ALK3-Fc enhanced the expression of skeletal muscle structural genes and myogenic transcriptional factors while inhibiting the expression of inflammatory genes. Tissue-resident MPCs harvested from rats treated with ALK3-Fc exhibited reduced osteogenic differentiation, proliferation, and self-renewal capacity and diminished expression of genes associated with endochondral ossification and SMAD-dependent signaling pathways. Together, these results confirm the contribution of BMP signaling in osteogenic differentiation and ectopic bone formation and that a selective ligand-trap approach such as ALK3-Fc may be an effective and tolerable prophylactic strategy for tHO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L. Strong
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Health Systems, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Philip J. Spreadborough
- Regenerative Medicine Department, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
- Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Devaveena Dey
- Regenerative Medicine Department, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
- Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Peiran Yang
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shuli Li
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Health Systems, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Arthur Lee
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Ryan M. Haskins
- Regenerative Medicine Department, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Patrick D. Grimm
- Regenerative Medicine Department, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
- Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ravi Kumar
- Acceleron Pharma, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Matthew J. Bradley
- Regenerative Medicine Department, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
- Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Paul B. Yu
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Benjamin Levi
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Health Systems, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Thomas A. Davis
- Regenerative Medicine Department, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
- Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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18
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Edwards NJ, Hwang C, Marini S, Pagani CA, Spreadborough PJ, Rowe CJ, Yu P, Mei A, Visser N, Li S, Hespe GE, Huber AK, Strong AL, Shelef MA, Knight JS, Davis TA, Levi B. The role of neutrophil extracellular traps and TLR signaling in skeletal muscle ischemia reperfusion injury. FASEB J 2020; 34:15753-15770. [PMID: 33089917 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000994rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury results in devastating skeletal muscle fibrosis. Here, we recapitulate this injury with a mouse model of hindlimb IR injury which leads to skeletal muscle fibrosis. Injury resulted in extensive immune infiltration with robust neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation in the skeletal muscle, however, direct targeting of NETs via the peptidylarginine deiminase 4 (PAD4) mechanism was insufficient to reduce muscle fibrosis. Circulating levels of IL-10 and TNFα were significantly elevated post injury, indicating toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling may be involved in muscle injury. Administration of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), a small molecule inhibitor of TLR7/8/9, following injury reduced NET formation, IL-10, and TNFα levels and ultimately mitigated muscle fibrosis and improved myofiber regeneration following IR injury. HCQ treatment decreased fibroadipogenic progenitor cell proliferation and partially inhibited ERK1/2 phosphorylation in the injured tissue, suggesting it may act through a combination of TLR7/8/9 and ERK signaling mechanisms. We demonstrate that treatment with FDA-approved HCQ leads to decreased muscle fibrosis and increased myofiber regeneration following IR injury, suggesting short-term HCQ treatment may be a viable treatment to prevent muscle fibrosis in ischemia reperfusion and traumatic extremity injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole J Edwards
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Charles Hwang
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Simone Marini
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Chase A Pagani
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Philip J Spreadborough
- Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Cassie J Rowe
- Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Pauline Yu
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Annie Mei
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Noelle Visser
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Shuli Li
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Geoffrey E Hespe
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Amanda K Huber
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Amy L Strong
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Miriam A Shelef
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Wisconsin and William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jason S Knight
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Thomas A Davis
- Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Benjamin Levi
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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19
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Strong AL, Spreadborough PJ, Pagani CA, Haskins RM, Dey D, Grimm PD, Kaneko K, Marini S, Huber AK, Hwang C, Westover K, Mishina Y, Bradley MJ, Levi B, Davis TA. Small molecule inhibition of non-canonical (TAK1-mediated) BMP signaling results in reduced chondrogenic ossification and heterotopic ossification in a rat model of blast-associated combat-related lower limb trauma. Bone 2020; 139:115517. [PMID: 32622875 PMCID: PMC7945876 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Heterotopic ossification (HO) is defined as ectopic bone formation around joints and in soft tissues following trauma, particularly blast-related extremity injuries, thermal injuries, central nerve injuries, or orthopaedic surgeries, leading to increased pain and diminished quality of life. Current treatment options include pharmacotherapy with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, radiotherapy, and surgical excision, but these treatments have limited efficacy and have associated complication profiles. In contrast, small molecule inhibitors have been shown to have higher specificity and less systemic cytotoxicity. Previous studies have shown that bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling and downstream non-canonical (SMAD-independent) BMP signaling mediated induction of TGF-β activated kinase-1 (TAK1) contributes to HO. In the current study, small molecule inhibition of TAK1, NG-25, was evaluated for its efficacy in limiting ectopic bone formation following a rat blast-associated lower limb trauma and a murine burn tenotomy injury model. A significant decrease in total HO volume in the rat blast injury model was observed by microCT imaging with no systemic complications following NG-25 therapy. Furthermore, tissue-resident mesenchymal progenitor cells (MPCs) harvested from rats treated with NG-25 demonstrated decreased proliferation, limited osteogenic differentiation capacity, and reduced gene expression of Tac1, Col10a1, Ibsp, Smad3, and Sox2 (P < 0.05). Single cell RNA-sequencing of murine cells harvested from the injury site in a burn tenotomy injury model showed increased expression of these genes in MPCs during stages of chondrogenic differentiation. Additional in vitro cell cultures of murine tissue-resident MPCs and osteochondrogenic progenitors (OCPs) treated with NG-25 demonstrated reduced chondrogenic differentiation by 10.2-fold (P < 0.001) and 133.3-fold (P < 0.001), respectively, as well as associated reduction in chondrogenic gene expression. Induction of HO in Tak1 knockout mice demonstrated a 7.1-fold (P < 0.001) and 2.7-fold reduction (P < 0.001) in chondrogenic differentiation of murine MPCs and OCPs, respectively, with reduced chondrogenic gene expression. Together, our in vivo models and in vitro cell culture studies demonstrate the importance of TAK1 signaling in chondrogenic differentiation and HO formation and suggest that small molecule inhibition of TAK1 is a promising therapy to limit the formation and progression of HO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L Strong
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Philip J Spreadborough
- Regenerative Medicine Department, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America; Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States of America; Academic Department of Military Surgery and Trauma, Royal Centre for Defense Medicine, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Chase A Pagani
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Ryan M Haskins
- Regenerative Medicine Department, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America
| | - Devaveena Dey
- Regenerative Medicine Department, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America; Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Patrick D Grimm
- Regenerative Medicine Department, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America; Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Keiko Kaneko
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Simone Marini
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Amanda K Huber
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Charles Hwang
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Kenneth Westover
- Departments of Biochemistry and Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, United States of America
| | - Yuji Mishina
- Department of Biologic and Materials Science and Prosthodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Matthew J Bradley
- Regenerative Medicine Department, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America; Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Benjamin Levi
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America.
| | - Thomas A Davis
- Regenerative Medicine Department, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America; Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States of America.
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20
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Huber AK, Patel N, Pagani CA, Marini S, Padmanabhan KR, Matera DL, Said M, Hwang C, Hsu GCY, Poli AA, Strong AL, Visser ND, Greenstein JA, Nelson R, Li S, Longaker MT, Tang Y, Weiss SJ, Baker BM, James AW, Levi B. Immobilization after injury alters extracellular matrix and stem cell fate. J Clin Invest 2020; 130:5444-5460. [PMID: 32673290 PMCID: PMC7524473 DOI: 10.1172/jci136142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells sense the extracellular environment and mechanical stimuli and translate these signals into intracellular responses through mechanotransduction, which alters cell maintenance, proliferation, and differentiation. Here we use a mouse model of trauma-induced heterotopic ossification (HO) to examine how cell-extrinsic forces impact mesenchymal progenitor cell (MPC) fate. After injury, single-cell (sc) RNA sequencing of the injury site reveals an early increase in MPC genes associated with pathways of cell adhesion and ECM-receptor interactions, and MPC trajectories to cartilage and bone. Immunostaining uncovers active mechanotransduction after injury with increased focal adhesion kinase signaling and nuclear translocation of transcriptional coactivator TAZ, inhibition of which mitigates HO. Similarly, joint immobilization decreases mechanotransductive signaling, and completely inhibits HO. Joint immobilization decreases collagen alignment and increases adipogenesis. Further, scRNA sequencing of the HO site after injury with or without immobilization identifies gene signatures in mobile MPCs correlating with osteogenesis, and signatures from immobile MPCs with adipogenesis. scATAC-seq in these same MPCs confirm that in mobile MPCs, chromatin regions around osteogenic genes are open, whereas in immobile MPCs, regions around adipogenic genes are open. Together these data suggest that joint immobilization after injury results in decreased ECM alignment, altered MPC mechanotransduction, and changes in genomic architecture favoring adipogenesis over osteogenesis, resulting in decreased formation of HO.
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MESH Headings
- Acyltransferases
- Adipogenesis/genetics
- Animals
- Cell Differentiation
- Cell Lineage
- Disease Models, Animal
- Extracellular Matrix/metabolism
- Extremities/injuries
- Focal Adhesion Kinase 1/deficiency
- Focal Adhesion Kinase 1/genetics
- Focal Adhesion Kinase 1/metabolism
- Humans
- Male
- Mechanotransduction, Cellular/genetics
- Mechanotransduction, Cellular/physiology
- Mesenchymal Stem Cells/pathology
- Mesenchymal Stem Cells/physiology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Ossification, Heterotopic/etiology
- Ossification, Heterotopic/pathology
- Ossification, Heterotopic/physiopathology
- Osteogenesis/genetics
- Restraint, Physical/adverse effects
- Restraint, Physical/physiology
- Signal Transduction/genetics
- Signal Transduction/physiology
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicole Patel
- Section of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery
| | | | | | | | - Daniel L Matera
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Mohamed Said
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | | | - Andrea A Poli
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Amy L Strong
- Section of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery
| | | | | | | | - Shuli Li
- Section of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery
| | - Michael T Longaker
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Yi Tang
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Stephen J Weiss
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Brendon M Baker
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Aaron W James
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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21
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Strong AL, Dossett LA, Sandhu G. Medical Education and the Momentum for Virtual Care: Integration of Learners Into Telemedicine. Ann Surg Open 2020; 1:e009. [PMID: 37637248 PMCID: PMC10455372 DOI: 10.1097/as9.0000000000000009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Amy L. Strong
- From the Department of Surgery, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Lesly A. Dossett
- From the Department of Surgery, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Gurjit Sandhu
- From the Department of Surgery, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI
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22
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Bateman ME, Strong AL, Gimble JM, Bunnell BA. Concise Review: Using Fat to Fight Disease: A Systematic Review of Nonhomologous Adipose-Derived Stromal/Stem Cell Therapies. Stem Cells 2018; 36:1311-1328. [PMID: 29761573 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this Review is to describe the safety and efficacy of adipose stem/stromal cells (ASC) and stromal vascular fraction (SVF) in treating common diseases and the next steps in research that must occur prior to clinical use. Pubmed, Ovid Medline, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library were searched for articles about use of SVF or ASC for disease therapy published between 2012 and 2017. One meta-analysis, 2 randomized controlled trials, and 16 case series were included, representing 844 human patients. Sixty-nine studies were performed in preclinical models of disease. ASCs improved symptoms, fistula healing, remission, and recurrence rates in severe cases of inflammatory bowel disease. In osteoarthritis, ASC and SVF improved symptom-related, functional, radiographic, and histological scores. ASC and SVF were also shown to improve clinical outcomes in ischemic stroke, multiple sclerosis, myocardial ischemia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, chronic liver failure, glioblastoma, acute kidney injury, and chronic skin wounds. These effects were primarily paracrine in nature and mediated through reduction of inflammation and promotion of tissue repair. In the majority of human studies, autologous ASC and SVF from liposuction procedures were used, minimizing the risk to recipients. Very few serious, treatment-related adverse events were reported. The main adverse event was postprocedural pain. SVF and ASC are promising therapies for a variety of human diseases, particularly for patients with severe cases refractory to current medical treatments. Further randomized controlled trials must be performed to elaborate potential safety and efficacy prior to clinical use. Stem Cells 2018;36:1311-1328.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjorie E Bateman
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.,Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Amy L Strong
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.,Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Gimble
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.,Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.,La Cell LLC, New Orleans BioInnovation Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.,Department of Structural and Cell Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.,Department of Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Bruce A Bunnell
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.,Division of Regenerative Medicine, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University, Covington, Louisiana, USA
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23
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Strong AL, Jones RB, Glowacki J, Boue SM, Burow ME, Bunnell BA. Glycinol enhances osteogenic differentiation and attenuates the effects of age on mesenchymal stem cells. Regen Med 2017; 12:513-524. [PMID: 28718749 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2016-0148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Phytoestrogens, such as glycinol, have recently gained significant attention as an alternative therapy for osteoporosis due to their structural similarity to estradiol and their bone-generating potential. METHODS The osteogenic effects of glycinol were investigated in human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) derived from older (>50 years old) and younger subjects (<25 years old). RESULTS BMSCs isolated from older donors demonstrated reduced osteogenesis. 17β-estradiol and glycinol exposure rescued the age-related reduction in osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. These results correlated with the induction of osteogenic genes and estrogen receptor-α (ER-α) following glycinol treatment. ER antagonist studies further support that glycinol promotes osteogenesis through ER signaling. CONCLUSION The results from these studies support investigating glycinol as a potential preventive or treatment for osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L Strong
- Center for Stem Cell Research & Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Robert B Jones
- Center for Stem Cell Research & Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Julie Glowacki
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stephen M Boue
- Southern Regional Research Center, US Department of Agriculture, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Matthew E Burow
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Bruce A Bunnell
- Center for Stem Cell Research & Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
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24
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Vinson BT, Phamduy TB, Shipman J, Riggs B, Strong AL, Sklare SC, Murfee WL, Burow ME, Bunnell BA, Huang Y, Chrisey DB. Laser direct-write based fabrication of a spatially-defined, biomimetic construct as a potential model for breast cancer cell invasion into adipose tissue. Biofabrication 2017; 9:025013. [DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/aa6bad] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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25
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Abstract
In this review, the authors discuss the stages of skin wound healing, the role of stem cells in accelerating skin wound healing, and the mechanism by which these stem cells may reconstitute the skin in the context of tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L Strong
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Michael W Neumeister
- Department of Surgery, Institute for Plastic Surgery, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, 747 North Rutledge Street, Springfield, IL 62702, USA
| | - Benjamin Levi
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Burn Wound and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, University of Michigan, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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26
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Bateman ME, Strong AL, Hunter RS, Bratton MR, Komati R, Sridhar J, Riley KE, Wang G, Hayes DJ, Boue SM, Burow ME, Bunnell BA. Osteoinductive effects of glyceollins on adult mesenchymal stromal/stem cells from adipose tissue and bone marrow. Phytomedicine 2017; 27:39-51. [PMID: 28314478 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2017.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While current therapies for osteoporosis focus on reducing bone resorption, the development of therapies to regenerate bone may also be beneficial. Promising anabolic therapy candidates include phytoestrogens, such as daidzein, which effectively induce osteogenesis of adipose-derived stromal cells (ASCs) and bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). PURPOSE To investigate the effects of glyceollins, structural derivatives of daidzein, on osteogenesis of ASCs and BMSCs. STUDY DESIGN Herein, the osteoinductive effects of glyceollin I and glyceollin II were assessed and compared to estradiol in ASCs and BMSCs. The mechanism by which glyceollin II induces osteogenesis was further examined. METHODS The ability of glyceollins to promote osteogenesis of ASCs and BMSCs was evaluated in adherent and scaffold cultures. Relative deposition of calcium was analyzed using Alizarin Red staining, Bichinchoninic acid Protein Assay, and Alamar Blue Assay. To further explore the mechanism by which glyceollin II exerts its osteoinductive effects, docking studies of glyceollin II, RNA isolation, cDNA synthesis, and quantitative RT-PCR (qPCR) were performed. RESULTS In adherent cultures, ASCs and BMSCs treated with estradiol, glyceollin I, or glyceollin II demonstrated increased calcium deposition relative to vehicle-treated cells. During evaluation on PLGA scaffolds seeded with ASCs and BMSCs, glyceollin II was the most efficacious in inducing ASC and BMSC osteogenesis compared to estradiol and glyceollin I. Dose-response analysis in ASCs and BMSCs revealed that glyceollin II has the highest potency at 10nM in adherent cultures and 1µM in tissue scaffold cultures. At all doses, osteoinductive effects were attenuated by fulvestrant, suggesting that glyceollin II acts at least in part through estrogen receptor-mediated pathways to induce osteogenesis. Analysis of gene expression demonstrated that, similar to estradiol, glyceollin II induces upregulation of genes involved in osteogenic differentiation. CONCLUSION The ability of glyceollin II to induce osteogenic differentiation in ASCs and BMSCs indicates that glyceollins hold the potential for the development of pharmacological interventions to improve clinical outcomes of patients with osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjorie E Bateman
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Amy L Strong
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Ryan S Hunter
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Melyssa R Bratton
- Cell and Molecular Biology Core Facility, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Rajesh Komati
- Department of Chemistry, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Jayalakshmi Sridhar
- Department of Chemistry, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Kevin E Riley
- Department of Chemistry, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Guangdi Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Daniel J Hayes
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Louisiana State University and Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Stephen M Boue
- Southern Regional Research Center, US Department of Agriculture, 1100 Robert E. Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Matthew E Burow
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Bruce A Bunnell
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA; Division of Regenerative Medicine, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University, Covington, LA USA.
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27
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Jones RB, Strong AL, Gimble JM, Bunnell BA. Isolation and Primary Culture of Adult Human Adipose-derived Stromal/Stem Cells. Bio Protoc 2017; 7:e2161. [PMID: 34458474 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.2161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (ASCs) are multipotent cells that can be isolated from adipose tissue. Studies have shown that cells have the capacity to self-renew and differentiate into adipocyte, chondrocyte, myocyte, and osteoblast lineages. Thus, significant interest regarding their use for regenerative purposes to restore aging or damaged tissue has grown in recent decades. These cells have also been shown to immunomodulate the microenvironment and secrete abundant growth factors, which minimize inflammation and aid repair and regeneration. ASCs can be readily isolated from the stromal vascular fraction (SVF) of lipoaspirates. Given their ease of accessibility, bountiful source, and potential application in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering, there is growing interest in the characterization and utilization of ASCs. This protocol describes the isolation of ASCs from adult human adipose tissue as well as methods for culture maintenance including expansion and cryopreservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert B Jones
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, USA
| | - Amy L Strong
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Gimble
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, USA.,LaCell LLC, New Orleans, USA.,Department of Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, USA
| | - Bruce A Bunnell
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, USA
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28
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Bowles AC, Strong AL, Wise RM, Thomas RC, Gerstein BY, Dutreil MF, Hunter RS, Gimble JM, Bunnell BA. Adipose Stromal Vascular Fraction-Mediated Improvements at Late-Stage Disease in a Murine Model of Multiple Sclerosis. Stem Cells 2016; 35:532-544. [PMID: 27733015 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a common neurodegenerative disease and remains an unmet clinical challenge. In MS, an autoimmune response leads to immune cell infiltration, inflammation, demyelination, and lesions in central nervous system (CNS) tissues resulting in tremors, fatigue, and progressive loss of motor function. These pathologic hallmarks are effectively reproduced in the murine experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model. The stromal vascular fraction (SVF) of adipose tissue is composed of adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (ASC), adipocytes, and various leukocytes. The SVF can be culture expanded to generate ASC lines. Clinical trials continue to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of ASC therapies for treating several diseases. However, little is known about the effectiveness of the SVF for neurodegenerative diseases, such as MS. At late-stage disease, EAE mice show severe motor impairment. The goal for these studies was to test the effectiveness of SVF cells and ASC in EAE mice after the onset of neuropathology. The clinical scoring, behavior, motor function, and histopathologic analyses revealed significant improvements in EAE mice treated with the SVF or ASC. Moreover, SVF treatment mediated more robust improvements to CNS pathology than ASC treatment based on significant modulations of inflammatory factors. The most pronounced changes following SVF treatment were the high levels of interleukin-10 in the peripheral blood, lymphoid and CNS tissues along with the induction of regulatory T cells in the lymph nodes which indicate potent immunomodulatory effects. The data indicate SVF cells effectively ameliorated the EAE immunopathogenesis and supports the potential use of SVF for treating MS. Stem Cells 2017;35:532-544.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie C Bowles
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.,Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Science and Engineering, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Amy L Strong
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Rachel M Wise
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.,Neuroscience Program, Tulane University School of Science and Engineering, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Robert C Thomas
- Neuroscience Program, Tulane University School of Science and Engineering, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Brittany Y Gerstein
- Neuroscience Program, Tulane University School of Science and Engineering, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Maria F Dutreil
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Ryan S Hunter
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Gimble
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.,Department of Medicine, Structural and Cellular Biology, and Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.,LaCell LLC, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Bruce A Bunnell
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
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Strong AL, Miller DFB, Buechlein AM, Fang F, Glowacki J, McLachlan JA, Nephew KP, Burow ME, Bunnell BA. Bisphenol A alters the self-renewal and differentiation capacity of human bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/23273747.2016.1200344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Strong AL, Bowles AC, Wise RM, Morand JP, Dutreil MF, Gimble JM, Bunnell BA. Human Adipose Stromal/Stem Cells from Obese Donors Show Reduced Efficacy in Halting Disease Progression in the Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Model of Multiple Sclerosis. Stem Cells 2016; 34:614-26. [PMID: 26700612 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2015] [Revised: 10/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease that affects the white matter of the central nervous system and involves inflammation and demyelination. The recent advances in our understanding of adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (ASCs) and the utilization of these cells in clinical settings to treat diseases have made it essential to identify the most effective ASCs for therapy. Studies have not yet investigated the impact of obesity on the therapeutic efficacy of ASCs. Obesity is characterized by adipocyte hyperplasia and hypertrophy and can extend to metabolic and endocrine dysfunction. Investigating the impact obesity has on ASC biology will determine whether these cells are suitable for use in regenerative medicine. The therapeutic efficacy of ASCs isolated from lean subjects (body mass index [BMI] < 25; lnASCs) and obese subjects (BMI > 30; obASCs) were determined in murine experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a model of multiple sclerosis. Compared with the EAE disease-modifying effects of lnASCs, obASCs consistently failed to alleviate clinical symptoms or inhibit inflammation in the central nervous system. When activated, obASCs expressed higher mRNA levels of several pro-inflammatory cytokines compared with lnASCs. Additionally, conditioned media (CM) collected from the obASCs markedly enhanced the proliferation and differentiation of T cells; whereas, CM from lnASC did not. These results indicate that obesity reduces, or eliminates, the anti-inflammatory effects of human ASCs such that they may not be a suitable cell source for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. The data suggest that donor demographics may be particularly important when identifying suitable stem cells for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L Strong
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Annie C Bowles
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Rachel M Wise
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Joseph P Morand
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Maria F Dutreil
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Gimble
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.,Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.,Department of Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.,Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.,LaCell LLC, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Bruce A Bunnell
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
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Strong AL, Hunter RS, Jones RB, Bowles AC, Dutreil MF, Gaupp D, Hayes DJ, Gimble JM, Levi B, McNulty MA, Bunnell BA. Obesity inhibits the osteogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells. J Transl Med 2016; 14:27. [PMID: 26818763 PMCID: PMC4730660 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-016-0776-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Craniomaxillofacial defects secondary to trauma, tumor resection, or congenital malformations are frequent unmet challenges, due to suboptimal alloplastic options and limited autologous tissues such as bone. Significant advances have been made in the application of adipose-derived stem/stromal cells (ASCs) in the pre-clinical and clinical settings as a cell source for tissue engineering approaches. To fully realize the translational potential of ASCs, the identification of optimal donors for ASCs will ensure the successful implementation of these cells for tissue engineering approaches. In the current study, the impact of obesity on the osteogenic differentiation of ASCs was investigated. Methods ASCs isolated from lean donors (body mass index <25; lnASCs) and obese donors (body mass index >30; obASCs) were induced with osteogenic differentiation medium as monolayers in an estrogen-depleted culture system and on three-dimensional scaffolds. Critical size calvarial defects were generated in male nude mice and treated with scaffolds implanted with lnASCs or obASCs. Results lnASCs demonstrated enhanced osteogenic differentiation in monolayer culture system, on three-dimensional scaffolds, and for the treatment of calvarial defects, whereas obASCs were unable to induce similar levels of osteogenic differentiation in vitro and in vivo. Gene expression analysis of lnASCs and obASCs during osteogenic differentiation demonstrated higher levels of osteogenic genes in lnASCs compared to obASCs. Conclusion Collectively, these results indicate that obesity reduces the osteogenic differentiation capacity of ASCs such that they may have a limited suitability as a cell source for tissue engineering. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12967-016-0776-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L Strong
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
| | - Ryan S Hunter
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
| | - Robert B Jones
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
| | - Annie C Bowles
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
| | - Maria F Dutreil
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
| | - Dina Gaupp
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
| | - Daniel J Hayes
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA.
| | - Jeffrey M Gimble
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA. .,LaCell LLC, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA. .,Department of Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
| | - Benjamin Levi
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Margaret A McNulty
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA.
| | - Bruce A Bunnell
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA. .,Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
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Bateman ME, Strong AL, McLachlan JA, Burow ME, Bunnell BA. The Effects of Endocrine Disruptors on Adipogenesis and Osteogenesis in Mesenchymal Stem Cells: A Review. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2016; 7:171. [PMID: 28119665 PMCID: PMC5220052 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2016.00171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are prevalent in the environment, and epidemiologic studies have suggested that human exposure is linked to chronic diseases, such as obesity and diabetes. In vitro experiments have further demonstrated that EDCs promote changes in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), leading to increases in adipogenic differentiation, decreases in osteogenic differentiation, activation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, increases in oxidative stress, and epigenetic changes. Studies have also shown alteration in trophic factor production, differentiation ability, and immunomodulatory capacity of MSCs, which have significant implications to the current studies exploring MSCs for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications and the treatment of inflammatory conditions. Thus, the consideration of the effects of EDCs on MSCs is vital when determining potential therapeutic uses of MSCs, as increased exposure to EDCs may cause MSCs to be less effective therapeutically. This review focuses on the adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation effects of EDCs as these are most relevant to the therapeutic uses of MSCs in tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, and inflammatory conditions. This review will highlight the effects of EDCs, including organophosphates, plasticizers, industrial surfactants, coolants, and lubricants, on MSC biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjorie E. Bateman
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Amy L. Strong
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - John A. McLachlan
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Matthew E. Burow
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Bruce A. Bunnell
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
- *Correspondence: Bruce A. Bunnell,
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Strong AL, Nauta AC, Kuang AA. Local Wound Care for Primary Cleft Lip Repair: Treatment and Outcomes With use of Topical Hydrogen Peroxide. Wounds 2015; 27:319-326. [PMID: 27447104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study highlights and validates a peroxide-based wound healing strategy for treatment of surgically closed facial wounds in a pediatric population. The authors identified pediatric patients undergoing primary cleft lip repair as a specific population to evaluate the outcomes of such a protocol. Through analysis of defined outcome measures, a reliable and reproducible protocol for postoperative wound care following primary cleft lip repair with favorable results is described. METHODS This retrospective study analyzes wound healing outcomes in pediatric patients undergoing primary cleft lip repair from 2006 to 2011 at a tertiary academic center. The wound healing protocol was used in both primary unilateral and bilateral repairs. One hundred fortysix patients between the ages of 0 and 4 years underwent primary cleft lip repair and cleft rhinoplasty by a single, fellowship-trained craniofacial surgeon. Postoperatively, wounds were treated with half-strength hydrogen peroxide and bacitracin, as well as scar massage. Incisional dehiscence, hypertrophic scar formation, discoloration, infection, and reoperation were studied. Outcomes were evaluated in light of parent compliance, demographics, preoperative nasoalveolar molding (PNAM), and diagnosis. RESULTS The authors identified 146 patients for inclusion in this study. There was no wound or incisional dehiscence. One hundred twenty-four patients demonstrated favorable cosmetic outcome. Only 3 (2%) of patients who developed suboptimal outcomes underwent secondary surgical revision (> 1 year after surgery). Demographic differences were not statistically significant, and PNAM treatment did not influence outcomes. CONCLUSION These data validate the use of halfstrength hydrogen peroxide and bacitracin as part of a wound healing strategy in pediatric incisional wounds. The use of hydrogen peroxide produced comparable outcomes to previously published studies utilizing other wound healing strategies and, therefore, these study findings support the further use of this regimen for this particular population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L Strong
- Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| | | | - Anna A Kuang
- Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
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Strong AL, Burow ME, Gimble JM, Bunnell BA. Concise review: The obesity cancer paradigm: exploration of the interactions and crosstalk with adipose stem cells. Stem Cells 2015; 33:318-26. [PMID: 25267443 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Revised: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
With the recognition of obesity as a global health crisis, researchers have devoted greater effort to defining and understanding the pathophysiological molecular pathways regulating the biology of adipose tissue and obesity. Obesity, the excessive accumulation of adipose tissue due to hyperplasia and hypertrophy, has been linked to an increased incidence and aggressiveness of colon, hematological, prostate, and postmenopausal breast cancers. The increased morbidity and mortality of obesity-associated cancers have been attributed to higher levels of hormones, adipokines, and cytokines secreted by the adipose tissue. The increased amount of adipose tissue also results in higher numbers of adipose stromal/stem cells (ASCs). These ASCs have been shown to impact cancer progression directly through several mechanisms, including the increased recruitment of ASCs to the tumor site and increased production of cytokines and growth factors by ASCs and other cells within the tumor stroma. Emerging evidence indicates that obesity induces alterations in the biologic properties of ASCs, subsequently leading to enhanced tumorigenesis and metastasis of cancer cells. This review will discuss the links between obesity and cancer tumor progression, including obesity-associated changes in adipose tissue, inflammation, adipokines, and chemokines. Novel topics will include a discussion of the contribution of ASCs to this complex system with an emphasis on their role in the tumor stroma. The reciprocal and circular feedback loop between obesity and ASCs as well as the mechanisms by which ASCs from obese patients alter the biology of cancer cells and enhance tumorigenesis will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L Strong
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine
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Bowles AC, Strong AL, Wise RM, Thomas RC, Gerstein BY, Lipschutz RS, Gimble JM, Bunnell BA. 34. Stromal Vascular Fraction as a Novel Stem Cell-Based Therapy for a Mouse Model of Multiple Sclerosis. Mol Ther 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s1525-0016(16)33638-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Strong AL, Bowles AC, MacCrimmon CP, Frazier TP, Lee SJ, Wu X, Katz AJ, Gawronska-Kozak B, Bunnell BA, Gimble JM. Adipose stromal cells repair pressure ulcers in both young and elderly mice: potential role of adipogenesis in skin repair. Stem Cells Transl Med 2015; 4:632-42. [PMID: 25900728 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2014-0235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED More than 2.5 million patients in the U.S. require treatment for pressure ulcers annually, and the elderly are at particularly high risk for pressure ulcer development. Current therapy for pressure ulcers consists of conservative medical management for shallow lesions and aggressive debridement and surgery for deeper lesions. The current study uses a murine model to address the hypothesis that adipose-derived stromal/stem cell (ASC) treatment would accelerate and enhance pressure ulcer repair. The dorsal skin of both young (2 months old [mo]) and old (20 mo) C57BL/6J female mice was sandwiched between external magnets for 12 hours over 2 consecutive days to initiate a pressure ulcer. One day following the induction, mice were injected with ASCs isolated from congenic mice transgenic for the green fluorescent protein under a ubiquitous promoter. Relative to phosphate-buffered saline-treated controls, ASC-treated mice displayed a cell concentration-dependent acceleration of wound closure, improved epidermal/dermal architecture, increased adipogenesis, and reduced inflammatory cell infiltration. The ASC-induced improvements occurred in both young and elderly recipients, although the expression profile of angiogenic, immunomodulatory, and reparative mRNAs differed as a function of age. The results are consistent with clinical reports that fat grafting improved skin architecture in thermal injuries; the authors of this published study have invoked ASC-based mechanisms to account for their clinical outcomes. Thus, the current proof-of-principle study sets the stage for clinical translation of autologous and/or allogeneic ASC treatment of pressure ulcers. SIGNIFICANCE Adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (ASCs) promote the healing of pressure ulcer wounds in both young and old mice. ASCs enhance wound healing rates through adipogenic differentiation and regeneration of the underlying architecture of the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L Strong
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine and Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA; LaCell LLC, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA; Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA; Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland; Departments of Medicine, Surgery, and Structural and Cellular Biology, Tulane Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Annie C Bowles
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine and Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA; LaCell LLC, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA; Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA; Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland; Departments of Medicine, Surgery, and Structural and Cellular Biology, Tulane Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Connor P MacCrimmon
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine and Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA; LaCell LLC, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA; Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA; Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland; Departments of Medicine, Surgery, and Structural and Cellular Biology, Tulane Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Trivia P Frazier
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine and Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA; LaCell LLC, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA; Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA; Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland; Departments of Medicine, Surgery, and Structural and Cellular Biology, Tulane Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Stephen J Lee
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine and Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA; LaCell LLC, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA; Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA; Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland; Departments of Medicine, Surgery, and Structural and Cellular Biology, Tulane Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Xiying Wu
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine and Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA; LaCell LLC, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA; Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA; Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland; Departments of Medicine, Surgery, and Structural and Cellular Biology, Tulane Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Adam J Katz
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine and Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA; LaCell LLC, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA; Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA; Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland; Departments of Medicine, Surgery, and Structural and Cellular Biology, Tulane Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Barbara Gawronska-Kozak
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine and Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA; LaCell LLC, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA; Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA; Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland; Departments of Medicine, Surgery, and Structural and Cellular Biology, Tulane Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Bruce A Bunnell
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine and Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA; LaCell LLC, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA; Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA; Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland; Departments of Medicine, Surgery, and Structural and Cellular Biology, Tulane Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Gimble
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine and Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA; LaCell LLC, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA; Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA; Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland; Departments of Medicine, Surgery, and Structural and Cellular Biology, Tulane Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
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Zhang S, Danchuk SD, Bonvillain RW, Xu B, Scruggs BA, Strong AL, Semon JA, Gimble JM, Betancourt AM, Sullivan DE, Bunnell BA. Interleukin 6 mediates the therapeutic effects of adipose-derived stromal/stem cells in lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury. Stem Cells 2015; 32:1616-28. [PMID: 24449042 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (ASCs) have anti-inflammatory as well as immunosuppressive activities and are currently the focus of clinical trials for a number of inflammatory diseases. Acute lung injury (ALI) is an inflammatory condition of the lung for which standard treatment is mainly supportive due to lack of effective therapies. Our recent studies have demonstrated the ability of both human ASCs (hASCs) and mouse ASCs (mASCs) to attenuate lung damage and inflammation in a rodent model of lipopolysaccharide-induced ALI, suggesting that ASCs may also be beneficial in treating ALI. To better understand how ASCs may act in ALI and to elucidate the mechanism(s) involved in ASC modulation of lung inflammation, gene expression analysis was performed in ASC-treated (hASCs or mASCs) and control sham-treated lungs. The results revealed a dramatic difference between the expression of anti-inflammatory molecules by hASCs and mASCs. These data show that the beneficial effects of hASCs and mASCs in ALI may result from the production of different paracrine factors. Interleukin 6 (IL-6) expression in the mASC-treated lungs was significantly elevated as compared to sham-treated controls 20 hours after delivery of the cells by oropharyngeal aspiration. Knockdown of IL-6 expression in mASCs by RNA interference abrogated most of their therapeutic effects, suggesting that the anti-inflammatory properties of mASCs in ALI are explained, at least in part, by activation of IL-6 secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijia Zhang
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
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Strong AL, Shi Z, Strong MJ, Miller DFB, Rusch DB, Buechlein AM, Flemington EK, McLachlan JA, Nephew KP, Burow ME, Bunnell BA. Effects of the endocrine-disrupting chemical DDT on self-renewal and differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells. Environ Health Perspect 2015; 123:42-8. [PMID: 25014179 PMCID: PMC4286277 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1408188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the global use of the endocrine-disrupting chemical DDT has decreased, its persistence in the environment has resulted in continued human exposure. Accumulating evidence suggests that DDT exposure has long-term adverse effects on development, yet the impact on growth and differentiation of adult stem cells remains unclear. OBJECTIVES Human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) exposed to DDT were used to evaluate the impact on stem cell biology. METHODS We assessed DDT-treated MSCs for self-renewal, proliferation, and differentiation potential. Whole genome RNA sequencing was performed to assess gene expression in DDT-treated MSCs. RESULTS MSCs exposed to DDT formed fewer colonies, suggesting a reduction in self-renewal potential. DDT enhanced both adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation, which was confirmed by increased mRNA expression of glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4), lipoprotein lipase (LpL), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), leptin, osteonectin, core binding factor 1 (CBFA1), and FBJ murine osteosarcoma viral oncogene homolog (c-Fos). Expression of factors in DDT-treated cells was similar to that in estrogen-treated MSCs, suggesting that DDT may function via the estrogen receptor (ER)-mediated pathway. The coadministration of ICI 182,780 blocked the effects of DDT. RNA sequencing revealed 121 genes and noncoding RNAs to be differentially expressed in DDT-treated MSCs compared with controls cells. CONCLUSION Human MSCs provide a powerful biological system to investigate and identify the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of environmental agents on stem cells and human health. MSCs exposed to DDT demonstrated profound alterations in self-renewal, proliferation, differentiation, and gene expression, which may partially explain the homeostatic imbalance and increased cancer incidence among those exposed to long-term EDCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L Strong
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
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Abstract
Exposure of humans to the endocrine disrupter bisphenol A (BPA) has been associated with increased weight and obesity. However, the mechanism(s) by which BPA increases adipose tissue in humans remains to be determined. The goal of this study was to determine the effects of BPA on adipogenesis of cultured human adipose stromal/stem cells (ASCs), precursors to mature adipocytes. ASCs from three donors were cultured for either 14 or 21 days in adipogenic differentiation media containing increasing concentrations of BPA (100 pM-10 μM). The extent of adipogenic differentiation in the ASCs was assessed by staining with Oil Red O to visualize adipogenic differentiation and then quantified by extraction and optical density measurement of the retained dye. BPA significantly enhanced adipogenesis at a concentration of 1 μM after 21 days of culture. Additionally, we found that BPA increased transcription of the estrogen receptor (ER (ESR1)) and that treatment with the ER antagonist ICI 182 780, blocked the effects of BPA, indicating that BPA may act via an ER-mediated pathway. The results of molecular analyses indicated that the expression of the adipogenesis-associated genes dual leucine zipper-bearing kinase (DLK (MAP3K12)), IGF1, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (C/EBPα (CEBPA)), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ (PPARG)), and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) was temporally accelerated and increased by BPA. In summary, these results indicate that BPA significantly enhances adipogenesis in ASCs through an ER-mediated pathway at physiologically relevant concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason F Ohlstein
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative MedicineTulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-99, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USASection of Hematology and Medical OncologyDepartment of Medicine, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USADepartment of PharmacologyTulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA
| | - Amy L Strong
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative MedicineTulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-99, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USASection of Hematology and Medical OncologyDepartment of Medicine, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USADepartment of PharmacologyTulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA
| | - John A McLachlan
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative MedicineTulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-99, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USASection of Hematology and Medical OncologyDepartment of Medicine, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USADepartment of PharmacologyTulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Gimble
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative MedicineTulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-99, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USASection of Hematology and Medical OncologyDepartment of Medicine, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USADepartment of PharmacologyTulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA
| | - Matthew E Burow
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative MedicineTulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-99, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USASection of Hematology and Medical OncologyDepartment of Medicine, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USADepartment of PharmacologyTulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA
| | - Bruce A Bunnell
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative MedicineTulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-99, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USASection of Hematology and Medical OncologyDepartment of Medicine, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USADepartment of PharmacologyTulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative MedicineTulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-99, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USASection of Hematology and Medical OncologyDepartment of Medicine, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USADepartment of PharmacologyTulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA
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Strong AL, Strong TA, Rhodes LV, Semon JA, Zhang X, Shi Z, Zhang S, Gimble JM, Burow ME, Bunnell BA. Obesity associated alterations in the biology of adipose stem cells mediate enhanced tumorigenesis by estrogen dependent pathways. Breast Cancer Res 2014; 15:R102. [PMID: 24176089 PMCID: PMC3978929 DOI: 10.1186/bcr3569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Obesity has been associated with increased incidence and mortality of breast cancer. While the precise correlation between obesity and breast cancer remains to be determined, recent studies suggest that adipose tissue and adipose stem cells (ASCs) influence breast cancer tumorigenesis and tumor progression. Methods Breast cancer cells lines were co-cultured with ASCs (n = 24), categorized based on tissue site of origin and body mass index (BMI), and assessed for enhanced proliferation, alterations in gene expression profile with PCR arrays, and enhanced tumorigenesis in immunocompromised mice. The gene expression profile of ASCs was assess with PCR arrays and qRT-PCR and confirmed with Western blot analysis. Inhibitory studies were conducted by delivering estrogen antagonist ICI182,780, leptin neutralizing antibody, or aromatase inhibitor letrozole and assessing breast cancer cell proliferation. To assess the role of leptin in human breast cancers, Oncomine and Kaplan Meier plot analyses were conducted. Results ASCs derived from the abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue of obese subjects (BMI > 30) enhanced breast cancer cell proliferation in vitro and tumorigenicity in vivo. These findings were correlated with changes in the gene expression profile of breast cancer cells after co-culturing with ASCs, particularly in estrogen receptor-alpha (ESR1) and progesterone receptor (PGR) expression. Analysis of the gene expression profile of the four groups of ASCs revealed obesity induced alterations in several key genes, including leptin (LEP). Blocking estrogen signaling with ICI182,780, leptin neutralizing antibody, or letrozole diminished the impact of ASCs derived from obese subjects. Women diagnosed with estrogen receptor/progesterone receptor positive (ER+/PR+) breast cancers that also expressed high levels of leptin had poorer prognosis than women with low leptin expression. Conclusion ASCs isolated from the abdomen of obese subjects demonstrated increased expression of leptin, through estrogen stimulation, which increased breast cancer cell proliferation. The results from this study demonstrate that abdominal obesity induces significant changes in the biological properties of ASCs and that these alterations enhance ER+/PR+ breast cancer tumorigenesis through estrogen dependent pathways.
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Strong AL, Ohlstein JF, Jiang Q, Zhang Q, Zheng S, Boue SM, Elliott S, Gimble JM, Burow ME, Wang G, Bunnell BA. Novel daidzein analogs enhance osteogenic activity of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells and adipose-derived stromal/stem cells through estrogen receptor dependent and independent mechanisms. Stem Cell Res Ther 2014; 5:105. [PMID: 25168698 PMCID: PMC4355363 DOI: 10.1186/scrt493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Revised: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Osteoporosis is a disease characterized by low bone mineral density (BMD) and increased risk of fractures. Studies have demonstrated the use of phytoestrogens, or plant-derived estrogens, such as genistein and daidzein, to effectively increase osteogenic activity of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). Herein, the effects of daidzein analogs on the osteogenic differentiation efficiency of human BMSC and adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (ASC) were explored. METHODS BMSCs and ASCs underwent osteogenic differentiation in the presence of vehicle, 17β-estradiol (E2), phytoestrogens, or daidzein analogs. Cells were stained for alkaline phosphatase (ALP) enzymatic activity, calcium deposition by alizarin red s, and phosphate mineralization by silver nitrate. Gene expression analysis was conducted on cells treated with daidzein analogs. RESULTS Cells treated with E2, daidzein, or genistein increased calcium deposition by 1.6-, 1.5-, and 1.4-fold, respectively, relative to vehicle-treated BMSCs and 1.6-, 1.7-, and 1.4-fold relative to vehicle-treated ASCs, respectively. BMSCs treated with daidzein analog 2c, 2g, and 2l demonstrated a 1.6-, 1.6-, and 1.9-fold increase in calcium deposition relative to vehicle-treated BMSCs, respectively, while ASCs treated with daidzein analog 2c, 2g, or 2l demonstrated a 1.7-, 2.0-, and 2.2-fold increase in calcium deposition relative to vehicle-treated ASCs, respectively. Additional analysis with BMSCs and ASCs was conducted in the more efficient compounds: 2g and 2l. ALP activity and phosphate mineralization was increased in 2g- and 2l-treated cells. The analysis of lineage specific gene expression demonstrated increased expression of key osteogenic genes (RUNX2, c-FOS, SPARC, DLX5, SPP1, COL1A1, IGF1, SOST, and DMP1) and earlier induction of these lineage specific genes, following treatment with 2g or 2l, relative to vehicle-treated cells. Estrogen receptor (ER) inhibitor studies demonstrated that ER antagonist fulvestrant inhibited the osteogenic differentiation of 2g in BMSCs and ASCs, while fulvestrant only attenuated the effects of 2l, suggesting that 2l acts by both ER dependent and independent pathways. CONCLUSIONS These studies provide support for exploring the therapeutic efficacy of daidzein derivatives for the treatment of osteoporosis. Furthermore, the patterns of gene induction differed following treatment with each daidzein analog, suggesting that these daidzein analogs activate distinct ER and non-ER pathways to induce differentiation in BMSCs and ASCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L Strong
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-99, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
| | - Jason F Ohlstein
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-99, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
| | - Quan Jiang
- Department of Chemistry and RCMI Cancer Research Program, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA, 70125, USA.
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and RCMI Cancer Research Program, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA, 70125, USA.
| | - Shilong Zheng
- Department of Chemistry and RCMI Cancer Research Program, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA, 70125, USA.
| | - Stephen M Boue
- US Department of Agriculture, Southern Regional Research Center, 1100 Robert E. Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA, 70124, USA.
| | - Steven Elliott
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
| | - Jeffrey M Gimble
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-99, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
| | - Matthew E Burow
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
| | - Guangdi Wang
- Department of Chemistry and RCMI Cancer Research Program, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA, 70125, USA.
| | - Bruce A Bunnell
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-99, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
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Strong AL, Jiang Q, Zhang Q, Zheng S, Boue SM, Elliott S, Burow ME, Bunnell BA, Wang G. Design, synthesis, and osteogenic activity of daidzein analogs on human mesenchymal stem cells. ACS Med Chem Lett 2014; 5:143-8. [PMID: 24900787 DOI: 10.1021/ml400397k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is caused by an overstimulation of osteoclast activity and the destruction of the bone extracellular matrix. Without the normal architecture, osteoblast cells are unable to rebuild phenotypically normal bone. Hormone replacement therapy with estrogen has been effective in increasing osteoblast activity but also has resulted in the increased incidence of breast and uterine cancer. In this study we designed and synthesized a series of daidzein analogs to investigate their osteogenic induction potentials. Human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from three different donors were treated with daidzein analogs and demonstrated enhanced osteogenesis when compared to daidzein treatment. The enhanced osteogenic potential of these daidzein analogs resulted in increased osterix (Sp7), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteopontin (OPN), and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), which are osteogenic transcription factors that regulate the maturation of osteogenic progenitor cells into mature osteoblast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L. Strong
- Center
for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, United States
| | - Quan Jiang
- Department
of Chemistry and RCMI Cancer Research Program, Xavier University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70125, United States
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry and RCMI Cancer Research Program, Xavier University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70125, United States
| | - Shilong Zheng
- Department
of Chemistry and RCMI Cancer Research Program, Xavier University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70125, United States
| | - Stephen M. Boue
- Southern Regional Research Center, U.S. Department
of Agriculture, New Orleans, Louisiana 70130, United States
| | - Steven Elliott
- Department
of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, United States
| | - Matthew E. Burow
- Department
of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, United States
| | - Bruce A. Bunnell
- Center
for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, United States
| | - Guangdi Wang
- Department
of Chemistry and RCMI Cancer Research Program, Xavier University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70125, United States
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Semon JA, Maness C, Zhang X, Sharkey SA, Beuttler MM, Shah FS, Pandey AC, Gimble JM, Zhang S, Scruggs BA, Strong AL, Strong TA, Bunnell BA. Comparison of human adult stem cells from adipose tissue and bone marrow in the treatment of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Stem Cell Res Ther 2014; 5:2. [PMID: 24405805 PMCID: PMC4054950 DOI: 10.1186/scrt391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Accepted: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION While administration of ex vivo culture-expanded stem cells has been used to study immunosuppressive mechanisms in multiple models of autoimmune diseases, less is known about the uncultured, nonexpanded stromal vascular fraction (SVF)-based therapy. The SVF is composed of a heterogeneous population of cells and has been used clinically to treat acute and chronic diseases, alleviating symptoms in a range of tissues and organs. METHODS In this study, the ability of human SVF cells was compared with culture-expanded adipose stem cells (ASCs) and bone-derived marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) as a treatment of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (35-55)-induced experimental autoimmune encephalitis in C57Bl/6J mice, a well-studied multiple sclerosis model (MS). A total of 1×10⁶ BMSCs, ASCs, or SVF cells were administered intraperitoneally concomitantly with the induction of disease. Mice were monitored daily for clinical signs of disease by three independent, blinded investigators and rated on a scale of 0 to 5. Spinal cords were obtained after euthanasia at day 30 and processed for histological staining using luxol fast blue, toluidine blue, and hematoxylin and eosin to measure myelin and infiltrating immune cells. Blood was collected from mice at day 30 and analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to measure serum levels of inflammatory cytokines. RESULTS The data indicate that intraperitoneal administration of all cell types significantly ameliorates the severity of disease. Furthermore, the data also demonstrate, for the first time, that the SVF was as effective as the more commonly cultured BMSCs and ASCs in an MS model. All cell therapies also demonstrated a similar reduction in tissue damage, inflammatory infiltrates, and sera levels of IFNγ and IL-12. While IFNγ levels were reduced to comparable levels between treatment groups, levels of IL-12 were significantly lower in SVF-treated than BMSC-treated or ASC-treated mice. CONCLUSIONS Based on these data, it is evident that SVF cells have relevant therapeutic potential in an animal model of chronic MS and might represent a valuable tool for stem cell-based therapy in chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system. SVF offers advantages of direct and rapid isolation procedure in a xenobiotic-free environment.
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Strong AL, Semon JA, Strong TA, Santoke TT, Zhang S, McFerrin HE, Gimble JM, Bunnell BA. Obesity-associated dysregulation of calpastatin and MMP-15 in adipose-derived stromal cells results in their enhanced invasion. Stem Cells 2013; 30:2774-83. [PMID: 22969001 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2012] [Accepted: 08/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissue maintains a subpopulation of cells, referred to as adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (ASCs), which have been associated with increased breast cancer tumorigenesis and metastasis. For ASCs to affect breast cancer cells, it is necessary to delineate how they mobilize and home to cancer cells, which requires mobilization and invasion through extracellular matrix barriers. In this study, ASCs were separated into four different categories based on the donor's obesity status and depot site of origin. ASCs isolated from the subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue of obese patients (Ob(+)Ab(+)) demonstrated increased invasion through Matrigel as well as a chick chorioallantoic membrane, a type I collagen-rich extracellular matrix barrier. Detailed mRNA and protein analyses revealed that calpain-4, calpastatin, and MMP-15 were associated with increased invasion, and the silencing of each protease or protease inhibitor confirmed their role in ASC invasion. Thus, the data indicate that both the donor's obesity status and depot site of origin distinguishes the properties of subcutaneous-derived ASCs with respect to enhanced invasion and this is associated with the dysregulation of calpain-4, calpastatin, and MMP-15.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L Strong
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA
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Semon JA, Zhang X, Pandey AC, Alandete SM, Maness C, Zhang S, Scruggs BA, Strong AL, Sharkey SA, Beuttler MM, Gimble JM, Bunnell BA. Administration of murine stromal vascular fraction ameliorates chronic experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Stem Cells Transl Med 2013; 2:789-96. [PMID: 23981726 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2013-0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Administration of adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (ASCs) represents a promising therapeutic approach for autoimmune diseases since they have been shown to have immunomodulatory properties. The uncultured, nonexpanded counterpart of ASCs, the stromal vascular fraction (SVF), is composed of a heterogeneous mixture of cells. Although administration of ex vivo culture-expanded ASCs has been used to study immunomodulatory mechanisms in multiple models of autoimmune diseases, less is known about SVF-based therapy. The ability of murine SVF cells to treat myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein35-55-induced experimental autoimmune encephalitis (EAE) was compared with that of culture-expanded ASCs in C57Bl/6J mice. A total of 1 × 10(6) SVF cells or ASCs were administered intraperitoneally concomitantly with the induction of disease. The data indicate that intraperitoneal administration of ASCs significantly ameliorated the severity of disease course. They also demonstrate, for the first time, that the SVF effectively inhibited disease severity and was statistically more effective than ASCs. Both cell therapies also demonstrated a reduction in tissue damage, a decrease in inflammatory infiltrates, and a reduction in sera levels of interferon-γ and interleukin-12. Based on these data, SVF cells effectively inhibited EAE disease progression more than culture-expanded ASCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie A Semon
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine and
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Strong MJ, Xu G, Coco J, Baribault C, Vinay DS, Lacey MR, Strong AL, Lehman TA, Seddon MB, Lin Z, Concha M, Baddoo M, Ferris M, Swan KF, Sullivan DE, Burow ME, Taylor CM, Flemington EK. Differences in gastric carcinoma microenvironment stratify according to EBV infection intensity: implications for possible immune adjuvant therapy. PLoS Pathog 2013; 9:e1003341. [PMID: 23671415 PMCID: PMC3649992 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2012] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is associated with roughly 10% of gastric carcinomas worldwide (EBVaGC). Although previous investigations provide a strong link between EBV and gastric carcinomas, these studies were performed using selected EBV gene probes. Using a cohort of gastric carcinoma RNA-seq data sets from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), we performed a quantitative and global assessment of EBV gene expression in gastric carcinomas and assessed EBV associated cellular pathway alterations. EBV transcripts were detected in 17% of samples but these samples varied significantly in EBV coverage depth. In four samples with the highest EBV coverage (hiEBVaGC – high EBV associated gastric carcinoma), transcripts from the BamHI A region comprised the majority of EBV reads. Expression of LMP2, and to a lesser extent, LMP1 were also observed as was evidence of abortive lytic replication. Analysis of cellular gene expression indicated significant immune cell infiltration and a predominant IFNG response in samples expressing high levels of EBV transcripts relative to samples expressing low or no EBV transcripts. Despite the apparent immune cell infiltration, high levels of the cytotoxic T-cell (CTL) and natural killer (NK) cell inhibitor, IDO1, was observed in the hiEBVaGCs samples suggesting an active tolerance inducing pathway in this subgroup. These results were confirmed in a separate cohort of 21 Vietnamese gastric carcinoma samples using qRT-PCR and on tissue samples using in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. Lastly, a panel of tumor suppressors and candidate oncogenes were expressed at lower levels in hiEBVaGC versus EBV-low and EBV-negative gastric cancers suggesting the direct regulation of tumor pathways by EBV. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is detected in roughly 10% of gastric carcinoma (GC) cases worldwide. Despite a strong link between EBV and gastric carcinoma, the contribution of EBV to the tumor environment in EBV associated gastric carcinoma is unclear. We performed a global assessment of EBV and host cell gene expression in gastric carcinoma tumors from 71 patients to link EBV genes (and expression intensities) to cell and microenvironmental changes. In addition to the finding that EBV is associated with down-regulated tumor regulatory genes, this study revealed that samples with high levels of EBV gene expression (hiEBVaGCs) displayed elevated immune cell infiltration with high interferon-gamma (IFNG) expression compared to samples with low or no EBV gene expression. Despite this evidence of increased immune posturing, hiEBVaGC samples also showed elevated expression of the potent immune cell inhibitor, IDO1. This finding may partly explain the persistence of these virus associated tumors in the face of local immune cell concentration. Importantly, the small molecule IDO inhibitor, 1MT (1-methyl Tryptophan), has been shown to reverse the tolerance inducing effects of IDO1 in other tumors. We propose that stratification of gastric carcinomas into EBV-negative, EBV-low and EBV-high may provide indicator value for the use of IDO1 inhibitors as adjuvant therapies against hiEBVaGCs.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Databases, Nucleic Acid
- Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/epidemiology
- Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/genetics
- Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/immunology
- Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/metabolism
- Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/pathology
- Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/therapy
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/immunology
- Gene Expression Regulation, Viral/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation, Viral/immunology
- Herpesvirus 4, Human/genetics
- Herpesvirus 4, Human/immunology
- Herpesvirus 4, Human/metabolism
- Humans
- Immunotherapy
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Proteins/biosynthesis
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/immunology
- RNA, Neoplasm/biosynthesis
- RNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- RNA, Neoplasm/immunology
- RNA, Viral/biosynthesis
- RNA, Viral/genetics
- RNA, Viral/immunology
- Stomach Neoplasms/epidemiology
- Stomach Neoplasms/genetics
- Stomach Neoplasms/immunology
- Stomach Neoplasms/metabolism
- Stomach Neoplasms/pathology
- Stomach Neoplasms/therapy
- Tumor Microenvironment/genetics
- Tumor Microenvironment/immunology
- Viral Proteins/biosynthesis
- Viral Proteins/genetics
- Viral Proteins/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Strong
- Department of Pathology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
- Tulane Cancer Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Guorong Xu
- Department of Computer Science, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Joseph Coco
- Department of Computer Science, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Carl Baribault
- Tulane Cancer Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
- Department of Mathematics, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Dass S. Vinay
- Department of Medicine, Section of Clinical Immunology, Allergy, and Rheumatology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Michelle R. Lacey
- Tulane Cancer Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
- Department of Mathematics, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Amy L. Strong
- Tulane Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Teresa A. Lehman
- BioServe Biotechnologies, Ltd., Beltsville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Michael B. Seddon
- BioServe Biotechnologies, Ltd., Beltsville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Zhen Lin
- Department of Pathology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
- Tulane Cancer Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Monica Concha
- Department of Pathology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
- Tulane Cancer Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Melody Baddoo
- Department of Pathology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
- Tulane Cancer Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - MaryBeth Ferris
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Kenneth F. Swan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Deborah E. Sullivan
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Matthew E. Burow
- Tulane Cancer Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Christopher M. Taylor
- Department of Computer Science, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Parasitology, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
- Research Institute for Children, Children's Hospital, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
- * E-mail: (CMT); (EKF)
| | - Erik K. Flemington
- Department of Pathology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
- Tulane Cancer Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
- * E-mail: (CMT); (EKF)
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Zhang S, Danchuk SD, Imhof KMP, Semon JA, Scruggs BA, Bonvillain RW, Strong AL, Gimble JM, Betancourt AM, Sullivan DE, Bunnell BA. Comparison of the therapeutic effects of human and mouse adipose-derived stem cells in a murine model of lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury. Stem Cell Res Ther 2013; 4:13. [PMID: 23360775 PMCID: PMC3706907 DOI: 10.1186/scrt161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2012] [Revised: 01/02/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) have emerged as important regulators of inflammatory/immune responses in vitro and in vivo and represent attractive candidates for cell-based therapies for diseases that involve excessive inflammation. Acute lung injury (ALI) is an inflammatory condition for which treatment is mainly supportive due to lack of effective therapies. In this study, the therapeutic effects of ASC-based therapy were assessed in vivo by comparison of the anti-inflammatory properties of both human and murine ASCs in a mouse model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI. METHODS Human ASCs (hASCs) or mouse ASCs (mASCs) were delivered to C57Bl/6 mice (7.5 × 105 total cells/mouse) by oropharyngeal aspiration (OA) four hours after the animals were challenged with lipopolysaccharide (15 mg/kg). Mice were sacrificed 24 and 72 hours after LPS exposure, and lung histology examined for evaluation of inflammation and injury. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was analyzed to determine total and differential cell counts, total protein and albumin concentrations, and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity. Cytokine expression in the injured lungs was measured at the steady-state mRNA levels and protein levels for assessment of the degree of lung inflammation. RESULTS Both human and mouse ASC treatments provided protective anti-inflammatory responses. There were decreased levels of leukocyte (for example neutrophil) migration into the alveoli, total protein and albumin concentrations in BALF, and MPO activity after the induction of ALI following both therapies. Additionally, cell therapy with both cell types effectively suppressed the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and increased the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin 10 (IL-10). Overall, the syngeneic mASC therapy had a more potent therapeutic effect than the xenogeneic hASC therapy in this model. CONCLUSIONS Treatment with hASCs or mASCs significantly attenuated LPS-induced acute lung injury in mice. These results suggest a potential benefit for using an ASC-based therapy to treat clinical ALI and may possibly prevent the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijia Zhang
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Tulane University, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-99, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-83, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Svitlana D Danchuk
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Tulane University, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-99, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Kathleen MP Imhof
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Science and Engineering, Tulane University, 6400 Freret Street, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA
| | - Julie A Semon
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Tulane University, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-99, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Brittni A Scruggs
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Tulane University, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-99, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-83, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Ryan W Bonvillain
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Tulane University, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-99, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Amy L Strong
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Tulane University, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-99, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Gimble
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Tulane University, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-99, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - Aline M Betancourt
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Tulane University, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-99, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Deborah E Sullivan
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Tulane University, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-99, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-38, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Bruce A Bunnell
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Tulane University, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-99, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-83, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Tulane National Primate Research Center, 18703 Three Rivers Road, Covington, LA 70433, USA
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