1
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Rijnders M, Nakauma-González JA, Robbrecht DGJ, Gil-Jimenez A, Balcioglu HE, Oostvogels AAM, Aarts MJB, Boormans JL, Hamberg P, van der Heijden MS, Szabados BE, van Leenders GJLH, Mehra N, Voortman J, Westgeest HM, de Wit R, van der Veldt AAM, Debets R, Lolkema MP. Gene-expression-based T-Cell-to-Stroma Enrichment (TSE) score predicts response to immune checkpoint inhibitors in urothelial cancer. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1349. [PMID: 38355607 PMCID: PMC10866910 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45714-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) improve overall survival in patients with metastatic urothelial cancer (mUC), but therapeutic success at the individual patient level varies significantly. Here we identify predictive markers of response, based on whole-genome DNA (n = 70) and RNA-sequencing (n = 41) of fresh metastatic biopsy samples, collected prior to treatment with pembrolizumab. We find that PD-L1 combined positivity score does not, whereas tumor mutational burden and APOBEC mutagenesis modestly predict response. In contrast, T cell-to-stroma enrichment (TSE) score, computed from gene expression signature data to capture the relative abundance of T cells and stromal cells, predicts response to immunotherapy with high accuracy. Patients with a positive and negative TSE score show progression free survival rates at 6 months of 67 and 0%, respectively. The abundance of T cells and stromal cells, as reflected by the TSE score is confirmed by immunofluorescence in tumor tissue, and its good performance in two independent ICI-treated cohorts of patients with mUC (IMvigor210) and muscle-invasive UC (ABACUS) validate the predictive power of the TSE score. In conclusion, the TSE score represents a clinically applicable metric that potentially supports the prospective selection of patients with mUC for ICI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maud Rijnders
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J Alberto Nakauma-González
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Urology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Computational Biology Center, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Debbie G J Robbrecht
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alberto Gil-Jimenez
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hayri E Balcioglu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Astrid A M Oostvogels
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maureen J B Aarts
- Department of Medical Oncology, GROW-School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Joost L Boormans
- Department of Urology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Hamberg
- Department of Medical Oncology, Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland Hospital, Rotterdam/Schiedam, The Netherlands
| | - Michiel S van der Heijden
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Geert J L H van Leenders
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Niven Mehra
- Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jens Voortman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hans M Westgeest
- Department of Internal Medicine, Amphia Hospital Breda, Breda, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald de Wit
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Astrid A M van der Veldt
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Reno Debets
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Martijn P Lolkema
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Amgen Inc., Breda, The Netherlands
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2
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Verhoeven M, Ruigrok EAM, van Leenders GJLH, van den Brink L, Balcioglu HE, van Weerden WM, Dalm SU. GRPR versus PSMA: expression profiles during prostate cancer progression demonstrate the added value of GRPR-targeting theranostic approaches. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1199432. [PMID: 37719014 PMCID: PMC10502172 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1199432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Central to targeted radionuclide imaging and therapy of prostate cancer (PCa) are prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeting radiopharmaceuticals. Gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR) targeting has been proposed as a potential additional approach for PCa theranostics. The aim of this study was to investigate to what extent and at what stage of the disease GRPR-targeting applications can complement PSMA-targeting theranostics in the management of PCa. Methods Binding of the GRPR- and PSMA-targeting radiopharmaceuticals [177Lu]Lu-NeoB and [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617, respectively, was evaluated and compared on tissue sections of 20 benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), 16 primary PCa and 17 progressive castration-resistant PCa (CRPC) fresh frozen tissue specimens. Hematoxylin-eosin and alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase stains were performed to identify regions of prostatic adenocarcinoma and potentially high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia. For a subset of primary PCa samples, RNA in situ hybridization (ISH) was used to identify target mRNA expression in defined tumor regions. Results The highest median [177Lu]Lu-NeoB binding was observed in primary PCa samples, while median and overall [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 binding was highest in CRPC samples. The highest [177Lu]Lu-NeoB binding was observed in 3/17 CRPC samples of which one sample showed no [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 binding. RNA ISH analyses showed a trend between mRNA expression and radiopharmaceutical binding, and confirmed the distinct GRPR and PSMA expression patterns in primary PCa observed with radiopharmaceutical binding. Conclusion Our study emphasizes that GRPR-targeting approaches can contribute to improved PCa management and complement currently applied PSMA-targeting strategies in both early and late stage PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjolein Verhoeven
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Eline A. M. Ruigrok
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Geert J. L. H. van Leenders
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Lilian van den Brink
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Hayri E. Balcioglu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Wytske M. van Weerden
- Department of Experimental Urology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Simone U. Dalm
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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3
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Roelofs PA, Timmermans MAM, Stefanovska B, den Boestert MA, van den Borne AWM, Balcioglu HE, Trapman AM, Harris RS, Martens JWM, Span PN. Aberrant APOBEC3B Expression in Breast Cancer Is Linked to Proliferation and Cell Cycle Phase. Cells 2023; 12:cells12081185. [PMID: 37190094 DOI: 10.3390/cells12081185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
APOBEC3B (A3B) is aberrantly overexpressed in a subset of breast cancers, where it associates with advanced disease, poor prognosis, and treatment resistance, yet the causes of A3B dysregulation in breast cancer remain unclear. Here, A3B mRNA and protein expression levels were quantified in different cell lines and breast tumors and related to cell cycle markers using RT-qPCR and multiplex immunofluorescence imaging. The inducibility of A3B expression during the cell cycle was additionally addressed after cell cycle synchronization with multiple methods. First, we found that A3B protein levels within cell lines and tumors are heterogeneous and associate strongly with the proliferation marker Cyclin B1 characteristic of the G2/M phase of the cell cycle. Second, in multiple breast cancer cell lines with high A3B, expression levels were observed to oscillate throughout the cell cycle and again associate with Cyclin B1. Third, induction of A3B expression is potently repressed throughout G0/early G1, likely by RB/E2F pathway effector proteins. Fourth, in cells with low A3B, induction of A3B through the PKC/ncNF-κB pathway occurs predominantly in actively proliferating cells and is largely absent in cells arrested in G0. Altogether, these results support a model in which dysregulated A3B overexpression in breast cancer is the cumulative result of proliferation-associated relief from repression with concomitant pathway activation during the G2/M phase of the cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter A Roelofs
- Radiotherapy & OncoImmunology Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Masonic Cancer Center, Institute for Molecular Virology, and Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Mieke A M Timmermans
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bojana Stefanovska
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Masonic Cancer Center, Institute for Molecular Virology, and Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Myrthe A den Boestert
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Amber W M van den Borne
- Radiotherapy & OncoImmunology Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Hayri E Balcioglu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anita M Trapman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Reuben S Harris
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Masonic Cancer Center, Institute for Molecular Virology, and Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - John W M Martens
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paul N Span
- Radiotherapy & OncoImmunology Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Mahajan S, Balcioglu HE, Oostvogels A, Dik WA, Chan KCA, Lo KW, Hui EP, Tsang A, Tong J, Lam WKJ, Wong K, Chan ATC, Ma BBY, Debets R. Frequency of Peripheral CD8+ T Cells Expressing Chemo-Attractant Receptors CCR1, 4 and 5 Increases in NPC Patients with EBV Clearance upon Radiotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15061887. [PMID: 36980772 PMCID: PMC10047204 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15061887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy (RT) is the standard-of-care for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), where the post-RT clearance of plasma EBV DNA is prognostic. Currently, it is not known whether the post-RT clearance of plasma EBV DNA is related to the presence of circulating T-cell subsets. Blood samples from NPC patients were used to assess the frequency of T-cell subsets relating to differentiation, co-signaling and chemotaxis. Patients with undetectable versus detectable plasma EBV DNA levels post-RT were categorized as clearers vs. non-clearers. Clearers had a lower frequency of PD1+CD8+ T cells as well as CXCR3+CD8+ T cells during RT compared to non-clearers. Clearers exclusively showed a temporal increase in chemo-attractant receptors CCR1, 4 and/or 5, expressing CD8+ T cells upon RT. The increase in CCR-expressing CD8+ T cells was accompanied by a drop in naïve CD8+ T cells and an increase in OX40+CD8+ T cells. Upon stratifying these patients based on clinical outcome, the dynamics of CCR-expressing CD8+ T cells were in concordance with the non-recurrence of NPC. In a second cohort, non-recurrence associated with higher quantities of circulating CCL14 and CCL15. Collectively, our findings relate plasma EBV DNA clearance post-RT to T-cell chemotaxis, which requires validation in larger cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Mahajan
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hayri E Balcioglu
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Astrid Oostvogels
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Willem A Dik
- Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - K C Allen Chan
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kwok-Wai Lo
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Edwin P Hui
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Sir YK Pao Centre for Cancer, Department of Clinical Oncology, Hong Kong Cancer Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Anna Tsang
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Joanna Tong
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wai Kei Jacky Lam
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kenneth Wong
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Sir YK Pao Centre for Cancer, Department of Clinical Oncology, Hong Kong Cancer Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Anthony T C Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Sir YK Pao Centre for Cancer, Department of Clinical Oncology, Hong Kong Cancer Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Brigette B Y Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Sir YK Pao Centre for Cancer, Department of Clinical Oncology, Hong Kong Cancer Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Reno Debets
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Barin N, Balcioglu HE, de Heer I, de Wit M, Lamfers MLM, van Royen ME, French PJ, Accardo A. 3D-Engineered Scaffolds to Study Microtubes and Localization of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor in Patient-Derived Glioma Cells. Small 2022; 18:e2204485. [PMID: 36207287 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202204485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A major obstacle in glioma research is the lack of in vitro models that can retain cellular features of glioma cells in vivo. To overcome this limitation, a 3D-engineered scaffold, fabricated by two-photon polymerization, is developed as a cell culture model system to study patient-derived glioma cells. Scanning electron microscopy, (live cell) confocal microscopy, and immunohistochemistry are employed to assess the 3D model with respect to scaffold colonization, cellular morphology, and epidermal growth factor receptor localization. Both glioma patient-derived cells and established cell lines successfully colonize the scaffolds. Compared to conventional 2D cell cultures, the 3D-engineered scaffolds more closely resemble in vivo glioma cellular features and allow better monitoring of individual cells, cellular protrusions, and intracellular trafficking. Furthermore, less random cell motility and increased stability of cellular networks is observed for cells cultured on the scaffolds. The 3D-engineered glioma scaffolds therefore represent a promising tool for studying brain cancer mechanobiology as well as for drug screening studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nastaran Barin
- Department of Precision and Microsystems Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, Delft, 2628 CD, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, Rotterdam, 3015 GD, The Netherlands
| | - Hayri E Balcioglu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, Rotterdam, 3015 GD, The Netherlands
| | - Iris de Heer
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, Rotterdam, 3015 GD, The Netherlands
| | - Maurice de Wit
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, Rotterdam, 3015 GD, The Netherlands
| | - Martine L M Lamfers
- Department of Neurosurgery, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, Rotterdam, 3015 GD, The Netherlands
| | - Martin E van Royen
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, Rotterdam, 3015 GD, The Netherlands
| | - Pim J French
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, Rotterdam, 3015 GD, The Netherlands
| | - Angelo Accardo
- Department of Precision and Microsystems Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, Delft, 2628 CD, The Netherlands
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Verploegh ISC, Conidi A, Brouwer RWW, Balcioglu HE, Karras P, Makhzami S, Korporaal A, Marine JC, Lamfers M, Van IJcken WFJ, Leenstra S, Huylebroeck D. Comparative single-cell RNA-sequencing profiling of BMP4-treated primary glioma cultures reveals therapeutic markers. Neuro Oncol 2022; 24:2133-2145. [PMID: 35639831 PMCID: PMC9713526 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noac143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive primary brain tumor. Its cellular composition is very heterogeneous, with cells exhibiting stem-cell characteristics (GSCs) that co-determine therapy resistance and tumor recurrence. Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP)-4 promotes astroglial and suppresses oligodendrocyte differentiation in GSCs, processes associated with superior patient prognosis. We characterized variability in cell viability of patient-derived GBM cultures in response to BMP4 and, based on single-cell transcriptome profiling, propose predictive positive and early-response markers for sensitivity to BMP4. METHODS Cell viability was assessed in 17 BMP4-treated patient-derived GBM cultures. In two cultures, one highly-sensitive to BMP4 (high therapeutic efficacy) and one with low-sensitivity, response to treatment with BMP4 was characterized. We applied single-cell RNA-sequencing, analyzed the relative abundance of cell clusters, searched for and identified the aforementioned two marker types, and validated these results in all 17 cultures. RESULTS High variation in cell viability was observed after treatment with BMP4. In three cultures with highest sensitivity for BMP4, a substantial new cell subpopulation formed. These cells displayed decreased cell proliferation and increased apoptosis. Neuronal differentiation was reduced most in cultures with little sensitivity for BMP4. OLIG1/2 levels were found predictive for high sensitivity to BMP4. Activation of ribosomal translation (RPL27A, RPS27) was up-regulated within one day in cultures that were very sensitive to BMP4. CONCLUSION The changes in composition of patient-derived GBM cultures obtained after treatment with BMP4 correlate with treatment efficacy. OLIG1/2 expression can predict this efficacy, and upregulation of RPL27A and RPS27 are useful early-response markers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rutger W W Brouwer
- Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Center for Biomics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hayri E Balcioglu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus Medical Center Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Samira Makhzami
- Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anne Korporaal
- Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jean-Christophe Marine
- Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Martine Lamfers
- Department of Neurosurgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wilfred F J Van IJcken
- Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sieger Leenstra
- Department of Neurosurgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Danny Huylebroeck
- Corresponding Author: Danny Huylebroeck, Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Building Ee, room Ee-1040b, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands ()
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7
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Balcioglu HE, Harkes R, Danen EHJ, Schmidt T. Substrate rigidity modulates traction forces and stoichiometry of cell–matrix adhesions. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:085101. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0077004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In cell–matrix adhesions, integrin receptors and associated proteins provide a dynamic coupling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) to the cytoskeleton. This allows bidirectional transmission of forces between the ECM and the cytoskeleton, which tunes intracellular signaling cascades that control survival, proliferation, differentiation, and motility. The quantitative relationships between recruitment of distinct cell–matrix adhesion proteins and local cellular traction forces are not known. Here, we applied quantitative super-resolution microscopy to cell–matrix adhesions formed on fibronectin-stamped elastomeric pillars and developed an approach to relate the number of talin, vinculin, paxillin, and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) molecules to the local cellular traction force. We find that FAK recruitment does not show an association with traction-force application, whereas a ∼60 pN force increase is associated with the recruitment of one talin, two vinculin, and two paxillin molecules on a substrate with an effective stiffness of 47 kPa. On a substrate with a fourfold lower effective stiffness, the stoichiometry of talin:vinculin:paxillin changes to 2:12:6 for the same ∼60 pN traction force. The relative change in force-related vinculin recruitment indicates a stiffness-dependent switch in vinculin function in cell–matrix adhesions. Our results reveal a substrate-stiffness-dependent modulation of the relationship between cellular traction-force and the molecular stoichiometry of cell–matrix adhesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayri E. Balcioglu
- Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Rolf Harkes
- Physics of Life Processes, Kamerlingh Onnes-Huygens Laboratory, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Erik H. J. Danen
- Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Schmidt
- Physics of Life Processes, Kamerlingh Onnes-Huygens Laboratory, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
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8
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Rijnders M, Balcioglu HE, Robbrecht DGJ, Oostvogels AAM, Wijers R, Aarts MJB, Hamberg P, van Leenders GJLH, Nakauma-González JA, Voortman J, Westgeest HM, Boormans JL, de Wit R, Lolkema MP, van der Veldt AAM, Debets R. Anti-PD-1 Efficacy in Patients with Metastatic Urothelial Cancer Associates with Intratumoral Juxtaposition of T Helper-Type 1 and CD8 + T cells. Clin Cancer Res 2021; 28:215-226. [PMID: 34615720 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-3319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE PD-1 inhibition results in durable antitumor responses in a proportion of patients with metastatic urothelial cancer (mUC). The majority of patients, however, do not experience clinical benefit. In this study, we aimed to identify early changes in T-cell subsets that underlie anti-PD-1 efficacy in patients with mUC. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Paired samples were collected from peripheral blood, plasma, and metastatic lesions of 56 patients with mUC at baseline and weeks 6 and 12 after initiating pembrolizumab treatment (200 mg intravenously, every 3 weeks). Samples were analyzed using multiplex flow cytometry, ELISA, and in situ stainings, including cellular network analysis. Treatment response was evaluated as best overall response according to RECIST v1.1, and patients were classified as responder (complete or partial response) or nonresponder (progressive disease). RESULTS In responders, baseline fractions of CD4+ T cells expressing cosignaling receptors were higher compared with nonresponders. The fraction of circulating PD-1+ CD4+ T cells decreased at weeks 6 and 12, whereas the fraction of 4-1BB+ CD28+ CD4+ T cells increased at week 12. In metastatic lesions of responders, the baseline density of T helper-type 1 (Th1) cells, defined as T-bet+ CD4+ T cells, was higher as compared to non-responders. Upon treatment, Th1 cells became localized in close proximity to CD8+ T cells, CD11b+ myeloid cells, and tumor cells. CONCLUSIONS A decrease in the fraction of circulating PD-1+ CD4+ T cells, and juxtaposition of Th1, CD8+, and myeloid cells was associated with response to anti-PD-1 treatment in patients with mUC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maud Rijnders
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hayri E Balcioglu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Debbie G J Robbrecht
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Astrid A M Oostvogels
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rebecca Wijers
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maureen J B Aarts
- Department of Medical Oncology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Paul Hamberg
- Department of Medical Oncology, Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Geert J L H van Leenders
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - J Alberto Nakauma-González
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Urology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Cancer Computational Biology Center, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jens Voortman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hans M Westgeest
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amphia Hospital Breda, Breda, the Netherlands
| | - Joost L Boormans
- Department of Urology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ronald de Wit
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Martijn P Lolkema
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Astrid A M van der Veldt
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Reno Debets
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
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9
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Hammerl D, Martens JWM, Timmermans M, Smid M, Trapman-Jansen AM, Foekens R, Isaeva OI, Voorwerk L, Balcioglu HE, Wijers R, Nederlof I, Salgado R, Horlings H, Kok M, Debets R. Spatial immunophenotypes predict response to anti-PD1 treatment and capture distinct paths of T cell evasion in triple negative breast cancer. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5668. [PMID: 34580291 PMCID: PMC8476574 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25962-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Only a subgroup of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) responds to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). To better understand lack of response to ICI, we analyze 681 TNBCs for spatial immune cell contextures in relation to clinical outcomes and pathways of T cell evasion. Excluded, ignored and inflamed phenotypes can be captured by a gene classifier that predicts prognosis of various cancers as well as anti-PD1 response of metastatic TNBC patients in a phase II trial. The excluded phenotype, which is associated with resistance to anti-PD1, demonstrates deposits of collagen-10, enhanced glycolysis, and activation of TGFβ/VEGF pathways; the ignored phenotype, also associated with resistance to anti-PD1, shows either high density of CD163+ myeloid cells or activation of WNT/PPARγ pathways; whereas the inflamed phenotype, which is associated with response to anti-PD1, revealed necrosis, high density of CLEC9A+ dendritic cells, high TCR clonality independent of neo-antigens, and enhanced expression of T cell co-inhibitory receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dora Hammerl
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - John W M Martens
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mieke Timmermans
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel Smid
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Renée Foekens
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Olga I Isaeva
- Division of Tumor Biology & Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Molecular Oncology & Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Leonie Voorwerk
- Division of Tumor Biology & Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hayri E Balcioglu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rebecca Wijers
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Iris Nederlof
- Division of Tumor Biology & Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Roberto Salgado
- Department of Pathology, GZA-ZNA Ziekenhuizen, Antwerp, Belgium
- Division of Research, Peter Mac Callum Cancer Center, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Hugo Horlings
- Division of Tumor Biology & Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marleen Kok
- Division of Tumor Biology & Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Reno Debets
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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10
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Phanthunane C, Wijers R, de Herdt M, Langeveld TPM, Koljenovic S, Dasgupta S, Sleijfer S, Baatenburg de Jong RJ, Hardillo J, Balcioglu HE, Debets R. B-cell clusters at the invasive margin associate with longer survival in early-stage oral-tongue cancer patients. Oncoimmunology 2021; 10:1882743. [PMID: 33643695 PMCID: PMC7894457 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2021.1882743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In oral-cancer, the number of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) associates with improved survival, yet the prognostic value of the cellular composition and localization of TILs is not defined. We quantified densities, localizations, and cellular networks of lymphocyte populations in 138 patients with T1-T2 primary oral-tongue squamous cell carcinoma treated with surgical resections without any perioperative (chemo)radiotherapy, and correlated outcomes to overall survival (OS). Multiplexed in-situ immunofluorescence was performed for DAPI, CD4, CD8, CD20, and pan-cytokeratin using formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded sections, and spatial distributions of lymphocyte populations were assessed in the tumor and stroma compartments at the invasive margin (IM) as well as the center of tumors. We observed a high density of CD4, CD8, and CD20 cells in the stroma compartment at the IM, but neither lymphocyte densities nor networks as single parameters associated with OS. In contrast, assessment of two contextual parameters within the stroma IM region of tumors, i.e., the number of CD20 cells within 20 µm radii of CD20 and CD4 cells, termed the CD20 Cluster Score, yielded a highly significant association with OS (HR 0.38; p = .003). Notably, the CD20 Cluster Score significantly correlated with better OS and disease-free survival in multivariate analysis (HR 0.34 and 0.47; p = .001 and 0.019) as well as with lower local recurrence rate (OR: 0.13; p = .028). Taken together, our study showed that the presence of stromal B-cell clusters at IM, in the co-presence of CD4 T-cells, associates with good prognosis in early oral-tongue cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Phanthunane
- Departments of Otorhinolaryngology and Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical Oncology, HRH Princess Chulabhorn College of Medical Science, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - R Wijers
- Departments of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M de Herdt
- Departments of Otorhinolaryngology and Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - T P M Langeveld
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - S Koljenovic
- Departments of Otorhinolaryngology and Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S Dasgupta
- Departments of Otorhinolaryngology and Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S Sleijfer
- Departments of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R J Baatenburg de Jong
- Departments of Otorhinolaryngology and Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J Hardillo
- Departments of Otorhinolaryngology and Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - H E Balcioglu
- Departments of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R Debets
- Departments of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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11
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Balcioglu HE, Balasubramaniam L, Stirbat TV, Doss BL, Fardin MA, Mège RM, Ladoux B. A subtle relationship between substrate stiffness and collective migration of cell clusters. Soft Matter 2020; 16:1825-1839. [PMID: 31970382 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm01893j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The physical cues from the extracellular environment mediates cell signaling spatially and temporally. Cells respond to physical cues from their environment in a non-monotonic fashion. Despite our understanding of the role of substrate rigidity on single cell migration, how cells respond collectively to increasing extracellular matrix stiffness is not well established. Here we patterned multicellular epithelial Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) islands on polyacrylamide gels of varying stiffness and studied their expansion. Our findings show that the MDCK islands expanded faster with increasing stiffness only up to an optimum stiffness, over which the expansion plateaued. We then focused on the expansion of the front of the assemblies and the formation of leader cells. We observed cell front destabilization only above substrate stiffness of a few kPa. The extension of multicellular finger-like structures at the edges of the colonies for intermediate and high stiffnesses from 6 to 60 kPa responded to higher substrate stiffness by increasing focal adhesion areas and actin cable assembly. Additionally, the number of leader cells at the finger-like protrusions increased with stiffness in correlation with an increase of the area of these multicellular protrusions. Consequently, the force profile along the epithelial fingers in the parallel and transverse directions of migration showed an unexpected relationship leading to a global force decrease with the increase of stiffness. Taken together, our findings show that epithelial cell colonies respond to substrate stiffness but in a non-trivial manner that may be of importance to understand morphogenesis and collective cell invasion during tumour progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayri E Balcioglu
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore
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12
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Schmidt T, Balcioglu HE, Harkes R, Danen EH. Substrate Rigidity Modulates the Composition in Cell-Matrix Adhesions. Biophys J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2017.11.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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13
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Jansen KA, Donato DM, Balcioglu HE, Schmidt T, Danen EHJ, Koenderink GH. A guide to mechanobiology: Where biology and physics meet. Biochim Biophys Acta 2015; 1853:3043-52. [PMID: 25997671 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2015.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cells actively sense and process mechanical information that is provided by the extracellular environment to make decisions about growth, motility and differentiation. It is important to understand the underlying mechanisms given that deregulation of the mechanical properties of the extracellular matrix (ECM) is implicated in various diseases, such as cancer and fibrosis. Moreover, matrix mechanics can be exploited to program stem cell differentiation for organ-on-chip and regenerative medicine applications. Mechanobiology is an emerging multidisciplinary field that encompasses cell and developmental biology, bioengineering and biophysics. Here we provide an introductory overview of the key players important to cellular mechanobiology, taking a biophysical perspective and focusing on a comparison between flat versus three dimensional substrates. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Mechanobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin A Jansen
- Systems Biophysics Department, FOM Institute AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dominique M Donato
- Physics of Life Processes, Huygens-Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratory, Leiden University, Niels Bohrweg 2, 2333 CA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hayri E Balcioglu
- Faculty of Science, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Toxicology, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Schmidt
- Physics of Life Processes, Huygens-Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratory, Leiden University, Niels Bohrweg 2, 2333 CA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Erik H J Danen
- Faculty of Science, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Toxicology, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gijsje H Koenderink
- Systems Biophysics Department, FOM Institute AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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14
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Balcioglu HE, van Hoorn H, Donato DM, Schmidt T, Danen EHJ. Integrin expression profile modulates orientation and dynamics of force transmission at cell matrix adhesions. J Cell Sci 2015; 128:1316-26. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.156950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrin adhesion receptors connect the extracellular matrix (ECM) to the cytoskeleton and serve as bidirectional mechanotransducers. During development, angiogenesis, wound healing, or cancer progression the relative abundance of fibronectin receptors, including α5β1 and αvβ3 changes, thus altering the integrin composition of cell-matrix adhesions. Here, we show that enhanced αvβ3 expression can fully compensate for loss of α5β1 and other β1 integrins to support outside-in and inside-out force transmission. α5β1 and αvβ3 each mediate actin cytoskeletal remodeling in response to stiffening or cyclic stretching of the ECM. Likewise, α5β1 and αvβ3 support cellular traction forces of comparable magnitudes and similarly increase these forces in response to ECM stiffening. However, cells using αvβ3 respond to lower stiffness ranges, more robustly reorganize their actin cytoskeleton in response to stretch, and traction forces are more randomly oriented in cells using αvβ3. Centripetal traction force orientation requires Rho kinase-Myosin II-mediated long stress fibers that are supported by α5β1. Thus, altering the relative abundance of fibronectin-binding integrins in cell-matrix adhesions affects spatiotemporal organization of force transmission.
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15
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Xiong J, Balcioglu HE, Danen EHJ. Integrin signaling in control of tumor growth and progression. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2013; 45:1012-5. [PMID: 23428797 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2013.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2012] [Revised: 01/30/2013] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Interactions with the extracellular matrix (ECM) provide cells with physical and chemical cues that act in concert with growth factors to support survival and proliferation. Transmembrane receptors of the integrin family mediate ECM attachment and play important roles in sensing and responding to ECM properties. Integrin signaling involves large integrin-associated intracellular protein complexes that act as anchors for the cytoskeleton and as signaling hotspots where enzymes and substrates are concentrated. Moreover, many different growth factor signaling cascades are amplified when cells are attached to the ECM. Integrins are involved in many pathologies; here we focus on their roles in cancer. Although "anchorage-independence" is a hallmark of cancer cells, genetic studies clearly show that integrins and associated proteins provide essential support for early tumor development and growth. Integrins also provide support during later stages of tumor progression but in some scenarios they appear to have suppressive activity, which is currently not understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangling Xiong
- Department of Toxicology, LACDR, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
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16
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Stachowiak MR, McCall PM, Thoresen T, Balcioglu HE, Kasiewicz L, Gardel ML, O'Shaughnessy B. Self-organization of myosin II in reconstituted actomyosin bundles. Biophys J 2013; 103:1265-74. [PMID: 22995499 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2012.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2012] [Revised: 07/27/2012] [Accepted: 08/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells assemble a variety of bundled actomyosin structures in the cytoskeleton for activities such as cell-shape regulation, force production, and cytokinesis. Although these linear structures exhibit varied architecture, two common organizational themes are a punctate distribution of myosin II and distinct patterns of actin polarity. The mechanisms that cells use to assemble and maintain these organizational features are poorly understood. To study these, we reconstituted actomyosin bundles in vitro that contained only actin filaments and myosin II. Upon addition of ATP, the bundles contracted and the uniformly distributed myosin spontaneously reorganized into discrete clusters. We developed a mathematical model in which the motion of myosin II filaments is governed by the polarities of the actin filaments with which they interact. The model showed that the assembly of myosins into clusters is driven by their tendency to migrate to locations with zero net actin filament polarity. With no fitting parameters, the predicted distribution of myosin cluster separations was in close agreement with our experiments, including a -3/2 power law decay for intermediate length scales. Thus, without an organizing template or accessory proteins, a minimal bundle of actin and myosin has the inherent capacity to self-organize into a heterogeneous banded structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Stachowiak
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
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